Gondi-English-Telugu-Hindi A4 Dictionary (March 2005)

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Gondi Dictionary

Gondi English Hindi Telugu

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and Semantic Category Listing

Gondi Dictionary
Gondi English Hindi Telugu

with
English Gondi (Telugu script)
Telugu Gondi (Telugu script)
Hindi Gondi (Devanagari script)
and
Semantic Category Listing

First Published:
March 2005

Copies:
1000

Compiled by:
Mark Penny
Joanna Penny
Pendur Durnath Rao

Publishers:
Integrated Tribal Development Agency
Utnoor, Adilabad District, Andhra Pradesh

Images:
Courtesy of Asha Kiran Society, Lamtaput, Koraput, Orissa.

Copyright:
This compilation copyright 2005. Anyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of
this text or any portion of this text. It may be incorporated in a larger work, and/or quoted
from, stored in a database retrieval system, photocopied, reprinted or otherwise duplicated
by anyone without prior notification, permission, compensation to the holder, or any other
restrictions. All rights to this text are released to everyone and no one can reduce these
rights at any time.
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iii
Introduction

The Gondi spoken in Adilabad District of Andhra Pradesh, India,
(commonly referred to as Koyang) is spoken by approximately 185,000
Gonds, or Koitor as they call themselves. Though written here in the Telugu
script, one can clearly see that the Gondi language is very distinct from
Telugu. An interesting feature of this variety of Gondi is the high level of
borrowing from the neighbouring Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi and Marathi.

We have yet to come across a comprehensive Gondi dictionary in the
regional script (Telugu) which could be used in schools, to encourage local
writers to be more actively involved in committing their cultural stories,
beliefs, and local history to paper, and to encourage development of literature
in Gondi. However, more than 30 years ago, two scholars worked on the
grammar of this dialect of Gondi: Dr. Neville John Lincoln, Cornell
University, wrote A Descriptive Analysis of the Adilabad Dialect of Gondi
and Dr. P. S. Subrahmanyam, Annamalai University, wrote A Descriptive
Grammar of Gondi. This dictionary is based on, but not limited to, the
wordlists contained in these two publications. In addition, hundreds of
example sentences with their meaning translated into English have been
added to illustrate usage of the language. The final section shows the entries
sorted by semantic domain (e.g. plants, animals, occupations, actions, parts of
the body, home, relation) which is an invaluable resource.

We are very much aware of the limitations of this first edition and
welcome feedback and corrections. It is our intention to continue working on
this resource: to increase the number of entries especially including words
that are unique to the Gondi language and culture; to have more example
sentences; to add Gond-specific pictures; to fill in the missing Hindi and
Telugu entries; and to correct the occasional wrongly translated sense. A
website containing the complete dictionary, along with a downloadable
interactive version containing photos and audio clips, is also planned.

Our hope and prayer is that this dictionary will be an important step
toward long-term Gondi language and culture preservation which should go
hand in hand with development and modernisation in the region.

Mark and Joanna Penny
with Pendur Durnath Rao
Mancherial, Adilabad, A.P., India.
5
th
March 2005
iv
Foreword
FOREWORD

Gonds of Adilabad have been inheritors of a splendidly rich cultural
heritage. Language plays a vital role in preserving the cultural heritage for
posterity. Gondi dialect of the Adilabad variety is spoken by nearly 2 lakh
Gonds of Adilabad. Though there is no Gondi script as such, attempts are
underway to evolve a Gondi script. In order to further develop and enrich the
dialect, a dictionary of Gondi English Hindi Telugu has been a long felt
need. The present work has been a commendable effort to address this long
felt need.

This work is indeed an effort worthy of rich commendation. It would
indeed go a long way in mainstreaming the Gondi language. It is an enduring
contribution to the Gondi culture and is a significant step forward in the
direction of preservation of Gondi language and culture.

I hope the work gets further expanded and more and more words get
added to it. I heartily congratulate Mr. Mark Penny who has endeavoured to
compile this dictionary. I hope it would be of immense use to Gondis and also
to other connoisseurs of Gondi dialect.
v

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vii

Acknowledgement coc c:
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4dRe -.G. g h& Q ur<. E5< U{!Q #.L. -o. h3n {Q .

We would like to express our thanks to Benny and Mary Kurian for
introducing us to the Gondi language and making us aware of the need for
language development in the region.

Many people have helped prepare this Gondi (Koya) dictionary. Having
gone from village to village the words were checked. Even the villagers
themselves have helped with this work. In addition, Dr. Thodasam Chandu,
Shri Mesram Somji, Shri Arka Manik Rao, Shri Mesram Manohar, Shri
Sidam Arju and Shri Chahkati Dasru have all contributed to the words in this
dictionary. This dictionary has not come about by the work of one person. In
order to prepare it, all these people have helped. To all of you a hearty thank
you!

Shri V. Sheshadri (I.A.S.), Project Officer, I.T.D.A. Utnoor, is very
understanding towards the tribal people. He has been very pleased about the
preparation of a Gondi dictionary for the Gondi community. The Gondi
community will never forget this Project Officer. He has made it possible to
publish the Gondi dictionary. A hearty thank you to our Project Officer,
Sheshadri saab!
viii
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ix
About the compilers
This dictionary was developed, typed and checked by Mr. Mark Penny,
Mrs. Joanna Penny and Mr. Pendur Durnath Rao. They happily do this work
on behalf of the Gondi community.
Mr. Mark Penny was born in Ranchi (Bihar, India) on 29 November
1970. He completed his schooling in Bihar, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. In
England he gained a Computer Engineering degree, and later worked in
computing at the headquarters of a major bank.
Mrs. Joanna Penny was born in Christchurch, New Zealand on
26 February 1972. She completed her M.A. in Linguistics in England in 1995.
They were married in New Zealand. After their marriage they both
completed a Diploma in Applied Linguistics in Australia. In 1999 they
returned to India with S.I.L. International to do linguistic related computing
work. Mark instructs courses for specialized linguistic software training in
Bangalore, Hyderabad and Nasik. Joanna specializes in Grammar. In 2003,
they came to Adilabad district of Andhra Pradesh to learn the Gondi language
and to help advance the work of producing Gondi books such as this
dictionary. They presently live in Mancherial, Adilabad District, with their
two daughters, Abigail and Priya.
Mr. Pendur Durnath Rao, son of Motiram, of Bheemuguda
(Dubbaguda), was born on 09 July 1982. His (late) father was a farmer. When
he was small he used to walk 3 kilometers to go to school. Then his father
enrolled him at the Government Ashram school. The children lived there
together. From the 3rd class right up until class 10 he studied at the Marlawai
Ashram School. He then studied at a private college in Adilabad. Later, at the
I.T.I in Utnoor, he completed a Diploma in Stenography. He is presently
enrolled at B.R. Ambedkar University, Kagaznagar. He works (very hard!)
with Mr and Mrs Penny on the Gondi dictionary project.
The Andhra Pradesh Goverment is currently implementing a programme
through the State Education and Tribal Welfare (I.T.D.A.) Departments to
teach children in schools in their own mother-tongue. Mark is involved in that
programme preparing books for small children.
x
Contact Information ô. c oc Lc- < Doa-c

Please send any corrections,
suggestions for improvement, and
additional words to be included in
future editions to:

Mr. Mesram Manohar
P.M.R.C., I.T.D.A., Utnoor
Adilabad District
Andhra Pradesh
Pin code: 504 311

Mr. Arka Manik Rao
S.C.E.R.P.
School Complex
Mahagaom, Sirpur (U)
Adilabad District
Pin code: 504 313

Mr. Pendur Durnath Rao
Bheemuguda (Dubbaguda)
Post, Mandal: Jainoor
Adilabad District
Andhra Pradesh
Pin code: 504 313

or by e-mail:
mark_penny@sil.org

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xi
Contents Dco ^Ds

nòc .o coo.....................................................................................................i
cc:n: .o coo ................................................................................................ii
Introduction ......................................................................................................iii
Foreword...........................................................................................................iv
cc n`c ........................................................................................................ v
c:oc:ce......................................................................................................vi
Acknowledgement coc c: ................................................................vii
ôsc<so c: .................................................................................................. viii
About the compilers .........................................................................................ix
Contact Information ô. coc Lc- < Doa-c.......................................... x
Pronunciation e_oc.................................................................................xii
Grammatical Abbreviations ...........................................................................xiv
Gondi Grammar Sketch...................................................................................xv
nòc nc .......................................................................................................xx

Dictionary .csò
nòc con c: coc cc:n:
Gondi English Hindi Telugu ...............................................................1-88

Reverse Listing
English Gondi........................................................................................89-139
cc:n: nòc ..........................................................................................141-163
z ".............................................................................................165-181

coo: co ôLo o .e s
Semantic Category Listing.....................................................................183-258

xii

Pronunciation e_oc
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?3T3B. op) )%_TS :Yu> ?3T3B \, \d<*, 234T3B \d|E]
3Q3B.

012: K 234 _W3SX -.C3I g !W( .N%4R N;C x ]I U]1%4Rz
oh; (D.I =>R Q \dbV 234 \dbV.

English: These are the sounds of the Gondi language, with a pronunciation
guide for English speakers referring to the romanized script.

\
a cut
/ ` / far
8 / / i hit
K / / # feet
7 / .
/ u put
/ / : / $ cool
! / @ / e pet
" / @ / & pair
J / / o cot
L / " / ( court
C
+ k sky
S
" g good
oS
" ng song
-
* singing
b
c chilli
r
" j jug

`
- sty
)
/ ladle
)
1 adapt
T
t bath
h
d there
R
- n net
N
p special
%
b bubble
?
H m man
6
" y yellow
|
r run
]
l leg
(
v wind
.
U s sun
<
z h hand
xiii

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Na[* :YZ6. -; 8$ )%_T3B \d<* N_ . 234 #-TS 8, \d<*
C(1 =3T3B.

012: \8)8* NaV h GH] N34 234 GHI (EeRz. NaV
=`G Q K N;C x ]I 7R` \dbV 234 GHI K \dbV TG*(M
(-c g .

English: These sounds are not native to Gondi, but are found in some
borrowed words from Indo-Aryan languages such as Marathi and Hindi
(and Sanskrit). Many of these sounds are not found in English either.
Aspirated consonants (kh, gh, ch, jh, -h, /h, th, dh, ph, bh) are said with
emphasis almost as if the h is pronounced.

| / ' @ / ai buy
7 / ` / au how

U kh kite
W
gh
;
ch check
o
? jh

newt

-h top
c
/h
&
" 3 round
f
^ th thing
M
U dh
;
+ ph pot
C
bh
}
" 4 shop
H
7 pursue
)
7 8 silk

k7 action

:

xiv

Grammatical Abbreviations

adj adjective
adjl adjectival
adv adverb
advl adverbial
attr attributive
conj conjunctive
corr correlative
int interjection
n noun
ppn postposition
ppnl postpositional
ppt past adverbial participle
pron pronoun
vc causative verb
vi intransitive verb
vt transitive verb

(sg.) singular
(pl.) plural

(m.) masculine (human)
(f.) feminine (human)
(nm.) non-masculine

(prox.) proximate (nearby)
(dist.) distal (further away)

(incl.) inclusive
(excl.) exclusive
xv
Gondi Grammar Sketch
Basic Tips for Understanding Gondi Morphology
by Joanna Penny, MA Linguistics

The word order in Gondi is subject, object, verb (SOV). Subjects and objects are nouns (or
pronouns) which can take different suffixes which show pluralisation or case. Verbs also
have suffixes marking the tense, aspect, or person to which the verb refers. A brief
explanation of these suffixes follows, with examples to demonstrate how the language is
used in context.
1. The Structure of the Noun
1.1 Plurals
There are three suffixes to indicate the plural in Gondi. *g is added to nouns
ending in a vowel, for example, k(p pot, k(p*g pots; kap/i cloth,
kap/i*g clothes. k is added to nouns ending in a consonant, for example, pal
tooth, palk teeth; janvr animal, janvrk animals; m#n fish(sg), m#nk
fish(pl). #r is added to masculine nouns to show the plural, for example,
maynal man, maynal#r men, kn/i son, kn/#r sons. However, there are a
number of exceptions to the rule, as in menj egg, mesk eggs; r(n house,
r(hk houses; k&vi ear, k&vk ears; pu*ar flower, pu*ak flowers.
1.2 Case
Case refers to the morpheme that identifies the role of the noun. Case can be
nominative (subject), accusative (object), dative (indirect object), and genetive
(possessive). In Gondi the nominative case is unmarked.
1.2.1 Oblique form
Before case markers and post-positions the noun takes an oblique form. For
human nouns the suffix is n . For sonorant ending words (ie. l, 1, r, n, *, v, y)
the oblique suffix is d, elsewhere t is used. In r ending words the r drops
and the oblique suffix becomes retroflex /, or -. For example,

suffix regular noun oblique form meaning
n bbl bbn father
t# t#n fathers sister
d mal mald peacock
mv mvd deer
t ks( ks(t tortoise
r(n r(t house
/ sov(r sov(/ salt
- nr n- village

For plural nouns the obliques are as follows: * ending nouns become n, k
ending nouns become kn, and ir ending verbs remain the same for singular
and plural.
xvi
1.2.2 Possession
Possession is indicated by adding the suffix a to the end of the oblique form of
the noun, as in:
bbna pus-ak fathers book.
kh&tidarana ksur farmers bullock cart.
ksu/a gre bullock carts wheel.
1.2.3 Case in pronouns
Pronouns take a different form according to their case. The first person
pronouns are presented below according to case.
Nominative Accusative Dative Genetive Oblique

singular nann nkun nk nva n
plural (inclusive) mara- mkun mk mva m

(exclusive) momo- mkun mk mva m
1.3 Noun Phrase
Nouns occur with other words such as adjectives. The adjective is also inflected
for number and gender to agree with the noun it modifies. There are two main
sets of suffixes: (1) al for singular and #r (masculine) or ik (non-masculine)
for plural. (2) or (masculine) or a (non-masculine) for singular and er/-ur
(masculine) or a*g (non-masculine) for plural. An example of each is shown.

singular plural meaning
al de*gl maynal #r de*gal#r maynal#r tall man/men
al de*gl veylo ik de*glik veyl(k tall woman/women
or pers(r ddl er/-$r pers$r ddl#r big brother/brothers
a persa y&ni a* persa*g y&ni*g big elephant/elephants

Post-positions come after the noun and express relationships such as location of
the noun (karum near, roppo inside), accompaniment (sa*ga with),
benefactive (s-i for), etc.
id pustak priyan s-i manta This book is for Priya.
v(r s(ptan sa*ga karser mant(r He is playing with his friend.
mo//e r(t roppo narumser manta The baby girl is sleeping inside the house.

2. The Structure of the Verb
Verbs are made up of several morphemes:
verb stem tense/aspect marker person number gender agreement
In the dictionary only the verb stems are listed, although most verbs do not occur in
this form without any inflectional morphemes. The verbs are classified as transitive (vt,
ie. has an object), intransitive (vi, ie. does not have an object) or causative (vc, ie. cause
to do action).
All the examples will be given for the verbs s$/- see and k#- do with the first
person singular ending meaning I, to enable easy comparison.
xvii
2.1 Person-number-gender Agreement
There are three sets of personal endings that are required for finite verbs. Set I
occurs in the present and past tenses. Set II occurs with the imperfect tense.
Set III occurs with the future tense. (See section 2.2). These suffixes indicate
the person (first, second, third), number (singular or plural) and gender
(masculine or non-masculine) of the subject. Even if the subject is not stated
with a separate pronoun it can be deducted from this person-number-gender
agreement suffix.

I II III
1 singular -(n -$n -(n)
plural (inclusive) -a- -$- -a-
plural (exclusive) -(m -$m -(m
2 singular -i -i -i
plural -i- -i- -i-
3 singular -(r -$r -$r/-er
plural -&r -#r -#r
singular -a -$ -r
plural -a*g -$* -$*

For example, the past tense (using set I, above) is expressed in the following
way for the verb s$/- see.

subject object verb (stem+past+png)
nanna mal-d-un s$/-t-(n I saw a peacock
mara- mal-d-un s$/-t-a- We (incl.) saw a peacock
mommo- mal-d-un s$/-t-(m We (excl.) saw a peacock
nimme mal-d-un s$/-t-i You (sg.) saw a peacock
nimme- mal-d-un s$/-t-i- You (pl.) saw a peacock
(v)(r mal-d-un s$/-t-(r He saw a peacock
(v)$r mal-d-un s$/-t-&r They (m.) saw a peacock
ad mal-d-un s$/-t-a She/it saw a peacock
av mal-d-un s$/-t-a*g They (nm.) saw a peacock

The agreement is between the pronoun (subject) and the final suffix on the verb.
2.2 Finite Verbs
Finite verbs require a person-number-gender agreement suffix.
2.2.1 Present tense
The present tense morpheme is nt for vowel ending verb stems and nt for
consonant ending verb stems. This suffix is also used to indicate present
habitual actions, as in English.
s$/-nt-(n I see.
k#-nt-(n I do.
xviii
The present negative tense has no morpheme (-), except when it occurs before
#/#- as in second person agreement suffixes.
s$/--(n I dont see.
k#y--(n I dont do.
s$/-v-# You dont see.
k#y-v- # You dont do.
2.2.2 Past tense
The past tense morpheme is t .
s$/-t-(n I saw.
k#-t-(n I did.
2.2.3 Imperfect tense
The suffix nd is used for vowel ending verb stems and -nd is used for
consonant ending verb stems to indicate a past habitual (imperfect) action.
s$/-nd-$n I used to see.
k#-nd- $n I used to do.
2.2.4 Future tense
The future tense suffix is k.
s$/-k-n I will see.
k#-k-n I will do.

2.3 Non-finite Verbs
Non-finite verbs do not require a person number gender agreement suffix.
2.3.1 Past Participle
The past participle is formed by adding the suffix -s# to the verb stem. When the
verb stem ends in the consonants d, -j, -t, -h, -c the past participle suffix -c# is
used.
s$/-s# having seen
k#-s# having done
2.3.2 Continuous aspect
The continuous suffix is -s&r (or -c&r after d, -j, -t, -h, -c ending verb stems).
s$/-s&r on seeing
k#-s&r on doing
The continuous sense is also used with the auxiliary verb man- in past present
and future tenses.
s$/-s&r ma-tt-(n I was seeing
s$/-s&r ma-nt- (n I am seeing
s$/-s&r man-k-(n I will be seeing
xix
2.3.3 Gerund
The suffix -m/ is used when a verb is nominalized.
s$/-m/ (the) seeing
k#y-m/ (the) doing
2.3.4 Gerund-Actor
The gerund-actor refers to the person who does the action. The suffix -vl is
added to the verb stem.
s$/-vl the one who sees, seer
k#-vl the one who does, doer
2.3.5 Supine
The supine suffix is -l&.
s$/-l& in order to see
k#y-l& in order to do
2.3.6 Infinitive
The infinitive suffix is -.
s$/- to see
k#y- to do
2.3.7 Obligatory
The obligatory suffix is -n.
s$/-n one should see.
k#y-n one should do.
2.3.8 Imperative and Prohibitive
The imperative suffix - is used for commands. For most verbs this is the same
as the infinitive form of the verb. The verb k#- is irregular. Some verbs dont
take any suffix, for example tin eat and un drink.
s$/- Look!, See!
k#-m Do (it)!
The prohibitive suffix -m is used when the command is negative. The plural
imperative can be formed by adding the plural suffix -- to the singular form.
s$/-m (-- ) Dont look!
k#y-m (-- ) Dont do (it)!

xx
nòc nc
8$ 234 (56) 4dRe -., g RS SE< Q 8_ ?3T. 8$ -., g RS e g
Nh3 :Y Z61Z. 8Y. Na[* 4dRe TS ?3T3B. \O. -; 8Y. :Y
uf3. 89. (|5 =E u 5 =Eu> C|u 5.
7a: Q- \d|3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. u ur., ur<, u:<, u3'<,
u3T, u3T3B, 8Y. 736 Na[* 9: & u TS UA< 3T3B.
7a: *- \d|3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. T, 3T, T3B, 6q[,
A<, r<, '<, 8Y. 736 Na[* 9: & TS UA<
3T3B.
7a: R- \d|3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. ^ ^C, ^r<, ^61,
^:<, ^3f3, ^3T3B, ^N3B, Â<, 8Y. 736 Na[*
9: & ^ TS UA< 3T3B.
7a: S- \d|3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. l lr., lr<, ly:, l:<,
l:3B, l3T, 8Y. 736 Na[* 9: & l TS UA< 3T3B.
7a: T- \d|3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. ==f., =f3, =^3,
=:<, =C5, =A<, =N3B, =3T3B, =T3B, =3>5,
=>5. 8Y. 736 Na[* 9: & = TS UA< 3T3B.
7a: UB- Nh3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. 8< 8< '<, 8< r<, 8< r.,
8< T3B, 8< ., 8< D<, 8< EH, 8< C5, 8Y. 736 Na[* 9: &
8< TS UA< 3T3B.
7a: A- \d|3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. E \~ET x , $OET Q ,
.mET _ , <jET x , .*ET, ]LET _ , 8Y. 736 Na[* 9: &
E TS UA< 3T3B.
7a: -VW Nh3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. ' E, ', i, ', RR`',
oo5 ', /< ', 5. ', @. ', \9. ', 8Y. 736 Na[*
9: & ' Nh3 RS UA< 3T3B.
xxi
7a: -XY Nh3 RS Na[* :Y uC5. rz irz, Erz, 7rz,
5. rz, /< rz, \O. rz, @. rz, \9G. rz, NLG. & rz,
?J R. rz, 9J . rz, k34. rz, ~4. rz, 8Y. Na[*
9: & rz Nh3 RS UA< 3T3B.
7a: Z[- 8$ Nh3 R[ =C~[* 8Y. UA< Z6(we. 8$ N;CTS x
7a<| k u> ?3T3B:
!" #$ !" %&' ( )*+ ,-! .
RR` ?V. g nH r. (nH-@-L.)
;N y?+ .jN
?|5 ?V. g nH T5 (nH-@-\5)
?R y?+ .j
oo5 ?V. g nH r3 (nH-@-L)
m y?+ .j
_41 ?V. g nH > (nH-@-8)
hX y?+ .jX
_415 ?V. g nH >5 (nH-@-85)
7D y?+ .jb
L< (5<) ?V. g nH r< (nH-@-L<)
\TN y?+ .j*
/< (<) ?V. g nH '< (nH-@-"<)
=D y?+ .jD
\$ ?V. g nH T (nH-@-\)
\! y?+ .>3!
\, ?V. g nH T3B (nH-@-\3B)
\z y?+ .jc

7a: 8Y. %$ +< Nh3 :Y u> =C~[* Z6(we.
RR` -r.
oo5 -f3
?|5 -T5
_41 ->
_415 ->5
h< / 5< -r<
F< / /< -'<
8$ / \$ -T
8, / \,
nH-
>. -
b-u-
cc-E-
&O-E-
TA<--
4AH--
Ce-u-
-T3B

co ce_- s-
Gondi - English Hindi Telugu 1

c

co [a3ce] n. small basket. D<_ no..
coeo o` [a3-it r(j] n. that day.
coe [a3-#] adv. on that day.
coc' [and$n] n. gift (of cattle such as
cows, goats or buffaloes) for marriage
usually from the bride's parents to the
couple. co ccC Doc:' co ,
co -cs c' coc' =oc. It is
called * when a father and mother give
goats and cows to their daughter (for
marriage). ooc soaoas: =_
csc<: ,cLyc<: se_c: coeoa.
See: cc.
coc- [and-] vt. to reach. coccc:.
coc oC [andr#yl] adj. night-blind.
<o_s c``_ c' coc oC =oc. He
who cannot see at night is called *.
oO .ye s.oc co oDse coa
coeoa. See: ccoc C.
cocc [a;ba1i] n. rosella.
cs:o`s (-cc-) [akurp(k (-mahin)]
n. month 6 of the Gond year (August-
September).
cs_C [akkl] n. wisdom. 4 @.

cs`_ [akk(] n. maternal grandfather.
coo_.
cs [akr] num. eleven. |1(. .csòc:.
cs_co/ [aks#d*g] n. rice mixed with
vermilion thrown at a wedding, or on
cattle (e.g. during 'laxmi pooja') in
order to bless. co _ cocc -D ,-L -
^D cs_co/ ceoc. Everyone
throws rice on the bride and groom in
the wedding shelter. .oc .ococ'
Lc:, Loacs: c;occ: c` oa.
cneC [aga-al] n. someone (nm.) or
something from there. cs_c<:oc .
cn [agga] adv-ppn. there. (|. cs_c.
cne` [ag-(r] n. man from there. c
co <C cne`. This man is from
there. e cc cs_c coa.
c [a*&] n. elder brother's wife. Lc<.
ccoc C [achandral] adj. night-blind.
oDse co<. See: coc oC.
c`_ [acc(r] pron. that much, that many
(nm.). coc .
c`_c o``` [acc(/ ropp(] adv.
meanwhile.
cD_ [acv#r] pron. that many (m.).
cc-c:c [aja/-buja/]
See: sc:s- sc:s.
cs [aj$k] adv. even now.
cc- [a--] vt. to cook. Loc:e.
ce_C o [a-val y&r] vc. water for
cooking. 1P||.
ce o [a-t y&r] n. boiled (cooked)
water. ne` ce' c- o oa' ceoc.
To cook food we boil water. c<_c:
Loc:es: e Jôa .e: coa.
ce_C o`' [a-val r(n] n. cooking house.
Loec.
ce_-s- [a-k#-k#-] vt. to hang. |"|.
ce 0 cL_C
2 Gondi - English Hindi Telugu
ce 0 [a--&cl#s] num. forty-eight.
Hs3|H|P.
ce ò [a--&st] num. sixty-eight. HsP.
ce oo [a--&hatar] num. seventy-eight.
H(d1.
ce L' [a-thvan] num. fifty-eight.
H |. oc JDc.
ce D [a-thv#s] num. twenty-eight.
H |(P.
ce_-L [a-ynov] num. ninety-eight.
H | .
ce__ [a-yns#] num. eighty-eight.
H |P|.
ce [a-r] num. eighteen. H|1(.
cco [a/;] n. shelter. Hs.
cc [a1ic] ooc:<_o.
cc:`c [a1us-] See: ce ò. num. sixty-
eight. HsP.
cc O [a1et#s] num. thirty-eight. Hs3|P.
cc o [a//am] adv. across. ccc:n.
ô o ``-_s oo cc o co. While
going on the road, a snake came
across. c` Lc' <c:^: cv_on `c:
cc o LD_oc .
cc:_e_C [a1mu-yl] adj. foolish. d4 @ .
cc ' c [ad&n m(1i] adjl. like that,
similar to that. 3P 31(. ccoec .
cc [ad] pron. she, it, that (nm.).
cc' c- [ad&n lsi] corr. therefore. 3P
H .
cc cc- oc_ [admad-rtne] n.
midnight. Hd 1|3. co oO .
cc_- [adma-] vt. to press, squeeze. d4||.
cc [adl#] n. a measure. cs.
c [an#] conj. and. H1.
c' [an] num. JDc.
c_ [annis] num. J<:cc.
c-_' [anmn] n. hesitation. c<:c<o.
c. -c- [ap-& -m-] vi. to hit against.
c` [app] .c:-Dc.
cc_ [abb] int. oh! (expression of
surprise). H1 ! cc_.
co< [ayina] n. the day after the marriage
day.
co< L [ayina jva] n. porridge
which is made on the first day after
marriage and given to the 'avval'
goddess.
co [ay(] int. expression of surprise, hurt
or displeasure, ouch!
co c [ayt vr] n. Sunday. 1|1.
cccoc:.
co_ [ayy(] int. oh no! (expression of
disappointment). co_.
coC [ar#l] n. chest. P d4 . o`c:, O.
co-``' - [ar#-sond-] vt. to take away, take
with. Usage: archaic.
co-c- [ar#-v-] vt. to bring. H||.
Usage: archaic.
co-s:e [ar&-ku--a] n. spoke of a wheel.
c- [ar-] vi. to fall. "1|. soc co_
coc`. The boy is falling. cc:c:
.c:oa-_c:.
co- [ar$s-] vc. to cause to fall.
c - [arg-] vi. to melt, dissolve, wear out.
H|.
co [arta] .c c.
co` [art(r] .c c:.
c [art] n. meaning. P3H4. co c:.
co` [ardo] adjl. half. H|. ^nc:.
cco [alam] n. ginger. cco nc .
cccc [alav-] n. habit, custom. Hd3.
ccce:.
cC - [alj-] vi. to lean against.
cc [all&] clitic. reportative.
cD- [av#-] vi. to be tired. 4|.
cL [av] pron. they, those (nm.). cD.
cL_C
1
[avval] n. mother. o0 , cc.
cL_C-cc' [avval-bb(] n. parents,
father and mother (pl.).
cL_C
2
[avval] n. the mother god, smallpox
goddess. ``cc cLo. co _< co<
L so cL_ `-o cL_C . ' cn
coc. At the beginning of a wedding,
c- cs - c-
for doing pooja, the beat drums and go
to the * goddess place (temple). .oc
.y ocs ``cc cLo cn o
c coOcc` cv:_coa. It is
believed that this goddess inflicts
smallpox, chickenpox or other similar
'spotty' diseases on people.
c- [as#] num. eighty. H1 P|. J' c .
c-_ [ask&] adv. then. 34. c._c:.
c_- [ask-] vt. to cut, carve, cut throat (as
in sacrifice). 4||.

c^ o -so [ast$r#-key] n. palm of hand.
c^ o-sC [ast$r#-kl] n. sole of foot.
74 P|.
c- [asl#] adj. good. H U|. cocc:.
c`_C [assl] adj. good. H U|. cocc<.
co' [ahan] advl. in that way, thus.
cc [ah&r] n. gift (of things excluding
cattle, such as clothes and household
items) for weddings or housewarming
ceremonies. c:e C coc:s, co _' n
-D -, -L - co cc' s. o/
cc soc. Family members, during
marriage give the brides and grooms
gifts of clothes. c:e c:, coc:Lyc:
.oc c' Loac:,Lc:Ly o0 , coc: cs:
ce c: se_c: ` oa. See: coc'.
cL_-
1
[ahc-] vt. to push or shove.
cL_-
2
[ahc-] n. to make a thumb
impression.

c

c- [-] vi. to become, happen, be (by
nature).
coo [nta] adjl. to be enough, sufficient,
ample. c:.
con:' so C [ngun kh-al] n. lazy
man. See: c o`_C.

con [*g1&] n. shirt. con, `s_.
co- [3j-] vt. to catch. 4s|.
coc [ndr] n. Andhra. coc .
csc [kada] n. alphabet. coc:.
csc [k1i] n. a festival held in July.
.oc:n .oa.
csc (-cc-) [k1i (-mahin)] n.
month 4 of the Gond year (June-July).
c`co (c).
cs [ki] n. leaf. d|. cs:.
cs-. ' [ki-p&n] n. one of the Gond
gods, the that stays in the centre of a
village. nccLo , ``cc.
cso [k#ri] adj. in the end, finishing. H 3 P .
DLo .
csc [k$1] adj. short.
csc-c- [k$1--] vi. to be insufficient
to wear.
cs -c-
1
[k1&-m-] vi. to shrink (as in
cloth).
cs -c-
2
[k1&-m-] vi. to become numb
from cold.
c/- co
c/- [g-] vi. to stop, stand. 1|4|. cnoc .
c [*#] See: con .
ccc ` ' [*$1as-n] n. ritual bath.
c c:c [*du/#] n. bathroom. `_<c:
nc .
c o`_C [*rsyl] n. lazy man.
See: con:' so C.
c-D [cr-vicr] n. religious
observances (pl.).
c- [c-] vt. to choose.
c`< eC [conga-al] n. choose from
these. |.
c [j#] n. father's mother. -<c.
ce-`- [--p-] vt. to twist something.
7|. -co s` so ceòc. We
twist the rope to make reigns. c c:<:
.n o o:es: cc: coa.
ce -`- [-i-p-] vt. to strangle something
(the way a constricting snake kills its
prey).
ce -c- [-&-m-] vi. to evaporate, to dry
up (river, etc). Joc``Lcc:.
ceo [-&r] n. attic, store area above
rafters of house, loft. ce:s:. oòn,
c:c o/- c:c o/ `ò` =o ceo soc.
In order to put pots and things up, * is
made in the house. =oe `c<:
eoc:es: =oe` ce:s: oooa ` oa.
cc [-] num. eight. H. JDc.
cc [/] n. oath.
cc-.- [/ -piy-] vi. to take oath. PP
||. c_ sò o/ sc_s =o cc
.ooO. Take an oath if you say you
didn't steal the money. Ly cc:_c:
cono<c: occ ee:
O^:sòec.
cc [/&] n. main horizontal wooden beam
to support the roof of a dwelling. o`'
cô/ cocC oocC ò' è cc
s e ceoc. A main beam is put up so
that the rafters can be nailed to both
sides. =oe c`c: =e: ce: sè: es:
cc se Jno oooa ` oa.
cc- [/-] vi. to cry, weep. 1||. Lc:_e.
c cc_ coo. The baby is crying.
`. Lc:_^ oc .
cc cc_ [1m1s(] n. husband and wife.
co_ co .
cc_-``'- [/v-son-] vi. to go and fetch
the bride for the wedding ceremony
(lit. don't cry and go).
ccL [tp] adjl. dark. H 1.
ccC [tl] adj. of that kind (nm.).
ce:Loec .

cO [t#] n. father's sister, mother's
brother's wife. co c.
cc` [t(r] adj. of that kind (m.).
cco [dat] See: cccc.
c<oc _-c<oc [na3dn&-na3d] advl.
with great pleasure. ôc`co. c:cs
soc s:' s_ LC c`c_ oc s
c<oc _- c<oc coc. Little children
are so pleased when a playing doll is
brought. D<_.c cs: ceccoc:
c`cc: c- c c<oc .c:coa.
c.y- [p$s-] vt. to stop. 1|4|.
c.cc:.
c. [p&] adv. with that.
cL [p] clitic. like, in the manner.
cc: [mus] See: cLy.
cL [mt] cL_oc .
co [yar] adj. it is enough, (no more!).
4|9|. c:.
co [yi] clitic. even, also. H|. <<_ D'_
co, ^Do/ co, O' c`'. Even eggs
co ='-
(and) even meat I eat. -<: .c:, s
co^c:, s Ooe<:.
co [r$] n. iron spike at the end of a
driving stick.
co-c c [r$-be//&] n. stick with an
iron spike, goad.
co- [r$s-] vt. to cool.
c- [r-] vi. to become cool, quench thirst.
cc ooc .
co [rti] n. a plate with a burning oil lamp
that contains copper coins, betel nuts,
dried coconut kernel, etc offered at the
time of settling a marriage.
co_ [rs] n. mirror. d . cc c:.
c0 (co ) [l# (marr)] n. peepal tree. s.
oD (e: ).
cc [l$] n. potato. HH . cc: nc .
cc_o [lmri] n. almirah, metal cupboard.
cco .
cc [vj] n. sound. H|H. c c:.
cco [vr] n. fence or compound.
cLy [vus] n. new moon. co_o eoc
`s cLy coo. The new moon
comes once monthly. -cs: esò
ccc^_ L^: oc .
cLy^:' -e [avusun n&-i] advl. on the
day of the new moon.
cLys [v$k] n. life. H|.
cL- [v-] vt. to cross.
cD -s-
1
[vr#-k#-] vt. to embrace.
cD -s-
2
[vr# -k#-] vt. to tie down.
c-s- [4-k#-] vi. to hope.
cô [sara] ôoo.
c^:_c [sku1] n. axle. =oa_.

=

=os [i*k&] adv. right now. =._c.
=on:L [ingum] n. kind of round tablet fed
to animals during monsoon. =on:L.
=o [in=j&r] attr. therefore. H3.
=n [igg&] adv. here. =s_c.
=n eC [igg&-al] n. someone (nm.) or
something from here. =s_c <:oc .
= [i*&] adv. now. =._c:.
=-s- [ic-k#-] vt. to desire.
=c:_s [iccuk] advl. a little. sòo.
=`_ [icc(r] pron. this much, this many
(nm.). =oo.
=D_ [icv#r] pron. this many (m.).
=c- [i--] vt. to touch. U |. c:e: e.
=e_ [i-k&] n. brick. =e:s. o`L_, n`co/,
eoc cc oos <o/ co' è c`co
=e_ soc. In order to make houses,
walls and many structures, clay/mud
bricks are used. =oc: n`cc: se: es:
ce c` =e:sc<: oooa ` oa.
=c C s - [ittl k#-] vt. to announce, make
known.
=c s [ittek&] ppt. (PPt of 'to say' used to
mark topic or quotation) if-say'. coe.
c oo/ -c` =c s ``cc`. He said
bad things (swore?) and went away.
co< Oe -c: coe c0_-c:.
=c' c [id&n m(1i] adjl. like this,
similar to this. P 31(. =coec .
=c [id] pron. she, it, this (n). =c.
=c' c- [id&n lsi] corr. therefore. P
H . c sòs:.
=c [idd&] vt. (here) take this. O^:s`.
='- [in-] vt. to say. 4(|. c<:_.
='- [in-] vt. to say. 4(|. See: Lc_- ;
cL- .
=ooc ee - s-
=ooc [iya3d] adv. this year. e
ôLo_oc:.
=- [ir-] vt. to put, keep. eoc:.
= (co ) [irp (marr)] n. gul-mahua
tree. s. =._ ( e: ). bassia longifolia.
=L [iv] pron. these (nm.). =D.

=D_ [ivv#r] pron. these two men.
=`` [is(b] n. counting. "|. cs_.
=``c _ [is(bne] adv. carefully. 1|(.
=^: n:oc [isrugundi] adj. smallest. coco
soe D<_cc:.
=c' [ihin] advl. thus, in this way.
=c' co' [ihin bahan] adv. how so?

e

e- [#c-] vt. to blow nose.
eco/ [#t*g] adj. of this kind (nm., pl.).
ecC [#tl] adjl. like this, such a, of this
kind (nm.). =e:Loec . co <0
O<_C ecC DcC .-_ co. People
don't eat green frogs like this.
c<Lyc: O- s._ cs:.c_ s._sc:.
ec` [#t(r] adj. of this kind (m.).
e. [#p&] adv. with this.
e- [#r-] vi. to accumulate.
e` [#s] n. part, piece. H|". cnc:.
eò/-cc- [#s*g-v--] vt. to split up,
divide. cnc: o:e.
e^:C [#sul] n. flying ant. e^:c: .

e

eoc [u3/&] attr. and, also. H1. coc.
eoc-co [u3/&-marla] advl. once
again.
eoc [undi] num. one (nm.). ese .
eoc `s [undi j(ka] adv. once. es_ ò.
es [uk1&] n. sweat. P||. ce.
es -c- [uk1&-my-] vi. to sweat. P||.
enc -s- [uga1#-k#-] vt. to found, begin,
start, open.
en -c- [ugr&-my-] vi. to melt.
sC- coco/ en- cooo/. the hail
melted. Lccoc: soan:co.
e- [u*-] vt. to swing a cradle. s|H|.
ec_e [ucc$-#] n. date palm. o oc:.
e -c- [uj1&-m-] vi. to dawn.
eec [u-1] n. camel. 3 . eoe.
ee -s- [u-#-k#-] vt. to clean.
ec - eL_-
ec - [u/#-] vt. to spit something out (like
seeds from fruit etc.), let fall from
mouth. 4|.
ec-s- [u/#-k#-] vt. to strike a target
(with a bullet, stone, marble).
eco [u1$;] n. a white, large, tick found
mainly on cattle.
ec-
1
[u1-] vt. to comb (hair). o Dc_
soc- .s<o/ oc o/ ecooo/. After
bathing boys and girls comb their hair
(lit. head). `_<o ooD .c c oc
c` oa. See: son_.
ec-
2
[u1-] vt. to plough. H|3|. cc
-o c ecoc. The plough ploughs
the field. -n0c` <:<: c:<:_coa.
ec_- [u1k-] vt. to urinate.
ec- [u1p-] vt. to scrape up.
ec [utr] n. mountain path, steep
downward slope.
ec [udr] n. to have something on
credit. ec o.
ec- [ud-] vt. to sit, take place. 4 |. so`_.
soc cc eD_ coc. The boys are
sitting on the ground. .c c: s oc
so`_ e-_oa.
ec:- [udus-] vc. to seat.
ec [udri] n. white ant. oo_, cs_o/
c<_C .yOo c ec cocoo. White
ants live in the places (anthills) where
snakes and lizards live. `c:c:,
còcc: eoc .ye c' cc: eoeo.
e'- [un-] vi, vt. to drink, smoke (cigarette).
||, H|. c n:. .o_ c:oc n `C
eoe. The calf is drinking milk from
the cow. cc cLy cn o `c:
c n:oaoc .
eoc< [un/ana] vt. drink (in the
infinitive form). ||. c n:.
soc- .so/ ^s `C eoc<. Boys
and girls [should] drink milk in the
morning. .c c: `` c: < `c: c n0.
e-_c [unn(/] n. the hot season,
summer. Jocsco. See: oc - nc:o.
e.y- [upus-] vc. to seat, put sitting.
e``_/ [upy(g] n. use. |". e.ono.
eO-s- [ubr#-k#-] vt. to discard liquid (by
pushing over container).
ec [umar] Lo^:_.
eL- [um-] vt. to pull, drag. | |. soc
-co ec_ coc. The children are
pulling the rope. .c c: cc:<:
n:ooa-_oa.
eo_-c- [uysr -] vi. to become
active.
eoao/- [uru*g-] vt. to break off.
eoo [ur$;] n. scaly pangolin, iguana,
ant-eater. scc , .yO ' n, cos <o/
cc ' n, eoos cocooo/. The *
lives in fields, anthills and hollow
trees. ccDc', .ye cc' e cè cc'
ec:c:c: eoeo.
eo- [ur$s-] vt. to break, or snap. 3|s|.
e- [ur-] vi. to be caught (in a trap) usually
by the neck.
e_- [urs-] vt. to plant, place, put, set up.
1||.
e_ cC [ursvl] n. transplanting.
e0 [ulli] n. onion. e0 nc .
e-o_ (co ) [us#rk (marr)] n. kind of
tree (the roots of which are used for
curing snake bite).
e--s- [us#r-k#-] vi. to be late.
e^:L- [usum-] vt. to wipe away, dust off.
|U|.
e- [us-] vt. pound, crush. =L o`sc
Loao/ e-_ cooo/. They are
pounding grain with a pounding stick.
Doa o`s0c` Lc: coc:oa-_oa.
e-_ [usk&] n. sand. 4|H .
e_- [usk-] vi. to spit. 4|.
eL- [uh-] vc. to cause to drink, water
(animals).
eL_- [uhk-] vt. to blow (horn).
eL_- Js_' ô
eL_- [uhc-] vt. to lean heavily on a stick
as an old man does.

e

eo/- [$*g-] vt. to swing. s|H|.
eo [$nc] See: ec.
eoc- [$nd-] vt. to snatch something
away. ||.

esc [$ka1] n. swing, cradle. eo_c.
ec [$ca] n. height.
e [$c] n. spittle. 4. eD.
e coc [$c /&3/&] n. sugar cane. (4.
eec [$-e1a] n. a pre-marriage ceremony
where turmeric is applied to the bride
and groom. Lc:Loacs: o- .^:.y
.oc .
eO [$t#] n. quail. .yoc:.e . cL c-, cc
c^ o c0' n, eOo/ cocooo/. In
rivers, where there is much
growth/greenery, quails live.
cn:c'n, ccoo `òscc' n
.yoc: .e c: cn eoeo.
eo- [$t-] vt. to suck. P|.
eL- [$m-] See: eL- .
eoc [$yil] Lsoc:.
e [$r] pron. they, those (m.). coa.
eo [$ra] pron. their (dist.). coc .
eC [$l] n. urine. co c:, ec_.
e^ [$sa] n. flood. 3 9|. Loc. cn .
ccs cL coa' e^ coo. The river
gets flooded after much rain. .c c<
.cc cn:<:-cn: `ònoc coeoa.
e-
1
[$s-] vi. to boil over while cooking.
e-
2
[$s-] vt. to smear floor with cow
dung solution.
e- (.e ) [$sr# (pi--&)] n. kind of bird. H|.
<c .e .

J

Jsoc [ekanda] Variant: osoc . corr. if.
H"1.
Js c [ek c1] num. forty-one. 43|H|P.
Js `c [ek s-] num. sixty-one. 4P.
Js_ [ekk$nis] num. nineteen. 3= |P.
Js_' c_ [ekk$n ans#] num. seventy-
nine. 3= |P|.
Js_' 0 [ekk$n cl#s] num. thirty-
nine. 33|H|P.
Js_' O [ekk$n t#s] num. twenty-nine.
33|P.
Js_' -L_c [ekk$n novvad] num.
eighty-nine. |P|.
Js_' .-_ [ekk$n panns] num.
forty-nine. 3|P.
Js_' ô [ekk$n sattar] num. sixty-
nine. 3(d1.
Js_' `c sc-
Js_' `c [ekk$n s-] num. fifty-nine.
3P.
Js_ c_ [ekk& ans#] num. eighty-one.
4 |P|.
Js_ D [ekk& v#s] num. twenty-one.
4 4|P.
Js_c' [ekk&vn] num. fifty-one. 4 |.
Js_o [ekyattar] num. seventy-one.
4(d1.
Js_ -L [eky nov] num. ninety-one.
4 |.
JO [ett#s] num. thirty-one. 4d|P.
Jo_ [erce] cceso.

s

son_ [ka*gv] n. comb. c:c_<. See: ec- .
soe s`c [ka3ju-i k(l] See: -cc.
so_- [kan=jk-] vi. to dream. sc.
ss- [kak-] vi. to vomit.
ss o [kakrn=j] n. kind of partridge.
ss (.e ) [kakrnj (pi--&)] n. kind of bird.
sc: c (.e ).
s- [kac-] vt. to hold between teeth.
sc_c [kack$1] n. flat pan for bread
making. ôoc:.
sD_ [kacci] n. iron, steel, sword. H|(|.
=<:c:. sD_ c:s' oo/ so ô/,
`_ so' è sD_ oooc. We
bring iron from the iron shops to make
plough tips and blades. =<:c:
c:scc:c' so sòs: =<:c:
O^:s:oeoa.
sD_-D- [kacci-v#si] n. large green fly.
sD_-e:s [kacci--uk/e] n. steel piece
used with flint.
sD_-cD [kacci-tvi] n. cast iron frying
pan. =<:. .<o.
sc:_o [kaccuri] n. office. c,^:,
so_coc:.
s -sc [kac1-k/i] n. rubbish, waste,
litter, trash. 41|. o coc:.
se' [ka-in] adj. difficult. P ? 4H. sc o.
seC [ka-$l] n. bed, cot. H ". cocc:.
se`cC [ka-(1l] n. clan priest.
se`c [ka-(1e] n. priest's wife.
sc [ka-] n. spleen.
sc- [ka--] 1) vt. to meet. PH|. 2) to join.
se [ka--] n. embankment, dam. o
c.y^' è cL cc se cooc. In
order to stop the water an
embankment/dam is built in the river.
e c.yes: cn:s: cc o se
se: coa. See: sòc- s- .
se oC (oo) [ka--iyl (tars)] n. kind
of snake with stripes over the body.
se c (D') [ka--$1# (m#n)] n. kind of
fish. c .
se [ka--&] n. stick (for firewood etc.). se .
se c -c- [ka--&1&-m-] vi. be exhausted,
tired.
se <- [ka--& n$si] n. woodworm.
sc [ka1] See: c.
scs [ka1k] See: cs.
sc - [ka1i-] vi. to become rotten,
decompose, to go off.
sc [ka1#] n. curry made with ground
channa.
sc- [ka/$s-] vc. to cause to rot.
sc [ka/&] n. handle (round, usually
attached to large cooking vessels).
sc [ka1] n. eye. H . s<:_.
sc-sòc [ka1-ko3/] n. eyebrow. s<:_
c`c.
sc- [ka1-] 1) vi. to go through narrow
space. 2)
sc_ so
vt. to thread a needle.
sc_ [ka1c] n. stick twisted in rope or
string for bringing two things together
(for example in tightening a drum).
sc_ [ka1b] n. dried stalks of millet, etc
used as fodder. `._.
sc_c_ [ka1v&1c#] adv. in the light, broad
daylight. |d|.
soL-s- [katam-k#-] vt. to kill. P|1|.
co.ye. See: L_- ; o- .
sc o [katter] n. scissors. 4 |. sc o.
sc [kadd#] adv. whenever. H44.
J._c-.
s. [kap1#] n. cloth (as in clothes to wear).
4s|. ce , Do.
s. [kappar] n. forehead. P||. <:c:oa.
s. (.e ) [kapp& (pi--&)] n. kind of bird.
H|. .;.oa.
sc:s-sc:s [kabuk-kibuk] advl. here and
there.
sc -c- [kable-m-] vt. to agree. 44 H|.
e._s`Lco.
sc-.e [kamar-pa--] n. rainbow. 5
. =oc c<:^:_.
sc_ [kamka] n. turmeric. .^:.y.
s<_ooC [kank$r#yl] adj. yellow.
|H|.
sc_o-s- [kammay-k#-] vt. to earn.
4P||.
sD_ [kammi] n. deficiency, want of
money. os:_L.
so (co ) [kay$r (marr)] n. kind of
tree. s.

so_ [kayser] n. broom. D.yoa. o`' -o
c.o/ oc_o/ -o so_ so -oo. A
broom is used to clean the house,
porch and courtyard. =c: ec
.oac:es: D.yoa .s L^: oc .
so_-c [kayser-j1i] n. kind of
grass used for brooms. cc c:o-,
so_- c .ooo. On the boundary
of fields * grass grows (lit. appears, or
comes up). <:c' (D.yoa)nc c
.oan:oaoc .
soonc [kara*g1#] n. metal pin or bolt
fitted to a cart to prevent the axle
slipping. s^c c^:_c:'
cocs- oocs cc_ -o Ls,
soonco/ côc. To prevent
slipping bolts are fitted to the sides of
the cart's axle. Jc coc ce: =e:
Ooans:oc =oa_<: se: coa.
soc-s-soC [karal&-k#-karal] n. to be true
or not, to question the truth.
c^ Lc<.
soC [karal] c:.
soo [kariy] n. bud of flower.
so- [kar#-] vt. to learn. P||, P||.
-oa_s`. <<_ =os sòo/ so-
coc`'. Now I am learning Gondi.
HH| P "|s| P| 1(| (
-<: =._c: nòc

cc -oa_s:oe:-_<:.
so- [kar$s-] vc. to teach. ||. c
c' so.y_e soa- coc`. He is
teaching them computing. co<
ccs: so.y_e -oa_oa-_c:.
soa- [karu-] vi. to be burnt. HH||.
cc``.
soao [karum] adv-ppn. near. Hd|4. cn o.
soa' s:Lo [karunkuvari] n. unmarried
person (bachelor, spinster). 4= |.
See: ecC; ec.
so [kar$] n. hunger. H . cs0.
s L` [kar vast] hunger strikes. cc
so scs co s Lôo. Having
worked in the fields one gets very
hungry. <:c' .- c
csc^: oc .
so [kar$j] n. itch. na .
soL - sD 0o (co )
soL - [kar$mn&r] n. neighbours.
cn ocoa.
sooc [karent] n. electricity, power.
Dc:_oa .
so-c- [kar&-m-] vi. to be known,
understood. cc:^:.
s s`c [kark(/] n. plane. Dc<o.
s - [karst#] n. game, match. ce. c_
-_ `s`c scc s - Your game of
'kabadi' was good. Ly <_ c
coDn scc cc-Ly.
so_e [kark-] n. scraps of food left on a
plate for several days (get stuck on and
dry). ne` Oo cc -o_s =o s so_e
.ooo. After eating food if the plate
is unwashed the dried scraps get stuck.
c<_c: O .v o sc:s ``c .c o
`cLyoaoc.
so [karja] n. debt, loan. 4H . c._.
See: cs.
so` c [kard(/] n. ornamental belt. n:`c_
<con ;:on:s co' è so` c
cooc. In order to tie bells, the
'gusadi' dancers tie an ornamental belt
on their waist. n:`_c coa n c: se:
s`ccs <c:c:s: cc c: se:
s:oeoa.
so_c [karn-] n. kind of stringed
instrument. sò oa so_c -s:^
.ooc. Only the Gond people play
the *. nòc_ co c so_c c- ônoo
coc_o co` oa.
so [karp] n. flock of birds. H|| 4|
$s. .e c n:o.y.
so_ [karbuja] n. watermelon. .yc_
so.
so_ [karb$j] n. watermelon. so_.
so_ [karsa] n. expenditure. soa_c:.
s_- [kars-] vi, vt. to play. H|. cc:e.
D oc: so_ coc. They are
playing [with the] ball. Doa coO
cc:c:-_oa.
-s-s_- [sikr-kars-] vt. to hunt
(game).
sC [kal] n. liquor, wine. òo.
scc [kal1#] n. winemaker. scc
-oc o, ccco o sC oooc`. The
winemaker taps liquor from the 'sindi'
and 'tadita' trees. nc: eo e: , cc
e: <:oc sc: coc:cc:.
sC- [kal-] vt. to steal. 1||.
sc [kalle] n. thief. |1. con. sò o/ co
``-, eoc coo n sc s sc =oc. A
thief is someone who steals money,
gold and other things. cc:_c: s
conoo, =oo L^: Lyc<: con0- con
coc:oa.
sc [kalt] adj. stolen.
sC-coc [kal-ba3/] n. hail stone.
See: n- coc.
sc -s- [kall-k#-] vi. to shout. $~ H||.
See: c'0 - s- .
s0 - [kall#-] vt. to embrace, greet.
sLy- [kav$s-] vc. to cause to laugh.
<Ly_e.
sL- [kav-] vt. to laugh. (P|. <Ly_. soc
sLoc. The boys are laughing. .c c:
<Ly_coa.
sc (co ) [kav- (marr)] n. kind of tree.
feronia elephantum.
sD 0o (co ) [kav1# li; (marr)] n. a
variety of margosa the leaves and the
bark of which are used in medicine.
c. (e: ).
sè sc

sè [kas-#] n. brass animal bell. noe.
sòc' `òo ò s-s (â s-s ) nè c
sèo/ cooc. During month 5
(July-August), having prepared, we tie
bells on the necks of bullocks. Jc
ccc' n c: ``cc .oc:n o`
se: coa. See: e.y.
sô [kas$;] adjl. straight (down).
c'oa.
s_- [kask-] vt. to bite, sting.
s` [kasr] .n c:.
s`_ [kass] n. deep pool. See: c.
sL- [kah-] vt. to calculate, count,
measure. cs_oc:e. cOo ``c s
sò o/ -o. sooc. Having been
given money, labourers count (it)
while going. s0s cv:_c cc:_c:
=D_< ooaco cs_ .e: coa.
so [k;] n. work. 4|P. ..
so-coc [k;-dand] n. work. 4|P.
sc_ [kmna] adj. important, crucial,
useful. P(c c .
so c- [k; ar-] vt. to be used (or be
useful) for.
so -- [k; s#-] vt. to be used (or be
useful) for.
so c- [k; vy] vt. to be used (or be
useful) for.
sc:' o``` oo- [km$n ropp( y&t-
] vt. to make use of.
so- [kn=j-] vt. to shoulder, carry on
shoulder. -o o/ ._o/ soa_ coc.
They carry (take and go) the plough
and ropes on their shoulder. co_s:
cv:_ se O^:sv:_coa.
soc [k3/i] n. boy. 4|H4. cc:c:,
s:coac:, .c cc:.
soO [knt#] n. twig. s`c. co o soOo/
cs_ os_ cooo/. The twigs of a tree
go this way and that way. e: s`cc:
ce: =e: cv:_co.
ssc [kka1] n. crow. 4||. ss.
ssC [kkl] n. father's younger brother,
mother's younger sister's husband.
sso_, D<_-<_.
ss [kk#] n. father's younger brother's
wife, mother's younger sister.
D<_c. See: ooC.
ss` [kk(] n. mother's mother. ccc.
ss [kk] n. side. H1.
-c:o/ ss [nl$*g kk] adv. on (all)
four sides.
ss [kk1&] n. cucumber. |1|. c^so.
cucumis melo-utilissimus.
s-
1
[kc-] vt. to dig, bore. |d|. oL_co.
D co <0 cc o/ s_ coc.
The men are digging holes. Doa
c<:cac: nòac: o Ly_c:-_oa.
s-
2
[kc-] vt. to string (as beads,
flowers).
sc [kj$/i] n. eye colour. se:s.
sc c- [kj$/i dos-] vi. to put on
eye colour. .so/ cos sc s:'
sc côoo/. Girls and ladies put
on eye colour (mascara) on their eyes.
ccc: sv_c' se:s .e: coa.
se
1
[k-] n. sting of the bee.
se
2
[k-] n. 1) pointer (of weighing
scales). 2) hand of watch.
se [k-#] n. a decorated ritual bamboo
pole used during worship of the great
god.
sc [k-] n. hem of cloth. s. oa',
cc oa', c:on oa' sc cocoo.
Clothes, 'dhoti', and 'lungis' have a
scC s^
hem. ce cs:, coacs:,c:oncs:,
coc: eoe:oc .

scC [k/al] n. bee hive (nest). c -oe: .
scC-D- [k/al-v#s#] n. bee that lives in
the bee hive (nest). c-en, oacc.
scC-o [k/al-niy] n. honey. H(d.
sc-s [k/i-kac1] See: s - sc.
sc
1
[k/#] n. dried stalk (waste).
sc
2
[k1#] n. thin spoke of wheel (cycle).
scC [k/&l] n. tear. H P . s_v:.
-sc_ [- k/k#] conj. because (used after a
past adj ). 4 |4. sòs:.
sO-s- [ktr#-k#-] vt. to cut with teeth or
scissors. 4||. sOooc:e.
s- c`c [knr t(1#] n. dark (black) soil
- ideal for growing cotton. <c ce .
s.y [kpus] n. cotton. F(. .O .
s. [kp&] n. shell of a mahua flower.
so [kya] n. unripe fruit. so. co_
co c soo/ cooo/. There is
unripe fruit in the mango tree. cDc
e: cn o soc: eoeo.
so ec- [kr ud-] vt. to hatch (eggs).
so-.c [kri-pette] n. black ant. <c Dc.
so [kr#] adjl. black. 4|H|. <c:.y.
sooC [kriyl] adj. blackish. 4|H|.
<c:.yn.
soa' [krun] sosoc, c-c:.
so [kr&] n. small louse.
soc [kr&l] n. the gourd Balsam pear.
sso so. momordica charantia.
s- [kr-] vt. to hatch.
so (-cc-) [krti (-mahin)] n. month
8 of the Gond year (October-
November). so so.
so_o [krvyi] n. planning. so_c:.
sC [kl] n. leg. |". sv:_.
sC_ - [klkn&] advl. on foot.
sC-Lc [kl-va//] advl. north (in
ceremonies), direction of feet.
sC_-c- [kalk-ar-] vi. to prostrate
oneself.
sC_-s- [kalk-k&r-] vi. to worship (by
folding hands and touching forehead).
o` o oaon_ ^s cco' sC
sooc. Daily, after bathing in the
morning, we worship the [God of the]
earth. o` `_<o - `` c: <
ccos: coco .e: coa.
sLc [kva1] n. door made of wood.
d1|H|. oc:.y. See: ee.
sc [kv-] n. end of a sword.

sD [kv1#] n. carrying yoke with slings at
each end for carrying things. ô_'
ccC n:c - n:c ' sD ' n e.y--
sc cc`. Serwan Badal seated his
blind parents in a carrying yoke and
took them to the 'Kashi' river. Lc
s:coac: o< o0 coc: c<: sccc'
ss c^:sv_-c:.
s^ [ks$r] n. bullock cart. Jc: ccoc .
scoC seo/ oo s^ so -oo. A
bullock cart is useful for bringing
wood from the forest. ccD <:oc
s`` s-
se c: O^:soLcs Jc coc
.s^: oc . See: oc s^.

s`` [ks(] n. tortoise. cocc:. nonc
s`ò/ o on cc cocooo/. Many
tortoises live in the water of the big
river. non ooc: ec'
cocc:Js:_Ln eoeo.
See: D-cC.
s- [ks-] vi. to heat, become hot, to be
boiled. cc. c n`c_o<n cc_
s^:ôc`. He is heating the branding
iron in the fire. .csc .< cn c'
=<:c: c c` oa.
s^- [ks$s-] vc. to make hot.
s^ [ksta] adj. hot, warm. ec c<.
ss0 (-c) [kikl# (-j1i)] n. kind of grass.
|P.
s- [kic-] vt. pick vegetables leaves. sco/,
nc' n . o o -s ca sD_ Ooc.
In smaller villages we pick greens
[vegetables] during the wet season.
nccc' Lo sco LD_< ooaco cs:
soc: Ooeoa.

se_ [ki-k$r] n. cockroach.
s-_' [kinnn] adj. wet, cool. cc .
s_c [kinn#t] adj. very cold. cc e.
sL e_ [kip-y] n. mucus crust in nose.
s. [kip-a] n. scab. .yoc: .< Joc< c`c:.
sos [kirak] n. silverfish, Silver-grey
wingless insect found in houses
feeding on book bindings and starched
clothing. cc co sos. c<o/ .y^ s
oc_!. It has lots of silverfish. Don't
take books from her!. cc c
cceoc: cc .y^ sc: O^:s`s:.
soe [kir$-#] n. metal peg used on the end
of the bullock cart wheel to keep the
axle on.
soc_ [kire-k] n. thread on a screw.
sc_ [kilc] n. joint (of limb).
s0 - [kill#-] vi. to scream, cry out. |D|.
s [kis] n. fire. H". cn .

s-cO_ [kis-/abb#] n. matchbox. cn
. e . ``c c n oc_ oa^' è s cO_
òc. To light the stove we strike the
matchbox. `ò_c' cn oes: cn
. e c` c0n ` oa.
s-s`c [kis-k(l] n. matchstick.
s cO_ cD-s- [kis dabb# lv#-k#-] vi.
to clear jungle or a field using fire.
-L co c' s cO_ cD- sc?
Who has burnt my grass (cleared my
field) with fire? - nc s JLoa cn
. e -oa.
s_- [kisk-] vt. to pinch. nc:_e. eoc n
^D c:cs soc Do cc s co` '
eo`' s^_oc. Little boys gather
together in one place and pinch each
other. es è .c c: n:Dncc eso
-soa nc:_sòeoa.
s [k#] pron. whether, that.
s- [k#-] vt. to do. o:e.
ss s:o_
ss [k#kr] n. chisel for cutting wood.
ss [k#kri] n. 3-stringed violin-like
instrument played with bow.
sc [k#1] n. nail (for carpentry etc.).
c c:.
sco/- n`co/ [k#1i*g-g(1i*g] adj. zigzag,
jagged. Losoeoso.
s [k#r] n. line. H|4.
s eo- [k#r u;-] vi. to draw a line.
sL [k#v] n. disapprove.
s` [k#s] n. pocket. H4. c:.
s:oc (-c) [kund (-j1i)] n. kind of
grass. |P.
s:s_ [kukk$] n. vermilion powder (used
to apply a mark on the forehead).
s:os:c.
s:s_ n:c_C [kukk$ gulval] n.
vermilion and pink powders used for
worship. .<:_' .y so' è
s:s_ n:c_C oe:c_ oooc. In
order to worship the gods, they bring
red and pink powder from the market.
cLyv_ .y sòs: s:os:c n:cc:
conc <:oc c` oa.
s:s_ s:D (.e ) [kukk$ kumr# (pi--&)]
n. Indian cuckoo. ``co ss.
s:D_ s- [kucc# k#-] vt. to strike with the fist
(not necessarily to punch').
s:e:c_C [ku-umyl] n. fellow clan
member. coc:Lyc:. .o_o/ .<:_'
ce:o s:e:c_0 ^D Do coc.
During [worship of the] 'big god' all
the fellow clan members meet
together. .c cLy cn o c:e c:,
coc:Lyc: cocoa sc:` oa.
s:e [ku--] n. stubble (dried stem of
maize, millet, etc.), tree stump. sò_.
s:c- [ku/$s-] vc. to take off (draped
clothing).
s:cc [ku/e1] n. river, large stream. d|.
cn:. . ccs s:cc:' e^ coo.
Having rained the river becomes
flooded. Lo o L- cn:c: `òn:co.
See: -c_; cD .
s:c_ [ku1k] n. ear-ring.
s:o C [kutt$l] n. bench, seat. |4|. .e.
s:c:_ --c- [kudurkn&--] vi. to be
surprised. co.c:e.
s:c-cs_ [kud$r-/okke] See: cs_.
s: [kun=j#] n. key. ccc: o.
s: -cc_ [kun=j#-/abb] n. lock (lit. key
container). ccc:.
s:_ [kunb#] n. farmer. 4P|.
L_Lòc: o:cc:.
s:. [kuppa] n. heap. s:._.
s:.-s- [kuppa-k#-] vt. to heap.
s:. _-c- [kups&-m-] vi. to enter into
something to hide one self. òcc:.
s:c [kubr&] n. cucumber. |1|. c^so.
See: ss .
s:cc (co ) [kum$1 (marr)] n.
gourd-bearing tree. s.
s:c_C [kumml] n. potter. 4 (|1.
s:cocc:. s:c_C c:c s-
coc`. The potter is making a pot.
s:co cc: s:oc oooa ^: -_c:.
s:c_ [kumm&] potter's wife.
s:c_
2
[kumm&] n. hornet.
s:oc [kur1#] See: c_.
s:o_ [kurk#] n. animal's thigh. .c ' n
(soaoon) co sò s s:o_ ccc
=ooc. For the 'pitren / karum'
ceremony the goat's thigh is cut and
kept aside. sosocc: - o`<
cs sc:<: coan eoc:coa.
s:o_o [kurk$;] n. spot on skin.
s:o [kurpa] n. cutting hook, small sickle.
s:o _. c:c:o -e c:' s:o =oc. A
small sickle is called a *. D<_s`cL0
s:o_ coeoa.
s:o-s- [kurp#-k#-] vt. to weed.
s:o_ [kurm] n. chaff.
s:o [kurr] n. bull calf. sos.
s:o_ [kurv#] n. pot. H|s|. s:oc.
s:o_ so-
s:o_ [kursi] n. chair. 4P|. s:o_.
s:_ [kurs] n. deer. sc aos.
s:ò [kusy] adv. in a low tone,
secretly. " .
s:- [kus#] adj. liking, happy. . c<oco.
s:`C [kusl] adj. happy. H.
s:--s:-c [kus#-kus#t&] advl. happily.
s:--ncc _ [kus#-gamatn&] advl.
happily.
s:- [kus-] vi. to fall, or drop (leaves, or
fruit etc.).
s: c c'- [kusm$s man-] vi. to be
silent.
s:^_Dc [kuskav#1&] n. bat (nocturnam
mouselike mammal). nO_cc:.
Nocturnal mouselike mammal with
forelimbs modified to form
membranous wings and anatomical
adaptations for echolocation by which
they navigate.
s:-s:-Lc_- [kus-kus-va1k-] vi. to
whisper. 9 P9 P||.
s:- [kusr#] n. seasoned vegetables. so.
s:c [kuhi] n. well. 4 H . cD.
s:c_ (D') [kuhc& (m#n)] n. kind of
fish. cc:n: (.).
s- [k$c-] vt. to scrape off, strip. oc c n
``s_C o co s cc_oa' scoc.
When the head rubbing oil is finished
we scrape the container. oc <-
co``c <- cc_<: c` oa.
s [k$j] n. pitcher. 4HP|.
se [k$-] n. cubit (the length of one's
forearm).
se [k$-r] n. millet heads fed to
animals. `<_, oo se sòc',
co', oc - nc:o ceoc. During
summer we scatter 'millet', and 'dhal'
straw for the bullocks and cows. `<_
`._ soc `._ Jc s: Joc scoc'
co .e: coa.
sc- [k$--] vi. to limp, be lame. H "s||.
seC [k$-l] n. lame man, disabled,
cripple. sC co, s o co -c_s
seC =oc. We call someone
without legs or arms 'disabled'. sv:_
oac: c co s:oe cooeoa.
se [k$-i] n. lame woman. s:oe .
sc [k$1#] n. leaf plate. D^ o (cs:c:). D
sc' è `s co oo/ cso/ sò_
coc. They are picking leaves for
making leaf plates. Doa =` os:c
sòs: on e: cs:c: co.yoa-_oa.
sc- [k$1-] vi. to roll over, topple over.
sc- [k$1$s-] vc. to push over.
sO [k$tl#] n. armpit. cos.
sO -s- [k$tl#-k#-] vt. to tickle. " d" d||.
c:cs soc s:' sLy^' è
sO - soc. In order to laugh we tickle
little boys. D<_ .c c<: <D_oc:es:
n:cn:c (sosoc:) .e: coa.
so ` [k$ys] n. steel tip of plough.
so [k$r] n. silver. |d|. coc.
so [k$r#] n. hoof.
s [k$r] n. dead body. P 1d| P d| . Lc:.
s_- [k$rk-] vi. to doze. 3 |. c .
c:cs soc_ c^:_<n .o_ ec cs
so_oc. While in the bus small boys
doze off while sitting on a lap.
D<_.c c<: c^:_c' .e soa_oe
c ``coa.
sc [k$l] n. buttock. .o .
sco [k$l$;] n. pus. .y'_, nc o/ ccs
sco .oooo/. After getting
wounds or tumours pus comes. .yoc: ,
nc c: coc Dc: .e: co
s- [k$s-] vi. to crow.
so_ [ken=jk] n. intestine.
so [key] n. hand. (|. oc:, oa.
so- [key-] vi. to be bitter in taste. coo
so co sooo. 'theriya' is very
bitter. c:cD so cn c:n
eoe:oc . s:- c ``c cc ccs
sooo. If there is too much salt in the
so s`c _o
'dhal' it is bitter. soc' e._ Js_cc,
oaD `òaoc .
so_C [keym$l] adj. bitter. 4 , 4|,
4s|(. c:.
so [key-] n. thick or long piece of
firewood. se .
s- [ker-] vt. to wear (not said of draped
things). c`c:s:_oc . <<_ con s c`'.
I am wearing a shirt. -<: `s_ c`<:
sC [kel] n. hair. 4|H. coe: sc:.
sD_ [kevv#] n. ear. 4|. D, so c:.
s L_ [kevk] n. ears (plural). Lyc:.
sL- [keh-] vt. to shut, close. P||.
co:e.
so- [k&n=j-] vt. to hear. D<:. soc- .so/
sooc. The children are listening.
cc:oa, c0sc: Doe:o-_oa.
soc [k&3/&r] n. hump.
sc [k&1] See: c.
sL- [k&p-] vt. to guard, keep watch, wait.
so- [k&y-] vt. to call, summon. 4 H||.
.c:.y.
so [k&r#] n. spine.
so [k&re] n. banana. 4 H|. coe .
so (co ) [k&re (marr)] n. plantain
tree. s. coe (e: ).
sC [k&l] n. drama, play acting. ce.
s^_c (- c) [k&sk$1 (s#1i)] n. ladder,
steps. P||. _<.
s^ .yc [k&slapudi] c<.yoan:.
s` (co ) [k&sl (marr)] n. kind of tree.
s.
sòc c:c_o [ko3/a bu1k$;] n. water
snail. sòc c:c_os nonc
cocooo/. Water snails live in the
river. os:c: <c:cc', ^c:c oc'
eoeo.
s`s`_ [kokk(r] n. cock's comb.
s`C coc [ko*l ba3/] n. big rock.
sà [kojji] n. footprint. coc c:c_c n
Ds c n cs _s sà o/ coooo/. When
we walk we leave footprints in the dust
and mud. c<c: =^:sc', c:oacc'
<c- cc:n:c: .c:co.
sèc [ko-$1#] n. 1) room, sometimes used
to refer to a side room for women in
childbirth or menstruation. 4P1|. nc ,
0 . co. co ccoO c-_s oòn
eoc ss sèc soc. A room is
made on one side of the house where a
lady gives birth. e < ^cooc'
cccos . c _s ^ cc: Lo_e: ` oa.
2) shed for goats. co o/ sòc
so' è sèc (sè_) soc. An
animal shed is made to keep the goats
in. csc<: eoccs sè c: oooa
` oa.
s`c- [ko--] vt. to poke, sew, pierce, hoe.
s:e: .
sè- [ko-$s-] vc. to prick, stab.
sè_-.e [kotka-pi--&] n. sparrow. .c:_s.
sè_ [ko-k] n. cowshed. sè c:,
.eLyc`s. coo/, co o/, co_o/
sòc so' è sè_ soc. To keep
all the cows, goats, and buffaloes
together a cowshed is made.
ooaLyc<:, eoccs sè c:
` oa. See: cc ; sèc; sè_- .e .
sè c [ko--ela] n. threshing stick shaped
like a cricket bat. ne.
sè_C (D') [ko-val (m#n)] n. kind of
fish. c .
s`cL [ko1(p] n. receptacle made by joining
both hands.
s`c sc [ko/k&l] adj. tender, young,
unripe. con.
s`c [ko//i] n. point, crest. |4. s`<, cc.
sC cn `L noc cs ^:o c s`c c
eococ. If a thorn goes into the foot
they remove it with the point of a
needle. scs: c:c: n:D_<` ^cc`
O` oa.
s`c_o [ko1v#n=j] n. fat.
s`c_- s`L_-
s`c_o o [ko1v#n=j niy] n. oil
prepared out of fat.
s`c_- [ko1s-] vt. to sprout, bud green.
sò [kotta] n. coin. P4 4|. . ^c:.
sò o/ [kotta*g] n. money. P|. cc:_c:.
s`c o/ [kodda*g] n. the seeds of the
'mahka' fruit which can be eaten.
co_ .oc O-s s`c o/ sD- sD
=ooo/. When eating the 'mahka' fruit
the seeds make a noise. coc: .oc:
O-e._c: .oc s: cs:o.
s`c -`- [kod-p-] vi. to stumble.
s`-c [kono/] n. niche in wall.
sò- [koy-] vt. to cut (with sawing action),
reap, pluck. sò_co.
sò_ [koyy] n. part of seed drill (tipun).
cc O.y' oo/ sò_- ôo/
ceoc. With the [vertically down
part of the] seed drill we make furrows
in the fields. <:c' cc: sv_
(ncc') ncc: c` oa.
sòC [korl] n. wild boar. s`c:c:.
sò-
1
[kor#-] vi. to scuff (scrape) along the
ground.
sò-
2
[kor#-] vt. to shave. P s|. c cc
sò- coc`. The man is shaving.
eo< nc o O^: -_c:.
sò-
3
[kor#-] vi. to bend while dancing.

sòoc [kor#y1] n. son's wife, daughter-
in-law.
sò-sC [kor&-kal] n. earwax. Dc' O0.
s D_o o``` sò- sC cocoo. There is
earwax inside the ear. Dc' O0
eoe:oc .
sò`L [korop] vt. buttermilk. ^c . ccoa'
s` c n sò`L soc. Buttermilk is
made by churning curd. .oan:<: es
ò c' cc ` oa.
s` [kor] n. hen, fowl. s`c .

s`-`ò [kor-p(ri] n. young fowl,
chicken. s`c.c .
s`-`ò [kor-p(nj] n. pullet, young
hen.
s`_- [kork-] vt. to gnaw, bite.
s`-nc [kor-g$/] n. chicken nest - for
hens to lay and hatch their eggs.
s`v_nc:.
sò [kort&] n. thistle. 3 4|1|. c:c ``c.
sò [korr#] n. bean. Ds:_c:.

sò--o/ [korr#-s&**g] n. bean pods.
Ds:_c: soc:.
sò_ [korv#] n. cheek. "|H. o..
s`c- [kol$s-] vc. to forge (implements).
O co_s s`c:ôc`. The ironsmith
forges axes. sco n`c v: .c:<:
` oa.
sò_ (co ) [kohk (marr)] n. bhilwa
tree. s. c ( e: ).
s`L_-
1
[kohk-] vt. 1) to pound (in a
mortar). 4 |. c . 2) to beat (stalks of
s`L_- sò
millet wheat, etc. with a stick so that
the seeds fall off). 3) to grind into a
paste.
s`L_-
2
[kohk-] vt. 1) to gore. 2) to pierce
(when having a tattoo).

s`c [kohr&] n. pumpkin. n:cc so.
beninkasa cerifera.
sòc -s- [k(3/#-k#-] vt. 1) to block off, or
restrict. See: se . 2) to keep a person
forcibly.
sòc [k(nda] n. bull. P|s. Jc: .
sòc-cc [k(nda-v/] n. cattle section
or division. sòc oe:o ecoc. c'
sòc- cc =oc. The place were the
bullocks sit in the market is called the
*. Jc conc eoe:oc . Jc: cc
^ c_ Jc cc coeoa.
s`s` [k(k(] n. younger brother, also used as
a term or endearment (e.g. father to
son). oc:c:.
-_ c: s`s` [sern/u k(k(] n. wife's
younger brother. co .
s`s -s- [k(kl-k#-] vi. to cough. |P|. cn: .
sè [k(-] See: sè_.
s`ccL [k(/amv] n. wild horse. c:._.
s`cC [k(1al] n. religious mask. <o_cLo
.oa. csco -e s`cC .' c .y
soc. On the day of the 'akadi' festival
we worship the 'mask god'. csc
.oc:n o` s`cC c- cLy .y
` oa.
s`cC-.' [k(1al-p&n] n. one of the
Gond gods.
s`c [k(1] n. room. 4P1|. nc .
s`c [k(/] See: `c.
s`c `L [k(/ sp] n. a thorn bush.
"|F. c`cc:c:.
s`c C [k(tll] n. watchman. |4|d|1.
sL0cc:.
s`c [k(tl&] n. watchman's wife.
s`- [k(n] n. room. 4P1|. nc .
ce_C s`- [a-val k(n] n. kitchen.
1P|(. Loenc .
s`' [k(n] n. direction. H1. cc. cL
ce' -c:o/ s`'_ cooo/: c',
cC c, -coo/, ;ooo/. Our
country has four directions: North,
South, East, West. c< cs -c:n:
cs:_c:-_o, ooa_, .cco,
eo oo, c;c.
s`` [k(p] n. earthen pot, clay vessel.
s:occ:. co _ c`L cc -c:o/ s`.o/
=ooc. At the wedding place four
small pots are kept. .oc .ococ'
-c:n: D<_ s:occ: eoc:coa.
s`c [k(m-] n. corner. 4||. cc.
.'-s`c [p&n-k(m-] n. corner set
aside for worship. oò o``` eoc
cco .'- s`c =oc. Inside the
house, one corner is set aside for
worship. =oec' es cc cLyc:
^ co eoe:oc .
s`D [k(m-i] n. a Telugu caste name.
s`ce`c:.
sòo/ [k(ya*g] n. Gondi language. nòc
cc.
sò [k(y] adjl. Gond. nòc .
sò c` [k(yt(r] n. Gond man. sco/,
nc' n c<_0 sò o. Those
who live in small villages (lit. forest
habitations) are called 'koitor' (Gonds).
ccLycc', nccc' eoccoa
nòc:coa.
sò cC o .o

sò oc [k(yta1] n. Gond woman.
sò cC [k(ylal] n. fox. <s_. cL c- <o_s
cc nc<o/ s s o/ O-_ - c' sò cC
=oc. At night at the river it howls
and eats crabs from their holes - that is
called a fox. cn:c' oO .ye
Joc soc: O- ooaLy<: <s_
coeoa.
sò
1
[k(r] n. folded arms (in order to
cradle a baby). ò.
sò
2
[k(r] See: ò.
sò
1
[k(r#] n. valley. ||. .c o.
sò (s`0)
2
[k(r# (k(l#)] n. weaver caste.
sòo [k(r$;] n. lateness, delay. cc^_o.
sòo-s- [k(r$;-k#-] vi. to be late.
s` [k(r] n. horn. P|". s`c:c:.
sò_ [k(rs&] n. charcoal. c`n: .
s`c [k(l] n. 1) stick. Us|. .yc . c`_o
s`co/ `-o coco oococ. They
hit sticks together for the 'chachoy'
dance for 'dandari'. c`_o
s`cec:c` coco <o_o ` oa.
2) peg of stringed instrument.
3) arrow. 3|1. cco.
cs_'-s`c [lekkan-k(l] n. piece of
chalk.
s`c_C [k(yll] See: sò cC.
s`c [k(v&] n. red-faced monkey. 4 d1. sÒ.
s`- [k(si] n. slough of snake, the skin that
is cast off.
s`--s- [k(sis-k#-] vt. to attempt.
. oo_c: o:e.
s` [k(s] n. a distance of two miles.

oc [kha3/#] 1) num. twenty of
something (used particularly for
animals). =oaLc . 2)
n. a measure.
[khajur] o oc:.
c [kha1] n. threshing floor, special
surface for ceremony. `<_, Loao/,
ooo/ cc' è cc c soc. To
remove [thresh] the 'jowar', rice, and
'dhal' we make a threshing floor in the
field. `<_c:, Lo , soc , Oo:es:
<:c' sc o ` oa.
cs [kha1k] n. small stone. c 1. D<_
cocc:.
c [kha1&] n. ornament for arm or ankle.
coos sC_ <n s o_ <n co/
soooo/. Old ladies wear bracelets on
their ankles and wrists. c:^0co
oacs: sv_s: scoc: eoeo.
c ee [kha/ga --#] n. large basket for
transporting manure by bullock cart.
c_C [kha/yl] n. jungle cat (panther?).
See: c:cC.
c [khab$r] See: o .o.
o .o [khaypat] n. news. D41. co ,
sc:oa.
o .o-- - [khaypat-s#-] vt. to spread
news. co ._e.
o `c
o [kharb] adjl. bad. 4 1|. c:.
o-s- [kharb-k#-] vt. to spoil.
4"|s|.
o-c- [kharb--] vi. to be spoiled.
oC [kharl] adj. true. P |. o.
oe [khar&-] n. dried stalk (used as a
broom, or for firewood).
oco [kh3/$;] n. piece of flesh,
chunk of meat. co^.y c:s_.
oc [khnd] n. branch of a tree. s`c.
oc' [khndn] n. dynasty, race.
[khj&] n. a function when the relatives
of the bridegroom go to the bride's
house for presenting her a sari before
marriage.
O [khti] n. blacksmith. H|(|1. sco .
o [kht] n. manure. |d.
o cc- [kht v--] vi. to spread
manure. cc s.y eo_' è o
ceoc. In the fields they spread
manure when planting cotton. <:c'
.O .oe co:es: JoaLy c` oa.
. [khpr#] n. ritual dance while putting a
god back in place after a festival.
c' [khln] n. north.
[khs] adjl. important, main.
P(c c . cLôc<.
c [khi//#] n. anus. " d|. n:c .
:oc [khu3/i] n. kind of small clay pot.
H|s|.
:c' [khull(] adjl. open.
: [khu4] See: so `.
[kh$j] n. bow of stringed
instrument. ss -s:^' è
cocoo. In order to play a 'kikri'
(stringed instrument) there is a bow.
ss c- ôno `c<c: noc:es:
: eoe:oc .
[kh$b] adjl. very. 4(3
. c Js:_L.
o [kh$r#] See: so.

s [kh&k1&] n. crab. Joc so.
c-co_ [kh&1a-hermi] n. wild buffalo
(lit. forest buffalo). ccD co .
c [kh&1] n. jungle, forest. H"H. ccD.
O (-cc) [kh&ti (-b1#)] n. farming. 3|.
L_Lòo.
O-so_C [kh&ti-k#yval] n. farmer.
4P|. O- so_C cc' n so s-
coc`. The farmer is working in the
fields. L_Lòc: -cc: ccv_c'
.^: -_c:.
`n [kh(gr#] n. saddle.
` [kh(j] n. bowl. n-_.
`c
1
[kh(/] n. 1) horse. |s|. n:o c:.
2) horizontal horse-shaped beam
which sits atop a marriage pole.
3) minature earthenware horse used for
worship.
`c
2
[kh(/] n. trigger of gun.
`c
3
[kh(/] n. grasshopper.
`c
4
[kh(/] n. stilt.
`c
1
[kh(1] n. log, horizontal part of seed
drill to which the tubes are attached.
`c
2
[kh(1] n. bundle of dried chickpea
plants.
`c [kh(br&] n. inner white part of
coconut. |1H. s:c:s. See: -oC.
ò n- _

ò [kh(r] n. small digger, tool for
gathering up soil. ò. o os ò
so -oo. To spread manure a small
digger is used. JoaLy<:(cLy .c)
D^:oaes: ò e.on` oa. òc
-0< Ds ccoc. They remove mud
from the drains with a digger. -c:
ec .oac:es: ò e.on ` oa.
ò [kh(r#] See: sò.
`0 [kh(l#] n. room. 4P1|. nc .
`C [kh(l] adjl. deep. "(1|. c'oa.
`- -s- [kh(s#-k#-] vt. 1) to hang clothing,
rope, or bag on something. 2) to tuck
in clothing (like the end portion of a
'sari' or 'dhoti').

n

non [ga*g] n. Ganges (stream in Utnur
Taluk), river. <c (non).
non [ga*gr] n. large earthen vessel.
nonvc:.
no [gan=j] n. cooking vessel. 413. no.
noeC [gan-el] n. ear-ring.
noc- [ga3/-] vt. to pierce, prick, stab,
become embedded (thorn). H|.
nocC [gandl] n. kite (bird). nc . nocC
<L_ <o/ s` s:' .o_ coo. In
villages, the kite (bird) having caught a
hen goes (flies) away. nc eoc' s`v_
.c c<: Joa s` `òaoc .
nn [gagr] n. bronze pitcher. Ooc .
cos, cc0 s:co, còon_ nn-
o oooc. Ladies and men use a
bronze pitcher to bring water from the
well and bore well. - c:, .yoacac:
cD, c'oa v:_ Ooccc` c` oa.
n_ [gacn&] advl. suddenly. H|4.
cs-oan.
n-O -c- [gaj-bij&-my-] vi. to get
crowded.
ne_ [ga-k] See: ;e_.
ne [ga--i] n. knot, bundle, clump, parcel
(usually bound together in a piece of
cloth). "|, "1|. c:c .
ncoc [garinca] Ooc c:. e cc .
nc- [ga1#-] vi. to come together.
ncc [ga/(l] n. kind of small metal (steel,
bronze) pot or vessel. H|s|.
nc [ga//] n. kind of edible root.
nc [ga//#] n. black-faced monkey.
nc_C [ga1yl] n. servant, ritual food
server. o'eC_ <n (cc ) c:`` <n so
so_0_ nc_C =oc. Those who
work in hotels (or in the fields) [for
pay] are called *. o'ecc', <:
=ooac: cn o . ^: <_ co
onv: coeoa.
nc_-s- [ga/s#-k#-] vt. to pack into a small
space (too many people on a bus, or
too many clothes into a trunk).
nc [ghadd#] n. hole. U d. ooc c:.
nc co- [ghadd# ar$s-] vt. to bore
hole.
n-_ [gunne] n. knot in wood, joint between
sections of bamboo.
nL (n. _) noc
nL (n._) [gap (gapn&)] advl.
down(wards).
n._ c- [gapn& ar-] vi. to fall down.
nL c:c:o/- [gap mu1u*g-] vi. to dive
down, sink down.
nD [gam/#] n. thick (usually black)
blanket, used by shepherds to shelter
from rain and cold. nòn0.
nc_o [gammat] n. happiness, fun. H.
no [gar#] n. fish hook.
n-n [gar-gar] advl. round and round.
no` e-coc [garg(-#-ba3/] n. flint stone.
no -c- [garj&-my-] vi. to thunder.
"1H|.
no ' [gardn] n. nape (back of the neck).
no_c [garba1] See: nC cc.
no_ [gars&] n. stair.
nC cc [galbal] n. children's noise,
racket. See: c'0 .
n--s- [gas#-k#-] vt. to rub with hands.
nc [gah#] n. measurement for the
foundation of a house.
no [gnj] n. a drug. <L_ - co 0
no e-_s `L - eooc. Old men
in the villages smoke/inhale 'ganja' (a
drug). eo c' c:^0coa noo
c ne._c: ``n .c:_s:oeoa.
nn [ggr] n. sacred brass ankle bell. n .
cc_c nno/ sC_ <n cc_
oococ. During Demsa they tie
ankle-bells on their legs and dance.
cL ` <o_oc' scs n c: se <o_o
` oa.
nn [ggr#] n. metal pitcher.
n [gjl#] n. bangle. n. =c na o/
o_ coo. She is buying bangles.
ec nc: s`<:c:-_c.
ne` [g-(] n. boiled rice. c<_c:,
cooc:.
nc_
1
[g/v] n. an abusive word for a
bad person.
nc_
2
[g/v] n. a measure.
nc [gd#] n. donkey. "|; "d(|. ncc.

nc [gd&] n. cylindrical framework of
bamboo or sticks. `<_ oo se
c_ ncc =ooc. The shells/peels
of 'jowar' and 'dhal' are put in the *.
`<_, soc:c: se o. n:Dc'
eoc:coa.
nc [gb] n. the hard interior of a stick or
tree trunk.
nO coo [gb1imanta] `è c` e<_c.
no_ [gyk#] n. cowherd. .eLyc
s.o .
no [gr] n. mahua fruit.
no [gr&] n. wheel. H. cs o.
n [gr] n. eyeball. s<:_ nc. sc cn
nò C cL C- cL C n coo. An
eyeball is the white-white round thing
inside the eye. sv_c' n:oc on cc e
s<:`. eoe:oc .
n-coc [gr-ba3/] n. hail. HH|.
See: sC- coc.
no_ [grk] n. a kind of cake prepared
out of black gram. noc:.
no_ (c) [grk (-j1i)] n. a kind of
grass. agrostis linearis.
no_ [grn#] n. strainer, sieve. See: c_.
no-s- [gr#-k#-] vt. to strain, sieve,
filter.
nc:o [glu;] n. season. #3 .
ncc [gv1] n. cattle shed.
n [gs] n. morsel, food given to cattle
during festival (a small taste). T|P.
noc [gind] n. small piece of cloth. 4s|.
.c:s. s^ no nocc .o_
no_ n-C
o oooo/. Ladies use a small cloth to
put hot vessels down [from the
fireplace]. cc Loe ò<: ce c` .e
coc:coa.
no_ [girk] n. winding mechanism on
well.
no [girr] n. framework of branches used
for dragging loads along the ground
and for breaking in (training) young
bullocks to pull a plough. s:oo/
soa^' è no soc. For young
bullocks to learn, a * is made. sosc<:
-oa_e sòs: no c- c oooa
` oa.
nc-`- [g#1#-p-] vi. to lie in coils (snake,
rope).
nc` [g#t(] n. line. H|4. coc:, co'.
nc` eo- [g#t( u;-] vi. to draw a line.
n:o (co ) [gun=j& (marr)] n. kind of
tree. s.
n:oc-s- [gu3/#-k#-] vt. to wrap, roll up.
H|.
n:oc -c- [gu3/&-m-] vi. to be
wrapped, rolled up.
n:oc so [gu3/$r kya] n. internal
organ.
n:oc C [gu3/rl] adj. round. 1||.
n:oO [gunti] n. small bow and arrow. Dc: .
n:oO-s`c [gunti-k(l] n. arrow. cco.
n:n [gugr#] n. cooked (boiled) seeds or
grain. 4|H.
n:e [gu--a] n. hill. (|s. sòc.
n:c [gu/i] n. temple. P d1. cocoo.
See: ceo.
n:c: [gu1u*] n. adam's apple. nòoas,
soocc.
n:c [gu//i] adj. blind. H |. n:c .
n:c_ [gu1s&] n. hut. n:c -.
n:c -c- [gut&-m-] vi. to be caught (in a
trap) usually by a limb. sc nò `^' n
n:c - co. Wild sheep are caught in
traps (by noose). ccD nè Lcc'
.c`òoc .
n:c- [gud-] vi. to quarrel. $"s|.
n:.yc [gupp$1] n. slingshot. ec-c.

n:cc [gub$1] n. owl. nc n:c_.
n:c [gub1a] n. grove, orchard, collection of
cultivated trees.
n:c_ [gubb&] n. lobe of the ear. nc.
n:c:C co [gumul marr] c:oa (e: ).
n:cc [gum&l] n. small drum. coc_
L^: Ly .oa.
n:C n:C [gulgul] n. tickle.
n:C n:C-s- [gulgul-k#-] vt. to tickle.
n:c [gull&r] n. catapult.
n:c_C [gulval] n. pink powder used for
worship. See: s:s_.
n:`c [gus1#] n. clown (in rituals, in
Dandari festival). n`ò. c'no -e
n:`c_ coc. On the 'bhogit' festival
day the * dancers come. c'n o`<
n:`_c co c` oa.
n:` C [gusrl] n. wolf. Hs|. c`cc:.
n:` C scc cocoo, c o o/ cs_
Ooc. The wolf lives in the forest and
secretly eats goats. c`cc: ccDc'
eoe:oc csc<: cec Ooe:oc .
n:L [guh] n. mushroom. n`c:cc:.
n:L_ [guhk] n. mushrooms (plural).
nc [g$1a] n. small village, hamlet. "|.
D<_ eoa, ncc:.
nc [g$/] n. nest. |PH|. .;nc:.
n-C [g$nl] n. dwarf. ncc:.
no n`c
no [g$r&] n. wall or partition usually of
mud with wooden pillars for re-
inforcement. =oe c:e: se < ocsc:.
.y< oòn n:oo/ côc. They put up
walls for the new house. s` o =oe
c:oc: . Loo n`c se: coa.
nn [geg1] n. woman's underskirt. . so/
nn o/ soooo/. Girls wear underskirts.
ccoc: n<: c`c:n:coa.
noc: [g&3/ur] See: <c_o.
ncc [g&c$1#] n. a small black tick found
on cattle, particularly buffaloes.
nòc [gond] n. sacred thread worn around
waist. cc c:.

n`n [gog1#] n. rooster. P "| . s`c.yo.
nè [go--] n. pipe (for liquid), quiver,
cylinder. 4| P 1|. cc o =o' c
nè - ^:e_oc. The pipe is used to
let water into the fields from the pump.
<:c' e ..yc c_o Lc:c:coa.
n`.o [gop&r] n. spider. `c.yoan:.
n`.o (.e ) [gop&r (pi--&)] n. common
bird.
n`. [goppa] n. cowpat (fecal matter of a
cow).
n`c_o [gomm&r] n. cow dung cake
(used as a fuel for burning). .cs.
nòe c`s_ [goyita bokka] n. ankle. sc:
c`s_. See: le .
nò_ [gork] n. spear. H|H|. cc c:.

nò [gor&] n. deer (gazelle?). aos.
nò .yc [gor& pu1#] n. kind of centipede
(reddish brown in colour and usually
found in big groups, rarely alone).
.yoan:.
n`c_ [golk] n. corn of paddy.
n`c C [gollal] n. shepher (m.). n`c cc:.
n`c [goll&] n. shepherd (f.).
n`Ly [gov$r] n. compost. "|41. JoaLy.
n`c [gos-i] See: n`c .
n`L_ [gohk] n. wheat (pl.).
n`c [goh-i] n. word, news, matter,
language (in pl.). H||. cec:.
è ' n Do coc ^D eoc n`c
(n`c ) Lc_LC coo. Gather together
at the headman's house; there is news
to be told. .eC cn o cocoa scLoc
es Dcoc: ce c0.
n`c -s- [goh1#-k#-] vt. to soil clothes (by
sitting in mud etc ).
n`c -c- [goh1&-m-] vi. to become
soiled.
n`sc [g(k$1] n. itch. na .
n`D [g(c#] n. kind of small round bread.
1||. D<_oè .
n`c [g(1a] n. cement wall. d||1.
n`c [g(1] adj. sweet. P|(. Ooe .
n`c 0o (co ) [g(1 li; (marr)] n.
curry-leaf tree. murraya koenggii.
n`c [g(b&] n. generic word for cabbage.
`' n`c [pn g(b&] n. cabbage (leafy).
`' n`c.
.y n`c [pu*r g(b&] n. cauliflower.
.yc n`c.
n`0 l
n`0 [g(li] n. pill, tablet. "|H|. n`0.
n`C [g(l] adjl. round. 1||.
n`c_C [g(lyl] adj. round. 1||.
n`c [g(l] n. ball. "d. n:oc:.
n`L c' nèo [g(vardn g(-;] n.
place in the centre of a village where
people meet (especially for marriages).
nò C [g(h1l] adj. male of animals. 1.

;

;oe [gha3-] n. hour. |.
;c [gha-] adj. hard, strong.

;e_ [gha-k] n. time, hour. 4|1, 4|1|.
;c [gha1i] n. a watch, timepiece. s|.
ncooc:.
;cc [gha1(l] See: ncc.
;-_ (co ) [ghann&r (marr)] n. kind
of tree, oleander. nerium odorum.
;- -c- [ghasr&-m-] vi. to slip.
;c [gh1#] n. smell. " . c^<.
See: c.
;L [ghv] n. scar.
;:on: [ghu*gur] n. small spherical
animal bell usually made of brass.
`òo -e sòc<o/ nè' n ;:on:s
cooc. On the 'pora festival' day (in
August) they tie bells to the necks of
the bulls. ``cc .oc:n o`< Jc
cccc' n c: se: coa.
;:- -s- [ghus#-k#-] vt. to plant. 1||.
;- [gh$s#] n. bandicoot, large rat.
.ocs`s:_.
l o [gho*&r] n. bumble bee.
le [gho--#] n. ankle. |. Dccoc.
loc [gh(nd#] n. 1) large forest. 2) place
where the god 'jangubai' lives.
le [gh(-#] n. throat. "1d. cc.
le -s- [gh(-#-k#-] vt. to rub 'pan' in palm.
l-c (-c ) [gh(n/# (-j1i)] n. kind of
grass. |P.
l [gh(r] n. worry, sorrow.

coD De_- s-
c

coD [can=ci] n. bag. $|1|. ôD.
coc_C [ca3/kl] n. man of the Harijan
caste.
coc_ [ca3/k&] n. woman of the Harijan
caste.
coc [cand#] n. provisions, supplies.
cocc [cand(1] n. kind of trap for
catching small animals (rabbits, pigs,
deer, etc.). cso L^: Ly.
cocoC [cambrl] n. cobbler.
coco [cambr&] n. wife of cobbler.
cs_-c- [cakkr-v-] vi. to swoon.
c`_c [caccola] adv. completely. 3.
.yo n.
cc -s- [ca1i-k#-] vt. to hoist (a flag), pull
something up.
cc [ca1*] n. drumstick.
c. [cap1i] adj. tasteless, insipid, bland,
flavourless. c._-<, c._n.
c. [capr#] n. roof, covering. U3.
cD_-s- [camki-k#-] vt. to shine, polish.
P4|. oC o<_ s`c o co cD_
sc`. The king shines his horse very
much. o o< n:e c:<: c ec o
`c:.
cc_-c- [camk&-m-] vi. to shine,
polish. P4|.
cc_ [camc] n. spoon. c_.
co_ [carv#] n. brass container for liquids.
cLy [cav$r] See: coJ.
cc_o [cavv&ra] n. kind of short green
bean. cc_o -o/ s:- ce_ Ooc.
They cook and eat the green beans.
nòa Ds:_c: soc<: so -
Ooeoa.
coJ [cah$r] n. ceremonial fly-whisk
with long hair or strips of cloth ties to
one end (used for giving blessing).
^Lyoc:.
cc_ [cahk#] n. mortar for grinding spices.
o`c:.
on` [c*gl(] See: `s`c.
s [ck$] n. small knife. U 1|. sO .
nòocC [ccg(yindal] .;.oa.
c [c-] n. whip. 4|s|. sD_.
c [c/&] n. funnel part of seed drill.
c_ [c/n#] n. sieve. See: no_.
<C [cnal] n. chisel for use with rocks.
` coc [cp ba3/] n. large slab of
stone (typically used as a place for
bathing or laundry, also used as part of
a trap for rats). See: c`_.
` [cpr] n. mat.
c:s _ [cbukn&] n. a prod or poke.
o` [cr(] n. animal feed (grass, hay, etc).
ooaLyc (nc ).
0 [cl#s] num. forty. |H|P. <c:c .
L- [ch-] vi. to stretch. 3||.
L_- [chk-] n. thorn(s), fishbone(s)
(same word is used for s. and pl.).
Ds_C [cikkl] n. mouse.
Ds [cikl] n. mud (often used in pl.).
4|s. c:oc.
DC-cè [cicl-bo--] n. little finger.
D_C Lc ' [ciccl va1nj] n. little finger.
De_-s- [ci-k#-k#-] vi. to snap fingers.
De c`
De [ci--&] n. half pound (approx.)
measure.
DL e:oc- [cip -u3/-] vi. to stick, fix, join,
bond, attach, glue. 4|.
D. [cip1#] n. dried rheum of eye, dry nose
mucus, dry secretion. soecc.
D. _-s- [cipn&-k#-] vt. to hide from harm,
protect (in the way a mother hen hides
her chicks under her feathers). U|,
U |. sn 0oc:e.
Dc [cim-] n. pincers, tongs.
DD_ [cimni] n. kerosene lamp. 1|4.
c.c:. See: cc_.
DoC
1
[cirl] n. ring-worm.
DoC
2
[cirl] n. cricket insect.
Do_C [cirkl] n. kind of insect. sc:oo.
Do_ [cirn] n. kind of bell. noe.
Dce (co ) [cila-# (marr)] n. kind of tree.
s.
DcC [cillal] adj. unripe, green. cs:.c_.
Dc_-c- [cilk&--] vi. to be finished (work).
Dc P (||.
Dc'_ce [cilk(l-#] n. kind of game. 4|H|.
Do' [ciho] n. lion. P (, H1. -ooo.
D [c#c&] n. immature, young fruit, fruit
just formed after blossom.
D`s [c#c(k] n. seed of tamarind.
Dò-coc [c#c(r-ba3/] n. kind of rock
(usually white, sometimes black).
Doc [c#ta1] n. cheetah, leopard.
Dcs [c#tki] n. bead necklace (long).
D` [c#p] n. splint.
Do-s- [c#r#-k#-] vt. to cut open, incise.
Do_ [c#rn#] n. file.
Dc [c#l] n. peg for keeping wheel on the
axle.
c:s- [cuk-] vi. 1) to commit a mistake.
2) to be avoidable.
c:s c:s-c- [cukcuk&-m-] vi. to repent,
feel sorry.
c:s_ [cukk#] n. mistake.
c:s_-c- [cukk&-m-] vi. to get lost.
c:s-c:s -c- [cuk-cuke-m-] n. the
noise one makes when disappointed by
something, or upexpectedly missing
something.
c:s (-c) [cuk/ (-j1i)] n. kind of
grass. |P.

c:e [cu--] n. pipe. 4| P 1|.
c:e -cs [cu---k#] n. leaf for smoking
used to wrap tobacco in. c:e - csc
oc:_s c_ eoe. They put tobacco
in the 'cuta' leaf and smoke (drink) it.
c:e cs:cc' oocs: o. c n:coa.
c:c [cu/$r] adj. small. U||. D<_c.
c:c co [cu/$r bey&] n. mother's
sister.
c:c ccC [cu/$r bbl] n. father's
younger brother.
c:<_ [cunna] ^:<_c:.
c:cs-c:cs [cub$k-cub$k] n. a
person who habitually goes from one
house to the next gossiping. o`L_
o`L_ -on_' c:cs c:cs =oc.
Someone who goes visiting from
house to house is called a *. =oeoe
Ooanc, cc Ooan:c: coeoa.
c:c_ [cummr] n. head pad (for
carrying pots). c:e .
c:o-c:o-c- [cuy-muy--] vi. to
shrivel up.
c:o-s- [cur#-k#-] vt. to massage to relieve
pain.
c:L_- [cuhk-] vt. to suck, smack ones'
lips. P|.
c` [c$c(] n. penis.
c' c_
c' [c$n] n. chickpea curry. .e .
oD-s- [cen=c#-k#-] vi. to farm.
s_o/ [cekka*g] n. wood chips (pl.).
s_c:.
s [cek1] n. small bullock cart for
carrying people. D<_ Jc: c coc .
.<:_' o Dc c-s s o/, s^s
.yc_ coc. During the time to take
the gods for a dip in the water they
take *s and bullock carts and go.
cLyv_<: `_-s Jc: coc: ne
O^:sv:_coa.
._C [ceppul] n. sandal. ! H.
oa`' [cerupn] num. fifty-four. |.
o0 [cerecl#s] num. forty-four.
|H|P.
o`_oc [cerc(3/] n. plait of hair. c.
c C [cev-l] See: c C.
c C [cev1l] n. deaf man.
See: c c oC.
D [cev1#] n. deaf woman.
c_0 [cevbli] n. earring worn on the top
of the ear (in contrast to those that
hang below).
o [ceha] n. tea. |, ||. c-oa,
o.
L O [ceht#s] num. thirty-six. Ud|P.
c [cehl#] n. coarse flour of millet.
oc: [c&3/u] n. ball often made out of
rags. "d. coO.
c -s- [c&/#-k#-] vt. to tease. UH|. cns
c:cs soc- .s s:' c- soc.
People tease little boys and girls.
.c coa D<_n,cc . c c<: cv<
` oa.
c [c&/&] See: c.
c` [c&t(] adjl. awake. cc'_.
L [c&v] n. wakefulness. cv:s:L.
- o/ [c&s-&*g] n. acts of fun.
L- [c&h-] vi. to make jokes at a
marriage. During the marriage
ceremony, the women sing songs
while showing mirrors to each other.
o (-cc-) [cait (-mahin)] n. month
1 of the Gond year (March-April).
òc_ [co3/k] n. musical instrument.
`s`c [coko-] advl, adjl. good, well. H U|.
coDn.
`sè_ [coko-n] adj. beautiful, proper.
cocc<.
òa `c [coru s-] num. sixty-four. P.
ò -L [cor& nov] num. ninety-four.
|1| .
òo_ [cor&yns#] num. eight-four.
|1|P|.
òoo [cor&hattar] num. seventy-four.
|(d1.
`L O [covt#s] num. thirty-four. 3|P.
`L c [covd] num. fourteen. |d(.
`D_ [covv#s] num. twenty-four. |4|P.
`. -s- [c(p1#-k#-] vi. to pat on the back.
ò [c(ri] n. blouse.
` ` .e [c(rc(r pi--&] .;.oa.
ò_ [c(rn] n. short pants, shorts.
`L- [c(h-] vi. to itch.

c

e [ch-#] n. the side of a drum which is
beaten by hand (rather than with a
drumstick).
-L [chnov] num. ninety-six. U|.
s [chek1] See: s .
c [che/#] n. cane stick. Us|.
.' [cheppan] num. fifty-six. U! .
c_ [ch& ans#] num. eighty-six. U|P|.
0 n
0 [ch& cl#s] num. forty-six.
U|H|P.
`c [ch& s-] num. sixty-six. U|P.
oo [ch& hattar] num. seventy-six.
U(d1.

on` [ja*g(] n. moon. |d. coc: c:.
o/-. - [ja3g-p#-] vi. to rust. -o sC Ds
ccs o/- .ooo. Having got
muddy, the cycle will rust. -sC c:oc
coc oa._ .e:oaoc .
s_s [jakmak] n. lighter (usually using
flint and steel together).
nc [jaga1a] n. fight, argument, quarrel.
n`cL.
n (.e ) [jagrs (pi--&)] n. kind of
bird. H|.
e:c _ [ja-umn&] adv. carefully.
c -s- [ja1#-k#-] See: oc- s- .
o [jatta] n. stone for grinding flour. P|.
=^: oo.
o [jatt$r] n. kind of stringed musical
instrument.
c [jatt&] n. fresh-water shrimp. oò_.
c [jatr] n. travelling fair, market,
bazaar. PH|. oo .
'_ [jank] n. people (pl.). H|". . c:.
-_ [janm] n. birth. H= P. .ye:s,
ec_Lo.
-_ [janvr] n. animal. ooaLyc:.
See: ac .
. [japp#] n. kind of green slime in water
or on stone, moss.
c-s- [jama-k#-] vt. to gather. 3Ps|.
See: Do- s- .
c-c- [jam&-m-] vi. to gather.
3Ps|.
c- [jamn] n. period, time.
c`c c-c-c [toll&t-jamnt&]
advl. at an earlier time, a long time
ago.
Do [jamiy] n. large knife. sO .
[jar] corr. if. H"1.
o -o [jarra-jarra] adv. a little. s`cn,
s`cn.
c- [jal$-] vt. to chew. 4||.
C [jal] n. underground water (like a
spring, or stream). cc:.
c_o [jalkara] n. lampstand. =o cc` -<
c.c:c ^coc:.
c [javb] n. answer. 3d1. cc:.
c--- [javb-s#-] vt. to answer. 3d1
d |.
L_- [javk-] vt. to kill. P|1|. co.y.
See: o- .
L-n`L_ [jav-gohk] n. barley (pl.). H|.
co .
o. [jmpar] n. blouse. oDs.
n [jga] n. place. H$ s|. ^ cc:.
n [jgli] n. watching or guarding of
crops. oO sL0, noc. <o_s cc
cC c:' s . coc - c' n =oc.
Going to the fields at night to guard
e ò
the crops - that is called *. oO .ye
.oec<: s`c:es: cv:_coa co
s`c coac: coeoa.
n o/-.- [jgl#*g-p#-] vi. to take spells
of guard duty over crops.
e [j-] n. kind of bean. c<:c:c:.
c [j1#] n. grass. |P. nc .
O [jti] n. caste, kind, sort. H|3. s:cc:.
<` [jn$s] n. lodging of
bridegroom's party. Dcc noc:.
D [jmi] cc.
L (co ) [jm (marr)] n. guava tree.
c (e: ).
[jr] n. flame, spark, hot coals.
- [jr-] vt. to trample, tread on.
L [jva] n. kind of porridge. coc0.
cc -``c [jva1d-p(1d] n. morning,
before 9 O'clock.
` [jst] adjl. more, too much, too
many. 4(3
. Js:_L.
a- -s- [jingn#-k#-] vi. to live. H||;
HH||.
ac [jivrs] n. animals, living things.
H3 . ooaLyc:. See: -_.
s-- - [j#ka-s#-] vi. to lean on.
c [j#l] n. small cattle bell used on the
necks of cattle, but also tied to the
waist or ankles for ceremonial
dancing.
e [ju--i] n. 1) frayed end of a rope. e: .
2) the tuft of hair remaining after a
head has been shaved.
c:s [juluk] adv. a little while.
c_ [juvv] n. yoke (for oxen).
c [j$/] n. bunch of hair. c.
c [j$/] n. shrub.
- [j$n] See: .c-.
- [j$n(r] See: .c-.
oc [je3/] n. flag. oc.
oc-.' [je3/-p&n] n. flag god.
oc .y [je3/ pu*r] n. kind of
flower. coO .yLy_c:.
D [j&vi] n. meal.
D-s- [j&vi k#-] vt. to eat, have a meal.
||, H|.
Ly' [j&vun] n. feast.
o [jait$r] n. minor Gond god.
`<_ [jonn] n. millet. H||1. `<_c:.
`C [jol] n. saliva. ``c: .
`c -c- (oo -c-) [johr&-m-
(jh$r&-m-)] vi. to feel sorry, repent.
U3||.
` [j(] corr. if. H"1.
`s [j(ka] n. time, occurrence. 4|1, 4|1|.
coc `so/ [m$3d j(ka*g] adv. three
times.

`s-s- [j(k#-k#-] vt. to weigh.
`s_ [j(kn&] advl. slowly, carefully, in
measured steps. |1 . cc n.
`c -s- [j(/#-k#] vt. to join, fold. H|s|.
oeo:e.
`c -c- [j(/&-m-] vi. to be suitable,
similar, fitting, proper.
`c [j(t] n. a pad which is tied around
the neck of a bullock for plowing. `c .
`cc [j(t1a] n. beam. H'|. ccc:.
`` [j(p] n. compound gate. nc ocs.
`.y [j(pu] n. sleep, rest, snooze. c .
ò [j(rte] advl. with force, loudly,
strongly, quickly. òan.

os_- c- ee
o

os_-c- [jhakk&-m-] vi. to become
very tired, exhausted.
on [jhag] n. bloom, blossom.
ono-ono [jhag$;-jhag$;] adv.
onomatopoeic word for glittering,
(cat's eyes reflecting, stars shining).
oc -s- [jha1#-k#-] vt. to shake off (dust
from clothes, or fruit from tree), thresh
lightly.
oc' [jha1$n] post. whole. P|1|.
oc -c- [jha1&-m-] vi. to collapse,
wither, fall. (|.
oc [jha1t] n. shudder.
oc -- [jha1t s#-] vi. to shudder
(animals have to do this before they
can be sacrificed).
oc [jha1p] n. bamboo mat.
oc s^ [jha1p ks$r] n. bullock
cart with a bamboo mat covering.
oc- [jha1p-] vt. to fan air (for a fire, or
to cool someone or thing).
o0-s- [jhal#-k#-] vt. to catch (something)
while if falls down. 4s|.
oc_ [jhalk] n. swaying movement
(hips) while dancing.
oC_- [jhalk-] vi. to be spilt.
oo [jhr#] n. kind of bronze vessel. .y
c:oo.
o [jhr] n. fishing net.
o:< [jhunj$r] adj. dense, thick (of
forest). P.
o:c_ [jhumka] n. bell (often used on
heads of cattle).
o:c:s _ [jhulukn&] advl. in short steps,
dragging one's feet (in dancing).
oc-c- [jh$l&-m-] vi. to swing.
s|H|.
oC [jh$l] n. decorative bullock blanket
on which patterns are embroidered.
oc
1
[jh&l] n. the free end of a woman's
sari which is worn over the shoulder
and wrapped around the back.
oc
2
[jh&l] n. the flower that stands at
the top of the maize plant.
oc -c- [jhom&-ma-] vi. to embrace.
oL [jh(p] n. sleep. |d.
oo [jh(r#] n. shoulder bag.

e

es_-c- [-akk&-m-] vi. to be wearied (as
in old persons).
eoc [-acpnt] adv. shining brightly
(beam of light).
eo [-acpy(] adv. shining dimly
(beam of light).
ec_ (. e ) [-avv& (pi--&)] n. Indian roller
bird. `c.e .
eo_ (co ) [-ahk (marr)] n. behera
tree. s.
eon-s- [-*g#-k#-] vt. to hang meat (a
sheep or goat in order cut it up into
pieces). |"|.
es [tka] n. crore, one hundred lakhs, (ten
million). sè .
ee [--ar] .s._c =c: .
ee oLys
ee [--] n. vessel made of metal
sheeting.
ee [--#] n. 1) bamboo matting used for
walls. ocs. 2) door made of bamboo
matting. See: sLc.
ec_ [-/v] See: cc_.
e.y [-p$r] n. 1) stick used for making
noise to frighten away animals from
crops. c_o se noe. See: 0s .
2) cow bell made of wood.
eoC [-r&l] n. churning stick.
eo` [-r(] n. fontanelle, the soft or weak
spot on a child's head. o`cc:.
Usually when a baby's hair is shaved, a
tuft of hair is left to remain over the
fontanelle (weak spot on head).
es [-ikl] n. forehead mark. es (cè: ).
es c:c [-ikl mudda] n. signet ring.
e`_ [-ipk] n. spot, blot. c:s_.
e. -coc [-ipl#-d3/$] n. kind of game.
"~ H| s s|.
ee (. e ) [-#-r# (pi--&)] n. crane bird.
e:oc- [-u3/-] vi. to stick, be stuck (to
clothing). 4|.
e:s [-uk1&] n. piece. 4s . c:s_.
e:s -s- [-uk1&-k#-] vt. to break into
pieces.
e:._ [-upsi] adj. short in height. `è .
See: coc.
eoc- [-e3/-] See: coc- .
e` [-epp] n. cloud. 4|dH. c;o.
e._ (D') [-eps# (m#n)] n. kind of fish
(flat). c:c .os.
ec [-&/p] n. wooden peg used for
snares.
ecC [-&bal] n. table. PH. cc . See: c.
eL [-&;] n. rain drop.
eòn [-o*g#] n. elbow, kneecap. c:oo.
eòn [-o*gr] n. knee. |. sc:,
s0-sc:.
e`s_ cc (. e ) [-oks v/& (pi--&)] n.
wood-pecker. Lc . e .
e`C [-o*l] adj. tallest. Joa . See: cC.
e`C (.e ) [-o*l (pi--&)] n. stork bird
(lit. tall bird).
eè [-o--&] adjl. female of animal. ccc .
e`c [-o//i] See: c`c .
e`. [-opl#] n. basket. |41|. n:c , no..
e`. - scoC coas o_ cooo/.
They are bringing 'hirp'-fruit from the
forest in baskets. n:c cc' ccD <:oc
=._.yc: c ^: -_oa.
e`D [-ovr#] n. small earthen pot which is
used to make a lamp 'diva' for 'pooja'.
e`^ [-os$r] adj. thick, fat. P||. cc: .
e`L e:c [-oh-u1i] n. a musical instrument
made of bamboo which is hit with a
stick. c_= _ còc: coc_o.
eòc [-(3/r#] n. tondla vegetable.
cocso.
e`s [-(kr&] n. 1) eggshell. 2) shell of crab.
3) stone of fruit.
eè_ [-(-k] n. turai vegetable, sponge
gourd. Ooso.
e`c_ [-(/m] n. point where stem joins
fruit. c`cc.
e`. [-(pi] n. hat. ||. e`. .
eò [-(y#] n. stone of fruit (used
primarily for mangoes). See: .c.

o

oc [-hv] n. leg of a bed.
oLys [-hvuk] n. knowledge. c0oco.

coco c:cC
c

coco [/a3/ri] n. Gond ritual song and
dance. <o_ cocc:.
coc:/ [/a3/ug] adj. good-for-nothing.
cocC [/a3/$l] n. good-for-nothing
person.
cs-c- [/akr&-m-] vi. to roar. d(|s|.
cn [/ag$r] adj. big. 4s. .c .
cn c- [/ag$r -] vi. to grow up.
cn o [/aggr#] n. male samba. c:._.
cL [/ap] n. tambourine shaped drum.
c._.
c`_ [/apk] n. falling stone trap (used to
kill small animals such as rats and
birds). 9 d|. s:ooo o.
cc_ [/abb] n. container. cc_.
co [/ar/#] See: co .
cc [/avr] n. grass-pulling tool attached
to bullocks like a plough. s.y <n
c ccs cc òc. When grass
comes between the cotton they make
use of the *. .O c' nc cD<`
n:oe:s: sè: coa.
cc_oo/-s- [/avvri*g-k#-] vt. to make
fun of.
coc [/3/a] n. handle, shaft (of tool such
as an axe, or digger).
coc [dnde] Lc: .
coc [/3/] n. compensation. oac<.
coc_ [/3/v#] n. barber. con0.
See: con0.
cs [/k] n. heel. 7s|.
ccc [/*u1] n. a horizontal pole used to
hang clothes on while drying. cocc:.
cc [/-] adjl. much, many. 4(3
.
co [/ri] n. pulses. .._.
cc [/l] n. basket. |41|. n:D.
cL [/v] n. time or turn to cast or play.
4|1, 4|1|.
cc [/i//i] n. backyard. =c: c:e: ^ cc:.
cc_C [dibbal] cò nccc:.
co [1iy(r] n. young man. o:Ls:c:.
coco .o_ co c:`` -e o oc
coc. Having gathered (everything)
together for 'dandari' the young men
go to a different village in order to
dance. cococ` .c:c:c: co eos
cv:_c:-_oa.
co [1iy] n. young woman. o:LO.
co _< c`L c coo/ ceooo/. The
young women make the wedding
platform. .oc .oco, nc c: cccoa
c ` oa.
cc C-s- [/illal-k#-] vt. to loosen something
that is tight.
cLC [/ivral] n. fisherman. PU H. .c:
.e cv:_. See: c'oC.
cc_ [/ivv&] n. kerosene lamp. 1|4.
See: DD_.
cc [/#v] n. earthen oil lamp. c.c:.
c:oc- [/u3/-] vi. to burn. HH "|.
c:oc- [/u3/$s-] vc. to burn. HH||.
c:c [/u/$s] n. dust. H. c:c:.
c:c [/u//&] n. young of a buffalo.
co c`s:_.
c:c_ [/u1ma] n. cattle bell. c_=_
=o cnoe.
c:O-s- [/ub#-k#-] vt. to sink, drown.
c:c -c- [/ub&-m-] vi. 1) to sink,
drown, set (of sun). 2) to make a loss
(either on an investment, or a loan to
someone).
c:cC [/uml] n. uncovered head.
oacc:ccc:. . ' cn oc cc_
c:c _o cooC
sC so` c' c:cC =oc. Those
that don't tie/cover their heads and
worship at their god are called *.
cLy cn o coco .e e._c: oc`n
se s_ co c'c oc coeoa.
During worship, it is expected (and
usual practice) to cover one's head
(hair) with a scarf or handkerchief.
c:c_o [/umm&r] n. 1) partially ripe
fruit. =._.yLy_. 2) mahua flowers
that have just fallen down from the
'hiruk' tree.
c:o [/ur/] n. dust. H. c0.
c:c [/ull&] n. grain store. n:D. See: -O_.

c:cC [/uvl] n. tiger. 4|. .y0.
c:c_ [/uhk#] n. bamboo fish trap.
cn C [/eggal] n. parrot. oc Dc:s.
See: on`.
cC [/e*l] adj. tall, high. Joa .
cC cè [/e*l bo--] n. middle
finger (lit. tall finger).
cc [/eb1] n. sweet made from water and
cooked rice.
cc_ [/emm] adjl. left. Jcc.
cc_ so c [/emm keyd&] n. on the
left hand.
cc_ ss [/emm kk] adj. on the left
hand side.
co [/er#] n. pole (vertical). n:o.
co_ [/erka] n. belch. c<:_.
co_-s- [/erka k#-] vi. to belch.
cL_- [/ehk-] vi. 1) to jump. 3UH|.
c:<:s:. <<_ c L_ - coc`'. I am
jumping. -<: Jn:oa c:-_<:. 2) to
bubble while boiling. 3) to beat (as in a
person's heart or pulse).
c o [deh1a] n. mud. c:oc.
coc [/&3/&] n. stalk.
cs_ [/okke] n. lizard. còc.
s:c cs_ [kud$r /okke] n. house
lizard (usually found within houses).
c0 .
oo cs_ [tars /okke] n. snake-like
lizard (usually found outdoors, under
stones, logs etc.).
cn [/oggi] adj. old (of cattle). 1||.
c:^0 .eLy.
cc [/o//i] n. open-roofed enclosure for
animals. .eLyc `s.
cc [/o//o] n. pit. "3 . còc.
c`` [/oppo] n. cup or bowl made of
leaves.
cc_C [/obbal] adj. fat, plump, chubby.
P||. cc: .
coJ' [/oh$n] n. 1) water mixed with
chaff, etc given to animals for
drinking. 2) a wooden tub for holding
water given to animals. 3) food scraps
fed to cattle.
co' [/oho] n. deep pool in a stream.
cc:n:.
cs [/(k] n. mind. c<:^:_.
cco (co ) [/(ndera (marr)] n. kind of
tree. D (e: ).
cc [/(br] n. 1) a hollow space or cavity
that birds, and insects can live in.
2) fireplace, brazier. c0coec -è:.
cooC [d(riyal] n. beast. .eLy.

cn - s- oc_
c

cn -s- [/hagl#-k#-] vt. to push. 4 H|.
co- [/hay-] vi. to jump, leap, hop.
3UH|.
cc_ [/hahki] n. a small double-sided
drum. cc:oa.
c [/hs] n. big jungle fly.
ce [/h$-#] n. fish basket.
coc_ [/he3/k#] n. back, trunk. |. oo
c<:s cnc:.
c` [/hepl] n. clump of earth (as in soil).
cc_ [/hemsa] n. kind of dance. <o_c:.
cn ' -e <o_ cc_ oococ. On the
third marriage day night they do the
'demsa' dance. . 0_ o` oO .ye
cc_ <o_c: ` oa.
cs [/h&kl] See: c` .
csco [/h(kl$;] n. the hot season,
summer. Jocsco. See: oc - nc:o.
cso [/h(k$;] n. vulture. "@. ococ.
co_C [/h(rkl] n. man who tends cattle.
.eLyc: c.ycc:.
co_ [/h(rke] n. woman who tends
cattle.
cC [/h(l] n. large drum.
c0_ [/h(lk#] n. small drum.
cC s_C [/h(lkyl] n. drummer, person
who drums.

o

os_ [takk] n. elder sister. cs_.
os [takd#r] n. luck. ccc o. See: <-.
os [takl#b] n. difficulty. 43|. sc o.
o/- [tag-] vi. to last, wear well.
on` [tagt(r] vi. to become weak. d4 H .
co <C oc_c o- on` . After
fever, the man became a little weak.
cc _oc: Lc< s`c n on -c:.
oòc [ta*(r1] n. wife's elder sister.
o co [ta*mar#] n. grandson. Oc
s:coac: c<c:.
o Doc [ta*miy1] n.
granddaughter. Oc soaoa c<oc:.
o c-c c [ta**1-ma**1] adv.
hurriedly (work not done well). .
c c n o:e.
o [ta**&] n. spouse's elder sister; elder
brother's wife (used only with
reference to second and third persons).
Lc<.
oc- [ta--] vi. to get stuck (choke on food,
or clothing gets caught on a protruding
object).
ocs [ta1k#] n. liver. so c:.
oco [ta1y#] n. dam. oaLy.
oc - [ta1#-] vi. to think, occur to mind to
come to mind. P||.
ocoC [ta1en=jl] n. wolf. Hs|. c`cc:.
oc-so [ta1-key] n. palm of hand.
See: c^ o- s o.
oc-sC [ta1-kl] n. sole of feet.
oc_ [ta1mi] n. fire. H". cn , ._.
o-_ [tanv] pron. his own, her own.
o-_-o-o [tanv-tany] pron. by
oneself.
oc_ [tamma] n. copper. on .
oc:_s- cs c<c c`c
oc:_s-cs [tammuk-ki] n. tobacco leaf.
c oc:_s cso/ cc_ coc`. He
is selling tobacco. co< ``ns
cs:c: cc:oa-_c:.
oc:_ [tammur] n. younger brother.
oc:c:.
oc:_'-sòoc [tammun-kor#y1] n.
younger brother's wife. oc: co_.
o_-o_s [tamm(-tammok] pron.
reflective pronoun - themselves.
oc_ [tamva] pron. their own.
oc_-oco [tamva-tamy] pron. by
themselves.
oo-s- [tayr-k#-] vt. to make ready.
coco c co 0oo/ sC_ -o' è o
oo soc. The relatives of the
Dandari (dancers) get water ready in
order to wash their feet (lower legs).
cococ' c:e cs: sv:_ sc:n:es:
v:_ eoc:coa.
oo-c- [tayr--] vi. to be ready.
oo [tayl] n. bag. $|H|. ôD.
oo-oo-c- [tara-tara--] vi. n n
Lcsoc:.
oo [tars] n. snake. P|. `c:.
oo-cs_ [tars-/okke] See: cs_.
o- [tar-] vt. to bring. H||. cc:_e.
o - [targ-] vt. to climb. |.
-oo`_ [- tars(] post. amongst. cè.
oc s` [tal$r kor] n. young hen, pullet.
oC_- [talk-] vt. to beg, ask for. cc:n:e.
oc [talla] n. head. P1. oc.
oc --oc [talla-n(nt] n. headache.
oc -Lc [talla-va//] n. south. dH.
oc_ [talvr] n. sword. HP.
o_- [task-] vt. to scrape.
oL- [tah-] vt. to raise the position
something.
cs- [tk-] vi. to walk, be in progress.
<c:c:e. co <0 oe:c_ cs_
coc. The man is walking to the
market. <c: concs c'
<c:c:s:oe: e-_oa.
cs- [tk$s-] vc. to drive, to lead.
c:c soc' s o .o_ cs:ôc.
They hold the little boys hand and
lead him along. D<_ .c c<: oac:
.e <c. ` oa.
cs`_C [tk$svl] n. beater (when
hunting).
cn [tg1#] n. plate used in weighing scales.
oo, c ^:. See: `- .
cc (co ) [t1i (marr)] n. a very tall
palm tree from which country liquor is
extracted. ce (e: ).
cc -sC [t1i-kal] n. palm liquor.
cc [t/#] n. ear-ring with bells.
cc- [t/-] vt. to burrow.
cc_- [t1k-] vt. to scratch. ||. n`s:e.
cc_ [t/v] n. chin. $ s|. nc_cnc:.
n0 ccs cL so =o cc_
.ooc. Having done wrong they ask
for forgiveness and hold (stroke?) the
chin. o._ coc c.< cc:n:oa
nc o .e: coa. The guilty party
holds/strokes the chin of the non-guilty
party as they plead for forgiveness.
cc` [tt(] adjl. fresh food or water (not
used for fruit).
ccC [tdal] See: ccC.
cc [td(] n. father's father. cc(-o<
ooc ..). cL- cc' cc =ooc.
Father's father is called *. -<_ ooc
cc coec:.
cc-ccC [td(-bbl] n. ancestors
(pl.). .yo_s:c:.
cc-c:ooC [td-mur#yl] n. elder
brother in law. co s`- cc'
cc- c:ooC =ooc. The wife's
elder brother is called *. =c 0
c<_cc:c<:, cL, cco coeoa.
c< [tna] pron. her, its. ccc .
c<c c`c [tnari t(1#] See: s- c`c.
c' . o _ oac_ (co )
c' .o_ [tn pirn&] n. four days from
now, (or possibly even later). Jc:oc .
c` -`- [tp1-p-] vt. to slap.
c [tr] n. 1) wire. 2) web of a spider.
`cnc:. 3) instrument string.
._o/ c [pensi3g tr] n. fencing
wire (usually barbed).
c- [tr-] vt. to spread something out
(blanket, paper, etc.).
c0 [tli] n. pail, jug, tumbler. c:oo.
cc [tv] n. earthen frying pan. .<o.
cD [tv#] n. iron frying pan. .<c:.
cL- [tv-] vt. to dish up, spoon out. s:- o
no <C ^::c cLoc. 'dhal' is
dished out of the pot with a
spoon/ladle. so<: no<:oc cc: c`
O` oa.
c [ts] n. furrow dug along by the
plough.
cL- [th-] vt. to raise, lift. 3H|1|.
OsC o [tikal y&r] n. clean water.
ec c< oa.
Osc (-c) [tik/# (-j1i)] n. kind of
grass from which scented oil is
extracted.
Oco [ti1#n=j] n. claw, nail. nòa. .so/
Oco s <n <s- `0 ``sooo/. Girls
put nail polish on their fingernails.
ccoc: nòavs: .oe:
c^:s:oeoa.
OO [titt#] See: ````.
O'- [tin-] vt. to eat. ||, H|. O<:e.
O-_ [tinn] adjl. right. d|(|. s:c .
O-_ so c [tinn keyd&] adj. on the
right hand. s:cOc`.
O-_ ss [tinn kk] adj. on the right
hand side.
O.y' [t#p$n] n. seed drill. O.y' c `<_,
`òO' ococ. 'jowar' and soya-
beans are sowed using a *. cc:
sv_ cc:ncc` `<_ Doa -c:
-e:coa.
Oo oo [tiri hattar] num. seventy-three.
3(d1.
Oo- [tir#-] vi. to turn. P s|.
Oo [tir$s] vc. to cause to turn. P s|.
sòc- `<_ -' cn coO Oo--
`<_o/ eococ. Having made the
bullocks go around on the 'jowar'
heads at the threshing place, they
remove the 'jowar'. Jc <: `<_0c'
se coO Oo.ycoa.
Ooa`' [tirupn] num. fifty-three. 31.
Ooa`c [tirus-] num. sixty-three. 31P.
Oo0 [tir&cl#s] num. forty-three.
3 3|H|P.
OL- [tiv-] vi. to break off while cutting.
3|s|.
OLy- [tiv$s-] vc. to break off while
cutting. 3|s|.
O`` [tisr(] adj. third. 3(|(.
OL- [tih-] vt. to feed. H|.
Os [t#k$r] n. kind of fly (wasp, or
hornet).
Os_ [t#ky] n. mustard seed. 1|(.
See: co.
O-O [t#j-b#j] n. thunderbolt. .c:n:.
Oo [t#r$n#] n. a blackish centipede. o .
O [t#r] n. kind, sort. 4|1. osc:.
O-O_ - [t#r-t#rkn] all kinds of. c-s
osc:. co_' n O<_C O- O_ -
ceoc. For weddings they cook all
kinds of food. . oc c' ososc:
Loesc: ` oa.
O- [t#rp-] vt. to sift, removing small
stones from rice.
O [t#s] num. thirty. 3|P. c:..
oao/- [tu*g-] vt. to do. o:e.
oaco [tu1$;] n. drum. cos.
oac_C [tu1kl] n. Muslims. c:- occ:.
oao- [tut-] vt. to suck. P|.
oac o -c c [tuttri-be//&] See: cc .
oac_ (co ) [tumm (marr)] n. babul
tree. s. oac (e: ). acacia arabica.
oaD (co ) c`c
oaD (co ) [tumri (marr)] n. ebony
tree. s. oa_ (e: ). diospyros
tomentosa. oaD co oo/ cs- Oco/,
c:eo/ soc. They make 'beedis' and
leaf-pipes from the leaves of the * tree.
oas cs:cc` Occ: oooa ` oa.
oao [turr] n. blowing horn. ecs`c:.
oa0_ (co ) [tulsi (marr)] n. sacred
Tulsa tree. s. oa0_ (e: ). c o_'
(coc:) o oan_ oa0_ co o o`
.y soc. Daily, after Brahmins
(Hindus) take bath, they worship the
'Tulsa' tree. coc:Lyc: `_<o -
oa0_ s_<: (e: <:) o`
.ya` oa.
oacC [tuvl] n. towel. oacc.
oaL_- [tuhk-] vi. to sneeze. U4|.
oc- [t$/-] vi. to blow away.
oc- [t$/$s] vt. winnow.
ooo/ [t$rin] n. kind of lentil, pulse.
soc:c:. cajamus indicus.
o- [t$r-] vi. to spill, drop.
oaL- [tuh-] vc. to cause to spill, drop.
o- [t$s-] vt. to share, divide.
coc- [te3/-] vt. to take out, remove, draw
(water). 4|H|. Oo_cc:.
See: eoc- .
cn` [tegt(r] vi. to get ready. d4 H . c c'
ò' è cn` . He is getting ready
to hit him. eo< co<<: sè cs
cnoc:.
co- [ter#-] vt. to open. |H|. coa_e. <<_
sLc cococ`'. I am opening the
door. -<: oc:.y O^: -_<:.
co- [ter$s-] vc. to fight, quarrel. Hs|.
eoc co co` co <C co
coa- . One woman and man fought
much. es cc es cc cc c
sè c:s:-_oa.
c- [ter-] vt. to pull out, uproot. .s:.
s-_-c- [kasn&-ter-] vt. to uproot
something.
s-s-c- [kas-kas-ter-] vt. to uproot
many things quickly. ^co o`C_
s- s cooc. They uproot the
channa plants. <n s_c<: còco
còcon O` oa.
c - [terg-] vt. to climb up, mount. D
^D co o `ò` c c. They all
climbed up the tree. Doocoa e: .
Js_-oa.
co_ (c) [terv# (j1#)] n. kind of grass,
the root of which is a fragrant bulb.
cyperus rotundus.
cC c [tel*1] n. south. dH.
cL- [teh-] vt. 1) to rouse from sleep.
c.y. 2) to revive to life. 3) to build.
c L O [teht#s] num. thirty-three. 3 3|P.
cL_- [tehc-] vt. to clean rice or lentils
using an open-ended basket.
c [t&] attr. emphatic particle.
c [t&] corr. if. H"1.
cs (co ) [t&ka (marr)] n. teak tree. s.
es: (e: ). tectona grandis.
cc- [t&d-] vi. to rise, get up, fly up. cc:.
cc- [t&d$s-] vc. to raise, cause to
rise. 3H|1|.
c- [t&n] pron. her, its. ecc.
co [t&r] num. thirteen. 31(. .s:.
-co [- t&r#] attr. (so)ever.
c [t&r] attr. also. H|. sc.
c [t&r] corr. although. ).
-c [- t&r] clitic. 1) than. 2) even though
(used after a past or negative
conditional form).
co_ [t&ry] n. bitter gourd (looks
somewhat like a cucumber). c^so.
cD [t&v#s] num. twenty-three. 3(P.
c`s:_c-coc [tokku1-band] n. a
children's game. c` s_coc.
c`c [to//i] n. beak, mouth. -oa.
c`c o/-c- [to//i3g-v-] vi. the tonsils
(pl.) have come.
c`c` cc
c`c` [tott(r] adj. past, former, earlier, old
man. c:^co_.
cò [totta] n. old woman. 1||.
cò [tott$r] n. ancestors. .yo_s:c:.
c`c [toll&] adjl. first, previous, earlier.
.yo_o.
c`c -c-c [toll&-jamnt&] advl. in
earlier or ancient times. .yo_c:.
c`L- [toh-] vt. to show, point out. d||.
c.yc:.
-co cò [nel&n=j tohta] vi. the moon
appeared. c:occ -co cò soc
c`D soc. When the moon appears
during the 'duradi' festival the boys
make a noise while tapping their lips.
c:oc .oc:n coccc s.oDoc
.c c: cc o ` oa.
cò_C cè [tohval bo--] n. index
finger (lit. the finger that shows).
c`s` [t(k(r] n. tail. U. c`s.
c`- [t(c-] vt. to carry on head.
c`c [t(/#] n. dry earth, ground, clay, or
mud. P'|. ce .
-c`c [- t(1o] ppnl. with. c`c:.
c`c - [t(1g-] vi. to be spilt.
cò (co ) [t(y (marr)] n. glomerous
fig tree. s. cc (e: ). ficus
glomerata.
cò- [t(y-] vi. to swell. P H|. ec_cc:.
cò eC [th(y-al] adj. talkative. s:cc:
.oa.
c`- [t(r-] vt. to scoop liquid in order to
transfer to a different container.
c`c-.yc [t(la-pu1#] n. rash, hives.
c`c- .yc ccs cocC co ccC_
coo. After getting rash many itchy
spots appear on the body. c`c.yc
coc oocoo ``s:_c: cLyco.
An itchy skin eruption characterized
by weals with pale interiors and well-
defined red margins; usually the result
of an allergic response to insect bites
or food or drugs.
c`c [t(l&] n. tortoise. See: s``; D-cC.
c`C [t(l] n. skin, hide, bark. |H. c`c:,
coc:.
co_ [treyns#] num. eighty-three.
31|P|.
c-L [tr&nov] num. ninety-three. 31| .

c

c [tha1#] n. place at a river where there is
always water (used for immersing
idols). .<:_' o Dc cc coc
(ec: on:co, OcC). In order to
immerse the gods they go to the *.
(e.g. Jangubai, Bheemal). cLyv_<:
`_<c: ooccs nons: O^:s
cv:_coa. See: s`_.
cc [th(1(] adjl. some. 4 U.

co_C cs
c

co_C [dan=cvl] n. 1) pain, ache.
2) person threatening to hit.
coco [da3/ri] See: coco .
cocc [dan/e/a] n. wreath. coc.
coc [da3d] n. arm. co:co.
coc-c [da3/-kha1&] n. upper arm
bracelet.
coc [da3/(s] n. greeting. P1 4|1.
oc o' coc soo. The queen
greets the king. oc os: Loc<o
-oc .
coc s- [da3/(s k#-] vt. to greet.
coc [dand] n. work. 4|P.
cs- [dak-] vi. to remain, survive, be
spared. 4 "|.
cs_- [dakk$s-] vc. to cause to remain,
save.
cc:- [da1u*-] vi. to be cold (of weather),
when the heat recedes.
cc_ [da1mi] n. shade. U||. c. co_
co o cc `s`c cc_ cocoo.
Below the mango tree is nice shade.
cDc e: s oc coDn c
eoe:oc .
ccC [dad$l] n. spot that appears after
being stung by an insect. <:c o/
s_ cs cocC co ccC_ coo.
Having been bitten by mosquitoes
many spots come on the body. ccc:
s:e c oocoo ``s:_c: L` o.
c [dab] adj. quiet, silent. nc:n.
co [dar/#] n. bank, embankment, house
foundation. ec: . cn . ccs e^
co oD coo. Having rained much
the flood (water) goes to the top of the
embankment. .c c< .cc cn: ec:
oc . Lc^: oc .
cC [dal] adj. thick (used for flat things).
P||. See: oc.
cD -s- [dav1#-k#-] vi. to get lost.
cc C [dhavral] adj. white. P9 d. cc:.y.
s.oo/ `'_ cL 0s cocooo/. The
pages of a notebook are white. -e:
.y^ sc:c' scc: cc n eoeo.
c- [dast#] n. handkerchief. c- , On:c .
co [daha] num. ten. dP. .c.
co' [dahn] advl. thus, in that way.
co' . . . co' . . . [dahn . . . ahn .
. .] advl. like . . . like . . .
cc [dah#] n. curds. .oan:.
cL- [dah-] vi. to rise, go up (as in waves).
c- [d-] vi. to go. .c. See: ``'- .
coc [d3/a] See: coc.
cc [d-] See: cc.
cc [d/] n. jaw. cooc:.
cc [d/#] n. beard. nc c:.
coc [dta1a] n. rake.
co [dt] ppnl. like, resemblance.
ccC [ddal] n. elder brother. c<_.
cc [ddr] n. lower abdomen.
c< [dna] n. grain. no.
c. -c c [dpi-be//&] See: cc .
c.y_c [dpk$1] n. part of cart holding
body to axle.
cO-s- [db#-k#-] vt. to press with great
force. d4||.
cD [dm1#] n. rope for leading or tying
up cattle (halter). o<:n:. co'
cD - s:e' n cooc. Cows are tied
to the stake. cLyc<: s:e cc'
se: coa.
c s [dik1#] n. sari tied in such a way
(between legs) that enables ladies to
work more comfortably. Do. - -e
co_ co_
sò cos ^ cs o/ `òcooo/. In
villages Koya (Gond) ladies usually
wear local saris (a regular sari but
worn differently). ev_c' c coc
cccv:_ Doc: se: coa.
co_ [diyya] n. day. d. o`.
co_' ``c [dirmn p(1d] n. the time of
sun rise.
cc o_C [dildryl] adj. generous.
ccc (-cc-) [d#v1i (-mahin)] n.
month 7 of the Gond year (September-
October).
cc [divos] n. day. d. c<c:.
cL_- [divs-] vt. to tread down, trample.
c- [dis-] vi. to appear, seem.
cc' . . . =c' . . . [dihin . . . ihin . . .]
advl. like this.
cc [d#1i] n. interest rate. c._.
co- [d#r-] vi. to wait a while, or stop.
cn:. cn coO? co, <<_ n coc`'.
Where are you going? Wait, I also will
come. Js_cs cv:_oa-_Ly cn: -<:
sc L` <:.
c``c [d#s(1a] n. lampstand. c.c: ` oc:.
c:s' [dukn] n. shop. d4| . c:scc:.
c:s-cD-s- [duk-lv#-k#-] vi. to work hard.
c: [dukh] o`nc:.
c:c_ [du1ma] See: c:c_.
c:_ [duniya] . .occ:.
c:ò [dupri] advl. at midday, in the
afternoon. cc_o_o. oc c c:`
c:ò ccs -_ ^:e soc. In
summer, after midday comes the field
workers (including equipment and
oxen etc.) take a break. c^Dc' `` c:
Js_ Jocs:cc cc_o_o -n0 .
DcD .e: coa.
c:. [duppa] See: cL.
c:c_ [dubba] n. dust, dirt. H. c:c:.
c:c_-c:c_-c- [dubba-dubba--] vi. to
be completely burnt up, reduced to
ashes.
c:c_ [dumm&] n. necklace for religious
purposes (c.f. prayer beads).
c:o -s- [dur$st-k#-] vt. to cure a
disease.
c: -n [durngi] n. kind of snake.
D<_ooc:nc Dc.yooc< `c:.
c:_- [durs-] vt. to insert, push in, fit in,
to thrust.
c:cC [dull] n. wooden cross beam of
house. ccc:. o`' c:cC on esc
cooc. We tie a swing to the
wooden cross beam in the house. =oe
cccs: eo_c se: coa.
c:`` [dusro] pron. second, another, next.
dP1| .
cc [d$d#] n. wool off fruit of 'savri' tree
used for fire making with 'cakmak'.
cc (co ) [d$d# (marr)] n. silk-cotton
tree. eriodendron anfractuosum.
cc [d$d(] n. breast of woman. 1 3.
cc [de1&] n. plate.
cn` [d&g(] n. eagle, hawk. cn. e .
c- [d&n] n. ritual song.
cco [d&vr#] n. village priest. .yo .
co/-co/-c- [do*g-di*g--] vi. to dangle.
H4|.
cc_ [dobb] See: ````.
c- [dos-] vt. to lay (eggs), put down,
apply.
co [doha] v. lash, bind, tie together. se: .
cL- [doh-] vt. to tie, attach, bind. H"||.
co-co-c- [d(;-d(;--] vi. to be
completely destroyed.
cc [dh(tre] n. 'dhoti' (cloth worn by
males, wrapped around waist). cLO.
co_ [d(rn] n. seeder.

cs _- c- <O_
c

cs_-c- [dhakn&--] vi. to be shocked (by
bad news, etc).
cc o [dha1iy] n. plate for eating from.
.c c:.
cc [dha1#] n. mountain path, steep upward
slope.
cc_-c- [dha1k&-m-] vi. to beat (heart).
c<c' [dhanvn] n. rich man. c<c:
nccc:.
c [dhani] n. donor. co.
c' [dhan] n. wealth (often specifically
meaning 'wealth in cattle'). .
c<c:.
c-_ [dhank] n. stroke.
c`_ [dhapk] See: c`_.
c<c [dhn$/#] See: cc'.
cc [dhb] n. roof. U3.
cc' [dhvn] n. herd of cattle tethered
together by rope. See: c<c.
co_ [dhirya] n. courage, daring, brave.
(P3. co_c:.
c:occ [dhund1] n. storm. n0 c<. Lc,
n LC, Dc_ LC, ., c' c:occ
=oc. We call the wind, thunder,
lightening, and rain a storm.
eoac:c:, coa.yc: c<, òan
e<_ c oa,' coeoa.
co
1
[dh$r] n. boundary. |4|. cL e:'
`s s-s co ceoc. Having
divided a plot of land a boundary is put
down. <: .oe._c: oc: c:
c` oa.
co
2
[dh$r] See: -n .
coc (-cc-) [dh$r/i (-mahin)] n.
month 12 of the Gond year (February-
March).
cc o [dhe1iy] See: cc.
coc [dhe3/&] See: coc .
cc (co ) [dh(b& (marr)] n. kind of tree.
s.

<

<s_ [naks] n. drawing.
<n [nag$r] n. city, town. H(1. .e_o.
< [na*] adv. earlier.
<e [na-p&] adj. middle in terms of order
of occurrence. cc_cc:.
<c [na1#] n. waist, barrel (of gun). 4P1.
<c:c:.
<c-.e [na1#-pa--] n. waist belt.
<c - [na1#-] vi. to swim (humans). eo.
<c [na1] n. bug.
<c: o [na//um] adv-ppn. centre in terms of
location, in between, among, in the
middle (of). <c.
<c_o [na1van=j] n. earthworm.
c<`c:. <c_ noon c-_ D'_
.ooc. We put an earthworm on a
hook and catch fish. c< `c:c<:
ncs on 0oD .c: .e: coa.
See: noc:.
<O_ [natn#] n. nose stud. <L_ <o/
cos ``c <O_o/ soooo/. In
villages the ladies put nose studs in
<c -oC
their noses. nccc' cccoa
c:s:_s: c:s_.yc .e: s:oeoa.
<c [nadd$r] n. a look, or glance. *+ .
cc .
<c -s- [nadd$r-k#-] vt. to glance,
look briefly, 'keep and eye out' for
something. =n c'o c, -è
<c - so. If someone comes here,
keep an eye out for me. =s_cs JLo <
L` oa - sòs: s`c n cc:.
<<_ [nanna] pron. I. -<:.
<L- [nam-] vi. to break, be broken, snap a
rope. 3|s|.
<D- [nam#s-] vc. to break. 3|s|.
<oaL [naru;] adj. soft. 4|PH. co n.
<oaL- [narum-] vi. to sleep. P||. c ``.
.c se:c `ò` <oacoc The girl is
sleeping on the bed. cco coco
. c `òaoc
<o_ [nark] adv. at night. oO .
<o_-.co/ [nark-pa1i*g] advl. all
night long. c:c- cn <o_- .co/
<o_oc. Everybody (lit. small and
big) sleeps all night long. D<_c:,
.c c: oo oo c ``coa.
<- [nas#b] n. luck. See: os .
<
1
[nas] n. snuff.
<
2
[nas] adj. brown (the colour of snuff).
<-.-_ [nas-panne] n. kind of small
brown toad.
<L- [nah-] vt. to make wet.
-oc -c- [nnd&-m-] vi. to live. H||.
-oc- [nnd-] vi. to get wet, become wet,
to be soaked.
-s- [nk-] vt. to lick. ||. co
.o_o -soo. The cow is licking the
calf. cLy cc<: -s: oaoc .
-n`cC [ng(bl] n. a snake God
worshipped by Gonds; a temple of this
God is in Keslapur which is situated at
about 30 kilometres from Utnoor. -n:
cLy .oa.
-/-oo [ng-tars] n. cobra snake.
|". -n:`c:. .ocDo -e ^D
-/ (-o:o) oo < .y soc. On
the 'panchami' festival day everyone
does cobra snake worship. .oDD o`
cocoa -n: `c:<: .y ` oa.
-c [n-] n. log.
-c [n/#] adv. tomorrow. o.y.
-c [n/&] n. a measure.
-o:o-oo [nyu;-tars]
See: -/- oo.

-o C [ny*l] n. plough, ploughshare.
(H. -n0. cc ec -o C so
-oo. In order to plough the field a
ploughshare is used. <: c:<:_es:
-n0 .s^: oc .
-o cC [nycal] n. dancer.
-o [nrj] adj. displeased.
-o- [nr#-] vt. to drill.
-o (-o) [nr# (nr$)] n. leech.
-o (D') [nr# (m#n)] n. a kind of fish
that has a razor-like like back. ..

-oC [nr&l] n. coconut. |1H.
s`c_oso. `òo -e ^D
o<_oo' n -oC_ cooc. On the
'pora' festival day everyone breaks a
coconut at the Hanuman (temple).
``cc .oc:n o`< cocoa
- o
co-o: n:cc' eoso sè: coa.
This happens in the morning, whereas
the offering of food happens in the
evening of the same day. See: `c .
-oC (co ) [nr&l (marr)] n. coconut
tree. s`c_o (e: ).

- [nr] n. village. "|. ncc: .
---e (--e') [nr-n-& (-n-&n)]
advl. from village to village.
-e_ [n-na] n. villager (nm.).
-e`_ [n-n(r] n. villager (m.). c
co <C c -e`_. That man is our
villager (of our village). co< c
eo cc

-c:o/ [nlu*g] num. four (nm.). |1.
-c:n:.
-0_ [nlv#r] pron. four (m.). |1.
-0 [nlli] n. ditch, trench. "$ |.
-L [nva] pron. my, mine. -c.
-L_o [nvkari] n. service. |41|.
ec_nc:.
oc- [nind-] vi. to be full.
o- [nit-] vt. to be standing.
o- [nit$s-] vc. to put standing.
seC co s oôc. The bed,
having fallen over is put standing.
coco .cc c.ycoa.
-_ [ninn&] adj. yesterday. <_.
L- [nip-] vi. to rise, to stand up.
.y- [nip$s-] vc. 1) to raise, put
standing, to make erect. 3H|1|. 2) to
cause to stop (a moving vehicle).
c_ [nimme] pron. you (s.). Doa, Ly.
c_c [nimme-] pron. you (pl.).
o [niy] n. oil. 3H. <-.
`C-o [pl-niy] See: `C.
o nc [niy ga//] n. part of the honey-
comb where the honey is.
o- [nir$-] vi. to burn, light. HH|.
o- [nir$s-] vc. to burn, light. HH||.
^s ``c cn oc _ oôc. In the
morning we light fire in the fireplace.
`` c: < `ò_c' cn ` oa.
C- [nil-] vi. to stand, to rise. s| (|.
c:_oc:. soc -o sc:_' soo
0_ coc. The boys are standing
beside their cycles. .c c: -sc: . s<
ccc e-_oa.
c- [nil$s-] vc. to put standing, to
stop.
cc [niv(d] n. food offering. -cc_c:.
`òo -e o<_oo<n cc coc.
On the 'pora' festival day they bring a
food offering to the Hanuman
(temple). ``cc .oc:n o`
co-o:s -cc_c: c.ycoa.
This happens in the evening, whereas
the coconut breaking happens in the
morning of the same day.
c -c- [niv1&-m-] vi. to be ready.
ooo <c.
D -s- [niv1#-k#-] vt. to make ready.
L- [nih-] n. to fill. H1. D <cc o
ooc. They are filling water at the
tap. Doa <c cn o v:_
o.ys:oe:-_oa.
cC [n#1l] adj. dark blue. |H|. 0
oon:.
c [n#1] n. kind of deer or antelope.
o [n#r&] adj. last year. no ôLo_oc:.
-n
[n#r] n. ash. ccc.
L [n#va] pron. your (sg.). 3. c.
<:s_' [nuksn] n. destruction. |H.
<:o_ [nurme] ^c<.
<:c_ [nulk] n. webbing for bed. se:c:'
<:c_c ôooc. They weave the
webbing for/on the bed. coco<:
<:c_c` cc: coa.
<:c [nulp&] adv. during the evening, after
the sun has set. òoo o.
<:c [null&] n. mosquito. cc.
<o/ [n$*g] n. sesame. <:Lyc:.
sesamum indicum.
<c [n$1#] n. the powder that is produced
by woodworms in wood or weevils in
food. còo.yoan:.
< [n$r] num. hundred. Loc.
<C [n$l] n. thread. coc:.
<- [n$si] n. insect rust on plants, weevil.
<-.
-o [ne;] adv. straight. P||. <c:n.
-c_- [ne-k-] vt. to cut down (a tree, or
grass), split (wood).
-o [nett$r] n. blood. D. os c:.
-o [ney] n. dog. 4 d|. s:s_.

-o -co [ney no1(n=j] n. chameleon.
-o -co scc DcC cocoo,
oco/ oos coooo. The
chameleon which is green exists in the
forest, it changes into seven colours.
e-oc 0 ccDc' eoe:oc Lc: oon:c:
coa^: oc .
-oòc [ner(3/] n. castor plant.
s^c è, cco è -oòc< o
cococ. Oil is extracted from the
castor plant (beans) for bullock carts
and lamps. Jc coc sòs: c_.c:
sòs: cc:cc: <- O` oa.
-co (cco) [nel&n=j (lel&n=j)] n. moon.
|d. coc: c:. <o_s -co eoc
^:s:_s côoo/. At night the moon
and stars are seen. oO .ye coc: c:
<o c: s. ` o.
-0 (co ) [nell# (marr)] n. kind of tree.
s. e-o (e: ). emblic myrobalan,
phyllanthus emblica.
-o0 [nehl#] n. meal - breakfast, lunch or
dinner. -o0 s- ``c` . Having eaten
he went out. cc_ooc: -
c 0_-c:.
-c [nehr#] n. eating. ^s -c sO? Have
you had breakfast? (lit. Is your
morning eating done?) `` c: <
cc_ooc: c. See: -o0.
-o/- [n&*g-] vi. to enter. P|. `c:_e.
-on_s [ne3gnek&] n. inauguration.
-oc [n&3/] adv. today. HH. =c_c.
-oc- [n&3/-] vi. to take root.
-s- [n&k-] vi. to sound.
-s- [n&k$s-] vc. to play (musical
instrument ).
-s--s [n&k-neke] advl. at the time of
sound (O'clock).
-e [n&-i] clitic. used after the name of a
day.
-_- [n&sk-] vi. to breathe, pant.
-o [n&hr] advl. slowly. |1 . cc n.
o s^ coo, -o e'. The tea is
hot, drink it slowly. o ccn eoc
cc n c n:.
-L- [n&h-] vt. to put in.
-n [nogga] n. part of the chassis of a
bullock cart (main length-wise piece of
wood; two are required for each cart).
s^:c:', s o ooc- ooc -no/
cocooo/. Bullock carts and small
carts have two length-wise pieces of
-c_- .s _
wood (each) [for the chassis]. Jc
cocs, ooc: ``c:ne se c: eoeo.
-c_- [no1k-] vi. to crawl (on stomach).
1 "|.
-- [nor-] vt. to wash (not used for
washing clothes). sc:n:e.
-co/ [n(v(*g] n. kind of agricultural
ceremony (pl.). ^D s:e:c_0
eoc o`' Do c- -co/ soc. All
the members of the clan (family, saga)
gather together to perform the *
ceremony. es s:e:oOs:cocoa s0-
s` o c<:^:c .oc:n - Ooeoa.
-L [nov] num. nine. c`Dc.
-c C [novrl] n. bridegroom. d~ (| . Loc:,
.oc s`c:s:. = co _o/ co L'
-c C =oc. The man getting married
is called the bridegroom. =._c: .0_
co_ cc_o .oc s`c:s: coeoa.
-D [novr#] n. bride. dH( . Lc:Ly,
.oc soaoa. = co _o/ co' -D
=oc. The woman getting married is
called the bride. =._c: .0_ co_
cco .oc soaoa coeoa.
-D --c C [novr#-novrl] n. bride and
groom, the wedding couple.
-L_c [novvad] num. ninety. , 4.
-c_-L [novvnov] num. ninety-nine.
= | .
-- [n(-] vi. to hurt.
-oc [n(nt] n. pain. -._.
-c- [n(--] vt. to make rope by twisting,
entwine. c:o o -c -eoc. Hemp is
used to make (twist) rope. <:cc'
cc: cc: coa.
-c [n(/&] n. rope. 11 P|. c c:.

-- [n(r-] vt. to grind. |P|. =^: e.
-`_ [n(sk] n. yam.

.

.onc [pa*gad] n. feast.
.o-L [pan=cnov] num. ninety-five.
| .
.oL' [pan=cvan] num. fifty-five.
.
.oD [pan=c#s] num. twenty-five. |P.
.o c_ [pan=c& ans#] num. eighty-five.
|P|.
.o 0 [pan=c& cl#s] num. forty-five.
3|H|P.
.o `c [pan=c& s-] num. sixty-five.
P.
.o oo [pan=c& hattar] num. seventy-
five. (d1.
.o- [pan=j-] vi. to be replete, satisfied,
filled, full up.
.oc D`_ [pan/i micc(] See: D`_.
.oc- [pa3/-] vi. to ripen.
.oc [pa3/i] n. ripe fruit.
.oe [pa3-] n. crop, harvest.
.oc [pandr] num. fifteen. 5(. .cc<:.
.s_-s- [pakk-k#-] vt. to decide, settle.
.s_ [pakk#] n. bamboo strip. cc:oa cc .
oòn c^' `ò` .s_o/ òc.
Bamboo strips are fastened
.n - s .- _
(horizontally) on the beams of a house
(usually for attaching tiles). =oec'
c`c . cc c: sè: coa.
.n-s [pagr#-k#] vt. to spread out on the
ground. 9 H|. `<_o/ <-o/ ccs
cc oc c .n soc. When weevils
come in the millet it is spread out on
the ground in the sun. `<_cc'
.yoan:c: coc Joc ce: coa.
.n -c [pagr#-m] vi. to be spread.
. (. ) [pajja (pejje)] adv-ppn. behind,
after, since. 4 |U . c<:s.
.es [pa-k] n. firework. le:.
.ec [pa-1i] n. the Pardhan caste,
hereditary musician of Gonds. . c'
(s:co.oa). co_' n .ec ..o/
eo_oc`. During weddings the * play
(blow) the 'phepre' (woodwind)
instruments. .oc c' . c' coa
^-_o co` oa. See: è.
.c- [pa--] vi. to lie down, sleep.
.e_ [pa-k] n. turban with a 'train' of
cloth at the back, worn only be men.
oacc:. See: `nè.
.e [pa--] n. belt. |. ce . `c soc
con s` s- .e sooc. School boys
having tucked in their shirts wear a
belt. cc .c c: `s_ c`.c c- cc:
c^:s:oeoa.
.e [pa--i] n. area, region. H|".
.ee [pa-pa-i] e -sC.
.c- [pa1n] adj. old. 1||. òc.
.c- [pa1n(r] n. old man. 1||.
.co/ [pa1i*g] clitic. entirely (occurs only
after the word narka' night). 4H4 H.
.cc [pa1id] n. wilderness, barren area.
4|4|. cos, ``cco/ c-o/, cc
noa' .cc =oc. Where there are
no trees and bushes, that place is called
a wilderness. e: , c eoc c
^ cc:<: .cc coeoa. no s
òo/ O- .cc <n coo/
c.y-oc. Cowherds in order to eat
chapatis (bread) stop their cows in a
barren area. cLyc<: s-coa
c<_c: O<:es: cLyc<: cc<
` ooc:c' c:.ycoa.
.c [pa1#] n. ladle.
.c [pa1#] n. point in a game.
.c o [pa1#y] n. comb (large, double-
sided, used by ladies). c:c_<.
.c c ' [pa1em&n] adjl. quarter. eoc
òo -c:o/ e:s o/ scs eoc e:s o
.cc' =oc. If we break bread into
four pieces, we call one of the pieces a
quarter. es oè <: -c:n: c:s_c:
- es c:s_<: `Ly coeoa.
.c [pa//a] n. cow calf, heifer. cc cc.
.c_o/ [pa1s3g] n. cold (to have a cold).
.oo/ [patang] n. kite (that children fly).
3 ". n0 .eo.
.O [patt#] n. blade.
.c [patpr] n. upbringing. |H|.
.o.so. c' co- ccC -c , cc'
c- c .c socò. He is an
orphan (parents are not there), so we
brought him up. co<s: cc
-<_c: coa coc:s cc: co
.oc:oa-_c:.
.oo/ [patran] os:c:.
.c` [patl(] adj. thin (used for flat things).
.c [paddi] n. pig. P H1. .oc .
.c [padd$r] n. end portion of a dhoti.
.c_
1
[padn] n. sharpness.
.c_
2
[padn] adj. wet soil, almost
muddy.
.-_ [panns] num. fifty. |P. oc .
.-_ [panne] n. muscle. sococ:. soc
s_ -s s o c:c: -- .-_ còoc.
When boys play they flex their arms to
show off their muscles. .c c: cecc:
s`- c:oc: O c:cD socc:
c.ycoa.
.-_ [panne] See: .-_.
.oc (oo) ò c
.oc (oo) [par/ (tars)] n. kind of
snake with spots on its body.
.oo [part] n. plate (large). .oo <n
cos .oc .^_ooo/. Ladies knead
flour on a large plate. .v_c:c'
cccoa .oc .^:s:coa.
.o- [par#-] vi. to fly. 3s|. Jnooc .
.ooc [par&3/] adj. year before last.
.- [par-] vi. to be able.
.o_c [park1] n. track, marks, line.
.C
1
[pal] n. tooth, tusk, fang. d|3. cocc:.
.C_ - sO-s- [palkn& ktr#-k#-] to bite
off with the teeth. s. o/ sè -. <C
c:' .C_ - sO- soc`. The tailor
bites off the thread with his teeth.
ce c: s:e co coc:<: .v_c`
co.ycc:.
.C
2
[pal] n. dawn. H|3.
.C Do- [pal v#y-] vi. to dawn.
.c [pall] n. plain, meadow, cleaned-up
place. F|. en.
.- -s- [pas#-k#-] vt. to deceive. H1P||.
ô o:e.
. O [past#s] num. thirty-five. 3|P.
.ô [paspara] n. the scraps of rice left
over after eating. coe: .
.oo (eoo) [pahr (-ahr)] n.
finger board of musical instrument.
.cc [pah#l&] adv-ppn. first, at first,
earlier, before. cc:. See: cC.
.c [pahje] adj. is necessary, needed.
HF1|.
.o_ [pahna] adj. 1) wet. .D_c . 2) raw,
green, tender.
`- [p-] vt. to beat, strike. ||. sè: .
ò`C [pn=j(l] n. anklet (chain). coc .
òo [pnta] n. large pot for heating bath
water. v:_ snos:oc.
`s (co ) [pk1i (marr)] n. fig tree. s.
`nè [pg(-] n. turban with a 'train' of
cloth at the back, worn only be men.
oacc:. `nè (.e_) cc_ coco
oococ. Having tied a turban, the
'dandari' dancers dance. .e_ se
coco Jn:oacoa. See: .e_.
`cc [p*u1] n. cloth. 4s|. ce c:.
`D_ [pcv#] n. naming ceremony. .yoac:.
è
1
[p-a] n. song, tune. "||. è.
soc- .so/ è co_ coc The
children are singing a song.
cc_oc:, ccoc: è
`c:c:-_oa. See: .ec.
è
2
[p-a] n. small beam. See: c`.
ècoc [ptaband] `_<o o:coc.
è [p-i] n. board, plank, slate. 1|. s_,
.cs.
èo `ò [p-$; p(ri] n. young of a
goat or a sheep (f.). cs .c .
`c [pt] n. second marriage. è: (2L
.oc ).
è C [p-ll] n. headman of village. nc
.c cc. -e:' co` è C
cococ`. In each village there is one
headman. eos es_s_ .eC eoeoa.
è [p-l&] n. headman's wife.
`c
1
[p1#] n. obstruction (dam), used to
trap fish.
`c
2
[p1#] n. clan, surname. =oe.oa.
`cc` [p1#t(r] n. fellow clan member
(m.).
`cc [p1#t] n. fellow clan member
(f.).
`c -c- [p/--] vi. to be spoilt.
c`òoc .
Ò [pt#] n. row of bulls for threshing
paddy.
ò [pt$r] adj. thin, dilute, watery,
weak, adulterated, impure.
`' n`c [pn g(b&] See: n`c.
`' ;c [pnght] v_oLy.
`.
1
[pp&] n. uvula. cOao_.
`.
2
[pp&] See: ^: `..
`L [pp] `.c:.
ò c [pyda] n. profit, use.
ò o . oc
ò c oo- [pyda y&t-] vt. to make
use of.
ò cc c- [pydat& ar-] vi. to be
useful.
ò o [pyr#] n. step. ".
ò 0 [pyli] n. measure for measuring
grain. cs.
òoc: [prandu] num. .-_oc:.
ò
1
[pr] n. aerial root of a banyan tree.
ò
2
[pr] vt. to bless (as in marriage).
òo/-c`c o/ [pri*g-bo//i*g] n.
amount (clothes, etc ) given to the
bride's father by the bridegroom.
ò
1
[pr#] n. dowry. d( H. Do_os:c:.
ò
2
[pr#] n. son's father-in-law, daughter's
father-in-law.

òc (.e ) [pr&v (pi--&)] n. rock
pigeon, homing pigeon. 44 31.
`Lyoc:. <L_ - òLo/ `` soc.
In the villages pigeons are raised.
eoav_c' `Lyoc<: .oc:coa.
ò_s [pryk] n. the assembly in which
the members of the bride's party and
the bridegroom's party sit together
during marriage. Do_os:oc:.
ò_c [pry1] n. son's or daughter's
mother-in-law. Do_os: cc.
`cs [plaki] num. c.
`c [pl] n. tender leaf. cs:.
`c'-s- [pln-k#-] vt. to waken.
`coc (co ) [pl$3/# (marr)] n. ray
tree. s. c c: ( e: ).
`c [ple] n. stick which is attached to the
plough in order to hold it at a higher
level. -n0s c<:s` eoc se .
`C [pl] n. milk. d . `c:. c ,c C
co< `C eoe. Mothers feed milk
to their babies. cco, cc_o
o0 `c: c n:coa.
`C-o [pl-niy] n. ghee. -o_.
`C n`D [pl gomtri] n. cow's urine. cLy
co c:.
`0_ [plk#] n. palanquin (a covered chair
or bed carried on two poles by
bearers).
`c -c- [pv&-m-] vi. to be got, be
obtained.
`^ [psa] n. loop of snare, trap, noose.
```c [ps(1#] n. blanket. 4 4H. . nc:o
```c c:D_ <o_oc. In winter we
sleep having covered ourselves with a
blanket. c0sco nòn0 s. _
.c:s:oeoa.
` [ps] n. blade of agricultural
implement. .c:n:.
`_- [psk-] vt. to dislike. soc .c'
`_ c`. The boy dislikes the girl.
cc_o cco coc .c c:.
`- [psr#] n. weighing stone. See: cn .
.o [pin=jr] n. cage. .ooc:. on`
.o o o``` cocoo. The parrot lives
inside a cage. Dc:s .oooc'
eoe:oc .
.oc [pi3/i] n. flour. H|. .oc . `<_
.oc oo/ òo/ oaooo/. They make
'roti' (bread) from 'jowar' flour. `<_
.occ` oè c: ` oa.
. e . L_-

.e [pi--&] n. bird. H|. .;.
.e -.yoc [pi--&-pur1] n. the birds
(generic term meaning all the birds).
c:c cn ^D .e ' .e - .yoc
=oc. Together (collectively), the
small and big birds are called *. D<_
.c .e <: .e n:L_ coeoa.
.c - [pi1i-] vi. to be boiling hot.
.c- [pi1-] vi. to pop (grain).
.c- [pi1$s-] vc. to dry, parch (grain).
P |. .oDDo -e cco/ .c:ôc.
On the 'panchami' festival day
(various) grains/lentils are parched
(fried without oil). .ocD o`
`_cc: ` oa.
.c_ [pi1k] n. tile. .ose c: .
.c_- [pi1c-] vi. to grow grey (haired). cc
coe: sc:.
.c [pi1p] n. bamboo matting. ocs.
.oa c [pittu1] adj. brass. |3H. =o c.
.oC [piyl] adj. by day. .nc:.
.oC-``c [piyl-p(1d] advl. all day
long. .ncoo. O so so_0
.oC- ``c so soc. Those who
work in the fields work all day long.
L_Lò .<:c: -coa c<coo
. ` oa.
.o_ [piyya] n. calf of cow. cn, cc.
.oo/-sC_ [piy*g-klk] n. cattle
(pl.). cLyc:, co c:, csc:. -e_o/
^D c:c cn co_0s:'
(<_ oa') .oo/- sC_ =oc. All
the small and big animals of the
village are (collectively) called cattle.
eoc' D<_ .c ooaLyc,
cnccc: coeoa.
.oc [pirdi] n. complaint. H4|3.
.oao [piruta] 0_oc .
. [pir] n. rain. 4|1H. Lo c:, c<.
.-nc:o [pir-glu;] n. the rainy
season, monsoon. Lo scc:. csc
oC so co .- nc:o =oc. The time
from July to November is called the
rainy season. csc <:oc so cô
Los: Lo sco coeoa.
.-o [pir-y&r] n. rainwater.
.- [pir-] vi. to have gone out (a fire is
extinguished, or seeds sprouted).
co`òoc .
.o_ [pirn&] adv. three days from now.
.oc (. e ) [pirp#h( (pi--&)] n. koyal
(kind of bird). s`sc.
.c [pill] n. young of animal. .c .
.c C [piv1l] adj. light blue. |H|. 0.
.ô/ [pisa3g] n. madness. .D_o<c:.
.`_C [pissl] n. mad person (m.).
.D_cc:, .``c:. Lc - c<_'
.`_C =oc. A person who goes on
talking (to himself) is called a mad
person. cn cn c .`_c:
coeoa.
.-_ [piss&] n. mad person (f.).
.- [pis-] vi. to be saved, spared, be alive,
survive. 4|.
.^- [pis$s-] vc. to save. 4|.
.`_c [pism1] n. salvation, saving.
P -.
. c [pist] c Osoc .
.^_- [piska-] vt. knead, squeeze. .oc
sc:_e.
.L- [pih-] vt. to extinguish, (to cover?).
.L_- [pihk-] vi. to break wind, to fart.
.o_ [pihk] n. fart.
. - .yo_
.- [p#-] vt. to hold, seize. 4s|. .e: .
.o/ [p#*g] n. human excrement.
.o (co ) [p#n=j (marr)] n. kind of tree.
.D [p#c#] n. oil cake. cocco o
coc cs .D .-ooo. After extracting
oil from rosella, an oil cake comes out.
coc0 os_ <- O- .c:
cc:oaoc .
.c - [p#1#-] vt. to screw.
. [p#ni] n. cold. H4|P. c0.
.-nc:o [p#ni-glu;] n. the cold
season, winter. c0scc:.
.` [p#p] n. square-shaped cooking oil tin.
cc_.
.o [p#ri] n. straw, fodder, hay. .o coo/
sòc' ce so -oo. The straw is
giving to the cows and bullocks. Lo
nc Jc s: co:es: .s L^: oc .
.os:. [p#rikuppa] n. haystack. Lonc .
. [p#r] n. pregnant stomach, (womb?).
no_c:.
.- [p#r-] vt. to squeeze out. |s|.
Oo_cc:.
`C .- [pl p#r-] vt. to milk. d(| .
`c: Oo_cc:. co co_o `C
.o_ coo. The lady is milking the
buffalo. cs_ co `c: O^: oc .
.- [p#r-] vt. to wring (clothes).
.yoc- [pund-] vt. to know, guess. H||.
.ys-s- [puk#-k#-] vi. to fire (gun).
.ys`c [puko-] adj. free. .ys_c:.
.yos < o [pu*kna hr] .yccoc.
.y [pu*r] n. flower. 9 H. .yLy_c:.
.so/ oc c cc .y côoo/.
Girls put a flower in the plait on their
head. cc .c c: ccc' .yc:
. e: coa.
.y n`c [pu*r g(b&] See: n`c.
.yo [pujri] n. Kolam man. s`cD (O
.oa).
.yc- [pu--] vi. to be gotten, born, found,
discovered.
.ye_C [pu-vl] n. birth. H= P.
oc:e.
.ye- [pu-$s-] vc. to get, acquire,
procure, search and find. ||.
ô`coc:e, co oc:e.
.yc [pu1#] n. insect, worm. 4|s|. .yoan:.
.yc - [pu1#-] vi. to proliferate, infest
(insects in fruit, or wound on an
animal). . nc:o coo/ .yccs
.yc_ cooo/. During the rainy season
worms (maggots) infest a wound on
cows. Lo sco ooaLycs: .yoc:
coc .yoan:c: .c:co.
.ycC [pu1p$l] n. urad dhal (kind of
lentil). D<:c:c:.
.yO [putt#] n. anthill. `c: `è . .yO o n
nco/ s- ooc cocoo. White ants
having made a nest live in an anthill.
.ye cc' cc: eoeo.
.y-s [punk] n. full moon. .yo c.
.y' [pun] n. sore, boil, wound. .yoc:.
.y'- [pun-] vt. to solve a riddle.
._cc:.
.yoL [purav] `_c:.
.yoc (. e ) [pur1 (pi--&)] n. bronze-
winged dove.
.yoc-cn` (.e ) [pur1-d&g( (pi--&)] n.
pigeon hawk.
.yoa' ò [purun sr#] n. kind of
sweetmeat. co , ``c C.
.yo-c- [pur&-m-] vi. to suffice. =`_
ne` =`_ coco .yo- co?.
Will this much food be sufficient for
this many people?. =oo c<_c: =oo
cocs ô`òaoc?
.yo_ [purk] n. kind of gourd used for
making dishes, spoons, bottles,
musical instruments. `òso. c`c o
c-c .yo_c o eoc. In olden
times (long ago) they used to drink
from a 'purka'. .yo_.y scoc'
.yo_ .o s
c:c:o c` oooa -< cc` oa
c ncoa.
.yo_ [purk] `òso.
.yo_ [purki] n. louse (lice). .yo_o/
.s<o/ oc ' n c cocooo/. Girls'
heads have a lot of lice. .c: cc.c c
occ' Js:_Ln eoeo.
.yo [purt] adjl. sufficient, enough,
adequate. 4|9|. - .yo =o. Keep
enough for me. P1 H 1|. - Looa
eoc:.
.y^ s [pustak] n. book. 43|4. .y^ so.
.y- [puste] n. pendant of necklace. conc
ô o.
.yL-
1
[puh-] 1) vt. to harness. 2)
vi. to be troubled, face difficulty.
.yL-
2
[puh-] vt. to wet. H"||.
.y [p$ja] n. worship. H1||. .y.
.yc [p$/&] n. vagina. .ys:.
.yc- [p$1-] 1) vt. drive. <c:.y. =L c<
.yc_ cooo/. They are riding the
moped. Doa c< <c:.y oa-_oa. 2)
vt. to chase.
.y- [p$n] adj. new (nm.). |. s` o .
.y- [p$n(r] adj. new (m.). |.
.yo [p$r#] n. part of the honey-comb
where the honey is. c- oe: .
.yo` [p$ro] adjl. all, the whole. .yo .
.yo`-s- [p$ro-k#-] vt. to complete,
finish. .yo n.
.y- [p$r-] vi. to get wet, be wet.
oc:c:e.
.y- -s- [p$si-k#-] vt. to question, ask.
.ocoo o:e. co C c- ``c s
`s`c .y-- sc. The guest having
gone was received well (lit. asked
good questions) . c:e co c0c c
co_c ` oa.
.y (-cc-) [p$s (-mahin)] n. month
10 of the Gond year (December-
January). .yc_o.
.oc_ [pe3/y] n. bundle of grass (tied
together). "1|.
.oc [pend(] n. riddle. ``c:.y sc. <o_s
oc_' n eD_ .oco/ ceoc. (ec:
cs coo cs? `.). At night having
sat by the fire they say (lit. throw)
riddles. (e.g. What is behind the leaf?
Brinjal). oO .ye -nv_ c:oco
so`_, `coc:, ``c:.y scc:
._coa.
.oc .yoc- [pe3d( pund-] vi. to guess a
riddle.
.e [pe--#] n. stomach. sc:.y.
.c [pe1&] n. seed, stone of fruit (other
than mango). no. s.y .c cc
eo_oc. Cotton seed is planted in the
field. .O noc: <:c' -e:coa.
See: eò.
.c [pett&] n. ant. Dc. .c o/ `s:c
cooo/. Ants come in the sugar.
Dcc: cs_oc' cLyco.

.-_ [penn&] n. frog. P4. s._.
.o- [pey-] vi. to be split.
.o- [pey$s-] vc. to split. seo/
oc_c n oc' è .o:ôc. They
split wood in order to burn wood at the
fire. se c<: coc:es: `ò_c'
.e: coa.
.o ` [peys] n. money. P|. o`c:.
.o c`s_ [per bokk#] n. honeycomb of
large bees. .c c<. See: coC.
.ooc [per&3/&] See: .ooc.
.os [per&k] n. rice (pl.). |H. Oo_c:.
.- `ò`C
.- [per-] vt. pick up.
.o_ [pers] adj. big (nm.), older woman.
4s|. .c c .
.o`_ [pers(r] adj. older man, big, fat,
important (m.). 4s|. .c coa.
.o_ .' [pers p&n] n. the big god; one
of the Gond gods, the big god.
.o_ cè [pers bo--] n. thumb. H " |.
.- - [pesi-] vi, vt. to go out, come out, bring
out, emerge, rise (sun). Jc co.
.-C_ [peselk] n. moong dhal (kind of
lentil), green gram pulse (pl.). .^c:.
.oc [p&3/] n. anus. " d|. n:c .
.s [p&k$r] n. children (pl.). s:coac:.
.s-cs [p&k$r-v&k$r] n. many
children. s:coac:.
.e [p&-i] oo`.
.cC [p&/l] n. boy, son. 4|H4. s`c:s:,
cc:c:.
.c [p&/i] n. girl. Hs4. soaoa, c 0s.
.' [p&n] n. god. (? 1. cLyc:.
.'-nc [p&n-ga1] n. holy place, place
where god is kept. cLy ^ cc:.
.. [p&pi] n. fathers elder brother, mother's
elder sister's husband. .c -<_.

.. [p&pr&] n. kind of woodwind
instrument. ^-_o.
.L [p&m] cDc' c<_o eoc:`òono.
.o [p&ri] n. mother's elder sister, father's
elder brother's wife. .c c.
.C_- [p&lk-] vi. to defecate. |D||. coan:
cc: .
.c [p&v1&] n. step of a ladder. _<
cc_<Ly<_ s_.
`òe' [po3-in] n. pen. scc:.
s e -`òe' [ke--&-po3-in] n. pencil (lit.
stick pen). . ' -C.
``s_ [pokn&] n. swollen area. ec_cc:.
``c [po-] n. skin of fruit, fish, husk. `è: .
so .oc Oo ``c .s_ soc. Having
eaten a banana they throw away the
peel. coe .oc: O c`s_ ò ` oa.
`è [po--i] See: e:._.
`ò- [pot-] vi. to fan into flame, light,
blaze, burn. coc:e.
`ò- [pot$s-] vc. to light, burn. ne`
ce' è ``c cn oc_ `òôc. In
order to cook food they light the fire at
the fireplace. c<_c: Loc:es:
`ò_c' cn ` oa.
`ò oo [pottanta] coc:oaoc .
``c [pod$r] n. insides, entrails. .n:.
.oc ``c [p&n/ pod$r] n. bowels.
Jo e .n:.
``cc [pod&l] n. small tree, bush, shrub.
`ò_.
``c- [pod-] vi. to go inside, enter.
``.o (co ) [poppay (marr)] n.
papaya tree. s. c``_o ( e: ).
```è [popp(-] n. bubble.

```` [popp(s] n. lungs.
`ò [poy$s] vt. to season (curry).
U4|. c0o.yco:.
`ò`c e [poro/a m(-r]
See: s s`c.
`ò`C [por(l] n. name. |P. .oa.
`ò _ (oo) `ò_
`ò_ (oo) [pork& (tars)] n. water-
snake.
`ò_ (co ) [pork& (marr)] n. kind of
tree. .os (e: ).
`ò` [porro] adv-ppn. on, upon. .<, Dc.
`ò`cC [porro/l] adv. from above. .
<:oc .
``c` (co ) [pol&s (marr)] n. kind of
tree. s.
``c_ [povv] n. flute. H|.
`ò-_C [pohnyl] See: co C.
`òJ' [poh$ncr] n. a big meal
together before guests leave (last
supper).
``c [pohp#] n. big chisel.

`ò [pohr] n. bucket. 4|H|. c`s-.
`ò -c- [p(nc&-m-] vi. to reach.
occ:. Dcc ^D =n ^s
`ò- co<. You must all reach
here (tomorrow) morning. Doocoa
=s_c `` c: - oas`c0. See: oL- .
`ò [p(n=j] See: s`- `ò.
`òc- [p(3/-] vt. to put on, wear, (draped
clothes such as dhoti). se: s`Lcc:.
cocoo ^D cc o/ `òc_
oococ. The 'dandari' dancers all
put on their 'dhotis' and dance.
cococ' cocoa cLoac: se <o_o
` oa.
``- [p(*-] vi. to flow, drown, wash away,
overflow. 4(|. s:co o oD
`òo. Having been filled the well
over flows. cDc' oa oc `òn
`òa oaoc .
``cc_ [p(cmma] See: cL_C.
``c [p(1] n. boil, pustule.
,è:_c (``c-s:c) [pho-ku1i (p(1-
ku1#)] 1) n. chicken pox. 2) insect bites.
``c [p(1d] n. sun. P 1H. ôa_c:.
``c -.--C [p(1d-pesinl] n. daybreak,
sunrise. H|1.
``c (D') [p(1d (m#n)] n. kind of fish.
`Ò [p(t#] n. necklace of married woman.
P "HP |. <c .y^c conc ô o.
-D ' n -c C `Ò cooc`. The
groom ties the marriage necklace
(mangal sutra) on the bride. Loac:
Lc:Ly ccc' conv ô o se: cc:.
``c [p(t&] n. large bag.
``cs [ph(1drek] advl. afternoon. cc_<o.
``<c [p(na1] n. kind of pigeon that lives in
the forest. 44 31. ``<c .e o/ scc
cocooo/. Wild pigeons live in the
forest. n:L_ os.y .c: ccDc'
eoeo.
`ò-
1
[p(y-] vi. to smoke (fire).
`ò [p(y] n. smoke, fume. H ; H .
``n.
`ò-
2
[p(y-] vi. to flower. 9 H|.
.y^: oc . co_ co `c' è
`òoo. The mango tree flowers in
order to (bear) fruit. cDc e:
soc: s^:es: .yc: .y^: oc .
`ò (-cc-) [p(r (-mahin)] n.
month 5 of the Gond year (July-
August). Lco.
`òc [p(r1] n. mother in law, wife's
mother, husband's mother. co c.
co s`< co -s `òc coc. My
wife's mother is my mother in law.
co_ o0 -s: co cLyoaoc.
`ò [p(ri] n. young one of animal. s`c.c .
`ò_ [p(rk] n. sapling, young tree. s.
``ê `òC cccc
``ê `òC [p(sa-i p(ral] n. orphan boy.
c-c .c cc:.
``ê `ò [p(sa-i p(ri] n. orphan girl.
c-c cc .c .
``- -s- [p(s#-k#-] vt. to train up (a child),
raise (horses, etc.).
``c-c- [p(h&-m-] vi. to swim
(animals).

;

;c [pha1#] n. small spoon.
;c [pha1&] n. hood of cobra.
;ooo/ [phary#*g] n. west. ? P.
.cco.
;o [pharr] n. small drum.
,s-s- [phki-k#-] vt. to divide, separate,
spread.
,s-c- [phk&-m-] vi. to be spread,
separated.
,s-s- [ph&k#-k#-] vt. to throw. $|4|.
D^ cc:. soc oc: ,s- s- coc`.
the boy is throwing the ball. cc_o
coO D^:oa oa-_oa.
,è:_c [pho-ku1i] See: ``c.
,`s C [ph(krl] adv. hollow. |H|.
,`c_ [ph(1y] See: .yoa' ò.
,`c [ph(/r#] n. calf (of leg).

c

coe [ba3-i] adv. on what day? when. H4.
J._c:.
coc [ba3/] n. rock, stone. '|. coc.
coc-s- [band-k#-] vt. to close, finish.
coc-c- [band--] vi. to close, finish.
cs [bakr] See: c's:c.
cn [bagg] adv. where? Js_c.
cn ' [baggan] advl. anywhere,
somewhere. Js_c-.
cn '--c [baggan-selle] advl. nowhere.
c`_o/ [bacc(*g] pron. how many? J_.
c`_ [bacc(r] pron. how much? Joo.
c [bacl&] pron. how many? (nm.). J_.
cD_ [bacv#r] pron. how many?(m.).
Jocoa. s cD_ soc coc? How
many boys do you have? s: Joo
coc .c c:-_oa.
cc -s- [ba1#-k#-] vt. to increase. 4|.
cc-c- [ba1&-m-] vi. to increase.
4|.
cc [ba1g] n. medium thickness stick,
rod. Us|. See: cc .
cc [ba//&] See: c c .
co [bata] pron. what?
coC [batal] pron. what? LDe .
coo [baty] advl. anything,
something. Lc ese .
coo--c [baty-selle] advl. nothing
at all. LD cc:.
co o/-.yO o/ [batta*g-putti*g] pron.
whatever, anything, this or that,.
cO [batti] advers. but. 1.
cO [batt#s] num. thirty-two. 4d|P.
cc-cc [bad$r-bad$r] adjl.
blurred. ccC- co ' c - soc
cccc côc`. Boys at a
distance appear blurred to old men and
cc < co _
women. c:^0 cv_s: coo <:oc
s.o cc:c: c^s, c^s
s. ` c:.
cc< [badena] pron. whose? (nm.).
cc [bad] pron. which ,any, who (nm.).
cc [badd&] pron. anybody (nm.)
anything, somebody (nm.) something.
JLo` esoa.
cc --c [badd&-selle] pron. nobody
(nm.) nothing.
cco/ (cc oo/) [badra*g (bad ra*g)]
pron. which colour?
cc -s- [badl&-k#-] vt. to change. 4dH|.
cc -c- [badl&-m-] vi. to change.
4dH|. -L oo c <n cc co.
My bag got changed on the bus. -
ôD c^:_c' co`ò<c.
co (c) [bay (bai)] adjl. much, many.
4(3
.
co [bay/] See: cc .
cL [bav] pron. which, who, what.
c-_ [bask&] adv. when? J._c:. c-_
cOc?. When did you come?. J._c:
LD_-oa.
c-_' [bask&n] advl. anytime,
sometimes.
c-_'--c [bask&n-selle] advl. never.
c-_-c-_ [bask&-bask&] advl.
sometimes. c-_- c-_ c -e ^c
coc`'. I go sometimes in order to see
my village. c._c._c: c eoa
cccs cv <:.
c^ c [bast$r vr] n. Thursday.
n:oacoc:.
co' [bahan] advl. how?
co' . . . co' . . . [bahan . . . ahan .
. .] as....so..
cccc_C [bahit/yl] adj. wild man,
savage, thug, terror. H"H|.
cc [bahri] adv-ppn. outside. 4 4|(1.
coe.
cs [bk#] n. debt, loan. 4H . c._. See: so .
cn-s- [bg#-k#-] vt. to bend. P1|s|.
.oco/ sò' è soO cn- soc`.
In order to pluck fruit he bent the
branch. .oc: coccs s`c<:
Loc:cc: See: Loa- .
cn oC [bg1iyl] adj. curved, bent,
slightly crooked. See: cs C.
c [bj] n. side. c.y.
ccC [btl] pron. of what kind? (nm.).
cc` [bt(r] pron. of what kind? (m.).
cc [bdra] num. co_.
c' [bn] n. arrow. ccc:.
c. [bp&] pron. with which?
ccC [bbl] n. father. 3|. ooc .
cc (co ) [bb$r (marr)] n. babul
tree. s. coc (e: ).
cc' [bb(] n. father. 3|. ooc .
cc (co ) [bb1& (marr)] n. kind of
tree. s.
co [byi] n. elder sister. cs_.
co cC [byll] n. eunuch. P4.
co_ [byk(] n. wife. c |. co_.
cos [byik] n. wives, ladies. cs_c:.
co [bra] num. twelve. 4|1(. .-_oc:.
co [bri] advl. why? Joc:s:.
co c s [brittek&; bri-ittek&] Variant:
co - =c s . corr. because, (lit. 'if say
why'). 4 |4.
cos [brik] adj. thin (used for long
objects such as pipes, sticks, finger,
people, but not flat objects such as
paper or cloth).
co_ [brc#] n. carving tool used primarily
for on wood. co_c seC eLo/
s_oc. The legs of a bed are carved
with a *. ccc` coco s`v:_
s:_coa.
so co_ [key brc#] n. small tool for
carving wood.
c' co_ [nilo brc#] n. large tool for
carving (digging out) wood which is
swung while standing.
c- c- coc
c-c- [br-v-] vi. to flower. 9 H|.
cL' [bvan] num. fifty-two. 4|.
cD [bvis] num. twenty-two. 4|(P.
c`c [bs-] num. sixty-two. 4|P.
cc_-c- [bhk&-m-] vi. to go wrong,
be in vain.
Ooc [bind&] n. vessel. 413.

O_nocC [bicceg3/al] n. beggar (m.).
cc:s:_-cc:.
O_noc [bicceg3/&] n. beggar (f.).
O o (co ) [bijj$r# (marr)] n. lemon
tree. c (e: ). citrus medica acida.
See: 0oc (co ).
OO [bitti] n. span.
Oco (co ) [bib$t (marr)] n. ash tree.
s.
Oo [biy&] n. spouse's younger sister.
co c:.
O [bir] adj. tight.

Oc [billa] n. coin. P4 4|.
O [b#] attr. also, emphatic particle. H|.
sc.
Oc [b#/] n. inner room. 4P1|. nc .
Oc [b#/#] n. cigar, 'bidi', local cigarette.
Occ:.
Occ [b#b-] n. young tiger. Doao .y0.
c:s_ [bukk] n. handful (of food). c:c .
c:s_ [bukn#] n. fine particles. .oc (`c).
c:n [bugg] n. balloon, bulb.
c:D_
1
[bucci] n. fruit of maize.
c:D_
2
[bucci] n. little girl.
c: c [bujj&1] n. scarecrow. cc:oa.
c:c_o [bu1k$;] n. snail.
c:c_- [bu1k-] vi. to spring up, gush out.
c:c [bu//i] n. clay pot, earthen vessel,
dish-shaped hollow. s:oc. c:c o/
s:c_C soc`. A potter makes pots.
s:occ: s:co ` c:.
c:c-cc o (-cc-) [bu1-bhv&y (-
mahin)] n. month 3 of the Gond year
(May-June). co ocô.
c:c [budl] n. rear, or tail of bird.
c:c_ [budvr] n. Wednesday.
c:ccoc:.
c:o - [buy s&*] n. groundnut.
c:o [buyl#] n. hemp. c:o o -c
-eoc. With hemp they twist (make)
rope. <:cc' cc: cc: coa.
c:oas [buruka] n. small pieces of trash,
rubbish, or waste. oas:_.
c:- [bur-] vt. to kiss, nuzzle. P|.
c:c: .
c:o_C [burkl] n. tiger. 4|. .y0.
c:o_C [bursl] adj. furry, covered with
hair. oc (Jc ) c:o_C cocoo.
Bears are covered with hair.
Jc:n:coe coe: scc` eoe:oc .
c:o_s [bursik] n. 1) harvest festival
(during which freshly harvested grain
is offered to the ancestors). 2) during
the 'divadi' festival a small pot of rice
is prepared with a burning wick which
is placed at the door, and later fed to
the animals.
c:c [bulla] n. hole (nest) in a tree used by a
wood-pecker or owl.
coc [b$nd] n. collection, girls or ladies
collect money from others in the
village in a cloth.
cc c`c_
cc [b$1] n. bread prepared with ghee.
cc [b$/] adv-ppn. under, underneath.
s oc. ec:C cc .y^ s coo. The
book is under the table. cc s oc
.y^ sc: e<_c.
cc-c- [b$/-ar-] vi. to fall down.
cc-co- [b$/-r$s-] vt. to defeat.
(1||.
co [b$r] n. feather. es, o`cc:.
c [b$r] pron. who? which? (m.pl.).
JLoa.
c [b$s] c:-_.
cc [be//&] n. bamboo stick. co C c c
(co ) eL csoc`. The old man
is walking leaning on his stick.
c:^0cc: se ôoc:c`
<c:` oa. See: cc .
oac o-cc [tuttri-be//&] n. a spiked
bamboo stick used for urging bullocks
forward.
c. -cc [dpi-be//&] n. a bamboo stick
with a sharpened metal spike at one
end used to prod bullocks while
plowing, and a blunt blade-like
instrument at the other end for
removing mud from the plough.
co [bey&] n. mother. P| .

co-ccC [bey&-bbl] n. mother
and father, parents. co - ccC
cs:' <_ -c. Mother and father
gave birth to me. cc -<_ cs:
-_oa.
coC [berl] n. honeycomb of large bees.
c-.e: . See: .o c`s_.
co0 (co ) [ber$l# (marr)] n. the
banyan tree. s. oD (e: ). ficus
bengalensis.
co [berr&] clitic. reportative.
c_- [bers-] vi. to grow.
c c oC [behriyl] adj. deaf (m.). 4(1|.
Decc:. See: c C.
cc [behr#] adj. deaf (f.). 4(1|.
Deoc:. See: c C.
co/- [b&*g-] vi. to creep, crawl.
coD [b&nci] n. desk, table. PH. cc .
cs [b&ke] adv. where? whither?
coc [b&nd] adv. where?, in which side?
cocC [b&3dl] adv. from where?
coc-os_ [b&3d-hakk&] advl. from
all sides.
cc [b&c1] num. forty-two. 4|H|P.
ce -c- [b&-e-m-] vi. to meet. PH|.
sc:^:e.
co c c [b&t be//&] n. measuring stick
made of bamboo.
co [b&re] n. thin strip of bamboo used for
tying things. coc:.
cò [bo;] n. nipple. o`c:.
c`s- [bok&n] See: `ò .
c`s- [bok-] vi. to erupt, to irritate. sò_
.co o c`C c:' c`s_oo. The oil of
the 'kohka' nut irritates the skin.
cno <- coe:c ``s:_c L` o.
c`s_ [bokka] n. bone. H1 . c`s_.
c`n [bog1] n. high place.
c`c [bo-] n. red spot on forehead. cè: .
coc: cos cc0 c`c sooc.
Hindu ladies and men wear a * (spot
on the forehead). coc:Lyc:,
.yoacac:, - c:, cè: . e: s:oeoa.
cè [bo--] n. finger. 3 "H|. c c:.
cè [bo--&] n. kind of fish. PUH|. ..
c`c_- [bo1s-] vt. to roast, fry. H |.
c`c c [bod&l] n. small wild gourd.
c`c_ [bomma] n. toy, doll. c`c.
c`L c ce`
c`L c [bovla] n. platform for weddings.
co _' n -D , -c C ec' è c`L c
ceooo/. At a marriage, in order for
the bride and groom to sit, (the ladies)
put a platform. .oc c' Lc:, Loac:
so`_Lcs nc c: c` oa.
c'on [b(*g] n. kind of wind instrument
that produces only one note for
accompaniment. ^-_o. .ec,
cò eC c'on eo_oc. 'Pardhan'
and 'Thoytal' people play (blow) the *.
. c', cè, ^-_o co` oa.
c'oc [b(nt] n. quilt. . nc:o c'oc
c:coc. During the winter season
they cover (themselves) with a quilt.
c0sco còoc: s._s:oeoa.

c's:c [b(ku/] n. male goat. 441|.
cs`òa.
c'sc . c [b(k$1 pill] n. male young of
goat or sheep. cs`òa (.c ).
c'c [b(1#] adj. shaven-headed. c'cn:oc:.
c c < c co s c'c soc.
After small babies lose their umbilical
cord, they have their heads shaven.
cco, cc_o, c`c: ec<
ooaco coe: sc: O` oa.
c'c_C [b(1kl] adj. bald. ce ocnc.
c'< [b(na] pron. whose? (m.). JLoc .
c'c C [b(m1l] n. Brahmin. c o<:c:.
c'c [b(m1&] n. female Brahmin.
c' [b(r] pron. who, which (m.). JLoa.
c'o [b(r&] pron. anybody (m.),
somebody (m.). JLo` esoa.
c'o--c [b(r&-selle] pron. nobody (m.).
c' . . . c' . . . [b(r . . . b(r . . .] pron.
the one... the other.
c_-L [bynov] num. ninety-two. 4| .
c__ [byns#] num. eighty-two. 4|P|.
c_oo [byhattar] num. seventy-two.
4(d1.

c

cs C [bhaktal] n. medicine man who uses
traditional herbal (ayurvedic)
medicines. .yo . cn cco ccs
cs C `s`c soc`. When there is a
major illness the medicine man makes
it better. .c o`nc: L- .yo coDn
` c:.
co`^ [bhar(sa] adj. trustworthy. 1|.
<cso.
co`^c` [bhar(sat(r] n. trustworthy
man.
co c [bhar*1#] n. rib cage.

coc [bh3/&] n. gun. oa`s.
c [bh*#] n. hair parting.
ce` [bh-(] n. older sister's husband.
cL.
cc coc
cc [bh1#] n. a small grain.
co [bhy] See: co (c).
co-co-c- [bhy-bhy--] vi. to
dawn.
cc o (-cc-) [bhv&y (-mahin)] n.
month 2 of the Gond year (April-
May). cc:.
Oso_cC [bhikarv1l] See: O_nocC.
Oc [bhiv/] n. large basket.
O^c_- [bhis$1k-] vi. to slip, slide.
ococ D'_ .o -s D'_ co
O^c_ooo/. At the dam, while
catching fish, the fish slip (slide) a lot.
oaLyc' .c: .e e._c: c .c:
o._oc: s:oeo.
Oc [bh#1] See: Oc.
OcC [bh#ml] n. name of one of the
Gond gods. Oc: cLyc:. ê cc-
OcC .' c .y soc. In
November-December they do
'Bheemal' god pooja. co o
c^coc: OL cLy .y ` oa.
cc -c- [bhud&-m-] n. loss.
<c `òoc:.
cO [bh$t#] n. employment, work. |41|.
s0. <L_ - cos co <0 cO
so so c:`` -e coc. In the
villages ladies and men in order to
work (be employed) go to other
villages. ev_c' cccoa,ncoa
s0. sòs: co eos cv:_coa.
cc_C [bh$mkl] See: cco.
coo [bh$yr#] n. cave. |(. n:o.
co cC [bh$ytl] n. worker (m.).
s:0cc:.
co c [bh$yt&] n. worker (f.).
cc-c- [bh$l&-m-] vi. to forget. H H|.
cn scc `` ô cccc`.
Having gone to the big forest he forgot
the way. .c ccDc's c0_ c` L coD
`òc:.
coc [bh&3/#] n. ladies-finger vegetable
(okra). H s|. coc so.
cn-cn [bh&g#-bh&g#] See: co_- co_.
cc_ [bh&1k#] n. wild sheep. aos. sc nò o
(nò c:') cc_ =oc. A wild (male)
sheep is called a *. ccD ce `òa<:
cc_ coeoa.
cc [bh&br&] n. tomato. ece.
c0 [bh&l#] n. jaggery, coarse brown sugar.
" s. cc o. e coc< c0 soc. They
make 'jaggery' from sugarcane. e:s:
nc <:oc cc o O` oa.
c`D [bhovr#] n. whirlpool. ^:c .
c'cC [bh(/l] adj. yellow. |H|. sc_
c'cC cocoo. Turmeric is yellow.
.^:.y .^:.y .c_n eoe:oc .
c'co [bh(/$;] n. a bull dedicated to the
temple to be worshipped.
c'oC [bh(yl] n. fisherman. PU H.
c'o [bh(y&] n. fisherman's wife.
c'oc [bh(r/#] n. evil spirit. co_o.

c

con0 [ma*gl#] n. barber. conc'c:.
See: coc_.
con (co ) [ma*g# (marr)] n. kind of
tree. s.
con c [ma3g$r vr] n. Tuesday.
convcoc:.
co/ [ma*g] See: co .
co [man=j&] adv. after. 4|d. oo_o.
coc [ma3/] n. shelter. .oco .
coo co _o/
coo [manta] vi. existential verb 'is', there
is. e<_c.
coc [mand] n. herd, group of cattle or
sheep. coc. nò o/ c0 co cc
coco/ nò o/ oooc. Shepherds
bring big herds (flocks) of sheep.
n`v_coa Js:_L nè c cocc<:
c ` oa.
cocc [mand$1#] n. group. dH.
coc [mand&] n. pleasure. |d.
coc-c- [mand&-v-] vi. it is pleasing.
coc-.- [mand&-p#-] vi. to take
pleasure.
coc- [mand-] vi. to be, live, stay,
continue.
c-_c [manm1] gerund. to stay.
cs- [mak-] vi. to hide. U|, U |.
cs--- [mak#-s#-] vt. to hide something.
cc:e.
cs_o/ [makke*g] n. maize. cs_c:.
c/- [mag-] vi. to be healed (wound).
cn [magg$r] n. crocodile. P41.
^0.
c [mac] n. dew. . nc:o <o_s co
c cooc. During the winter much
dew falls. c0sco oO .ye c
coc: s:oa^ oc .
c_o [majb$t] adjl. strong. PH4 3.
ne n.
ceo [ma-am] n. temple. P d1. cocoo.
cco/ [ma1in] conoa n:oc: .
cc [ma1#] n. bead of a necklace. cc.y^.
cc- [ma1$-] vi. to be charred (for
example food at the bottom of a
cooking vessel). ccoc .
cc_o (cc_) [ma1kn=j (ma1ks)]
n. kind of small fish (sg.). <c ..
cc__ [ma1ksk] n. kind of small
fish (pl.). <c .c:.
cO [mat#] advers. but. 1.
co [mat] n. medicine, lotion, potion, drug.
coc:. cs C -s =c cco o co
-s =c` . The medicine man
prescribed me medicine for this illness.
.yo -s: e o`no coc: =^ <: c
c-_oa.
c<:_ [mannu] v. to be. eoc:.
c-_ [mann&] adv. day after tomorrow.
Jc:oc .
co <C [maynal] n. man. HdP|. cc.
co [mayj] n. barber's razor, blade.
conc'< sO .
co '-`ò- [maydn-son-] vi. to go to
toilet (lit. 'field').
co_- [mayy$s-] vt. 1) to spare, cause
to remain. 4|. 2) to cause to win.
cosòcC (oo) [marako3/al (tars)]
n. kind of snake that lives in trees.
c:n:`c:.
coc [mara-] pron. we (excl.). c<c:.
coao/- [maru*g-] vt. to forget. H H|.
co_co. <<_ o`' sò o/ coao/ -
cc`'. I came, having forgot the
money at home. -<: cc:_c: =oes
Lc coD L_<:.
coo [mar$;] adv-ppn. behind. 4 |U .
. s_s:. c os_ coo coC s-
coc`. He is doing something back
(behind) there. co< s.ocs:oc
Lo ^: -_c:.
co_ cco/ [marka b&lan] cDc so
c`s:_.
co_ (co ) [mark (marr)] n. mango
tree. s. cDc (e: ).
c (co ) [mard (marr)] n. saj tree. s.
cc ( e: ).
c_ cc [marn/1] n. father's sister's
daughter.
c_ c [marn/$] n. male cross-cousin.
co _o/ [marm#*g] n. marriage ceremony.
. oc c:. soc co . c co cns
ccs co_o/ soc. Boys and girls,
having become big (matured), they get
co c-
married. cc_o s cco s
.c cv:_ co_s .0_ ` oa.
co [marra] n. insecticide, pesticide.

co -cc_ [marra-/abb] n. back-
mounted pesticide pump.
co [marr] n. tree. s. e: .
co [marri] n. son. . s:coac:.
co -=D_ [marri-ivv#r] n. father and
son (pl.).
co -Doc [marri-miy1] n. boys and
girls, sons and daughters (pl.).
co [marla] advl. 1) again. 91. =os,
cv_. 2) afterwards. 4|d P . oo_o.

c_ [mars] n. axe. n`c 0.
cco (D') [malan=j (m#n)] n. kind of
fish. PUH|. . .oa.
ccc [maleda] n. oè c:s_c: cc o.
cC [mal] n. peacock. -c0.
cC-.e [mal-pa--] n. peacock
feather belt.
cC- [mal-] vi. to return. H||. cc:_.
cc- [mal$s-] vc. to return, bring
back. H||.
cC ^:c:o [malsu1um] .;.oa.
cc [mall] See: co .
cc_ (-c) [malv (-j1i)] n. kind of
grass. |P.
c-c-.' [mas&m-p&n] n. one of the
Gond gods. cLyc:.
c_ oC [maskyl] n. a man who tends
buffaloes. co c: c.cc:.
c^ oC [mastaral] n. teacher. H. |4.
coa_c:. c`c o c-c `c co_'
c^ oC =oc. A long time ago school
teachers were called *. .yo_.y sco
ooc: cc ._ coa_c: c^ oC
c- coa.
c` C [masrl] adj. 1) dirty. " d|. c:o_,
<c n. 2) blackish. sòo <c:.<.
cc- [mahin] n. month. P(||. -c.
cco [mah#t] See: coa.
co' (-cc-) [maho (-mahin)] n.
month 11 of the Gond year (January-
February). c;o.
cL- [mah-] vt. to finish.
co_ (co ) [mahk (marr)] n. Bengal
quince, 'bel' tree. s. coc: (e: ).
aegle marmelos.
cL_- [mahk-] vt. to search for. coas:.
co-.yc [mn=j-pu1#] n. glow worm.
D<:n:oa .yoan:. co .yc <o_s
Dc_oo. Glow worms flash (spark) at
night. D<:n:oa .yoan: oO cv_c'
coa^: oc .
coc [m3/i] n. thigh, lap. H|.
coc -s- [m3/i-k#-] vt. to arrange, tidy,
set (trap). P H||.
coc [mndi] n. crowd of people, big
affair. . c:.
c:s_ coc [cukk& mndi] n. thought.
3|.
c [mc] n. dirt on skin. cc.
c- [mc-] vt. to plaster, smear, daub.
ce Do/-
ce [m-#] n. kind of edible root from the
forest. nc (c:o.).
ce_C [m-yl] n. whirlwind, tornado.
4|| .
cc [m/#] n. house (with multiple
levels). P4|. con .
cc_- [m1k-] vi. to glance. $|4|.
cc_ [m1s(] n. husband. 3. co .
cco [mtera] c<_oc' s^:_.
coC [mtral] n. old man. c:^0cc:.
coo [mtari] n. old woman.
c:^cc.
cc [mdg#] n. tanner (person who tans
animal hides). ccn. cc coo/
`cs co< c`C cococ`. When
cows die, the tanner removes the skin
of the cow. ccn ooaLyc: c- c`c:
c`` c:.
c' [mn] n. honour, respect. H|H.
co_c.
c'-co_c-s- [mn-maryda-k#-] vt.
to honour.
c'-`' oao/- [mn-pn tu*g-] vt. to
honour.
c--c- [mn&-m-] vi. to be
respectful.
c'- [mn-] vi. to be made. 4 "|. ô
cs_- cs_ coo. Having walked and
walked, a path was made. H4 -H4
1|1 3| 4 "|. c` L <cD, <cD
Jo c<c.
ccC [mmal] n. mother's brother,
father's sister's husband. cc.
co [my] n. kindness. 34|1.
coc:.
co [my-a] n. bangle, anklet (worn by
married ladies). scoo. -D ccs
s o cn co soa-ooo/. Having
become a bride they (ladies) wear a
bangle on their arm (wrist). .0_
soaoas: os scoc: c`c n ` oa.
co_ [myy] n. love. ! |1.
coa- [mrus-] vt. to tease, to pull faces.
e -s:' coa-- coc. They
are teasing me. coa <<:_ cv<
^: -_oa.
coC [mr&l] n. wing. . os_.
c [mr] n. blow, beating.
c- [mr-] vi. to be finished. Dc P (||.
co_0 (-c) [mrv&l# (-j1i)] n. kind of
grass. |P.
cc:oc (oo) [mlu3/# (tars)] n. two
headed snake. ooc:occ`c:.
cC [ml] n. produce, cultivated goods,
wares. 9PH.
cc_C [mlkl] n. head of household,
owner. oc.
cL [mva] pron. our (sg.). c<c.
cLo/ [mvang] pron. our (pl.). c<c.

cL [mv] n. deer. c:. _. cL s cn
scc cocooo/. Deer live in the big
forest. c:._c: ccDc' eoeo.
c^C [ms$l] n. python. HH"1.
s`cDc:L. c^C oo <_ oa'
cD s- s_ Ooc. The python wraps
around animals and having killed, it
eats. sòc Dc:L ooaLyc<: .e co.
Ooec .
c- [ms-] vi. to start a fire, get a fire
going.
Do/- [mi*g-] vt. to swallow. "H|.
Don:e. oc_ ccs n`0o/ Donoc.
Having got fever they swallow tablets.
_oc: L- n`0c: c^:s:oeoa.
Do- D- C
Do- [min=j-] vi. to be covered over,
buried, immersed.
Doc- [mi3/-] vi. to sleep. P||. .oc:s`.
Doc- [mi3/$s-] vc. to put to sleep.
.occ e: e.
Doc [mind#] n. eyelash. s<:_ o._.
Dc:_s-c:c:_s [miccuk-muccuk] adj.
flashing. coa^:e. .y< o`' -on _s
Dc:_s- c:c:_s co_0 cc_
cooc. While inaugurating a new
house, they tie flashing lights. <o<
no. co -e._c: D<_ Dc:_o
c.c: =c: s: se: s:oeoa.
D`_ [micc(] n. scorpion. 4 U . cc:.
.oc D`_ [pan/i micc(] n. a reddish
coloured scorpion. Jo e cc:.
De:- [mi-us] vt. to apply (rice, or
vermilion) in order to bless. c;_
.yo -e .o_o/ sC s:' cs_co/
De:ôc. On 'laxmi pooja' day they
apply rice (as a blessing) on their
cattle. c; .y o` cLyc sv_s:
c;occ: c` oa.
Dc:o/- [mi1u*g-] vi. to turn over.
Dc- [mi1$s-] vi. to turn over.
Dc_- [mi1c-] vc. flash of light (as in
lightning, or glow worms). P4|.
coa^: oc .
Dc_ LC [mi1cval] n. lightning.
D<o/- [min$*g-] vi. to taste sweet.
D-c (co ) [min(1 (marr)] n. kind
of tree. s.
D-cC [min(1l] n. tortoise. cocc:.
See: s``.
D< C [min*$l] n. spark.
Doc [miy1] n. daughter. |. soaoa.
co ccC oc_ .c' Doc
=oc. A mother and father's girl is
called a daughter. cc -<_c: co
soaoac<: D-_oac: coeoa.
Do- [miy-] vi. to sprout, become
abundant.
Doc [mira-] pron. you. Doa.
Do/ [mir$g] n. start of rainy season (in
June).
D- [mir-] vi. to splash.
Do_c [mirk$-] n. chilli (pounded into
flakes). n`c: soc:.
D- [mis-] vt. to bury. d9||. còc
.e: e. c'o co `cs cc sD_
Dôc. If anyone dies, a hole is dug
and they buried them. JLo < c``c
còc oD_ Ò .e: coa.
D- -s- [mis1#-k#-] vt. to mix. PH||.
sc_cc:. co <C oò è DDc
D- - soc`. The worker is mixing
cement for the house. cc =c:
se: es: -coc sc:.yoa-_c:.
DL- [mih-] vt. to bathe. (||; (H||;
(H||. `_<c: ooc:e.

D' [m#n] n. fish. PUH|. ..
D' e`C (.e ) [m#n -o*l (pi--&)] n.
stork. sòn.
Do-s- [m#ri-k#-] vt. to gather, collect. c
occ:. .so/ cc o/ so_' è
``c o/ ``c o/ Do- sooo/. Girls, in
order to play with small containers,
gather them (from) the rubbish heaps.
cc.c c: cecc._c: cLy .c
s:._cc' cc_c: c ` oa.
Do-c- [m#r&-m-] vi. to gather.
n:Dscoa.
DL [m#va] pron. your (pl.). 3. Dc.
D-C [m#s&l] n. whisker, fin (of fish).
D^c:.
D-C_ [m#s&lk] n. moustache. D`c:.
co <' D-C_ cocooo/. Men
c:on c:o
have moustaches. .yoacacs: D`c:
eoeo.
c:on [mu*g$r] n. roof, lean to. U3.
c:on (co ) [mu*g& (marr)] See: c:c
(co ).
c:oc [mun/i] adj. lazy. oco<o.
See: cocC.
c:ocC [mu3/&l] n. vertical pole (with a
pointed end to attach the cross beam
patti') used for the side of a house.
c:so [muk&r] n. nose ring. c:s:_
.ycs. coos c:soo/ ``s <n
soooo/. Old ladies wear nose rings on
their noses. c:^0 cccoa c:s:_s:
c:s_o c`c:n:coa.
c:n [mug$s] n. mongoose. c:on^.
c:n oo^:' o<_ c`c e:s o/
soo. A mongoose cuts (makes) a
snake into pieces using its mouth.
c:on^ `c:<: o<-ec` c:s_c:
^: oc .
c:n [mugg#] n. bud of flower.
c:- [muc-] vt. to cover. U|, U |.
s._e. <o_s ^D c:D_ <o_oc. At
night everyone sleeps having covered
themselves. oO .ye cocoa ce c:
s. _ .c:s:oeoa.
c:c_c [mucca1] n. cover, lid, stopper,
capping. co.
c:c:_s [muccuk] ppnl. without. 4 4|.
c:c:_s c ``-_o. Without
him we will not go. o._ cc:
cv_cc:.
c: -s- [mujr-k#-] vi. 1) to salute.
Loc<c:, <c`_oc:. 2) to put hands
together to greet someone (not a
handshake!).
c:c- [mu--] vt. to recognize.
c:e [mu--#] n. 1) fist. P '. . cs0.
2) short handle (of implement,
weapon, whip etc.) that can by gripped
by the fist.
c:e -c' [mu--#-m&n] n. handful.
c:c - [mu1#-] vi. to snore. co0 <o_s
<oac_s c:cooc. Old men snore
while sleeping at night. c:^0coa
c `òe._c: c:oa nè: coa.
c:c- [mu/-] vi. to tip over, be immersed.
s 4||.
c:c- [mu/$s-] vi. to drown, etc.
s 4||; s 4||.
c:c:o/- [mu/u*g-] vi. to dive.
c:c - [mu//$s-] vt. to fold (a cloth).
c:c_- [mu1s-] vi. to stoop.
c:c [mudda] n. ring. H " . eonoc:.
-D -c C co_o/ ccs oe:c_
cè <n c:c o/ s o coc. The bride
and groom having got married go to
the market in order to wear rings.
Lc:Ly, Loac: .oc co_s concs
c 0_ eonoc:c: c`c:n:coa.
c:c cè [mudda bo--] n. ring
finger, second finger.
c:c [mudd] num. thirteen. 31|.
.ccc:.
c:_ [munnis] c:._c.
c:-_ [munne] adv-ppn. forward, before,
in front of. H. c:oco.
c:` [mup-] n. fold. 3(.
c:oc
1
[mur1#] n. cowshed.
c:oc
2
[mur1#] n. a large basket for
storing paddy.
c:oao/ o [muru*gta] adjl. cold (water).
s|. cc e (oa).
c:- [mur-] vi. to grow, to ripen.
c:o [murt] n. full grown (nm.).
c:o` [murt(r] n. full grown (m.).
c: (co ) [mur (marr)] n. flame of the
forest tree. s. c:n: (e: ). butea
frondosa.
c:oa c -s- [murgu1#-k#-] vt. 1) to wring the
neck of an animal. 2) to twist
someone's arm or skin. 7|.
c:o [murr&] n. fried gram. .ye_c:.
c:c (co ) co
c:c (co ) [mulg& (marr)] n. Indian
horse-radish tree.
c:^ [mus$r] n. monsoon. oaoa.L<o.
ooc coc coo/ c:L .o_cs
c' c:^ =oc. If it goes on
raining for two or three days or more
they call that monsoon. ooc: cc:
o`c: es ccon Lo o L- c
c:^ coeoa.
c:-_ [musk&] n. animal's muzzle. c:-_.
s.y, `<_c n cc `-s sòc' n
c:-_o/ cooc. While using the
'daura' for cotton or 'jowar' muzzles are
tied on the bullocks. cc' n:oe:s:
sè e._c: Jc: c::cs: c`c:n:
c`cn ` oa.
c:- o_-. - [mus/&rk-p#-] vi. to be
bloated due to indigestion.
c:-c:-sL- [mus-mus-kav-] vi. to
giggle.
c:L- [muh-] vt. to block, plug.
c:L_- [muhc-] vi. to bark. H4|.
coc [m$nd] num. three (nm.). 3|.
cc:.
c:D_ [muvv#r] pron. three (m.). 3|.
c:n: oa.
cs [m$k] adjl. dumb, mute, person
who cannot speak. " "|. cncc:.
c:c c-s C Lc_ co c'
csC =oc. Someone who since
birth cannot speak is called dumb.
D<_n:<_._e <:oc ce co
co cn coeoa.
cs [m$k&] adjl. feminine dumb,
mute, person who cannot speak.

co [m$r] n. cow. "|. cLy.
cooC [m$r#yl] n. father-in-law.
PP 1. cco_.
co c_ cc [m$r& marn/1] n.
mother's brother's daughter.
co co [m$r& marri] n. husband's
brother's son.
c- [m$r-] vi. to be blocked.
c_- [m$sk-] vt. to sniff, nuzzle, inhale.
See: c:-_.
ce [me--] n. mountain. (|s; (|s|.
n:e .
cc [med$r] n. brain. dP|/. ccc:.
cooo [meyanta] Dn:c:oaoc .
coc-c- [mey1--] vi. to disappear.
coc: cL_co. <<_ sò =n'
=o_, cs coc co?. I left money
right here, where has it disappeared?.
-<: cc:_c: =s_c eo<: Je:
coo co<D.
co- [mey-] vt. to win. H|3|. n 0_oc .
c0- [mel#-] vi. to shake. $$|s|.
cc- [mel$s-] vi. to shake. $ $|s|.
c- - [mes#-] vt. to sharpen.
c-C-coc [mesel-ba3/] n.
sharpening stone. co_s, co_o/,
ss o/ c-C- cocc n c-ooc.
They sharpen axes, carving tools and
chisels are on a sharpening stone.
n`c 0, cc, e0 <oc s coc .
os:coa.
c [mes] n. small bee-hive.
co [m&n=j] n. egg (sg.). H s|. n:c: .
c_ [m&sk] n. egg (pl.). H s . n:c: .
coc os - s-
coc [m&3d#] n. henna. lawsoina alba.
cocC [m&nd(l] n. body. 3. ooc:.
cocC-. [m&nd(l-pi-] vi. to get fat.
c [m&j] n. table. PH. cc . See: ecC.
cc [m&/] n. eaves of roof. n:o.
cOo/ [m&t#*g] n. fenugreek seeds.
-c', -coc [- m&n, -m&3/] clitic.
equivalent to English -ful. 1|.
co- [m&y-] vi. to graze. 1|.
cL- [m&h-] vt. to cause to graze. 1|.
sè [moko-a] n. mask.
s`_o [mok(;] n. face. P . o.
s` -s- [mok1(-k#-] vt. to stretch oneself.
C [moksal] c:_ L_s .
cs [mo/(k] n. shoot of a seed.
`òO' .yo s 0 cso/
cooo/. If soya beans get wet the
shoots come quickly. `òO' -c
còcon cs oa oaoc .
c [mo/] n. navel, bellybutton. c`c: .
c C [mo//l] n. newborn boy. 4|H4.
D<_n`..
c [mo//e] n. newborn girl. Hs4.
D<_ cc`..
cC [mod(l] 1) n. beginning. H F.
cc:. 2)
adv-ppn. earlier, before. =c so
cC c' ^:oa sc. Who started
this work before. e . c:oc: JLoa
` ooOooa. See: .cc.
c [mod] n. tree trunk. c: , se .
c [momo-] pron. we (incl.). cc:.
o- [moy-] vt. to murder, finish off.
(c|. See: L_- ; o- .
o`C [morol] n. stalk. s_.
o` [mor(s] n. bark for rope making.
c:e cs<o/ se o/ o` c0-
cooc. Bundles of leaves for 'bidis'
are tied with strips of 'moros' bark.
oas cs:c<: Oncc` se c: se:coa.
o` [morr(] n. birthmark(?), mole.

c' C [moll(l] n. rabbit, hare. s:occ:.
`` [mosor] n. nose. |4. c:s:_.
s -s- [m(k--k#-] vt. to fold.
O [m(t#] n. pearl. P|3|.
L-c- [m(p--] vi. to be founded.
o [m(ra] n. leaf hat.
c [m(l] n. iron-nail.
co [m(v&ra] n. mustard seed. 1|(.
cLc:. See: Os_.

o

oc [ydi] n. memory, recollection. |d.
.so.
oc -s- [yd#-k#-] See: coa- s- .
ooC [yyl] 1) n. mother's younger
sister, father's younger brother's wife.
D<_c. See: ss. 2)
n. maternal aunt. D<_c.
oo [yen=j&] n. kernel of chironji fruit.
chironjia sapida. -o_ .cs <o/
ooo/ s`L_ - Ooc. Having
cracked open the nuts of the chironji
fruit they eat the kernels. o .oc <:
.n:c nè ò.c:s:c: Ooeoa.
ooc- [yend-] vi. to dance. ||, |.
<o_o. cos oo cooo/. The
ladies are dancing. - , <o_o
^: -_oa.
os -s- [yek-#-k#-] vi. to hiccup. Js_v:_.
o' . - o
o' . - [yekh#n p#-] vt. to believe. c
=c' cc socs soC. co< =c
._c: c -! See: c-- c- ;
soc- s- soC.
oc_ [ye1k] n. ram.
oc_ [ye1ki] n. fever. 4 D|1. _oc:.
o`- o` oo_ coc` co =c s c
oc_c coc`. Day by day he is
getting weaker because he has fever.
o` o`s: on: oa-_c: Joc:soe
_oc:c` e-_c:.

oc [ye1j] n. bear. H|H . cc sc:,
Jc:n:coe .
oo- [yet-] vt. to take to lap, take on
shoulder.
oc- [yed-] vt. to sow, (with drill, not by
scattering). 4|H|.
oc se [yedd ka--e] n. firewood.
Loeos:.
oc [yeddi] n. sunlight. Joc. ^s ``c
.-cs oc coo. In the morning
after the sun rises sunlight comes.
ecoo coc Joc L^: oc .
oc -nc:o [yeddi-glu;] n. the hot
season, summer. Jocsco.
oc - nc:o ^scC ,`c ``<C co
oc cooo. During summer it is very
hot from morning till evening. c^D
scoc' ecoo <:oc òoo o Los:
c ccn eoe:oc .
o< [yenj$r] n. sweet preparation
made by pounding 'jaggery' and
sesame seeds together. <:Ly_c``c.
oo- [yer#-] vt. to drag, pull along.
c- oe: .

o0 [yelli] n. rat. H. Jc:s.
oL- [yev-] vt. to reach. See: `ò- c- .
oL_C [yevnal] ppnl. up to, until. Los:.
oL- [yeh-] vt. to cause to dance.
oo [y&;] n. spirit of death. òs o L_
Lo co coc. Having died the
spirits (of death) come to take away
the soul. cocoD< ooaco oc:c:
` cc: O^:sv_cs L` c:.
oco/ [y&1$*g] num. seven (nm.). P|3.
Lc:.
oc_ [y&1v#r] num. seven (m.).
oo- [y&t-] vt. to take, buy, fetch. O^:s`.
oc_ [y&tm] n. a Gond god, deity.
cLy .oa.
o [y&n#] n. elephant. (||. L<:n:. o
o<_ `òc:c_ soc_ o Dooo.
The elephant showers boys with water
using its trunk. L<:n: o< còcoc`
.c c . oa c: oaoc .
ocC [y&mal] n. twin boy.
oc [y&m&] n. twin girl.
oc0 [y&malir] n. twin boys.
ocs [y&mek] n. twin girls.
ocC-oc [y&mal-y&m&] n. twins
(one boy, one girl).
oo [y&r#] n. dry part of the honey-comb
where there is no honey.
o [y&r] n. water. ||. oa. =L s^ -
o o_ cooo/. They are bringing
water. Doa D<_ Ooccc` v:_
c^: -_oa.
o-oao/- [y&r-tu*g-] vi, vt. to bathe,
wash. (||.
oo/ oa._

o

oo/ [ra*g] n. colour, dye. oon:.
oo/-oon_ [ra*g-ra*gn] adj. many
coloured. oon: oon:c.
ooc [ra3/] num. two, both (nm.). d|. ooc:.
See: =D_.
os .o` [raktapinj(r] .oo`c:.
on C [raggl] adj. red. H|H. Joa.y.
on -s- [rag1#-k#-] vt. to scrape.
o_ [racc] n. courtyard. H ". oò
c:-_o no o_ =oc. The place
in front of the house is called the
courtyard. =oec' c:oc: ^ c_
cs0 coeoa.
oD_-s- [racc#-k#-] vt. to heap.
oc [ra-] adj. thick (used for flat things).
P||. See: cC.
oc-c- [rah&-m-] vi. to live, stay. H||;
HH||. =c -e_C `` cc -e o-
oc- ccò. Having gone from this
village they stayed there in that
village. e eo <:oc c0_ c eoc'
ccn eoc`òc:.
oL- [rah-] vi. to gather, assemble. 3Ps|.
oo/- [r*g-] vt. to abuse, scold, revile.
Oe: e, ccoc:e.
ooc [r3/&] n. 1) widow. |.
LcLoc:. 2) term of abuse for women
or animals.
os-s- [rk#-k#-] vt. to do the gardening, to
watch over, take care of (young plants
etc.). .occc:.
on` [rg(] n. parrot. Dc:s. on` .ocono
eocoo. The parrot took out the fate
(fortune telling). Dc:s .oono
c.^ oc . See: cn C.
o- [rc-] vt. to cut by striking (with an
axe).
oC [rjl] n. king. 1|H|. o.
o-cc [rj-v1] n. palace. o_c:.
o' [rn=j#] n. bamboo (thin variety). 4 4 .
cc:oasos. o' co so coo.
Bamboo is very useful. cc:oa c
.s L^: oc .
ooC [ryl] n. vulture. "@. ococ.
oo0s co `cs O- cooo/.
When a cow dies, vultures come in
order to eat it. ooaLyc: c``c
ococLyc: O<cs L` o.
oo-cce` [ryisi1im-o] .;.oa.
oo [ryt] n. pickles. .c_c.
oc C [rv1l] n. parrot. oc Dc:s.
See: on`.
o- [rsi] num. hundred. Loc.
oso [rik;] adjl. empty, clear. |H|.
oso-s- [rik;-k#-] vt. to empty out,
clear out, take out everything.
os cs c- [r#k bk -] vi. to be
scattered. U4|.
os cs =- [r#k bk ir-] vt. to place
things in a disordered manner. 41|.
os- [r#k-] vt. to scatter.
oO [r#t#] n. way, manner. 1|(. co .
oac (D') [rudd& (m#n)] n. kind of fish.
^<_ ac.
oa._ [rupya] n. Rupee. |. oò.
=os co oa._< eoc sò co. Now a
ten rupee coin has come. . ^: oc: 10
o`c Dc:L nc es .^ co_oc .
oa._o/ [rupya*g] n. money (pl.). P|.
o`c:. es o o' è co cc
oa._o/ .c . In order to buy a tractor
oacC o`'
very much money is needed. e soa
s`<:n`c: o:es: c o`c:
sLc<:. See: sò .
oacC [ruml] n. turban. oacc:.
oac_ [rumna] n. handle. oacc. oac_
.o_ - òc. Having held the
handle they start to plough. oac<
.e cos c:<:_coa.
oao [ruy] n. cotton padding used in
mattresses, pillows etc. .O cc.
ooc [r$nd] n. breadth. ccc:_.
os [r$ka] n. boat. |. -`s. cc o on
osc coc. Where there is a lot of
water they go by boat. c'c< ec'
.cLc` . occ: ` oa.

o- [r$s#] n. large knife. sO .
o._-c- [repse-m-] vi. to be broken
down (as in a vehicle), damaged,
collapsed. s0`ò<.
oo- [rey-] vi. to descend (from a
mountain), alight (from a vehicle).
331|. cn:. seo/ .o_ n:e
o o oo/. Holding the (bundle of)
wood she descended the mountain.
se c: .e: s` n:e cn:coa. cc
c^_C o o o. She got down from
(alighted) the bus cc c^:_ <:oD
cnoc .
oL- [reh-] vt. to lower. coc:.
oo/- [r&*g-] vi. to come loose (rope).
o [r&kha] .ccc:.
o [r&*] n. wild plum. on: .oc:.
zizyphus jujuba.
o_- [r&sk-] vi. to fan.
oò- [ro;-] vi. to rest. D oO. oc c cs_
``-_s <c: o co o cc_ ^c_
o`coc. While walking in summer,
having seen a shady place on the way,
they rest. c^D scoc' <c:^: cv_on
cc_< e: c c- D oO
O^:s:oeoa.
oòc [rondi] n. thigh of animals. c`c.
See: coc .
o`s- [rok-] vi. to be digested.
o``` [ropp(] adv-ppn. in, inside. c'.c.
o```c c' [ropp(/ banin] n.
undershirt, vest.
o`csC [rob&kl] n. stone pestle.
oc_coc, oac_oo. cc_c n o`csc
co o`cooo/. (Ladies) grind lentils
with the stone pestle at (in) the mortar.
oac:_ o`c:c` .._<: oac:_coa.
oò [roha] .o.yc:.
o`c [roh#] See: cL.
o`L- [roh-] vt. to send. HH|, HH||.
oò_- [rohka-] vi. to chew cud; ruminate.
coo/, co_o/, nò o/ ^D
oò_- òoo/. Cows, buffaloes and
sheep all chew cud. cLyc:, ce c:,
nò c: c ooaLyc: -coa c` o.
oò- [r(n=j-] vi. to hum, buzz. " " ||.
c c:.
oòc [r(3/] n. weed. 13|1. sc:.y.
o`sC [r(kl] n. wooden pestle. o`s0. Do_
ce so o`sC so -oo. In order to
pound chillies the wooden pestle is
used. soo <oes: o`s0 .s L^: oc .
o` [r(j] n. day. d. o`.
o` [r(j#] adv. daily. 1|H.

o`' [r(n] n. house, home. P4|. =c: .
o`c` [r(t(r] n. male member of
household.
o`D (co ) ce
oò [r(ta] n. female member of
household.
oò-so_ [r(t-kr$mn(r] n.
neighbour. s|P|.
o`D (co ) [r(m# (marr)] n. tree under
which people habitually rest on a
journey. s. D oO (e: ).
o`_- [r(sk-] vt. to bale out. cos D'_
.o' è cL cc o o`^_ooo/.
Ladies in order to catch fish at the
river bale out the water. cccc: (- )
.c: .e cs cn: v_<: c`c:coa.
oò_-`- [r(hk-p-] vi. to.chew.cud.

c

co/ [la*g] adjl. far. d1 . coc:.
conC [la*gl] n. vagabond, wanderer,
someone unable to pay back a loan,
loser. ccco . sò o/ oD_ cc:-
-o_s c' conC =oc. Those who
borrow money and can't repay it are
called *. o`c: O^:s` Oon =L_
co c cc: coeoa. <o s
n`0o/, c conC cc`. The marbles
are with me. He is the loser. co<: -
Lc n`0c: Lc`ò-c:.
coc [la3/#] n. idle person, lazy.
See: cocC.
coc' [lamb(] adj. long. |/|.
cs [lak] adjl. far. d1 .
cs_ [lakka] n. lacker (polish), wax. cs_.
cno [laga;] n. bridle. H"|P.
cn: [lagu] ccc:.
cn_o/ [lagni*g] n. betrothal ceremony
(pl.) involving a time of joking (or
spoof negotiating) with the ladies in
the bride's party with those in the
groom's party. cn_c:, .oc . -D
-c ' ce s- cn _o/ ooc. After
the bride and groom have met, the
ladies do the betrothal ceremony (a
part of the marriage). .oc soaoa,
. oc .c cc: s0. .0_c' c;occ:
cc: coa. See: co _o/.
c [la*] n. menstruation, monthly period.
con_C [la*gyl] adj. bare, barren. Le .
c -c [lajj&-m-] vi. to be shy, ashamed.
-n: .c:e.
cco [ladyi] o:c c:.
c.on [lappa*g#] n. falsehood, dishonesty,
deception.
ccc [lab/] n. a lie. $, $ |. ccc c:.
ccc Lc_- [lab/ va1k-] vi. to tell a
lie. ccc Lc_ c. Do not lie.
ccc c: ce cs:
cc-C [labnl] n. Lambadi man. coo
cc .
cc- [labn&] n. Lambadi woman.
cc [lamg] n. cloves. c:s:_.ycs.
cD [lav1#] See: s:c c.
c^' [las$n] n. garlic. Jc ò. c^'
s:- on ceoc. Garlic is put into the
'dhal' (lentils). e0 òc: soc'
c ` oa.
cco/ [lah&*g] n. parched grain.
cc_ [lahki] adv. hurriedly. còco.
co [l;] adjl. long. |/|. ``c:Ly.
coc [l3/#] adj. short in length. oc ,
s:oac. See: e:._.
c/- [lg-] vt. to touch, be necessary, start.
U |. on 0oc .
ce [l-#] n. fishing rod. cc:oacòn:. D'_
.o' è cec no cooc. In
order to catch fish a hook is tied to the
cc c'D- s -
fishing rod. .c: .e: es: se s: nco
se: coa.
cc [l1] n. love. ! |1. .c.
cc-s- [l1-k#-] vt. to love. .c c.co.
co ccC c:cs soc- .s' co
ccsoc. Father and mother love
their little boys and girls very much.
cc -<_c: D<_ .c c<: c
.D` oa.
ccC [l1l] n. bridegroom, lover (m.).
d~ (| .
cc [l1#] n. bride, lover (f.). dH( .
cc n_C [ln/gyl] See: n:` C.
co [lta] n. a kick. H|3. sc: cc_.
cD-s- [lv#-k#-] vt. to make use of, put
on. .e: s`Lcc:.
c- [lsi] ppnl. for, in order to, on behalf
of. H7. sòs:.
0oc (co ) [limb$ (marr)] n. lemon
tree. c (e: ). citrus acida.
See: O o (co ).
0s [lik1#] n. noise-making stick on snare.
`<_o .e o/ Oooo/ =o, cc
cco/, cco/, ^:L_ - 0s o/
cooc. If birds are eating the 'jowar'
then, in the corners of the field, *s are
tied. `<_ .oec o;c sòs: <:
cc ccc' se noec: se: coa.
See: e.y.
0o (co ) [l#; (marr)] n. neem' tree.
c. (e: ). azadirachta indica.
ce -s- [l$-i-k#-] vt. to loot, rob, steal,
thieve. |1|. con 0oc:e.
coc [lenda] n. animal droppings (not
dung) from sheep, goats etc. .c s:._.
cocC [le3/l] adj. lazy. HHP|.
occso . cocC co <C so so
``-_. The lazy man is not going to
work. ``co cc .o:es:
cv c:. c:cs soc .so/ co/ cs
cocC coc. When little children
walk long distances they become lazy.
D<_.c c: coo <cLcs
oc s ` oa. See: coc.
cs- [lek-] vt. to count. "|. cs_.
c. -s- [lep-i-k#-] vt. 1) to attach, hit. H"||.
2) to dent.
cc-s- [lehi-k#-] vt. to write. H|.
c o:c:. c De cc s- coc`.
He is writing a letter. eo< eo oo
c ^: -_c:.
ccon [lehe*g] n. dress.
co/ [l&*g] n. tone, voice. sooc:, onc:.
c< `s`c co/ coo, è cooo.
Her voice is good, she will sing a song.
cc ono coDn eoc è
`c:oaoc.
con C [l&*g1l] adj. lame. H "s|.
s:oecc:.
coc (co ) [l&3/# (marr)] n. 'jamun' tree.
s. cc -oc: (e: ). eugenia
jambolana. coc co oo/ .oco/ sos
cocooo/. The fruit of the jamun tree
are black. cc -oc .oc: <c n
eoeo.
coc_ (co ) [l&3/y (marr)] n. kind of
tree similar to eugenia jambolana.
csC [l&kl] n. man or boy (used with
contempt).
c'e`-`òc- [lo-(s-sond-] vi. to shrink
(cheeks). Ds_ ``Lcc:. c' cco
coo cc' è c<o/ s`D o/
c'e`- `ò o/. He has fever (is sick),
so his cheeks have shrunk. co<s:
o`no eoc coc:s co< o.c:
c's c0_-_o.
c'c [lodd#] n. valley. ||.
c'0 [loll#] n. noise, racket. cc o .
c'0 -s- [loll#-k#-] vi. to make a noise, or
racket. cc o o:e.
c's [l(k$r] n. people (pl.). . c:.
c' [l(n#] See: coc .
c'D-s- [l(m#-k#-] vt. to swing. |"|.
Loa LL_-
c'c -c- [l(m&-m-] vi. to swing.
|"|.

L

Loa [van=ji] n. paddy (sg.). Lo .
Loao/ [van=jing] n. paddy (pl.) (used
mostly in the plural form). Lo .
Lsc: [vakk#lu] n. lawyer, advocate,
barrister, attorney. -_occ .
Ls:o (Ls ) [vakut (vakt)] n. instance,
time. 4|1, 4|1|.
Ls '-Ls [vakt$n-vakt] advl. recurring
time.
Ls [vak$r] n. harrow. s.y s:eo/
eoc Ls so -oo. In order to
remove the cotton stems a * is useful.
.O e <: O-co:es: n:oe:s: .s
L^: oc .
Ln [vaggr] n. male buffalo (m.).
Lc_- [va-k-] vi. to be thirsty. coo.
Le [va--] n. fight. nco. soc Lo`'
Lo` Le coc. Boys fight with each
other. .c c: eso `0s esoa
L^: -_oa.
Le o [va--iye] Le n.
Le o [va--iy] adj. unnecessary, not
needed. cs_os:o.
Le c [va--e1a] ce.
Lc [va1#] n. wind, air, spirit. . n0.
Lc- [va1-] vi. to leak. |.
Lc (co ) [va1 (marr)] n. banyan tree.
co e: . ficus indica.
Lc_- [va1k-] vt. to speak, talk. 4|3 41|.
ce c:. See: ='- ; cL- .
Lc [va//] n. neighbourhood, section of
town, colony.
Lo- [vat-] vi. to dry up, be dry. cc s. o/
Lc cooo/, Lc s o``` oD_ =o. The
clothes are outside in order to dry;
having dried bring and put them
inside. coe ce c: cocs e-_o
cos =oe` cD_ eoc:.
Lc [vatt] adj. dry, dried. P .
Lo oC [vaydyl] n. doctor. s24 1.
Lo_s [vayy$k] n. yawn. cL0oc:.
Lo_s--- [vayy$k-s#-] vi. to yawn.
Lo [vara] oc:.
Lo- [var#-] vi. to bend. P1|s|. Lonoc .
Loa- [varus-] vt. to bend something
around in order to fit it to something.
Lo` [var(r] num. one (m.).
L- [var-] vt. to cross, ford, climb up/over,
ascend, go up. Js_co. seo/ oo' è
n:e L oo/. In order to bring wood
they are ascending the mountain. se c:
cLcs n:e Js_oa.
Lo C [var-l] n. washerman. |4|.
Lo [var-&] n. washerwoman.
Lo`_- [vars(n&] advl. at the same time, all
at once. c_c ^D Lo`_- cOc!
You all came at the same time! Doa
cocoa es_ ò L_o!
L- [vas-] vi. to be felt, to experience
(hunger, thirst, etc.), to want to. H"|.
LL- [vah-] vt. to give birth to (animal).
co .o_ Lo . The cow gave birth
to a calf. cLy ccs: <D_oc .
LL_- [vahc-] vi. to boil.
Loo_-- [vahcu-s#] vc. to boil.
Lc_-s- [vahc#-k#-] vt. to boil. `<_
ne` ce' è cC o oa'
Lc_- -ocn. In order to cook
'jowar' food the water must be boiled
c- D
first. `<_ c<_c: Loccs c:oc:
e cc oLc<:.
c- [v-] vi. to come. H|. oc0.
c ne [vg-#] n. an evil spirit which stays
on trees and captures animals (it is
believed that the hair of an animal
killed by a tiger becomes this spirit).
H 3.
cs C [vk1l] adj. crooked, bent. 4 H.
See: cn oC.
cs oC [vk1#yl] See: cs C.

cn:c [vgu1] n. large round net for
catching animals. Lc .
c/ o_ (c0) [vgc&yn (v&l#)] n. a
creeper that is used in curing snake
bite.
c- [v*-] vi. to leak profusely. |. o
oo_C Ooc nc co coo. If a hole
comes in the pot for bringing water, it
leaks. oa cc:_ co _ ooc o co_oc
oa soaoaoc .
cD-s- [vc#-k#-] vt. to read. |.
ccLcc:. `c soc .so/ <o_s
.y^ s cD- soc. School boys and
girls read books at night. cc
.c cocoa oO .ye .y^ sc:
cc:Lycoa.
c-nc [vja-gjat&] advl. with much
noise.
ce -s- [v-#-k#-] vt. to pound. 4 |.
ce - [v-&-] n. idea. eòc:.
cc- [v--] vt. to throw, sow, scatter.
$|4|. D^:oae, co:c:.
ce_ [v-n#] n. division, heap. 4 |1|.
cc [v1#] n. garden. 3)|. cè.
`.o/- Do_o/ ccc eo_oc. They
plant vegetables in the garden.
Losoc:, Do_, cèc' .oc ` oa.
cc [v/&] n. carpenter. 4(. D cc
ec:C s- coc. The carpenters are
making a table. Doa Lc on coa ec:C
^: -_oa.
cO [vti] n. wick of a lamp. LO .
coc [vyi-] adj. bad. 4d. c:.
co [vr#] n. string (of musical instrument).
c- [vr-] vt. to sing. "||. `c:e. c
è c c`. He sang a song. eo<
è `c-c:.
co [vrt#] n. leather rope or strap. co_.
- .yc co so -oo. In order to
harness the plough a * is used.
co_cc: co_s: .s L^: oc .
cLy [vv$r] n. field. 3. <:.
c` [vs] n. rafter, each of the sloping
beams forming the framework of a
roof. H'|. n:o, c^c:. oòn
ccoC cô/ cc .e oL_C
cooo/. In a house, the rafters come
down from the main beam to the side
beams. Jno se <:oc s oc .e Los:
c`c: L` o.
c- [vsi] ppnl. for, on behalf of. 4 H7.
See: c-.
c [vs] n. smell. " . c^<. See: ;c.
c oo- [vs y&t-] vt. to smell. P |.
c .yc c o_ coc`. He is
smelling the flower. co<: .yLy_
c^< c^: -_c:.
Ds [vik] n. poison. . Dcc:.
D_c (D') [vick1 (m#n)] n. a kind of
fish. . .oa.
D [vijj] n. seed. 4|H. Do <c:.
D cc- [vijj v--] vt. to sow seed. .
nc:o ^D O co0 cc D
ceoc. In the rainy season all the
farmers sow seed in the fields. Lo
scoc' L_Lò coac: cocoa
Do -c: c` oa.
Doc co _
Doc [vi--1] c:e: c:.
Dc_ [vi/y] n. metal collar to attach the
blade of an agricultural implement.
Dc_- [vid$rk-] vt. to lay down
(offering), scatter. coc on cc
Dc:_ - o`' c- ne` Ooc. Having
scattered the food offering at the
temple they come home and eat.
n:ccc' -cc_c: c. =oes LD_
Ooeoa.
Dco/ [vidr#*g] n. agricultural festival
which takes place before sowing (pl.).
Do- [viy-] vt. to transplant.
Do_ [viyyr] n. rubbish, garbage,
refuse.
D- [vis-] vt. to thresh (with bullocks).
`<_ -' c:' cc sòc' c`c
Dôc. The heads of 'jowar' are
threshed by bullocks at the threshing
floor. `<_ .oe sc c<: Jc coO
se: coa.
D^_c [visk$1] n. charred wood, a partly
burned stick from the fireplace, or a
stick still burning. PH|H. se oao .
c' D^_c =oc. After a stick has
been burned it is called *. se s0<
ooaco c D^_c se coeoa.
D [v#c] n. tomb, grave. nò .
Dc (co ) [v#/ (marr)] n. betel nut
tree.
Dc-cs [v#/-ki] n. betel, 'paan' leaf.
Dc- cs Oc s e`c on C coc. Having
eaten a 'paan' leaf the mouth becomes
red. occ`s: Ooe -oa Jo ccoaoc .
Do- [v#t-] vi. to run. d|s|. eoa_e.
Do- [v#y-] vi. to dawn, emerge.
D [v#r] pron. they, these (m.). Doa.
Do [v#ra] pron. their (prox.). Doc .
D` [v#s] num. twenty. 4|P. =oac .
D- [v#s#] n. fly. en.
D- [v#s-] vi. to wear out. "P H||. s^:c
c^:_c D` . The axle of the bullock
cart has worn out. Jc coc =oa_ con
`òoc .
D_- [v#sk-] vt. to pull down. co o n
.oc' è co c . s`c oo/
D^_oc. Having climbed a tree in
order to get fruit, they pull down the
branches. e: <: .oc: sòs:
s`cc<: Loc:coa.
Lyo [v$r] See: eo.
Ly [v$r] See: e.
co [ven=j&r] n. tongue. H|H. -c:s.
Lc_c c ^c_c ^c co so
-oo. The tongue is used for speaking
and tasting food. ce c:es:, oaDs
-c:s .s^: oc .
cc (co ) [ve*$r (marr)] n. kind of
tree. s.
ce [ve--] n. a small copper coin.
ce [ve--&] n. small drum-like instrument.
<o_coc_ L^: Ly. c`_o
ooc _s ce òc. While doing the
'chachoy' dance they beat the * drum.
c`_o <o_o -e._c: (c e ) c-
ôno `c<o co` oa.
cc - [ve/#-] vt. to pour out.
ccC [ve/#l] n. old man. c:^0coa.
ccC `' [ve/#lpn] n. old age. 4 ||.
cc_ (co ) [ve1m (marr)] n. kind of
tree. s. Oo' e: .
cc [vedd$r] n. bamboo (thick variety).
4 4 . cc:oa. cc: s <o/ s`co/ csoc.
They walk with stilts of bamboo.
cc:oa se c<: n:o c: - <c:` oa.
co _ [veyne] adv. immediately, right
away, quickly. H~ d|. còcon. oe:o
Lo _ sL c, o`' Lo _ csc. Let's
do the shopping quickly, and quickly
go home. conc(coa) còcon
ooc =oes c v: co. See: ^._.
co_-co_ [veyya-veyya] advl.
quickly. H~ d|-H~ d|. See: ^L- ^L.
c o co
co [veylo] n. wife, woman. c |. co_,
ccc.
co -co <C [veylo-maynal] n. man
and woman, (sometimes husband and
wife). - c:, .yoacac:.
co - C [veylo-ju**l] n. 1) a man
who is always with the ladies. 2) a
man with a female complexion.
co- [ver#-] vi. to be afraid.
co- [ver$s-] vc. to frighten, threaten.
s1|.
co [ver&] n. fear. s1. coc:. c co
co sòcC, cn ``-_. He is very
afraid, he won't go there. co<s:
cocs:_L co<: cs_cs cv_c:.
co - . - [ver& -p#-] vi. to take fright.
co-s- [ver&-k#-] vt. to warn, or scare
away. L .oco/ O- soc o`
coc, e_ co - socn. Everyday
the boys come to eat guavas, they must
be scared away. c .oc: O<cs
.c c: o` L` oa co
co.e Lc<:.
co_c [verka1] n. cat. .0 .
co_ [verc&] n. squirrel. ec:o.
co C [vertal] n. guest (m.). c:e c:. c
o`' co C cc`. A guest (male) has
come to my house. c =oes c:e c:
LD_-oa.
co [vert&] n. guest (f.).
c_- [vers-] vt. to brand. D s:oo cc o/
ceoc. They are marking the young
bull with the branding iron. Doa Jc:
soss: ccc: .e: coa. n:`c
c^:' -e oc_o n s^ s`c oa--
^D _ nè c co_oc. On the Laxmi
festival day, the 'gusadi' clowns light a
broom in the fire and burn everyone's
necks. n:`_c coa c; .y o`
D.yoa se .yc <: cn c' .e coco
sc:` oa.
c0- [vel#-] vi. to stroll, roam, wander.
(H|. On.
cco [vel$;] n. compound wall or fence.
cc. coo/ -on_s oò c`L oC cco
soc. To prevent cows entering a
compound wall is made surrounding
the house. ooaLyc: os:oc =oe
c:e: so ` oa.
c0_ (co ) [velk# (marr)] n. silk-cotton
tree.
cc [velle] advl. very. 4(3
. Js:_L.
cL- [veh-] vt. to tell. 4|H|. ._oc .
See: ='- ; Lc_- .
c- [v&-] vi. to cook. ec:s:e.
co- [v&y$s-] vc. to cook. ecsoc .
cs_o/ `s`c co c. They
cooked the corn well. cs_c: coDn
s0_-oa.
cn` (cnò) [v&gr( (v&g(r)] adjl.
separate, different. HH".
c/-cn` [v&g-v&gr(] adjl. separate,
different (emph). HH".
cc [v&-] n. outer-most metal rim of a
bullock cart wheel. s^:c ;oo sD_o
cc cocoo. There is a metal rim on a
bullock cart wheel. Jc coc cs s
=<:. sc: eoe:oc .
cc [v&/] n. yard of a house, or small plot
of land near to the house for growing
vegetables etc. .oc:. ccc n cs_o/
ococ. They grow corn in the *.
.occ' s_`<_c` oa.
cc_ [v&1c#] n. light (from fire, lamp, sun,
etc.). 4 |3. cc:oaoa. <o_ s .y^ s
Lc_ c cc_ .L In order to read
books at night, (a) light is needed. oO
.y^ so cc:Lyes: cc:oaoa
cLôc:. ,`c <C cc_ coo. Light
comes from the sun. `` c: < ôa_
cc:oaoa L^: oc .
c< [v&na] pron. his (prox.). =o.
co [v&ri] clitic. up to, until. 34. cs.
c co _- s-
c [v&r] pron. he, this (m.) referring to
someone near by. (. =oc:.
c co [v&rmy-] n. a function for
fixing the marriage during which
vermilion and an anklet will be given
to the bride by the bridegroom's party.
co_ [v&rn#] n. bowl made of clay. ce
.c c:.
ccc [v&l1] n. queen. 1||. oc.
c0 [v&li] n. kind of creeper. H3|.
c^: [v&suni] n. halter (rope for leading
or tying bullocks).
c^c [v&s$1i] n. story, tale. 4(||. sc.
c- [v&s-] vt. to cover a house (e.g. with
thatch, tiles, or corrugated sheets).
s._e.
c -cc- [vojj&-v--] vt. to load. H|d|.
se c.y.
cco/- [vo/$*g-] vi. to be peeled.
UH|.
cc_ [vo/ki] n. knowledge. 5|. .so,
.ococ:.
cc_-=- [vo/ki-ir-] vt. to remember,
recognize.
cc_-c- [vo/k&-m-] vi. to be known,
recognized. H||. n:oa `<:.
ccC-c- [vodl--] vi. to sag (mattress, or
woven surface, basket, etc.), sink.
se:c n cc e ec s -c ccC- coc.
When many people sit on a bed, the
(criss-crossed, weaved) rope sags.
cococ' Js:_L coc soa_oe
<:c_ Lc:c: cLyoaoc.
co`<o [vor(nay] advl. alone (m.).
H4 H|. es_o- .
coò [var(y] advl. alone (nm.). H4 H|.
es_o<:.
co` [vor(r] See: Lo`.
co_ [vorke] . s_s:.
cc [voh(] n. udder.
cL- [voh-] 1) vi. to hatch (of young bird).
2)
vt. to burst, break open.
c- [v(-] vt. to carry away, take and go.
||. O^:s``Lco.
coc [v(3/i] n. butter. P4 . Dnc.
cocC [v(3dal] O .oa.
ce [v(-] n. verandah, porch, threshold,
covered entrance area of a house. oò
c:-_ c- o no ce =oc. In
front of a house, the area covered by
the roof is called *. =oe c:oc: e<_
^ cc:<: coa^ coeoa
ce [v(-#] n. pouch (usually for collecting
cotton) formed by tucking cloth it in at
the waist and folding the other half
upwards.
cc [v(1] n. boat, trough. |. -`s.
cc-- - [v(1$-s#-] vt. to peel or remove
the shell or cover of food items (boiled
eggs, beans, peas, corn, bananas,
peanuts, etc.). UH|. sò o/ sò_ s:-
ce' è cc- -oc. Having
plucked beans, in order to cook it the
shell is removed. Ds:_c: soc:
Loc:es: Donè: coa.
ccc [v(t1] n. woman. H13. - .
c< [v(na] pron. his (dist.). co.
c` [v(p] n. section of a field.
cL- [v(m-] vt. to sell. 4|. ccco.
c Lo o/ D'_ cc_ coc`. He is
selling dried fish. co< Joc:.c:
cc:oa-_c:.
co [v(r#] n. long section of a field, aisle,
(when planting cotton, the field is
divided into sections by planting single
rows of other crops such as lentils).
c [v(r] pron. he that (m.). co<:.
c- [v(r-] vi. to burst. .n 0oc . .yno'
co eL_ - co' . Having blown a
balloon too much, it bursts. n0 c:n <:
cn ec .n:c nè -oa.
co-s- [v(rp#-k#-] vt. to remove or strip
something without permission, steal.
c- ^c. - O
||. s0 oòC cco/- c0o/
co- s- cc. The thieves, having
removed the plates, pots and pans and
went. conc:, =oe <:oc . e: ,
c:ooc:,cLycc O^:sv_oa.
c- [v(sr#] n. verandah. 41|Pd|. Lò.

^

ô- [san=j-] vt. to become numb, knock
out, deadened. eoc s o c `c' co/
co< =c s co ôoo. When
carrying some load for a distance with
one hand, it becomes numb. es Oc`
L^: Lyc: coo O^:s v_coe c
=c_ocn eoe:oc .
ôc [sa3tr] n. orange. -oo.
ôc (co ) [santr (marr)] n. kind of
citrus tree. -o e: .
^s [sakr&] advl. in the morning. `` c: <.
^s' [sakr&n] advl. early in the morning
(emph). `` c: - .
^nc [sag$1] n. a pre-wedding tradition,
ritual or procedure. ^nc è -D <
o`' òo/ .o_ coc. For the *
ritual, they take the 'chapatis' and go to
the bride's house. cc: sòs: . oc
soaoa =oes oè c: O^:s ``coa.
Prior to a wedding, senior members of
the groom's family take 'chapatis' to
the bride's house and discuss wedding
plans etc., later the bride's family
reciprocate in a similar way.
^n' [sag$n] n. sneeze. oac:. .c_o/
ccs co ^n'_ cooo/. After
getting a cold, many sneezes come.
cc: coc oac:c: L` o.
^n [sagg] n. phratry (related to the
number of gods that are worshipped).
^n C [sagll] n. wife's sister's husband.
^cs:c:.
^ [sa*#] n. friend (m.). c< cc
s`c:s:.
^` [sa*(] n. friend (f.). c< cc
soaoa.
ê [sa--] num. .cooa.
ê (-cc-) [sa--i (-mahin)] n. month
09 of the Gond year (November-
December). co o (c-oc).
^c
1
[sa1] n. the horizontal beam(s) of
wood used to hold up the eaves of a
house, or shelter (such as a marriage
shelter). cocc co' n ^co/
ceoc. They put horizontal beams
on the vertical pillars of a shelter.
.ococ' n:oc .< c`c: c` oa.
^c
2
[sa1] n.
n. cow dung mixed with water
(used to keep courtyards looking
clean). See: ^c..
^c
3
[sa1] n.
n. leash, rope for controlling
bullocks.
^co/ [sa1*g] n. sound of a drum. |H 4|
H|H.
^c. [sa1pi] n. cow dung. .c. ^c.
o on D-c s- oc_c ^c ceooo/.
Having mixed cow dung with water
they spread (throw) the mixture on the
courtyard. cLy .c ec' s0. sc .
cc: coa.
^c. -O [sa1pi sitri] .cO- no..
^co ô'
^co [sa1yi] n. the chickpea, Bengal
gram, 'channa'. <nc:. cicer
arietenum.
^c [sa1&] n. daughter's husband. cc: c:.
^c-co [sa1&-marr#] n. sister's son. c ,
cs_ s`c:s:.
^c-Doc [sa1&-miy/] n. sister's
daughter.
^cO [sa1&t#s] num. thirty-seven. P 3|P.
^c -c- [sa1&-m-] vi. to rot, decay,
decompose, become spoilt. oc nc:o
co s <o/ `co/ ^c- cooo/. In
summer the leaves of the trees decay.
c^D scoc' e cs:c: oc:co.
co_ soo/ cc C D-_ =o s
^c- coo. If you leave (lit. bury)
mangoes for a long time they will
become rotten. cDc soc<: c
o`c: s._ eoDc c``co.
^c [sa1] n. a festival which lasts for
several days.
^c- [sa1-] vi. to run, drip. d|s|.
ô [sattar] num. seventy. Pd1.
^c D [sattv#s] num. twenty-seven.
Pd|(P.
Ô . ' [satt#p&n] n. one of the gods. cLy
.oa.
Ô -cC [satt#-/h(l] n. kind of drum
used for dances.
^c 0 [satt&cl#s] num. forty-seven.
P 3|H|P.
^c c' [satt&vn] num. fifty-seven.
Pd|.
^c `c [satt&s-] num. sixty-seven.
P1P.
^c oo [satt&hattar] num. seventy-
seven. P3(d1.
^c_-L [satynov] num. ninety-seven.
Pd| .
^c__ [satyns#] num. eight-seven.
Pd|P|.
^c [satr] num. seventeen. P(. .ccc:.
Ô [satr#] n. umbrella. U|. n`c:n:.
^' [san] n. festival. .oc:n.
^-_ [sanvr] n. Saturday. coc:.
^`è (co ) [sap(-a (marr)] n. chickoo
tree. ^`è (e: ).
^._ [sapne] advl. quickly. H~ d|. o_on.
See: co_.
^L-^L [sap-sap] advl. quickly. H~ d|-
H~ d|. See: co_- co_.
^.y [sapp$r] adj. lean, thin. ^<_c:.
^. [sapr#] n. verandah. 41|Pd|.
^c:c [sabu1] adj. hard, solid, durable,
stiff, firm, strong. ne n.
^c_ [sabb] n. feast, banquet.
^c_C [sabbl] n. crowbar. nc ò.
^D -s- [samj#-k#-] vt. 1) to console. 2) to
remove misunderstanding.
^c -c- [samj&-m-] vi. to be
understood.
^D [samdi] pron. all, everything,
everybody (nm.). P4. c_, o c:.
^D [samd#r] pron. all, everybody
(m.). P4. cocoa. .o_ .' cn ^D
Do coc. Everybody gathers
together at the temple (lit. god's place).
.c cLy cn o cocoa sc:` oa.
^c [samdur] ^c:c c:.
^c_ [sammr] n. coriander. sÒo .
^D_ [sammis] num. coaLc .
ô [sari] n. road, path. Ps4. co , ce.
ô-cs- [sari-tk-] vi. to go along the
road. ceò .
ô-^c- [sari-s$/-] vt. to wait for,
expect (lit. to watch the road).
ô - [sari-] vt. to weave. 4 |. .y_
e`s o/ ôooc. The 'pujari'
(Kolams) weave baskets. s`cc:c:,
n:c c: oooa ` oa.
ô' [sar$n] n. funeral pyre. `c`
co <' oc_ cD soc cc' ô'
=oc. When a dead man is burned
that is called a funeral pyre. c`ò<
^- `L
cc sc:_coa c ô'
coeoa.
^- [sar-] vi. to be torn. |1|.
ô- [sar$s-] vc. to tear. |1|.
ô-s- [sari-k#-] vt. to tear, make a way.
|1|.
ô [sart] adj. torn.
ô_-c- [sark&-m-] vi. to shift.
ô [sarr#] n. silver neck ornament.
ccsoe.
ô_ [sarv] n. the grain that remains in
the field after threshing.
^c [sall&] n. sacred spear head. cL . Oc.
^L- [sav-] vi. to curdle, go sour.
`-``Lcc:. ne` co s:- co
oc nc:o co_ ^Loc. In the
summer, even rice and 'dhal' go sour
quickly. c<_c: s, so s
Joccoc' còcon- `- `òaoc .
^D- [sav#-] vi. to be sour.
^c [savt] adj. sour (bad taste).
^D -s- [savri-k#-] vt. to prepare, get ready.
P |1|.
^c-c- [savr&-m-] vi. to be ready.
^c_ [savv] num. one and a quarter.
^c_c [savvd] n. taste. 1 |d. oaD_.
^D_ [savvi] n. meat. co^c:. Lyoon
eoc eoc ^D_ Lc sc. During a big
feast they dish out a piece of meat
each. Doc: c'<c:c' es`_s_
coô c:s_ Lc ooa.
^D_ [savv#s] num. twenty-six. U, 4|P.
^cL [s#s#s] occ .
`- [s-] vi. to die. P1|. Lco.
`c` [st(r] adj. dead. P6 3.
co coc:.
ò/- [s*g-] vi. to spread out (plants, etc.),
to stretch something. cc'' -c co
ònoo. Nylon rope stretches a lot.
-c'' cc: cn `n:oaoc . cc
coo c0 cs_- os_ ònoo. In the
field, the 'tediya' vine spreads out all
over. <:c' c^ so On =e: ce:
`n:oaoc .
`s: [skur] n. sugar. .occo(cs_o).
`s [skr#] n. chain. HH|1. n`c:_. co_o/
`s - cooc. They tie the buffaloes
with a chain. ce c<: n`c:^:cc`
se: coa.
è [s-] n. frame of cart.
è [s-i] ppnl. for, in order that, for the
sake of. H7. sòs:.
`c [s-] num. sixty. P|.
`c [s/a] n. school. 1 4 H. cc, òc.
soc .so/ soo' è - -e
`c coo. In order for boys and girls
to learn, there is a school in each
village. cc:oa, c0sc:,
cc:Lys`Lcs ev_c'
òcc:-_o.
Ò [st#] n. chest. P d4 . O.
`c: [sdu] ^ <:c:.
`c- [sd-] vi. to fruit. soco.
`c C [sdrl] adj. good, normal,
beautiful, handsome.
`c [sdr#] adv. good, well.
`c [sdr&] adj. lovely, gorgeous,
charming, wonderful,.
`<C [snal] n. corpse, dead man. H|H.
`- [sn&] n. corpse (f.).
`. [spa] n. brinjal, egg plant. Loso.
`.o/-Do_o/ [spa3g-mirca3g] n.
vegetables (lit. eggplants-chillies).
sonoc:. cc' è oe:c_
`.o/- Do_o/ oooc. They take
vegetables to the market in order to
sell them. concc' cccs
Losoc:, Do.soc: c` oa.
`L [sp] n. thorn. 4|. c:c: . .yC_
so _s sC s:' `L_ nocooo/.
Without wearing 'chappals' (slippers)
thorns will prick your feet. ._c:
c^:ss`s ``c `ccs c:c:
n:c:_s:oeo .
`L- s- - <_o
`L-s- [sp-k#-] vc. to clean. c .oac:.
`L-`ò-s- [sp-spy-k#-] vt. to
clean up. .o ec .oac:e.
`. -s- [sp1i-k#-] vt. to catch up with. cos
.e: e.
`. -c- [sp1&-m-] vi. to be caught
up to.
`c' [sman] n. goods, materials. P|P|.
`c [sm] n. sanva corn.
ò [syi] n. ink. 1 |(|.
ò [sr#] n. bread. 1||. oè .
òao/ [sru*g] num. six (nm.). coa.
ò_ [srv#r] num. six (m.). coan:oa.
ò_ [srn#] n. row, in a line. "3. Loa^n.
`0 [sl#] advl. annually, once a year. (1
P|H. . O ôLo_oc:. `0 `0 oc
`ò cc- 15 .y cc- 26
cos:' ccsoc Every year on the
days of August 15 and January 26 the
flag is flown. ôLo_ooc' cc: 15
cnca 26 <Lo - oc<:
Jn:oac ` oa.
`c (co ) [sl& (marr)] n. kind of tree
especially used during marriage
ceremony. s. strychnos potatorum.
`c co o co _' n c:oc `c
soc. They use the * tree to make the
center pole and horse-shaped beam for
a wedding. coc:^ e: se c` .0_
.ec: ` oa.
`cccC [sl&v1l] n. a person of the
weaver caste. -o.coa. c`c o
c-c `cccC s. o/ soc:. In
olden times the people of the weaver
caste used to make clothes. ò
scoc` `ccoa ce c: -coa.
`ccc [sl&v1&] n. a female person of
the weaver caste.
`C [sl] n. year. P|H. ôLo_oc:.
`Lo (co ) [svari (marr)] n. kind of
tree much used for firewood. s.
`Ly [svu] cooac:.
`D [svl#] n. shadow. U||. c.
-on [si*gr] n. tattoo. -onoo,
.c_cè: . n: o <o/ cos co
-on s o_ <n sòo_-ooo/.
Gujarathi ladies get pierced with many
tattoos on their arms. n:oO
cccv:_ oac . Js:_L c:s_ cè:
c^:s:oeo.
-oc [sind&r] n. splinter. 41. coo/
eoc _s s o_ <n -ocs cooo/.
While removing bamboo strips
splinters go into ones hands. ôoc:
O-e._c: oacs: n:c:_s:oe:oc .
-se [sik-i] n. darkness. H 4|1. oO ,
Dse . <o_s sooc ``c s -se coc.
When the electricity goes off at night,
darkness comes. oO cv_c' (Dc:_o)
sooc ``c Dse cLyoaoc.
-s [sikr] n. hunting. ce.
-s-s- [sikr-k#-] vi. to hunt (work).
-s_ [sikk] n. net bag to hang things in.
ee .
-coo/ [si1y#*g] n. east. 14. ooa_
cs:_.
-c`ò` [si/(por(] adv. one on top of the
other, stacked. es_ c Dc ese .
-c_- [si1k-] vi. to sprinkle. D<:s:c:
Lc:_e.
- o.c (co ) [sitapa1 (marr)] n.
custard apple tree. -c;co (e: ).
-o-c- [sit$r--] vi. to become cool.
cc ccoc .
- o0 (co ) [sit$l# (marr)] n. kind of
tree. s.
- o `_ [sitta jomm(] n. soup. .yc:^:.
-o (co ) [sitta (marr)] n. tamarind tree.
s. Doo (e: ).
-O (co ) [sitri (marr)] n. date palm.
phoenix dactylifera.
--_o -s- [sinnr#-k#-] vt. to kick, flog.
-<_o [sinn$;] n. bracelet.
- O_ -
-O_ [sibbi] n. large basket for storing
grain made of bamboo and mud.
n:D. `<_o/ -O_o n c_ =ooc.
'Jowar' is filled in the * and kept (for
storage). `<_c: n:Dcc' o.
eoc:coa. See: c:c .
-c [simg] n. 'holi', the festival when
colours are thrown. o'0.
-o:o/ [siyu*g] num. five (nm.). |.
c:.
-o D [siyv#r] pron. five (m.). |.
c:n:oa.
-oL [sirip] attr. only.
-oao [sirum] n. 'pins and needles',
numbness, tingling, prickling. cc C
ec s sC_ -oao òoo/. After sitting
for a long time you get pins and
needles in your legs. c -.y
soa_oe scs: ODo Js:_co.
-oa0 [sirul#] n. cow-itch plant. cc nòc .
- c_C [sir/yl] adj. uncontrollable (of
animals). s`.onc.
-o_ [sirn] n. cattle-bell. noe.
-oc (-c) [sirp$- (-j1i)] n. kind of
grass. |P.
-o_c [sirm$-] adv-ppn. around,
surrounding. 4 HP|P. c:e: . cc
-oa_c .' -' c `- coo. Barbed
wire has been put around the field.
<: c:e: ,co/ so - eoc .
-0_ [silk#] n. backbone. c<:s cnc:.
-co [silpam] -c_o.
-c (-c ) [sill& (sell&)] vi. not to be.

-cc [siv(1] n. peg at side of yoke.
sòco/ .yo' è L_on -cco/
ceoc. In order to harness bullocks
pegs are put into the yoke. Jc <:
<c:.yes: cocs c c: c` oa.
-D [sivl#] n. lip. H1. .cD.
-- [s#-] vt. to give, allow (with Inf.).
=Ly_.
-o/ [s#*g] See: s`.

-oc (co ) [s#nd# (marr)] n. kind of tree
from which country liquor is make. s.
eo (e: ).
-oc-sC [s#nd#-kal] n. kind of liquor.
-e [s#-&] n. shell of chironji.
-c o [s#/( y&r] n. yesterday's water.
-. [s#pa] num. fifteen. .cc<:.
-. [s#pi] n. tailor. dH|. co . s. o/ sèoc`
c' -. =oc. The person who
stitches clothes is called a tailor. ce c:
s:e co co coeoa.
-. [s#pi] n. shell. cc: D._.
- o- [s#y-] vt. to sweep. $|s|.
soc- . so/ eo `co -o_
coc. The students are sweeping
their school. cc_oc:, ccoc:
co os_ cc ec:^: -_oa.
-o [s#r] n. vein. <oc:.
-
1
[s#r] n. root. Hs. coa . cos <o/ -_
c`D_o cc cooo/. The roots of
trees go below the ground. e: coa
cDc'.0s cv:_co.
- ^.
-
2
[s#r] n. nit (white louse). .yo_ -
oc c n cocooo/. The nit (lice-like
bug) stays on the head. .c: occ'
eoeo.
-_ - -s- [s#rkn&-] vi. to sniffle.
-c_ [s#lk] n. brook, rivulet. D<_cn:.
See: s:c c.
-` [s#s] n. bottle. -`.
-- [s#sr#] n. whistle. P|.
^:s c [sukir vr] n. Friday.
es coc:.
^:s [suk] ^:c:.
^:s- [suk-] vt. to launder. eoas:.
^:s_o [sukk$;] n. star. P3|1|. c:s_c:,
<o o.
^:s_c [suk$1] n. wooden ladle, spoon.
c<_o s0. se . s^ s:- ^:s_c
cLoc . Hot 'dhal' is dished out with
a ladle. cc so<: cc: c` O` oa.
^:oo/ [sujr*g] n. sacrificial animals
(pl.). .o_ .' cn ^:oo/ (co o/
co, co_o/ co) òc. At the
place (temple) of the great god the kill
(sever) sacrificial animals (goats,
buffaloes). .c cLy cn o ooa
cc c: =` oa.
^:e -s- [su--#-k#-] vt. to release, leave,
quit, give up. Dc:Ly.
^:e -c- [su--&-m-] vi. to escape.

^:c [sutte] n. hammer. ^:c .
^:O [sutl#] n. string, thin rope. 3|.
^:c [sudd(] adjl. good, beautiful. H U|.
en.
^:c -s- [sudr#-k#-] vt. to clean, mend,
sharpen (an instrument).
^:c -c- [sudr&-m-] vi. to be well,
healthy.
^:<_ [sunna] num. zero. ^:<_.
^:. [suple] n. small basket. U|| |41|.
D<_ no..
^:o [suy] n. needle or injection.
^:o 0oc (co ) [suy limb$ (marr)]
n. kind of lemon tree. c (e: ).
^:o -.c [suy-padi] n. porcupine.
Lc:.oc .
^:o-s` [suy-kor] n. kind of jungle
fowl. ^:o- s` co/ coo/ c:-_
c0_ cocooo/. The feathers of a
jungle fowl are curved back.
^:o_C [suyyal] adj. sharp. s`c_n.
^:o-s- [sur$-k#-] vt. to start, begin. H
41|. ` ooOoc:.
^:o- [sur$s-] vt. to throw, discard.
^:- [sur-] vt. to bake.
^: `. [surpp&] n. butterfly. 33H|.
sòc-c:s.
^: `. [surpp1e] - cs`s Dc:s.
^: co C [survertl] n. mediator of a
marriage.
^:o _ [surv&] n. a kind of bee that makes its
hive within hollow trees and anthills.
oacc. ^:o _o/ .yO ' n, co s <o/
cc ' n côoo/. The * bees make
their homes in anthills and in hollow
trees. c- .ye cc', e cò cc'
. e: oaoc .
^:cc [sul$/#] n. bamboo flute. cc:Ly.
^:cc s c < s o c cocoo. The * is
in Krishna's hand. .c c< n`D sca c
Oc' eoe:oc .
^c- [s$/-] vt. to see, look at. d 4|.
cc:e. D .ye:o/ ^c_ coc.
They are looking at photos. Doa
,è`c: c^ -_oa.
^. [s$p&] n. small mouse. De c:s.
^. -o (oo)
^. [s$pli] n. small winnowing basket.
D<_e.
ô (co ) [s$r& (marr)] n. churni tree,
oblique-leaved jujube. s. zizyphus
oenoplia.

-ec [se-&1] n. sickle. (P|. s`cL0. cL
c oo' è -ec so -oo. A
sickle is used for removing field grass.
<:c' nc sò:es: s`cL0 .
^: oc .
-e --L [se--a-sev] n. end portion of saree
that hangs over the shoulder. sòn:.
-e [se--] n. shoulder. 4 |. c:c:.
-' [sen] n. head of corn, jowar, etc. sos.
`<_ -' Dooo. The 'jowar' head
will sprout. `<_ <: .oec` svsc
cc:oaoc.

-o sC [seykal] n. bicycle. -sc:.
-o0 (co ) [ser$l# (marr)] n. kind of
banyan tree without aerial roots.
-o_ (co ) [serk (marr)] n. chironji
tree. s. o e: .
-o_ -e (D') [serk s#-& (m#n)] n. kind
of fish. .c ò_ ..
-oo [serp$;] n. sandal. ! H. ._c:.
oc nc:o sC_ cooo/ =o
-oos sooc. In the summer their
feet get burnt, so they wear sandals.
c^Dc' sv:_ sc:co c ._c:
c`c:n:coa.
-c_ [sevv&r] n. gum, sap. cos. -o_
co o n co -c_ .-ooo. Much
gum (sap) comes out from a 'serka'
tree. cos e: s: c cos cv:_oaoc .
-s-c- [s&k&-m-] vi. to warm oneself.
- [s&*] n. pod (of bean, etc.).
-eo/ [s&-&*g] n. pubic hair (pl.). coac:.
-c_ oC [s&1kyl] n. a man who tends
goats and sheep. csc: c.ycc:.
-c_ (-c) [s&/v (-j1i)] n. kind of
grass. |P. sòco/ -c_ co co
Oooo/ Bullocks eat very much *
grass. Jc: -c_ c- nc cn
Ooeo.

-O [s&t#] n. winnowing basket. e. -Oc
.os c o_ooo/. They (ladies) clean
rice with a winnowing basket. e c`
Oo_c: oan:coa.
-cc [s&m&1] n. mucus of the nose.
DDc.
-o (oo) [s&r#] n. kind of snake. P|.
o`òa`c:. -o oo co <'
^c s co ``cooo. When the *
snake sees a man it goes away quickly.
o `òa `c: c<:cac<: c-
.oan:c: O^: oc .
- ``c-

- [s&r] n. complete plough system
including oxen. (H. cos.
-_ c: [s&rn/u] n. wife's younger brother.
coc .
-_ cc [s&rn/1] n. wife's younger
sister. cocc:.
-o_c [s&ry1] n. younger brother's wife.
-o_c-cc_C [s&ry1-avvl] n. step-
mother.
-cc [s&la/] n. younger sister. 4(, 4(.
c .
-cc-=D_ [s&la/-ivv#r] n. brother and
sister.
-cc-Doc [s&la/-miy1] n. young
girls.
-c [s&l] n. hand cloth, larger than a
handkerchief. oac_c:.
-L [s&v-a] adj. last.
-L c` [s&v-at(r] n. youngest brother,
last son.
-L o [s&v-ata] n. youngest sister, last
daughter.
-L_o/ [s&vya3g] n. noodle-like food
preparation made from wheat flour.
cos -L_o/ s- cooo/. The
ladies are making noodles. - ,
- Doc: ^: oa-_oa.

``c C [sodd&l] n. fireplace. `ò_.
``-oC [sonrl] n. goldsmith. P |1.
l`c'c:. c:c o/, co' s, .y- o/,
soc` c' ``-oC =oc. He who
makes rings, chains, necklaces is
called a goldsmith. ce c:, n`c:^:c:,
- co l`c'c: coeoa.
``'- [son-] vi. to go. H|. ``c:, ``. cc
`cc `ò coo. She is going to
school. cc ccs cv:_c:<_c.
``c [somar] n. Monday. ``ccoc:.
``D- [sov#-] See: ^D- .
``c [sov(r] n. salt. P4. e._.
``` [sosn#] n. 1) thinking. 3.
cc'Doc:e. See: `ò- s- . 2) advice.
PH|(. ^co.
`òDcC [s(n=c#tl] n. panther. `òDcC
scc cocoo. The panther lives in the
forest. Doao .y0 ccDc' eoe:oc .
`ò-s- [s(3c-k#-] vi. to think. P||.
cc'Doc:e.
``s- [s(k-] vi. to apply, anoint, administer
(medicine).
`` [s(*] n. anger. H|. s`.c:.
``c'-c- [s(*$n-v-] vi. to become
angry. s`..ccc:.
`è [s(-] n. thick rod, stick. n ``-_s
`è .o_ coc. While going to
guard they hold a stick and go. <:
sL0 cv_coa c:c: so .e
cv:_coa.
``c - [s(/#-] vi. to set (sun), go away,
disappear, run away. `òoc .
``c- [s(/$s-] vc. to drive away.
``c- [s(1-] vi. to be sharp.
``c oe:o
``c [s(d&] n. witch-doctor. coo nc:.
``-ccc [s(n#-v(t1] n. midwife, lady
that attends to deliveries of babies.
c-.
``- [s(n&] conoc:.
``. [s(pti] n. companion. ôoon. -s
``. c_ cnoL_C c. Be a
companion to me and come up to
there. -s: cocs c`c:n L` c.
``. _C, ``. [s(ptyal, s(pta] n. friend.
-_coac:.
``c [s(b] n. beauty. 4(|1. coco.
``cc [s(bt] adj. beautiful. P d1;
P d13|. cocon. n:cO .y co
``cc coo! How beautiful the rose
(flower) is! n:cO .yLy_ c cocon
eoc . cC co ``cc coo. The
peacock is very beautiful. -c0 c
cocon eoc .
`ò os (`òs) [s(yr#k (s(rik)] n.
relationship. P 4 .
`ò [s(r] n. large earthen vessel. oL_.
`òo [s(ry] n. a measure. oL_.
``c [s(l] num. sixteen. P|H(. .cooa.
``- -s- [s(s#-k#-] vi. to ponder, think over.
^ C [es-$l] n. stool. ^ C.

o

ooco/ [han/ang] n. testicles. <_c:
soc ooc: s`0c:.
ooc [hand$r] n. men from a long way
away. cs_ccoa.
os_ [hakk&] n. there, thither. 371. cs_c.
ooc [handa] advl. from there,
belonging to there.
oocC [handal] advl. from there.
o [hajr] num. thousand. co_.
oc [ha-] n. perseverance, obstinacy.
oe -c- [ha--&-m-] vi. to become tired.
c0- ``Lcc:.
oO [hatt#] See: o .
o<c--e [hana--n&-i] adv. day before
yesterday. -_ -c o<c- -e `
c-. Sir came, not yesterday, but the
day before yesterday. <_ ss <_
coa_c: LD_ eoc<:.
o-_(c) -e [hann&(-) n&-i] n. day before
yesterday.
oo C [hayll] n. female buffalo.
oo ``'- [har# son-] vi. to elope with a
man to marry another man while
having a child.
o [har] clitic. each. c 4.
oo [harr] n. room. 4P1|. nc .
oc_C [halkl] adj. light, easy.
oc'_ [halk(] adjl. light, easy.
o (c, o') [h (h&, ho)] int. yes. (| .
os-- - [hka-s#-] vi. to shout, call out.
$~ H||.

oe:o [h-u;] n. small fair, bazaar.
conc . oe:o cc o` s:' eoc co
ecoc. The bazaar happens (lit. sits)
once every week (lit. on the eighth
oc c oa
day). conc coo o`cs`s_ò
eoe:oc .
oc [hbar] n. sky. H 41. csc:.
oo [hr] n. long basket. See: cc.
o0-s- [hl#-k#-] vt. to shake. $ $|s|.
coc [hind] advl. belonging to here.
cocC (cocs) [hindal (hindak)] advl.
from here. =e:<:oc .
cocs-oocs [hindak-handak] advl.
from all sides.
cs_ [hikke] adv. hither, to this place.
=e:.
cs_-os_ [hikke-hakke] advl. here and
there.
cs_o [hikmt] n. contrivance, thought.
eòc:.
cc_o [himmt] n. boldness, courage.
P|(P. co_c:.
coas (co ) [hiruk (marr)] n. gul-
mahua tree. s. =._ (e: ). coas
co coas co_ co ;oo/ `coo.
After the 'hiruk' nuts fall, the 'hiruk'
tree bears fruit. =._ e: =._.yc:
ooco =._soc: s^: oc .
coas-sC [hiruk-kal] n. kind of liquor.
=oas [iruk] n. flowers of the gul-mahua
tree (nm.pl.). =._ .yc:.
co`c (co ) [hir(/ (marr)] n. kind of
tree (fruit used for making black dye).
s. sos_o. s`s ccs co`c so<
c`C Ooc. After getting a cough, they
eat the skin of the 'hiroda' nut. cn:
coc sos_o so c`c: Ooeoa.
co [hir/] n. gum, socket of a tooth.
co o [hir/$;] n. kind of insect that bites
and spoils clothes.
co 0 (co ) [hird$l# (marr)] n. kind of
tree. - c Doo.
c (co ) [hirp (marr)] See: =
(co ).
co_C [hirvl] advl. green. (1|.
co [h#r] n. diamond.
oooc
1
[hu3/#] n. butter. P4 . Dnc.
oooc
2
[hu3/#] n. collection box used by
religious people.
ooc -s- [hu1#-k#-] See: ec- s- .
ooco [hu1$;] See: eco.
oJec [h$-1] See: eec.
oJco/ [h$1*g] n. corn or grains or
peas of tender and immature ears or
pods of great millet which have been
parched. ce:s:c:.
oJc (. e ) [h$1& (pi--&)] n. kind of bird.
H|. nòos.
co_ [herm#] n. buffalo. H P. co . oc
nc:o o on Dc_ co_o/ cocooo/.
In the summer buffaloes lie sleepily in
the water. c^D scoc' ec' co c:
.c:s:oeo.
co [herr&] n. goat. 441|. cs.
cc_ [helva] e . coc:.
coc [h&n/$r] n. a person who
performs human sacrifices.
<oooos:c:. When a large (building)
project is embarked on, a human
(usually child) sacrifice is sometimes
performed.
coa [h&tu] n. remembrance. .sc:.
coa-s- [h&tu-k#-] vi. to remember. |d
41|. .sc: o:e.

Total number of entries: 2572
a little ankle bell (small)
English - Gondi 89

A

a little advl. =c:_s.
able (to be) vi. .- .
abuse vt. oo/- .
abuse (term of) n. ooc (2).
abusive word n. nc_
1
.
accumulate vi. e- .
ache n. co_C (1).
acquire vc. .ye-, see: .yc- .
across adv. cc o.
active (become) vi. eo_- c- .
acts of fun n. - o/.
adams apple n. n:c:.
adequate adjl. .yo .
administer medicine vi. ``s- .
adulterated (liquid) adj. ò.
advice n. ``` (2).
advocate n. Lsc:.
aerial root of banyan tree n. ò
1
.
afraid (to be) vi. co- .
after adv. co;
adv-ppn. . (. ).
afternoon advl. ``cs.
afternoon (in the) advl. c:ò.
afterwards advl. co (2).
again advl. co (1).
agree vt. sc - c- .
agricultural ceremony n. -co/;
n. Dco/.
agricultural implement n. `;
n. Dc_.
air n. Lc.
alight vi. oo- .
alive (to be) vi. .- .
all at once advl. Lo`_-.
all day long advl. .oC-``c ,
see: .oC.
all kinds of O-O_ -, see: O.
all night long advl. <o_-.co/,
see: <o_.
all (nm.) pron. ^D .
all (whole) adjl. .yo`.
all (m.) pron. ^D , see: ^D .
allow vt. -- .
almirah n. cc_o.
alone (nm.) advl. coò, see: co`<o.
alone (m.) advl. co`<o.
alphabet n. csc.
also attr. eoc ;
attr. c;
attr. O;
clitic. co.
although corr. c.
among adv-ppn. <c: o.
amongst post. -oo`_.
ample adjl. coo, see: c- .
ancestors n. cc-ccC, see: cc;
n. cò , see: c`c` .
ancient times advl. c`c -c-c ,
see: c`c .
and attr. eoc ;
conj. c.
and then advl. co (2).
Andhra n. coc .
anger n. ``.
angry (to become) vi. ``c'-c-,
see: ``.
animal n. -_.
animal bell n. ;:on:.
animal droppings n. coc.
animal enclosure n. cc .
animal feed (grass) n. o`.
animal shelter n. sè_.
animal (young) n. .c .
animals n. ac .
animals (for sacrifice) n. ^:oo/.
animals muzzle n. c:-_.
animals thigh n. s:o_.
ankle n. nòe c`s_;
n. le .
ankle bell (small) n. nn .
ankle bell (large) bag
90 English - Gondi
ankle bell (large) n. c.
anklet (bangle) n. co .
anklet (chain) n. ò`C.
announce vt. =c C s- .
annually advl. `0.
anoint vi. ``s- .
another pron. c:`` .
answer n. c;
vt. c---, see: c.
ant n. .c .
ant (black) n. so- .c .
ant (flying kind) n. e^:C.
anteater n. eoo.
antelope n. c.
anthill n. .yO .
anus n. c ;
n. .oc.
any (nm.) pron. cc.
anybody (nm.) pron. cc , see: cc.
anybody (m.) pron. c'o, see: c'.
anything advl. coo, see: coC;
pron. co o/- .yO o/.
anything (nm.) pron. cc , see: cc.
anytime advl. c-_', see: c-_.
anywhere advl. cn ', see: cn .
appear vi. c- .
appear (moon) vi. -co cò ,
see: c`L- .
apply vi. ``s- ;
vt. c- ;
vt. De:- .
area n. .e .
argue vc. co- .
argument n. nc.
arm n. coc.
armpit n. sO .
around adv-ppn. -o_c.
arrange (to) vt. coc- s- .
arrogant person n. nc_
1
.
arrow n. s`c (3);
n. n:oO-s`c, see: n:oO;
n. c' .
ascend vt. L- .
ash n. .
ash tree n. Oco (co ).
ashamed (be) vi. c - c.
ask vt. .y-- s- .
assemble vi. oL- .
as....so. co' . . . co' . . .,
see: co'.
astonished (be) vi. s:c:_ -- c- .
at first adv-ppn. .cc.
at night adv. <o_.
at the same time advl. Lo`_-.
attach vi. DL e:oc- ;
vt. cL- ;
vt. c. - s- (1).
attempt vt. s`-- s- .
attic n. ceo.
attorney n. Lsc:.
aunt (maternal) n. ooC.
avoidable (be) vi. c:s- (2).
awake adjl. c`;
vt. `c'- s- .
axe n. c_.
axle n. c^:_c.
axle bolt n. soonc.
ayurvedic practitioner n. cs C.

B

babul tree n. oac_ (co );
n. cc (co ).
bachelor n. soa' s:Lo.
back (of body) n. coc_.
backbone n. -0_.
backyard n. cc .
bad adj. coc;
adjl. o.
bad person n. nc_
1
.
bag n. coD;
n. oo ;
n. ``c.
bake become cool
English - Gondi 91
bake vt. ^:- .
bald adj. c'c_C, see: c'c.
bale out vt. o`_- .
ball n. n`c, see: n`C;
n. oc:.
balloon n. c:n .
Balsam pear gourd n. soc.
bamboo fish trap n. c:c_.
bamboo flute n. ^:cc.
bamboo mat (for covering) n. oc.
bamboo matting n. ee (1);
n. .c.
bamboo stick n. cc .
bamboo strip (thick) n. .s_.
bamboo strip (thin) n. co.
bamboo (thick) n. cc .
bamboo (thin variety) n. o' .
banana n. so.
bandicoot n. ;-.
bangle n. co .
bangle (glass) n. n .
bangle (thick) n. c.
Banjara (m.) n. cc-C.
Banjara (f.) n. cc- , see: cc-C.
bank n. co .
banyan tree n. co0 (co );
n. Lc (co ).
barber n. coc_;
n. con0.
barbers razor n. co .
bare adj. con_C, see: c.
bark for rope making n. o`.
bark (to) vi. c:L_- .
bark (tree) n. c`C.
barley n. L- n`L_.
barrel (of gun) n. <c.
barren adj. con_C, see: c.
barren area n. .cc.
barrister n. Lsc:.
basket (kind of) n. c ee ;
n. e`. ;
n. cc;
n. c:c ;
n. c:oc
2
;
n. -O_;
n. ^. ;
n. -O;
n. oo.
basket (small) n. co.
bat (mammal) n. s:^_Dc.
bathe vi, vt. o-oao/-, see: o;
vt. DL- .
bathroom n. c c:c.
bazaar n. c ;
n. oe:o.
be (to) v. c<:_.
bead n. cc.
bead necklace n. Dcs.
beak n. c`c .
beam n. `cc;
n. è
2
;
n. c`;
n. ^c
1
.
beam (main) n. cc .
bean (kind of) n. sò;
n. cc_o;
n. e.
bean pod n. -.
bean pods (kind of) n. sò--o/,
see: sò .
bear n. oc .
beard n. cc.
beast n. cooC.
beat vt. s`L_-
1
(2);
vt. `- .
beat (heart) vi. cL_- (3);
vi. cc_- c- .
beater (for hunting) n. cs`_C,
see: cs- .
beating n. c.
beautiful adj. `sè_, see: `s`c;
adj. `c C;
adj. ``cc, see: ``c;
adjl. ^:c .
beauty n. ``c.
because conj. -sc_;
corr. co c s, see: co .
become vi. c- .
become angry vi. ``c'-c-, see: ``.
become cool vi. -o- c- .
bed blackish
92 English - Gondi
bed n. seC.
bee (kind of) n. scC-D-, see: scC;
n. lo;
n. ^:o_.
bee sting n. se
1
.
beehive n. scC;
n. .o c`s_;
n. coC.
before adv-ppn. .cc;
adv-ppn. c:-_;
adv-ppn. cC.
beg vt. oC_- .
beggar (m.) n. O_nocC.
beggar (f.) n. O_noc, see: O_nocC.
begin vt. enc- s- ;
vt. ^:o- s- .
beginning n. cC.
behera tree n. eo_ (co ).
behind adv-ppn. . (. );
adv-ppn. coo.
bel tree n. co_ (co ).
belch n. co_.
believe vt. o' .- .
bell (ankle) n. nn .
bell (brass) n. sè.
bell (for animals) n. ;:on:.
bell (kind of) n. Do_;
n. o:c_;
n. c:c_.
bell (wood) n. e.y (2).
bell (small) n. c.
bellybutton n. c.
belonging to here advl. coc.
belonging to there advl. ooc, see: os_.
belt n. .e .
belt (peacock feather) n. cC-.e ,
see: cC.
bench n. s:o C.
bend vi. sò-
3
;
vi. Lo- ;
vt. cn- s- .
bend (around) vt. Loa- .
Bengal gram n. ^co.
bent adj. cn oC;
adj. cs C.
betel leaf n. Dc-cs, see: Dc (co ).
betrothal ceremony n. cn_o/.
bhilwa tree n. sò_ (co ).
bicycle n. -o sC.
big adj. cn.
big (nm.) adj. .o_.
big (m.) adj. .o`_, see: .o_.
bind v. co.
bind (to) vt. cL- .
bird (kind of) n. e- (.e );
n. ss (.e );
n. s. (.e );
n. n`.o (.e ), see: n`.o;
n. n (.e );
n. ec_ (.e );
n. ee (.e );
n. e`C (.e ), see: e`C;
n. òc (.e );
n. .oc (.e );
n. .yoc (.e );
n. .yoc-cn` (.e ),
see: .yoc (.e );
n. oJc (.e ).
bird (part of) n. c:c .
bird (generic) n. .e .
birds (flock) n. so.
birds (generic) n. .e -.yoc, see: .e .
birth n. -_;
n. .ye_C, see: .yc- .
birth (animals, to give) vt. LL- .
birthmark n. o` .
bison (?) n. c- co_.
bite vt. s- ;
vt. s_- ;
vt. s`_- .
bite off .C_ - sO-s-, see: .C
1
.
bitter gourd n. co_.
bitter (in taste) adj. so_C,
see: so- .
bitter (to taste) vi. so- .
black adjl. so.
black soil n. s- c`c.
black-faced monkey n. nc .
blackish adj. sooC, see: so;
adj. c` C (2).
blacksmith breakfast
English - Gondi 93
blacksmith n. O.
blade n. .O .
blade (agricultural) n. `.
blade (razor) n. co .
bland adj. c. .
blanket (decorative) n. oC.
blanket (for indoors) n. ```c.
blanket (for outdoors) n. nD .
blaze vi. `ò- .
bless (as in marriage) vt. ò
2
.
blind adj. n:c .
bloated due to indigestion (be) vi.
c:- o_- . - .
block vt. c:L- .
block (to) vt. sòc- s- (1).
blocked (to be) vi. c- .
blood n. -o .
bloom n. on.
blossom n. on.
blot n. e`_.
blouse n. ò;
n. o..
blow n. c.
blow away vi. oc- .
blow (horn) vt. eL_- .
blow nose vt. e- .
blowing horn n. oao .
blue (dark) adj. cC.
blue (light) adj. .c C.
blurred adjl. cccc.
board n. è.
boat n. os;
n. cc.
body n. cocC.
boil vc. Loo_--, see: LL_- ;
vi. LL_- ;
vt. Lc_-s-, see: LL_- .
boil (on skin) n. .y';
n. ``c.
boil over while cooking vi. e-
1
.
boiled rice n. ne`.
boiled water n. ce o, see: cc- .
boiling hot (to be ) vi. .c- .
boldness n. cc_o.
bolt (for axle) n. soonc.
bond vi. DL e:oc- .
bone n. c`s_.
book n. .y^ s.
bore vt. s-
1
.
bore hole vt. nc co-, see: nc .
born (to be) vi. .yc- .
bosom n. cc.
both (nm.) num. ooc.
bottle n. -`.
boundary n. co
1
.
boundary fence n. cco.
bow and arrow (small) n. n:oO.
bow (of instrument) n. .
bowels n. .oc ``c, see: ``c.
bowl n. `.
bowl (of clay) n. co_.
boy n. soc.
boy (newborn) n. c C, see: c.
boy (son) n. .cC.
boys and girls n. co-Doc, see: co .
bracelet n. c;
n. -<_o.
Brahmin (nm.) n. c'c , see: c'c C.
Brahmin (m.) n. c'c C.
brain n. cc.
branch of tree n. oc.
brand (something) vt. c_- .
brass adj. .oa c.
brave n. co_.
brazier n. cc (2).
bread n. ò.
bread (kind of) n. n`D;
n. cc.
breadth n. ooc.
break into pieces vt. e:s -s-, see: e:s .
break off vt. eoao/- .
break off (while cutting) vc. OLy-,
see: OL- ;
vi. OL- .
break open vt. cL- .
break (snap) vt. eo- .
break (snap a rope) vc. <D-, see: <L- ;
vi. <L- .
break wind vi. .L_- .
breakfast n. -o0.
breast by themselves
94 English - Gondi
breast n. cc.
breathe vi. -_- .
brick n. =e_.
bride n. -D , see: -c C;
n. cc, see: cc.
bride and groom n. -D --c C,
see: -c C.
bridegroom n. -c C;
n. ccC, see: cc.
bridle n. cno.
bring vt. co-c-, see: co- ``' - ;
vt. o- .
bring back vc. cc-, see: cC- .
bring out vi, vt. .-- .
brinjal n. `..
broken down vi. o._- c- .
bronze pitcher n. nn .
bronze-winged dove n. .yoc (.e ).
brook n. -c_.
broom n. so_.
brother n. s`s`.
brother and sister n. -cc-=D_,
see: -cc.
brown adj. <
2
.
brown sugar (coarse) n. c0.
bubble n. ```è.
bubble while boiling vi. cL_- (2).
bucket n. `ò .
bud of flower n. soo;
n. c:n .
bud (to) vt. s`c_- .
buffalo n. co_.
buffalo (wild) n. c- co_.
buffalo (m.) n. Ln .
buffalo (f.) n. oo C.
bug n. <c.
build vt. cL- (3).
bulb n. c:n .
bull n. sòc.
bull calf n. s:o .
bull (consecrated) n. c'co.
bullock blanket n. oC.
bullock cart n. s^.
bullock cart (part of) n. -cc.
bullock cart (small, for carrying people) n.
s .
bullock cart (with covering) n. oc
s^, see: oc.
bumble bee n. lo.
bunch (hair) n. c.
bundle n. ne ;
n. .oc_.
bundle (of plants) n. `c
2
.
buried (to be) vi. Do- .
burn vc. c:oc-, see: c:oc- ;
vc. o-, see: o- ;
vc. `ò-, see: `ò- ;
vi. c:oc- ;
vi. o- ;
vi. `ò- .
burn (to start) vi. c- .
burnt stick n. D^_c.
burnt (to be) vi. soa- .
burnt up (to be) vi. c:c_- c:c_- c- .
burrow vt. cc- .
burst vi. c- ;
vt. cL- .
bury vt. D- .
bush n. ``cc.
but advers. cO ;
advers. cO.
butter n. coc;
n. oooc
1
.
butterfly n. ^: `..
buttermilk vt. sò`L.
buttock n. sc.
buy vt. oo- .
buzz vi. oò- .
by day adj. .oC.
by oneself pron. o-_-o-o, see: o-_.
by themselves pron. oc_-oco,
see: oc_.

cabbage (leafy) change
English - Gondi 95
C

cabbage (leafy) n. `' n`c, see: n`c.
cabbage (generic) n. n`c.
cage n. .o .
cake (kind of) n. no_.
calculate vt. sL- .
calf (of cow) n. .o_.
calf (of leg) n. ,`c.
call vt. so- .
call out vi. os- -- .
camel n. eec.
cane stick n. cc .
capping n. c:c_c.
carefully adv. =``c_;
adv. e:c_;
advl. `s_.
carpenter n. cc.
carry away vt. c- .
carry (in lap, or on shoulder) vt. oo- .
carry on head vt. c`- .
carry on shoulder vt. so- .
carrying yoke with slings n. sD .
cart (part of) n. Dc;
n. c.y_c;
n. -n .
cart (with covering) n. oc s^,
see: oc.
cart (small) n. s .
cart (large) n. s^.
carve vt. c_- .
carving tool n. co_.
carving tool (small) n. so co_,
see: co_.
carving tool (large) n. c' co_,
see: co_.
caste n. O.
caste (kind of) n. s`D .
castor plant n. -oòc.
cat n. co_c.
catapult n. n:c .
catch vt. co- .
catch up vt. `. - s- .
catch while falling vt. o0- s- .
cattle n. .oo/-sC_, see: .o_.
cattle bell n. c:c_.
cattle bell (small) n. c.
cattle section n. sòc-cc, see: sòc.
cattle shed n. ncc.
cattle-bell n. -o_.
caught (to be, in a trap, by limb) vi.
n:c- c- .
caught (to be, in a trap, by neck) vi. e- .
caught up to vi. `. -c-, see: `. - s- .
cauliflower n. .y n`c, see: n`c.
cause to dance vt. oL- .
cause to drink vc. eL- .
cause to laugh vc. sLy- .
cause to remain vc. cs_- ;
vt. co_- (1).
cause to rise vc. cc-, see: cc- .
cause to rot vc. sc- .
cause to win vt. co_- (2).
cave n. coo.
cavity n. cc (1).
cement wall n. n`c.
centipede (black) n. Oo.
centipede (red) n. nò .yc.
central meeting place n. n`L c' nèo.
centre (location) adv-ppn. <c: o.
ceremonial instrument n. coJ.
ceremony n. cn_o/.
ceremony (kind of) n. -co/;
n. Dco/.
ceremony (marriage) n. co_o/.
ceremony (pre-marriage) n. eec.
ceremony (wedding related) vi.
cc_- ``'- .
chaff n. s:o_.
chain n. `s .
chair n. s:o_.
chameleon n. -o -co.
change vi. cc -c-, see: cc - s- ;
vt. cc - s- .
chappal cold (to have a cold)
96 English - Gondi
chappal n. ._C;
n. -oo.
charcoal n. sò_.
charm n. c:c_.
charming adj. `c.
charred n. D^_c.
charred (be) vi. cc- .
chase vt. .yc- .
chassis of cart n. -n .
cheek n. sò_.
cheetah n. Doc.
chest n. coC;
n. Ò.
chew vt. c- .
chew cud vi. oò_- .
chicken n. s`-`ò, see: s`.
chicken nest n. s`- nc.
chicken pox n. ,è:_c (``c-s:c),
see: ``c.
chickoo tree n. ^`è (co ).
chickpea (a) n. ^co.
childbirth (room) n. sèc (1).
children n. .s.
children (many) n. .s-cs,
see: . s.
childrens noise n. nC cc.
childs father-in-law n. ò
2
.
chilli flakes n. Do_c.
chin n. cc_.
chironji tree n. -o_ (co ).
chisel (big) n. ``c.
chisel (for rocks) n. <C.
chisel (for wood) n. ss .
choice n. c`< eC, see: c- .
choose vt. c- .
chubby adj. cc_C.
churni tree n. ô (co ).
churning stick n. eoC.
cigar n. Oc.
citrus n. ôc (co ).
city n. <n.
clan n. `c
2
.
clan member (m.) n. `cc`, see: `c
2
.
clan member (f.) n. `cc, see: `c
2
.
clan priest n. se`cC.
claw n. Oco.
clay bowl n. co_.
clay (dry) n. c`c.
clay vessel n. s``.
clean vc. `L- s- ;
vt. ee- s- ;
vt. ^:c- s- .
clean (rice) vt. O- .
clean rice (to) vt. cL_- .
clean up vt. `L-`ò-s-,
see: `L- s- .
clean water n. OsC o.
cleaned-up place n. .c .
clear adjl. oso.
clear out vt. oso-s-, see: oso.
clear with fire vi. s cO_ cD-s-,
see: s.
climb vt. o - .
climb up/over vt. L- .
close vi. coc-c-, see: coc- s- ;
vt. sL- ;
vt. coc- s- .
cloth n. `cc.
cloth (clothes to wear) n. s. .
cloud n. e`.
cloudy adjl. cccc.
cloves n. cc .
clown (in ritual) n. n:`c.
clump of earth (as in soil) n. c` .
coarse flour of millet n. c .
cob of corn n. c:D_
1
.
cobbler n. cocoC.
cobra snake n. -/- oo.
cockroach n. se_.
cocks comb n. s`s`_.
coconut n. -oC.
coconut (part of) n. `c.
coconut tree n. -oC (co ), see: -oC.
coiled (to be) vi. nc- `- .
coin n. sò ;
n. Oc .
cold n. ..
cold season n. .-nc:o, see: ..
cold (to be) vi. cc:- .
cold (to have a cold) n. .c_o/.
cold (water) crane bird
English - Gondi 97
cold (water) adjl. c:oao/ o.
collapse vi. oc- c- .
collapsed vi. o._- c- .
collar (metal) n. Dc_.
collect vt. Do- s- .
collection n. oooc
2
.
collection (of money) n. coc.
colony n. Lc .
colour n. oo/.
colourful adj. oo/-oon_, see: oo/.
comb n. son_.
comb (hair) vt. ec-
1
.
comb (large) n. .co.
come vi. c- .
come loose (rope) vi. oo/- .
come out vi, vt. .-- .
come to mind vi. oc- .
come together vi. nc- .
commit a mistake vi. c:s- (1).
companion n. ``. .
comparison advl. co' . . . co' . . .,
see: co';
advl. cc' . . . =c' . . .
compensation n. coc.
complaint n. .oc.
complete vt. .yo`-s-, see: .yo`.
completely adv. c`_c.
compost n. n`Ly.
compound n. cco.
compound gate n. ``.
compound wall n. cco.
console vt. ^D - s- (1).
constrict vt. ce - `- .
container n. cc_.
container (brass) n. co_.
continue vi. coc- .
contrivance n. cs_o.
cook vc. co-, see: c- ;
vi. c- ;
vt. cc- .
cooking house n. ce_C o`', see: cc- .
cooking vessel n. no.
cool adj. s-_';
vt. co- .
cool (become) vi. c- .
copper n. oc_.
coriander n. ^c_.
corn cob n. c:D_
1
.
corn of paddy n. n`c_.
corner n. s`c .
corner (for worship) n. .'-s`c ,
see: s`c .
corpse (m.) n. `<C.
corpse (f.) n. `-, see: `<C.
cot n. seC.
cotton n. s.y.
cotton padding n. oao.
cough vi. s`s - s- .
count vt. sL- ;
vt. cs- .
counting n. =``.
couple (wedding) n. -D --c C,
see: -c C.
courage n. co_;
n. cc_o.
courtyard n. cc ;
n. o_.
cousin n. c_ c.
cover n. c:c_c;
vt. .L- ;
vt. c:- .
cover over (to be) vi. Do- .
covering n. c..
cow n. co.
cow calf n. .c .
cow dung n. ^c..
cow dung cake n. n`c_o.
cow dung (piece) n. n`..
cow dung solution n. ^c
2
.
cowherd n. no_.
cow-itch plant n. -oa0.
cowpat n. n`..
cows urine n. `C n`D .
cowshed n. sè_;
n. c:oc
1
.
crab n. s .
crab shell n. e`s (2).
cradle (a) n. esc.
cradle (a baby) n. sò
1
.
crane bird n. ee (.e ).
crawl dawn
98 English - Gondi
crawl vi. co/- .
crawl (on stomach) vi. -c_- .
credit (to have something on) n. ec.
creep vi. co/- .
creeper (kind of) n. c/ o_ (c0);
n. c0.
crest n. s`c .
cricket insect n. DoC
2
.
cripple (m.) n. seC, see: sc- .
cripple (f.) n. se, see: sc- .
crocodile n. cn .
crooked adj. cn oC;
adj. cs C.
crop n. .oe, see: .oc- .
crore n. es.
cross vt. cL- ;
vt. L- .
cross beam n. c:cC.
cross-cousin (m.) n. c_ c.
crow (a) n. ssc.
crow (to) vi. s- .
crowbar n. ^c_C.
crowd of people n. coc.
crucial adj. sc_, see: so.
crush vt. e- .
cry vi. cc- .
cry out vi. s0 - .
cub (tiger) n. Occ.
cubit n. se.
cucumber n. ss ;
n. s:c.
cup (made of leaves) n. c``.
cupboard (metal) n. cc_o.
curdle vi. ^L- .
curds n. cc.
cure disease vt. c:o - s- .
curry n. c'.
curry (kind of) n. sc.
curry-leaf tree n. n`c 0o (co ), see: n`c.
curved adj. cn oC;
adj. cs C.
custard apple tree n. -o.c (co ).
custom n. cccc.
cut (down) vt. -c_- .
cut (open) vt. Do- s- .
cut (sawing action) vt. sò- .
cut (throat) vt. c_- .
cut (up) vt. o- .
cut (with teeth/scissors) vt. sO- s- .
cutting hook n. s:o.
cycle n. -o sC.
cylinder n. nè .
cylindrical framework n. nc.

D

daily adv. o`, see: o`.
dam (a) n. se ;
n. oco.
dam (to) vt. sòc- s- (1).
dam (small) n. `c
1
.
damaged vi. o._- c- .
dance (marriage) n. cc_.
dance (ritual) n. .;
n. coco.
dance (to) vi. ooc- .
dancer n. -o cC.
dancing (part of) advl. o:c:s_;
n. oc_.
dangle vi. co/- co/- c- .
daring n. co_.
dark adjl. ccL.
dark soil n. s- c`c.
darkness n. -se.
date palm n. ec_e.
date-palm n. -O (co ).
daub vt. c- ;
vt. De:- .
daughter n. Doc.
daughter-in-law n. sòoc.
daughters husband n. ^c.
dawn n. .C
2
;
vi. e - c- ;
vi. .C Do-, see: .C
2
;
day disappear
English - Gondi 99
vi. coco- c- ;
vi. Do- .
day n. co_;
n. cc;
n. o`.
day after tomorrow adv. c-_.
day before yesterday adv. o<c- -e .
day name (comes after) clitic. -e.
day 01 Monday n. ``c.
day 02 Tuesday n. con c.
day 03 Wednesday n. c:c_.
day 04 Thursday n. c^ c.
day 05 Friday n. ^:s c.
day 06 Saturday n. ^-_.
day 07 Sunday n. co c.
day-before-yesterday n. o-_(c) -e.
daybreak n. ``c -.--C, see: ``c .
daylight adv. sc _c_.
dead adj. `c`, see: `- .
dead body n. s.
dead man n. `<C.
dead woman n. `-, see: `<C.
deaf man n. c C.
deaf woman n. D , see: c C.
deaf (m.) adj. cc oC.
deaf (f.) adj. cc , see: cc oC.
debt n. so ;
n. cs.
debtor n. conC, see: co/.
decay vi. ^c- c- .
deceive vt. .-- s- .
deception n. c.on.
decide vt. .s_- s- .
decimated (to be) vi. coco- c- .
decompose vi. sc- ;
vi. ^c- c- .
deep adjl. `C.
deep pool n. s`_.
deep pool in stream n. co'.
deer (kind of) n. s:_;
n. nò ;
n. c;
n. cL.
defeat vt. ccco- .
defecate vi. .C_- .
deficiency n. sD_.
deity (name of a) n. cL_C
2
;
n. cs-. ', see: cs;
n. s`cC-.', see: s`cC;
n. o;
n. .o_ .', see: .o_;
n. OcC;
n. c-c- .';
n. oc_;
n. Ô .'.
delay n. sòo.
delivery lady n. ``- ccc.
dense adj. o:< .
dent vt. c. - s- (2).
descend vi. oo- .
desire vt. =- s- .
desk n. coD.
destroyed (to be) vi. coco- c- .
destruction n. <:s_'.
dew n. c.
dhal (kind of) n. .ycC;
n. .-C_.
dhoti n. cc.
diamond n. co.
die vi. `- .
different adjl. cn` (cnò).
different (emph) adjl. c/-cn` , see: cn`
(cnò).
difficult adj. se'.
difficulty n. os .
difficulty (to face) vi. .yL-
1
.
dig vt. s-
1
.
digested (to be) vi. o`s- .
digger (small) n. ò.
dilute adj. ò.
dinner n. -o0.
direction n. s`'.
direction (a) advl. sC-Lc , see: sC.
dirt n. c:c_.
dirt (on skin) n. c.
dirty adj. c` C (1).
disabled person (m.) n. seC,
see: sc- .
disabled person (f.) n. se, see: sc- .
disappear vi. c oc- c- ;
disappointment (to voice) dwarf
100 English - Gondi
vi. ``c- .
disappointment (to voice) n.
c:s- c:s- c- .
disapprove n. sL.
discard vt. ^:o- .
discard liquid vt. eO- s- .
discovered (to be) vi. .yc- .
disease (on plants) n. <-.
dishonesty n. c.on.
dislike vt. `_- .
displeased adj. -o.
dissolve vi. c - .
distance of two miles n. s`.
distorted adjl. cccc.
ditch n. -0 .
dive vi. c:c:o/-, see: c:c- .
dive down vi. nL c:c:o/-, see: nL
(n._).
divide vt. eò/-cc-, see: e`;
vt. o- ;
vt. ,s- s- .
division n. ce_.
do vt. s- ;
vt. oao/- .
doctor n. Lo oC.
doctor (local) n. cs C.
dog n. -o.
doll n. c`c_.
donkey n. nc.
donor n. c.
door (bamboo) n. ee (2).
door (wood) n. sLc.
dove (kind of) n. .yoc (.e ).
down advl. nL (n._).
downwards advl. nL (n._).
dowry n. ò
1
.
doze vi. s_- .
drag vt. eL- ;
vt. oo- .
drag ones feet advl. o:c:s_.
dragging tool n. no .
drama n. sC.
draw a line vi. s eo-, see: s;
vi. nc` eo-, see: nc`.
draw (water) vt. coc- .
drawing n. <s_.
dream vi. so_- .
dress n. ccon.
dried adj. Lc , see: Lo- .
dried stalk (broom) n. oe.
dried stalk (fodder) n. sc_.
dried stalk (waste) n. sc
1
.
drill vt. -o- .
drink vi, vt. e'- .
drink (inf.) vt. eoc<, see: e'- .
drip vi. ^c- .
drive vc. cs-, see: cs- ;
vt. .yc- .
drive away vc. ``c-, see: ``c- .
drop (from a tree) vi. s:- .
drop (something) vc. oaL-, see: o- ;
vi. o- .
droppings (animal) n. coc.
drown vi. c:c -c- (1), see: c:O- s- ;
vi. ``- ;
vi. c:c-, see: c:c- ;
vt. c:O- s- .
drug n. co.
drugs n. no.
drum (kind of) n. cL;
n. cc_;
n. oaco;
n. ce ;
n. Ô -cC, see: Ô .'.
drummer n. cC s_C, see: cC.
drumstick n. cc .
dry (cook) vc. .c-, see: .c- .
dry (to) vi. Lo- .
dry up vi. ce- c- .
drying pole (for clothes) n. ccc.
dumb (m.) adjl. cs.
dumb (f.) adjl. cs, see: cs.
durable adj. ^c:c.
during the evening adv. <:c.
dust n. c:c;
n. c:o ;
n. c:c_.
dust off vt. e^:L- .
duty (take guard) vi. n o/-.-, see: n .
dwarf n. n-C.
dye entwine
English - Gondi 101
dye n. oo/.
dynasty n. oc'.

E

each clitic. o.
eagle n. cn`.
ear (sg.) n. sD_.
ear (pl.) n. sL_, see: sD_.
earlier adj. c`c` ;
adjl. c`c ;
adv. <;
adv-ppn. .cc;
adv-ppn. cC.
earlier time (sg.) advl. c`c c-c-c ,
see: c-.
early in the morning (emph) advl. ^s '.
earn vt. sc_o- s- .
earring n. c_0.
ear-ring n. s:c_.
ear-ring (kind of) n. noeC.
ear-ring (with bells) n. cc.
earth n. c`c.
earthen frying pan n. cc.
earthen pot n. s``.
earthen vessel (large) n. non.
earthworm n. <c_o.
earwax n. sò- sC.
east n. -coo/.
easy adj. oc_C;
adjl. oc'_.
eat vt. D-s-, see: D;
vt. O'- .
eating n. -c .
eaves n. cc.
ebony (tree) n. oaD (co ).
edge n. sc.
edible root (kind of) n. nc ;
n. ce.
egg plant n. `..
egg (sg.) n. co.
egg (pl.) n. c_, see: co.
eggshell n. e`s (1).
eight num. cc.
elbow n. eòn.
elder brother n. ccC.
elder brother in law n. cc- c:ooC.
elder brothers wife n. c;
n. o .
elder sister n. os_;
n. co.
electricity n. sooc.
elephant n. o.
elope when pregnant vi. oo ``'- .
embankment n. se ;
n. co .
embrace vi. oc- c- ;
vt. cD - s-
1
;
vt. s0 - .
emerge vi. Do- ;
vi, vt. .-- .
emphatic particle attr. c ;
attr. O.
employment n. cO.
empty adjl. oso.
empty out vt. oso-s-, see: oso.
enclosure n. cc .
end (in the) adj. cso.
end (of rope) n. e (1).
end of saree n. -e - -L.
end of sword n. sc .
end portion of dhoti n. .c .
enough adj. co;
adjl. coo, see: c- ;
adjl. .yo .
enter vi. -o/- ;
vi. ``c- .
enter into vi. s:._- c- .
entirely clitic. .co/.
entrails n. ``c.
entrance (covered) n. ce.
entwine vt. -c- .
equivalent to English -ful fathers sisters husband
102 English - Gondi
equivalent to English -ful clitic. -c',
-coc.
erect (make) vc. .y- (1), see: L- .
erupt vi. c`s- .
escape (to) vi. ^:e -c-, see: ^:e - s- .
eunuch n. co cC.
evaporate vi. ce- c- .
even clitic. co.
even now adv. cs.
even though clitic. -c (2).
evening (during) adv. <:c.
every year advl. `0.
everybody (nm.) pron. ^D .
everybody (m.) pron. ^D , see: ^D .
everything pron. ^D .
evil spirit (kind of) n. c'oc;
n. c ne.
excrement (human) n. .o/.
exhausted (be) vi. se c- c- .
exhausted (become) vi. os_- c- .
expect vt. ô-^c-, see: ô.
expenditure n. so_.
experience (to) vi. L- .
express disappointment int. co_.
express surprise int. cc_.
expression (of surprise) int. co.
extinguish vt. .L- .
extinguished vi. .- .
eye n. sc.
eye colour n. sc.
eyeball n. n.
eyebrow n. sc-sòc, see: sc.
eyelash n. Doc.

F

face n. s`_o.
faeces n. .o/.
fair (big) n. c .
fair (small) n. oe:o.
fall vi. c- ;
vi. oc- c- .
fall (cause to) vc. co-, see: c- .
fall down vi. n._ c-, see: nL (n._);
vi. cc-c-, see: cc.
fall from mouth vt. ec- .
fall (to) vi. s:- .
falling stone trap n. c`_.
falsehood n. c.on.
family (member, f.) n. oò, see: o`'.
family (member, m.) n. o`c`, see: o`'.
fan vi. o_- .
fan (air) vt. oc- .
fang n. .C
1
.
far adjl. co/;
adjl. cs.
farm vi. oD- s- .
farmer n. s:_;
n. O-so_C, see: O
(- cc).
farming n. O (- cc).
fart (a) n. .o_, see: .L_- .
fart (to) vi. .L_- .
fat adj. e`^;
adj. cc_C;
n. s`c_o.
fat (to become) vi. c ocC-.,
see: cocC.
fat (m.) adj. .o`_, see: .o_.
father n. ccC;
n. cc'.
father and mother n. cL_C-cc',
see: cL_C
1
.
father and son n. co-=D_, see: co.
father-in-law n. cooC.
father-in-law (of child) n. ò
2
.
fathers elder brother n. ...
fathers elder brothers wife n. .o.
fathers father n. cc.
fathers mother n. c.
fathers sister n. cO.
fathers sisters daughter n. c_ cc.
fathers sisters husband n. ccC.
fathers younger brother fish (kind of)
English - Gondi 103
fathers younger brother n. c:c
ccC, see: c:c.
fathers younger brothers wife n. ss,
see: ssC;
n. ooC.
fear n. co.
feast n. Ly', see: D;
n. .onc;
n. ^c_.
feather n. co.
feed vt. OL- .
feel sorry vi. c:s c:s- c- ;
vi. `c - c- (oo- c- ).
fellow clan member n. s:e:c_C.
fellow clan member (m.) n. `cc`,
see: `c
2
.
fellow clan member (f.) n. `cc,
see: `c
2
.
felt (to be) vi. L- .
female (of animal) adjl. eè .
fence n. cco;
n. cco.
fencing wire n. ._o/ c, see: c.
fenugreek seeds n. cOo/.
festival n. ^'.
festival (big) n. ^c.
festival (holi) n. -c .
festival(kind.of) n. csc .
fetch vt. oo- .
fetch (bride) vi. cc_- ``'- .
fever n. oc_.
fiddle-like (instrument) n. ss.
field n. cLy.
fifteen num. -..
fig tree n. `s (co ).
fig tree (kind of) n. cò (co ).
fight n. nc;
n. Le ;
vc. co- .
file n. Do_.
fill n. L- ;
vt. cc- .
filled (to be) vi. .o- .
filter vt. no-s-, see: no_.
fin (of fish) n. D-C.
fine particles n. c:s_.
finger n. cè .
finger board (of musical instrument) n.
.oo (eoo).
finger (little) n. DC- cè .
finger (middle) n. cC cè ,
see: cC.
fingernail n. Oco.
finish vi. coc-c-, see: coc- s- ;
vt. .yo`-s-, see: .yo`;
vt. coc- s- ;
vt. cL- .
finish off vt. o- .
finished (to be) vi. c- .
finished work (be) vi. Dc_- c- .
finishing adj. cso.
fire n. s;
n. oc_.
fire (gun) vi. .ys- s- .
fire (to start) vi. c- .
fireplace n. cc (2);
n. ``c C.
firewood n. oc se .
firewood (thick) n. so .
firewood (thin) n. se .
firework n. .es.
firm adj. ^c:c.
first adjl. c`c ;
adv-ppn. .cc.
fish basket n. ce.
fish bone(s) n. L_- .
fish hook n. no.
fish (kind of) n. se c (D');
n. s:c_ (D');
n. sè_C (D');
n. c ;
n. e._ (D');
n. -o (D');
n. ``c (D');
n. cè ;
n. cco (D');
n. oac (D');
n. D_c (D');
n. -o_ -e (D').
fish (kind of, small, sg.) fox
104 English - Gondi
fish (kind of, small, sg.) n. cc_o
(cc_).
fish (kind of, small, pl.) n. cc__,
see: cc_o (cc_).
fish (generic) n. D'.
fisherman n. cLC;
n. c'oC.
fishermans wife n. c'o, see: c'oC.
fishing net n. o.
fishing rod n. ce .
fist n. c:e (1).
fit in vt. c:_- .
fitting (be) vi. `c - c- .
five pron. -o D, see: - o:o/.
five (nm.) num. -o:o/.
fix vi. DL e:oc- .
flag n. oc.
flag god n. oc-.', see: oc.
flame n. .
flame of the forest tree n. c: (co ).
flash vc. Dc_- .
flashing adj. Dc:_s- c:c:_s.
flat pan n. sc_c.
flats n. cc.
flavourless adj. c. .
flesh (piece) n. oco.
flint stone n. no` e- coc.
flint (with steel) n. s_s.
flock (birds) n. so.
flog vt. --_o- s- .
flood n. e^.
flour n. .oc.
flow vi. ``- .
flower n. .y;
vi. c- c- .
flower (kind of) n. oc .y.
flower (of maize) n. oc
2
.
flower (to) vi. `ò-
2
.
flowers (kind of) n. =oas, see: coas
(co ).
flute n. ``c_;
n. ^:cc.
fly n. c;
n. D-;
vi. .o- .
fly up vi. cc- .
flying ant n. e^:C.
fodder n. .o.
fold n. c:` ;
vt. `c- s- ;
vt. s - s- .
fold (a cloth) vt. c:c - .
fold hands (for worship) vi. sC_-s-,
see: sC.
folded arms n. sò
1
.
fontanelle n. eo`.
food (kind of) n. c:o;
n. oo;
n. `c.
food offering n. cc.
food scraps n. so_e.
food scraps fed to cattle n. coJ' (3).
foolish adj. cc:_e_C.
foot (part of) n. oc-sC, see: oc- so.
footprint n. sà .
for ppnl. c-;
ppnl. c- ;
ppnl. è.
for that reason corr. cc' c-,
see: cc.
for the sake of ppnl. è.
for this reason corr. =c' c- , see: =c.
ford vt. L- .
forehead n. s..
forest n. c.
forge (implements) vc. s`c- .
forget vi. cc- c- ;
vt. coao/- .
former adj. c`c` .
forward adv-ppn. c:-_.
found vt. enc- s- .
found (to be) vi. .yc- .
foundation (of house) n. co .
founded (to be) vi. L- c- .
four days from now n. c' .o_.
four (nm.) num. -c:o/.
four (m.) pron. -0_, see: -c:o/.
fowl n. s`.
fowl (wild) n. ^:o- s`.
fox n. sò cC.
frame of cart get wet
English - Gondi 105
frame of cart n. è.
frayed rope n. e (1).
free adj. .ys`c.
fresh (food or water) adjl. cc`.
fresh water n. OsC o.
fresh-water shrimp n. c .
Friday n. ^:s c.
fried gram n. c:o .
friend n. ``. _C, ``. , see: ``. .
friend (m.) n. ^.
friend (f.) n. ^`, see: ^.
frighten vc. co-, see: co- .
frighten away animals (stick to) n. e.y
(1);
n. 0s .
frill (?) n. -e - -L.
frog n. .-_.
frog (brown) n. <-.-_, see: <
2
.
from above adv. `ò`cC, see: `ò` .
from all sides advl. coc-os_, see: cs;
advl. cocs-oocs,
see: coc.
from here advl. cocC (cocs),
see: coc.
from here (nm.) n. =n eC, see: =n .
from there advl. ooc, see: os_;
advl. oocC, see: os_.
from there (m.pl.) distant n. ooc.
from there (nm.) n. cneC.
from village to village advl. ---e (-
-e'), see: -.
from where? adv. cocC, see: cs.
fruit (immature) n. D.
fruit of maize n. c:D_
1
.
fruit (part of) n. eò.
fruit (ripe) n. .oc, see: .oc- .
fruit (to bear) vi. `c- .
fry vt. c`c_- .
frying pan (earthen) n. cc.
frying pan (iron) n. sD_- cD;
n. cD.
fuel for fire n. n`c_o.
full grown (nm.) n. c:o , see: c:- .
full grown (m.) n. c:o` , see: c:- .
full moon n. .y-s.
full (to be) vi. oc- .
full up (to be) vi. .o- .
fume n. `ò, see: `ò-
1
.
fun n. nc_o.
funeral pyre n. ô'.
funnel part of seed drill n. c .
furrow dug along by plough n. c.
furry adj. c:o_C.

G

game n. s - .
game (kind of) n. Dc'_ce;
n. e. - coc;
n. c`s:_c- coc.
Ganges n. non.
garbage n. Do_.
garden n. cc.
gardening (to do) vt. os- s- .
garlic n. c^'.
gate n. ``.
gather vi. c -c-, see: c- s- ;
vi. oL- ;
vt. c- s- ;
vt. Do- s- .
gather (together) vi. Do-c-,
see: Do- s- .
gazelle n. nò .
generous adj. cc o_C.
get vc. .ye-, see: .yc- .
get crowded vi. n- O- c- .
get down vi. oo- .
get fat vi. c ocC-., see: cocC.
get lost vi. c:s_- c- ;
vi. cD - s- .
get ready vt. ^D - s- .
get stuck vi. oc- .
get up vi. cc- .
get wet vi. -oc- ;
ghee grass (kind of)
106 English - Gondi
vi. .y- .
ghee n. `C-o, see: `C.
gift n. coc';
n. cc.
giggle vi. c:- c:- sL- .
ginger n. cco.
girl n. .c , see: .cC.
girl (daughter) n. Doc.
girl (newborn) n. c , see: c.
girls (young) n. -cc-Doc,
see: -cc.
give vt. -- .
give birth to (animal) vt. LL- .
give up vt. ^:e - s- .
glance vi. cc_- .
glance (a) n. <c .
glance (to) vt. <c -s-, see: <c .
glow worm n. co- .yc.
glue vi. DL e:oc- .
gnaw vt. s`_- .
go vi. c- ;
vi. ``'- .
go along the road vi. ô-cs-, see: ô.
go off vi. sc- .
go out vi, vt. .-- .
go through narrow space vi. sc- .
go up vt. L- .
go up (as in waves) vi. cL- .
go wrong vi. cc_- c- .
goad n. oac o-cc , see: cc .
goat n. c's:c;
n. co .
goat shed n. sèc (2).
god (name of a) n. cL_C
2
;
n. cs-. ', see: cs;
n. s`cC-.', see: s`cC;
n. o;
n. .o_ .', see: .o_;
n. OcC;
n. c-c- .';
n. oc_;
n. Ô .'.
god (generic) n. . '.
goldsmith n. ``-oC.
Gond adjl. sò.
Gond (m.) n. sò c`, see: sò.
Gond (f.) n. sò oc, see: sò.
Gondi language n. sòo/.
gone out vi. .- .
good adj. c- ;
adj. c`_C;
adj. `c C;
adjl. ^:c ;
adv. `c;
advl, adjl. `s`c.
good-for-nothing adj. coc:/.
good-for-nothing person n. cocC,
see: coc:/.
goods n. `c'.
goods (cultivated) n. cC.
gore vt. s`L_-
2
(1).
gorgeous adj. `c.
gossiper n. c:cs- c:cs.
got (to be) vi. `c- c- .
gotten (to be) vi. .yc- .
gourd (Balsam pear) n. soc.
gourd (kind of) n. .yo_;
n. c`cc.
gourd (sponge) n. eè_.
gourd-bearing tree n. s:cc (co ).
grain n. c<.
grain basket n. c:c .
grain (cooked) n. n:n .
grain (kind of, small) n. cc.
grain remaining after threshing n. ô_.
grain store n. -O_.
granddaughter n. o Doc,
see: o co.
grandson n. o co.
grass n. c.
grass (kind of) n. so_-c,
see: so_;
n. ss0 (- c);
n. s:oc (- c);
n. no_ (c);
n. l-c (- c);
n. c:s (- c);
n. Osc (- c);
n. co_ (c);
n. cc_ (- c);
grasshopper hang (meat)
English - Gondi 107
n. co_0 (- c );
n. -oc (- c);
n. -c_ (- c).
grasshopper n. `c
3
.
grass-pulling tool n. cc .
grave n. D.
graze vi. co- ;
vt. cL- .
green adj. DcC;
advl. co_C.
green bean n. cc_o.
green gram n. .-C_.
green (raw) adj. .o_ (2).
greet vt. s0 - ;
vt. coc s-, see: coc.
greeting n. coc, see: coc.
grey-haired (become) vi. .c_- .
grind vt. -- .
grind into paste vt. s`L_-
1
(3).
grindstone n. o .
ground n. c`c.
groundnut n. c:o -.
group n. cocc.
group (cattle) n. coc.
grove n. n:c .
grow vi. c_- .
grow grey (haired) vi. .c_- .
grow (of plants) vi. c:- .
grow up vi. cn c-, see: cn.
guard vt. sL- .
guard (take) vi. n o/-.-, see: n .
guarding (crops) n. n .
guava tree n. L (co ).
guess vt. .yoc- .
guess a riddle vi. .oc .yoc-, see: .oc.
guest (m.) n. co C.
guest (f.) n. co , see: co C.
gul-mahua flowers n. =oas, see: coas
(co ).
gul-mahua tree n. = (co );
n. coas (co ).
gum n. -c_;
n. co .
gun n. coc.
gun (part of) n. `c
2
.
gush out vi. c:c_- .

H

habit n. cccc.
hail n. sC- coc;
n. n-coc, see: n.
hair n. sC.
hair bunch n. c.
hair parting n. c.
hair (pubic) n. -eo/.
hair (tuft) n. e (2).
hairy adj. c:o_C.
half adjl. co` .
half pound measure n. De .
halter n. cD ;
n. c^:.
ham n. oòc.
hamlet n. nc.
hammer n. ^:c .
hand n. so.
hand cloth n. -c.
hand (of watch) n. se
2
(2).
hand (part of) n. c^ o- so;
n. oc- so.
handful n. c:e - c'.
handful (of food) n. c:s_.
handkerchief n. c- .
handle (harrow) n. oac_.
handle (long) n. coc.
handle (plough) n. `c.
handle (round, metal) n. sc.
handle (short) n. c:e (2).
hands (open) n. s`cL.
handsome adj. `c C.
hang vt. ce_- s- .
hang (clothing) vt. `-- s- (1).
hang (meat) vt. eon- s- .
happen hole
108 English - Gondi
happen vi. c- .
happily advl. s:--s:-c, see: s:-;
advl. s:--ncc _, see: s:-.
happiness n. nc_o.
happy adj. s:-;
adj. s:`C, see: s:- .
hard adj. ;c;
adj. ^c:c.
hard interior of stick n. nc.
hare n. c' C.
harness vt. .yL-
1
.
harrow n. Ls.
harvest n. .oe, see: .oc- .
harvest festival n. c:o_s (1).
hat n. e`..
hat (of leaves) n. o.
hatch vt. s- .
hatch (bird) vi. cL- .
hatch (eggs) vt. so ec- .
have a meal vt. D-s-, see: D.
hawk n. cn`;
n. .yoc-cn` (.e ),
see: .yoc (.e ).
hay n. .o.
haystack n. .os:., see: .o.
he (prox.) pron. c.
he (dist.) pron. c.
head n. oc .
head (of corn, jowar, etc.) n. -'.
head of household n. cc_C.
head pad n. c:c_.
head (soft spot) n. eo`.
headache n. oc --oc, see: oc .
headman of village n. è C.
headmans wife n. è , see: è C.
healed (be) vi. c/- .
healthy (to be) vi. ^:c- c- .
heap n. s:.;
n. ce_;
vt. s:.-s-, see: s:.;
vt. oD_- s- .
hear vt. so- .
heartbeat vi. cc_- c- .
heat vi. s- .
heat (make) vc. s^-, see: s- .
heel n. cs.
heifer n. .c .
height n. ec.
hem n. sc.
hemp n. c:o .
hen n. s`.
henna n. coc.
her own (dist.) pron. o-_.
her (prox.) pron. c-.
her (dist.) pron. c<.
herd n. coc.
herd (tethered together) n. cc'.
herdsman n. co_C.
herdswoman n. co_, see: co_C.
here adv. =n .
here and there advl. sc:s- sc:s;
advl. cs_-os_, see: cs_.
here (take this) vt. =c .
hereditary musicians of Gonds n. .ec .
hesitation n. c-_'.
hiccup vi. os - s- .
hide vi. cs- .
hide (from harm) vt. D._- s- .
hide one self vi. s:._- c- .
hide (skin) n. c`C.
hide (something) vt. cs---, see: cs- .
high adj. cC.
high place n. c`n .
high shelves n. ceo.
hill n. n:e .
his own (dist.) pron. o-_.
his (prox.) pron. c<.
his (dist.) pron. c<.
hit vt. c. - s- (1).
hit (accidentally) vt. c/- .
hit against vi. c. - c- .
hither adv. cs_.
hive n. .o c`s_;
n. coC.
hives (itchy skin) n. c`c- .yc.
hoe vt. s`c- .
hoist vt. cc- s- .
hold vt. .- .
hold between teeth vt. s- .
hole n. nc .
hole (in tree) hut
English - Gondi 109
hole (in tree) n. cc (1);
n. c:c .
holi n. -c .
hollow adv. ,`s C.
hollow space n. cc (1).
holy place n. .'-nc, see: .'.
home n. o`'.
honey n. scC-o, see: scC.
honeycomb n. .o c`s_;
n. coC.
honey-comb (part of) n. o nc ;
n. .yo;
n. oo.
honour n. c';
vt. c'-co_c-s-,
see: c';
vt. c'-`' oao/-,
see: c'.
hood of cobra n. ;c.
hoof n. so.
hop vi. co- .
hope vi. c- s- .
horizontal beam n. `c
1
(2);
n. ^c
1
.
horn n. s`.
horn (to blow) n. oao .
hornet n. s:c_
2
.
horse n. `c
1
(1).
horse (kind of) n. s`ccL.
horse (minature, idol) n. `c
1
(3).
horse-shaped beam n. `c
1
(2).
hot adj. s^ , see: s- .
hot (become) vi. s- .
hot coals n. .
hot season n. e-_c;
n. csco;
n. oc -nc:o, see: oc .
hot water pot n. òo.
hour n. ;oe;
n. ;e_.
hours (time) advl. -s--s, see: -s- .
house n. o`'.
house foundation n. co .
house lizard n. s:c cs_, see: cs_.
house (multiple levels) n. cc.
house (part of) n. c:ocC;
n. cc.
how? advl. co'.
how many? pron. c`_o/.
how many? (nm.) pron. c .
how many?(m.) pron. cD_.
how much? pron. c`_.
how so? adv. =c' co', see: =c'.
hum vi. oò- .
hump n. soc.
hundred num. <;
num. o-.
hunger n. so.
hunger strikes s L` , see: so.
hunt (game) vt. -s-s_-, see: s_- .
hunt (work) vi. -s-s-, see: -s.
hunting n. -s.
hurriedly adv. cc_.
hurriedly (work not done well) adv.
o c- c c.
hurt int. co;
vi. -- .
husband n. cc_.
husband and wife n. cc cc_.
husbands brothers son n. co co .
husbands mother n. `òc.
husk n. ``c.
hut n. n:c_.

I itch
110 English - Gondi
I

I pron. <<_.
ice n. sC- coc.
idea n. ce - .
idle (person) n. coc.
idol (horse) n. `c
1
(3).
if corr. Jsoc;
corr. ;
corr. `;
corr. c.
ignite vi. `ò- .
iguana n. eoo.
immediately adv. co_.
immersed (to be) vi. c:c- .
important adj. sc_, see: so;
adjl. .
important (m.) adj. .o`_, see: .o_.
imprint (foot) n. sà .
imprint (thumb) n. cL_-
2
.
impure (liquid) adj. ò.
in adv-ppn. o```.
in earlier times advl. c`c -c-c ,
see: c`c .
in front of adv-ppn. c:-_.
in measured steps advl. `s_.
in order that ppnl. è.
in order to ppnl. c-.
in that way advl. co';
advl. co'.
in the manner clitic. cL.
in the middle (of) adv-ppn. <c: o.
in the morning advl. ^s .
in this way advl. =c'.
in vain (to be) vi. cc_- c- .
inauguration n. -on_s, see: -o/- .
in-between adv-ppn. <c: o.
incise vt. Do- s- .
increase vi. cc -c-, see: cc- s- ;
vt. cc- s- .
index finger n. cò_C cè .
Indian cuckoo n. s:s_ s:D (.e ).
Indian horse-radish tree n. c:c (co ).
infest (fruit or wound) vi. .yc- .
inhale vt. c_- .
injection n. ^:o.
ink n. ò.
inner room n. Oc.
insect n. .yc.
insect bites n. ,è:_c (``c-s:c) (2),
see: ``c.
insect (kind of) n. so- .c ;
n. nò .yc;
n. DoC
2
;
n. Do_C;
n. Os;
n. co o.
insect rust on plants n. <-.
insert vt. c:_- .
inside adv-ppn. o```.
inside (go) vi. ``c- .
insides n. ``c.
insipid adj. c. .
instance n. Ls:o (Ls ).
instrument (kind of) n. ^:cc.
instrument string n. c (3).
instrument (to play) vc. -s-, see: -s- .
insufficient to wear (be) vi. csc- c- .
interest rate n. cc.
internal organ (kind of) n. n:oc
so.
intestine n. so_.
iron n. sD_.
iron frying pan n. cD.
iron spike n. co.
iron-nail n. c.
irritate vi. c`s- .
is necessary adj. .c .
is (there) vi. coo.
it is pleasing vi. coc-c-, see: coc.
it (prox.) pron. =c.
it (dist.) pron. cc.
itch n. so;
n. n`sc;
its (prox.) ladle
English - Gondi 111
vi. `L- .
its (prox.) pron. c-.
its (dist.) pron. c<.

J

jab (accidentally) vt. noc- .
jagged adj. sco/- n`co/.
jaggery n. c0.
jamun tree n. coc (co ).
jaw n. cc.
join vi. DL e:oc- ;
vt. sc- (2);
vt. `c- s- .
joint (in bamboo) n. n-_.
joint (of limb) n. sc_.
jokes vi. L- .
jug n. c0.
jump vi. cL_- (1);
vi. co- .
jungle n. c.
jungle cat n. c_C.
jungle fly (big) n. c.
jungle fowl (kind of) n. ^:o- s`.

K

keep vt. =- .
keep person forcibly vt. sòc- s- (2).
keep watch vt. sL- .
kernel of chironji fruit n. oo.
key n. s: .
kick (a) n. co.
kick (to) vt. --_o- s- .
kill vt. soL- s- ;
vt. L_- ;
vt. o- .
kind n. O;
n. O.
kindness n. co.
king n. oC.
kiss vt. c:- .
kitchen n. ce_C s`-, see: s`-.
kite n. .oo/.
kite (bird) n. nocC.
knead vt. .^_- .
knee n. eòn , see: eòn.
kneecap n. eòn.
knife (long) n. Do.
knife (small) n. s.
knife (large) n. o-.
knock out vt. ô- .
knot n. ne .
knot (in wood) n. n-_.
know vt. .yoc- .
knowledge n. oLys;
n. cc_.
known (to be) vi. so- c- ;
vi. cc_-c-, see: cc_.
Kolam man n. .yo.
koyal (kind of bird) n. .oc (.e ).

L

lacker n. cs_.
ladder n. s^_c (-c).
ladder (part of) n. .c .
ladies n. cos, see: co_.
ladies-finger n. coc.
ladle n. .c
1
;
Lambadi (m.) like . . . like . . . (prox.)
112 English - Gondi
n. ^:s_c.
Lambadi (m.) n. cc-C.
Lambadi (f.) n. cc- , see: cc-C.
lame adj. con C.
lame person (m.) n. seC, see: sc- .
lame person (f.) n. se, see: sc- .
lamp (earthen, oil) n. cc.
lamp (kerosene) n. DD_;
n. cc_.
lampstand n. c_o;
n. c``c.
language (in pl.) n. n`c .
lap n. coc.
large bag n. ``c.
large basket n. Oc .
large drum n. cC.
large earthen vessel n. `ò.
large forest n. loc (1).
large green fly n. sD_-D-, see: sD_.
large slab of stone n. ` coc.
lash v. co.
last adj. -L ;
vi. o/- .
last daughter n. -L o, see: -L .
last meal with guests n. `òJ' .
last son n. -L c`, see: -L .
last year adj. o.
late (to be) vi. e-- s- ;
vi. sòo-s-, see: sòo.
lateness n. sòo.
laugh vt. sL- .
launder vt. ^:s- .
lawyer n. Lsc:.
lay down (offering) vt. Dc_- .
lay (eggs) vt. c- .
lazy adj. c:oc;
adj. cocC.
lazy man n. con:' so C;
n. c o`_C.
lazy (person) n. coc.
lead vc. cs-, see: cs- .
leaf n. cs.
leaf cup n. c``.
leaf for smoking n. c:e -cs, see: c:e .
leaf hat n. o.
leaf plate n. sc.
leak (slowly) vi. Lc- .
leak (with force) vi. c- .
lean against vi. cC - .
lean on vi. s- -- .
lean on stick vt. eL_- .
lean (thin) adj. ^.y.
lean to n. c:on.
leap vi. co- .
learn vt. so- .
leash n. ^c
3
.
leather rope or strap n. co .
leave vt. ^:e - s- .
leech n. -o (-o).
left adjl. cc_.
left (hand) n. cc_ so c, see: cc_.
left (side) adj. cc_ ss, see: cc_.
leg n. sC.
leg of bed n. oc.
lemon tree n. O o (co );
n. 0oc (co );
n. ^:o 0oc (co ).
lentil (kind of) n. ooo/.
leopard n. Doc.
lick vt. -s- .
lid n. c:c_c.
lie (a) n. ccc.
lie down vi. .c- .
lie in coils vi. nc- `- .
life n. cLys.
lift vt. cL- .
light (fire) vc. o-, see: o- ;
vc. `ò-, see: `ò- ;
vi. o- ;
vi. `ò- .
light (from source) n. cc_.
light (in the) adv. sc _c_.
light (weight) adj. oc_C;
adjl. oc'_.
lighter n. s_s.
lightning n. Dc_ LC.
like clitic. cL;
ppnl. co.
like . . . like . . . (prox.) advl. cc' . . .
=c' . . .
like . . . like . . . (dist.) lungs
English - Gondi 113
like . . . like . . . (dist.) advl. co' . . .
co' . . ., see: co'.
like that adjl. cc' c.
like this adjl. =c' c.
like this (type) adjl. ecC.
liking adj. s:- .
limp vi. sc- .
line n. s;
n. nc`;
n. .o_c.
line (in a) n. ò_.
lion n. Do'.
lip n. -D .
liquor (kind of) n. cc -sC, see: cc
(co );
n. -oc-sC, see: -oc (co );
n. coas-sC, see: coas
(co ).
liquor maker n. scc, see: sC.
liquor (generic) n. sC.
litter n. s - sc;
n. c:oas.
little adv. o- o .
little finger n. D_C Lc ' .
little girl n. c:D_
2
.
little while adv. c:s.
live vi. a- - s- ;
vi. -oc- c- ;
vi. coc- ;
vi. oc- c- .
liver n. ocs.
living things n. ac .
lizard (household) n. s:c cs_,
see: cs_.
lizard (snake-like) n. oo cs_,
see: cs_.
lizard (generic) n. cs_.
load vt. c - cc- .
loan n. so ;
n. cs.
lobe of ear n. n:c_.
local cigarette n. Oc.
lock n. s: -cc_, see: s: .
lodging of bridegrooms party n. <`.
loft n. ceo.
log n. `c
1
;
n. -c.
long adj. coc';
adjl. co.
long basket n. oo.
long festival n. ^c.
long section of a field n. co.
long time ago advl. c`c c-c-c ,
see: c-.
look (a) n. <c .
look at vt. ^c- .
look (to) vt. <c -s-, see: <c .
loop of snare n. `^.
loose (of rope) vi. oo/- .
loosen (something) vt. cc C- s- .
loot vt. ce- s- .
loser n. conC, see: co/.
loss n. cc- c- .
loss (make a) vi. c:c -c- (2),
see: c:O- s- .
lotion n. co.
loudly advl. ò .
louse n. .yo_;
n. -
2
.
love n. co_;
n. cc;
vt. cc-s-, see: cc.
lovely adj. `c.
lover (m.) n. ccC, see: cc.
lover (f.) n. cc, see: cc.
low tone adv. s:ò.
lower vt. oL- .
lower abdomen n. cc .
luck n. os ;
n. <-.
lunch n. -o0.
lungs n. ````.

mad person (m.) measure
114 English - Gondi
M

mad person (m.) n. .`_C, see: .ô/.
mad person (f.) n. .-_, see: .ô/.
made (to be) vi. c'- .
madness n. .ô/.
mahua flowers n. c:c_o (2).
mahua fruit n. no.
main adjl. .
main beam n. cc .
maize n. cs_o/.
maize (flower) n. oc
2
.
make a way vt. ô-s-, see: ^- .
make fun of vt. cc_oo/- s- .
make hot vc. s^-, see: s- .
make jokes (during marriage) vi. L- .
make known vt. =c C s- .
make ready vt. nc_- s- ;
vt. oo- s- ;
vt. D -s-, see: c - c- .
make rope vt. -c- .
make use of vt. sc:' o``` oo-,
see: so;
vt. ò c oo-, see: ò c;
vt. cD- s- .
make wet vt. <L- .
male (animal) adj. nò C.
man n. co <C.
man and woman n. co -co <C,
see: co .
man from there n. cne`, see: cn .
man of Harijan caste n. coc_C.
man (old) n. coC.
man or boy (with contempt) n. csC.
man who is always with ladies n. co -
C (1), see: co .
man who tends buffaloes n. c_ oC.
man who tends cattle n. co_C.
man who tends goats and sheep n.
-c_ oC.
man with female complexion n. co -
C (2), see: co .
mango tree n. co_ (co ).
manner n. oO.
manure n. o.
manure basket n. c ee .
many adjl. cc;
adjl. co (c).
many coloured adj. oo/-oon_,
see: oo/.
margosa (kind of tree) n. sD 0o (co ).
mark n. es ;
n. c`c.
market n. c ;
n. oe:o.
marking nut tree n. sò_ (co ).
marks n. .o_c.
marriage ceremony n. co_o/.
marriage (day after) n. co<.
marriage function (kind of) n. ;
n. c co .
marriage jokes vi. L- .
marriage (second) n. `c.
mask n. sè.
mask (religious) n. s`cC.
massage to relieve pain vt. c:o- s- .
mat n. ` .
match n. s - .
matchbox n. s-cO_, see: s.
matchstick n. s-s`c, see: s.
materials n. `c'.
maternal grandfather n. cs`_.
matter n. n`c .
matting n. ee (1).
matting (of bamboo) n. .c.
mature (nm.) n. c:o , see: c:- .
mature (m.) n. c:o` , see: c:- .
meadow n. .c .
meal n. D;
n. -o0.
meal (big) n. Ly', see: D.
meaning n. c .
meanwhile adv. c`_c o```, see: c`_.
measure n. oc;
measure (a kind of) mother in law
English - Gondi 115
n. -c ;
vt. sL- .
measure (a kind of) n. nc_
2
.
measure (medium, tall) n. cc .
measure (small) n. De .
measure (large) n. ò 0;
n. `òo.
measurement n. nc.
measuring stick n. co cc .
meat n. ^D_.
meat (piece) n. oco.
mediator of marriage n. ^: co C.
medicinal creeper n. c/ o_ (c0).
medicine n. co.
medicine man n. cs C.
meet vi. ce- c- ;
vt. sc- .
melt vi. c - ;
vi. en- c- .
member of household (m.) n. o`c`,
see: o`'.
member of household (f.) n. oò, see: o`'.
memory n. oc.
mend vt. ^:c- s- .
menstruation n. c.
menstruation (room) n. sèc (1).
metal collar (agr. implement) n. Dc_.
metal pitcher n. nn .
midday (at) advl. c:ò.
middle (in the) adv-ppn. <c: o.
middle (occurrence) adj. <e.
midnight n. cc cc- oc_.
midwife n. ``- ccc.
milk n. `C;
vt. `C .-, see: .- .
millet n. `<_.
millet heads fed to animals n. se.
mind n. cs.
mine pron. -L.
mirror n. co_.
mistake n. c:s_.
mix vt. D- - s- .
mole n. o` .
mole (on skin) n. s:o_o.
money n. sò o/, see: sò ;
n. .o `;
n. oa._o/, see: oa._.
money collection n. oooc
2
.
mongoose n. c:n.
monkey (black-faced) n. nc .
monsoon n. .-nc:o, see: .;
n. c:^.
monsoon (start of) n. Do/.
month n. cc-.
month 01 (March-April) n. o.
month 02 (April-May) n. cco.
month 03 (May-June) n. c:c- cco.
month 04 (June-July) n. csc .
month 05 (July-August) n. `ò.
month 06 (August-September) n. cs:o`s.
month 07 (September-October) n. ccc.
month 08 (October-November) n. so .
month 09 (November-December) n. ê .
month 10 (December-January) n. .y.
month 11 (January-February) n. co'.
month 12 (February-March) n. coc.
monthly period n. c.
moon n. on`;
n. -co (cco).
moon (appeared) vi. -co cò ,
see: c`L- .
moon (full) n. .y-s.
moon (new) advl. cLy^:' -e ,
see: cLy;
n. cLy.
moong dhal (kind of lentil) n. .-C_.
moonlight adv. sc _c_.
more adjl. ` .
morning n. cc - ``c .
morning (in the) advl. ^s .
morsel n. n.
mortar n. cc_.
mosquito n. <:c .
moss n. ..
mother n. cL_C
1
;
n. co.
mother and father n. co-ccC,
see: co.
mother god n. cL_C
2
.
mother in law n. `òc.
mothers brother new moon
116 English - Gondi
mothers brother n. ccC.
mothers brothers daughter n. co
c_ cc.
mothers brothers wife n. cO.
mothers elder sister n. .o.
mothers elder sisters husband n. ...
mothers mother n. ss`.
mothers sister n. c:c co,
see: c:c.
mothers younger brother n. ssC.
mothers younger sister n. ss,
see: ssC;
n. ooC.
mothers younger sisters husband n.
ssC.
mount vt. c - .
mountain n. ce .
mountain path n. cc.
mouse n. Ds_C.
moustache n. D-C_, see: D-C.
mouth n. c`c .
much adjl. cc;
adjl. co (c).
much later n. c' .o_.
mucus (dry, in nose) n. sL e_.
mucus (of nose) n. -cc.
mud (dry) n. c`c.
mud (liquid) n. co .
mud (wet) n. Ds .
muddy (almost) adj. .c_
2
.
murder vt. o- .
muscle n. .-_
1
.
mushroom (sg.) n. n:L.
mushroom (pl.) n. n:L_, see: n:L.
musical instrument (kind of) n. so_c;
n. ss;
n. òc_;
n. o ;
n. e`L e:c ;
n. cL;
n. c'on.
musical instrument (kind of, woodwind) n.
...
musical instrument (part of) n. .oo
(eoo);
n. co.
musicians of Gonds n. .ec .
Muslims n. oac_C.
mustard seed n. Os_;
n. co.
mute (m.) adjl. cs.
mute (f.) adjl. cs, see: cs.
muzzle n. c:-_.
my pron. -L.

N

nail (finger) n. Oco.
nail (metal) n. sc.
name n. `ò`C.
naming ceremony n. `D_.
nape of the neck n. no '.
navel n. c.
near adv-ppn. soao.
necessary (to be) vt. c/- .
necklace n. c:c_;
n. `Ò.
necklace (long) n. Dcs.
necklace pendant n. .y- .
needed adj. .c .
needle n. ^:o.
neem tree n. 0o (co ).
neighbour n. oò-so_, see: o`'.
neighbourhood n. Lc .
neighbours n. soL -.
nest n. nc.
nest (bees) n. scC.
nest (for chickens) n. s`- nc.
nest (hole in tree) n. c:c .
net bag n. -s_.
net (large, round) n. cn:c.
never advl. c-_'--c , see: c-_.
new moon advl. cLy^:' -e , see: cLy;
new (nm.) older sisters husband
English - Gondi 117
n. cLy.
new (nm.) adj. .y-.
new (m.) adj. .y-, see: .y-.
newborn (m.) n. c C, see: c.
newborn (f.) n. c , see: c.
news n. o .o;
n. n`c .
next pron. c:`` .
niche in wall n. s`-c.
night-blind adj. cocoC;
adj. ccocC.
nipple n. cò.
nit n. -
2
.
no more! adj. co.
nobody (nm.) pron. cc --c , see: cc.
nobody (m.) pron. c'o--c , see: c'.
noise n. nC cc;
n. c'0 .
noise (make a) vi. c'0 -s-, see: c'0 .
noise (much) advl. c- nc.
noise-making stick (big) n. e.y (1).
noise-making stick (small) n. 0s .
noodles n. -L_o/.
noose n. `^.
normal adj. `c C.
north advl. sC-Lc , see: sC;
n. c'.
nose n. ``.
nose mucus (dry) n. D. .
nose mucus (wet) n. -cc.
nose ring n. c:so.
nose stud n. <O_.
not be (to) vi. -c (-c ).
not needed adj. Le o.
nothing at all advl. coo--c , see: coC.
nothing (nm.) pron. cc --c , see: cc.
now adv. =.
now (emph.) adv. =os.
nowhere advl. cn '--c , see: cn .
numb (become) vi. cs - c-
2
;
vt. ô- .
numbness n. -oao.
nuzzle vt. c:- ;
vt. c_- .

O

oath n. cc;
vi. cc-.-, see: cc.
oblique-leaved jujube n. ô (co ).
obstinacy n. oc.
obstruction n. `c
1
.
obtained (to be) vi. `c- c- .
occur to mind vi. oc- .
occurrence n. `s.
Oclock advl. -s--s, see: -s- .
of that kind (nm.) adj. ccC.
of that kind (m.) adj. cc`.
of this kind (nm.) adjl. ecC.
of this kind (nm., pl.) adj. eco/.
of this kind (m.) adj. ec`.
of what kind? (nm.) pron. ccC.
of what kind? (m.) pron. cc`.
offering (bowl with food) n. c:o_s (2).
office n. sc:_o.
oh! int. cc_.
oil n. o.
oil cake n. .D.
oil prepared out of fat n. s`c_o o,
see: s`c_o.
oil tin n. .`.
okra n. coc.
old adj. .c-.
old age n. ccC `', see: ccC.
old man adj. c`c` ;
n. .c-, see: .c-;
n. coC;
n. ccC.
old (of cattle) adj. cn .
old woman n. cò , see: c`c` ;
n. coo, see: coC.
older man adj. .o`_, see: .o_.
older sisters husband n. ce`.
older woman peacock
118 English - Gondi
older woman adj. .o_.
oleander n. ;-_ (co ).
on adv-ppn. `ò` .
on behalf of adv. c-;
adv. c-.
on foot adv. sC_ -, see: sC.
on four sides adv. -c:o/ ss, see: ss.
on that day adv. coe.
on the left hand adv. cc_ so c,
see: cc_.
on the left hand side adv. cc_ ss,
see: cc_.
on the right hand adv. O-_ so c,
see: O-_.
on the right hand side adv. O-_ ss,
see: O-_.
on what day adv. coe.
once adv. eoc `s.
once again advl. eoc-co , see: eoc.
one and a quarter (1) fraction num. ^c_.
one (nm.) num. eoc.
one (m.) num. Lo`.
onion n. e0 .
only attr. -oL.
open adjl. :c' ;
vt. enc- s- ;
vt. co- .
orange n. ôc.
orchard n. n:c .
ornament n. c.
ornamental belt n. so` c.
orphan (female) n. ``ê `ò, see: ``ê
`òC.
orphan (male) n. ``ê `òC.
ouch! int. co.
our (sg.) pron. cL.
our (pl.) pron. cLo/, see: cL.
outside adv-ppn. cc .
outstanding n. so ;
n. cs.
overflow vi. ``- .
owl n. n:cc.
owner n. cc_C.

P

paan leaf n. Dc-cs, see: Dc (co ).
paan tree n. Dc (co ).
pad (for bullock) n. `c.
padding (cotton) n. oao.
paddy (sg.) n. Loa.
paddy (pl.) n. Loao/, see: Loa.
pail n. c0.
pain n. co_C (1);
n. -oc.
palace n. o- cc.
palanquin n. `0_.
palm liquor n. cc -sC, see: cc
(co ).
palm of hand n. c^ o- so;
n. oc- so.
pan n. sc_c.
pant (to) vi. -_- .
panther n. `òDcC.
papaya tree n. ``.o (co ).
parcel n. ne .
parch (grain) vc. .c-, see: .c- .
parched grain n. cco/;
n. oJco/.
Pardhan n. .ec .
parents n. cL_C-cc', see: cL_C
1
;
n. co-ccC, see: co.
parrot (big) n. oc C.
parrot (generic) n. on`.
parrot (small) n. cn C.
part n. e`.
partially ripe fruit n. c:c_o (1).
particles (fine) n. c:s_.
partition n. no.
partridge (kind of) n. ss o.
past adj. c`c` .
pat on back vi. `. - s- .
path n. ô.
peacock n. cC.
peacock feather belt plough (part of)
English - Gondi 119
peacock feather belt n. cC-.e ,
see: cC.
pearl n. O.
peel vt. cc- - - .
peeled (be) vi. cco/- .
peepal tree n. c0 (co ).
peg n. soe;
n. Dc.
peg at side of yoke n. -cc.
peg (for snares) n. ec.
peg of stringed instrument n. s`c (2).
pen n. `òe'.
pencil n. se -`òe', see: `òe'.
pendant n. .y- .
penis n. c`.
people n. '_.
people (pl.) n. c's.
period n. c-;
n. c.
perseverance n. oc.
person threatening to hit n. co_C (2).
pesticide n. co .
pesticide pump n. co-cc_, see: co .
pestle (stone) n. o`csC.
pestle (wooden) n. o`sC.
petticoat n. nn .
phratry n. ^n .
pick up vt. .- .
pick vegetables leaves vt. s- .
pickles n. oo .
piece n. e`;
n. e:s .
piece of chalk n. cs_'-s`c, see: s`c.
pierce (accidentally) vt. noc- .
pierce (for a tattoo) vt. s`L_-
2
(2).
pierce (gore) vt. s`L_-
2
(1).
pierce (poke) vt. s`c- .
pig n. .c .
pigeon n. òc (.e ).
pigeon hawk n. .yoc-cn` (.e ),
see: .yoc (.e ).
pigeon (kind of) n. ``<c.
pill n. n`0.
pincers n. Dc .
pinch vt. s_- .
pink powder n. n:c_C.
pinky n. DC- cè .
pins and needles n. -oao.
pip (of fruit) n. .c.
pip (of mango) n. eò.
pipe (for liquid) n. nè .
pipe (smoking) n. c:e .
pit n. cc .
pitcher n. s.
place (a) n. n.
place for ceremony n. c.
place for worship n. .'-s`c ,
see: s`c .
place things in disordered manner vt. os
cs =-, see: oso.
place (to) vt. e_- .
place (to this) adv. cs_.
place where a god lives n. loc (2).
plain n. .c .
plait (hair) n. o`_oc.
plane (tool) n. s s`c.
plank n. è.
planning n. so_o.
plant vt. e_- ;
vt. ;:-- s- .
plant (kind of) n. oc .y;
n. -oòc.
plantain n. so.
plantain tree n. so (co ), see: so.
plaster vt. c- .
plate n. cc.
plate containing coins n. co .
plate (for eating) n. cco.
plate (weighing scales) n. cn .
plate (large) n. .oo.
platform for weddings n. c`L c.
play vi, vt. s_- .
play acting n. sC.
play (instrument ) vc. -s-, see: -s- .
pleasure n. coc.
plough (a) n. -o C.
plough harness (part of) n. `c.
plough (part of) n. so `;
n. `c;
n. -cc.
plough (to) pulses (kind of)
120 English - Gondi
plough (to) vt. ec-
2
.
plough (generic) n. -.
pluck vt. sò- .
plug vt. c:L- .
plum (wild) n. o.
plump adj. cc_C.
pocket n. s`.
pod (of bean) n. -.
point n. s`c .
point (in game) n. .c
2
.
point out vt. c`L- .
point where stem joins fruit n. e`c_.
pointer (scales) n. se
2
(1).
pointing finger n. cò_C cè .
poison n. Ds.
poke vt. s`c- .
pole (for clothes to dry on) n. ccc.
pole (ritual) n. se.
pole (vertical) n. co.
polish n. cs_;
vi. cc _-c-, see: cD_- s- ;
vt. cD_- s- .
ponder vi. ``- - s- .
pop (grain) vi. .c- .
porch n. ce.
porcupine n. ^:o - .c.
porridge (kind of) n. co< L,
see: co<;
n. L.
pot (clay, large) n. c:c .
pot (clay, small) n. :oc.
pot (cooking) n. no.
pot holder n. c:c_.
pot (large, for heating water) n. òo.
pot (metal, for water) n. ncc.
pot (metal, rounded) n. s:o_.
potato n. cc.
potion n. co.
potter n. s:c_C.
potters wife s:c_, see: s:c_C
1
.
pouch n. ce .
pound vt. e- ;
vt. ce - s- .
pound (in mortar) vt. s`L_-
1
(1).
pour out vt. cc- .
powder (from worms) n. <c.
powder (red) n. s:s_.
powder (red and pink) n. s:s_ n:c_C,
see: s:s_.
power n. sooc.
pregnant stomach n. ..
pre-marriage ceremony n. eec.
prepare vt. oo- s- ;
vt. D -s-, see: c - c- ;
vt. ^D - s- .
press vt. cc_- .
press (with great force) vt. cO- s- .
previous adjl. c`c .
pre-wedding tradition n. ^nc.
prick vc. sè-, see: s`c- .
prick (accidentally) vt. noc- .
pricking n. -oao.
priest n. se`cC;
n. cco.
priests wife n. se`c, see: se`cC.
procure vc. .ye-, see: .yc- .
prod n. c:s _.
prodding stick n. oac o-cc , see: cc .
produce (cultivated) n. cC.
profit n. ò c.
progress (be in) vi. cs- .
proliferate vi. .yc- .
proper adj. `sè_, see: `s`c.
proper (be) vi. `c- c- .
prostrate oneself vi. sC_-c-, see: sC.
protect vt. D._- s- .
provisions n. coc.
pubic hair (pl.) n. -eo/.
pull vt. eL- .
pull along vt. oo- .
pull down vt. D_- .
pull faces vt. coa- .
pull out vt. c- .
pull up vt. cc- s- .
pullet n. s`-`ò, see: s`;
n. oc s`.
pulley (on well) pull n. no_.
pulse (kind of) n. ooo/.
pulses n. co .
pulses (kind of) n. .-C_.
pump (for pesticides) ready (get)
English - Gondi 121
pump (for pesticides) n. co-cc_,
see: co .
pumpkin n. s`c .
pus n. sco.
push vt. cn - s- .
push in vt. c:_- .
push over vc. sc-, see: sc- .
push (with fingers) vt. cL_-
1
.
pustule n. ``c.
put vt. =- .
put down vt. c- .
put hands together vi. c: - s- (2).
put in vt. -L- .
put on vt. `òc- ;
vt. cD- s- .
put on eye colour vi. sc c-,
see: sc.
put (seed) vt. e_- .
put sitting vc. e.y- .
put standing vc. o-, see: o- ;
vc. .y- (1), see: L- ;
vc. c-, see: C- .
put to sleep vc. Doc-, see: Doc- .
python n. c^C.

Q

quail n. eO.
quarrel n. nc;
vc. co- ;
vi. n:c- .
quarter adjl. .cc'.
queen n. ccc.
quench thirst (become) vi. c- .
question vt. .y-- s- .
quickly adv. co_;
advl. ò ;
advl. co_-co_, see: co_;
advl. ^._;
advl. ^L-^L, see: ^._.
quiet adj. c.
quilt n. c'oc.
quit vt. ^:e - s- .
quiver n. nè .

R

rabbit n. c' C.
race n. oc'.
racket n. nC cc.
racket (a) n. c'0 .
racket (make a) vi. c'0 -s-, see: c'0 .
rafter n. c`.
rain n. ..
rain drop n. eL .
rainbow n. sc- .e .
rainwater n. .-o, see: ..
rainy season n. .-nc:o, see: ..
raise vc. cc-, see: cc- ;
vc. .y- (1), see: L- ;
vt. cL- ;
vt. ``-- s- .
raise position vt. oL- .
rake n. coc.
ram n. oc_.
rash (skin) n. c`c- .yc.
rat n. o0 .
rat (kind of large) n. ;-.
rate n. cc.
raw adj. .o_ (2).
ray tree n. `coc (co ).
razor n. co .
reach vi. `ò- c- ;
vt. coc- ;
vt. oL- .
read vt. cD- s- .
ready (get) vi. cn` .
ready (to be) roam
122 English - Gondi
ready (to be) vi. oo-c-,
see: oo- s- ;
vi. c - c- ;
vi. ^c-c-, see: ^D - s- .
reap vt. sò- .
rear (of bird) n. c:c .
receptacle (of joined hands) n. s`cL.
recognize vt. c:c- ;
vt. cc_-=-, see: cc_.
recognized (to be) vi. cc_-c-,
see: cc_.
recollection n. oc.
recurring time advl. Ls '-Ls , see: Ls:o
(Ls ).
red adj. on C.
red-faced monkey n. s`c.
reduced to ashes (to be) vi.
c:c_- c:c_- c- .
refuse (rubbish) n. Do_.
region n. .e .
relationship n. `ò os (`òs).
release vt. ^:e - s- .
religious observances (pl.) n.
c- D.
remain (to) vi. cs- .
re-marriage n. `c.
remember vi. coa-s-, see: coa;
vt. cc_-=-, see: cc_.
remembrance n. c oa.
remove vt. coc- ;
vt. co- s- .
remove misunderstanding vt. ^D - s- (2).
repent vi. c:s c:s- c- ;
vi. `c - c- (oo- c- ).
replete (to be) vi. .o- .
reportative (it is said) clitic. cc ;
clitic. co .
request vt. oC_- .
resemblance ppnl. co.
respect n. c'.
respectful (to be) vi. c--c-, see: c'.
rest n. `.y;
vi. oò- .
restrict vt. sòc- s- (1).
return vc. cc-, see: cC- ;
vi. cC- .
revile vt. oo/- .
revive to life vt. cL- (2).
rheum of eye (dry) n. D. .
rib cage n. co c.
rice (bolied) n. ne`.
rice (ceremonial) n. cs_co/.
rice (scraps) n. .ô.
rice (uncooked) n. .os.
rich man n. c<c'.
riddle n. .oc.
right adjl. O-_.
right away adv. co_.
right (hand) adj. O-_ so c,
see: O-_.
right now adv. =os.
right (side) adj. O-_ ss, see: O-_.
rim n. cc.
ring n. es c:c , see: es ;
n. c:c .
ring finger n. c:c cè , see: c:c .
ring-worm n. DoC
1
.
ripe fruit n. .oc, see: .oc- .
ripen vi. .oc- ;
vi. c:- .
rise vi. cc- ;
vi. cL- ;
vi. L- .
rise (stand) vi. C- .
rise (sun) vi, vt. .-- .
ritual bamboo pole n. se.
ritual bath n. ccc ` '.
ritual food server n. nc_C.
ritual (kind of) n. ^nc.
ritual offering n. c:o_s (2).
ritual song n. c-.
ritual song and dance n. coco.
ritual stick n. coJ.
river (deep part) n. c.
river (small) n. -c_.
river (medium) n. s:cc.
river (large) n. non.
rivulet n. -c_.
road n. ô.
roam vi. c0- .
roar sari (part of)
English - Gondi 123
roar vi. cs - c- .
roast vt. c`c_- .
rob vt. ce- s- .
rock n. coc.
rock (big) n. s`C coc.
rock (kind of) n. Dò- coc.
rock pigeon n. òc (.e ).
rod (thick) n. `è.
rod (threshing) n. sè c.
rod (medium) n. cc .
roll over vi. sc- .
roll up vt. n:oc- s- .
rolled up (to be) vi. n:oc-c-,
see: n:oc- s- .
roller (bird) n. ec_ (.e ).
roof n. c.;
n. cc;
n. c:on.
roof (part of) n. cc.
room n. sèc (1);
n. s`c;
n. s`-;
n. `0;
n. oo .
room (inner) n. Oc.
rooster n. n`n .
root n. -
1
.
root (kind of) n. ce.
rope n. -c.
rope (for bullocks) n. ^c
3
.
rope (for tying cattle) n. cD .
rope (leather) n. co .
rope (thin) n. ^:O .
rope (to make) vt. -c- .
rosella n. cocc.
rot vi. ^c- c- .
rotten vi. sc- .
round adj. n:oc C;
adj. n`c_C, see: n`C;
adjl. n`C.
round and round advl. n- n.
rouse from sleep vt. cL- (1).
row n. ò_.
row of bulls for threshing paddy n. Ò.
rub pan in palm vt. le- s- .
rub with hands vt. n-- s- .
rubbish n. s - sc;
n. c:oas;
n. Do_.
ruminate vi. oò_- .
run vi. Do- ;
vi. ^c- .
run away vi. ``c- .
Rupee n. oa._.
rushed adv. cc_.
rust vi. o/- .- .
rust (on plants) n. <-.

S

sack n. oo ;
n. ``c.
sacred spear head n. ^c .
sacred thread worn around waist n. nòc.
sacred Tulsa tree n. oa0_ (co ).
sacrificer (of humans) n. coc.
sacrificial animals n. ^:oo/.
saddle n. `n .
sag vi. ccC- c- .
saj tree n. c (co ).
saliva n. `C.
salt n. ``c.
salute vi. c: - s- (1).
salvation n. .`_c, see: .- .
samba (m.) n. cn o.
sand n. e-_.
sandal n. ._C;
n. -oo.
sanva corn n. `c.
sap n. -c_.
sapling n. `ò_.
sapota tree n. ^`è (co ).
sari n. cs .
sari (part of) n. oc
1
.
satisfied (to be) share
124 English - Gondi
satisfied (to be) vi. .o- .
Saturday n. ^-_.
savage adj. cccc_C.
save vc. cs_- ;
vc. .^-, see: .- .
saved (to be) vi. .- .
saving n. .`_c, see: .- .
say ppt. =c s ;
vt. ='- ;
vt. ='- .
scab n. s. .
scaly pangolin n. eoo.
scar n. ;L.
scare away vt. co-s-, see: co.
scarecrow n. c: c.
scatter vt. cc- .
scatter (food) vt. Dc_- .
scatter (seed) vt. os- .
scattered (be) vi. os cs c-, see: oso.
school n. `c.
scissors n. sc o.
scold vt. oo/- .
scoop vt. c`- .
scorpion n. D`_.
scorpion (red) n. .oc D`_, see: D`_.
scrape vi. sò-
1
;
vt. o_- ;
vt. on - s- .
scrape off vt. s- .
scrape up vt. ec- .
scraps n. .ô.
scratch vt. cc_- .
scream vi. s0 - .
screen (bamboo) n. ee (1).
screw vt. .c- .
scruff vi. sò-
1
.
search and find vc. .ye-, see: .yc- .
search for vt. cL_- .
season n. nc:o.
season (curry) vt. `ò.
seasoned vegetables n. s:-.
seat n. s:o C;
vc. ec:-, see: ec- ;
vc. e.y- .
second pron. c:`` .
second finger n. c:c cè , see: c:c .
secretion (dry) n. D. .
secretly adv. s:ò.
section of field n. c`.
section of town n. Lc .
see vt. ^c- .
seed drill n. O.y'.
seed drill (horizontal part of) n. `c
1
.
seed drill (part of) n. sò_.
seed (for sowing) n. D .
seed (of fruit) n. .c.
seed (of mahka fruit) n. s`c o/.
seed (of mango) n. eò.
seed (of sesame) n. <o/.
seed (of tamarind) n. D`s.
seeder n. co_.
seeds (cooked) n. n:n .
seem vi. c- .
seize vt. .- .
sell vt. cL- .
send vt. o`L- .
separate adjl. cn` (cnò);
adjl. c/-cn` , see: cn` (cnò);
vt. ,s- s- .
separated (to be) vi. ,s-c-,
see: ,s- s- .
servant n. nc_C.
service n. -L_o.
sesame seeds n. <o/.
set a trap (to) vt. coc- s- .
set (of sun) vi. c:c -c- (1), see: c:O- s- .
set (sun). go away vi. ``c- .
set up vt. e_- .
settle vt. .s_- s- .
seven (nm.) num. oco/.
seven (m.) num. oc_, see: oco/.
sew vt. s`c- .
shade n. cc_.
shadow n. `D .
shaft (of tool) n. coc.
shake vi. c0- ;
vi. c c-, see: c0- ;
vt. o0- s- .
shake off vt. oc- s- .
share vt. o- .
sharp sisters son
English - Gondi 125
sharp adj. ^:o_C.
sharp (to be) vi. ``c- .
sharpen vt. c -- .
sharpen (an instrument) vt. ^:c- s- .
sharpening stone n. c-C-coc,
see: c- - .
sharpness n. .c_
1
.
shave vt. sò-
2
.
shaven-headed adj. c'c.
she (prox.) pron. =c.
she (dist.) pron. cc.
shed (for animals) n. sè_.
shed (for goats) n. sèc (2).
sheep n. cc_.
shell n. -..
shell of chironji n. -e.
shell (of crab) n. e`s (2).
shell of mahua flower n. s..
shell (to) vt. cc- - - .
shelter n. cco;
n. coc.
shepherd (m.) n. n`c C.
shepherd (f.) n. n`c , see: n`c C.
shift vi. ô_- c- .
shine vc. Dc_- ;
vi. cc _-c-, see: cD_- s- ;
vt. cD_- s- .
shining adv. ono- ono.
shining brightly (beam of light) adv.
eoc.
shining dimly (beam of light) adv.
eo.
shirt n. con .
shocked vi. cs_- c- .
shoot n. cs.
shop n. c:s'.
short adj. csc.
short (height) adj. e:._.
short (length) adj. coc.
short pants n. ò_.
short steps advl. o:c:s_.
shorts n. ò_.
shoulder n. -e ;
vt. so- .
shoulder bag n. oo.
shout vi. sc - s- ;
vi. os- -- .
shove vt. cL_-
1
.
show vt. c`L- .
shrimp n. c .
shrine n. .'-nc, see: .'.
shrink (as in cloth) vi. cs - c-
1
.
shrink (cheeks) vi. c'e`- `òc- .
shrivel up vi. c:o- c:o- c- .
shrub n. c;
n. ``cc.
shudder n. oc ;
vi. oc --, see: oc .
shut vt. sL- .
shy (be) vi. c - c.
sickle n. -ec.
sickle (small) n. s:o.
side n. ss;
n. c.
side of drum n. e.
sieve n. no_;
n. c_;
vt. no-s-, see: no_.
sift vt. O- .
signet ring n. es c:c , see: es .
silent adj. c.
silent (be) vi. s: c c'- .
silk-cotton tree n. cc (co );
n. c0_ (co ).
silver n. so.
silver neck ornament n. ô .
silverfish n. sos.
similar (be) vi. `c- c- .
similar to that adjl. cc' c.
similar to this adjl. =c' c.
since adv-ppn. . (. ).
sing vt. c- .
sink vi. c:c -c- (1), see: c:O- s- ;
vi. ccC- c- ;
vt. c:O- s- .
sink down vi. nL c:c:o/-, see: nL
(n._).
sister (younger) n. -cc.
sisters daughter n. ^c-Doc, see: ^c .
sisters son n. ^c-co, see: ^c.
sit sole of foot
126 English - Gondi
sit vt. ec- .
six (nm.) num. òao/.
six (m.) num. ò_, see: òao/.
sixty-eight num. cc:`c.
skin n. c`C.
skin (of fruit or animals) n. ``c.
sky n. oc.
slap vt. c` - `- .
slate n. è.
sleep n. `.y;
n. oL;
vi. <oaL- ;
vi. .c- ;
vi. Doc- .
sleep (make to) vc. Doc-,
see: Doc- .
slender adj. cos.
slide vi. O^c_- .
slime (in water, or on stone) n. ..
slingshot n. n:.yc.
slip vi. ;-- c- ;
vi. O^c_- .
slough of snake n. s`-.
slowly advl. `s_;
advl. -o.
smack (lips) vt. c:L_- .
small adj. c:c.
small basket n. ^:. .
small bee-hive n. c.
small copper coin n. ce .
small drum n. n:cc;
n. c0_, see: cC;
n. ;o .
small earthen pot n. e`D .
small louse n. so.
small mouse n. ^..
small piece of cloth n. noc.
small spoon n. ;c.
small stone n. cs.
small tree n. ``cc.
small village n. nc.
smallest adj. =^: n:oc.
smear vt. c- .
smear floor with cow dung solution vt.
e-
2
.
smear (vermilion) vt. De:- .
smell n. ;c;
n. c;
vt. c oo-, see: c.
smoke n. `ò, see: `ò-
1
.
smoke (cigarette) vi, vt. e'- .
smoke (fire) vi. `ò-
1
.
snail n. sòc c:c_o;
n. c:c_o.
snake n. oo.
snake (cast skin) n. s`-.
snake (cobras hood) n. ;c.
snake God n. -n`cC.
snake (kind of) n. se oC (oo);
n. c: -n;
n. -/- oo;
n. .oc (oo);
n. `ò_ (oo);
n. cosòcC (oo);
n. cc:oc (oo);
n. c^C;
n. -o (oo).
snake lizard n. oo cs_, see: cs_.
snap (a rope) vc. <D-, see: <L- ;
vi. <L- .
snap (break) vt. eo- .
snap fingers vi. De_- s- .
snatch away vt. eoc- .
sneeze n. ^n';
vi. oaL_- .
sniff vt. c_- .
sniffle vi. -_ -- s- .
snooze n. `.y.
snore vi. c:c- .
snuff n. <
1
.
soaked (to be) vi. -oc- .
socket of tooth n. co .
(so)ever attr. -co.
soft adj. <oaL.
soft spot (on head) n. eo`.
soil clothes vt. n`c - s- .
soil (dark) n. s- c`c.
soiled (become) vi. n`c - c- .
sole of foot n. c^ o-sC,
see: c^ o- so;
solid spread news
English - Gondi 127
n. oc-sC, see: oc- so.
solid adj. ^c:c.
solve riddle vt. .y'- .
some adjl. cc.
somebody (nm.) pron. cc , see: cc.
somebody (m.) pron. c'o, see: c'.
something advl. coo, see: coC.
something (nm.) pron. cc , see: cc.
sometimes advl. c-_', see: c-_;
advl. c-_-c-_, see: c-_.
somewhere advl. cn ', see: cn .
son n. .cC;
n. co .
song n. è
1
.
son-in-law n. ^c.
sons and daughters n. co -Doc,
see: co .
sons or daughters mother-in-law n.
ò_c.
sons wife n. sòoc.
sore (swollen) n. ccC.
sore (wound) n. .y'.
sorrow n. l.
sort n. O;
n. O.
sound (a) n. cc.
sound (make) vi. -s- .
sound (of drum) n. ^co/.
soup n. -o `_.
sour (bad) adj. ^c , see: ^L- .
sour (to be) vi. ^D-, see: ^L- .
sour (to make) vi. ^L- .
south n. oc -Lc , see: oc ;
n. cC c.
sow (by handful) vt. os- .
sow (scatter) vt. cc- .
sow seed vt. D cc-, see: D .
sow (with seed drill) vt. oc- .
span n. OO .
spare (to) vt. co_- (1).
spared (to be) vi. .- .
spark n. ;
n. D< C.
sparrow n. sè_- .e .
speak vt. Lc_- .
spear n. nò_.
spider n. n`.o.
spill vi. o- .
spill (to) vc. oaL-, see: o- .
spilt (be) vi. oC_- ;
vi. c`c - .
spine n. so.
spinster n. soa' s:Lo.
spirit n. Lc.
spirit (malevolent) n. c ne.
spirit (of death) n. oo.
spit vi. e_- .
spit out vt. ec- .
spittle n. e.
splash vi. D- .
splash (sprinkle) vi. -c_- .
spleen n. sc.
splint n. D`.
splinter n. -oc.
split vc. .o-, see: .o- .
split (to be) vi. .o- .
split up (divide) vt. eò/-cc-,
see: e`.
split (wood) vt. -c_- .
spoil vt. o-s-, see: o.
spoiled (to be) vi. o-c-, see: o.
spoilt (become) vi. ^c- c- .
spoilt (to be) vi. `c - c- .
spoke of wheel (thick) n. co- s:e .
spoke of wheel (thin) n. sc
2
.
sponge gourd n. eè_.
spoon n. cc_.
spoon (ladle) n. ^:s_c.
spoon out (to) vt. cL- .
spot n. e`_.
spot on forehead n. es ;
n. c`c.
spot on skin (mole) n. s:o_o.
spot (swollen) n. ccC.
spouses elder sister n. o .
spouses younger sister n. Oo.
spread (divide) vt. ,s- s- .
spread manure vi. o cc-, see: o.
spread news vt. o .o---,
see: o .o.
spread out (on the ground) stop (wait)
128 English - Gondi
spread out (on the ground) vt. .n- s.
spread out (something flat) vt. c- .
spread out (stretch) vi. ò/- .
spread (to be) vi. .n-c, see: .n - s;
vi. ,s-c-, see: ,s- s- .
spring (of water) n. C.
spring up vi. c:c_- .
sprinkle (food) vt. Dc_- .
sprinkle (liquid) vi. -c_- .
sprout (abundant) vi. Do- .
sprout (germinate) vt. s`c_- .
squeeze (in hands) vt. .^_- .
squeeze out vt. .- .
squeeze (press) vt. cc_- .
squeeze (through) vi. sc- .
squirrel n. co_.
stab vc. sè-, see: s`c- .
stab (accidentally) vt. noc- .
stacked adv. -c`ò`.
stair n. no_.
stalk n. coc;
n. o`C.
stand (stop) vi. c/- .
stand (to) vi. C- .
stand (up) vi. L- .
standing (to be) vt. o- .
standing (to put) vc. c-, see: C- .
star n. ^:s_o.
start vt. enc- s- ;
vt. c/- ;
vt. ^:o- s- .
start a fire vi. c- .
start of rainy season (in June) n. Do/.
stay vi. coc- ;
vi. oc- c- .
steal vt. sC- ;
vt. ce- s- ;
vt. co- s- .
steel n. sD_.
steel (for flint) n. sD_-e:s , see: sD_.
steel tip of plough n. so `.
steel (with flint) n. s_s.
steep downward slope n. ec.
steep upward slope n. cc.
stem n. cs.
stem joining point n. e`c_.
step n. ò o.
step (of ladder) n. .c .
step-mother n. -o_c- cc_C.
steps n. s^_c (-c).
stick (attach) vi. DL e:oc- ;
vi. e:oc- .
stick (bamboo) n. cc .
stick (cane) n. c.
stick (firewood) n. se .
stick (for measuring) n. co cc .
stick (multi-purpose) n. c. -cc ,
see: cc .
stick (noise-making, to frighten animals
away) n. e.y (1);
n. 0s .
stick (short) n. s`c (1).
stick (thick) n. `è.
stick (threshing) n. sè c.
stick twisted in rope n. sc_.
stick (with spike) n. co-c c ,
see: co;
n. oac o-cc , see: cc .
stick (medium) n. cc .
stiff adj. ^c:c.
stilt n. `c
4
.
sting vt. s_- .
stolen adj. sc , see: sC- .
stomach n. .e .
stomach (pregnant) n. ..
stone n. coc.
stone (for grinding) n. o .
stone (for sharpening) n. c-C-coc,
see: c- - .
stone (of fruit) n. e`s (3).
stone of fruit n. eò;
n. .c.
stone (pestle) n. o`csC.
stool n. ^ C.
stoop vi. c:c_- .
stop (cause to) vc. .y- (2),
see: L- .
stop (moving) vt. c.y- .
stop (stand) vi. c/- .
stop (wait) vi. co- .
stopper swing (a)
English - Gondi 129
stopper n. c:c_c.
store area above rafters n. ceo.
stork n. e`C (.e ), see: e`C;
n. D' e`C (.e ).
storm n. c:occ.
story n. c^c.
straight adv. -o.
straight (down) adjl. sô.
strain vt. no-s-, see: no_.
strainer n. no_.
strangle vt. ce - `- .
strap (leather) n. co .
straw n. .o.
stream (small) n. -c_.
stream (large) n. s:cc.
stretch (for something) vi. L- .
stretch (oneself) vt. s` - s- .
stretch (something) vi. ò/- .
strike vt. `- .
strike target vt. ec-s-, see: ec- .
strike with fist vt. s:D_ s- .
string n. ^:O .
string (beads, flowers) vt. s-
2
.
string (of musical instrument) n. co.
stringed instrument (kind of) n. so_c;
n. ss;
n. o .
stringed instrument (part of) n. s`c (2);
n. .
strip (of bamboo) n. .s_.
strip (remove) vt. co- s- .
strip (scrape) vt. s- .
stripe n. nc`.
stroke n. c-_.
stroll vi. c0- .
strong adj. ;c;
adj. ^c:c;
adjl. c_o.
strongly advl. ò .
stubble n. s:e .
stuck (be) vi. e:oc- .
stumble vi. s`c - `- .
such a adjl. ecC.
suck vt. eo- ;
vt. c:L_- ;
vt. oao- .
suddenly advl. n_.
suffice vi. .yo- c- .
sufficient adjl. .yo .
sufficient (enough) adj. co.
sufficient (it is) adjl. coo, see: c- .
sugar n. `s:.
sugar (brown) n. c0.
sugar cane n. e coc, see: e.
suitable (be) vi. `c- c- .
summer n. e-_c;
n. csco;
summon vt. so- .
sun n. ``c .
sun rise (time of) n. co_' ``c .
Sunday n. co c.
sunlight n. oc .
sunrise n. ``c -.--C, see: ``c .
supper n. -o0.
supplies n. coc.
surname n. `c
2
.
surprised (be) vi. s:c:_ -- c- .
surrounding adv. -c:o/ ss, see: ss;
adv-ppn. -o_c.
survive (to) vi. cs- ;
vi. .- .
swallow vt. Do/- .
swaying while dancing n. oc_.
sweat n. es .
sweat (to) vi. es -c-, see: es .
sweep vt. -o- .
sweet adj. n`c.
sweet (kind of) n. cc ;
n. .yoa' ò;
n. o< .
sweet (taste) vi. D<o/- .
swell vi. cò- .
swim (animals) vi. ``c - c- .
swim (humans) vi. <c- .
swing vi. oc- c- ;
vi. c'c -c-, see: c'D- s- ;
vt. eo/- ;
vt. c'D- s- .
swing (a) n. esc.
swing cradle then
130 English - Gondi
swing cradle vt. e- .
swollen area n. ``s _.
swoon vi. cs_- c- .
sword n. sD_;
n. Do;
n. oc_.
sword (part of) n. sc .

T

table n. ecC;
n. coD;
n. c.
tablet n. n`0.
tablet (kind of) n. =on:L.
tail n. c`s`.
tail (of bird) n. c:c .
tailor n. -..
take vt. oo- .
take (and go) vt. c- .
take away vt. co- ``' - .
take care of vt. os- s- .
take fright vi. co - .-, see: co.
take oath vi. cc-.-, see: cc.
take off clothing vc. s:c- .
take on shoulder vt. oo- .
take out vt. coc- .
take out (everything) vt. oso-s-,
see: oso.
take place vt. ec- .
take pleasure vi. coc-.-, see: coc.
take root vi. -oc- .
take this vt. =c .
take to lap vt. oo- .
take with vt. co- ``' - .
tale n. c^c .
talk vt. Lc_- .
talkative adj. cò eC.
tall adj. cC.
tallest adj. e`C.
tamarind seed n. D`s.
tamarind tree n. -o (co ).
tambourine-shaped drum n. cL.
tanner n. cc .
taste n. ^c_c.
taste sweet vi. D<o/- .
tasteless adj. c. .
tattoo n. -on.
tattoo (pierce) vt. s`L_-
2
(2).
tea n. o.
teach vc. so-, see: so- .
teacher n. c^ oC.
teak tree n. cs (co ).
tear vt. ô-s-, see: ^- .
tear (to) vc. ô-, see: ^- .
teardrop n. scC.
tease vt. c- s- ;
vt. coa- .
tell vt. cL- .
tell a lie vi. ccc Lc_-, see: ccc.
temple n. n:c;
n. ceo.
ten num. co.
tender adj. s`c sc;
adj. .o_ (2).
tender leaf n. `c.
term of abuse for women or animals n.
ooc (2).
testes n. ooco/.
testicles n. ooco/.
than clitic. -c (1).
that pron. s.
that day n. coeo o`.
that (m., dist.) pron. c.
that many (m.) pron. cD_.
that many/much (nm.) pron. c`_.
that (nm.) pron. cc.
the one the other pron. c' . . . c' . . .,
see: c'.
their own pron. oc_.
their (prox.) pron. Do, see: D.
their (dist.) pron. eo, see: e.
themselves pron. o_- o_s.
then adv. c-_.
then (after) time (occurrence)
English - Gondi 131
then (after) advl. co (2).
there adv-ppn. cn .
there (from) advl. ooc, see: os_.
there (to) n. os_.
therefore attr. =o;
corr. cc' c-, see: cc;
corr. =c' c- , see: =c.
these (nm., prox.) pron. =L.
these (m.) pron. =D_, see: =L;
pron. D.
they (m., prox.) pron. D.
they (m., dist.) pron. e.
they (nm., dist.) pron. cL.
thick (fat) adj. e`^.
thick (flat things) adj. cC;
adj. oc.
thick (of forest) adj. o:< .
thief n. sc , see: sC- .
thieve vt. ce- s- .
thigh n. coc;
n. oòc.
thin (flat things) adj. .c` .
thin (in radius) adj. cos.
thin (lean) adj. ^.y.
thin (liquid) adj. ò.
think vi. oc- ;
vi. `ò- s- .
think over vi. ``-- s- .
think poorly of n. sL.
thinking n. ``` (1).
third adj. O`` .
thirsty (be) vi. Lc_- .
thirteen num. c:c .
this (m., prox.) pron. c.
this many (m.) pron. =D_.
this many/much (nm.) pron. =`_.
this (n) pron. =c.
this year adv. =ooc.
thistle n. sò .
thither n. os_.
thorn n. `L.
thorn bush n. s`c `L.
thorn(s) n. L_- .
those (nm.) pron. cL.
those (m.) pron. e.
thought n. c:s_ coc, see: coc;
n. cs_o.
thread n. <C.
thread a needle vt. sc- .
thread on a screw n. soc_.
threaten vc. co-, see: co- .
three days from now adv. .o_.
three (nm.) num. coc.
three times adv. coc `so/, see: `s.
three (m.) pron. c:D_, see: coc.
thresh (lightly) vt. oc- s- .
thresh (with bullocks) vt. D- .
threshing floor n. c.
threshing stick n. sè c.
threshold n. ce.
throat n. le.
throw vt. ,s- s- ;
vt. ^:o- .
throw (scatter) vt. cc- .
thrust vt. c:_- .
thumb n. .o_ cè , see: .o_.
thumb imprint n. cL_-
2
.
thunder vi. no - c- .
thunderbolt n. O- O.
Thursday n. c^ c.
thus (that way) advl. co';
advl. co'.
thus (this way) advl. =c'.
tick (black, small) n. ncc.
tick (white, large) n. eco.
tickle n. n:C n:C;
vt. sO -s-, see: sO ;
vt. n:C n:C-s-, see: n:C n:C.
tidy (to) vt. coc- s- .
tie down vt. cD - s-
2
.
tie (to) vt. cL- .
tie together v. co.
tiger n. c_C;
n. c:cC;
n. c:o_C.
tiger (young) n. Occ.
tight adj. O.
tile n. .c_.
time (instance) n. Ls:o (Ls ).
time (occurrence) n. `s.
time (of day) tree (kind of)
132 English - Gondi
time (of day) n. ;e_.
time of sun rise n. co_' ``c .
time (turn to play) n. cL.
time (years earlier) n. c-.
tin (for cooking oil) n. .`.
tingling n. -oao.
tip (of plough) n. so `.
tip over vi. c:c- .
tired (to be) vi. cD- ;
vi. se c- c- ;
vi. oe - c- .
to be vi. coc- .
to be (by nature) vi. c- .
to climb up vt. c - .
to cover a house vt. c- .
to stay gerund. c-_c, see: coc- .
to there n. os_.
toad (small, brown) n. <-.-_, see: <
2
.
tobacco n. oc:_s- cs.
to.belch vi. co_-s-, see: co_.
to.chew.cud vi. oò_- `- .
today adv. -oc.
toddy-tapper n. scc, see: sC.
toenail n. Oco.
toilet (to go) vi. co '- `ò- .
tomato n. cc.
tomb n. D.
tomorrow adv. -c.
tone n. co/.
tongs n. Dc .
tongue n. co.
tonsils vi. c`c o/-c-, see: c`c .
too many adjl. ` .
too much adjl. ` .
tool (agricultural) n. cc .
tool (for carving) n. co_.
tool (for carving, large) n. c' co_,
see: co_.
tool (for carving, small) n. so co_,
see: co_.
tool (for gathering soil) n. ò.
tooth n. .C
1
.
topple over vi. sc- .
torn adj. ô , see: ^- .
torn (to be) vi. ^- .
tornado n. ce_C.
tortoise n. s``;
n. c`c;
n. D-cC.
touch vt. =c- .
towel n. oacC.
town n. <n.
toy n. c`c_.
track n. .o_c.
train up vt. ``-- s- .
trample vt. - ;
vt. cL_- .
transfer liquid vt. c`- .
transplant vt. Do- .
transplanting n. e_ cC.
trap (bird, small animals) n. `^.
trap (fish) n. c:c_;
n. `c
1
.
trap (net) n. cn:c.
trap (rodent) n. c`_.
trap (small animals) n. cocc.
trash n. s - sc;
n. c:oas.
tread down vt. cL_- .
tread on vt. - .
tree n. co .
tree (kind of) n. c0 (co );
n. = (co );
n. e-o_ (co );
n. so (co );
n. sc (co );
n. sD 0o (co );
n. s:cc (co );
n. so (co ), see: so;
n. s` (co );
n. sò_ (co );
n. n:o (co );
n. n`c 0o (co ), see: n`c;
n. ;-_ (co );
n. Dce (co );
n. L (co );
n. eo_ (co );
n. cco (co );
n. cc (co );
n. oac_ (co );
tree stump twist
English - Gondi 133
n. oaD (co );
n. oa0_ (co );
n. cs (co );
n. cò (co );
n. cc (co );
n. cc (co );
n. -oC (co ), see: -oC;
n. -0 (co );
n. `s (co );
n. `coc (co );
n. .o (co );
n. ``.o (co );
n. `ò_ (co );
n. ``c` (co );
n. cc (co );
n. cc (co );
n. O o (co );
n. Oco (co );
n. co0 (co );
n. con (co );
n. co_ (co );
n. c (co );
n. co_ (co );
n. D-c (co );
n. c: (co );
n. c:c (co );
n. o`D (co );
n. 0oc (co );
n. 0o (co );
n. coc (co );
n. coc_ (co );
n. Lc (co );
n. Dc (co );
n. cc (co );
n. cc_ (co );
n. c0_ (co );
n. ôc (co );
n. ^`è (co );
n. `c (co );
n. `Lo (co );
n. -o.c (co );
n. -o0 (co );
n. -o (co );
n. -oc (co );
n. ^:o 0oc (co );
n. ô (co );
n. -o0 (co );
n. -o_ (co );
n. coas (co );
n. co`c (co );
n. co 0 (co ).
tree stump n. s:e .
tree trunk n. c.
trees (collection of) n. n:c .
trench n. -0 .
trigger of gun n. `c
2
.
trouble maker n. nc_
1
.
troubled (to be) vi. .yL-
1
.
trough n. cc.
true adj. oC.
trunk (of body) n. coc_.
trunk (of tree) n. c.
trustworthy adj. co`^.
trustworthy (man) n. co`^c`,
see: co`^.
truth (in question) n. soc- s- soC.
try vt. s`-- s- .
tuck in vt. `-- s- (2).
Tuesday n. con c.
tuft n. e (2).
tumbler n. c0.
tune n. è
1
.
turban n. .e_;
n. `nè;
n. oacC.
turmeric n. sc_.
turn vi. Oo- .
turn (cause to) vc. Oo, see: Oo- .
turn over vi. Dc:o/- ;
vi. Dc-, see: Dc:o/- .
tusk n. .C
1
.
twenty num. oc.
twig n. soO.
twin (boy) n. ocC.
twin (boys) n. oc0, see: ocC.
twin (girl) n. oc, see: ocC.
twin (girls) n. ocs, see: ocC.
twins (boy and girl) n. ocC-oc,
see: ocC.
twist vt. ce- `- ;
twist someones arm or skin very tired (become)
134 English - Gondi
vt. -c- .
twist someones arm or skin vt.
c:oa c- s- (2).
two headed snake n. cc:oc (oo).
two (nm.) num. ooc.
two (m.) pron. =D_, see: =L.

U

udder n. cc.
umbrella n. Ô.
uncle n. ccC.
uncontrollable (of animals) adj. - c_C.
uncover vt. cc- - - .
uncovered head n. c:cC.
under adv-ppn. cc.
underground water n. C.
undershirt n. o```c c', see: o```.
understood (to be) vi. so- c- ;
vi. ^c - c- .
unless ppnl. c:c:_s.
unnecessary adj. Le o.
unripe adj. s`c sc;
adj. DcC.
unripe fruit n. so.
until clitic. co ;
ppnl. oL_C.
up to clitic. co ;
ppnl. oL_C.
upbringing n. .c.
upon adv-ppn. `ò` .
upper arm bracelet n. coc-c,
see: coc.
uproot (many things) vt. s-s-c-,
see: c- .
uproot (with force) vt. s-_-c-,
see: c- .
uproot (generic) vt. c- .
urad dhal (kind of lentil) n. .ycC.
urinate vt. ec_- .
urine n. eC.
urine (of cow) n. `C n`D .
use n. e``_/;
n. ò c.
used for (to be) vt. so c-, see: so;
vt. so --, see: so;
vt. so c-, see: so.
useful adj. sc_, see: so.
useful (to be) vi. ò cc c-,
see: ò c.
uvula n. `.
1
.

V

vagabond n. conC, see: co/.
vagina n. .yc.
vain (to be in) vi. cc_- c- .
valley n. sò
1
;
n. c'c .
vegetable (kind of) n. eòc;
n. eè_.
vegetable plot n. cc.
vegetables n. `.o/- Do_o/.
vein n. -o.
verandah n. ce;
n. c-;
n. ^..
vermilion and pink powder n. s:s_
n:c_C, see: s:s_.
vermilion powder n. s:s_.
vertical pole n. c:ocC.
very adjl. ;
adjl. co (c);
advl. cc .
very cold adj. s_c.
very tired (become) vi. os_- c- .
vessel (bowl-shaped, metal) webbing for bed
English - Gondi 135
vessel (bowl-shaped, metal) n. ee.
vessel (earthen) n. c:c .
vessel (earthen, large) n. `ò.
vessel (kind of, bronze) n. oo.
vessel (large, metal, for water) n. Ooc.
vessel (metal, for water) n. ncc.
vest n. o```c c', see: o```.
village n. -.
village priest n. cco.
village to village (from) advl. ---e (-
-e'), see: -.
villager (nm.) n. -e_, see: -.
villager (m.) n. -e`_, see: -.
voice n. co/.
voice disappointment n. c:s- c:s- c- .
vomit vi. ss- .
vulture n. cso;
n. ooC.

W

waist n. <c.
waist belt n. <c-.e , see: <c.
wait vi. co- .
wait for vt. ô-^c-, see: ô.
wait (guard) vt. sL- .
wakefulness n. L.
waken vt. `c'- s- .
walk vi. cs- .
wall n. no;
n. cco.
wall (cement) n. n`c.
wander vi. c0- .
wanderer n. conC, see: co/.
want of money n. sD_.
want (to) vi. L- .
wares (cultivated) n. cC.
warm adj. s^ , see: s- .
warm oneself vi. -s- c- .
warn (to) vt. co-s-, see: co.
wash vi, vt. o-oao/-, see: o;
vt. -- .
wash away vi. ``- .
washerman n. Lo C.
washerwoman n. Lo , see: Lo C.
waste n. s - sc;
n. c:oas.
watch n. ;c.
watch over vt. os- s- .
watching (crops) n. n .
watchman n. s`c C.
watchmans wife n. s`c , see: s`c C.
water n. o.
water (clean) n. OsC o.
water for cooking vc. ce_C o,
see: cc- .
water mixed with chaff n. coJ' (1).
water pot (for heating) n. òo.
water snail n. sòc c:c_o.
water (stream) n. C.
watermelon n. so_;
n. so_.
water-snake n. `ò_ (oo).
watery adj. ò.
way n. oO.
we (excl.) pron. coc.
we (incl.) pron. c.
weak (become) vi. on` .
weak (dilute) adj. ò.
wealth n. c'.
wear vt. s- ;
vt. `òc- .
wear out vi. c - ;
vi. D- .
wear well vi. o/- .
wearied (be) vi. es_- c- .
weave vt. ô- .
weaver caste n. sò (s`0)
2
.
weaver (m.) n. `cccC.
weaver (f.) n. `ccc , see: `cccC.
web (spider) n. c (2).
webbing for bed n. <:c_.
wedding gift from grooms family winnow
136 English - Gondi
wedding gift from grooms family n.
òo/- c`c o/.
wedding party n. ò_s.
wedding platform n. c`L c.
Wednesday n. c:c_.
weed n. oòc;
vt. s:o-s-, see: s:o.
weep vi. cc- .
weevil n. <-.
weigh vt. `s- s- .
weighing stone n. `-.
well adv. `c;
advl, adjl. `s`c.
well (to be) vi. ^:c- c- .
well (water) n. s:c.
west n. ;ooo/.
wet adj. s-_';
adj. .o_ (1);
vt. .yL-
2
.
wet (become) vi. -oc- ;
vi. .y- .
wet (soil) adj. .c_
2
.
what? pron. co;
pron. coC.
what? (n.pl) pron. cL.
whatever pron. co o/- .yO o/.
wheat (pl.) n. n`L_.
wheel n. no.
wheel rim n. cc.
when adv. coe.
when? adv. c-_.
whenever adv. sc .
where? adv. cn ;
adv. coc, see: cs.
where? whither? adv. cs .
whether pron. s.
which colour? pron. cco/ (cc oo/),
see: cc.
which? (m.pl.) pron. c.
which? (nm.) pron. cc.
which? (n.pl) pron. cL.
which? (m.) pron. c'.
whip n. c.
whirlpool n. c`D .
whirlwind n. ce_C.
whisker n. D-C.
whisper vi. s:- s:- Lc_- .
whistle n. --.
white adj. cc C.
white ant n. ec.
who? (m.pl.) pron. c.
who? (nm.) pron. cc.
who? (n.pl) pron. cL.
who? (m.) pron. c'.
whole adjl. .yo`;
post. oc'.
whose? (nm.) pron. cc<.
whose? (m.) pron. c'<.
why? advl. co .
wick n. cO.
widow n. ooc (1).
wife and husband n. cc cc_.
wife of cobbler n. coco , see: cocoC.
wife (sg.) n. co_;
n. co .
wife (pl.) n. cos, see: co_.
wifes elder sister n. oòc.
wifes mother n. `òc.
wifes sisters husband n. ^n C.
wifes younger brother n. -_ c: s`s`,
see: s`s`;
n. -_ c:.
wifes younger sister n. -_ cc,
see: -_ c:.
wild adj. - c_C.
wild boar n. sòC.
wild buffalo n. c- co_.
wild horse n. s`ccL.
wild man adj. cccc_C.
wild pigeon n. ``<c.
wild plum n. o.
wild sheep n. cc_.
wilderness n. .cc.
win vt. co- .
wind n. Lc.
wind instrument (kind of) n. c'on.
winding mechanism on well n. no_.
winemaker n. scc, see: sC.
wing n. coC.
winnow vt. oc-, see: oc- .
winnowing basket yoke (part of)
English - Gondi 137
winnowing basket n. -O.
winnowing basket (small) n. ^. .
winter n. .-nc:o, see: ..
wipe away vt. e^:L- .
wire n. c (1).
wire (fencing) n. ._o/ c, see: c.
wisdom n. cs_C.
witch-doctor n. ``c.
with ppnl. -c`c.
with force advl. ò .
with great pleasure advl. c<oc_- c<oc.
with much noise advl. c- nc.
with that adv. c..
with this adv. e..
with which? pron. c..
wither vi. oc- c- .
without ppnl. c:c:_s.
wives n. cos, see: co_.
wolf n. n:` C;
n. ocoC.
woman n. co ;
n. ccc.
woman and man n. co -co <C,
see: co .
woman of Harijan caste n. coc_,
see: coc_C.
woman (old) n. coo, see: coC.
woman who tends cattle n. co_,
see: co_C.
womans underskirt n. nn .
womb n. ..
wonderful adj. `c.
wood chips n. s_o/.
wood from fire n. D^_c.
wood plane (tool) n. s s`c.
wooden beam (cross) n. c:cC.
wooden beam (main) n. cc .
wooden peg used for snares n. ec.
wooden pestle n. o`sC.
wooden tub n. coJ' (2).
wood-pecker n. e`s_ cc (.e ).
woodwind instrument n. ...
woodworm n. se <-.
wool (from tree) n. cc.
word n. n`c .
work n. so;
n. so-coc, see: so;
n. coc;
n. cO.
work hard vi. c:s- cD- s- .
worker (m.) n. co cC.
worker (f.) n. co c, see: co cC.
worm n. .yc.
worm (glow) n. co- .yc.
worry n. l.
worship (act of) n. .y.
worship (to) vi. sC_-s-, see: sC.
worthless (person) n. cocC,
see: coc:/.
wound (infected) n. .y'.
wrap vt. n:oc- s- .
wrapped (to be) vi. n:oc-c-,
see: n:oc- s- .
wreath n. cocc.
wring (clothes) vt. .- .
wring neck of animal vt. c:oa c- s- (1).
write vt. cc- s- .

Y

yam n. -`_.
yard n. cc.
yawn (a) n. Lo_s.
yawn (to) vi. Lo_s---, see: Lo_s.
year n. `C.
year before last adj. .ooc.
yearly advl. `0.
yellow adj. s<_ooC, see: sc_;
adj. c'cC.
yes int. o (c , o').
yesterday adj. -_.
yesterdays water n. -c o.
yoke (for oxen) n. c_.
yoke (part of) n. -cc.
you 37
138 English - Gondi
you pron. Doc.
you (s.) pron. c_.
you (pl.) pron. c_c, see: c_.
young adj. s`c sc.
young fowl n. s`-`ò, see: s`.
young girls n. -cc-Doc, see: -cc.
young (goat or sheep, m.) n. c'sc .c .
young hen (with chicks) n. oc s`.
young hen (without chicks) n. s`-`ò,
see: s`.
young man n. co.
young of animal n. .c .
young (of animal) n. `ò.
young of buffalo (f.) n. c:c .
young of goat or sheep (f.) n. èo
`ò.
young tiger n. Occ.
young tree n. `ò_.
young woman n. co, see: co.
younger brother n. s`s`;
n. oc:_.
younger brothers wife n. oc:_'-
sòoc, see: oc:_;
n. -o_c.
younger sister n. -cc.
younger sisters husband n. ^c.
youngest brother n. -L c`, see: -L .
youngest sister n. -L o, see: -L .
your (sg.) pron. L.
your (pl.) pron. DL.

Z

zero num. ^:<_.
zigzag adj. sco/- n`co/.

Numbers

00 num. ^:<_.
01 num. eoc.
02 num. ooc.
03 num. coc.
04 num. -c:o/.
05 num. -o:o/.
06 num. òao/.
07 num. oco/.
08 num. cc.
09 num. -L.
10 num. co.
11 num. cs .
12 num. co.
13 num. co.
14 num. `L c.
15 num. .oc .
16 num. ``c.
17 num. ^c .
18 num. ce .
19 num. Js_.
20 num. D`.
21 num. Js_ D.
22 num. cD.
23 num. cD.
24 num. `D_.
25 num. .oD.
26 num. ^D_.
27 num. ^c D.
28 num. ce D.
29 num. Js_' O.
30 num. O.
31 num. JO .
32 num. cO .
33 num. cL O.
34 num. `L O.
35 num. . O.
36 num. L O.
37 num. ^cO.
38 1000
English - Gondi 139
38 num. cc O.
39 num. Js_' 0.
40 num. 0.
41 num. Js c.
42 num. cc.
43 num. Oo0.
44 num. o0.
45 num. .o 0.
46 num. 0.
47 num. ^c 0.
48 num. ce 0.
49 num. Js_' .-_.
50 num. .-_.
51 num. Js_c'.
52 num. cL'.
53 num. Ooa`'.
54 num. oa`'.
55 num. .oL'.
56 num. .'.
57 num. ^c c'.
58 num. ce L'.
59 num. Js_' `c.
60 num. `c.
61 num. Js `c.
62 num. c`c.
63 num. Ooa`c.
64 num. òa `c.
65 num. .o `c.
66 num. `c.
67 num. ^c `c.
68 num. ce ò.
69 num. Js_' ô .
70 num. ô .
71 num. Js_o .
72 num. c_oo .
73 num. Oo oo .
74 num. òoo .
75 num. .o oo .
76 num. oo .
77 num. ^c oo .
78 num. ce oo.
79 num. Js_' c_.
80 num. c- .
81 num. Js_ c_.
82 num. c__.
83 num. co_.
84 num. òo_.
85 num. .o c_.
86 num. c_.
87 num. ^c__.
88 num. ce__.
89 num. Js_' -L_c.
90 num. -L_c.
91 num. Js_ -L.
92 num. c_-L.
93 num. c-L.
94 num. ò -L.
95 num. .o-L.
96 num. -L.
97 num. ^c_-L.
98 num. ce_-L.
99 num. -c_-L.
100 num. <.
1000 num. o.

conc cc -o c: ( e: )
Telugu - Gondi 141

c

conc n. oe:o.
con n. con .
coe ppt. =c s .
coe: n. .ô.
coc pron. c`_.
coco n. ``c.
cocon adj. ``cc, see: ``c.
coccc: vt. coc- .
cocc: adj. c- .
cocc< adj. c`_C;
adj. `sè_, see: `s`c.
coco soe D<_cc: adj. =^: n:oc.
cocoa pron. ^D , see: ^D .
coc n. ò`C.
coc0 n. L.
cs-_oan advl. n _.
cs_ n. os_;
n. co.
cs_ s`c:s: n. ^c-co, see: ^c.
cs_c adv-ppn. cn ;
n. os_.
cs_c<:oc n. cneC.
cs_ccoa n. ooc.
cs_os:o adj. Le o.
cs_c: n. cos, see: co_.
coc: n. csc;
n. nc`.
cn n. s;
n. oc_.
cn .e n. s-cO_, see: s.
ce:s: n. ceo.
ce:s:c: n. oJco/.
ce:Loec adj. ccC.
ccc:n adv. cc o.
ccD n. c.
ccD co n. c- co_.
cc:s:_-cc: n. O_nocC.
cc:n:e vt. oC_- .
co pron. c<.
co<: pron. c.
cOao_ n. `.
1
.
co c_ n. cO;
n. `òc.
ccc o n. os .
cc c: n. co_.
c<oco adj. s:-.
c<:c<o n. c-_'.
c<:c:c: n. e.
c-s osc: O-O_ -, see: O.
c<_ n. ccC.
c<_o s0. se n. ^:s_c.
c<_c: n. ne`.
c_ pron. ^D .
c<:_ vt. ='- .
c._ n. so ;
n. cc;
n. cs.
c._c: adv. c-_.
ccc c: n. ccc.
cc_ int. cc_.
cc_c_ n. ss`.
cc_ n. cL_C
1
.
cc_co vt. cL- .
co_ int. co_.
cos n. -.
coe n. so.
coe (e: ) n. so (co ), see: so.
co c: n. c .
co oO n. cc cc- oc_.
cco nc n. cco.
ccce: n. cccc.
ccoec adjl. cc' c.
c0- ``Lcc: vi. oe - c- .
cc'Doc:e n. ``` (1);
vi. `ò- s- .
cc -oc: (e: ) n. coc (co ).
cc o =<:. . <o
142 Telugu - Gondi
cc o n. c'0 .
cc o o:e vi. c'0 -s-, see: c'0 .
cc: c: n. ^c.
cLôc< adjl. .
cD pron. cL.
cL_oc cL .

c

coc n. coc .
cs0 n. so.
csc: n. oc.
cs: n. cs;
n. `c.
cs:.c_ adj. DcC.
cnoc vi. c/- .
cn: vi. co- .
coa_c: n. c^ oC.
ce n. s - ;
n. sC.
cc cc n. .c .
ccc adjl. eè ;
n. co .
cc:e vi, vt. s_- .
coac: n. -eo/.
cccoc: n. co c.
c-c cc .c n. ``ê `ò, see: ``ê
`òC.
c-c .c cc: n. ``ê `òC.
c.cc: vt. c.y- .
c,^: n. sc:_o.
ccc pron. c<.
co:co n. coc.
co`òoc vi. .- .
coa num. òao/.
coan:oa num. ò_, see: òao/.
coaLc num. ^D_.
cc^_o n. sòo.
cc: nc n. cc.
cc: D. n. -..
cc:n: (.) n. s:c_ (D').
cc_o n. cc_o.
cL0oc: n. Lo_s.
cLc: n. co.
cLy n. co.
cLy coc: n. `C n`D .
cLyc: n. .oo/-sC_, see: .o_.
c`co (c) n. csc (-cc-), see:
csc .
cooc: n. ne`.

=

=os advl. co (1).
=on:L n. =on:L.
=oe.oa n. `c
2
.
=oo pron. =`_.
=occ<:^:_ n. sc- .e .
=s_c adv. =n .
=s_c <:oc n. =n eC, see: =n .
=e: adv. cs_.
=e:s n. =e_.
=e:<:oc advl. cocC (cocs), see:
coc.
=e:Loec adjl. ecC.
=oc: pron. c.
=o pron. c<.
=o c adj. .oa c.
=o cc` -< c.c:c ^coc: n.
c_o.
=c pron. =c.
=<:. .<o n. sD_- cD.
=<:c: ecs`c:_
Telugu - Gondi 143
=<:c: n. sD_.
=. (e: ) n. = (co );
n. coas (co ).
=. .yc: n. =oas, see: coas (co ).
=..yLy_ n. c:c_o (1).
=._c: adv. =.
=._c adv. =os.
=oaLc num. oc.
=oac num. D`.
=oa_ n. c^:_c.
=coec adjl. =c' c.
=c: n. o`'.
=c: c:e: ^ cc: n. cc .
=D pron. =L.
=c_c adv. -oc.
=Ly_ vt. -- .
=^: e vt. -- .
=^: oo n. o .

e

e ôLo_oc: adv. =ooc.
es n. co.
en n. D-.
eo vi. <c- .
eo (e: ) n. -oc (co ).
ecc pron. c-.

e

eonoc: n. c:c .
eoc: vt. =- .
eoc: v. c<:_.
ec_ n. eC.
ee n. -s_.
ecsoc vc. co-, see: c- .
ec:s:e vi. c- .
ec:o n. co_.
eoas: vt. ^:s- .
ec o n. ec.
ec_Lo n. -_.
ec_nc: n. -L_o.
e<_c vi. coo.
e.ono n. e``_/.
eòc: n. ce - ;
n. cs_o.
e._ n. ``c.
ec_cc: n. ``s_;
vi. cò- .
eD_ n. e.
eo_c n. esc.
eoa_e vi. Do- .
e0 nc n. e0 .
ec c< adj. s^ , see: s- .
e-o (e: ) n. -0 (co ).
e^:c: n. e^:C.

e

ecs`c:_ n. oao .

Joc c:n:oa
144 Telugu - Gondi
J

Joc n. oc .
Jocsco n. e-_c;
n. csco;
Joc``Lcc: vi. ce- c- .
Jocso n. s .
Joo pron. c`_.
Jocoa pron. cD_.
Joc:s: advl. co .
Js_c adv. cn .
Js_co vt. L- .
Js_c- advl. cn ', see: cn .
Js_v:_ vi. os - s- .
Js:_L adjl. ` ;
advl. cc .
Jnooc vi. .o- .
Jcc adjl. cc_.
Joa adj. e`C;
adj. cC.
Jc: n. sòc.
Jc: ccoc n. s^.
JDc num. c';
num. cc.
J<:cc num. c_.
J' c num. c- .
J_ pron. c`_o/;
pron. c .
J._c: adv. coe;
adv. c-_.
J._c- adv. sc .
Joa.y adj. on C.
JoaLy n. n`Ly.
Jo e cc: n. .oc D`_, see: D`_.
Jo e . n: n. .oc ``c, see: ``c.
Jc:oc adv. c-_;
n. c' .o_.
Jc:s n. o0 .
Jc:n:coe n. oc .
Jc co vi, vt. .-- .
Jc ò n. c^'.
JLoc pron. c'<.
JLoa pron. c;
pron. c'.
JLo` esoa pron. cc , see: cc;
pron. c'o, see: c'.

L

Lc: num. oco/.
Lc:_e vi. cc- .
Lc:.oc n. ^:o - .c.
Lc ese advl. coo, see: coC.
L<:n: n. o.
LD cc: advl. coo--c , see: coC.
LDe pron. coC.

c: num. -o:o/.
c:n:oa pron. -o D, see: - o:o/.

eoe sc_o
Telugu - Gondi 145
e

eoe n. eec.
ese num. eoc.
es_ c Dc ese adv. -c`ò`.
es_ ò adv. eoc `s.
es_o<: advl. coò, see: co`<o.
es_o- advl. co`<o.
ec-c n. n:.yc.
ec: n. co .
e._s`Lco vt. sc - c- .

L

Lsoc: eoc.

l

le: n. .es.
l`c'c: n. ``-oC.

s

sos n. s:o .
sos n. -'.
soecc n. D. .
soocc n. n:c:.
sooc: n. co/.
sococ: n. .-_
1
.
soc:c: n. ooo/.
se: v. co.
se: s`Lcc: vt. `òc- .
se c.y vt. c - cc- .
se n. se ;
n. so ;
n. c.
scoo n. co .
sc:n:e vt. -- .
sc:.y n. .e .
sOooc:e vt. sO- s- .
sO n. s;
n. Do;
n. o-.
sc o n. sc o.
s n. c^c.
s_v: n. scC.
s<:_ n. sc.
s<:_ nc n. n.
s<:_ c`c_ n. sc-sòc, see: sc.
s<:_ o. n. Doc.
s. n. .-_.
s._e vt. c:- ;
vt. c- .
sc:oa n. o .o.
sD_ n. c.
sc: c (.e ) n. ss (.e ).
sc_o n. O.
sos_o s`c. c
146 Telugu - Gondi
sos_o n. co`c (co ).
soa_c: n. so_.
so c: n. sD_.
so_ n. so_.
so_soc soa'.
sc vi. so_- .
scc: n. `òe'.
sc:.y n. oòc.
sc:^:e vi. ce- c- .
sccc: vt. D- - s- .
sc o adj. se';
n. os .
sso so n. soc.
sso_ n. ssC.
ss n. ssc.
se:s n. sc.
so n. so.
soco vi. `c- .
so c: n. ocs.
so so n. so (- cc-).
so_c: n. so_o.
so_coc: n. sc:_o.
sc: cc_ n. co.
sv:_ n. sC.
sL0cc: n. s`c C.
sc:oo n. Do_C.
sc: c`s_ n. nòe c`s_.
s:os:c n. s:s_.
s:oe n. se, see: sc- .
s:oecc: adj. con C.
s:oc n. s:o_;
n. c:c .
s:occ: n. s``.
s:occ: n. c' C.
s:s_ n. -o.
s:e: vt. s`c- .
s:c adjl. O-_.
s:cOc` adj. O-_ so c, see: O-_.
s:c:s n. `c.
s:oooo n. c`_.
s:. n. s:..
s:coac: n. soc;
n. co .
s:coac: n. . s;
n. .s-cs, see: .s.
s:c_occ: n. s:c_C.
s:oac adj. coc.
s:o_ n. s:o_.
s:o n. s:o.
s:cc: n. O.
s:cc: .oa adj. cò eC.
s:0cc: n. co cC.
sc attr. c;
attr. O.
soaoa n. .c, see: .cC;
n. Doc.
so n. s:-.
sonoc: n. `.o/- Do_o/.
so`_ vt. ec- .
s0`ò< vi. o._- c- .
s0 n. cO.
sc aos n. s:_.
sòn n. D' e`C (.e ).
sòn: n. -e - -L.
sòo <c:.< adj. c` C (2).
sòc n. n:e .
sòc-c:s n. ^: `..
sòo advl. =c:_s.
s`c_n adj. ^:o_C.
sè c: n. sè_.
sè: vt. `- .
s`cDc:L n. c^C.
s`cL0 n. -ec.
s`c:s: n. .cC.
sÒ_o n. ^c_.
s`cn, s`cn adv. o- o .
s`c_o (e: ) n. -oC (co ), see: -oC.
s`c_oso n. -oC.
s`c_ n. soO;
n. oc.
s`c:_c: n. sòC;
n. s`.
sò_ n. s:e .
sòs: conj. -sc_;
ppnl. c-;
ppnl. è.
s`cD (O .oa) n. .yo.
s`sc n. .oc (.e ).
sè n. es.
s`c.c n. `ò.
s`c n:c_c so
Telugu - Gondi 147
s`c n. s`.
s`c.c n. s`-`ò, see: s`.
s`c.yo n. n`n .
sÒ n. s`c.
s`< n. s`c .
s`.onc adj. - c_C.
s`..ccc: vi. ``c'-c-, see: ``.
s`.c: n. ``.
s`ce`c: n. s`D .
sò_co vt. sò- .
s`v_nc: n. s`- nc.
sn0oc:e vt. D._- s- .
s oc adv-ppn. cc.
s` o adj. .y-.

oc: n. so.
o oc: ;
n. ec_e.

n

nonvc: n. non.
no n. no.
noe n. sè;
n. Do_;
n. -o_.
no. n. e`. .
n n Lcsoc: vi. oooo- c- .
na n. so;
n. n`sc.
n n. nn .
ne n adj. ^c:c;
adjl. c_o.
ncooc: n. ;c.
nc (c:o.) n. ce.
nc ò n. ^c_C.
nc c: n. cc.
nc n. c.
no ôLo_oc: adj. o.
nc n. s`c;
n. s`-;
n. `0;
n. Oc;
n. oo .
nc, 0 .co n. sèc (1).
nc_cnc: n. cc_.
nO_cc: n. s:^_Dc.
nc:_n adj. c.
no_c: n. ..
nc_ ocs n. ``.
n n. n .
ncc n. nc.
noc: n. no_.
n0 n. Lc.
n0 .eo n. .oo/.
n0 c< n. c:occ.
no n. c<;
n. .c.
nc:_e vt. s_- .
n-_ n. `.
n:o n. co;
n. cc;
n. c`.
n:oc: n. n`c, see: n`C.
n:e n. ce .
n:c- n. n:c_.
n:c adj. n:c .
n:c n. c ;
n. .oc.
n:Dscoa vi. Do-c-, see: Do- s- .
n:c_c so n. s`c .
n:D_ D<_-<_
148 Telugu - Gondi
n:D_ n. cc;
n. c:c ;
n. -O_.
n:oacoc: n. c^ c.
n:oa `<: vi. cc_-c-, see: cc_.
n:o c: n. `c
1
(1).
n:c n. e`. .
n:o n. coo.
ne n. sè c.
ncc: n. nc.
nc n:c_ n. n:cc.
ncc: n. n-C.
nc n. n:c_.
n0_oc vt. co- .
nòn0 n. nD .
nòoas n. n:c:.
n`cL n. nc.
n`c:n: n. Ô.
n`c 0 n. c_.
n`c: soc: n. Do_c.
n`c cc: n. n`c C.
n`c:_ n. `s .
nòc adjl. sò.
nòc cc n. sòo/.
n`s:e vt. cc_- .
n`c:cc: n. n:L.
nò n. D.
nòa n. Oco.
nòos n. oJc (.e ).
n`0 n. n`0.
n`ò n. n:`c.
nc n. nocC.
nc .c cc n. è C.
nccLo n. cs-. ', see: cs.
ncc: n. -.
n:c: n. co.
n:c: n. c_, see: co.

c

cos n. sO .
coc: c: n. on`;
n. -co (cco).
co.y vt. L_- .
co.ye vt. soL- s- .
cs o n. no.
ccLcc: vt. cD- s- .
c.n adj. c. .
c.-< adj. c. .
cceso Jo_.
co_c: n. c`C.
c0 n. ..
c0scc: n. .-nc:o, see: ..
c0coec-è: n. cc (2).
cc adj. s-_'.
cc e adj. s_c.
cc e (oa) adjl. c:oao/ o.
cc ccoc vi. -o- c- .
cc ooc vi. c- .
e n. -O.
O n. coC;
n. Ò.
c Js:_L adjl. .
c: adj. co;
adjl. coo, see: c- .
Lco vi. `- .
Doo (e: ) n. -o (co ).
Ds_ ``Lcc: vi. c'e`- `òc- .
Ds:_c: n. sò .
Ds:_c: soc: n. sò--o/, see:
sò .
De c:s n. ^..
D<:s:c: Lc:_e vi. -c_- .
D<_ cc`. n. c , see: c.
D<_ eoa n. nc.
D<_ Jc: c coc n. s .
D<_ no. n. co;
n. ^:. .
D<_ cocc: n. cs.
D<_e n. ^. .
D<_c adj. c:c.
D<_-<_ n. ssC.
D<_n`. ooaLyc:
Telugu - Gondi 149
D<_n`. n. c C, see: c.
D<_c_ n. ss, see: ssC;
n. ooC;
n. ooC.
D<_oè n. n`D.
D<_cn: n. -c_.
Doao .y0 n. Occ.
Dc:s n. on`.
DLo adj. cso.
Dse n. -se.
D.yoa n. so_.
Dc n. .c .
DDc n. -cc.
Do n. s. ;
n. cs .
Dccoc n. le .
c:s_ n. e`_.
c:s_c: n. ^:s_o.
c:e n. c:c_.
c:e c: n. co C.
c:e: adv-ppn. -o_c.
cc:e vt. ^c- .
c.yc: vt. c`L- .
o. n. sò_.
s_ n. è.
s_c: n. s_o/.
e: n. co .
c`òoc vi. `c - c- .
c: adj. coc;
adjl. o.
c:n:`c: n. cosòcC (oo).
o coc: n. s - sc.
.oc vt. cL- .
.cc: vt. .y'- .
._c: n. -oo.
ce n. es .
c_ n. cc_.
o:e vt. s- ;
vt. oao/- .
oaLy n. oco.
c n. ^c-co, see: ^c;
n. -cc.
D n. sD_.
Deoc: adj. cc , see: cc oC.
Decc: adj. cc oC.
Dc' O0 n. sò- sC.
Lyc: n. sL_, see: sD_.
On:c n. c- .
oa n. so.
c: adj. so_C, see: so- .
<: n. cLy.
. n. -o (D');
n. cè ;
n. D'.
. .oa n. cco (D');
n. D_c (D').
.c: .e cv:_ n. cLC.
occ: vi. `ò- c- .
`s_ n. con .
`c:_e vi. -o/- .
`. n. sc_.
òcc: vi. s:._- c- .

c

o n. o.

oeo:e vt. `c- s- .
ooaLyc (nc ) n. o`.
ooaLyc: n. -_;
n. ac .
nco cc:oa
150 Telugu - Gondi
nco n. Le .
c n. o`_oc;
n. c.
_oc:e n. .ye_C, see: .yc- .
c occ: vt. Do- s- .
D_ (e: ) n. cco (co ).
cc: n. C.
cc: n. c.
noc n. n .
O .oa cocC.
c (e: ) n. L (co ).
aos n. nò ;
n. cc_.
c vt. s`L_-
1
(1).
c (e: ) n. sò_ (co ).
c c: (e: ) n. `coc (co ).
e: n. e (1).
oac< n. coc.
oc n. oc.
o`òa`c: n. -o (oo).
o n. Oo.
c n. se c (D');
n. sè_C (D').
c: n. s`.
`c n. `c.
`<_c: n. `<_.
òan advl. ò .
.so n. oc;
n. cc_.
.sc: n. c oa.
.sc: o:e vi. coa-s-, see:
coa.
_oc: n. oc_.

e

ece n. cc.
es (cè: ) n. es .
es: (e: ) n. cs (co ).
e`. n. e`..

c

cos n. oaco.
c._ n. cL.
cc_ n. cc_;
n. .`.
cc:_c: n. sò o/, see: sò .
cn.e n. cn`.

c

cc:oa n. cc_.

ooc c`c:
Telugu - Gondi 151
o

ooc n. ccC;
n. cc'.
os:_L n. sD_.
on0oc vt. c/- .
ocs n. ee (1);
n. .c.
ocsc: n. no .
oc:c:e vi. .y- .
o<:n: n. cD .
o`cc: n. eo`.
oc:_c: n. s`s`;
n. oc:_.
oc:_ co_ n. oc:_'-sòoc,
see: oc:_.
ooo<c vi. c - c- .
oo n. cn .
oo_o adv. co;
advl. co (2).
oc n. oc .
oc:.y n. sLc.
o0 n. cL_C
1
.
oL_ n. `ò;
n. `òo.
oL_co vt. s-
1
.
cocc: n. s``;
n. D-cC.
ce (e: ) n. cc (co ).
coo_ n. cs`_.
cc(-o< ooc..) n. cc.
ccc: n. s: -cc_, see: s: .
ccc: o n. s: .
c0o.yco: vt. `ò.
O<:e vt. O'- .
Ooe adj. n`c.
Oo_cc: vt. coc- ;
vt. .- .
Oo_' e: n. cc_ (co ).
On vi. c0- .
O^:s``Lco vt. c- .
O^:s` vt. =c ;
vt. oo- .
oas:_ n. c:oas.
oa_ (e: ) n. oaD (co ).
oa`s n. coc.
oac_ (e: ) n. oac_ (co ).
oac:_ n. ^n'.
oac_c n. scC-D-, see: scC;
n. ^:o_.
oa0_ (e: ) n. oa0_ (co ).
oacc n. oacC.
oac_c: n. -c.
ooa cs:_ n. -coo/.
cc:_e vt. o- .
coa_e vt. co- .
c0oco n. oLys.
cc:.y adj. cc C.
cc:^: vi. so- c- .
cc coe: sc: vi. .c_- .
c-en n. scC-D-, see: scC.
c-oe: n. scC;
n. .yo;
vt. oo- .
c-.e: n. coC.
c-oa n. o.
c<:_ n. co_.
cc: n. D`_.
còc n. cs_.
còco adv. cc_.
còcon adv. co_.
c`c n. oòc.
c`cc n. e`c_.
c`c:s:_oc vt. s- .
c`D_c num. -L.
c`s n. c`s`.
cè n. cc.
cè post. -oo`_.
c`c: ppnl. -c`c.
c`cc: n. n:` C;
n. ocoC.
c`c: n. c`C.
c n: c^so
152 Telugu - Gondi
c n: vi, vt. e'- ;
vt. eoc<, see: e'- .
c c: n. -c.
c ^: n. cn .
c` s_coc n. c`s:_c- coc.
o_on advl. ^._.

c

coc n. cocc.
cocc: n. ccc.
cooc: n. cc.
cocc: n. .C
1
.
coc (e: ) n. cc (co ).
cn o adv-ppn. soao.
cn ocoa n. soL -.
cn: vi. s`s - s- .
ce n. .e .
cc D;
n. cco.
co_o n. c'oc.
coc: n. <C.
co n. -..
c- n. c- .
cs clitic. co .
cc:e vt. cs---, see: cs- .
co n. c.
co n. oO;
n. ô.
c- n. ``- ccc.
coo vi. Lc_- .
coc: vt. oL- .
cn: vi. oo- .
c<c: n. cc.
c-c: soa'.
c sòs: corr. =c' c- , see: =c.
c.c: n. DD_;
n. cc.
c.c: ` oc: n. c``c.
c:scc: n. c:s'.
c:<:s: vi. cL_- (1).
c:. n. s`ccL;
n. cn o;
n. cL.
c:c:_ n. c:c;
n. c:c_.
c:c_< n. son_;
n. .co.
cc n. .o_.
coc: adjl. co/.
cc nòc n. -oa0.
ccc: n. `cc;
n. c:cC.
c0 n. c:o .
cc n. <c .
cL .Oc n. ^c .
cLyc: n. .';
n. c-c- .'.
cLy .oa n. oc_;
n. Ô .'.
cLy ^ cc: n. .'-nc, see: .'.
ccc_o n. conC, see: co/.
con n. sc , see: sC- .
con0oc:e vt. ce- s- .
cocso n. eòc.
cc: adj. e`^;
adj. cc_C.
cos .e: e vt. `. - s- .
cc n. <:c .
cLO n. cc.
c^so n. ss ;
n. s:c;
n. co_.

c<c: v:_ sn os:oc
Telugu - Gondi 153
c

c<c: n. c'.
c<c: nccc: n. c<c'.
c<_oc' s^: cco.
co_c: n. co_;
n. cc_o.
c_o se noe n. e.y (1).
c_=_ =o cnoe n. c:c_.
c_=_ còc: coc_o n.
e`L e:c.

<

<s_ n. sò cC.
<oo n. ^:s_o.
<c:c:e vi. cs- .
<c:.y vt. .yc- .
<c:c: n. <c.
<c_ adv-ppn. <c: o.
<c (non) n. non.
<c`_oc: vi. c: - s- (1).
<c_so adj. co`^.
<oc: n. -o.
<oooos:c: n. coc.
<c:.y adjl. so.
<c:.yn adj. sooC, see: so.
<c:c num. 0.
<c . n. cc_o (cc_).
<c .c: n. cc__, see: cc_o
(cc_).
<c ce n. s- c`c.
<c n adj. c` C (1).
<c Dc n. so- .c .
<c .e n. e- (.e ).
<c .y^c conc ôo n. `Ò.
<Ly_ vt. sL- .
<Ly_e vc. sLy- .
<c `òoc: n. cc- c- .
-n0 n. -o C.
-n0s c<:s` eoc se n. `c.
-n: cLy .oa n. -n`cC.
-n:`c: n. -/- oo.
-c pron. -L.
-<c_ n. c.
-oo n. ôc.
-o e: n. ôc (co ).
-c:s n. co.
-c:n: num. -c:o/.
_< n. s^_c (-c).
_< cc_<Ly<_ s_ n. .c .
o adj. oC.
<c:n adv. -o.
c: soC.
c n. `.y;
vi. s_- .
c`` vi. <oaL- .
<_ adj. -_.
._ n. oc_.
c_ (e: ) n. O o (co );
n. 0oc (co );
n. ^:o 0oc (co ).
c:_oc: vi. C- .
e .coc: cc_.
en adjl. ^:c ;
n. .c .
c n. cc_;
n. `D .
c pron. L.
oa n. o.
0 adj. .c C.
0 oon: adj. cC.
v_oLy `' ;c.
v:_ snos:oc n. òo.
Ly .c o
154 Telugu - Gondi
Ly pron. c_.
<:c:oa n. s..
<:Lyc: n. <o/.
<:Ly_c``c n. o< .
<- n. o.
<- n. <-.
<o_ cocc: n. coco.
<o_o vi. ooc- .
<o_cLo .oa n. s`cC.
<o_c: n. cc_.
<o_coc_ L^: Ly n. ce .
-c0 n. cC.
-o_ n. `C-o, see: `C.
-c n. cc-.
-o.coa n. `cccC.
-<: pron. <<_.
-oa_s` vt. so- .
-cc_c: n. cc.
-. n. -oc.
-oa n. c`c .
-`s n. os;
n. cc.
-_occ n. Lsc:.

.

.occo(cs_o) n. `s:.
.ooc: n. .o .
.occe: e vc. Doc-, see: Doc- .
.oc:s` vi. Doc- .
.oc:n n. ^'.
.oc:n .oa n. csc .
.oc n. .c .
.ocs`s:_ n. ;-.
.oco n. coc.
.o.yc: oò.
.; n. .e .
.;nc: n. nc.
.;.oa nòocC;
` ` .e ;
cC ^:c:o;
oo-cce`;
n. s. (.e ).
.ncoo advl. .oC-``c , see:
.oC.
.nc: adj. .oC.
.n0oc vi. c- .
.n c: s` .
.c_c n. oo .
.c_cè: n. -on.
.D_c adj. .o_ (1).
.e: vt. .- .
.e_o n. <n.
.cco n. ;ooo/.
.c c co .
.c c: co` .
.O n. s.y.
.O cc n. oao.
.c vi. c- .
.csòc: num. cs .
.ccc: num. c:c .
.cooa num. ê ;
num. ``c.
.c num. co.
.ccc: o;
num. ^c .
.cc<: num. .oc ;
num. -..
.c:-Dc c`.
. n. so.
. c c n o:e adv. o c- c c.
.-_oc: num. òoc:;
num. co.
.._ n. co .
.o ec.oac:e vt. `L-`ò-s-,
see: `L- s- .
.os (e: ) n. `ò_ (co ).
.ocoo o:e vt. .y-- s- .
.ococ: n. cc_.
.cs n. è.
.c:n: n. `.
.c o n. sò
1
.
.c c: . c -<_
Telugu - Gondi 155
.c c: n. cco.
.eLy n. cooC.
.eLyc s.o n. no_.
.eLyc `s n. cc .
.eLyc`s n. sè_.
.eLyc: c.ycc: n. co_C.
.^:.y n. sc_.
è n. è
1
.
è: (2L .oc ) n. `c.
òc n. `c.
`c:e vt. c- .
òc adj. .c-.
`' n`c n. `' n`c, see: n`c.
`.c: `L.
`c: n. oo;
n. c: -n .
`c: `è n. .yO .
ò n. sò
1
.
ò n. ò.
`c.e n. ec_ (.e ).
`c: n. `C.
`c: Oo_cc: vt. `C .-, see: .- .
`Lyoc: n. òc (.e ).
`-``Lcc: vi. ^L- .
.oc n. .oc.
.oc sc:e vt. .^_- .
.oc (`c) n. c:s_.
.D_o<c: n. .ô/.
.D_cc: n. .`_C, see: .ô/.
.c:_s n. sè_- .e .
.e c n:o.y n. so.
.e n. c'.
.cs n. n`c_o.
.cs0 n. c:e (1).
.c:n: n. O- O.
.o n. sc.
.c:.y vt. so- .
.c n. .c .
.c cc: n. soc.
.0 n. co_c.
.``c: n. .`_C, see: .ô/.
.s: num. co;
vt. c- .
.e n. s:o C.
.yoc: n. .y'.
.ys_c: adj. .ys`c.
.yc_ so n. so_.
.ye:s n. -_.
.ye_c: n. c:o .
.yoan: n. nò .yc;
n. .yc.
.yoac: n. `D_.
.y0 n. c:cC;
n. c:o_C.
.yc:^: n. -o `_.
.yc n. s`c (1).
.yLy_c: n. .y.
.yc_o n. .y (- cc-).
.y^ so n. .y^ s.
.ys: n. .yc.
.y n. .y.
.y c:oo n. oo.
.yo n. cco;
n. cs C.
.yoc:.e n. eO.
.yo c n. .y-s.
.yo adjl. .yo`.
.yo n adv. c`_c;
vt. .yo`-s-, see: .yo`.
.yo_o adjl. c`c .
.yo_c: advl. c`c -c-c , see: c`c .
.yo_s:c: n. cc-ccC, see: cc;
n. cò , see: c`c` .
.yc n`c n. .y n`c, see: n`c.
.yccoc .yos < o.
.y^: oc vi. `ò-
2
.
.osec: n. .c_.
.occc: vt. os- s- .
.oo`c: os .o`.
.oc n. cn_o/.
.oc soaoa n. -D , see: -c C.
.oc s`c:s: n. -c C.
.oc c: n. co_o/.
.o.so n. .c.
.e: s`Lcc: vt. cD- s- .
.c ò_ . n. -o_ -e (D').
.cD n. -D .
.c adj. cn.
.c c< n. .o c`s_.
.c -<_ n. ...
. c c co
156 Telugu - Gondi
.c c adj. .o_.
.c c_ n. .o.
.c coa adj. .o`_, see: .o_.
.<o n. cc.
.<c: n. cD.
.' -C n. se -`òe', see: `òe'.
.oc: n. cc.
.oan: n. cc.
.^c: n. .-C_.
.n: n. ``c.
.c n. ^c..
.c s:. n. coc.
.cO- no. ^c. -O.
.oa n. `ò`C.
.c:s n. noc.
. <:oc adv. `ò`cC, see: `ò` .
.s._c =c: ee.
.< adv-ppn. `ò` .
.^c: n. sò .
``n n. `ò, see: `ò-
1
.
`è c` e<_c nO coo.
`è adj. e:._.
`è: n. ``c.
``c:.y s n. .oc.
``c:Ly adjl. co.
``c:_ vi. ``'- .
`ò_ n. ``c C.
`ò_ n. ``cc.
``c C n. .yoa' ò.
`` vi. ``'- .
``cc_ n. cs-. ', see: cs.
``cc_ cLo n. cL_C
2
.
`òoc vi. ``c- .
.s_s: co_;
adv-ppn. coo.
.c: n. '_;
n. coc;
n. c's.
.O ôLo_oc: advl. `0.
.c' (s:co.oa) n. .ec .
..occ: c:_.
.oo_c: o:e vt. s`-- s- .
` ooOoc: vt. ^:o- s- .
.c n. cc.
.c c.co vt. cc-s-, see: cc.
`` c: < advl. ^s .
`` c: - advl. ^s '.

c

cos n. -c_.
conoc: ``-.
conoa n:oc: cco/.
con n. cc.
coo cc n. cc-C.
coc n. coc.
coO n. oc:.
coO .yLy_c: n. oc .y.
coc:Lyc: n. s:e:c_C.
ce Le c.
ce n. s. .
ce ocnc adj. c'c_C, see: c'c.
ce c: n. `cc.
cc n. `c.
coe adv-ppn. cc .
co n. co_.
co c`s:_ n. c:c .
co c: n. .oo/-sC_, see: .o_.
co c: c.cc: n. c_ oC.
ccc: cn:.
cc n. ecC;
n. coD;
n. c.
c0 n. s:c cs_, see: cs_.
cc c: n. nò_.
c 0s n. .c, see: .cC.
ce n. ô.
ceò vi. ô-cs-, see: ô.
cco n. s`c (3);
n. n:oO-s`c, see: n:oO.
ccc: n. c' .
co n. L- n`L_.
cc:c: ce
Telugu - Gondi 157
cc:c: n. soc;
n. .cC.
cL n. ce`.
cD n. s:c.
Ooc n. nn .
Oocc:.e cc ncoc.
Oc s:coac: c<_c: n. o co.
Oc soaoa c<_oc: n. o Doc,
see: o co.
Oo_c: n. .os.
Occ: n. Oc.
Ooso n. eè_.
c:c .os n. e._ (D').
c:ccoc: n. c:c_.
c:oc n. Ds ;
n. co .
c:oa (e: ) n:c:C co .
c:-_ c.
ccc n. .
co n. .yoa' ò.
coc so n. coc.
cc:oa n. c: c.
cc o n. c0.
coc: n. co.
còo.yoan: n. <c.
còc n. cc .
còc .e: e vt. D- .
c`s- n. `ò .
c`s_ n. c`s_.
c`n: n. sò_.
cè: n. c`c.
c`c: n. c.
c`ò (e: ) n. ``.o (co ).
c`c_ n. c`c_.
c`c_c:c: n. s`c `L.
cò nccc: cc_C.
c'cn:oc: adj. c'c.
cOsoc . c.
co_<:c: n. c'c C.

c

co.c:e vi. s:c:_ -- c- .
coc: n. co.
co n. cc_.
cc sc: n. oc .
cnc: n. e`.
cnc: o:e vt. eò/-cc-, see:
e`.
co_ n. co_;
n. co .
co_ co n. cc cc_.
Oc: cLyc: n. OcC.
c:c: n. -e .
cDc' c<_o eoc:`òono .L.

c

conc ôo n. .y- .
con0 n. coc_.
conc'c: n. con0.
conc'< sO n. co .
convcoc: n. con c.
cocc: n. seC.
coDn advl, adjl. `s`c.
coc:e vi. `ò- .
coc:oaoc `ò oo.
coonc: n. ``c.
coc n. coc.
cocoo n. n:c;
n. ceo.
coc: n. co.
cs_c: n. cs_o/.
ce n. c`c.
ce .c c: cc
158 Telugu - Gondi
ce .c c: n. co_.
cc:n: n. co'.
cc.y^ n. cc.
cc (e: ) n. c (co ).
cc_cc: adj. <e.
cc_<o advl. ``cs.
cc_o_o advl. c:ò.
c<c pron. cL;
pron. cLo/, see: cL.
c<c: pron. coc.
cc n. co <C.
c<:^:_ n. cs.
cocc: n. -_ cc, see: -_ c:.
coc n. -_ c:.
coc attr. eoc.
cococ: adj. `c`, see: `- .
coan: cc: vi. .C_- .
co c: n. Oo.
co n. -_ c: s`s`, see: s`s`.
co_c n. c'.
co e: n. Lc (co ).
co_co vt. coao/- .
cc: vi. cC- .
cv_ advl. co (1).
co^.y c:s_ n. oco.
co^c: n. ^D_.
c;o n. co' (- cc-).
cec: n. n`c .
ce c: vt. Lc_- .
ccoc vi. cc- .
cc `` vi. soa- .
ccn n. cc .
cs n. cc ;
n. ò 0.
cc n. ccC.
cco_ n. cooC.
cDc so c`s:_ co_ cco/.
cDc (e: ) n. co_ (co ).
coc: n. co.
coc: cL_co vi. c oc- c- .
coc: (e: ) n. co_ (co ).
co o (c-oc) n. ê (- cc-).
co ocô n. c:c- cco
(- cc-).
Don:e vt. Do/- .
Dn:c:oaoc cooo.
D<:n:oa .yoan: n. co- .yc.
D<:c:c: n. .ycC.
Dnc n. coc;
n. oooc
1
.
Dc adv-ppn. `ò` .
Dc pron. DL.
Doa pron. c_;
pron. Doc.
D^c: n. D-C.
D`c: n. D-C_, see: D-C.
c:on^ n. c:n.
c:oo n. eòn.
c:oo n. c0.
c:oco adv-ppn. c:-_.
c:s_ n. e:s .
c:s:_ n. ``.
c:s:_ .ycs n. c:so.
c:s:_.ycs n. cc .
c:_ L_s C.
c:n: oa pron. c:D_, see: coc.
c:e: e vt. =c- .
c:e: c: Doc.
c:c n. ne .
c:c n. c:s_.
c:c: vt. c:- .
c:. num. O.
c:.c c:_.
c:o_ adj. c` C (1).
c:c ``c n. sò .
c:c: n. `L.
c:^cc_ n. coo, see: coC.
c:^co_ adj. c`c` .
c:^0 .eLy adj. cn .
c:^0cc: n. coC.
c:^0coa n. ccC.
c:-_ n. c:-_.
c:- occ: n. oac_C.
cncc: adjl. cs.
cc: num. coc.
co n. c:c_c.
coc: n. eC.
co:e vt. sL- .
cc n. s`c ;
n. s`';
c c oO sL0
Telugu - Gondi 159
n. s`c .
cc n. le.
ccsoe n. ô .
co n adj. <oaL.
ccc: n. cc.
c oa^:e adj. Dc:_s- c:c:_s.
c oa^: oc vc. Dc_- .
c c n advl. `s_;
advl. -o.
c v:s:L n. L.
c s n. co .
cs .c n. èo `ò.
cs`òa n. c's:c.
c s`òa (.c ) n. c'sc .c .
csc: n. .oo/-sC_, see: .o_.
csc: c.ycc: n. -c_ oC.
c;o n. e`.
c c (e: ) n. cò (co ).
c< cc soaoa n. ^`, see: ^.
c< cc s`c:s: n. ^.
cc: pron. c.
cc'_ adjl. c`.
cc n. c.
oc adj. coc.
oco<o adj. c:oc.
occso adj. cocC.
s_ n. o`C.
o n. s`_o.
o c: pron. ^D .
cc: adv-ppn. .cc;
n. cC.
c: n. c.
o e: n. -o_ (co ).
cc c: n. nòc.
0_oc .oao.
c c: n. sc.
^0 n. cn .
s0- sc: n. eòn , see: eòn.
sc: n. eòn , see: eòn.
e -sC .ee.
c:n: (e: ) n. c: (co ).
ô o:e vt. .-- s- .

o

oc n. cc_C.
oo n. c .
occ ^cL.
oc num. .-_.
oc JDc num. ce L'.
o:c c: cco.
o:Ls:c: n. co.
o:LO n. co, see: co.

o

oon: n. oo/.
oon: oon:c adj. oo/-oon_, see: oo/.
oocc: n. nc .
osc: n. O.
os c: n. -o .
oc_coc n. o`csC.
oc:_ Lo.
oDs n. o..
onc: n. co/.
on n. oc_.
o n. oC.
o_c: n. o- cc.
oc n. ccc.
oO adv. <o_;
n. -se.
oO sL0 n. n .
ococ Lc <
160 Telugu - Gondi
ococ n. cso;
n. ooC.
oc Dc:s n. cn C;
n. oc C.
oc0 vi. c- .
oD (e: ) n. c0 (co );
n. co0 (co ).
oaD_ n. ^c_c.
oaoa.L<o n. c:^.
oac_oo n. o`csC.
oacc n. oac_.
oacc:ccc: n. c:cC.
oac_c: n. .e_;
n. `nè;
n. oacC.
oò n. oa._.
o`c: n. .o `;
n. oa._o/, see: oa._.
ooc: num. ooc.
ooc:occ`c: n. cc:oc (oo).
ooc:<_o cc.
os_ n. coC.
os:c: .oo/.
on: .oc: n. o.
oDse co< adj. ccocC.
o.y adv. -c.
oè n. ò.
oè c:s_c: cc o n. ccc.
o`c:_ n. coC;
n. cò.
oò_ n. c .
o`s0 n. o`sC.
o`nc: c:.
o` n. co_;
n. o`.
o`cc: n. co.
o`c: n. cc_.

c

cs_ n. cs_.
c num. `cs.
cn_c: n. cn_o/.
cs_ n. =``;
vt. cs- .
cs_oc:e vt. sL- .
cc:_ vi. cc- .
cn n. .o_.
con adj. s`c sc.
c.y vt. cL- (1).
co' n. nc`.
c'oa adjl. sô;
adjl. `C.
c'.c adv-ppn. o```.

L

Losoeoso adj. sco/- n`co/.
Loso n. `..
Lonoc vi. Lo- .
Loenc n. ce_C s`-, see: s`-.
Loeos: n. oc se .
Loec n. ce_C o`', see: cc- .
Loc:e vt. cc- .
Loc num. <;
num. o-.
Loc<c: vi. c: - s- (1).
Le adj. con_C, see: c.
Le n Le o.
Lc .e n. e`s_ cc (.e ).
LO n. cO.
Lc< n. c;
n. o .
Lc: c.oac:
Telugu - Gondi 161
Lc: coc .
LcLoc: n. ooc (1).
Lc:Loacs: o- .^:.y .oc n. eec.
Lc:Ly n. -D , see: -c C.
Lo^:_ ec.
Los: ppnl. oL_C.
Loc: n. -c C.
Loc n. e^.
Lo n. Loa;
n. Loao/, see: Loa.
Lonc n. .os:., see: .o.
Loa^n n. ò_.
Lo scc: n. .-nc:o, see: ..
Lo c: n. ..
Lc n. cn:c.
Lò n. c-.
cn: n. s:c c.
c< n. ..
c<`c: n. <c_o.
c<.yoan: s^ .yc.
coc_ L^: Ly .oa n. n:cc.
coc pron. eo, see: e.
coa pron. e.
co n. o .o.
co ._e vt. o .o---, see:
o .o.
co_ n. co .
c^< n. ;c;
n. c.
c^c: n. c`.
c^ Lc < n. soc- s- soC.
Dcc noc: n. <`.
Dc:Ly vt. ^:e - s- .
Do <c: n. D .
Dc:_oa n. sooc.
D<: vt. so- .
Dc<o n. s s`c.
Do_os: cc n. ò_c.
Do_os:c: n. ò
1
.
Do_os:oc: n. ò_s.
Dc: n. n:oO.
D oO vi. oò- .
D oO (e: ) n. o`D (co ).
Dcc: n. Ds.
D^:oae vt. cc- .
D^ o (cs:c:) n. sc.
D^cc: vt. ,s- s- .
Doc pron. Do, see: D.
Doa pron. D.
coe: sc: n. sC.
coc n. so.
ccc: n. ooc.
coas: vt. cL_- .
cc:oa n. cc .
cc:oa cc n. .s_.
cc:oasos n. o' .
cc:oacòn: n. ce.
c<:s adv-ppn. . (. ).
c<:s cnc: n. -0_.
co_ num. cc ;
num. o.
cc:oaoa n. cc_.
ce n. -s.
cc vi. s- .
cc:Ly n. ^:cc.
c. (e: ) n. sD 0o (co );
n. 0o (co ).
co:c: vt. cc- .
coa n. -
1
.
c.y n. c.
cc: n. cco (- cc-).
L_Lòo n. O (- cc).
L_Lòc: o:cc: n. s:_.
c o:c: vt. cc- s- .
cc: n. cè .

coc: n. ^-_.
c c: n. cc;
vi. oò- .
c.oac: vc. `L- s- .
oo c <:s cnc: - _c oac:
162 Telugu - Gondi
oo c<:s cnc: n. coc_.
ooc: n. cocC.
Lc: n. s.
<_c: soc ooc: s`0c: n. ooco/.
es coc: n. ^:s c.
ecc< oa n. OsC o.
<nc: n. ^co.
Lco n. `ò (- cc-).
cooac: `Ly.

c

cso L^: Ly n. cocc.

^

ôD n. coD;
n. oo .
ôc`co advl. c<oc_- c<oc.
ôLo_oc: n. `C.
^nc: adjl. co` .
^ <:c: `c:.
^cs:c: n. ^n C.
^<_ ac_ n. oac (D').
^<_c: adj. ^.y.
^-_o n. ..;
n. c'on.
^`è (e: ) n. ^`è (co ).
^c:cc: ^c .
ôoc: n. sc_c.
^co n. ``` (2).
^c vt. sò`L.
^Lyoc: n. coJ.
ôoo cô.
ôoon n. ``. .
`_c: .yoL.
òooo adv. <:c.
òo n. sC.
`cnc: n. c (2).
`c.yoan: n. n`.o.
-onoo n. -on.
-ooo n. Do'.
-n: .c:e vi. c - c.
-c;co ( e: ) n. -o.c (co ).
-co -co.
-cs`s Dc:s ^: `. .
-c Doo n. c o 0 (co ).
-` n. -`.
^:c: ^:s.
^:c n. c`D .
^:c n. ^:c .
^:<_ num. ^:<_.
^:<_c: c:<_.
^_c < <:o_.
ôa_c: n. ``c .
-sc: n. -o sC.
``c: n. `C.
``co ss n. s:s_ s:D (.e ).
``ccoc: n. ``c.
`òso .yo_;
n. .yo_.
^ C n. ^ C.
- n. ccc.
- c:, .yoacac: n. co -co <C, see:
co .
^ cc: n. n.
`_<o o:coc ècoc.
`_<c: nc n. c c:c.
`_<c: ooc:e vt. DL- .
-_coac: n. ``. _C, ``. , see: ``. .

oo`_ o!
Telugu - Gondi 163
o

oo`_ .e.
o'0 n. -c .


!"#$% &'%(
Hindi - Gondi 165

H " | n. U , see: U .
H " n. H(.
H 1 adjl. .
H s| n. H".
H s n. H+, see: H".
H 3 P adj. +.
H 4|1 n. U+.
H | adj. ".
H 41 n. z.
H4 H| advl. -".
H4 H| advl. ", see: -".
H"1 corr. @+ ;
corr. ";
corr. ";
corr. .
H|4 advl. "- .
H U| adj. ;
adj. U;
adjl. U(;
advl, adjl. +.
HH"1 n. HU.
H'|(P num. Û.
H'| num. -.
H'| num. ^-.
H'|P| num. U.
H(d1 num. z.
H|1( num. ].
Hs3|H|P num. U.
Hs3|P num. U.
HsP num. U;
num. U.
H8s| n. "".
H3 attr. ".
H1 n. U.
H. |4 n. H.
H1 ! int. .
HH" adjl. " (");
adjl. "-", see: "
(").
HP n. .
H1 n. (.
H1 P| num. U.

&

H n. +.
H " n. q.
H P n. +.
H" n. +U;
n. _.
HH adv. -.
H| n. .
H num. .
Hs n. .
Hd3 n. .
HdP| n. H-.
Hd 1|3 n. j-.
H| adjl. .
H| vi. -.
H1|| n. ".
HHP| adj. .
HH n. .
H|H n. ".

+, -./01 2! 343%5%
166 Hindi - Gondi
+

5 n. +H-.
43|H|P num. @+ .
4d|P num. @U.
4P num. @+ U.
4(d1 num. @+".
4 4|P num. @( U.
4 | num. @+" -.
4 | num. @( -.
4 |P| num. @( U.
P 31( adjl. - H.
P H corr. - U, see: .

6

(4 n. , see: .
(? 1 n. -.

7

3 "H| n. .
3UH| vi. z+- (1);
vi. "-.
3s| vi. -.
331| vi. "-.
3d1 n. ".
3d1 d | vt. "-U-, see: ".
371 n. z( .
3)| n. .
3|P num. @++ - U.
33|H|P num. @++ - U.
33|P num. @++ - U.
3P num. @++ - U.
3(d1 num. @++ - U.
3= |P num. @++ -U.
3= |P| num. @++ - U.
34|1 n. H".
3H|1| vc. U-, see: -;
vc. -U- (1), see: --;
vt. z-.
3Ps| vi. "H-H-, see: "H-+-;
vi. z-;
vt. "H-+-.
3P 31( adjl. - H.
3P H corr. - U, see: .

2

3 | vi. + + -.
3 n. .
3 4|1| n. +.

890 4:5%
Hindi - Gondi 167
8

#3 n. ".

;

74 P| n. -+, see: -+ ".
7s| n. +.

<

7| vt. --;
vt. H"-+- (2).

=

H1 n. ++;
n. +-.
HH| n. "-, see: ".

>

H1 attr. ;
conj. -.
H13 n. .

4

4 | n. U.
4 4H n. U.
41| n. +-+.
4 adj. + H, see: + "-.
43| n. +.
4| adj. + H, see: + "-.
4s|( adj. + H, see: + "-.
4= | n. ++ .
4s| n. +!;
n. ";
n. .
44 31 n. ( );
n. -.
44 H| vt. +-H-.
4P1 n. -.
4P1| n. + (1);
4:%/% ?@A/%
168 Hindi - Gondi
n. +;
n. +-;
n. U;
n. ;
n. z.
4P|| vt. +"H"-+-.
4H n. +";
n. +.
4P| n. + #U.
4HP| n. + ".
4(| vt. --;
vt. --.
4(|| n. U.
4| n. U.
4|| vt. +-;
vt. +$-+-.
4| n. + .
4|9| adj. ";
adjl. .
4|P n. +;
n. +- , see: +;
n. .
4|H| adj. +", see: +;
adjl. +.
43|4 n. +.
41 n. U .
4P| n. + ;
n. U-+, see: U
(-).
4|s n. +.
4|s| n. .
4 H n. + z.
4 U adjl. ^.
4 H adj. +.
4 d| n. -".
4 (|1 n. + "H.
4 | vt. +z+-
1
(1);
vt. -+-.
4 HP|P adv-ppn. UH.
4 |U adv-ppn. % ( %);
adv-ppn. H& .
4 4|(1 adv-ppn. '.
4 4| ppnl. H+.
4 H7 ppnl. U.
4 H| n. + .
4 | n. +.
4|s| n. .
4|| n. +".
4|PH adj. -H.
4|| n. ++.
4 |4 conj. -+(+;
corr. + , see: .
H| n. U.

?

s| (| vi. --.
13|1 n. .
1| adj. U.
PP || vi. --, see: .
Dc P (|| vi. + --;
vi. H-.
D41 n. U.
D n. -.
|P| vi. ++-+-.
|d n. U.
||, H| vt. "-+-, see: ";
vt. --.
|H n. .
|H| adjl. + .
H| vt. z-.
|| vt. H-;
vt. -.
|1| n. ++ ;
n. + +.
H adj. + U, see: + U;
n. ""H.
3 n. .
3| n. U (-).
H| vi, vt. +U-.
|H| adv. +,.
|d| vt. +-
1
.
?@B/% C@D%
Hindi - Gondi 169
|H| vt. -.
|( n. ".

"

" d| adj. H- (1).
" n. ;
n. U.
"1| n. ..
"8| n. -.
"| n. U.
"|; "d(| n. ".
"1H| vi. ""-H-.
"1d n. .
"3 n. .
"P H|| vi. U-.
"(1| adjl. U.
"| n. ";
n. -.
"|, "1| n. ".
"|| n.
1
;
vt. -.
"| n. H.
"|H n. +/.
"@ n. + ;
n. ".
"| vt. +-.
"1| vi. -.
"~ H| s s| n. !-.
" d" d|| vt. + 0-+-, see: + 0.
" d| n. U;
n. .
" " || vi. "-.
" adv. + U".
" "| adjl. H+.
" s n. .
"d n. ", see: ";
n. .
"|F n. + U.
"|41 n. ".
"|H| n. ".
|1( num. ,.
T|P n. "U.

C

| n. .
s| n. .
|| n. +
1
;
n. (.
|P n. ++ (-");
n. + (-");
n. - (-");
n. + (-");
n. ";
n. H (-");
n. H (-");
n. U (-");
n. U( (-").
| n. 1", see: 1".
P| vi. -"-.
|PH| n. ".
|s| n. U
1
(1).

FG H%I%
170 Hindi - Gondi
F

H n. " .
'| n. .
| vt. "-.
! H n. !;
n. U 3.
4|| vt. "-.
P4| vc. H(-;
vi. "+ -H-, see: "+-+-;
vt. "+-+-.
1| vi. H"-;
vt. Hz-.
|H|P num. U.
|d n. "";
n. -" (").
|d| adv. +((.
|d| n. + .
|| vt. -+-.
|, || n. z.
|1 num. -";
pron. -, see: -".
|H|P num. U.
|H n. +.
3 n. UU- (1).
3| n. ( H, see: H.
4| vi. -;
vi. -.
1|4 n. 4;
n. .
|D| vi. +-.
|1| vc. U&U-, see: U-;
vi. U-;
vt. U-+-, see: U-.
H n. ".
| n. ", see: -.
H| vt. "-.
1|| vt. +-.
| vi. -;
vi. -.
P| vt. -.
P| vt. -;
vt. z+-;
vt. -.
|/| adj. ;
adjl. .
|1 n. +, see: +-.
|1| vt. -+-.
3|P num. U.
P num. U.
|4| n. + .
|4|d|1 n. +0.
|d( num. .
|4|P num. U.
|1| num. -.
|1|P| num. "U.
| num. -.
|(d1 num. z.

H

Us| n. + (1);
n. ;
n. (".
U3 n. 5;
n. U;
n. H".
Ud|P num. zU.
U| n. U$.
U! num. !-.
U, 4|P num. UU.
U|| n. _;
n. U.
JH34/% KL,L@D/%
Hindi - Gondi 171
U4| vi. + + -, see: +.
U|, U | vi. H+-;
vt. 6-+-;
vt. H-.
U| num. -.
U|H|P num. U.
U|P num. U.
U|P| num. U.
UH| vi. "-.
U(d1 num. z.
U4| vi. z+-.
UH| vt. -+-;
vt. -U-.
U 1| n. + .
U | vt. -;
vt. "-.
U d n. "(.
U|| adj. .
U|| |41| n. U!.
U4| vt. "U.

)

H"H n. U.
H"H| adj. z..
H3 n. "7U.
Hs n. U
1
.
H= P n. "H;
n. , see: -.
H4 adv. .
H44 adv. +(.
HH "| vi. -.
HH| vi. -&-.
HH|| vc. U-, see: -;
vc. -&U-, see: -&-;
vi. +-.
H~ d| adv. -;
advl. U6.
H~ d|-H~ d| advl. "-", see: -;
advl. U-U, see: U6.
HH|1 n. U,.
HF1| adj. z".
H4|P n. -.
H| vi. U--.
H| n. H.
H|3 n. ".
H|| vi. (+ -H-, see: (+;
vt. -.
H|3| vt. H"-.
H|| vi. --H-.
H||; HH|| vi. ""--+-;
vi. z -H-.
H|H n. ".
H| n. +.
H4 n. +U.
H|s| vt. "-+-.
H|3| vt. -
2
.
H||1 n. ".
H| n. "-"z+.
4 |3 n. (.
5| n. (+.

L

$"s| vi. "-.
$~ H|| vi. +-+-;
vi. z+-U-.
$|4| vi. H(+-.
$|s| vt. U"-.
$ $|s| vi. H-;
vi. HU-, see: H-;
vt. z-+-.
L#$, L#$% 9M
172 Hindi - Gondi
$, $| n. .
$|4| vt. + +-+-;
vt. -.
$|1| n. .
$|H| n. .

3

| n. .
(H| vi. -.
|" n. +.
|"| vi. H-H-, see: H-+-;
vt. +-+-;
vt. "-+-;
vt. H-+-.
4s n. + .
|41| n. !;
n. .
|| n. .

$

s| adjl. H 8.
8s| n. (.

E

s1 n. .
s1| vc. &U-, see: -.
s 4|| vi. H-.
s 4||; s 4|| vi. HU-, see: H-.
s24 1 n. 9.
s|H| vi. ?-H-;
vt. -;
vt. "-.

N

4 H| vt. 8-+-.
(| vi. ? -H-.
|| vt. -.
|H 4| H|H n. U".

9

34 clitic. .
3 n. H.
3| n. U0.
34 adv. + .
9' A@
Hindi - Gondi 173
3 pron. -;
pron. H.
3( n. H!.
3|| vi. z-.
33H| n. U .
31 num. -.
31P num. U.
31| num. $-.
31|P| num. $"U.
3(d1 num. z.
3(|( adj. -.
3| num. H;
pron. H, see: H.
3|1 n. + (3).
3|P num. U.
3 9| n. U.
3(P num. U.
31( num. .
31| num. H(.
3H n. -".
3 3|H|P num. U.
3 3|P num. zU.
3|s| vc. U-, see: -;
vc. -HU-, see: -H-;
vi. -;
vi. -H-;
vt. &U-.

O

4| vi. -.
4 n. .
4| vi. +-;
vt. -.

A

dH n. -, see: ;
n. .
d9|| vt. HU-.
d4|| vt. j-;
vt. -+-.
d1|H| n. +.
dH| n. U.
d n. U.
dH n. H .
dP num. z.
d(|s| vi. , -H-.
d( H n.
1
.
d|3 n.
1
.
d|(| adjl. .
d|| vt. z-.
d n. ";
n. U;
n. ".
dP|/ n. H .
d||1 n. ".
d4| n. +-.
d4 H vi. 8;
vi. 8.
d4 @ adj. (H.
dH( n. -7, see: -7;
n. , see: .
d(| vt. -, see: -.
d n. .
d1 adjl. ";
adjl. +.
d~ (| n. -7;
n. , see: .
dP1| pron. -.
*+ n. -: .
d 4| vt. U-.
d| num. .
APD/% QFQ/
174 Hindi - Gondi
d|s| vi. -;
vi. U-.

.

n. U-.
|1 advl. "< ;
advl. -z.
H ; H n. ", see: "-
1
.
H n. U;
n. ;
n. .
|4| n. .

/

Hd|4 adv-ppn. + .
d| n. + .
P4 n. .
, 4 num. -.
P4 n. U.
P1 4|1 n. U, see: .
| adj. -;
adj. -, see: -.
1 adj. "z.
|P| num. @++ - -.
(|| vi, vt. "-"-, see: ".
(||; (H||; (H|| vt. Hz-.
|4 n. HU.
|4| n. U
1
.
|" n. -"-U.
||, | vi. "-.
|P n. .
|1H n. U+;
n. - .
| n. &+;
n. .
|H n. -+U-.
4|H| vt. -.
"H| vt. H"-.
|s| vt. -.
= | num. --.
|d n. ?.
|H| adj. -.
|4 n. +.
|| vt. (+-;
vt. /-+-.
|41| n. -+;
n. .

Q

n. H .
"3 n. U-/.
5( num. =.
4s| vt. "-;
vt. ?-+-;
vt. -.
H| n. - ();
n. +! ();
n. ""U ();
n. ;
n. > ().
H|| 4| $s n. + .
" n. ?.
num. -.
QFRS5 QT D
Hindi - Gondi 175
(d1 num. z.
| num. -.
|P num. U.
|P| num. U.
|P num. U.
U3|| vi. "' -H- (? -H-).
1| n. .
s|P| n. -+&4, see: -.
| vt. -+-.
|| vc. +&U-, see: +-.
3 " n. ".
3 n. H(U.
c 1 n. U+.
c | n. +;
n. .
d| n. +.
1 advers. ;
advers. H.
1|( adv. U@.
1|| adj. " A;
adj. "", see: ";
adjl. ".
H " n. +.
n. .
? P n. +"B".
P|| n. +;
vi. + -H-, see: + .
(|s n. ".
(|s; (|s| n. H.
| num. U"";
pron. U, see: U"".
|D|| vi. +-.
|| vc. U-, see: -.
|| n. ".
|H| n. 0.
H| vi. "-.
3| n. ;
n. .
|| vt. -.
| n. (+.
|3H adj. .
|| vt. -, see: --.
||, H| vi, vt. --.
|H| adj. ++ ", see: +"+;
adj. ;
adj. .
|P| vt. --.
n. HC.
| n. H".
1|| adj. 8";
adj. -;
n. , see: ;
n. -, see: -.
U n. +.
14 n. U"B".
1| clitic. -H-, -H.
3 adv. q.
| n. .
s n. (H);
n. (H);
n. +" (H);
n. + H (H);
n. + (H), see: + ;
n. + (H);
n. +z+ (H);
n. " " (H);
n. (H );
n. z+ (H);
n. "H (H);
n. D (H );
n. U (H );
n. + (H );
n. " (H);
n. U (H);
n. - (H);
n. + (H);
n. (H);
n. !" (H);
n. U (H);
n. +;
n. (H);
n. (H);
n. (H);
n. & (H);
n. H" (H);
n. H+ (H);
n. H (H);
n. H;
n. Hz+ (H );
n. H- (H);
QTU MR/%
176 Hindi - Gondi
n. H (H);
n. H (H);
n. (H);
n. (H);
n. _ (H);
n. U (H);
n. U (H );
n. U (H);
n. U (H);
n. UB (H );
n. U (H );
n. U+ (H );
n. z+ (H );
n. z (H ).
H adv-ppn. H.
3|H|P num. U.
3|P num. U.
P num. U.
P| n. +", see: +;
n. U;
n. !"", see: !".
|U| vt. UH-.
! |1 n. H";
n. .
4|1 n. .
c 4 clitic. z.
H|3 n.
2
.
|" n. !"".

V

9 d| n. !+.
9PH n. H.
91 advl. H (1).
9 P9 P|| vi. + U-+ U-(+-.
9 H n. .
9 H| vi. "-
2
;
vi. --.
9 H| vt. "-+.

M

4 |1| n. -.
4 d1 n. +.
4 4 n. ";
n. : .
441| n. + .
441| n. z .
4 "| vi. +-.
4| vi. U-.
4| vc. UU-, see: U-;
vt. H"U- (1).
4s adj. ".
4s| adj. U;
adj. UF, see: U .
4( n. .
4| vi. -H-, see: -+-;
vt. -+-.
4d|P num. U.
4d adj. ".
4dH| vi. :-H-, see: :-+-;
vt. :-+-.
4 "| vi. H--.
4|H|P num. .
4|P| num. "U.
413 n. "";
n. .
41|Pd| n. -;
n. U5.
4(d1 num. "z.
4(, 4( n. U.
4(| vi. -.
MR5% WX4/%
Hindi - Gondi 177
4(1| adj. '";
adj. ', see: '".
4(|1 n. U.
4(3
adjl. U;
adjl. ";
adjl. ;
adjl. " ();
advl. .
4| P 1| n. ";
n. .
4|(P num. U.
4| n. ;
n. +.
4|H| n. +.
4|3 41| vt. (+-.
4|d adv. H".
4|d P advl. H (2).
4|dH n. !.
4| num. "-.
4|| n. H.
4|1, 4|1| n. +;
n. "+;
n. ;
n. + (G).
4|1( num. .
4|1H n. .
4|H n. + .
4|H4 n. +;
n. ;
n. H, see: H.
4|H| n. '.
4|H n. + .
4| num. -.
4|P num. U.
41| vt. + + -, see: + .
4"|s| vt. U-+-, see: U.
4 U n. Hq.
4|4| n. .
4H4 H clitic. ".
4|H n. "";
n. %.
4|H| vt. "-.
4|P num. U.
4 D|1 n. "(+.
4 || n. -, see: .
4 @ n. (.
4 | vt. U-.
4 1| adjl. U.
4 H|| vt. + "-.
4| vt. H-.
4 | vt. -.
4|H| vt. z-.

W

H1 n. -z-.
H1P|| vt. U-+-.
H|s| n. + /;
n. U;
n. ".
H|" n. U;
n. .
H|H| n. "+ .
H|H n. "(".
H|| n. "z.
H s| n. .
H"|| vt. z-
2
.
H| attr. ;
attr. ;
clitic. ".
H n. +&.
H 3 n. ".
H | vt. (U-.
H H| vi. -H-;
vt. H "-.
HH|, HH|| vt. z-.
Hs| n. " -;
n. ".
H P n. z H/.
H|1 n. (-U-, see: (.
H4| vi. Hz-.
:,"BZ#[% I%A 45/%
178 Hindi - Gondi

:

P "HP | n. .
P d1 n. ";
n. H.
P41 n. H8".
P4| n. H;
n. -.
P4 n. ;
n. H
1
.
PUH| n. ;
n. H" (H-);
n. H-.
PU H n. 7;
n. ".
PH4 3 adjl. HI.
P3H4 n. .
P1| vi. U-.
P1|s| vi. -;
vt. "-+-.
PH|H n. + .
P(c c adj. +4, see: +;
adjl. UU.
P(|| n. Hz-.
P| n. ".
P|| n. +!.
P|1| vt. +H-+-;
vt. "+-.
P'| n. .
P|( adj. ".
PH| vi. -H-;
vt. +-.
PH|| vt. H-+-.
P|| vt. + z-.
P - n. H, see: U-.
P n. H(1.
P ' n. H (1).
P s| vc. &U, see: -;
vi. -.
P 1d| P d| n. + .
P "| n. "8.
P ? 4H adj. +-.
P s| vt. +-
2
.
P6 3 adj. U, see: U-.
P4 n. .
PH n. ;
n. ;
n. H".
PH| n. "$.
P|| adj. U;
adj. ;
adj. ;
adj. .
P|3| n. H.

I

) corr. .
( pron. .
|d n. ".
|d 41| vi. z -+-, see: z .

5\''%5 \'1
Hindi - Gondi 179
5

1|1 n. .
1P|| vc. ", see: -.
1P|( n. +-, see: +-.
11 P| n. - .
1|( n. +";
n. H.
1|H| n. ".
1|| n. .
1|( n. .
adj. + U.
| n. !".
F( n. +U.
F| n. .
1 "| vi. -(+-.
1|4| vi. "-;
vt. U-.
1|H adv. ", see: ".
1|| n. ";
n. U.
1|| vi. -.
1|| vt. U -;
vt. U-+-.

B

H "s| adj. 8.
H "s|| vi. + -.
H"| vi. U-.
H"|| vt. z-;
vt. !-+- (1).
H"|P n. " .
H4| vi. 1"-J"--.
H'| n. ";
n. U.
Hs4 n. , see: ;
n. H , see: H.
Hs| vc. &U-.
H3| n. .
H|H n. H-.
H|3 n. .
H|d| vt. %--.
H|| vt. --, see: -U-;
vt. -.
H|H adj. 8".
H|H n. U-.
H7 ppnl. U;
ppnl. U.
H| vt. z-+-.
H| vt. "-+-.
H|4 n. +;
n. ".
H|" n. "+.
H|(| n. +q.
H|(|1 n. U.
H|| vc. HU-, see: H-;
vi. H-.

'

H| n. .
(| adv-ppn. 8".
| n. (1).
|d n. H .
n. +.

URA ] '%A
180 Hindi - Gondi
U

H(d n. +--", see: +.
H(1 n. -".
H4|3 n. .
H 41| vt. U&-+-.
H F n. H.

Z

P H|| vt. H-+-.
P |1| vt. U7-+-.
P d4 n. ;
n. U.
P 4 n. U?+ (U+).
P adj. ?".
P | adj. U.
Ps4 n. U.
P3(d1 num. Uz.
Pd1 num. U.
Pd|(P num. UU.
Pd| num. U0"-.
Pd| num. U-.
Pd|P| num. U0"U.
P( num. U$.
P9 d adj. 7.
P4 pron. U";
pron. U", see: U".
P1P num. UU.
PH|( n. UU- (2).
PP 1 n. H".
P|s n. +.
P| n. U;
n. U (U).
P| num. U.
P|3 num. " ".
P| n. ".
P|P| n. UH-.
P|1| post. ?-.
P|H n. U.
P|(P n. z"H.
P (, H1 n. z.
P4 4| n. +;
n. .
P3|1| n. U++ .
P1 n. .
P|" n. +.
P||, P|| vt. +-.
P| n. U-.
P|| n. + + (U).
P|| adv. -.
P d1; P d13| adj. U, see: U.
P H1 n. (.
P |1 n. U-.
P | vt. U "-, see: U.
P adj. , see: -.
P | vc. U-, see: -.
P H| vi. "-.
P 1H n. (.
P 3|H|P num. UU.
P 3|P num. U U.
P|| vi. -;
vi. U-+-.
P|| vi. -H-;
vi. H-.
P|H( num. U.
1 4 H n. U.
1 3 n. .
1 |(| n. U".
1 |d n. U.

R! Z/% ^R_:9
Hindi - Gondi 181
R

(P| vt. +-.
(P| n. U.
(c| vt. H"-.
(1 P|H advl. U.
(1| advl. z.
(1|| vt. -&U-.
(H n. -;
n. U.
(| int. z (z , z).
(| n. + ".
(|| n. "-.
(P3 n. U" .


1. The physical universe 1.1.3.4. Snow, ice
Semantic Category Listing 183
1. The physical universe
1.1. Sky
oc n. sky. Tel: csc:. Hin: H 41.
1.1.1. Objects in the sky
1.1.1.1. Sun
e -c- vi. to dawn.
cc_ n. shade. Tel: c. Hin: U||.
co_' ``c n. the time of sun rise.
.C2 n. dawn. Hin: H|3.
.C Do- vi. to dawn.
``c n. sun. Tel: ôa_c:. Hin: P1H.
``c -.--C n. daybreak, sunrise.
Hin: H|1.
co-co-c- vi. to dawn.
oc n. sunlight. Tel: Joc.
`D n. shadow. Tel: c. Hin: U||.
``c - vi. to set (sun), go away,
disappear, run away.
Tel: `òoc.
1.1.1.2. Moon
cLy n. new moon.
cLy^:' -e advl. on the day of the
new moon.
on` n. moon. Tel: coc: c:. Hin: |d.
-co cò vi. the moon appeared.
-co (cco) n. moon. Tel: coc: c:.
Hin: |d.
.y-s n. full moon. Tel: .yo c.
1.1.1.3. Star
^:s_o n. star. Tel: c:s_c:; <oo.
Hin: P3|1|.
1.1.3. Weather
cc:- vi. to be cold (of weather),
when the heat recedes.
1.1.3.1. Wind
oc- vi. to blow away.
ce_C n. whirlwind, tornado.
Hin: 4|| .
Lc n. wind, air, spirit. Tel: n0.
Hin: .
1.1.3.1.1. Blow air
oc- vt. to fan air (for a fire, or to
cool someone or thing).
o_- vi. to fan.
1.1.3.2. Cloud
e` n. cloud. Tel: c;o. Hin: 4|dH.
1.1.3.3. Rain
sc-.e n. rainbow.
Tel: =occ<:^:_. Hin: 5.
eL n. rain drop.
. n. rain. Tel: Lo c:; c<.
Hin: 4|1H.
.-nc:o n. the rainy season,
monsoon. Tel: Lo scc:.
.-o n. rainwater.
c n. dew.
Do/ n. start of rainy season (in
June).
c:^ n. monsoon. Tel: oaoa.L<o.
Ô n. umbrella. Tel: n`c:n:. Hin: U|.
1.1.3.4. Snow, ice
sC-coc n. hail stone.
n-coc n. hail. Hin: HH|.
1. The physical universe 1.2.2.2. Rock
184 Semantic Category Listing
1.1.3.5. Storm
c:occ n. storm. Tel: n0 c<.
1.1.3.6. Lightning, thunder
no -c- vi. to thunder. Hin: "1H|.
O-O n. thunderbolt. Tel: .c:n:.
Dc:_s-c:c:_s adj. flashing.
Tel: coa^:e.
Dc_- vc. flash of light (as in
lightning, or glow worms).
Tel: coa^: oc. Hin: P4|.
Dc_LC n. lightning.
1.1.3.7. Flood
e^ n. flood. Tel: Loc. Hin: 3 9|.
1.2. World
1.2.1. Land
-0 n. ground.
1.2.1.1. Mountain
ec n. mountain path, steep
downward slope.
n:e n. hill. Tel: sòc. Hin: (|s.
cc n. mountain path, steep upward
slope.
ce n. mountain. Tel: n:e . Hin: (|s;
(|s|.
1.2.1.3. Plain, plateau
.c n. plain, meadow, cleaned-up
place. Tel: en. Hin: F|.
cLy n. field. Tel: <:. Hin: 3.
1.2.1.4. Valley
sò1 n. valley. Tel: .c o. Hin: ||.
c'c n. valley. Hin: ||.
1.2.1.5. Underground
s:c n. well. Tel: cD. Hin: 4 H.
nc n. hole. Tel: oocc:. Hin: U d.
cc n. pit. Tel: còc. Hin: "3 .
-0 n. ditch, trench. Hin: "$|.
coo n. cave. Tel: n:o. Hin: |(.
1.2.1.6. Ecosystem
c n. jungle, forest. Tel: ccD.
Hin: H"H.
loc n. 1 large forest.
2 place where the god
'jangubai' lives.
.cc n. wilderness, barren area.
Hin: 4|4|.
1.2.2. Matter
s- c`c n. dark (black) soil - ideal
for growing cotton. Tel: <c ce .
1.2.2.1. Soil, dirt
e-_ n. sand. Hin: 4|H .
Ds n. mud (often used in pl.).
Tel: c:oc. Hin: 4|s.
c:c n. dust. Tel: c:c:. Hin: H.
c:o n. dust. Tel: c0. Hin: H.
c` n. clump of earth (as in soil).
c`c n. dry earth, ground, clay, or
mud. Tel: ce . Hin: P'|.
c:c_ n. dust, dirt. Tel: c:c:. Hin: H.
.c_2 adj. wet soil, almost muddy.
c:s_ n. fine particles. Tel: .oc (`c).
c n. dirt on skin. Tel: cc.
1.2.2.2. Rock
s`C coc n. big rock.
cs n. small stone. Tel: D<_ cocc:.
Hin: 3 1.
no` e -coc n. flint stone.
` coc n. large slab of stone
(typically used as a place for
bathing or laundry, also used as
part of a trap for rats).
1. The physical universe 1.3.4. Be in water
Dò-coc n. kind of rock (usually
white, sometimes black).
coc n. rock, stone. Tel: coc.
Hin: '|.
1.2.2.3. Metal
sD_ n. iron, steel, sword.
Tel: =<:c:. Hin: H|(|.
sD_-e:s n. steel piece used with flint.
so n. silver. Tel: coc . Hin: |d|.
o/-. - vi. to rust.
.oa c adj. brass. Tel: =o c . Hin: |3H.
- n. lead.
1.2.2.4. Mineral
``c n. salt. Tel: e._. Hin: P4.
1.2.2.5. Jewel
O n. pearl. Hin: P|3|.
co n. diamond.
1.2.2.6. Solid, liquid, gas
o n. water. Tel: oa. Hin: ||.
1.2.2.8. Oil
o n. oil. Tel: <- . Hin: 3H.
1.3. Water
ce o n. boiled (cooked) water.
o n. water. Tel: oa. Hin: ||.
1.3.1. Bodies of water
s`_ n. deep pool.
co' n. deep pool in a stream.
Tel: cc:n:.
1.3.1.3. River
s:cc n. river, large stream. Tel: cn:.
Hin: d|.
non n. Ganges (stream in Utnur
Taluk), river. Tel: <c (non).
c`D n. whirlpool. Tel: ^:c.
-c_ n. brook, rivulet. Tel: D<_cn:.
1.3.1.4. Spring, well
C n. underground water (like a
spring, or stream). Tel: cc:.
c:c_- vi. to spring up, gush out.
1.3.2. Movement of water
```è n. bubble.
D- vi. to splash.
c- vi. to leak profusely. Hin: |.
^c- vi. to run, drip. Hin: d|s|.
-c_- vi. to sprinkle. Tel: D<:s:c:
Lc:_e.
1.3.2.1. Flow
``- vi. to flow, drown, wash away,
overflow. Hin: 4(|.
1.3.2.2. Pour
c`- vt. to scoop liquid in order to
transfer to a different container.
o`_- vt. to bale out.
Lc- vi. to leak. Hin: |.
cc - vt. to pour out.
1.3.3. Wet
<L- vt. to make wet.
-oc- vi. to get wet, become wet, to be
soaked.
.yL-2 vt. to wet. Hin: H"||.
.y- vi. to get wet, be wet.
Tel: oc:c:e.
1.3.3.1. Dry
ce -c- vi. to evaporate, to dry up
(river, etc). Tel: Joc``Lcc:.
Lo- vi. to dry up, be dry.
1.3.4. Be in water
c:c- vi. to tip over, be immersed.
Hin: s 4||.
1. The physical universe 1.5.1. Tree
1.3.6. Water quality
OsC o n. clean water. Tel: ecc<
oa.
-c o n. yesterday's water.
1.4. Living things
cLys n. life. Hin: H|.
1.5. Plant
.oe n. crop, harvest.
.y n. flower. Tel: .yLy_c:. Hin: 9 H.
oòc n. weed. Tel: sc:.y.
Hin: 13|1.
c0 n. kind of creeper. Hin: H3|.
1.5.1. Tree
c0 (co ) n. peepal tree. Tel: oD
(e: ). Hin: s.
= (co ) n. gul-mahua tree. Tel: =._
(e: ). Hin: s.
ec_e n. date palm. Tel: o oc:.
e-o_ (co ) n. kind of tree (the roots
of which are used for curing
snake bite).
so (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
sc (co ) n. kind of tree.
sD 0o (co ) n. a variety of margosa
the leaves and the bark of
which are used in medicine.
Tel: c. ( e: ).
s:cc (co ) n. gourd-bearing tree.
Hin: s.
so (co ) n. plantain tree. Tel: coe
( e: ). Hin: s.
s` (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
sò_ (co ) n. bhilwa tree. Tel: c
(e: ). Hin: s.
n:o (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
n:c:C co Tel: c:oa (e: ).
n`c 0o (co ) n. curry-leaf tree.
;-_ (co ) n. kind of tree,
oleander.
Dce (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
L (co ) n. guava tree. Tel: c
(e: ).
eo_ (co ) n. behera tree. Hin: s.
cco (co ) n. kind of tree. Tel: D
(e: ).
cc (co ) n. a very tall palm tree
from which country liquor is
extracted. Tel: ce (e: ).
oac_ (co ) n. babul tree. Tel: oac
(e: ). Hin: s.
oaD (co ) n. ebony tree. Tel: oa_
(e: ). Hin: s.
oa0_ (co ) n. sacred Tulsa tree.
Tel: oa0_ (e: ). Hin: s.
cs (co ) n. teak tree. Tel: es: (e: ).
Hin: s.
cò (co ) n. glomerous fig tree.
Tel: cc (e: ). Hin: s.
cc (co ) n. silk-cotton tree,
cc (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
-oC (co ) n. coconut tree. Tel: s`c_o
(e: ).
-0 (co ) n. kind of tree. Tel: e-o
(e: ). Hin: s.
`s (co ) n. fig tree. Hin: s.
`coc (co ) n. ray tree. Tel: c c:
(e: ). Hin: s.
.o (co ) n. kind of tree.
1. The physical universe 1.5.1. Tree
``.o (co ) n. papaya tree.
Tel: c``_o (e: ). Hin: s.
`ò_ (co ) n. kind of tree. Tel: .os
(e: ).
``c` (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
cc (co ) n. babul tree. Tel: coc
(e: ). Hin: s.
O o (co ) n. lemon tree. Tel: c
(e: ).
Oco (co ) n. ash tree. Hin: s.
co0 (co ) n. the banyan tree.
Tel: oD (e: ). Hin: s.
con (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
co_ (co ) n. mango tree.
Tel: cDc (e: ). Hin: s.
c (co ) n. saj tree. Tel: cc (e: ).
Hin: s.
co n. tree. Tel: e: . Hin: s.
co_ (co ) n. Bengal quince, 'bel'
tree. Tel: coc: (e: ). Hin: s.
D-c (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
c: (co ) n. flame of the forest tree.
Tel: c:n: (e: ). Hin: s.
c:c (co ) n. Indian horse-radish
tree.
o`D (co ) n. tree under which people
habitually rest on a journey.
Tel: D oO (e: ). Hin: s.
0oc (co ) n. lemon tree. Tel: c
(e: ).
0o (co ) n. neem' tree. Tel: c. (e: ).
coc (co ) n. 'jamun' tree.
Tel: cc -oc: (e: ). Hin: s.
coc_ (co ) n. kind of tree similar to
eugenia jambolana.
Lc (co ) n. banyan tree. Tel: co e: .
cc_ (co ) n. kind of tree. Tel: Oo'
e: . Hin: s.
c0_ (co ) n. silk-cotton tree.
ôc (co ) n. kind of citrus tree.
Tel: -o e: .
^`è (co ) n. chickoo tree. Tel: ^`è
(e: ).
`c (co ) n. kind of tree especially
used during marriage
ceremony. Hin: s.
`Lo (co ) n. kind of tree much used
for firewood. Hin: s.
-o.c (co ) n. custard apple tree.
Tel: -c;co (e: ).
- o0 (co ) n. kind of tree. Hin: s.
- o (co ) n. tamarind tree. Tel: Doo
(e: ). Hin: s.
-O (co ) n. date palm.
-oc (co ) n. kind of tree from which
country liquor is make. Tel: eo
(e: ). Hin: s.
^:o 0oc (co ) n. kind of lemon
tree. Tel: c (e: ).
ô (co ) n. churni tree, oblique-
leaved jujube. Hin: s.
-o0 (co ) n. kind of banyan tree
without aerial roots.
-o_ (co ) n. chironji tree.
Tel: o e: . Hin: s.
1. The physical universe 1.5.3. Grass, herb, vines
coas (co ) n. gul-mahua tree.
Tel: =._ (e: ). Hin: s.
co`c (co ) n. kind of tree (fruit
used for making black dye).
Tel: sos_o. Hin: s.
co 0 (co ) n. kind of tree. Tel: -c
Doo.
1.5.2. Bush, shrub
s.y n. cotton. Tel: .O . Hin: F(.
s`c `L n. a thorn bush.
Tel: c`cc:c:. Hin: "|F.
c n. shrub.
-oòc n. castor plant.
-oa0 n. cow-itch plant. Tel: cc nòc.
1.5.3. Grass, herb, vines
cocc n. rosella.
cc n. potato. Tel: cc: nc . Hin: HH.
e0 n. onion. Tel: e0 nc .
e coc n. sugar cane. Hin: (4.
so_-c n. kind of grass used for
brooms.
so_ n. watermelon. Tel: so_.
ss n. cucumber. Tel: c^so.
Hin: |1|.
ss0 (-c ) n. kind of grass. Hin: |P.
s:oc (-c ) n. kind of grass. Hin: |P.
s:c n. cucumber. Tel: c^so.
Hin: |1|.
sò n. thistle. Tel: c:c ``c.
Hin: 3 4|1|.
sò n. bean. Tel: Ds:_c:.
no_ (c ) n. a kind of grass.
n`c_ n. corn of paddy.
n`L_ n. wheat (pl.).
n`c n. generic word for cabbage.
l-c (-c ) n. kind of grass.
Hin: |P.
c:s (-c ) n. kind of grass. Hin: |P.
L-n`L_ n. barley (pl.). Tel: co .
Hin: H|.
e n. kind of bean. Tel: c<:c:c:.
c n. grass. Tel: nc . Hin: |P.
oc .y n. kind of flower. Tel: coO
.yLy_c:.
`<_ n. millet. Tel: `<_c:. Hin: H||1.
Osc (-c ) n. kind of grass from
which scented oil is extracted.
co_ (c ) n. kind of grass, the root of
which is a fragrant bulb.
.yo_ n. kind of gourd used for
making dishes, spoons, bottles,
musical instruments.
Tel: `òso.
.os n. rice (pl.). Tel: Oo_c:.
Hin: |H.
c`c c n. small wild gourd.
coc n. ladies-finger vegetable
(okra). Tel: coc so. Hin: Hs|.
cc n. tomato. Tel: ece.
cs_o/ n. maize. Tel: cs_c:.
cc_ (-c ) n. kind of grass. Hin: |P.
co_0 (-c ) n. kind of grass.
Hin: |P.
o' n. bamboo (thin variety).
Tel: cc:oasos. Hin: 44.
c^' n. garlic. Tel: Jc ò.
cc n. bamboo (thick variety).
Tel: cc:oa. Hin: 44.
1. The physical universe 1.5.6. Growth of plants
^c_ n. coriander. Tel: sÒo.
-oc (-c ) n. kind of grass.
Hin: |P.
-c_ (-c ) n. kind of grass. Hin: |P.
1.5.4. Moss, fungus, algae
n:L n. mushroom. Tel: n`c:cc:.
. n. kind of green slime in water
or on stone, moss.
1.5.5. Parts of a plant
cs n. leaf. Tel: cs:. Hin: d|.
sc_ n. dried stalks of millet, etc
used as fodder. Tel: `._.
soo n. bud of flower.
soO n. twig. Tel: s`c.
sc1 n. dried stalk (waste).
s. n. shell of a mahua flower.
s:o_ n. chaff.
oe n. dried stalk (used as a broom,
or for firewood).
oc n. branch of a tree. Tel: s`c.
n-_ n. knot in wood, joint between
sections of bamboo.
nc n. the hard interior of a stick or
tree trunk.
c n. cane stick. Hin: Us|.
on n. bloom, blossom.
oc2 n. the flower that stands at the
top of the maize plant.
e`s n. 1 eggshell.
2 shell of crab.
3 stone of fruit.
e`c_ n. point where stem joins fruit.
Tel: c`cc.
eò n. stone of fruit (used primarily
for mangoes).
coc n. stalk.
c`C n. skin, hide, bark. Tel: c`c:;
coc:. Hin: |H.
cc n. wool off fruit of 'savri' tree
used for fire making with
'cakmak'.
-c n. log.
ò1 n. aerial root of a banyan tree.
`c n. tender leaf. Tel: cs:.
.o n. straw, fodder, hay.
.c n. seed, stone of fruit (other
than mango). Tel: no.
``c n. skin of fruit, fish, husk.
Tel: `è: .
c:n n. bud of flower.
cs n. shoot of a seed.
c n. tree trunk. Tel: c: ; se .
o`C n. stalk. Tel: s_.
o` n. bark for rope making.
c/o_ (c0) n. a creeper that is
used in curing snake bite.
D n. seed. Tel: Do <c:. Hin: 4|H.
`L n. thorn. Tel: c:c: . Hin: 4|.
-e n. shell of chironji.
-1 n. root. Tel: coa . Hin: Hs.
-' n. head of corn, jowar, etc.
Tel: sos.
=oas n. flowers of the gul-mahua tree
(nm.pl.). Tel: =._ .yc:.
1.5.6. Growth of plants
so n. unripe fruit. Tel: so.
s`c_- vt. to sprout, bud green.
1. The physical universe 1.6.1.1.3. Hoofed animals
D n. immature, young fruit, fruit
just formed after blossom.
oc -c- vi. to collapse, wither, fall.
Hin: (|.
c:c_o n. 1 partially ripe fruit.
Tel: =._.yLy_.
2 mahua flowers that have just
fallen down from the 'hiruk'
tree.
-oc- vi. to take root.
.oc- vi. to ripen.
.oc n. ripe fruit.
`ò-2 vi. to flower. Tel: .y^: oc.
Hin: 9 H|.
`ò_ n. sapling, young tree. Hin: s.
c:D_1 n. fruit of maize.
c_- vi. to grow.
Do- vi. to sprout, become abundant.
ò/- vi. to spread out (plants, etc.), to
stretch something.
`c- vi. to fruit. Tel: soco.
1.6. Animal
-_ n. animal. Tel: ooaLyc:.
ac n. animals, living things.
Tel: ooaLyc:. Hin: H3 .
co_^ n. animals (pl.).
1.6.1. Types of animals
1.6.1.1. Mammal
s:^_Dc n. bat (nocturnam mouselike
mammal). Tel: nO_cc:.
1.6.1.1.1. Primate
s`c n. red-faced monkey. Tel: sÒ.
Hin: 4d1.
nc n. black-faced monkey.
co n. kind of monkey. Hin: 4d1.
1.6.1.1.2. Carnivore
sòcC n. fox. Tel: <s_.
c_C n. jungle cat (panther?).
n:` C n. wolf. Tel: c`cc:. Hin: Hs|.
Do' n. lion. Tel: -ooo. Hin: P(, H1.
Doc n. cheetah, leopard.
c:cC n. tiger. Tel: .y0. Hin: 4|.
ocoC n. wolf. Tel: c`cc:. Hin: Hs|.
-o n. dog. Tel: s:s_. Hin: 4 d|.
Occ n. young tiger. Tel: Doao .y0.
c:o_C n. tiger. Tel: .y0. Hin: 4|.
c:n n. mongoose. Tel: c:on^.
oc n. bear. Tel: cc sc:;
Jc:n:coe. Hin: H|H .
co_c n. cat. Tel: .0 .
`òDcC n. panther.
1.6.1.1.3. Hoofed animals
eec n. camel. Tel: eoe . Hin: 3 .
s:_ n. deer. Tel: sc aos.
s`ccL n. wild horse. Tel: c:._.
`c1 n. 1 horse. Tel: n:o c:. Hin: |s|.
2 horizontal horse-shaped
beam which sits atop a
marriage pole.
3 minature earthenware horse
used for worship.
nc n. donkey. Tel: ncc. Hin: "|;
"d(|.
nò n. deer (gazelle?). Tel: aos.
-C n. horseshoe.
c n. kind of deer or antelope.
.c n. pig. Tel: .oc . Hin: PH1.
.o_ n. calf of cow. Tel: cn; cc.
1. The physical universe 1.6.1.2. Bird
.oo/-sC_ n. cattle (pl.).
Tel: cLyc:; co c:; csc:.
c's:c n. male goat. Tel: cs`òa.
Hin: 441|.
cc_ n. wild sheep. Tel: aos.
cL n. deer. Tel: c:._.
co n. cow. Tel: cLy. Hin: "|.
oc_ n. ram.
o n. elephant. Tel: L<:n:. Hin: (||.
co_ n. buffalo. Tel: co . Hin: HP.
co n. goat. Tel: cs. Hin: 441|.
1.6.1.1.4. Rodent
;- n. bandicoot, large rat.
Tel: .ocs`s:_.
Ds_C n. mouse.
o0 n. rat. Tel: Jc:s. Hin: H.
co_ n. squirrel. Tel: ec:o.
^:o-.c n. porcupine. Tel: Lc:.oc.
^. n. small mouse. Tel: De c:s.
1.6.1.1.6. Anteater, aardvark
eoo n. scaly pangolin, iguana, ant-
eater.
1.6.1.2. Bird
eO n. quail. Tel: .yoc:.e .
e- (.e ) n. kind of bird. Tel: <c . e .
Hin: H|.
ss o n. kind of partridge.
ss (.e ) n. kind of bird. Tel: sc: c
(.e ).
s. (.e ) n. kind of bird. Tel: .;.oa.
Hin: H|.
ssc n. crow. Tel: ss. Hin: 4||.
s:s_ s:D (.e ) n. Indian cuckoo.
Tel: ``co ss.
sè_-.e n. sparrow. Tel: .c:_s.
s` n. hen, fowl. Tel: s`c.
nocC n. kite (bird). Tel: nc .
n:cc n. owl. Tel: nc n:c_.
n`n n. rooster. Tel: s`c.yo. Hin: P"| .
n`. o (.e ) n. common bird.
n (.e ) n. kind of bird. Hin: H|.
ec_ (.e ) n. Indian roller bird.
Tel: `c.e .
ee (.e ) n. crane bird.
e`s_ cc (.e ) n. wood-pecker.
Tel: Lc .e .
cn C n. parrot. Tel: oc Dc:s.
cso n. vulture. Tel: ococ. Hin: "@.
cn` n. eagle, hawk. Tel: cn.e .
òc (.e ) n. rock pigeon, homing
pigeon. Tel: `Lyoc:. Hin: 4431.
.e n. bird. Tel: .;. Hin: H|.
.e -.yoc n. the birds (generic term
meaning all the birds).
.oc (.e ) n. koyal (kind of bird).
Tel: s`sc.
.yoc (.e ) n. bronze-winged dove.
.yoc-cn` (.e ) n. pigeon hawk.
``<c n. kind of pigeon that lives in
the forest. Hin: 4431.
cC n. peacock. Tel: -c0.
D' e`C (.e ) n. stork. Tel: sòn.
on` n. parrot. Tel: Dc:s.
ooC n. vulture. Tel: ococ.
Hin: "@.
oc C n. parrot. Tel: oc Dc:s.
^:o-s` n. kind of jungle fowl.
1. The physical universe 1.6.1.5. Fish
oJc (.e ) n. kind of bird. Tel: nòos.
Hin: H|.
1.6.1.3. Reptile
1.6.1.3.1. Snake
se oC (oo) n. kind of snake with
stripes over the body.
oo n. snake. Tel: `c:. Hin: P|.
c:-n n. kind of snake.
Tel: D<_ooc:nc
Dc.yooc< `c:.
-/-oo n. cobra snake.
Tel: -n:`c:. Hin: |".
.oc (oo) n. kind of snake with
spots on its body.
`ò_ (oo) n. water-snake.
cosòcC (oo) n. kind of snake
that lives in trees.
Tel: c:n:`c:.
cc:oc (oo) n. two headed snake.
Tel: ooc:occ`c:.
c^C n. python. Tel: s`cDc:L.
Hin: HH"1.
-o (oo) n. kind of snake.
Tel: o`òa`c:. Hin: P|.
1.6.1.3.2. Lizard
eoo n. scaly pangolin, iguana, ant-
eater.
cs_ n. lizard. Tel: còc.
s:c cs_ n. house lizard (usually
found within houses). Tel: c0 .
oo cs_ n. snake-like lizard
(usually found outdoors, under
stones, logs etc.).
-o -co n. chameleon.
1.6.1.3.3. Turtle
s`` n. tortoise. Tel: cocc:.
c`c n. tortoise.
D-cC n. tortoise. Tel: cocc:.
1.6.1.3.4. Crocodile
cn n. crocodile. Tel: ^0.
Hin: P41.
1.6.1.4. Amphibian
<-.- _ n. kind of small brown toad.
.-_ n. frog. Tel: s._. Hin: P4.
1.6.1.5. Fish
se c (D') n. kind of fish. Tel: c .
s:c_ (D') n. kind of fish. Tel: cc:n:
(.).
sè_C (D') n. kind of fish. Tel: c .
c n. fresh-water shrimp. Tel: oò_.
e._ (D') n. kind of fish (flat).
Tel: c:c .os.
-o (D') n. a kind of fish that has a
razor-like like back. Tel: ..
``c (D') n. kind of fish.
cè n. kind of fish. Tel: ..
Hin: PUH|.
cc_o (cc_) n. kind of small
fish (sg.). Tel: <c ..
cc__ n. kind of small fish (pl.).
Tel: <c .c:.
cco (D') n. kind of fish. Tel: .
.oa. Hin: PUH|.
D' n. fish. Tel: .. Hin: PUH|.
oac (D') n. kind of fish. Tel: ^<_
ac.
D_c (D') n. a kind of fish. Tel: .
.oa.
1. The physical universe 1.6.2. Parts of an animal
-o_ -e (D') n. kind of fish. Tel: .c
ò_ ..
1.6.1.7. Insect
e^:C n. flying ant. Tel: e^:c: .
eco n. a white, large, tick found
mainly on cattle.
ec n. white ant.
sD_-D- n. large green fly.
se <- n. woodworm.
so-.c n. black ant. Tel: <c Dc.
so n. small louse.
se_ n. cockroach.
sos n. silverfish, Silver-grey
wingless insect found in houses
feeding on book bindings and
starched clothing.
s:c_2 n. hornet.
`c3 n. grasshopper.
ncc n. a small black tick found on
cattle, particularly buffaloes.
nò .yc n. kind of centipede (reddish
brown in colour and usually
found in big groups, rarely
alone). Tel: .yoan:.
lo n. bumble bee.
DoC2 n. cricket insect.
Do_C n. kind of insect. Tel: sc:oo.
c n. big jungle fly.
Os n. kind of fly (wasp, or hornet).
<c n. bug.
<:c n. mosquito. Tel: cc.
.yc n. insect, worm. Tel: .yoan:.
Hin: 4|s|.
.yo_ n. louse (lice).
.c n. ant. Tel: Dc.
co-.yc n. glow worm.
Tel: D<:n:oa .yoan:.
D`_ n. scorpion. Tel: cc:. Hin: 4 U .
.oc D`_ n. a reddish coloured
scorpion. Tel: Jo e cc:.
D- n. fly. Tel: en.
-2 n. nit (white louse).
^:`. n. butterfly. Tel: sòc-c:s.
Hin: 33H|.
co o n. kind of insect that bites and
spoils clothes.
1.6.1.8. Spider
n`. o n. spider. Tel: `c.yoan:.
1.6.1.9. Small animals
sòc c:c_o n. water snail.
s n. crab. Tel: Jocso.
Oo n. a blackish centipede. Tel: o .
<c_o n. earthworm. Tel: c<`c:.
-o (-o) n. leech.
c:c_o n. snail.
c' C n. rabbit, hare. Tel: s:occ:.
1.6.2. Parts of an animal
s:o_ n. animal's thigh.
so n. hoof.
soc n. hump.
s`s`_ n. cock's comb.
s` n. horn. Tel: s`c:c:. Hin: P|".
s`- n. slough of snake, the skin that
is cast off.
Oco n. claw, nail. Tel: nòa.
c`s` n. tail. Tel: c`s. Hin: U.
c`C n. skin, hide, bark. Tel: c`c:;
coc:. Hin: |H.
1. The physical universe 1.6.7. Male and female animals
.C1 n. tooth, tusk, fang. Tel: cocc:.
Hin: d|3.
``c n. skin of fruit, fish, husk.
Tel: `è: .
co n. tongue. Tel: -c:s. Hin: H|H.
cc n. udder.
1.6.2.1. Parts of a bird
c`c n. beak, mouth. Tel: -oa.
c:c n. rear, or tail of bird.
co n. feather. Tel: es; o`cc:.
coC n. wing. Tel: os_. Hin: .
co n. egg (sg.). Tel: n:c: . Hin: H s|.
1.6.2.2. Parts of a reptile
;c n. hood of cobra.
1.6.2.5. Parts of small animals
e`s n. 1 eggshell.
2 shell of crab.
3 stone of fruit.
1.6.3. Animal life cycle
.c n. young of animal. Tel: .c .
`ò n. young one of animal.
Tel: s`c.c .
1.6.3.1. Egg
s- vt. to hatch.
e`s n. 1 eggshell.
2 shell of crab.
3 stone of fruit.
c- vt. to lay (eggs), put down,
apply.
1.6.4. Animal actions
se1 n. sting of the bee.
s`_- vt. to gnaw, bite.
nc-`- vi. to lie in coils (snake, rope).
1.6.4.1. Animal movement
.o- vi. to fly. Tel: Jnooc. Hin: 3s|.
``c-c- vi. to swim (animals).
co n. a kick. Tel: sc: cc_. Hin: H|3.
1.6.4.2. Animal eating
coJ' n. 1 water mixed with chaff,
etc given to animals for
drinking.
2 a wooden tub for holding
water given to animals.
3 food scraps fed to cattle.
OL- vt. to feed. Hin: H|.
co- vi. to graze. Hin: 1|.
cL- vt. to cause to graze. Hin: 1|.
oò_- vi. to chew cud; ruminate.
1.6.4.3. Animal sounds
s- vi. to crow.
n:o-c- vi. to growl. Hin: "1| |.
cs-c- vi. to roar. Hin: d(|s|.
-L_- vi. to bellow. Hin: 1H||.
oò- vi. to hum, buzz. Tel: c c:.
Hin: ""||.
1.6.5. Animal homes
nc n. nest. Tel: .;nc:. Hin: |PH|.
.yO n. anthill. Tel: `c: `è .
c:c n. hole (nest) in a tree used by a
wood-pecker or owl.
1.6.6. Animal group
so n. flock of birds. Tel: .e c
n:o.y. Hin: H|| 4| $s.
1.6.7. Male and female animals
s:o n. bull calf. Tel: sos.
sòC n. wild boar. Tel: s`c:c:.
s`-`ò n. young fowl, chicken.
Tel: s`c.c .
s`-`ò n. pullet, young hen.
sòc n. bull. Tel: Jc: . Hin: P|s.
2. Person 2.1. Types of people
cn o n. male samba. Tel: c:._.
c:c n. young of a buffalo.
Tel: co c`s:_.
oc s` n. young hen, pullet.
.c n. cow calf, heifer. Tel: cc cc.
èo `ò n. young of a goat or a
sheep (f.). Tel: cs .c .
c's:c n. male goat. Tel: cs`òa.
Hin: 441|.
c'sc .c n. male young of goat or
sheep. Tel: cs`òa (.c ).
c'co n. a bull dedicated to the
temple to be worshipped.
oc_ n. ram.
Ln n. male buffalo (m.).
oo C n. female buffalo.
2. Person
2.1. Types of people
cne` n. man from there.
con:' so C n. lazy man.
co`_C n. lazy man.
soc n. boy. Tel: cc:c:; s:coac:;
.c cc:. Hin: 4|H4.
seC n. lame man, disabled, cripple.
se n. lame woman. Tel: s:oe .
nc_1 n. an abusive word for a bad
person.
n-C n. dwarf. Tel: ncc:.
c:cs-c:cs n. a person who
habitually goes from one house
to the next gossiping.
'_ n. people (pl.). Tel: .c:.
Hin: H|".
O n. caste, kind, sort. Tel: s:cc:.
Hin: H|3.
cocC n. good-for-nothing person.
-e_ n. villager (nm.).
-e`_ n. villager (m.).
.cC n. boy, son. Tel: s`c:s:; cc:c:.
Hin: 4|H4.
.c n. girl. Tel: soaoa; c0s.
Hin: Hs4.
cccc_C adj. wild man, savage,
thug, terror. Hin: H"H|.
co<C n. man. Tel: cc . Hin: HdP|.
c C n. newborn boy.
Tel: D<_n`.. Hin: 4|H4.
c n. newborn girl. Tel: D<_
cc`.. Hin: Hs4.
coc n. idle person, lazy.
csC n. man or boy (used with
contempt).
co - C n. 1 a man who is
always with the ladies.
2 a man with a female
complexion.
co - C n. 1 a man who is
always with the ladies.
2 a man with a female
complexion.
co n. guest (f.).
2. Person 2.2.3. Arm, leg
ccc n. woman. Tel: - . Hin: H13.
-cc-Doc n. young girls.
coc n. a person who performs
human sacrifices.
Tel: <oooos:c:.
2.2. Body
cocC n. body. Tel: ooc:. Hin: 3.
2.2.1. Head
sc n. eye. Tel: s<:_. Hin: H.
sc-sòc n. eyebrow. Tel: s<:_ c`c.
s. n. forehead. Tel: <:c:oa.
Hin: P||.
s D_ n. ear. Tel: D; so c:. Hin: 4|.
sò_ n. cheek. Tel: o.. Hin: "|H.
no ' n. nape (back of the neck).
n n. eyeball. Tel: s<:_ nc.
n:c: n. adam's apple. Tel: nòoas;
soocc.
n:c_ n. lobe of the ear. Tel: nc.
le n. throat. Tel: cc. Hin: "1d.
D. n. dried rheum of eye, dry nose
mucus, dry secretion.
Tel: soecc.
oc n. head. Tel: oc. Hin: P1.
cc_ n. chin. Tel: nc_cnc:. Hin: $ s|.
c`c o/-c- vi. the tonsils (pl.) have
come.
cc n. jaw. Tel: cooc:.
.C1 n. tooth, tusk, fang. Tel: cocc:.
Hin: d|3.
`. 1 n. uvula. Tel: cOao_.
Doc n. eyelash. Tel: s<:_ o._.
s`_o n. face. Tel: o. Hin: P.
`` n. nose. Tel: c:s:_. Hin: |4.
co n. tongue. Tel: -c:s. Hin: H|H.
cc n. neck. Hin: 4 .
-D n. lip. Tel: .cD. Hin: H1.
c o n. gum, socket of a tooth.
2.2.2. Torso
coC n. chest. Tel: o`c:; O.
Hin: Pd4 .
sc n. buttock. Tel: .o.
so n. spine.
c n. anus. Tel: n:c . Hin: "d|.
coc_ n. back, trunk. Tel: oo c<:s
cnc:. Hin: |.
cc n. lower abdomen.
cc n. breast of woman. Hin: P 3.
<c n. waist, barrel (of gun).
Tel: <c:c:. Hin: 4P1.
. n. pregnant stomach, (womb?).
Tel: no_c:.
.e n. stomach. Tel: sc:.y.
.oc n. anus. Tel: n:c . Hin: "d|.
```` n. lungs.
cò n. nipple. Tel: o`c:.
co c n. rib cage.
c n. navel, bellybutton. Tel: c`c: .
Ò n. chest. Tel: O. Hin: Pd4 .
^:O n. nipple.
-e n. shoulder. Tel: c:c:. Hin: 4 |.
2.2.3. Arm, leg
sc_ n. joint (of limb).
so n. hand. Tel: oc:; oa.
Hin: (|.
cè n. finger. Tel: cc:. Hin: 3 "H|.
2. Person 2.2.8. Internal organs
2.2.3.1. Arm
c^ o -so n. palm of hand.
sO n. armpit. Tel: cos.
s`cL n. receptacle made by joining
both hands.
eòn n. elbow, kneecap.
Tel: c:oo.
oc-so n. palm of hand.
coc n. arm. Tel: co:co.
conc n. wrist.
c:e n. 1 fist. Tel: .cs0. Hin: P'.
2 short handle (of implement,
weapon, whip etc.) that can by
gripped by the fist.
2.2.3.2. Leg
c^ o -sC n. sole of foot. Hin: 74 P|.
sC n. leg. Tel: sv:_. Hin: |".
nòe c`s_ n. ankle. Tel: sc: c`s_.
le n. ankle. Tel: Dccoc. Hin: |.
eòn n. knee. Tel: sc:; s0-
sc:. Hin: |.
cs n. heel. Hin: 7s|.
oc-sC n. sole of feet.
;oo n. thigh. Hin: H|.
,`c n. calf (of leg).
coc n. thigh, lap. Hin: H|.
2.2.3.3. Finger, toe
DC-cè n. little finger.
D_C Lc' n. little finger.
Oco n. claw, nail. Tel: nòa.
cò_C cè n. index finger (lit. the
finger that shows).
.o_ cè n. thumb. Hin: H "|.
c:c cè n. ring finger, second
finger.
2.2.4. Skin
s:o_o n. spot on skin.
e`_ n. spot, blot. Tel: c:s_.
o` n. birthmark(?), mole.
2.2.5. Hair
sC n. hair. Tel: coe: sc:. Hin: 4|H.
e n. 1 frayed end of a rope.
Tel: e: .
2 the tuft of hair remaining
after a head has been shaved.
eo` n. fontanelle, the soft or weak
spot on a child's head.
Tel: o`cc:.
cc n. beard. Tel: nc c:.
c:o_C adj. furry, covered with hair.
c'c_C adj. bald. Tel: ce ocnc.
D-C n. whisker, fin (of fish).
Tel: D^c:.
D-C_ n. moustache. Tel: D`c:.
-eo/ n. pubic hair (pl.). Tel: coac:.
2.2.6. Bone, joint
c`s_ n. bone. Tel: c`s_. Hin: HP .
-0_ n. backbone. Tel: c<:s cnc:.
2.2.7. Flesh
.-_1 n. muscle. Tel: sococ:.
2.2.8. Internal organs
sc n. spleen.
so_ n. intestine.
n:oc so n. internal organ.
ocs n. liver. Tel: so c:.
``c n. insides, entrails. Tel: .n:.
. oc ``c n. bowels. Tel: Jo e .n:.
2. Person 2.3.7. Functions of the stomach
cc n. brain. Tel: ccc:. Hin: dP|/.
-o n. vein. Tel: <oc:.
2.2.8.1. Male organs
c` n. penis.
ooco/ n. testicles. Tel: <_c: soc
ooc: s`0c:.
2.2.8.2. Female organs
. n. pregnant stomach, (womb?).
Tel: no_c:.
.yc n. vagina. Tel: .ys:.
2.3. Body functions
sO -s- vt. to tickle. Hin: "d"d||.
n:Cn:C n. tickle.
n:Cn:C-s- vt. to tickle.
L- vi. to stretch. Hin: 3||.
s` -s- vt. to stretch oneself.
os -s- vi. to hiccup. Tel: Js_v:_.
Lo_s n. yawn. Tel: cL0oc:.
-oao n. 'pins and needles', numbness,
tingling, prickling.
2.3.1. Functions of the eye
2.3.1.1. Weep
cc- vi. to cry, weep. Tel: Lc:_e.
Hin: 1||.
scC n. tear. Tel: s_v:. Hin: HP.
2.3.2. Functions of the ear
sò-sC n. earwax. Tel: Dc' O0.
2.3.3. Functions of the nose
e- vt. to blow nose.
sLe_ n. mucus crust in nose.
c_- vt. to sniff, nuzzle, inhale.
^n' n. sneeze. Tel: oac:.
-_- -s- vi. to sniffle.
-cc n. mucus of the nose. Tel: DDc.
2.3.4. Functions of the mouth
s- vt. to hold between teeth.
s_- vt. to bite, sting.
s`s -s- vi. to cough. Tel: cn: . Hin: |P|.
oaL_- vi. to sneeze. Hin: U4|.
-s- vt. to lick. Hin: ||.
.C_- sO-s- to bite off with the
teeth.
c:- vt. to kiss, nuzzle. Tel: c:c: .
Hin: P|.
Do/- vt. to swallow. Tel: Don:e.
Hin: "H|.
Lo_s-- - vi. to yawn.
2.3.4.1. Spit, saliva
ec - vt. to spit something out (like
seeds from fruit etc.), let fall
from mouth. Hin: 4|.
e_- vi. to spit. Hin: 4|.
e n. spittle. Tel: eD. Hin: 4.
`C n. saliva. Tel: ``c: .
2.3.5. Functions of the heart
cc_-c- vi. to beat (heart).
2.3.5.1. Bleed, blood
-o n. blood. Tel: os c:. Hin: D .
2.3.6. Breathe, breath
-_- vi. to breathe, pant.
c:c - vi. to snore.
2.3.7. Functions of the stomach
ss- vi. to vomit.
so n. hunger. Tel: cs0. Hin: H.
c:- o_-. - vi. to be bloated due to
indigestion.
o`s- vi. to be digested.
2. Person 2.5.4. Weak
2.3.7.1. Defecate, feces
o n. manure. Hin: |d.
.L_- vi. to break wind, to fart.
.o/ n. human excrement.
.C_- vi. to defecate. Tel: coan: cc: .
Hin: |D||.
co '-`ò- vi. to go to toilet (lit.
'field').
2.3.8. Urinate, urine
ec_- vt. to urinate.
eC n. urine. Tel: coc:; ec_.
ce_ n. urine. Tel: ec_.
2.3.9. Sweat
es n. sweat. Tel: ce. Hin: P||.
es -c- vi. to sweat. Hin: P||.
2.4. The senses
2.4.1. See
<c n. a look, or glance. Tel: cc .
Hin: * .
^c- vt. to see, look at. Tel: cc:e.
Hin: d 4|.
2.4.1.1. Look
cc_- vi. to glance. Hin: $|4|.
2.4.1.2. Something used to see
co_ n. mirror. Tel: cc c:. Hin: d .
2.4.2. Hear
so- vt. to hear. Tel: D<:.
2.4.2.1. Sound
nCcc n. children's noise, racket.
-c-`- vt. to resound.
-s- vi. to sound.
co/ n. tone, voice. Tel: sooc:;
onc:.
c-nc advl. with much noise.
^co/ n. sound of a drum. Hin: |H 4|
H|H.
2.4.2.2. Types of sounds
-- n. whistle. Hin: P|.
2.4.3. Taste
so- vi. to be bitter in taste.
so_C adj. bitter. Tel: c:. Hin: 4 ;
4|; 4s|(.
D<o/- vi. to taste sweet.
^c_c n. taste. Tel: oaD_. Hin: P |d.
2.4.4. Smell
;c n. smell. Tel: c^<. Hin: ".
c n. smell. Tel: c^<. Hin: ".
c o o- vt. to smell. Hin: P|.
2.4.5. Sense of touch
cs -c-2 vi. to become numb from
cold.
-oao n. 'pins and needles', numbness,
tingling, prickling.
2.5. Body condition
2.5.1. Tired
cD- vi. to be tired. Hin: 4|.
se c -c- vi. be exhausted, tired.
os_-c- vi. to become very tired,
exhausted.
es_-c- vi. to be wearied (as in old
persons).
De -c n -c- vi. to be tired out.
oe -c- vi. to become tired. Tel: c0-
``Lcc:.
2.5.2. Rest
oò- vi. to rest. Tel: D oO.
2.5.4. Weak
on` vi. to become weak. Hin: d4 H .
2. Person 2.6.6. Treat disease
2.6. Healthy
cocC-. vi. to get fat.
^:c -c- vi. to be well, healthy.
2.6.1. Sick
.c_o/ n. cold (to have a cold).
2.6.1.1. Recover from sickness
c/- vi. to be healed (wound).
2.6.2. Disease
2.6.2.2. Skin disease
sco n. pus.
DoC1 n. ring-worm.
c`c-.yc n. rash, hives.
.y' n. sore, boil, wound. Tel: .yoc:.
``c n. boil, pustule.
,è:_c (``c-s:c) n. 1 chicken pox.
2 insect bites.
c`s- vi. to erupt, to irritate.
2.6.3. Injured
s`L_-2 vt. 1 to gore.
2 to pierce (when having a
tattoo).
;L n. scar.
2.6.3.2. Poison
Ds n. poison. Tel: Dcc:. Hin: .
2.6.4. Disabled
2.6.4.1. Crippled
se n. lame woman. Tel: s:oe .
con C adj. lame. Tel: s:oecc:.
Hin: H"s|.
2.6.4.3. Blind
n:c adj. blind. Tel: n:c . Hin: H |.
cc-cc adjl. blurred.
2.6.4.5. Deaf
c C n. deaf man.
D n. deaf woman.
cc oC adj. deaf (m.). Tel: Decc:.
Hin: 4(1|.
cc adj. deaf (f.). Tel: Deoc:.
Hin: 4(1|.
2.6.4.6. Mute
cs adjl. dumb, mute, person who
cannot speak. Tel: cncc:.
Hin: ""|.
2.6.4.7. Mentally disabled
.`_C n. mad person (m.).
Tel: .D_cc:; .``c:.
.-_ n. mad person (f.).
2.6.5. Symptoms of disease
s`s -s- vi. to cough. Tel: cn: . Hin: |P|.
oaL_- vi. to sneeze. Hin: U4|.
2.6.5.1. Pain
co int. expression of surprise, hurt
or displeasure, ouch!
oc --oc n. headache.
co_C n. 1 pain, ache.
2 person threatening to hit.
-- vi. to hurt.
-oc n. pain. Tel: -._.
2.6.5.2. Fever
oc_ n. fever. Tel: _oc:. Hin: 4D|1.
2.6.5.3. Swell
cò- vi. to swell. Tel: ec_cc:.
Hin: PH|.
ccC n. spot that appears after being
stung by an insect.
``s_ n. swollen area. Tel: ec_cc:.
2.6.6. Treat disease
s. n. scab. Tel: .yoc: .< Joc<
c`c:.
2. Person 2.7.1.2. Wedding
D` n. splint.
c:o -s- vt. to cure a disease.
2.6.6.3. Doctor, nurse
Lo oC n. doctor. Hin: s24 1.
2.6.6.4. Medicine
n`0 n. pill, tablet. Tel: n`0. Hin: "|H|.
co n. medicine, lotion, potion,
drug. Tel: coc:.
``s- vi. to apply, anoint, administer
(medicine).
2.6.6.7. Traditional medicine
cs C n. medicine man who uses
traditional herbal (ayurvedic)
medicines. Tel: .yo.
2.7. Life
2.7.1. Marriage
coc' n. gift (of cattle such as cows,
goats or buffaloes) for marriage
usually from the bride's parents
to the couple.
n. a function when the relatives
of the bridegroom go to the
bride's house for presenting her
a sari before marriage.
-c C n. bridegroom. Tel: Loc:;
.oc s`c:s:. Hin: dH (|.
`c n. second marriage. Tel: è: (2L
.oc ).
co_ n. wife. Tel: co_. Hin: 3 |.
cos n. wives, ladies. Tel: cs_c:.
co _o/ n. marriage ceremony.
Tel: .oc c:.
cc_ n. husband. Tel: co . Hin: 3.
co_ n. love. Hin: |1.
cc n. love. Tel: .c. Hin: |1.
cc-s- vt. to love. Tel: .c c.co.
ccC n. bridegroom, lover (m.).
Hin: dH (|.
co n. wife, woman. Tel: co_; ccc .
Hin: 3 |.
cco n. a function for fixing the
marriage during which
vermilion and an anklet will be
given to the bride by the
bridegroom's party.
^:co C n. mediator of a marriage.
2.7.1.1. Arranging a marriage
co n. a plate with a burning oil
lamp that contains copper
coins, betel nuts, dried coconut
kernel, etc offered at the time
of settling a marriage.
<` n. lodging of bridegroom's
party. Tel: Dcc noc:.
òo/-c`c o/ n. amount (clothes, etc )
given to the bride's father by
the bridegroom.
ò1 n. dowry. Tel: Do_os:c:.
Hin: d( H.
^nc n. a pre-wedding tradition,
ritual or procedure.
2.7.1.2. Wedding
cs_co/ n. rice mixed with vermilion
thrown at a wedding, or on
cattle (e.g. during 'laxmi pooja')
in order to bless.
cc_-``'- vi. to go and fetch the bride
for the wedding ceremony (lit.
don't cry and go).
2. Person 2.7.4.2. Child
marriage pole.
used for worship.
- o/ n. acts of fun.
L- vi. to make jokes at a marriage.
-D n. bride. Tel: Lc:Ly;
.oc soaoa. Hin: dH( .
-D --c C n. bride and groom, the
wedding couple.
ò2 vt. to bless (as in marriage).
ò_s n. the assembly in which the
members of the bride's party
and the bridegroom's party sit
together during marriage.
Tel: Do_os:oc:.
c`Lc n. platform for weddings.
cn_o/ n. betrothal ceremony (pl.)
involving a time of joking (or
spoof negotiating) with the
ladies in the bride's party with
those in the groom's party.
Tel: cn_c:; .oc .
cc n. bride, lover (f.). Hin: dH( .
2.7.1.3. Unmarried
soa's:Lo n. unmarried person
(bachelor, spinster). Hin: 4 |.
ecC n. unmarried young man.
ec n. unmarried young girl.
2.7.3. Birth
-_ n. birth. Tel: .ye:s; ec_Lo.
Hin: H P.
o_'-c- vi. to be born.
.ye_C n. birth. Tel: oc:e.
Hin: H P.
c C n. newborn boy.
Tel: D<_n`.. Hin: 4|H4.
cc`.. Hin: Hs4.
2.7.3.1. Pregnancy
oo ``'- vi. to elope with a man to
marry another man while
having a child.
2.7.3.2. Give birth
sèc n. 1 room, sometimes used to
refer to a side room for women
in childbirth or menstruation.
Tel: nc, 0 .co. Hin: 4P1|.
2 shed for goats.
2.7.3.2.2. Help to give birth
``-ccc n. midwife, lady that
attends to deliveries of babies.
Tel: c- .
2.7.3.4. Multiple births
ocC-oc n. twins (one boy, one
girl).
2.7.3.5. Birth ceremony
`D_ n. naming ceremony.
Tel: .yoac:.
2.7.4. Stage of life
2.7.4.1. Baby
c C n. newborn boy.
Tel: D<_n`.. Hin: 4|H4.
cc`.. Hin: Hs4.
2.7.4.1.1. Care for a baby
OL- vt. to feed. Hin: H|.
oo- vt. to take to lap, take on
shoulder.
2.7.4.2. Child
.s n. children (pl.). Tel: s:coac:.
3. Language and thought 3.1.2.2. Dazed, confused
c:D_2 n. little girl.
-cc-Doc n. young girls.
2.7.4.2.1. Rear a child
.c n. upbringing. Tel: .o.so.
Hin: |H|.
2.7.4.3. Youth
co n. young man. Tel: o:Ls:c:.
co n. young woman. Tel: o:LO.
2.7.4.5. Older person
.c- n. old man. Hin: 1||.
coC n. old man. Tel: c:^0cc:.
coo n. old woman. Tel: c:^cc.
ccC n. old man. Tel: c:^0coa.
ccC`' n. old age. Hin: 4||.
2.7.4.6. Grow, mature
cn c- vi. to grow up.
c:- vi. to grow, to ripen.
c:o n. full grown (nm.).
2.7.5. Male, female
nò C adj. male of animals. Hin: 1.
eè adjl. female of animal. Tel: ccc .
co -Doc n. boys and girls, sons
and daughters (pl.).
2.7.5.1. Man
cocC n. eunuch. Hin: P4.
2.7.6. Die
c:c- vi. to drown, etc. Hin: s 4||;
s 4||.
`- vi. to die. Tel: Lco. Hin: P1|.
`c` adj. dead. Tel: cococ:.
Hin: P6 3.
2.7.6.1. Kill
ce -`- vt. to strangle something (the
way a constricting snake kills
its prey).
soL-s- vt. to kill. Tel: co.ye.
Hin: P|1|.
L_- vt. to kill. Tel: co.y. Hin: P|1|.
o- vt. to murder, finish off.
Hin: (c|.
2.7.6.2. Corpse
s n. dead body. Tel: Lc:.
Hin: P1d| Pd|.
`<C n. corpse, dead man. Hin: H|H.
`- n. corpse (f.).
2.7.6.3. Bury
D- vt. to bury. Tel: còc .e: e.
Hin: d9||.
2.7.6.4. Grave
D n. tomb, grave. Tel: nò.
2.7.6.5. Funeral
ô' n. funeral pyre.
2.7.6.6. Mourn
^D -s- vt. 1 to console.
2 to remove misunderstanding.
3. Language and thought
3.1. Soul, spirit
3.1.1. Personality
còeC adj. talkative. Tel: s:cc: .oa.
3.1.2. Mental state
3.1.2.2. Dazed, confused
cs_-c- vi. to be shocked (by bad
news, etc).
3. Language and thought 3.2.6.1. Forget
3.1.2.3. Lose consciousness
cs_-c- vi. to swoon.
cL- vt. 1 to rouse from sleep.
Tel: c.y.
2 to revive to life.
3 to build.
ô- vt. to become numb, knock out,
deadened.
3.2. Mind
cs n. mind. Tel: c<:^:_.
3.2.1. Think
oc - vi. to think, occur to mind to
come to mind. Hin: P||.
c:s_ coc n. thought. Hin: 3|.
ce - n. idea. Tel: eòc:.
``` n. 1 thinking. Tel: cc'Doc:e.
Hin: 3.
2 advice. Tel: ^co. Hin: PH|(.
`ò-s- vi. to think. Tel: cc'Doc:e.
Hin: P||.
``- -s- vi. to ponder, think over.
cs_o n. contrivance, thought.
Tel: eòc:.
3.2.1.1. Investigate
.y- -s- vt. to question, ask.
Tel: .ocoo o:e.
3.2.1.4. Imagine
so_- vi. to dream. Tel: sc.
3.2.1.5. Intelligent
cs_C n. wisdom. Hin: 4@.
3.2.1.6. Stupid
cc:_e_C adj. foolish. Hin: d4 @ .
3.2.2. Learn
so- vt. to learn. Tel: -oa_s`.
Hin: P||, P||.
3.2.3. Know
oLys n. knowledge. Tel: c0oco.
.yoc- vt. to know, guess. Hin: H||.
cc_ n. knowledge. Tel: .so;
.ococ:. Hin: 5|.
3.2.3.1. Known, unknown
so-c- vi. to be known, understood.
Tel: cc:^:.
cc_-c- vi. to be known, recognized.
Tel: n:oa `<:. Hin: H||.
3.2.4. Understand
^c -c- vi. to be understood.
3.2.4.1. Misunderstand
^D -s- vt. 1 to console.
2 to remove misunderstanding.
3.2.4.3. Meaning
c n. meaning. Tel: co c:.
Hin: P3H4.
3.2.5. Opinion
3.2.5.1. Believe
-o- vt. to trust.
co`^ adj. trustworthy. Tel: <cso.
Hin: 1|.
o' .- vt. to believe.
3.2.5.3. Agree
sc -c- vt. to agree. Tel: e._s`Lco.
Hin: 44H|.
3.2.6. Remember
c:c- vt. to recognize.
cc_-=- vt. to remember, recognize.
coa-s- vi. to remember. Tel: .sc:
o:e. Hin: |d 41|.
3.2.6.1. Forget
cc-c- vi. to forget. Hin: HH|.
3. Language and thought 3.4.1.2. Happy
coao/- vt. to forget. Tel: co_co.
Hin: HH|.
3.2.7. Expect
3.2.7.1. Hope
c-s- vi. to hope.
=-s- vt. to desire.
3.2.7.2. Disappointed
c:s-c:s-c- n. the noise one makes
when disappointed by
something, or upexpectedly
missing something.
3.2.8. True
soc-s-soC n. to be true or not, to
question the truth.
Tel: c^ Lc<.
oC adj. true. Tel: o. Hin: P |.
O-_ adjl. right. Tel: s:c. Hin: d|(|.
3.3. Volition
3.3.2. Request
3.3.2.1. Beg
oC_- vt. to beg, ask for. Tel: cc:n:e.
O_nocC n. beggar (m.).
Tel: cc:s:_-cc:.
3.3.2.3. Give consent
-- vt. to give, allow (with Inf.).
Tel: =Ly_.
3.3.3. Influence
3.3.3.3. Advise
``` n. 1 thinking. Tel: cc'Doc:e.
Hin: 3.
2 advice. Tel: ^co. Hin: PH|(.
3.3.3.8. Threaten
co- vc. to frighten, threaten.
Hin: s1|.
co-s- vt. to warn, or scare away.
3.3.4. Decide, plan
c- vt. to choose.
c`< eC n. choose from these.
Hin: |.
3.3.4.2. Goal
coc- vt. to reach. Tel: coccc:.
`ò -c- vi. to reach. Tel: occ:.
oL- vt. to reach.
3.3.4.5. Choose
.s_-s- vt. to decide, settle.
3.3.5. Willing
3.3.5.2. Stubborn
oc n. perseverance, obstinacy.
3.4. Emotion
L- vi. to be felt, to experience
(hunger, thirst, etc.), to want to.
Hin: H"|.
3.4.1. Positive emotions
3.4.1.1. Like, love
c<oc _-c<oc advl. with great
pleasure. Tel: ôc`co.
s:- adj. liking, happy. Tel: c<oco.
Hin: .
coc n. pleasure. Hin: |d.
coc-c- vi. it is pleasing.
co_ n. love. Hin: |1.
cc n. love. Tel: .c. Hin: |1.
cc-s- vt. to love. Tel: .c c.co.
ccC n. bridegroom, lover (m.).
Hin: dH (|.
cc n. bride, lover (f.). Hin: dH( .
3.4.1.2. Happy
s:`C adj. happy. Hin: H.
s:--s:-c advl. happily.
s:--ncc_ advl. happily.
3. Language and thought 3.5.1.4.2. Greet
nc_o n. happiness, fun. Hin: H.
coc-.- vi. to take pleasure.
3.4.1.2.1. Laugh
sLy- vc. to cause to laugh.
Tel: <Ly_e.
sL- vt. to laugh. Tel: <Ly_. Hin: ( P|.
c:-c:-sL- vi. to giggle.
3.4.1.3. Surprise
s:c:_- -c- vi. to be surprised.
Tel: co.c:e.
3.4.2. Negative emotions
3.4.2.3. Dislike, abhor
sL n. disapprove.
`_- vt. to dislike.
3.4.2.4. Shy, timid
c -c vi. to be shy, ashamed.
Tel: -n: .c:e.
3.4.2.5. Angry
`` n. anger. Tel: s`.c:. Hin: H|.
``c'-c- vi. to become angry.
Tel: s`..ccc:.
3.4.2.7. Fear
co- vi. to be afraid.
co n. fear. Tel: coc:. Hin: s1.
co -. - vi. to take fright.
3.4.2.7.1. Worry
l n. worry, sorrow.
3.5. Communication
3.5.1. Say
=c s ppt. (PPt of 'to say' used to mark
topic or quotation) if-say'.
Tel: coe.
='- vt. to say. Tel: c<:_. Hin: 4(|.
='- vt. to say. Hin: 4(|.
Lc_- vt. to speak, talk. Tel: ce c:.
Hin: 4|3 41|.
cL- vt. to tell. Tel: ._oc. Hin: 4|H|.
3.5.1.1. Voice
cc n. sound. Tel: c c:. Hin: H|H.
3.5.1.1.1. Shout
sc -s- vi. to shout. Hin: $H H||.
s0 - vi. to scream, cry out. Hin: |D|.
c'0 n. noise, racket. Tel: cc o.
3.5.1.1.2. Speak quietly
s:-s:-Lc_- vi. to whisper.
Hin: 9 P9 P||.
3.5.1.1.5. Silent
s:c c'- vi. to be silent.
3.5.1.2. Make speech
3.5.1.2.1. Announce
=c C s- vt. to announce, make known.
3.5.1.4. Speak with others
3.5.1.4.1. Call
s o- vt. to call, summon. Tel: .c:.y.
Hin: 4H||.
c`L- vt. to show, point out.
Tel: c.yc:. Hin: d||.
os-- - vi. to shout, call out.
Hin: $H H||.
3.5.1.4.2. Greet
s0 - vt. to embrace, greet.
coc n. greeting. Hin: PP 4|1.
coc s- vt. to greet.
c: -s- vi. 1 to salute. Tel: Loc<c:;
<c`_oc:.
2 to put hands together to
greet someone (not a
handshake!).
c: -s- vi. 1 to salute. Tel: Loc<c:;
<c`_oc:.
4. Social behavior 4.1.4. Neighbor
2 to put hands together to
greet someone (not a
handshake!).
3.5.1.5. Ask
3.5.1.5.1. Answer
c n. answer. Tel: cc:. Hin: 3d1.
c-- - vt. to answer. Hin: 3d1 d |.
3.5.2. Report
cc clitic. reportative.
co clitic. reportative.
3.5.2.1. News, message
o.o n. news. Tel: co ; sc:oa.
Hin: D41.
o.o-- - vt. to spread news. Tel: co
._e.
3.5.3. Language
sòo/ n. Gondi language. Tel: nòc
cc.
3.5.3.1. Word
n`c n. word, news, matter, language
(in pl.). Tel: cec:. Hin: H||.
3.5.3.3. Name of a thing
`ò`C n. name. Tel: .oa. Hin: |P.
3.5.4. Verbal tradition
3.5.4.1. Fable, myth
c^c n. story, tale. Tel: sc. Hin: 4(||.
3.5.4.3. Riddle
.y'- vt. to solve a riddle.
Tel: ._cc:.
.oc n. riddle. Tel: ``c:.y sc.
.oc .yoc- vi. to guess a riddle.
3.5.5. Reading and writing
3.5.5.1. Write
`òe' n. pen. Tel: scc:.
cc-s- vt. to write. Tel: c o:c:.
Hin: H|.
ò n. ink. Hin: P |(|.
3.5.5.2. Written material
.y^ s n. book. Tel: .y^ so. Hin: 43|4.
3.5.5.3. Read
=`` n. counting. Tel: cs_. Hin: "|.
cD-s- vt. to read. Tel: ccLcc:.
Hin: |.
3.6. Teach
so- vc. to teach. Hin: ||.
3.6.2. School
cs_'-s`c n. piece of chalk.
`c n. school. Tel: cc ; òc.
Hin: P 4 H.
4. Social behavior
4.1. Relationships
cne` n. man from there.
`òos (`òs) n. relationship.
Hin: P4.
4.1.1. Friendship
^ n. friend (m.). Tel: c< cc
s`c:s:.
^` n. friend (f.). Tel: c< cc
soaoa.
``. n. companion. Tel: ôoon.
``. _C, ``. n. friend. Tel: -_c oac:.
4.1.4. Neighbor
soL- n. neighbours. Tel: cn ocoa.
4. Social behavior 4.1.9. Related by kinship
oò-so_ n. neighbour.
Hin: s|P|.
Lc n. neighbourhood, section of
town, colony.
4.1.4.1. Social class
s`D n. a Telugu caste name.
Tel: s`ce`c:.
sò (s`0)2 n. weaver caste.
coc_C n. man of the Harijan caste.
coc_ n. woman of the Harijan caste.
c'c C n. Brahmin. Tel: co<:c:.
c'c n. female Brahmin.
4.1.5. Unity
coc advl. belonging to here.
4.1.6. Disunity
ô adj. torn.
4.1.6.3. Alone
co`<o advl. alone (m.). Tel: es_o-.
Hin: H4 H|.
coò advl. alone (nm.). Tel: es_o<:.
Hin: H4 H|.
4.1.8. Show affection
cD -s-1 vt. to embrace.
s0 - vt. to embrace, greet.
oc -c- vi. to embrace.
c:- vt. to kiss, nuzzle. Tel: c:c: .
Hin: P|.
4.1.9. Related by kinship
cs`_ n. maternal grandfather.
Tel: coo_.
c n. elder brother's wife. Tel: Lc<.
cL_C1 n. mother. Tel: o0 ; cc.
cL_C-cc' n. parents, father and
mother (pl.).
c n. father's mother. Tel: -<c.
cO n. father's sister, mother's
brother's wife. Tel: co c.
ssC n. father's younger brother,
mother's younger sister's
husband. Tel: sso_;
D<_-<_.
ss n. father's younger brother's
wife, mother's younger sister.
Tel: D<_c.
ss` n. mother's mother.
Tel: ccc.
sòoc n. son's wife, daughter-in-
law.
s`s` n. younger brother, also used as
a term or endearment (e.g.
father to son). Tel: oc:c:.
c:c c o n. mother's sister.
c:c ccC n. father's younger
brother.
oòc n. wife's elder sister.
oc:_ n. younger brother.
Tel: oc:c:.
oc:_'-sòoc n. younger brother's
wife. Tel: oc: co_.
cc n. father's father.
Tel: cc(-o< ooc ..).
cc-c:ooC n. elder brother in
law.
ccC n. elder brother. Tel: c<_.
`c 2 n. clan, surname. Tel: =oe.oa.
.yc__C n. brother's son.
.yO_ n. brother's daughter.
4. Social behavior 4.1.9.2. Related by marriage
.. n. fathers elder brother,
mother's elder sister's husband.
Tel: .c -<_.
.o n. mother's elder sister, father's
elder brother's wife. Tel: .c c.
`òc n. mother in law, wife's mother,
husband's mother. Tel: co c.
coc n. brother (not family
members).
co -ccC n. mother and father,
parents.
ce` n. older sister's husband.
Tel: cL.
c_cc n. father's sister's daughter.
ccC n. mother's brother, father's
sister's husband. Tel: cc.
co c_cc n. mother's brother's
daughter.
ooC n. 1 mother's younger sister,
father's younger brother's wife.
Tel: D<_c.
2 maternal aunt. Tel: D<_c.
^n C n. wife's sister's husband.
Tel: ^cs:c:.
^c n. daughter's husband.
Tel: cc: c:.
^c -co n. sister's son. Tel: c ; cs_
s`c:s:.
^c -Doc n. sister's daughter.
-_c: n. wife's younger brother.
Tel: coc.
-_cc n. wife's younger sister.
Tel: cocc:.
-o_c n. younger brother's wife.
4.1.9.1. Related by birth
co -=D_ n. father and son (pl.).
4.1.9.1.1. Grandfather, grandmother
cc-ccC n. ancestors (pl.).
Tel: .yo_s:c:.
cò n. ancestors. Tel: .yo_s:c:.
4.1.9.1.2. Father, mother
coc n. mother. Hin: P| .
ccC n. father. Tel: ooc . Hin: 3|.
cc' n. father. Tel: ooc . Hin: 3|.
co n. mother. Hin: P| .
-o_c-cc_C n. step-mother.
4.1.9.1.3. Brother, sister
os_ n. elder sister. Tel: cs_.
co n. elder sister. Tel: cs_.
-cc n. younger sister. Tel: c .
Hin: 4(, 4(.
-cc-=D_ n. brother and sister.
-L c` n. youngest brother, last son.
-L o n. youngest sister, last daughter.
4.1.9.1.4. Son, daughter
co n. son. Tel: s:coac:. Hin: .
Doc n. daughter. Tel: soaoa.
Hin: |.
4.1.9.1.5. Grandson, granddaughter
oco n. grandson. Tel: Oc s:coac:
c<c:.
oDoc n. granddaughter. Tel: Oc
soaoa c<oc:.
4.1.9.1.7. Cousin
c_c n. male cross-cousin.
4.1.9.2. Related by marriage
o n. spouse's elder sister; elder
brother's wife (used only with
4. Social behavior 4.2.2.1. Ceremony
reference to second and third
persons). Tel: Lc<.
ò_c n. son's or daughter's mother-
in-law. Tel: Do_os: cc.
Oo n. spouse's younger sister.
Tel: co c:.
co co n. husband's brother's son.
4.1.9.2.1. Husband, wife
cccc_ n. husband and wife.
Tel: co_ co .
4.1.9.2.2. In-law
cooC n. father-in-law.
Tel: cco_. Hin: PP1.
4.1.9.3. Widow, widower
ooc n. 1 widow. Tel: LcLoc:.
Hin: |.
2 term of abuse for women or
animals.
4.1.9.7. Non-relative
co C n. guest (m.). Tel: c:e c:.
4.1.9.8. Family, clan
s:e:c_C n. fellow clan member.
Tel: coc:Lyc:.
`cc` n. fellow clan member (m.).
`cc n. fellow clan member (f.).
o`c` n. male member of household.
oò n. female member of household.
^n n. phratry (related to the
number of gods that are
worshipped).
4.1.9.9. Race
oc' n. dynasty, race.
4.2. Social activity
4.2.1. Come together (form a group)
n-O -c- vi. to get crowded.
n`Lc' nèo n. place in the centre
of a village where people meet
(especially for marriages).
4.2.1.2. Encounter
sc- vt. 1 to meet. Hin: PH|.
2 to join.
ce -c- vi. to meet. Tel: sc:^:e.
Hin: PH|.
4.2.1.4. Crowd, group
cocc n. group. Hin: dH.
c's n. people (pl.). Tel: .c:.
4.2.2. Social event
`òJ' n. a big meal together
before guests leave (last
supper).
4.2.2.1. Ceremony
eec n. a pre-marriage ceremony
where turmeric is applied to the
bride and groom.
Tel: Lc:Loacs: o- .^:.y
.oc.
n:`c n. clown (in rituals, in Dandari
festival). Tel: n`ò.
oc n. flag. Tel: oc.
coco n. Gond ritual song and dance.
Tel: <o_ cocc:.
cc_ n. kind of dance. Tel: <o_c:.
-co/ n. kind of agricultural ceremony
(pl.).
.onc n. feast.
c:o_s n. 1 harvest festival (during
which freshly harvested grain is
offered to the ancestors).
2 during the 'divadi' festival a
small pot of rice is prepared
with a burning wick which is
4. Social behavior 4.2.3.5. Musical instrument
placed at the door, and later fed
to the animals.
ooc- vi. to dance. Tel: <o_o.
Hin: ||, |.
^' n. festival. Tel: .oc:n.
^c_ n. feast, banquet.
-c n. 'holi', the festival when
colours are thrown. Tel: o'0.
4.2.3. Music
è1 n. song, tune. Tel: è. Hin: "||.
4.2.3.2. Play music
eL_- vt. to blow (horn).
e n. the side of a drum which is
beaten by hand (rather than
with a drumstick).
o n. kind of stringed musical
instrument.
-s- vc. to play (musical instrument
).
4.2.3.3. Sing
c- vt. to sing. Tel: `c:e. Hin: "||.
4.2.3.5. Musical instrument
so_c n. kind of stringed instrument.
ss n. 3-stringed violin-like
instrument played with bow.
s`c n. 1 stick. Tel: .yc . Hin: Us|.
2 peg of stringed instrument.
3 arrow. Tel: cco. Hin: 3|1.
n. bow of stringed instrument.
n:cc n. small drum. Tel: coc_
L^: Ly .oa.
cc n. drumstick.
òc_ n. musical instrument.
o n. kind of stringed musical
instrument.
e`Le:c n. a musical instrument made
of bamboo which is hit with a
stick. Tel: c_=_ còc:
coc_o.
cL n. tambourine shaped drum.
Tel: c._.
cc_ n. a small double-sided drum.
Tel: cc:oa.
cC n. large drum.
c0_ n. small drum.
c n. 1 wire.
2 web of a spider.
Tel: `cnc:.
3 instrument string.
oaco n. drum. Tel: cos.
oao n. blowing horn. Tel: ecs`c:.
.oo (eoo) n. finger board of
musical instrument.
.. n. kind of woodwind
instrument. Tel: ^-_o.
;o n. small drum.
c'on n. kind of wind instrument that
produces only one note for
accompaniment. Tel: ^-_o.
co n. string (of musical
instrument).
ce n. small drum-like instrument.
Tel: <o_coc_ L^: Ly.
Ô -cC n. kind of drum used for
dances.
^:cc n. bamboo flute. Tel: cc:Ly.
4. Social behavior 4.4.2.6.2. Make a mistake
4.2.4. Dance
sò-3 vi. to bend while dancing.
-ocC n. dancer.
oL- vt. to cause to dance.
4.2.5. Drama
sC n. drama, play acting. Tel: ce.
4.2.6. Entertainment, recreation
s_- vi, vt. to play. Tel: cc:e.
Hin: H|.
4.2.6.1. Game
.c 2 n. point in a game.
4.2.6.2. Sports
s- n. game, match. Tel: ce.
Dc'_ce n. kind of game. Hin: 4|H|.
e. -coc n. kind of game. Hin: "H H|
s s|.
co_- vt. 1 to spare, cause to
remain. Hin: 4|.
2 to cause to win.
covt. to win. Tel: n 0_oc. Hin: H|3|.
4.2.7. Play, fun
`c4 n. stilt.
n:oO n. small bow and arrow.
Tel: Dc: .
n`c n. ball. Tel: n:oc:. Hin: "d.
oc: n. ball often made out of rags.
Tel: coO. Hin: "d.
c`s:_c-coc n. a children's game.
Tel: c` s_coc.
c`c_ n. toy, doll. Tel: c`c.
4.2.8. Humor
L- vi. to make jokes at a marriage.
cc_oo/-s- vt. to make fun of.
4.4. Behavior
4.4.1. Do something good
4.4.1.3. Do good to
co n. kindness. Tel: coc:.
Hin: 34|1.
4.4.1.6. Self-controlled
4.4.1.6.2. Social refinement
c- -c- vi. to be respectful.
4.4.2. Do something bad
4.4.2.2. Feel evil toward
4.4.2.2.1. Think poorly of
sL n. disapprove.
4.4.2.2.5. Discontent
.oc n. complaint. Hin: H4|3.
4.4.2.4. Speak evil of
4.4.2.4.4. Quarrel
n:c- vi. to quarrel. Hin: $"s|.
4.4.2.4.9. Mock
c -s- vt. to tease. Hin: UH|.
coa- vt. to tease, to pull faces.
4.4.2.5. Dishonest
4.4.2.5.1. Lie, speak untruth
ccc n. a lie. Tel: ccc c:. Hin: $,
$|.
ccc Lc_- vi. to tell a lie.
4.4.2.5.2. Deceive
.- -s- vt. to deceive. Tel: ô o:e.
Hin: H1P||.
c.on n. falsehood, dishonesty,
deception.
4.4.2.6. Lack self-control
4.4.2.6.2. Make a mistake
c:s- vi. 1 to commit a mistake.
2 to be avoidable.
c:s_ n. mistake.
4. Social behavior 4.6.9. Region
4.5. Prosperity, trouble
4.5.2. Trouble
a-a-so- vi. to cause trouble.
os n. difficulty. Tel: sc o.
Hin: 43|.
.yL-1 1 vt. to harness.
2 vi. to be troubled, face
difficulty.
4.5.2.7. Accident
c. -s- vt. 1 to attach, hit. Hin: H"||.
2 to dent.
4.5.3. Respond to trouble
4.5.3.1. Courage
co_ n. courage, daring, brave.
Tel: co_c:. Hin: (P3.
c^ adjl. brave.
cc_o n. boldness, courage.
Tel: co_c:. Hin: P|(P.
4.5.3.3. Avoid trouble
c:s- vi. 1 to commit a mistake.
2 to be avoidable.
4.5.4. Respond to someone in trouble
4.5.4.4. Save from trouble
cs_- vc. to cause to remain, save.
.- vi. to be saved, spared, be alive,
survive. Hin: 4|.
.^- vc. to save. Hin: 4|.
.`_c n. salvation, saving. Hin: P-.
^:e -c- vi. to escape.
4.5.4.5. Defend from danger
sL- vt. to guard, keep watch, wait.
s`c C n. watchman. Tel: sL0cc:.
Hin: |4|d|1.
s`c n. watchman's wife.
D. _-s- vt. to hide from harm, protect
(in the way a mother hen hides
her chicks under her feathers).
Tel: sn0oc:e. Hin: U|, U| .
n o/-. - vi. to take spells of guard
duty over crops.
4.5.5. Chance
os n. luck. Tel: ccc o.
<- n. luck.
4.6. Government
4.6.1. Person in authority
è C n. headman of village. Tel: nc
.c cc.
è n. headman's wife.
4.6.1.1. Supreme authority
oC n. king. Tel: o. Hin: 1|H|.
4.6.1.2. King's family
ccc n. queen. Tel: oc. Hin: 1||.
4.6.4. Authority
4.6.4.3. Appoint, delegate
c:s c-s- vt. to appoint.
4.6.4.5. Lead
4.6.4.5.1. Discipline, train
``- -s- vt. to train up (a child), raise
(horses, etc.).
4.6.5. Command
4.6.5.5. Restrain
sòc -s- vt. 1 to block off, or restrict.
2 to keep a person forcibly.
4.6.8. Submit to authority
4.6.8.2. Honor
c' n. honour, respect. Tel: co_c.
Hin: H|H.
c'-co_c-s- vt. to honour.
c'-`' oao/- vt. to honour.
4.6.9. Region
coc n. Andhra. Tel: coc.
4. Social behavior 4.9.1. God
4.6.9.2. City
<n n. city, town. Tel: .e_o.
Hin: H(1.
4.6.9.4. Community
sò adjl. Gond. Tel: nòc.
nc n. small village, hamlet.
Tel: D<_ eoa; ncc:. Hin: "|.
- n. village. Tel: ncc: . Hin: "|.
4.7. Law
4.7.5. Legal process
4.7.5.5. Take oath
cc n. oath.
4.7.7. Punish
--_o -s- vt. to kick, flog.
4.7.7.2. Fine
coc n. compensation. Tel: oac<.
4.7.7.3. Imprison
4.8. Strife
4.8.1. Fight
nc n. fight, argument, quarrel.
Tel: n`cL.
co- vc. to fight, quarrel. Hin: Hs|.
co_C n. 1 pain, ache.
2 person threatening to hit.
ooc n. 1 widow. Tel: LcLoc:.
Hin: |.
2 term of abuse for women or
animals.
Le n. fight. Tel: nco.
4.8.2. Defend from attack
4.8.2.4. Set free
^:e -s- vt. to release, leave, quit, give
up. Tel: Dc:Ly.
4.8.3. Peace
4.8.3.1. Rebuke
oo/- vt. to abuse, scold, revile.
Tel: Oe: e, ccoc:e.
4.8.3.6. Repent
c:sc:s -c- vi. to repent, feel sorry.
`c -c- (oo -c-) vi. to feel
sorry, repent. Hin: U3||.
4.8.4. War
4.8.4.1. Defeat
cc-covt. to defeat. Hin: (1||.
4.8.4.3. Lose
cc -c- n. loss. Tel: <c `òoc:.
4.8.4.7. Casualty
4.8.4.7.1. Survive
cs- vi. to remain, survive, be
spared. Hin: 4 "|.
4.8.4.9. Weapon, Shoot
sc n. end of a sword.
s`c n. 1 stick. Tel: .yc . Hin: Us|.
2 peg of stringed instrument.
3 arrow. Tel: cco. Hin: 3|1.
`c2 n. trigger of gun.
nò_ n. spear. Tel: cc c:. Hin: H|H|.
oc_ n. sword. Hin: HP.
.ys-s- vi. to fire (gun).
coc n. gun. Tel: oa`s.
4.9. Religion
4.9.1. God
cL_C2 n. the mother god, smallpox
goddess. Tel: ``cc cLo.
cs-. ' n. one of the Gond gods, the
that stays in the centre of a
village. Tel: nccLo ; ``cc.
s`cC-.' n. one of the Gond gods.
4. Social behavior 4.9.5.4. Perform religious ceremony
o n. minor Gond god.
-n`cC n. a snake God worshipped by
Gonds; a temple of this God is
in Keslapur which is situated at
about 30 kilometres from
Utnoor. Tel: -n: cLy .oa.
.o_ .' n. one of the Gond gods, the
big god.
.' n. god. Tel: cLyc:. Hin: (H 1.
OcC n. name of one of the Gond
gods. Tel: Oc: cLyc:.
c-c-.' n. one of the Gond gods.
Tel: cLyc:.
oc_ n. a Gond god, deity. Tel: cLy
.oa.
Ô . ' n. one of the gods. Tel: cLy
.oa.
4.9.3. Supernatural power
4.9.3.1. Benevolent supernatural power
4.9.3.1.2. Bless
De:- vt. to apply (rice, or vermilion)
in order to bless.
4.9.3.2. Malevolent supernatural power
c'oc n. evil spirit. Tel: co_o.
oo n. spirit of death.
cne n. an evil spirit which stays on
trees and captures animals (it is
believed that the hair of an
animal killed by a tiger
becomes this spirit). Hin: H3.
4.9.5. Practice religion
cs_co/ n. rice mixed with vermilion
thrown at a wedding, or on
cattle (e.g. during 'laxmi pooja')
in order to bless.
s:s_ n. vermilion powder (used to
apply a mark on the forehead).
Tel: s:os:c.
s:s_ n:c_C n. vermilion and pink
powders used for worship.
marriage pole.
used for worship.
n:c_C n. pink powder used for
worship.
nòc n. sacred thread worn around
waist. Tel: cc c:.
oc-.' n. flag god.
c- n. ritual song.
c`c n. red spot on forehead.
Tel: cè: .
4.9.5.3. Worship
sC_-c- vi. to prostrate oneself.
sC_-s- vi. to worship (by folding
hands and touching forehead).
. '-s`c n. corner set aside for
worship.
.y n. worship. Tel: .y.
Hin: H1||.
^c n. a festival which lasts for
several days.
4.9.5.4. Perform religious ceremony
ccc` ' n. ritual bath.
c-D n. religious observances
(pl.).
5. Home 5.1. Rooms of a house
. n. ritual dance while putting a
god back in place after a
festival.
ccc n. Tel: oè c:s_c: cc o.
Dco/ n. agricultural festival which
takes place before sowing (pl.).
4.9.5.5. Make offering, sacrifice
cc n. food offering. Tel: -c c_c:.
Dc_- vt. to lay down (offering),
scatter.
^:oo/ n. sacrificial animals (pl.).
4.9.7. Religious organization
4.9.7.1. Religious person
se`cC n. clan priest.
se`c n. priest's wife.
nc_C n. servant, ritual food server.
cco n. village priest. Tel: .yo.
4.9.7.3. Islam
oac_C n. Muslims. Tel: c:- occ:.
4.9.8. Religious object, artifact
se n. a decorated ritual bamboo
pole used during worship of the
great god.
s`cC n. religious mask. Tel: <o_cLo
.oa.
nn n. sacred brass ankle bell.
Tel: n .
cLo/ n. altar. Tel: c0.oo.
coJ n. ceremonial fly-whisk with
long hair or strips of cloth ties
to one end (used for giving
blessing). Tel: ^Lyoc:.
e`D n. small earthen pot which is
used to make a lamp 'diva' for
'pooja'.
c:c_ n. necklace for religious
sè n. mask.
^c n. sacred spear head. Tel: cL
.Oc.
4.9.8.2. Place of worship
n:c n. temple. Tel: cocoo. Hin: Pd1.
c n. place at a river where there is
always water (used for
immersing idols).
.'-nc n. holy place, place where god
is kept. Tel: cLy ^ cc:.
ceo n. temple. Tel: cocoo. Hin: Pd1.
5. Home
5.1. Rooms of a house
ceo n. attic, store area above rafters
of house, loft. Tel: ce:s:.
2 shed for goats.
s`c n. room. Tel: nc. Hin: 4P1|.
s`- n. room. Tel: nc. Hin: 4P1|.
`0 n. room. Tel: nc. Hin: 4P1|.
no_ n. stair.
Oc n. inner room. Tel: nc. Hin: 4P1|.
5. Home 5.1.4. Household tools
cc n. house (with multiple levels).
Tel: con . Hin: P4|.
o`' n. house, home. Tel: =c: .
Hin: P4|.
ce n. verandah, porch, threshold,
covered entrance area of a
house.
c- n. verandah. Tel: Lò.
Hin: 41|Pd|.
^. n. verandah. Hin: 41|Pd|.
oo n. room. Tel: nc . Hin: 4P1|.
5.1.1. Outside of a house
ce_C o`' n. cooking house.
Tel: Loec.
cc:c n. bathroom. Tel: `_<c: nc.
cco n. fence or compound.
nc n. cylindrical framework of
bamboo or sticks.
n`c n. cement wall. Hin: d||1.
`` n. compound gate. Tel: nc ocs.
cc n. backyard. Tel: =c:
c:e: ^ cc:.
cc adv-ppn. outside. Tel: coe.
Hin: 4 4|(1.
o_ n. courtyard. Hin: H".
5.1.2. Personal plot, property
cc_C n. head of household, owner.
Tel: oc.
cco n. compound wall or fence.
Tel: cc .
cc n. yard of a house, or small plot
of land near to the house for
growing vegetables etc.
Tel: .oc:.
5.1.3. Furniture
5.1.3.1. Table
ecC n. table. Tel: cc . Hin: PH.
5.1.3.2. Chair
esc n. swing, cradle. Tel: eo_c.
s:o C n. bench, seat. Tel: .e. Hin: |4|.
s:o_ n. chair. Tel: s:o_. Hin: 4P|.
5.1.3.3. Bed
seC n. bed, cot. Tel: cocc:.
Hin: H".
` n. mat.
oc n. leg of a bed.
```c n. blanket. Hin: 4 4H.
c'oc n. quilt.
5.1.4. Household tools
so_ n. broom. Tel: D.yoa.
s: n. key. Tel: ccc: o.
s: -cc_ n. lock (lit. key container).
Tel: ccc:.
s^_c (-c ) n. ladder, steps.
Tel: _<. Hin: P||.
nn n. bronze pitcher. Tel: Ooc.
ncc n. kind of small metal (steel,
bronze) pot or vessel. Hin: H|s|.
nn n. metal pitcher.
nè n. pipe (for liquid), quiver,
cylinder. Hin: 4|P1|.
co_ n. brass container for liquids.
s n. small knife. Tel: sO . Hin: U1| .
c:c_ n. head pad (for carrying
pots). Tel: c:e .
oo n. kind of bronze vessel.
Tel: .y c:oo.
eoC n. churning stick.
5. Home 5.2.1.2.3. Pound in mortar and pestle
cc_ n. container. Tel: cc_.
ccc n. a horizontal pole used to
hang clothes on while drying.
Tel: cocc:.
cc n. basket. Tel: n:D. Hin: |41|.
cc n. earthen oil lamp. Tel: c.c:.
oo n. bag. Tel: ôD. Hin: $|H|.
c n. 1 wire.
2 web of a spider.
Tel: `cnc:.
c``c n. lampstand. Tel: c.c: ` oc:.
.s_ n. bamboo strip. Tel: cc:oa cc .
.O n. blade.
.c n. step of a ladder. Tel: _<
cc_<Ly<_ s_.
`ò n. bucket. Tel: c`s-. Hin: 4|H|.
c:c n. clay pot, earthen vessel,
dish-shaped hollow. Tel: s:oc.
o- n. large knife. Tel: sO .
Ô n. umbrella. Tel: n`c:n:. Hin: U|.
5.1.5. Household decorations
c:n n. balloon, bulb.
5.2. Food
cc n. a small grain.
5.2.1. Food preparation
cc- vt. to cook. Tel: Loc:e.
ce_C o vc. water for cooking.
Hin: 1P||.
s^- vc. to make hot.
cc n. sweet made from water and
cooked rice.
.c - vi. to be boiling hot.
`ò vt. to season (curry).
Tel: c0o.yco:. Hin: U4|.
c- vi. to cook. Tel: ec:s:e.
co- vc. to cook. Tel: ecsoc.
5.2.1.1. Methods of cooking
e-1 vi. to boil over while cooking.
ne` n. boiled rice. Tel: c<_c:;
cooc:.
.c- vc. to dry, parch (grain).
Hin: P|.
c`c_- vt. to roast, fry. Hin: H|.
LL_- vi. to boil.
Loo_-- vc. to boil.
Lc_-s- vt. to boil.
^L- vi. to curdle, go sour.
Tel: `-``Lcc:.
^:- vt. to bake.
5.2.1.2. Steps in food preparation
cL_- vt. to clean rice or lentils using
an open-ended basket.
D- -s- vt. to mix. Tel: sc_cc:.
Hin: PH||.
5.2.1.2.2. Remove shell, skin
cco/- vi. to be peeled. Hin: UH|.
cc-- - vt. to peel or remove the shell
or cover of food items (boiled
eggs, beans, peas, corn,
bananas, peanuts, etc.).
Hin: UH|.
5.2.1.2.3. Pound in mortar and pestle
s`L_-1 vt. 1 to pound (in a mortar).
Tel: c . Hin: 4 |.
2 to beat (stalks of millet
wheat, etc. with a stick so that
the seeds fall off).
5. Home 5.2.2.5. Hungry, thirsty
3 to grind into a paste.
cc_ n. mortar for grinding spices.
Tel: o`c:.
o`csC n. stone pestle. Tel: oc_coc;
oac_oo.
o`sC n. wooden pestle. Tel: o`s0.
ce -s- vt. to pound. Hin: 4 |.
5.2.1.2.4. Grind flour
o n. stone for grinding flour.
Tel: =^: oo. Hin: P|.
.oc n. flour. Tel: .oc . Hin: H|.
5.2.1.4. Cooking utensils
sc_c n. flat pan for bread making.
Tel: ôoc:.
s:o_ n. pot. Tel: s:oc. Hin: H|s|.
s`` n. earthen pot, clay vessel.
Tel: s:occ:.
:oc n. kind of small clay pot.
Hin: H|s|.
no n. cooking vessel. Tel: no.
Hin: 413.
no_ n. strainer, sieve.
c_ n. sieve.
Dc n. pincers, tongs.
cc n. 1 a hollow space or cavity
that birds, and insects can live
in.
2 fireplace, brazier.
Tel: c0coec- è:.
cc n. earthen frying pan. Tel: .<o.
cD n. iron frying pan. Tel: .<c:.
.c 1 n. ladle.
^:s_c n. wooden ladle, spoon.
Tel: c<_o s0. se .
5.2.1.5. Food storage
c:c n. grain store. Tel: n:D.
.` n. square-shaped cooking oil
tin. Tel: cc_.
c:oc2 n. a large basket for storing
paddy.
-O_ n. large basket for storing grain
made of bamboo and mud.
Tel: n:D.
5.2.1.6. Serve food
c`` n. cup or bowl made of leaves.
cL- vt. to dish up, spoon out.
.c 1 n. ladle.
co_ n. bowl made of clay. Tel: ce
.c c:.
5.2.2. Eat
c- vt. to chew. Hin: 4||.
D-s- vt. to eat, have a meal. Hin: ||,
H|.
O'- vt. to eat. Tel: O<:e. Hin: ||,
H|.
5.2.2.1. Meal
D n. meal.
-o0 n. meal - breakfast, lunch or
dinner.
-c n. eating.
5.2.2.4. Taste of food
co_ n. belch. Tel: c<:_.
co_-s- vi. to belch.
D<o/- vi. to taste sweet.
^D- vi. to be sour.
^c adj. sour (bad taste).
5.2.2.5. Hungry, thirsty
s L` hunger strikes.
Lc_- vi. to be thirsty. Tel: coo.
5. Home 5.2.3.1.1. Food from seeds
5.2.2.7. Drink
e'- vi, vt. to drink, smoke
(cigarette). Tel: c n:. Hin: ||,
H|.
eo- vt. to suck. Hin: P|.
c:L_- vt. to suck, smack ones' lips.
Hin: P|.
oao- vt. to suck. Hin: P|.
5.2.2.8. Eating utensil
sc n. leaf plate. Tel: D^ o (cs:c:).
` n. bowl. Tel: n-_.
cc_ n. spoon. Tel: c_.
c0 n. pail, jug, tumbler. Tel: c:oo.
cc n. plate.
cc o n. plate for eating from.
Tel: .c c:.
;c n. small spoon.
5.2.3. Types of food
sc n. curry made with ground
channa.
:co n. kind of dumpling.
n:n n. cooked (boiled) seeds or
grain. Hin: 4|H.
c:o n. fried gram. Tel: .ye_c:.
oJco/ n. corn or grains or peas of
tender and immature ears or
pods of great millet which have
been parched. Tel: ce:s:c:.
5.2.3.1. Food from plants
soc n. the gourd Balsam pear.
Tel: sso so.
s:- n. seasoned vegetables. Tel: so.
sò--o/ n. bean pods. Tel: Ds:_c:
soc:.
no n. mahua fruit.
`' n`c n. cabbage (leafy). Tel: `'
n`c.
.y n`c n. cauliflower. Tel: .yc n`c.
cc_o n. kind of short green bean.
c:c_o n. 1 partially ripe fruit.
Tel: =._.yLy_.
2 mahua flowers that have just
fallen down from the 'hiruk'
tree.
co_ n. bitter gourd (looks somewhat
like a cucumber). Tel: c^so.
Do_c n. chilli (pounded into
flakes). Tel: n`c: soc:.
cOo/ n. fenugreek seeds.
`. n. brinjal, egg plant.
Tel: Loso.
- n. pod (of bean, etc.).
5.2.3.1.1. Food from seeds
s`c o/ n. the seeds of the 'mahka' fruit
which can be eaten.
`c n. inner white part of coconut.
Tel: s:c:s. Hin: |1H.
no_ n. a kind of cake prepared out
of black gram. Tel: noc:.
D`s n. seed of tamarind.
c n. coarse flour of millet.
co n. pulses. Tel: .._.
Os_ n. mustard seed. Hin: 1|(.
ooo/ n. kind of lentil, pulse.
Tel: soc:c:.
-oC n. coconut. Tel: s`c_oso.
Hin: |1H.
<o/ n. sesame. Tel: <:Lyc:.
.D n. oil cake.
5. Home 5.2.3.3.5. Cooking oil
.ycC n. urad dhal (kind of lentil).
Tel: D<:c:c:.
.yoa' ò n. kind of sweetmeat.
Tel: co; ``c C.
.-C_ n. moong dhal (kind of lentil),
green gram pulse (pl.).
Tel: .^c:.
c:o - n. groundnut.
cc n. bread prepared with ghee.
co n. mustard seed. Tel: cLc:.
Hin: 1|(.
oo n. kernel of chironji fruit.
o< n. sweet preparation made by
pounding 'jaggery' and sesame
seeds together. Tel: <:Ly_c``c.
cco/ n. parched grain.
^co n. the chickpea, Bengal gram,
'channa'. Tel: <nc:.
`c n. sanva corn.
-L_o/ n. noodle-like food preparation
made from wheat flour.
5.2.3.1.2. Food from fruit
o n. wild plum. Tel: on: .oc:.
ôc n. orange. Tel: -oo.
5.2.3.1.3. Food from vegetables
s`c n. pumpkin. Tel: n:cc so.
eòc n. tondla vegetable.
Tel: cocso.
eè_ n. turai vegetable, sponge
gourd. Tel: Ooso.
`.o/-Do_o/ n. vegetables (lit.
eggplants-chillies).
Tel: sonoc:.
5.2.3.1.4. Food from leaves
c0 n. jaggery, coarse brown sugar.
Tel: cc o. Hin: "s.
5.2.3.1.5. Food from roots
sc_ n. turmeric. Tel: .^:.y.
nc n. kind of edible root.
-`_ n. yam.
ce n. kind of edible root from the
forest. Tel: nc (c:o.).
5.2.3.2. Food from animals
scC-o n. honey. Hin: H(d.
co n. egg (sg.). Tel: n:c: . Hin: H s|.
c_ n. egg (pl.). Tel: n:c: . Hin: H s .
5.2.3.2.1. Meat
oco n. piece of flesh, chunk of
meat. Tel: co^.y c:s_.
^D_ n. meat. Tel: co^c:.
5.2.3.2.2. Milk products
cc n. curds. Tel: .oan:.
`C n. milk. Tel: `c:. Hin: d .
`C-o n. ghee. Tel: -o_.
coc n. butter. Tel: Dnc. Hin: P4 .
5.2.3.3. Cooking ingredients
5.2.3.3.1. Sugar
c0 n. jaggery, coarse brown sugar.
Tel: cc o. Hin: "s.
`s: n. sugar. Tel: .occo(cs_o).
5.2.3.3.3. Spice
sc_ n. turmeric. Tel: .^:.y.
cc n. cloves. Tel: c:s:_.ycs.
5.2.3.3.4. Leaven
.e n. yeast.
5.2.3.3.5. Cooking oil
s`c_o o n. oil prepared out of fat.
5. Home 5.3.2. Women's clothing
5.2.3.4. Prepared food
co< L n. porridge which is made
on the first day after marriage
and given to the 'avval'
goddess.
n`D n. kind of small round bread.
Tel: D<_oè . Hin: 1||.
c' n. chickpea curry. Tel: . e .
L n. kind of porridge. Tel: coc0.
.yoa' ò n. kind of sweetmeat.
Tel: co; ``c C.
ò n. bread. Tel: oè . Hin: 1||.
5.2.3.6. Beverages
o n. tea. Tel: c-oa; o. Hin: |,
||.
5.2.3.7. Alcoholic beverages
sC n. liquor, wine. Tel: òo.
cc -sC n. palm liquor.
-oc -sC n. kind of liquor.
coas-sC n. kind of liquor.
5.2.4. Tobacco
c:e n. pipe. Hin: 4|P1|.
c:e -cs n. leaf for smoking used to
wrap tobacco in.
oc:_s-cs n. tobacco leaf.
<1 n. snuff.
Oc n. cigar, 'bidi', local cigarette.
Tel: Occ:.
5.2.5. Narcotic
no n. a drug.
Dc-cs n. betel, 'paan' leaf.
o.y n. opium.
5.3. Clothing
s. n. cloth (as in clothes to wear).
Tel: ce ; Do. Hin: 4s|.
._C n. sandal. Hin: H.
oacC n. towel. Tel: oacc.
c- n. handkerchief. Tel: c- ; On:c .
<c -.e n. waist belt.
o n. leaf hat.
ccon n. dress.
-oo n. sandal. Tel: ._c:. Hin: H.
-c n. hand cloth, larger than a
handkerchief. Tel: oac_c:.
5.3.1. Men's clothing
con n. shirt. Tel: con; `s_.
ò_ n. short pants, shorts.
cc n. 'dhoti' (cloth worn by males,
wrapped around waist).
Tel: cLO.
.e_ n. turban with a 'train' of cloth
at the back, worn only be men.
Tel: oacc:.
.e n. belt. Tel: ce . Hin: |.
.c n. end portion of a dhoti.
`nè n. turban with a 'train' of cloth
at the back, worn only be men.
Tel: oacc:.
oacC n. turban. Tel: oacc:.
o```c c' n. undershirt, vest.
5.3.2. Women's clothing
nn n. woman's underskirt.
ò n. blouse.
oc1 n. the free end of a woman's
sari which is worn over the
shoulder and wrapped around
the back.
cs n. sari tied in such a way
(between legs) that enables
5. Home 5.4.1. Jewelry
ladies to work more
comfortably. Tel: Do.
5.3.3. Traditional clothing
e`. n. hat. Tel: e`.. Hin: ||.
5.3.4. Clothes for special occasions
so` c n. ornamental belt.
cC-.e n. peacock feather belt.
5.3.6. Parts of clothing
sc n. hem of cloth.
s` n. pocket. Tel: c:. Hin: H4.
ce n. pouch (usually for collecting
cotton) formed by tucking cloth
it in at the waist and folding the
other half upwards.
5.3.7. Wear clothing
s:c- vc. to take off (draped
clothing).
s- vt. to wear (not said of draped
things). Tel: c`c:s:_oc.
`- -s- vt. 1 to hang clothing, rope, or
bag on something.
2 to tuck in clothing (like the
end portion of a 'sari' or 'dhoti').
`òc- vt. to put on, wear, (draped
clothes such as dhoti).
Tel: se: s`Lcc:.
5.4. Adornment
s-2 vt. to string (as beads, flowers).
s`L_-2 vt. 1 to gore.
2 to pierce (when having a
tattoo).
es n. forehead mark. Tel: e s (cè: ).
-on n. tattoo. Tel: -onoo; .c_cè: .
5.4.1. Jewelry
soO n. silver neck ornament.
s:c_ n. ear-ring.
c n. ornament for arm or ankle.
noeC n. ear-ring.
n n. bangle. Tel: n.
;c n. a watch, timepiece.
Tel: ncooc:. Hin: s|.
Dcs n. bead necklace (long).
c_0 n. earring worn on the top of
the ear (in contrast to those that
hang below).
es c:c n. signet ring.
cc n. ear-ring with bells.
coc-c n. upper arm bracelet.
c:c_ n. necklace for religious
<O_ n. nose stud.
ò`C n. anklet (chain). Tel: coc.
.y- n. pendant of necklace.
Tel: conc ôo.
``Ly n. bead.
`Ò n. necklace of married woman.
Tel: <c .y^c conc ôo.
Hin: P"HP|.
c`c ' n. upper arm bangle.
cc n. bead of a necklace.
Tel: cc.y^.
co n. bangle, anklet (worn by
married ladies). Tel: scoo.
c:so n. nose ring. Tel: c:s:_ .ycs.
c:c n. ring. Tel: eonoc:. Hin: H ".
ô n. silver neck ornament.
Tel: ccsoe.
-<_o n. bracelet.
5. Home 5.5.5. What fires produce
5.4.2. Cosmetics
sc n. eye colour. Tel: se:s.
sc c- vi. to put on eye colour.
coc n. henna.
5.4.3. Caring for hair
ec-1 vt. to comb (hair).
son_ n. comb. Tel: c:c_<.
c n. bunch of hair. Tel: c.
.c o n. comb (large, double-sided,
used by ladies). Tel: c:c_<.
.c_- vi. to grow grey (haired). Tel: cc
coe: sc:.
c n. hair parting.
5.4.3.2. Plaiting hair
o`_oc n. plait of hair. Tel: c.
5.4.3.5. Cutting hair
sc o n. scissors. Tel: sc o. Hin: 4 |.
coc_ n. barber. Tel: con0.
con0 n. barber. Tel: conc'c:.
co n. barber's razor, blade.
Tel: conc'< sO .
5.4.3.6. Shave
sò-2 vt. to shave. Hin: Ps|.
co n. barber's razor, blade.
Tel: conc'< sO .
5.5. Fire
s n. fire. Tel: cn . Hin: H".
oc_ n. fire. Tel: cn ; ._. Hin: H".
.es n. firework. Tel: le:.
`ò- vi. to fan into flame, light,
blaze, burn. Tel: coc:e.
`ò- vc. to light, burn.
5.5.1. Light a fire
s-cO_ n. matchbox. Tel: cn .e .
s_s n. lighter (usually using flint
and steel together).
``cc n. steel for firemaking.
``cc o e:s n. steel for firemaking.
D< C n. spark.
5.5.3. Extinguish a fire
.- vi. to have gone out (a fire is
extinguished, or seeds
sprouted). Tel: co`òoc .
.L- vt. to extinguish, (to cover?).
5.5.4. What fires do
soa- vi. to be burnt. Tel: cc``.
Hin: HH||.
c:oc- vi. to burn. Hin: HH "|.
c:oc- vc. to burn. Hin: HH||.
c:c_-c:c_-c- vi. to be completely
burnt up, reduced to ashes.
o- vi. to burn, light. Hin: HH|.
o- vc. to burn, light. Hin: HH||.
cc- vi. to be charred (for example
food at the bottom of a cooking
vessel). Tel: ccoc.
c_- vt. to brand.
-s-c- vi. to warm oneself.
5.5.5. What fires produce
n. flame, spark, hot coals.
n. ash. Tel: ccc.
`ò-1 vi. to smoke (fire).
`ò n. smoke, fume. Tel: ``n.
Hin: H; H.
D^_c n. charred wood, a partly
burned stick from the fireplace,
or a stick still burning.
Hin: PH|H.
5. Home 5.9. Live, stay
5.5.6. Fuel
se n. stick (for firewood etc.).
Tel: se .
so n. thick or long piece of
firewood. Tel: se .
sò_ n. charcoal. Tel: c`n: .
n`c_o n. cow dung cake (used as a
fuel for burning). Tel: .cs.
oc se n. firewood. Tel: Loeos:.
5.5.7. Fireplace
``c C n. fireplace. Tel: `ò_.
5.6. Cleaning
ee -s- vt. to clean.
o_- vt. to scrape.
-- vt. to wash (not used for
washing clothes). Tel: sc:n:e.
on -s- vt. to scrape.
5.6.1. Clean, dirty
e-2 vt. to smear floor with cow
dung solution.
n`c -s- vt. to soil clothes (by sitting in
mud etc ).
n`c -c- vi. to become soiled.
cD_-s- vt. to shine, polish.
Hin: P4|.
cc_-c- vi. to shine, polish.
Hin: P4|.
^c2 n. cow dung mixed with water
(used to keep courtyards
looking clean).
`L-s- vc. to clean. Tel: c.oac:.
`L-`ò-s- vt. to clean up. Tel: .o
ec.oac:e.
5.6.2. Bathe
DL- vt. to bathe. Tel: `_<c:
ooc:e. Hin: (||; (H||;
(H||.
o-oao/- vi, vt. to bathe, wash.
Hin: (||.
5.6.4. Wash clothes
.- vt. to wring (clothes).
Lo n. washerwoman.
^:s- vt. to launder. Tel: eoas:.
5.6.5. Sweep, rake
-o- vt. to sweep. Hin: $|s|.
5.6.6. Wipe, erase
e^:L- vt. to wipe away, dust off.
Hin: |U|.
5.7. Sleep
s_- vi. to doze. Tel: c . Hin: 3 |.
oL n. sleep. Hin: | d.
<oaL- vi. to sleep. Tel: c``. Hin: P||.
Doc- vi. to sleep. Tel: .oc:s`. Hin: P||.
5.7.1. Go to sleep
Doc- vc. to put to sleep.
Tel: .occe: e.
5.7.3. Wake up
c` adjl. awake. Tel: cc'_.
L n. wakefulness. Tel: cv:s:L.
c L- vt. 1 to rouse from sleep.
Tel: c.y.
2 to revive to life.
3 to build.
`c'-s- vt. to waken.
5.9. Live, stay
a- -s- vi. to live. Hin: H||; HH||.
-oc -c- vi. to live. Hin: H||.
6. Work and occupation 6.2. Agriculture
oc-c- vi. to live, stay. Hin: H||; HH||.
6. Work and occupation
6.1. Work
so n. work. Tel: .. Hin: 4|P.
so-coc n. work. Hin: 4|P.
coc n. work. Hin: 4|P.
6.1.1. Worker
cocC n. worker (m.).
Tel: s:0cc:.
coc n. worker (f.).
6.1.1.2. Expert
c^ oC n. teacher. Tel: coa_c:.
Hin: H |4.
6.1.2. Method
oO n. way, manner. Tel: co . Hin: 1|(.
6.1.2.1. Try
s`--s- vt. to attempt. Tel: .oo_c:
o:e.
6.1.2.2. Use
e``_/ n. use. Tel: e.ono. Hin: |".
sc:' o``` oo- vt. to make use
of.
òc o o- vt. to make use of.
cD-s- vt. to make use of, put on.
Tel: .e: s`Lcc:.
6.1.2.2.1. Available
`c -c- vi. to be got, be obtained.
6.1.2.3. Work well
6.1.2.3.1. Work hard
c:s-cD-s- vi. to work hard.
6.1.2.3.5. Power, force
ò advl. with force, loudly,
strongly, quickly. Tel: òan.
6.1.2.3.8. Complete, finish
Dc_-c- vi. to be finished (work).
Hin: D3 P (||.
c- vi. to be finished. Hin: D3 P (||.
6.1.2.4. Work poorly
6.1.2.4.3. Lazy
c:oc adj. lazy. Tel: oco<o.
cocC adj. lazy. Tel: occso.
Hin: HHP|.
6.1.2.5. Plan
6.1.2.5.1. Arrange an event
c:s c-c- vi. to be arranged.
Hin: PH|.
6.1.2.6. Prepare
oo-s- vt. to make ready.
oo-c- vi. to be ready.
c n` vi. to get ready. Hin: d4 H .
c -c- vi. to be ready. Tel: ooo<c.
D -s- vt. to make ready.
oc_s-s- vt. to prepare. Hin: P|1|.
^D -s- vt. to prepare, get ready.
Hin: P|1|.
^c -c- vi. to be ready.
6.1.3. Difficult, impossible
se' adj. difficult. Tel: sc o.
Hin: PH 4H.
6.2. Agriculture
O (-cc ) n. farming. Tel: L_Lòo.
Hin: 3|.
n:c n. grove, orchard, collection of
cultivated trees.
6. Work and occupation 6.2.5. Harvest
oD-s- vi. to farm.
6.2.1. Growing crops
;:- -s- vt. to plant. Hin: 1||.
6.2.1.1. Growing grain
Loa n. paddy (sg.). Tel: Lo.
Loao/ n. paddy (pl.) (used mostly in
the plural form). Tel: Lo.
6.2.1.3. Growing flowers
c-c- vi. to flower. Hin: 9 H|.
cc n. garden. Tel: cè. Hin: 3)|.
6.2.2. Land preparation
s cO_ cD-s- vi. to clear jungle or a
field using fire.
s:o-s- vt. to weed.
c` n. section of a field.
6.2.2.2. Plow a field
ec-2 vt. to plough. Hin: H|3|.
s-1 vt. to dig, bore. Tel: oL_co.
Hin: |d|.
Ls n. harrow.
co n. long section of a field, aisle,
(when planting cotton, the field
is divided into sections by
planting single rows of other
crops such as lentils).
6.2.2.3. Fertilize a field
o cc- vi. to spread manure.
co n. insecticide, pesticide.
^c. n. cow dung. Tel: .c.
6.2.3. Plant a field
e_- vt. to plant, place, put, set up.
Hin: 1||.
e_cC n. transplanting.
oc- vt. to sow, (with drill, not by
scattering). Hin: 4|H|.
cc- vt. to throw, sow, scatter.
Tel: D^:oae; co:c:.
Hin: $|4|.
D cc- vt. to sow seed.
Do- vt. to transplant.
ò_ n. row, in a line. Tel: Loa^n.
Hin: "3.
6.2.4. Tend a field
s`c C n. watchman. Tel: sL0cc:.
Hin: |4|d|1.
s`c n. watchman's wife.
n:.yc n. slingshot. Tel: ec-c.
n n. watching or guarding of
crops. Tel: oO sL0; noc.
e.y n. 1 stick used for making
noise to frighten away animals
from crops. Tel: c_o se noe.
2 cow bell made of wood.
c: c n. scarecrow. Tel: cc:oa.
os-s- vt. to do the gardening, to watch
over, take care of (young plants
etc.). Tel: .occc:.
0s n. noise-making stick on snare.
6.2.4.1. Cut grass
s:o-s- vt. to weed.
sò- vt. to cut (with sawing action),
reap, pluck. Tel: sò_co.
-ec n. sickle. Tel: s`cL0. Hin: ( P|.
6.2.5. Harvest
s- vt. pick vegetables leaves.
s:e n. stubble (dried stem of maize,
millet, etc.), tree stump.
Tel: sò_.
Ò n. row of bulls for threshing
paddy.
6. Work and occupation 6.2.8. Agricultural tools
6.2.5.2. Uproot plants
s-_-c- vt. to uproot something.
6.2.5.4. Gather wild plants
.oc_ n. bundle of grass (tied
together). Hin: "1|.
6.2.5.5. Plant product
c:o n. hemp.
cC n. produce, cultivated goods,
wares. Hin: 9PH.
-c_ n. gum, sap. Tel: cos.
6.2.6. Process harvest
Tel: c . Hin: 4 |.
6.2.6.1. Winnow grain
-O n. winnowing basket. Tel: e.
6.2.6.3. Thresh
e- vt. pound, crush.
sè c n. threshing stick shaped like a
cricket bat. Tel: ne.
c n. threshing floor, special
surface for ceremony.
D- vt. to thresh (with bullocks).
ô_ n. the grain that remains in the
field after threshing.
6.2.6.4. Store the harvest
coc_ n. storage basket.
6.2.7. Farm workers
s:_ n. farmer. Tel: L_Lòc:
o:cc:. Hin: 4P|.
O-so_C n. farmer. Hin: 4P|.
6.2.8. Agricultural tools
co n. iron spike at the end of a
driving stick.
co-c c n. stick with an iron spike,
goad.
s:o n. cutting hook, small sickle.
Tel: s:o_.
so` n. steel tip of plough.
sò_ n. part of seed drill (tipun).
`c1 n. log, horizontal part of seed
drill to which the tubes are
attached.
ò n. small digger, tool for
gathering up soil. Tel: ò.
no n. framework of branches used
for dragging loads along the
ground and for breaking in
(training) young bullocks to
pull a plough.
c n. whip. Tel: sD_. Hin: 4|s|.
c n. funnel part of seed drill.
`c n. a pad which is tied around
the neck of a bullock for
plowing. Tel: `c .
cc n. grass-pulling tool attached to
bullocks like a plough.
c n. 1 wire.
2 web of a spider.
Tel: `cnc:.
._o/ c n. fencing wire (usually
barbed).
O.y' n. seed drill.
coc n. rake.
co_ n. seeder.
6. Work and occupation 6.3.1.1. Cattle
-oC n. plough, ploughshare.
Tel: -n0. Hin: (H.
`c n. stick which is attached to the
plough in order to hold it at a
higher level. Tel: -n0s c<:s`
eoc se .
` n. blade of agricultural
implement. Tel: .c:n:.
cc n. medium thickness stick, rod.
Hin: Us|.
cc n. bamboo stick.
oac o -cc n. a spiked bamboo stick
used for urging bullocks
forward.
co -cc_ n. back-mounted pesticide
pump.
c_ n. axe. Tel: n`c 0.
Dc_ n. metal collar to attach the
blade of an agricultural
implement.
^c_C n. crowbar. Tel: nc ò.
`. n. part of plough harness.
-oo n. iron-pointed stick for
removing mud from tools.
Tel: s:o_.
- n. complete plough system
including oxen. Tel: cos. Hin: (H.
`è n. thick rod, stick.
6.3. Animal husbandry
2 shed for goats.
c:-_ n. animal's muzzle. Tel: c:-_.
LL- vt. to give birth to (animal).
6.3.1. Domesticated animal
eL- vc. to cause to drink, water
(animals).
drinking.
drinking.
cc' n. herd of cattle tethered
together by rope.
c^: n. halter (rope for leading or
tying bullocks).
^c3 n. leash, rope for controlling
bullocks.
-cc n. peg at side of yoke.
6.3.1.1. Cattle
se n. millet heads fed to animals.
sè_ n. cowshed. Tel: sè c:;
.eLyc`s.
ncc n. cattle shed.
n n. morsel, food given to cattle
during festival (a small taste).
Hin: T|P.
.oo/-sC_ n. cattle (pl.).
Tel: cLyc:; co c:; csc:.
coc n. herd, group of cattle or
sheep. Tel: coc.
6. Work and occupation 6.4.1. Hunt
c:oc1 n. cowshed.
oò_- vi. to chew cud; ruminate.
-o_ n. cattle-bell. Tel: noe.
6.3.1.4. Pig
sòC n. wild boar. Tel: s`c:c:.
6.3.1.5. Dog
c:L_- vi. to bark. Hin: H4|.
6.3.1.7. Beast of burden
c_ n. yoke (for oxen).
.yL-1 1 vt. to harness.
2 vi. to be troubled, face
difficulty.
cno n. bridle. Hin: H"|P.
6.3.2. Tend herds in fields
sè n. brass animal bell. Tel: noe.
sòc-cc n. cattle section or division.
nD n. thick (usually black) blanket,
used by shepherds to shelter
from rain and cold. Tel: nòn0.
no_ n. cowherd. Tel: .eLyc s.o.
n`c C n. shepher (m.). Tel: n`c cc:.
n`c n. shepherd (f.).
;:on: n. small spherical animal bell
usually made of brass.
o` n. animal feed (grass, hay, etc).
Tel: ooaLyc (nc ).
Do_ n. kind of bell. Tel: noe.
c n. small cattle bell used on the
necks of cattle, but also tied to
the waist or ankles for
ceremonial dancing.
o:c_ n. bell (often used on heads of
cattle).
c:c_ n. cattle bell. Tel: c_=_
=o cnoe.
co_C n. man who tends cattle.
Tel: .eLyc: c.ycc:.
co_ n. woman who tends cattle.
c_oC n. a man who tends
buffaloes. Tel: co c: c.cc:.
-c_oC n. a man who tends goats
and sheep. Tel: csc:
c.ycc:.
6.3.3. Milk
sò`L vt. buttermilk. Tel: ^c .
`C .- vt. to milk. Tel: `c:
Oo_cc:. Hin: d(| .
6.3.6. Poultry raising
so ec- vt. to hatch (eggs).
s`-nc n. chicken nest - for hens to
lay and hatch their eggs.
Tel: s`v_nc:.
c- vt. to lay (eggs), put down,
apply.
cL- 1 vi. to hatch (of young bird).
2 vt. to burst, break open.
6.3.6.1. Chicken
n`n n. rooster. Tel: s`c.yo. Hin: P"| .
6.4. Hunt and fish
-s n. hunting. Tel: ce.
6.4.1. Hunt
-s-s_- vt. to hunt (game).
`c2 n. trigger of gun.
n:oO n. small bow and arrow.
Tel: Dc: .
cs`_C n. beater (when hunting).
^n n. method of catching rabbits by
using fire to dazzle them.
-s-s- vi. to hunt (work).
6. Work and occupation 6.5.1.1. Types of houses
6.4.1.1. Track an animal
sà n. footprint.
.o_c n. track, marks, line.
6.4.2. Trap
Hin: |d|.
cocc n. kind of trap for catching
small animals (rabbits, pigs,
deer, etc.). Tel: cso L^: Ly.
ec n. wooden peg used for snares.
c:c_ n. bamboo fish trap.
`^ n. loop of snare, trap, noose.
cn:c n. large round net for catching
animals. Tel: Lc .
6.4.3. Hunting birds
n:c n. catapult.
6.4.4. Beekeeping
se1 n. sting of the bee.
scC n. bee hive (nest). Tel: c-oe: .
scC-D- n. bee that lives in the bee
hive (nest). Tel: c-en; oacc.
o nc n. part of the honey-comb
where the honey is.
.yo n. part of the honey-comb
where the honey is. Tel: c-oe: .
.o c`s_ n. honeycomb of large bees.
Tel: .c c<.
coC n. honeycomb of large bees.
Tel: c-.e: .
c n. small bee-hive.
oo n. dry part of the honey-comb
where there is no honey.
^:o_ n. a kind of bee that makes its
hive within hollow trees and
anthills. Tel: oacc.
6.4.5. Fishing
no n. fish hook.
o n. fishing net.
cLC n. fisherman. Tel: .c:
.e cv:_. Hin: PUH .
ce n. fish basket.
`c 1 n. obstruction (dam), used to
trap fish.
c'oC n. fisherman. Hin: PUH .
c'o n. fisherman's wife.
ce n. fishing rod. Tel: cc:oacòn:.
6.4.6. Things done to animals
e- vi. to be caught (in a trap)
usually by the neck.
n:c -c- vi. to be caught (in a trap)
usually by a limb.
c`_ n. falling stone trap (used to kill
small animals such as rats and
birds). Tel: s:oooo. Hin: 9 d|.
.o n. cage. Tel: .ooc:.
``- -s- vt. to train up (a child), raise
(horses, etc.).
6.5. Working with buildings
c- vt. to plaster, smear, daub.
cc n. carpenter. Hin: 4(.
6.5.1. Building
6.5.1.1. Types of houses
n:c_ n. hut. Tel: n:c-.
cc n. open-roofed enclosure for
animals. Tel: .eLyc `s.
coc n. shelter. Tel: .oco.
o-cc n. palace. Tel: o_c:.
o`' n. house, home. Tel: =c: .
Hin: P4|.
6. Work and occupation 6.6. Occupations
6.5.2. Parts of a building
cc n. main horizontal wooden
beam to support the roof of a
dwelling.
s`-c n. niche in wall.
no n. wall or partition usually of
mud with wooden pillars for re-
inforcement. Tel: =oe c:e:
se < ocsc:.
`cc n. beam. Tel: ccc:. Hin: H'|.
c:cC n. wooden cross beam of
house. Tel: ccc:.
è n. board, plank, slate. Tel: s_;
.cs. Hin: 1|.
c:ocC n. vertical pole (with a
pointed end to attach the cross
beam patti') used for the side
of a house.
c` n. rafter, each of the sloping
beams forming the framework
of a roof. Tel: n:o; c^c:.
Hin: H'|.
^c1 n. the horizontal beam(s) of
wood used to hold up the eaves
of a house, or shelter (such as a
marriage shelter).
6.5.2.2. Roof
c. n. roof, covering. Hin: U3.
cc n. roof. Hin: U3.
c:on n. roof, lean to. Hin: U3.
c c n. eaves of roof. Tel: n:o.
6.5.2.4. Door
sLc n. door made of wood.
Tel: oc:.y. Hin: d1|H|.
6.5.2.6. Foundation
Hin: |d|.
6.5.3. Building materials
=e_ n. brick. Tel: =e:s.
sc n. nail (for carpentry etc.).
Tel: c c:.
s_o/ n. wood chips (pl.). Tel: s_c:.
oc n. bamboo mat.
ee n. 1 bamboo matting used for
walls. Tel: ocs.
2 door made of bamboo
matting.
co n. pole (vertical). Tel: n:o.
.c_ n. tile. Tel: .osec: .
.c n. bamboo matting. Tel: ocs.
c n. iron-nail.
6.5.4. Infrastructure
6.5.4.1. Road
ô n. road, path. Tel: co ; ce.
Hin: Ps4.
6.5.4.2. Boundary
co1 n. boundary. Hin: |4|.
6.6. Occupations
scc n. winemaker.
s:c_C1 n. potter. Tel: s:cocc:.
Hin: 4 P (|1.
O n. blacksmith. Tel: sco.
Hin: H|(|1.
cocoC n. cobbler.
cLC n. fisherman. Tel: .c:
.e cv:_. Hin: PUH .
c'oC n. fisherman. Hin: PUH .
cc n. tanner (person who tans
animal hides). Tel: ccn.
6. Work and occupation 6.6.5.1. Draw, paint
-. n. tailor. Tel: co . Hin: dH|.
``c n. witch-doctor. Tel: coonc:.
6.6.1. Working with cloth
sc- 1 vi. to go through narrow
space.
2 vt. to thread a needle.
s`c- vt. to poke, sew, pierce, hoe.
Tel: s:e: .
<:c_ n. webbing for bed.
<C n. thread. Tel: coc:.
D-s- vt. to weave. Hin: 4|.
ô- vt. to weave. Hin: 4|.
`cccC n. a person of the weaver
caste. Tel: -o.coa.
`ccc n. a female person of the
weaver caste.
-. n. tailor. Tel: co . Hin: dH|.
6.6.1.1. Cloth
noc n. small piece of cloth.
Tel: .c:s. Hin: 4s|.
`cc n. cloth. Tel: ce c:. Hin: 4s|.
6.6.2. Working with minerals
6.6.2.3. Working with metal
s`c- vc. to forge (implements).
O n. blacksmith. Tel: sco.
Hin: H|(|1.
cs0 n. anvil. Tel: cn 0.
``-oC n. goldsmith. Tel: l`c'c:.
Hin: P|1.
6.6.2.4. Working with clay
s:c_C1 n. potter. Tel: s:cocc:.
Hin: 4 P (|1.
s:c_ potter's wife.
6.6.2.7. Working with stone
<C n. chisel for use with rocks.
6.6.3. Working with wood
ss`c n. plane. Tel: Dc<o.
soc_ n. thread on a screw.
ss n. chisel for cutting wood.
Do_ n. file.
.oo n. plate (large).
.c - vt. to screw.
co_ n. carving tool used primarily
for on wood.
c-C-coc n. sharpening stone.
cc n. carpenter. Hin: 4(.
^:c n. hammer. Tel: ^:c .
6.6.3.1. Lumbering
-c_- vt. to cut down (a tree, or grass),
split (wood).
6.6.3.2. Wood
-oc n. splinter. Hin: 41.
6.6.4. Crafts
6.6.4.2. Basket weaving
e`. n. basket. Tel: n:c ; no..
Hin: |41|.
^:. n. small basket. Tel: D<_ no..
Hin: U|| |41|.
6.6.4.3. Working with leather
cocoC n. cobbler.
coco n. wife of cobbler.
cc n. tanner (person who tans
animal hides). Tel: ccn.
oo` n. cobbler's stand.
6.6.5. Art
<s_ n. drawing.
6.6.5.1. Draw, paint
s eo- vi. to draw a line.
nc` eo- vi. to draw a line.
6. Work and occupation 6.8.3.1. Give, donate
6.6.7. Working with water
Hin: |d|.
Lo C n. washerman. Hin: |4|.
6.6.7.2. Conveying water
s n. pitcher. Hin: 4HP|.
oon n. pitcher. Hin: 4HP|.
6.6.7.3. Controlling water
oco n. dam. Tel: oaLy.
6.7. Tool
6.7.1. Cutting tool
<C n. chisel for use with rocks.
``c n. big chisel.
6.7.2. Pounding tool
o`sC n. wooden pestle. Tel: o`s0.
6.7.4. Carrying tool
sD n. carrying yoke with slings at
each end for carrying things.
6.7.7. Container
c ee n. large basket for
transporting manure by bullock
cart.
non n. large earthen vessel.
Tel: nonvc:.
nn n. bronze pitcher. Tel: Ooc.
ee n. vessel made of metal
sheeting.
Ooc n. vessel. Hin: 413.
Oc n. large basket.
`ò n. large earthen vessel. Tel: oL_.
oo n. long basket.
6.7.7.1. Bag
coD n. bag. Tel: ôD. Hin: $|1|.
oo n. shoulder bag.
``c n. large bag.
-s_ n. net bag to hang things in.
Tel: ee .
6.7.8. Parts of tools
coc n. handle, shaft (of tool such as
an axe, or digger).
c:e n. 1 fist. Tel: .cs0. Hin: P'.
2 short handle (of implement,
weapon, whip etc.) that can by
gripped by the fist.
6.8. Finance
6.8.1. Have wealth
6.8.1.1. Possess
oc_ pron. their own.
6.8.1.2. Have sufficient
.yo-c- vi. to suffice.
6.8.1.4. Wealthy
c<c' n. rich man. Tel: c<c:
nccc:.
6.8.1.5. Have insufficient
csc-c- vi. to be insufficient to
wear.
co adj. it is enough, (no more!).
Tel: c:. Hin: 4|9|.
sD_ n. deficiency, want of money.
Tel: os:_L.
6.8.2. Accumulate wealth
c' n. wealth (often specifically
meaning 'wealth in cattle').
Tel: c<c:. Hin: .
6.8.2.2. Make profit
sc_o-s- vt. to earn. Hin: 4P||.
òc n. profit, use.
6.8.3. Share wealth
6.8.3.1. Give, donate
coc' n. gift (of cattle such as cows,
goats or buffaloes) for marriage
7. Physical actions 7.1.6. Lean
usually from the bride's parents
to the couple.
cc n. gift (of things excluding
cattle, such as clothes and
household items) for weddings
or housewarming ceremonies.
6.8.3.4. Beggar
O_noc n. beggar (f.).
6.8.4. Financial transactions
6.8.4.1. Buy
coc n. provisions, supplies.
`c' n. goods, materials. Hin: P|P|.
6.8.4.2. Sell
cL- vt. to sell. Tel: ccco.
Hin: 4|.
6.8.4.7. Spend
so_ n. expenditure. Tel: soa_c:.
6.8.4.8. Store, marketplace
oe:o n. small fair, bazaar. Tel: conc.
6.8.6. Money
sò n. coin. Tel: .^c:. Hin: P4 4|.
sò o/ n. money. Tel: cc:_c:. Hin: P|.
.o` n. money. Tel: o`c:. Hin: P|.
;o n. a small copper coin.
Oc n. coin. Hin: P4 4|.
oa._o/ n. money (pl.). Tel: o`c:.
Hin: P|.
ce n. a small copper coin.
6.8.9. Dishonest financial practices
6.8.9.1. Steal
sC- vt. to steal. Hin: 1||.
sc n. thief. Tel: con. Hin: |1.
ce -s- vt. to loot, rob, steal, thieve.
Tel: con0oc:e. Hin: |1|.
co-s- vt. to remove or strip
something without permission,
steal. Hin: ||.
6.8.9.5. Take by force
eoc- vt. to snatch something away.
Hin: ||.
6.9. Business organization
c:s' n. shop. Tel: c:scc:. Hin: d4| .
6.9.2. Labor
cO n. employment, work. Tel: s0.
Hin: |41|.
6.9.3. Marketing
c n. travelling fair, market,
bazaar. Tel: oo. Hin: PH|.
7. Physical actions
7.1. Posture
7.1.1. Stand
o- vc. to put standing.
c- vc. to put standing, to stop.
7.1.2. Sit
ec- vt. to sit, take place. Tel: so`_.
Hin: 4|.
ec:- vc. to seat.
e.y- vc. to seat, put sitting.
7.1.3. Lie down
.c- vi. to lie down, sleep.
7.1.6. Lean
cC - vi. to lean against.
eL_- vt. to lean heavily on a stick as
an old man does.
s-- - vi. to lean on.
7. Physical actions 7.2.2.4. Move up
7.1.8. Bend down
c:c_- vi. to stoop.
7.1.9. Move a part of the body
sò-3 vi. to bend while dancing.
sò1 n. folded arms (in order to
cradle a baby). Tel: ò.
oc_ n. swaying movement (hips)
while dancing.
cn-s- vt. to bend. Hin: P1|s|.
Lo- vi. to bend. Tel: Lonoc.
Hin: P1|s|.
7.2. Move
7.2.1. Manner of movement
oc n. shudder.
7.2.1.1. Walk
sC_- advl. on foot.
- vt. to trample, tread on.
cs- vi. to walk, be in progress.
Tel: <c:c:e.
cL_- vt. to tread down, trample.
òo n. step. Hin: ".
c0- vi. to stroll, roam, wander.
Tel: On. Hin: (H|.
7.2.1.2. Run
Do- vi. to run. Tel: eoa_e. Hin: d|s|.
7.2.1.3. Crawl
-c_- vi. to crawl (on stomach).
Hin: 1 "|.
co/- vi. to creep, crawl.
7.2.1.4. Jump
cL_- vi. 1 to jump. Tel: c:<:s:.
Hin: 3UH|.
2 to bubble while boiling.
3 to beat (as in a person's heart
or pulse).
co- vi. to jump, leap, hop.
Hin: 3UH|.
7.2.1.5. Move quickly
7.2.1.5.1. Move slowly
eL- vt. to pull, drag. Hin: ||.
sò-1 vi. to scuff (scrape) along the
ground.
oo- vt. to drag, pull along.
Tel: c-oe: .
7.2.1.6. Move purposefully
7.2.1.6.1. Wander
conC n. vagabond, wanderer,
someone unable to pay back a
loan, loser. Tel: ccco.
7.2.1.8. Walk with difficulty
sc- vi. to limp, be lame. Hin: H"s||.
se n. lame woman. Tel: s:oe.
s`c -`- vi. to stumble.
7.2.1.8.1. Slip, slide
;- -c- vi. to slip.
O^c_- vi. to slip, slide.
7.2.2. Move in a direction
ss n. side. Hin: H1.
s`' n. direction. Tel: cc. Hin: H1.
nL (n._) advl. down(wards).
ô -cs- vi. to go along the road.
Tel: ceò .
7.2.2.3. Move sideways
o:c:s _ advl. in short steps, dragging
one's feet (in dancing).
7.2.2.4. Move up
o - vt. to climb. Hin: |.
c - vt. to climb up, mount.
7. Physical actions 7.2.3.5. Move past, over, through
cc- vi. to rise, get up, fly up.
Tel: cc:.
cL- vi. to rise, go up (as in waves).
L- vi. to rise, to stand up.
C- vi. to stand, to rise. Tel: c:_oc:.
Hin: s| (|.
7.2.2.5. Move down
n._ c- vi. to fall down.
c:O-s- vt. to sink, drown.
c:c -c- vi. 1 to sink, drown, set (of
sun).
2 to make a loss (either on an
investment, or a loan to
someone).
cc-c- vi. to fall down.
oo- vi. to descend (from a
mountain), alight (from a
vehicle). Tel: cn:. Hin: 331|.
ccC-c- vi. to sag (mattress, or
woven surface, basket, etc.),
sink.
7.2.2.6. Turn
Oo- vi. to turn. Hin: Ps|.
Oo vc. to cause to turn. Hin: Ps|.
7.2.2.7. Move in a circle
n-n advl. round and round.
7.2.2.8. Move back and forth
e- vt. to swing a cradle. Hin: s|H|.
eo/- vt. to swing. Hin: s|H|.
oc -s- vt. to shake off (dust from
clothes, or fruit from tree),
thresh lightly.
oc - - vi. to shudder (animals have
to do this before they can be
sacrificed).
oc-c- vi. to swing. Hin: s|H|.
c0- vi. to shake. Hin: $$|s|.
cc- vi. to shake. Hin: $$|s|.
c'D-s- vt. to swing. Hin: |"|.
c'c -c- vi. to swing. Hin: |"|.
o0-s- vt. to shake. Hin: $$|s|.
7.2.3. Move toward something
c- vi. to fall. Hin: "1|.
s:- vi. to fall, or drop (leaves, or
fruit etc.).
cc -s- vt. to hoist (a flag), pull
something up.
7.2.3.2. Go
c- vi. to go. Tel: .c.
``'- vi. to go. Tel: ``c:; ``. Hin: H|.
7.2.3.2.1. Come
c- vi. to come. Tel: oc0. Hin: H|.
7.2.3.3. Leave
7.2.3.3.1. Arrive
`ò -c- vi. to reach. Tel: occ:.
oL- vt. to reach.
7.2.3.4. Move in
-o/- vi. to enter. Tel: `c:_e.
Hin: P|.
7.2.3.4.1. Move out
.- - vi, vt. to go out, come out, bring
out, emerge, rise (sun).
Tel: Jc co.
Do- vi. to dawn, emerge.
7.2.3.5. Move past, over, through
cL- vt. to cross.
L- vt. to cross, ford, climb up/over,
ascend, go up. Tel: Js_co.
`. -s- vt. to catch up with. Tel: cos
.e: e.
7. Physical actions 7.3.1.1. Throw
7.2.3.6. Return
cC- vi. to return. Tel: cc:_.
Hin: H||.
7.2.5. Flee, pursue
.yc- vt. 1 drive. Tel: <c:.y.
2 to chase.
7.2.5.1. Chase away
``c- vc. to drive away.
7.2.6. Travel
7.2.6.1. Travel by land
co-s:e n. spoke of a wheel.
s:oC n. spoke of wheel.
7.2.6.1.1. Vehicle
soe n. metal peg used on the end of
the bullock cart wheel to keep
the axle on.
cs- vc. to drive, to lead.
.yc- vt. 1 drive. Tel: <c:.y.
2 to chase.
è n. frame of cart.
-osC n. bicycle. Tel: -sc:.
7.2.6.2. Travel by water
7.2.6.2.1. Boat
os n. boat. Tel: -`s. Hin: |.
cc n. boat, trough. Tel: -`s. Hin: |.
7.2.6.2.2. Swim
<c - vi. to swim (humans). Tel: eo.
7.2.6.2.3. Dive
nL c:c:o/- vi. to dive down, sink
down.
c:c:o/- vi. to dive.
7.2.7. Not moving
7.2.7.1. Stop moving
c/- vi. to stop, stand. Tel: cnoc.
Hin: 1|4|.
c.y- vt. to stop. Tel: c.cc:.
Hin: 1|4|.
e- vi. to accumulate.
7.2.7.2. Stay, remain
cs- vi. to remain, survive, be
spared. Hin: 4 "|.
c-_c gerund. to stay.
co_- vt. 1 to spare, cause to
remain. Hin: 4|.
2 to cause to win.
7.2.7.3. Wait
c-_' n. hesitation. Tel: c<:c<o.
co- vi. to wait a while, or stop.
Tel: cn:.
ô -^c- vt. to wait for, expect (lit. to
watch the road).
7.2.8. Lose your way
c:s_-c- vi. to get lost.
cD -s- vi. to get lost.
7.2.9. Send someone
o`L- vt. to send. Hin: HH|, HH||.
7.3. Move something
ô_-c- vi. to shift.
7.3.1. Carry
so- vt. to shoulder, carry on
shoulder.
c`- vt. to carry on head.
c- vt. to carry away, take and go.
Tel: O^:s``Lco. Hin: ||.
7.3.1.1. Throw
,s-s- vt. to throw. Tel: D^cc:.
Hin: $|4|.
Tel: D^:oae; co:c:.
Hin: $|4|.
7. Physical actions 7.3.2.9. Push
^:o- vt. to throw, discard.
7.3.1.2. Catch
covt. to catch. Hin: 4s|.
o0-s- vt. to catch (something) while
if falls down. Hin: 4s|.
.- vt. to hold, seize. Tel: .e: .
Hin: 4s|.
7.3.1.4. Knock over
oC_- vi. to be spilt.
c`c - vi. to be spilt.
c:c- vi. to tip over, be immersed.
Hin: s 4||.
7.3.2. Move something in a direction
co- vc. to cause to fall.
7.3.2.4. Lift
c- vi. to stand erect.
oL- vt. to raise the position
something.
cL- vt. to raise, lift. Hin: 3H|1|.
cc- vc. to raise, cause to rise.
Hin: 3H|1|.
.y- vc. 1 to raise, put standing, to
make erect. Hin: 3H|1|.
2 to cause to stop (a moving
vehicle).
7.3.2.4.1. Hang
ce_-s- vt. to hang. Hin: |"|.
sc- 1 vi. to go through narrow
space.
2 vt. to thread a needle.
`- -s- vt. 1 to hang clothing, rope, or
bag on something.
2 to tuck in clothing (like the
end portion of a 'sari' or 'dhoti').
eon-s- vt. to hang meat (a sheep or
goat in order cut it up into
pieces). Hin: |"|.
co/-co/-c- vi. to dangle. Hin: H4|.
7.3.2.5. Lower something
oL- vt. to lower. Tel: coc:.
7.3.2.6. Put in
c:_- vt. to insert, push in, fit in, to
thrust.
-L- vt. to put in.
7.3.2.7. Take something out of something
o- vi. to spill, drop.
oaL- vc. to cause to spill, drop.
coc- vt. to take out, remove, draw
(water). Tel: Oo_cc:.
Hin: 4|H|.
c- vt. to pull out, uproot. Tel: .s:.
oso-s- vt. to empty out, clear out, take
out everything.
7.3.2.8. Pull
eL- vt. to pull, drag. Hin: ||.
sò-1 vi. to scuff (scrape) along the
ground.
no_ n. winding mechanism on well.
oo- vt. to drag, pull along.
Tel: c-oe: .
D_- vt. to pull down.
7.3.2.9. Push
sc- vi. to roll over, topple over.
sc- vc. to push over.
nc_-s- vt. to pack into a small space
(too many people on a bus, or
too many clothes into a trunk).
c:s _ n. a prod or poke.
7. Physical actions 7.3.7. Cover
cn -s- vt. to push. Hin: 4 H|.
.^_- vt. knead, squeeze. Tel: .oc
sc:_e.
.- vt. to squeeze out.
Tel: Oo_cc:. Hin: |s|.
7.3.3. Take somewhere
co-c- vt. to bring. Hin: H||.
o- vt. to bring. Tel: cc:_e. Hin: H||.
7.3.3.1. Take something from somewhere
co-``' - vt. to take away, take with.
7.3.3.2. Return something
cc- vc. to return, bring back.
Hin: H||.
7.3.3.5. Receive
.ye- vc. to get, acquire, procure,
search and find.
Tel: ô`coc:e, co oc:e.
Hin: ||.
7.3.3.6. Distribute
o- vt. to share, divide.
7.3.4. Handle something
7.3.4.1. Touch
=c- vt. to touch. Tel: c:e: e. Hin: U| .
7.3.4.2. Pick up
.- vt. pick up.
oo- vt. to take, buy, fetch. Tel: O^:s`.
7.3.4.3. Put down
=- vt. to put, keep. Tel: eoc:.
7.3.4.4. Hold
oo- vt. to take to lap, take on
shoulder.
7.3.4.5. Actions of the hand
so n. itch. Tel: na .
s_- vt. to pinch. Tel: nc:_e.
n--s- vt. to rub with hands.
n`sc n. itch. Tel: na .
le -s- vt. to rub 'pan' in palm.
De_-s- vi. to snap fingers.
c:o-s- vt. to massage to relieve pain.
`. -s- vi. to pat on the back.
`L- vi. to itch.
cc_- vt. to scratch. Tel: n`s:e.
Hin: ||.
c-_ n. stroke.
7.3.5. Turn something
Dc:o/- vi. to turn over.
Dc- vi. to turn over.
7.3.6. Open
covt. to open. Tel: coa_e.
Hin: |H|.
7.3.6.1. Shut, close
sL- vt. to shut, close. Tel: co:e.
Hin: P||.
7.3.6.2. Block, dam up
se n. embankment, dam.
co n. bank, embankment, house
foundation. Tel: ec: .
c:L- vt. to block, plug.
c- vi. to be blocked.
7.3.7. Cover
c:- vt. to cover. Tel: s._e.
Hin: U|, U| .
c- vt. to cover a house (e.g. with
thatch, tiles, or corrugated
sheets). Tel: s._e.
7. Physical actions 7.4.1.1. Separate, scatter
7.3.8. Transportation
soonc n. metal pin or bolt fitted to a
cart to prevent the axle
slipping.
s^ n. bullock cart. Tel: Jc: ccoc .
`n n. saddle.
no n. wheel. Tel: cs o. Hin: H.
Dc n. peg for keeping wheel on the
axle.
s n. small bullock cart for
carrying people. Tel: D<_ Jc: c
coc.
oc s^ n. bullock cart with a
bamboo mat covering.
oC n. decorative bullock blanket
on which patterns are
embroidered.
c.y_c n. part of cart holding body
to axle.
-n n. part of the chassis of a
bullock cart (main length-wise
piece of wood; two are required
for each cart).
;c n. circular part of wheel.
cc n. outer-most metal rim of a
bullock cart wheel.
7.3.9. Keep something
7.3.9.2. Throw away
eO-s- vt. to discard liquid (by pushing
over container).
7.4. Arrange, organize
coc -s- vt. to arrange, tidy, set (trap).
Hin: PH||.
c- vi. to start a fire, get a fire
going.
os cs =- vt. to place things in a
disordered manner. Hin: 41|.
7.4.1. Gather
ec- vt. to scrape up.
s:. n. heap. Tel: s:._.
s:.-s- vt. to heap.
c-s- vt. to gather. Hin: 3Ps|.
c -c- vi. to gather. Hin: 3Ps|.
coc n. collection, girls or ladies
collect money from others in
the village in a cloth.
Do-s- vt. to gather, collect. Tel: c
occ:.
Do-c- vi. to gather. Tel: n:Dscoa.
oD_-s- vt. to heap.
oL- vi. to gather, assemble.
Hin: 3Ps|.
ce_ n. division, heap. Hin: 4|1|.
oooc 2 n. collection box used by
religious people.
7.4.1.1. Separate, scatter
no-s- vt. to strain, sieve, filter.
c- vt. to spread something out
(blanket, paper, etc.).
O- vt. to sift, removing small
stones from rice.
.n-s vt. to spread out on the ground.
Hin: 9 H|.
.n-c vi. to be spread.
,s-c- vi. to be spread, separated.
os cs c- vi. to be scattered.
Hin: U4|.
os- vt. to scatter.
7. Physical actions 7.6.1. Hit
Tel: D^:oae; co:c:.
Hin: $|4|.
7.4.2. Join
sc- vt. 1 to meet. Hin: PH|.
2 to join.
DL e:oc- vi. to stick, fix, join, bond,
attach, glue. Hin: 4|.
e:oc- vi. to stick, be stuck (to
clothing). Hin: 4|.
cL- vt. to tie, attach, bind. Hin: H"||.
7.4.2.4. Remove part of something
eoao/- vt. to break off.
s- vt. to scrape off, strip.
7.4.4. Tie
cD -s-2 vt. to tie down.
sc_ n. stick twisted in rope or string
for bringing two things together
(for example in tightening a
drum).
ne n. knot, bundle, clump, parcel
(usually bound together in a
piece of cloth). Tel: c:c.
Hin: "|, "1|.
7.4.4.2. Rope, string
e n. 1 frayed end of a rope.
Tel: e: .
2 the tuft of hair remaining
after a head has been shaved.
cD n. rope for leading or tying up
cattle (halter). Tel: o<:n:.
-c n. rope. Tel: c c:. Hin: 1P P|.
co n. thin strip of bamboo used for
tying things. Tel: coc:.
co n. leather rope or strap.
Tel: co_.
`s n. chain. Tel: n`c:_. Hin: HH|1.
^:O n. string, thin rope. Hin: 3|.
7.4.4.5. Wrap
n:oc-s- vt. to wrap, roll up.
Hin: H|.
7.5. Hide
s:._-c- vi. to enter into something
to hide one self. Tel: òcc:.
cs- vi. to hide. Hin: U|, U| .
cs-- - vt. to hide something.
Tel: cc:e.
Do- vi. to be covered over, buried,
immersed.
7.5.1. Search
cL_- vt. to search for. Tel: coas:.
7.5.2. Find
.yc- vi. to be gotten, born, found,
discovered.
7.6. Physical impact
7.6.1. Hit
c. -c- vi. to hit against.
ec -s- vt. to strike a target (with a
bullet, stone, marble).
s:D_ s- vt. to strike with the fist (not
necessarily to punch').
c` -`- vt. to slap.
`- vt. to beat, strike. Tel: sè: .
Hin: ||.
c n. blow, beating.
2 to dent.
2 to dent.
7. Physical actions 7.7.9. Destroy
7.6.5. Press
cc_- vt. to press, squeeze. Hin: d4||.
cO-s- vt. to press with great force.
Hin: d4||.
7.6.6. Rub
cD_-s- vt. to shine, polish.
Hin: P4|.
cc_-c- vi. to shine, polish.
Hin: P4|.
7.6.7. Grind
Tel: c . Hin: 4 |.
-- vt. to grind. Tel: =^: e. Hin: |P|.
7.7. Divide into pieces
eò/-cc- vt. to split up, divide.
Tel: cnc: o:e.
.o- vi. to be split.
.o- vc. to split.
7.7.1. Break
eo- vt. to break, or snap. Hin: 3|s|.
e:s -s- vt. to break into pieces.
OL- vi. to break off while cutting.
Hin: 3|s|.
OLy- vc. to break off while cutting.
Hin: 3|s|.
<L- vi. to break, be broken, snap a
rope. Hin: 3|s|.
<D- vc. to break. Hin: 3|s|.
.c- vi. to pop (grain).
cL- 1 vi. to hatch (of young bird).
2 vt. to burst, break open.
c- vi. to burst. Tel: .n0oc.
7.7.3. Cut
c_- vt. to cut, carve, cut throat (as in
sacrifice). Hin: 4||.
sO-s- vt. to cut with teeth or scissors.
Tel: sOooc:e. Hin: 4||.
Do-s- vt. to cut open, incise.
o- vt. to cut by striking (with an
axe).
7.7.4. Tear, rip
^- vi. to be torn. Hin: |1|.
ô- vc. to tear. Hin: |1|.
ô-s- vt. to tear, make a way.
Hin: |1|.
7.7.5. Make hole, opening
s`c- vt. to poke, sew, pierce, hoe.
Tel: s:e: .
sè- vc. to prick, stab.
noc- vt. to pierce, prick, stab, become
embedded (thorn). Hin: H|.
nc covt. to bore hole.
-o- vt. to drill.
7.7.6. Dig
Hin: |d|.
cc- vt. to burrow.
7.7.7. Damage
c - vi. to melt, dissolve, wear out.
Hin: H|.
7.7.9. Destroy
o-s- vt. to spoil. Hin: 4"|s|.
o-c- vi. to be spoiled.
co-co-c- vi. to be completely
destroyed.
<:s_' n. destruction. Hin: |H.
8. States 8.1.7. Much, little
7.8. Repair
^:c -s- vt. to clean, mend, sharpen (an
instrument).
8. States
8.1. Quantity
8.1.1. Count
=`` n. counting. Tel: cs_. Hin: "|.
sL- vt. to calculate, count, measure.
Tel: cs_oc:e.
cs- vt. to count. Tel: cs_. Hin: "|.
8.1.1.5. Divide
.cc ' adjl. quarter.
,s-s- vt. to divide, separate, spread.
8.1.2. Number
8.1.2.1. Cardinal numbers
Refer to Numbers section on page 138
8.1.2.2. Ordinal numbers
c`c adjl. first, previous, earlier.
Tel: .yo_o.
c:`` pron. second, another, next.
Hin: dP1| .
.cc adv-ppn. first, at first, earlier,
before. Tel: cc:.
8.1.2.3. Number of times
eoc `s adv. once. Tel: es_ ò.
8.1.2.6. Fraction
co` adjl. half. Tel: ^nc:. Hin: H|.
^c_ num. one and a quarter.
8.1.2.7. Sequence
co advl. 1 again. Tel: =os; cv_.
Hin: 91.
2 afterwards. Tel: oo_o. Hin: 4|d
P.
8.1.3. Many
=`_ pron. this much, this many
(nm.). Tel: =oo.
=D_ pron. this many (m.).
8.1.4. More
8.1.4.2. Increase
cc -s- vt. to increase. Hin: 4|.
cc -c- vi. to increase. Hin: 4|.
8.1.5. All
O-O_- all kinds of. Tel: c-s
osc:.
^D pron. all, everything, everybody
(nm.). Tel: c_; o c:.
Hin: P4.
^D pron. all, everybody (m.).
Tel: cocoa. Hin: P4.
o clitic. each. Hin: 3 4.
8.1.5.6. Only
-o L attr. only.
8.1.6. Whole
oc' post. whole. Hin: P|1|.
8.1.6.1. Part
e` n. part, piece. Tel: cnc:.
Hin: H|".
e:s n. piece. Tel: c:s_. Hin: 4s .
8.1.7. Much, little
c`_ pron. that much, that many
(nm.). Tel: coc.
cD_ pron. that many (m.).
c:c adj. small. Tel: D<_c. Hin: U||.
8. States 8.2.4.1. Big
` adjl. more, too much, too many.
Tel: Js:_L. Hin: 4(3
.
cc adjl. much, many. Hin: 4(3
.
cc adjl. some. Hin: 4 U.
cc o_C adj. generous.
.o- vi. to be replete, satisfied, filled,
full up.
co (c ) adjl. much, many. Hin: 4(3
.
8.1.8. Degree
-c clitic. 1 than.
2 even though (used after a
past or negative conditional
form).
oL_C ppnl. up to, until. Tel: Los:.
co clitic. up to, until. Tel: cs.
Hin: 34.
8.1.8.1. Completely
c`_c adv. completely. Tel: .yo n.
Hin: 3.
8.2. Measure
cc n. a measure. Tel: cs.
sL- vt. to calculate, count, measure.
Tel: cs_oc:e.
oc 1 num. twenty of something
(used particularly for animals).
Tel: =oaLc.
2 n. a measure.
nc_2 n. a measure.
-c n. a measure.
co cc n. measuring stick made of
bamboo.
8.2.1. Weight
`s-s- vt. to weigh.
`- n. weighing stone.
8.2.1.2. Light in weight
oc_C adj. light, easy.
oc'_ adjl. light, easy.
8.2.2. Length
se n. cubit (the length of one's
forearm).
ooc n. breadth. Tel: ccc:_.
8.2.2.2. Short
csc adj. short.
e:._ adj. short in height. Tel: `è .
coc adj. short in length. Tel: oc;
s:oac.
8.2.2.3. Tall
ec n. height.
e`C adj. tallest. Tel: Joa .
cC adj. tall, high. Tel: Joa .
8.2.3. Area
nc n. measurement for the
foundation of a house.
.e n. area, region. Hin: H|".
8.2.4. Volume
De n. half pound (approx.)
measure.
ò0 n. measure for measuring
grain. Tel: cs.
.c_ n. handful.
c:s_ n. handful (of food). Tel: c:c .
c:e -c' n. handful.
`òo n. a measure. Tel: oL_.
8.2.4.1. Big
cn adj. big. Tel: .c . Hin: 4s.
.o`_ adj. older man, big, fat,
important (m.). Tel: .c coa.
Hin: 4s|.
cc -s- vt. to increase. Hin: 4|.
8. States 8.3.1.6. Round
cc -c- vi. to increase. Hin: 4|.
8.2.4.4. Get smaller
cs -c-1 vi. to shrink (as in cloth).
c:o-c:o-c- vi. to shrivel up.
c'e`-`òc- vi. to shrink (cheeks).
Tel: Ds_ ``Lcc:.
8.2.4.5. Fat, thick
s`c_o n. fat.
8.2.4.6. Thin
.c` adj. thin (used for flat things).
8.2.4.7. Full
oc- vi. to be full.
8.2.4.8. Empty
con_C adj. bare, barren. Tel: Le .
8.2.5. Fit, size
Loa- vt. to bend something around in
order to fit it to something.
8.2.5.1. Tight, loose
cc C-s- vt. to loosen something that is
tight.
oo/- vi. to come loose (rope).
8.2.5.2. Wedged in, stuck
oc- vi. to get stuck (choke on food,
or clothing gets caught on a
protruding object).
8.3. Quality
ccC pron. of what kind? (nm.).
cc` pron. of what kind? (m.).
8.3.1. Shape
cc -s- vt. to mold, form, knead.
cc -c- vi. to form (e.g. cloud).
8.3.1.2. Line
s n. line. Hin: H|4.
nc` n. line. Tel: coc:; co'.
Hin: H|4.
8.3.1.4. Horizontal
8.3.1.4.1. Vertical
o- vt. to be standing.
8.3.1.4.2. Leaning, sloping
ec n. mountain path, steep
downward slope.
cc n. mountain path, steep upward
slope.
8.3.1.5. Bent
`c -s- vt. to join, fold. Tel: oeo:e.
Hin: H|s|.
c:c - vt. to fold (a cloth).
c:` n. fold. Hin: 3(.
s -s- vt. to fold.
8.3.1.5.1. Rolled up
n:oc -c- vi. to be wrapped, rolled up.
8.3.1.5.2. Twist, wring
ce-`- vt. to twist something.
Hin: 7|.
nc-`- vi. to lie in coils (snake, rope).
-c- vt. to make rope by twisting,
entwine.
.- vt. to wring (clothes).
c:oa c -s- vt. 1 to wring the neck of
an animal.
2 to twist someone's arm or
skin. Hin: 7|.
c:oa c -s- vt. 1 to wring the neck of
an animal.
2 to twist someone's arm or
skin. Hin: 7|.
8.3.1.6. Round
sò_-s- vt. to make into a ball.
8. States 8.3.5. Decay
8.3.2. Texture
8.3.2.3. Sharp
.c_1 n. sharpness.
``c- vi. to be sharp.
8.3.2.3.1. Pointed
s`c n. point, crest. Tel: s`<; cc.
Hin: |4.
L_- n. thorn(s), fishbone(s) (same
word is used for s. and pl.).
8.3.2.3.2. Sharpen
c- - vt. to sharpen.
8.3.2.7. Furrow
c n. furrow dug along by the
plough.
8.3.3. Light
8.3.3.1. Shine
8.3.3.1.1. Light source
DD_ n. kerosene lamp. Tel: c.c:.
Hin: 1|4.
cc_ n. kerosene lamp. Hin: 1|4.
Dc:_s-c:c:_s adj. flashing.
Tel: coa^:e.
Dc_- vc. flash of light (as in
lightning, or glow worms).
Tel: coa^: oc. Hin: P4|.
cc_ n. light (from fire, lamp, sun,
etc.). Tel: cc:oaoa. Hin: H |3.
8.3.3.1.2. Bright
sc_c_ adv. in the light, broad
daylight. Hin: |d|.
8.3.3.2. Dark
-se n. darkness. Tel: oO ; Dse .
Hin: H 4|1.
8.3.3.3. Color
cco/ (cc oo/) pron. which colour?
c` C adj. 1 dirty. Tel: c:o_; <c n.
Hin: "d|.
2 blackish. Tel: sòo <c:.<.
co_C advl. green. Hin: (1|.
8.3.3.3.6. Add color, dye
oo/ n. colour, dye. Tel: oon:.
8.3.3.5. Appear
.- vi. to have gone out (a fire is
extinguished, or seeds
sprouted). Tel: co`òoc.
coc-c- vi. to disappear.
Tel: coc: cL_co.
8.3.4. Temperature
8.3.4.4. Change temperature
covt. to cool.
c- vi. to become cool, quench
thirst. Tel: cc ooc.
en -c- vi. to melt.
s- vi. to heat, become hot, to be
boiled. Tel: cc.
-o-c- vi. to become cool.
Tel: cc ccoc .
8.3.5. Decay
sc - vi. to become rotten,
decompose, to go off.
sc- vc. to cause to rot.
so_e n. scraps of food left on a plate
for several days (get stuck on
and dry).
<c n. the powder that is produced
by woodworms in wood or
weevils in food.
Tel: còo.yoan:.
8. States 8.4.1. Period of time
.yc - vi. to proliferate, infest (insects
in fruit, or wound on an
animal).
D- vi. to wear out. Hin: "P H||.
^c -c- vi. to rot, decay, decompose,
become spoilt.
8.3.5.1. Eaten by rust, insects
<- n. insect rust on plants, weevil.
Tel: <- .
8.3.5.3. Garbage
s -sc n. rubbish, waste, litter, trash.
Tel: o coc:. Hin: 41|.
c:oas n. small pieces of trash, rubbish,
or waste. Tel: oas:_.
Do_ n. rubbish, garbage, refuse.
8.3.5.4. Preserve
oo n. pickles. Tel: .c_c .
8.3.6. Class
O n. kind, sort. Tel: osc:. Hin: 4|1.
O-O_- all kinds of. Tel: c-s
osc:.
8.3.6.2. Compare
cn n. plate used in weighing scales.
Tel: oo; c ^:.
co' . . . co' . . . as....so.
8.3.6.2.2. Like, similar
cL clitic. like, in the manner.
co' . . . co' . . . advl. like . . . like
. . .
co ppnl. like, resemblance.
cc' . . . =c' . . . advl. like this.
8.3.8. Good
c- adj. good. Tel: cocc:.
Hin: H U|.
c`_C adj. good. Tel: cocc<.
Hin: H U|.
`s`c advl, adjl. good, well. Tel: coDn.
Hin: H U|.
`c C adj. good, normal, beautiful,
handsome.
^:c adjl. good, beautiful. Tel: en.
Hin: H U|.
8.3.8.5. Important
sc_ adj. important, crucial, useful.
Hin: P(3 3 .
adjl. important, main.
Tel: cLôc<. Hin: P(3 3 .
8.3.8.7. Suitable
`c -c- vi. to be suitable, similar,
fitting, proper.
8.3.8.9. Value
so c- vt. to be used (or be useful)
for.
so - - vt. to be used (or be useful) for.
so c- vt. to be used (or be useful) for.
òcc c- vi. to be useful.
8.3.9. Appearance
8.3.9.1. Beautiful, ugly
``c n. beauty. Tel: coco. Hin: 4(|1.
``cc adj. beautiful. Tel: cocon.
Hin: Pd1; Pd13|.
8.4. Time
;e_ n. time, hour. Hin: 4|1, 4|1|.
`s n. time, occurrence. Hin: 4|1, 4|1|.
Ls:o (Ls ) n. instance, time. Hin: 4|1,
4|1|.
8.4.1. Period of time
;oe n. hour. Hin: |.
c- n. period, time.
8. States 8.4.1.5. Season
co_ n. day. Tel: o`. Hin: d.
cc n. day. Tel: c<c:. Hin: d.
-e clitic. used after the name of a
day.
.co/ clitic. entirely (occurs only after
the word narka' night).
Hin: 4H4 H.
cc- n. month. Tel: -c. Hin: P(||.
o` n. day. Tel: o`. Hin: d.
`C n. year. Tel: ôLo_oc:.
Hin: P|H.
8.4.1.2. Day
.oC-``c advl. all day long.
Tel: .ncoo.
o` adv. daily. Hin: 1|H.
8.4.1.2.1. Days relative to each other
c' .o_ n. four days from now, (or
possibly even later). Tel: Jc:oc.
-c adv. tomorrow. Tel: o.y.
-_ adj. yesterday. Tel: <_.
-oc adv. today. Tel: =c_c. Hin: HH.
.o_ adv. three days from now.
8.4.1.3. Week
8.4.1.3.1. Days of the week
``c n. Monday. Tel: ``ccoc:.
con c n. Tuesday.
Tel: convcoc:.
c:c_ n. Wednesday. Tel: c:ccoc:.
c^ c n. Thursday.
Tel: n:oacoc:.
^:s c n. Friday. Tel: es coc:.
^-_ n. Saturday. Tel: coc:.
co c n. Sunday. Tel: cccoc:.
8.4.1.4. Month
8.4.1.4.1. Months of the year
o (-cc-) n. month 1
(March-April).
cc o (-cc-) n. month 2
(April-May). Tel: cc:.
c:c-cc o (-cc-) n. month 3
(May-June). Tel: co ocô.
csc (-cc-) n. month 4
(June-July). Tel: c`co (c).
`ò (-cc-) n. month 5
(July-August). Tel: Lco.
cs:o`s (-cc-) n. month 6
(August-September).
ccc (-cc-) n. month 7
(September-October).
so (-cc-) n. month 8
(October-November). Tel: so so.
ê (-cc-) n. month 09
(November-December).
Tel: co o (c-oc).
.y (-cc-) n. month 10
(December-January). Tel: .yc_o.
co' (-cc-) n. month 11
(January-February). Tel: c;o.
coc (-cc-) n. month 12
(February-March).
8.4.1.5. Season
e-_c n. the hot season, summer.
Tel: Jocsco.
nc:o n. season. Hin: #3 .
csco n. the hot season, summer.
Tel: Jocsco.
.-nc:o n. the rainy season,
monsoon. Tel: Lo scc:.
8. States 8.4.5.3.3. Late
.-nc:o n. the cold season, winter.
Tel: c0scc:.
oc -nc:o n. the hot season, summer.
Tel: Jocsco.
8.4.1.6. Year
=ooc adv. this year. Tel: e
ôLo_oc:.
o adj. last year. Tel: no
ôLo_oc:.
`0 advl. annually, once a year.
Tel: .O ôLo_oc:. Hin: (1 P|H.
8.4.2. Time of the day
c:ò advl. at midday, in the
afternoon. Tel: cc_o_o.
8.4.2.2. Dawn
e -c- vi. to dawn.
co_' ``c n. the time of sun rise.
.C Do- vi. to dawn.
co-co-c- vi. to dawn.
8.4.2.3. Morning
cc -``c n. morning, before 9
O'clock.
^s advl. in the morning. Tel: `` c: <.
^s' advl. early in the morning
(emph). Tel: `` c: -.
8.4.2.5. Afternoon
``c s advl. afternoon. Tel: cc_<o.
8.4.2.8. Night
<o_-.co/ advl. all night long.
-se n. darkness. Tel: oO ; Dse .
Hin: H 4|1.
8.4.3. Indefinite time
c-_ adv. then. Tel: c._c:. Hin: 34.
coe adv. on what day? when.
Tel: J._c:. Hin: H4.
c-_' advl. anytime, sometimes.
co advl. 1 again. Tel: =os; cv_.
Hin: 91.
2 afterwards. Tel: oo_o. Hin: 4|d
P.
8.4.4. Telling time
8.4.4.2. Timepieces
;c n. a watch, timepiece.
Tel: ncooc:. Hin: s|.
8.4.5. Relative time
coeo o` n. that day.
c`c c-c-c advl. at an earlier
time, a long time ago.
cC 1 n. beginning. Tel: cc:.
Hin: HF.
2 adv-ppn. earlier, before.
Lo`_- advl. at the same time, all at
once.
o-_(c) -e n. day before yesterday.
8.4.5.1. Temporal sequence
c conj. and. Hin: H1.
eoc attr. and, also. Tel: coc. Hin: H1.
8.4.5.1.3. Happen after
co adv. after. Tel: oo_o. Hin: 4|d.
8.4.5.2. Temporal order
8.4.5.2.1. Happen first
cC 1 n. beginning. Tel: cc:.
Hin: HF.
2 adv-ppn. earlier, before.
8.4.5.3. Punctuality
8.4.5.3.3. Late
e--s- vi. to be late.
sòo n. lateness, delay. Tel: cc^_o.
sòo-s- vi. to be late.
8. States 8.5. Location
8.4.6. Aspectual time
8.4.6.1. Begin
enc -s- vt. to found, begin, start, open.
cL n. time or turn to cast or play.
Hin: 4|1, 4|1|.
L-c- vi. to be founded.
c/- vt. to touch, be necessary, start.
Tel: on0oc. Hin: U| .
^:o-s- vt. to start, begin.
Tel: ` ooOoc:. Hin: H 41|.
8.4.6.1.1. Stop, end
.yo`-s- vt. to complete, finish.
Tel: .yo n.
coc-s- vt. to close, finish.
coc-c- vi. to close, finish.
cL- vt. to finish.
8.4.6.2. Past
c`c` adj. past, former, earlier, old
man. Tel: c:^co_.
8.4.6.3. Present
=os adv. right now. Tel: =._c.
= adv. now. Tel: =._c:.
8.4.6.4. Future
8.4.6.4.1. Soon
co _ adv. immediately, right away,
quickly. Tel: còcon. Hin: HH d|.
co_-co_ advl. quickly. Hin: HH d|-
HH d|.
^._ advl. quickly. Tel: o_on.
Hin: HH d|.
^L-^L advl. quickly. Hin: HH d|-HH d|.
8.4.6.4.4. Until
oL_C ppnl. up to, until. Tel: Los:.
co clitic. up to, until. Tel: cs.
Hin: 34.
8.4.6.4.5. Immediate
co _ adv. immediately, right away,
quickly. Tel: còcon. Hin: HH d|.
8.4.6.5. Age
8.4.6.5.2. Old
cò n. old woman. Hin: 1||.
c`c -c-c advl. in earlier or
ancient times. Tel: .yo_c:.
8.4.6.6. Once
8.4.6.6.1. Again
eoc -co advl. once again.
8.4.6.6.2. Sometimes
c-_-c-_ advl. sometimes.
8.4.6.6.5. Every time
sc adv. whenever. Tel: J._c-.
Hin: H44.
Ls '-Ls advl. recurring time.
8.4.6.6.6. Never
c-_'--c advl. never.
8.4.7. Take time
8.4.7.1. Continue, endure
o/- vi. to last, wear well.
8.4.7.6. Sudden
n _ advl. suddenly. Tel: cs-oan.
Hin: H|4.
8.4.8. Speed
8.4.8.1. Quick
cc_ adv. hurriedly. Tel: còco.
8.4.8.2. Slow
`s_ advl. slowly, carefully, in
measured steps. Tel: cc n.
Hin: |1 .
-o advl. slowly. Tel: cc n. Hin: |1 .
8.5. Location
n n. place. Tel: ^ cc:. Hin: H$s|.
8. States 8.5.2.4. Right, left
8.5.1. Here
=n adv. here. Tel: =s_c.
cs_ adv. hither, to this place.
Tel: =e:.
8.5.1.1. In front of
8.5.1.1.1. Behind
. (. ) adv-ppn. behind, after, since.
Tel: c<:s. Hin: 4 |U .
coo adv-ppn. behind. Tel: .s_s:.
Hin: 4 |U .
8.5.1.2. Beside
8.5.1.2.1. Around
-c:o/ ss adv. on (all) four sides.
8.5.1.2.2. Between
-oo`_ post. amongst. Tel: cè.
<c: o adv-ppn. centre in terms of
location, in between, among, in
the middle (of). Tel: <c.
8.5.1.3. On
`ò` adv-ppn. on, upon. Tel: .<; Dc.
8.5.1.3.1. Under, below
cc adv-ppn. under, underneath.
Tel: s oc.
8.5.1.4. High
c`n n. high place.
8.5.1.5. Inside
``c- vi. to go inside, enter.
o``` adv-ppn. in, inside. Tel: c'.c.
8.5.1.6. Distance
s` n. a distance of two miles.
OO n. span.
8.5.1.6.3. Near
soao adv-ppn. near. Tel: cn o.
Hin: Hd|4.
`. -s- vt. to catch up with. Tel: cos
.e: e.
`. -c- vi. to be caught up to.
-o_c adv-ppn. around, surrounding.
Tel: c:e: . Hin: 4 HP|P.
8.5.1.6.4. Far
co/ adjl. far. Tel: coc:. Hin: d1 .
cs adjl. far. Hin: d1 .
8.5.1.9. Indefinite location
cn adv-ppn. there. Tel: cs_c. Hin: (|.
sc:s-sc:s advl. here and there.
cn ' advl. anywhere, somewhere.
Tel: Js_c-.
cn '--c advl. nowhere.
os_ n. there, thither. Tel: cs_c.
Hin: 371.
cs_-os_ advl. here and there.
8.5.2. Direction
-c:o/ ss adv. on (all) four sides.
8.5.2.1. From, to
---e (--e ') advl. from village to
village,
ooc advl. from there, belonging to
there.
oocC advl. from there.
cocC (cocs) advl. from here.
Tel: =e:<:oc .
8.5.2.3. North, south, east, west
c' n. north.
cCc n. south. Hin: dH.
;ooo/ n. west. Tel: .cco.
Hin: H P.
-coo/ n. east. Tel: ooa_ cs:_.
Hin: 14.
8.5.2.4. Right, left
cc_ adjl. left. Tel: Jcc.
9. Grammar and discourse 9.2.1. Adjectives
cc_ s oc n. on the left hand.
cc_ ss adj. on the left hand side.
O-_ soc adj. on the right hand.
Tel: s:cOc`.
O-_ ss adj. on the right hand side.
8.5.4. Vicinity
8.5.4.1. Occupy an area
L- n. to fill. Hin: H1.
c -cc- vt. to load. Tel: se c.y.
Hin: H|d|.
8.5.5. Spatial relations
.os n. back. Tel: cc c<_ cno.
Hin: |.
coc-os_ advl. from all sides.
c:-_ adv-ppn. forward, before, in
front of. Tel: c:oco. Hin: H.
cocs-oocs advl. from all sides.
8.6. Parts of things
c^:_c n. axle. Tel: =oa_.
sc n. handle (round, usually
attached to large cooking
vessels).
s`c n. corner. Tel: cc. Hin: 4||.
oac_ n. handle. Tel: oacc.
9. Grammar and discourse
9.1. General words
9.1.1. Be
coc- vi. to be, live, stay, continue.
9.1.1.1. Become, change state
cc -s- vt. to change. Hin: 4dH|.
cc -c- vi. to change. Hin: 4dH|.
c'- vi. to be made. Hin: 4 "|.
`DC-c- vi. to change. Hin: 4dH|.
9.1.2. Do
eo_-c- vi. to become active.
s- vt. to do. Tel: o:e.
oao/- vt. to do. Tel: o:e.
9.1.2.1. Happen
coc n. crowd of people, big affair.
Tel: .c:.
9.1.5. General adverbs
co' advl. in that way, thus.
=c' advl. thus, in this way.
co' advl. thus, in that way.
9.2. Part of speech
9.2.1. Adjectives
coc oC adj. night-blind.
ccoc C adj. night-blind. Tel: oDse
co<.
coo adjl. to be enough, sufficient,
ample. Tel: c:.
ccL adjl. dark. Hin: H 1.
ccC adj. of that kind (nm.).
Tel: ce:Loec .
cc` adj. of that kind (m.).
eco/ adj. of this kind (nm., pl.).
ecC adjl. like this, such a, of this
kind (nm.). Tel: =e:Loec.
ec` adj. of this kind (m.).
s<_ooC adj. yellow. Hin: |H|.
sc adj. stolen.
sô adjl. straight (down). Tel: c'oa.
so adjl. black. Tel: <c:.y. Hin: 4|H|.
9. Grammar and discourse 9.2.1. Adjectives
sooC adj. blackish. Tel: <c:.yn.
Hin: 4|H|.
s^ adj. hot, warm. Tel: ec c<.
s-_' adj. wet, cool. Tel: cc .
s_c adj. very cold. Tel: cc e .
s`csc adj. tender, young, unripe.
Tel: con.
o adjl. bad. Tel: c:. Hin: 41|.
:c' adjl. open.
`C adjl. deep. Tel: c'oa. Hin: "(1|.
n:oc C adj. round. Hin: 1||.
n`c adj. sweet. Tel: Ooe. Hin: P|(.
n`C adjl. round. Hin: 1||.
n`c_C adj. round. Hin: 1||.
;c adj. hard, strong.
DcC adj. unripe, green. Tel: cs:.c_.
o:< adj. dense, thick (of forest).
Hin: P.
e`^ adj. thick, fat. Tel: cc: . Hin: P||.
c:cC n. uncovered head.
Tel: oacc:ccc:.
cn adj. old (of cattle). Tel: c:^0
.eLy. Hin: 1||.
cc_C adj. fat, plump, chubby.
Tel: cc: . Hin: P||.
cc` adjl. fresh food or water (not
used for fruit).
O`` adj. third. Hin: 3(|(.
c adj. quiet, silent. Tel: nc:n.
cC adj. thick (used for flat things).
Hin: P||.
cc C adj. white. Tel: cc:.y. Hin: P9 d.
<e adj. middle in terms of order of
occurrence. Tel: cc_cc:.
<oaL adj. soft. Tel: co n. Hin: 4|PH.
<2 adj. brown (the colour of snuff).
-o adj. displeased.
cC adj. dark blue. Tel: 0 oon:.
Hin: |H|.
.c- adj. old. Tel: òc . Hin: 1||.
.c_2 adj. wet soil, almost muddy.
.ooc adj. year before last.
.o_ adj. 1 wet. Tel: .D_c.
2 raw, green, tender.
.o_ adj. 1 wet. Tel: .D_c.
2 raw, green, tender.
ò adj. thin, dilute, watery, weak,
adulterated, impure.
.oC adj. by day. Tel: .nc:.
.c C adj. light blue. Tel: 0. Hin: |H|.
. n. cold. Tel: c0. Hin: H4|P.
.yo adjl. sufficient, enough,
adequate. Hin: 4|9|.
.y- adj. new (nm.). Tel: s` o . Hin: |.
.y- adj. new (m.). Hin: |.
.yo` adjl. all, the whole. Tel: .yo .
cn oC adj. curved, bent, slightly
crooked.
cos adj. thin (used for long objects
such as pipes, sticks, finger,
people, but not flat objects such
as paper or cloth).
O adj. tight.
c'c adj. shaven-headed.
Tel: c'cn:oc:.
c'cC adj. yellow. Hin: |H|.
9. Grammar and discourse 9.2.3. Pronouns
c_o adjl. strong. Tel: ne n.
Hin: PH43.
c:oao/o adjl. cold (water). Tel: cc e
(oa). Hin: s|.
c:o` n. full grown (m.).
oo/-oon_ adj. many coloured.
Tel: oon: oon:c.
on C adj. red. Tel: Joa.y. Hin: H|H.
oc adj. thick (used for flat things).
Hin: P||.
oso adjl. empty, clear. Hin: |H|.
coc' adj. long. Hin: |/|.
co adjl. long. Tel: ``c:Ly. Hin: |/|.
Lc adj. dry, dried. Hin: P.
cs C adj. crooked, bent. Hin: 4 H.
coc adj. bad. Tel: c:. Hin: 4d.
cn` (cnò) adjl. separate, different.
Hin: HH".
c/-cn` adjl. separate, different
(emph). Hin: HH".
^.y adj. lean, thin. Tel: ^<_c:.
^c:c adj. hard, solid, durable, stiff,
firm, strong. Tel: ne n.
`c adj. lovely, gorgeous, charming,
wonderful,
-c_C adj. uncontrollable (of
animals). Tel: s`.onc.
^:o_C adj. sharp. Tel: s`c_n.
9.2.2. Adverbs
coe adv. on that day.
c`_c o``` adv. meanwhile.
cs adv. even now.
=n eC n. someone (nm.) or something
from here. Tel: =s_c <:oc.
=``c _ adv. carefully. Hin: 1|(.
=c' co' adv. how so?
s:ò adv. in a low tone, secretly.
Hin: " .
e:c _ adv. carefully.
ono-ono adv. onomatopoeic
word for glittering, (cat's eyes
reflecting, stars shining).
eoc adv. shining brightly (beam
of light).
eo adv. shining dimly (beam of
light).
o c-c c adv. hurriedly (work not
done well). Tel: . c c n
o:e.
< adv. earlier.
<o_ adv. at night. Tel: oO.
<:c adv. during the evening, after
the sun has set. Tel: òooo.
-o adv. straight. Tel: <c:n.
Hin: P||.
,`s C adv. hollow. Hin: |H|.
c-_ adv. day after tomorrow.
Tel: Jc:oc.
`c adv. good, well.
o<c--e adv. day before yesterday.
9.2.3. Pronouns
cc pron. she, it, that (nm.).
cL pron. they, those (nm.). Tel: cD.
=c pron. she, it, this (n). Tel: =c .
=L pron. these (nm.). Tel: =D.
=D_ pron. these two men.
e pron. they, those (m.). Tel: coa.
eo pron. their (dist.). Tel: coc.
9. Grammar and discourse 9.2.3.4. Question words
c< pron. her, its. Tel: ccc .
c- pron. her, its. Tel: ecc.
<<_ pron. I. Tel: -<:.
-L pron. my, mine. Tel: -c .
c_ pron. you (s.). Tel: Doa; Ly.
c_c pron. you (pl.).
L pron. your (sg.). Tel: c . Hin: 3.
coc pron. we (excl.). Tel: c<c:.
cL pron. our (sg.). Tel: c<c.
cLo/ pron. our (pl.). Tel: c<c.
Doc pron. you. Tel: Doa.
DL pron. your (pl.). Tel: Dc. Hin: 3.
c:D_ pron. three (m.). Tel: c:n: oa.
Hin: 3|.
c pron. we (incl.). Tel: cc:.
D pron. they, these (m.). Tel: Doa.
Do pron. their (prox.). Tel: Doc.
c< pron. his (prox.). Tel: =o.
c pron. he, this (m.) referring to
someone near by. Tel: =oc:.
Hin: (.
c< pron. his (dist.). Tel: co.
c pron. he that (m.). Tel: co<:.
9.2.3.1. Reflexive pronouns
o-_-o-o pron. by oneself.
o_-o_s pron. reflective
pronoun - themselves.
oc_-oco pron. by themselves.
9.2.3.2. Indefinite pronouns
c`_o/ pron. how many? Tel: J_.
coo advl. anything, something.
Tel: Lc ese.
coo--c advl. nothing at all. Tel: LD
cc:.
cc pron. anybody (nm.) anything,
somebody (nm.) something.
Tel: JLo` esoa.
cc --c pron. nobody (nm.) nothing.
c'o pron. anybody (m.), somebody
(m.). Tel: JLo` esoa.
c'o --c pron. nobody (m.).
9.2.3.3. Relative pronouns
cc pron. which ,any, who (nm.).
9.2.3.4. Question words
cn adv. where? Tel: Js_c.
c`_ pron. how much? Tel: Joo.
c pron. how many? (nm.).
Tel: J_.
cD_ pron. how many?(m.).
Tel: Jocoa.
co pron. what?
coC pron. what? Tel: LDe.
cc< pron. whose? (nm.).
cco/ (cc oo/) pron. which colour?
cL pron. which, who, what.
c-_ adv. when? Tel: J._c:.
co' advl. how?
c. pron. with which?
co advl. why? Tel: Joc:s:.
c pron. who? which? (m.pl.).
Tel: JLoa.
cs adv. where? whither?
coc adv. where?, in which side?
cocC adv. from where?
c'< pron. whose? (m.). Tel: JLoc .
c' pron. who, which (m.). Tel: JLoa.
9. Grammar and discourse 9.5.2.7. Duplication
9.2.3.6. Personally
o-_ pron. his own, her own.
9.2.5. Conjunctions
co clitic. even, also. Hin: H|.
-sc_ conj. because (used after a past
adj ). Tel: sòs:. Hin: 4 |4.
9.2.6. Particles
c attr. emphatic particle.
9.3. Propositions
9.3.1. Event propositions
9.3.1.7. Event--process
c- vi. to become, happen, be (by
nature).
9.3.5. Attribution
9.3.5.2. Intensity of an attribute
=c:_s advl. a little. Tel: sòo.
adjl. very. Tel: c Js:_L.
Hin: 4(3
.
o-o adv. a little. Tel: s`cn, s`cn.
c:s adv. a little while.
, advl. very, much. Tel: c.
Hin: 4(3
.
co (c ) adjl. much, many. Hin: 4(3
.
cc advl. very. Tel: Js:_L. Hin: 4(3
.
9.4. Semantic constituents related to verbs
9.4.3. Moods
9.4.3.1. Epistemic moods
9.4.3.1.1. Possible
.- vi. to be able.
,-s_ adj. able, capable, useful.
Tel: s nc; `co _c:nc.
Hin: P|P|.
9.4.3.2. Imperative
9.4.3.2.2. Necessary
.c adj. is necessary, needed.
Hin: HF1|.
c/- vt. to touch, be necessary, start.
Tel: on0oc. Hin: U| .
Le o adj. unnecessary, not needed.
Tel: cs_os:o.
9.4.3.4. Conditional sentences
Jsoc corr. if. Hin: H"1.
corr. if. Hin: H"1.
` corr. if. Hin: H"1.
c corr. if. Hin: H"1.
9.4.3.5. Adverbial clauses
c corr. although. Hin: ).
-c clitic. 1 than.
2 even though (used after a
past or negative conditional
form).
9.4.3.8. Seem
c- vi. to appear, seem.
9.4.5. Affirmation
o (c, o') int. yes. Hin: (| .
9.4.5.1. Negation
-c (-c ) vi. not to be.
9.5. Case
9.5.2. Semantically similar events
9.5.2.1. Collectivity
9.5.2.1.1. Accompaniment
c. adv. with that.
e. adv. with this.
-c`c ppnl. with. Tel: c`c:.
9.5.2.5. Quantity of an event
coc `so/ adv. three times.
9.5.2.7. Duplication
c attr. also. Tel: sc. Hin: H|.
O attr. also, emphatic particle.
Tel: sc. Hin: H|.
9. Grammar and discourse 9.7.1.4. Tribal names
9.5.3. Enabling propositions
9.5.3.6. Representative
c- ppnl. for, in order to, on behalf
of. Tel: sòs:. Hin: H7.
è ppnl. for, in order that, for the
sake of. Tel: sòs:. Hin: H7.
9.6. Logical relations
9.6.1. Coordinate relations
9.6.1.5. Contrast
cO advers. but. Hin: 1.
cO advers. but. Hin: 1.
9.6.1.6. Dissociation
c:c:_s ppnl. without. Hin: 4 4|.
9.6.2. Dependency relations
9.6.2.5. Cause, reason
coc s corr. because, (lit. 'if say why').
Hin: 4 |4.
9.6.2.6. Result
cc ' c- corr. therefore. Hin: 3P H.
=o attr. therefore. Hin: H3.
=c' c- corr. therefore. Tel: c sòs:.
Hin: P H.
9.6.2.6.1. Without result
cc_-c- vi. to go wrong, be in vain.
9.7. Proper nouns
non n. Ganges (stream in Utnur
Taluk), river. Tel: <c (non).
9.7.1. Personal names
9.7.1.4. Tribal names
sòc` n. Gond man.
sòoc n. Gond woman.
.ec n. the Pardhan caste, hereditary
musician of Gonds. Tel: .c'
(s:co.oa).
.yo n. Kolam man. Tel: s`cD (O
.oa).
cc-C n. Lambadi man. Tel: coo
cc .
cc- n. Lambadi woman.

Gondi-English-Telugu-Hindi A4 Dictionary (March 2005)

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