FINAL EXAMINATION JANUARY 2013 SEMESTER

COURSE

: : :

QAB2033 CARBONATE SEDIMENTOLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY

26th APRTL 2O1g (FR|DAY)

DATE TIME

3:00 PM

6:00 PM (3 HOURS)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Note

Answer ALL questions from the Questions Booklet. Begin EACH answer on a new page in the Answer booklet given. lndicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any. Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and indicate

ALL assumptions.
Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed.

There are SIX (6) pages in this Question Booklet including the cover page.

Universiti Teknologi

pETRONAS

QAB2O33

1.

a.

i. ii.

Name THREE (3) carbonate minerals. [3 marks] State THREE (3) carbonate characteristics. [3 marks]

b.

Define the following terms:

i. ii. ii. c. i.

Carbonate grains. [2 marks] Carbonate mud. [2 marks] Carbonate cement. [2 marks]

Evaluate FouR

(4) different aspects between Dunham

[4 marks]

Classification (1962) and Lucia Classification (1995).

ii.

outline the importance of carbonate pore type information.

[4 marks]

QAB2O33

2.

a. b. c. d.

Outline the importance of carbonate facies studies. [2 marks] lllustrate and explain the different tidal zones in a schematic diagram. [8 marks] Describe the characteristics of reef facies. [5 marks] Describe the characteristics of lagoon facies. [5 marks]

QAB2O33

3.

a. b. c. d.

lllustrate carbonate production with depth with the aid of diagram. [6 marks] Name FOUR (4) pelagic components. [4 marks] Analyze the characteristics of carbonates in arid climate. [4 marks] lllustrate ONE (f ) tidalzones in an arid climate. [6 marks]

QAB2033

a.

Evaluate

the

relevance

of

diagenesis studies

reservoir

characterization.
[4 marks]

lllustrate diagenetic zones with the aid of diagram.

[6 marks]

With the aid of diagrams, identify TWO (2) types of cement for the
following:

i.

Marine cements.

ii. Freshwater vadose cements.

iii. Freshwater phreatic cements.

d.

i.
ii.

Define karsf.

Give examples of TWO (2) different karstic features.

QAB2O33

5.

lllustrate FOUR (4) types

diagram.

of

carbonate platform with appropriate

[4 marks]

b.

Explain the profile of a carbonate platform facies with aid of diagram.

[6 marks]

Outline TWO (2) important assumptions for the following:

i.
i.

seismicstratigraphy.
sequence stratigraphy.

Evaluate THREE (3) type of system tracts with the aid of diagram. [6 marks]

-END OF PAPER 6