Human Regulation

The Endocrine System

 The Endocrine System
A system in which
glands secrete
hormones to help
regulate the human
body.
 The Hypothalamus
Small region of the
brain that releases
hormones which
influence the pituitary
gland
 Pituitary Gland
Master Gland located at the base of the
brain
Secretes:
– Growth-Stimulating Hormone: stimulate
elongation of bones
– Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: Stimulates
Thyroid to produce thyroxin
– Follicle Stimulating Hormone: stimulates
activity in the ovaries and testes.
Pituitary GLand
 Thyroid Gland
Located in neck
Produces Thyroxin
which contains iodine
Thyroxin regulates
the rate of
metabolism
– Essential for physical
and mental
development
 Parathyroid Glands
Patches of tissue
embedded in thyroid
– Secretes
parathormone:
controls metabolism of
calcium which is
necessary for nerve
function, blood
clotting, and proper
growth of teeth and
bones
 Adrenal Glands
Located on top of
kidneys.
No connection with
kidneys
Consists of adrenal
cortex (outer portion)
and inner mass
(adrenal medulla)
 Adrenal Cortex
One steroid hormone produces
conversion of body fat and protein into
glucose
Other steroid hormone promotes re-
absorption into the blood stream of Na and
Cl ions by kidney tubules. Affects water
balance and helps maintain blood
pressure
 Adrenal Medulla
Secretes adrenalin
Increases blood sugar level and accelerates
heart and breathing rates.
 Islets of Langerhans
Small group of cells
located in the pancreas
Secretes insulin and
glucagon
– Insulin: facilitates entrance
of glucose into cells.
Lowers blood sugar
levels by promoting
movement of sugar
from blood into liver
muscles where it is
stored as glycogen
– Glucagon: stimulates
release of sugar from the
liver and raises the blood
sugar level
 Gonads
Sex glands of the human
– Testes: male sex gland
Secretes testosterone:
influences development
of male secondary sex
characteristics
– Ovaries: female sex
glands
Secretes several
hormones
Estrogen: influences
development of female
secondary sex
characteristics
 Endocrine Control
Negative Feedback: level of one hormone
stimulates or inhibits the production of another
hormone.
Negative feedback
 Malfunctions
Goiter: enlargement
of thyroid.
– A result of a gland
inabillity to produce
thyroxin
– Associated with iodine
deficiency
 Malfunctions
Diabetes: insulin
deficiency
Elevated blood sugar
level