LTE TDD Overview

October 2013 Bong Youl (Brian) Cho, brian.cho@nsn.com

Disclaimer LTE , NSN .
2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

LTE TDD market overview Quick comparison b/w WiMAX & LTE TDD LTE TDD Technology Overview TDD Carrier Aggregation TDD Enhancement in Rel-12 and beyond

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Difference b/w 3G-TDD and 4G-TDD

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Release 99 W-CDMA Release 4 1.28Mcps TDD

Release 5 HSDPA
Release 6 HSUPA, MBMS Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)

ITU-R M.1457
IMT-2000 Recommendation

Release 8 LTE (FDD, TDD)

Release 9 Minor LTE enhancements Release 10 LTE-Advanced Release 11

ITU-R M.2012
IMT-Advanced Recommendation

Note: 3GPP GSM, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE , 3 LTE-Advanced LTE LTE

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Release 12

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LTE FDD+LTE TDD make the best LTE

From etnews.com on May 28, 2013 LTE FDD is only the half part of LTE

The number of LTE TDD operators at the moment is small, but those are big operators LTE TDD has very high commonality with LTE FDD, and works also with 3G Many WiMAX operators are considering migration to LTE TDD 2.3GHz and 2.6GHz are two key bands for LTE TDD

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Key countries updates

Clearwire ready for major LTE TDD roll-out

DellOro January 2013: Increased Near Term Outlook for

TDD Expects Europe will augment FDD with TDD

China Mobile bid process ongoing for 200,000 eNodeB, 1M LTE TDD terminals

RoW

Japan: >1M LTE TDD subs. Interest in 3.5GHz Australia: Optus launch LTE TDD Europe: LTE TDD spectrum auctioned, TDD will follow FDD

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LTE TDD devices overview

124 LTE TDD user devices (dongles, MiFi, CPE, smartphones) LTE TDD eco-system is ready!

LTE TDD device band support*

2300 MHz Band 40: 82 devices 2600 MHz Band 38: 88 devices 2600 MHz Band 41: 19 devices

The largest supported LTE TDD eco-system is:

Bands 38 (2.6 GHz) and 40 (2.3 GHz) have the largest ecosystems of LTE TDD user devices currently : Terminal support for band 38 is 71% Terminal support for band 40 is 66% Band 41 (2.6GHz) will be deployed by Softbank, CMCC and Clearwire so terminal ecosystem will be substantial in future Support for 1.9 GHz (band 39) and 3.5 GHz (bands 42, 43) is also picking up

* January 2013 GSA report

New dual mode Samsung handsets to supercharge Optus' 4G Network, 2013-08-05, Sydney https://www.optus.com.au/aboutoptus/About+Optus/Medi a+Centre/Media+Releases/2013/New+dual+mode+Sams ung+handsets+to+supercharge+Optus'+4G+Network

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LTE TDD DL/UL Config Brings Higher DL PDR & Flexibility

Peak data rate [Mbps]

DL/UL(3:1) to DL service up to 110Mbps

Similar Spectrum Efficiency with FDD LTE

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3GPP E-UTRA TDD frequency bands

E-UTRA Operating Band

33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit FUL_low FUL_high

1900 MHz 2010 MHz 1850 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 2570 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz 2025 MHz 1910 MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 2620 MHz 1920 MHz

Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit UE receive FDL_low FDL_high

1900 MHz 2010 MHz 1850 MHz 1930 MHz 1910 MHz 2570 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz 2025 MHz 1910 MHz 1990 MHz 1930 MHz 2620 MHz 1920 MHz

Duplex Mode
TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD

40
41 42 43 44

2300 MHz
2496 MHz 3400 MHz 3600 MHz 703 MHz

2400 MHz
2690 MHz 3600 MHz 3800 MHz 803 MHz

2300 MHz
2496 MHz 3400 MHz 3600 MHz 703 MHz

2400 MHz
2690 MHz 3600 MHz 3800 MHz 803 MHz

TDD
TDD TDD TDD TDD

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LTE FDD, LTE TDD Integration

Fully integrated over time

LTE FDD LTE FDD & TDD
LTE FDD & TDD Transparent hand over

Global Roaming

Standards Integration Product Integration

LTE TDD

Maximized commonality b/w FDD and TDD for high level of integration/interworking
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LTE TDD market overview Quick comparison b/w WiMAX & LTE TDD LTE TDD Technology Overview TDD Carrier Aggregation TDD Enhancement in Rel-12 and beyond

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DL OFDMA & UL SC-FDMA in LTE

DL: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Less critical AMP efficiency in BS side Concerns on high RX complexity in terminal side

UL: SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-FDMA), aka DFTS-OFDM

Less critical RX complexity in BS side Critical AMP complexity in terminal side (Cost, power Consumption, UL coverage)

Making MS cheap as much as possible by moving all the burdens from MS to BS

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CM (Cubic Metric) of OFDMA & SC-FDMA

OFDMA

SC-FDMA 16QAM

SC-FDMA QPSK

SC-FDMA pi/2-BPSK

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SC-FDMA: A good introductory paper

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LTE Physical channels and signals: DL

LTE PDSCH
(DL data delivery and others)

WCDMA/HSPA HS-PDSCH, SCCPCH

WiMAX DL Data Burst

PBCH
(MIB delivery)

PCCPCH

DCD, Preamble
DL Data Burst FCH

PMCH
(MBMS)

PCFICH
(Header for PDCCH)

PDCCH
(Header for PDSCH, PUSCH)

HS-SCCH, E-AGCH, ERGCH E-HICH

DL-MAP, UL-MAP DL Data Burst

PHICH
(HARQ Ack/Nack for UL)

Cell-specific Reference Signal

(Common pilot)

CPICH with primary scrambling code

With secondary scrambling code SCH

Pilot Signal (common)

Pilot Signal (dedicated) Preamble

UE-specific Reference Signal

(UE dedicated pilot)

Sync Signal
(UE initial DL synchronization)

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LTE Physical channels and signals: UL

LTE PUSCH
(UL data delivery and CSI delivery)

WCDMA/HSPA (E-DPDCH)

WiMAX UL Data Burst

PUCCH
(CSI delivery, HARQ Ack/Nack for DL, SR delivery)

HS-DPCCH

CQICH, ACKCH, BW Request Ranging

Initial Ranging

PRACH
(Random access)

PRACH

Demodulation RS
(Pilot for PUSCH, PUCCH)

(E-DPCCH)

Pilot Signal
Sounding Signal

Sounding RS
(Additional pilot for other purposes)

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Quick comparison: OFDM parameter, MIMO

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WiMAX-Advanced DL Performance*
FDD: DL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 6.87 3.0 UMi 3.27 2.6 UMa 2.41 2.2 RMa 3.15 1.1

FDD: DL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 0.253 0.1 UMi 0.097 0.075 UMa 0.069 0.06 RMa 0.091 0.04

TDD: DL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 6.93 3.0 UMi 3.22 2.6 UMa 2.41 2.2 RMa 3.23 1.1

TDD: DL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 0.260 0.1 UMi 0.092 0.075 UMa 0.069 0.06 RMa 0.093 0.04 * IMT-ADV/4-E

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WiMAX-Advanced UL Performance*
FDD: UL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 6.23 2.25 UMi 2.72 1.8 UMa 2.69 1.4 RMa 2.77 0.7

FDD: UL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 0.444 0.07 UMi 0.119 0.05 UMa 0.114 0.03 RMa 0.124 0.015

TDD: UL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 5.99 2.25 UMi 2.58 1.8 UMa 2.57 1.4 RMa 2.66 0.7

TDD: UL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 0.426 0.07 UMi 0.111 0.05 UMa 0.109 0.03 RMa 0.119 0.015 * IMT-ADV/4-E

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LTE-Advanced DL Performance*
FDD: DL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 4.1-6.6 3.0 UMi 2.8-4.5 2.6 UMa 2.4-3.8 2.2 RMa 1.8-4.1 1.1

FDD: DL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 0.19-0.26 0.1 UMi 0.087-0.15 0.075 UMa 0.066-0.10 0.06 RMa 0.057-0.13 0.04

TDD: DL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 4.1-6.7 3.0 UMi 2.7-4.6 2.6 UMa 2.4-3.7 2.2 RMa 1.6-4.0 1.1

TDD: DL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 0.19-0.24 0.1 UMi 0.085-0.12 0.075 UMa 0.067-0.10 0.06 RMa 0.049-0.12 0.04 * IMT-ADV/8-E

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LTE-Advanced UL Performance*
FDD: UL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 3.3-5.8 2.25 UMi 1.9-2.5 1.8 UMa 1.5-2.1 1.4 RMa 1.8-2.3 0.7

FDD: UL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 0.23-0.42 0.07 UMi 0.073-0.086 0.05 UMa 0.062-0.099 0.03 RMa 0.082-0.13 0.015

TDD: UL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 3.1-5.5 2.25 UMi 1.9-3.0 1.8 UMa 1.5-2.7 1.4 RMa 1.8-2.6 0.7

TDD: UL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

Cell spectral efficiency ITU-R requirement InH 0.22-0.39 0.07 UMi 0.068-0.079 0.05 UMa 0.062-0.097 0.03 RMa 0.080-0.15 0.015 * IMT-ADV/8-E

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Comparison: Urban Microcell, TDD

Cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
5 4.5

4 3.5
3 2.5 2 1.5 WiMAX LTE TDD min LTE TDD max

1
0.5 0 DL cell SE UL cell SE

Cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

0.14 0.12 0.1

0.08 0.06
0.04 0.02 0 DL 5% SE UL 5% SE TTA LTE Standards/Technology Training 23 2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

WiMAX LTE TDD min LTE TDD max

LTE TDD market overview Quick comparison b/w WiMAX & LTE TDD LTE TDD Technology Overview TDD Carrier Aggregation TDD Enhancement in Rel-12 and beyond

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Duplexing

FDD

TDD

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Duplexing contd

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LTE FDD vs LTE TDD

Same RF Structure, Same Resource Block => Same RF Power/Time/Bandwidth Density

Same Power Transmitted during the Same amount of time as LTE FDD

LTE FDD
Spectrum

Power Time

LTE TDD
DL 10W

Single UL Frame Resource Block

DL
UL

10ms

1/5 W 5MHz 5MHz

5W

10ms 1/5 W 5ms

UL

10MHz

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3GPP LTE FDD vs. LTE TDD

High degree of commonality
Features Frame structure Switching points BS Synchronization DL Control Channel LTE FDD 1ms sub-frame N/A Asynchronous/Synchronous Can schedule 1 DL and 1 UL sub-frame at a time (with CA, looks more similar) Single ACK/NAK corresponding to 1 DL sub-frame (with CA, looks more similar) 0,1,2,3 N/A Same LTE TDD 1ms sub-frame 5ms periodicity and 10 ms periodicity Synchronous Can schedule 1 DL and multiple UL sub-frame at a time Multiple ACK/NAK corresponding to multiple DL sub-frame 0,1,2,3,4 (Short RACH) DwPTS: RS, Data and Control UpPTS: SRS and Short RACH Same

UL Control Channel

PRACH Special slot usage Numerology, Coding, Multiple Access, MIMO support, RS etc. HARQ Timing
High Degree of Commonality

N=8 stop-and-wait protocol DL: Async, UL: Sync

TBD DL: Async, UL: Sync

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LTE FDD vs. TDD performance comparison

LTE TDD
Spectral Efficiency

FDD-LTE

+ +
LTE TDD can adapt to DL/UL traffic ratio (typical of internet traffic) Slightly longer latency

Negligible advantage (No need of switching) Fix bandwidth for DL & UL (typical of voice traffic)

DL/UL Balancing Latency

Real Life Performance

+
+

Dedicated UL/DL pipes (no need to wait for UL or DL slot)

Comparable Subscriber Experience

Coverage
Spectrum Flexibility Coexistence New Spectrum Pricing

Better in big-sized cells

+ +

Paired-band is not needed, no duplexing gap Coexistence requirement for adjacent frequency in the same geographic area TDD Spectrum had traditionally auctioned for lower $/MHz

+
Because of higher demand FDD has so far sold for higher $/MHz

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Frame Structure
Type 1 for FDD
One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts=10 ms One slot, Tslot = 15360Ts = 0.5 ms #0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19

One subframe

Type 2 for TDD

One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms One half-frame, 153600Ts = 5 ms

One slot, Tslot=15360Ts

30720Ts

Subframe #0 One subframe, 30720Ts DwPTS GP

Subframe #2

Subframe #3

Subframe #4

Subframe #5

Subframe #7

Subframe #8

Subframe #9

UpPTS

DwPTS

GP

UpPTS

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Frame Structure: FDD/TDD

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LTE TDD: UL/DL configurations

Subframe number Configuration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Switch-point periodicity 0 5 ms 5 ms 5 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 5 ms D D D D D D D 1 S S S S S S S 2 U U U U U U U 3 U U D U U D U 4 U D D U D D U 5 D D D D D D D 6 S S S D D D S 7 U U U D D D U 8 U U D D D D U 9 U D D D D D D

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LTE TDD: UL/DL configurations

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LTE TDD:

Special subframe config for max cell range

* assuming Normal CP

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System Information
Master information block (MIB) includes the following information:
Downlink cell bandwidth [4 bit] System Frame Number (SFN) except two LBSs Etc

LTE defines different SIBs:

SIB1 includes info mainly related to whether an UE is allowed to camp on the cell. This includes info
about the operator(s) and about the cell (e.g. PLMN identity list, tracking area code, cell identity, minimum required Rx level in the cell, etc), DL-UL subframe configuration in TDD case, and the scheduling of the remaining SIBs. SIB1 is transmitted every 80ms.

SIB2 includes info that UEs need in order to be able to access the cell. This includes info about the UL
cell BW, random access parameters, and UL power control parameters. SIBs also includes radio resource configuration of common channels (RACH, BCCH, PCCH, PRACH, PDSCH, PUSCH, PUCCH, and SRS).

SIB3-4 mainly includes info related to cell-reselection. SIB5-8 include neighbor-cell-related info. (E-UTRAN, UTRAN, GERAN, cdma2000) SIB9 contains a home eNB identifier SIB10/11 contains ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) notification SIB12: CMAS SIB13: eMBMS More to be added

MIB mapped to PBCH, Other SIBs mapped to PDSCH

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Mapping of control channels to TDD config #1

<cf> FDD LTE

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Typical RF interference scenario for a TDD

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Coexistence among neighboring TDD systems

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Coexistence b/w WiMAX (16e) and LTE TDD

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Coexistence b/w TDD and FDD

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MIMO Spatial Multiplexing (SM)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver MIMO uses multipath to advantage to multiply data rate Transmits different data along different paths (simplified view) MxN MIMO can multiply data rate by M or N (whichever is less) if there is enough multipath.

Best in urban high-multipath environment (and indoors) Less effective in suburban and rural low-multipath environments

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SVD MIMO as a closed-loop MIMO

In CL-SU-MIMO, SVD-MIMO is the optimum

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MIMO Channel Decomposition

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MIMO Channel Decomposition

1

~ w 1

x
~ x
V VH
n
min

Channel

U
~ w nmin

UH

~ y

Pre-processing

Post-processing

With number of transmitting antenna=nt and receiving antenna=nr,

y Hx w x C nt , y C nr , w ~ (0, N 0 I nr )
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Channel Diagonalization
H ~ yU y

U (Hx w )
H

U H (UDV H x w ) U H (UDV H V~ x w) D~ x UHw

~ ~ y D~ xw

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3GPP Release 8 DL transmission modes Two approaches to multi-antenna transmission

MIMO CQI PMI Rank CRS MCS PMI Rank Beamforming

CQI SRS DRS

If UE uses multiple receive antennas, it also has to transmit SRS on multiple antennas in order for UL measurements to fully reflect DL channel state

MCS

PDSCH Channel estimation based on common reference signal (CRS) Closed loop, codebook precoding (TM4)
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PDSCH Channel estimation based on dedicated reference signal (DRS) Open loop, non-codebook precoding (TM7)

Multi-Antenna Technology Summary

Diversity
Same data on all the pipes (mode 2)
Increased coverage and link quality But, the all pipes can be combined to make a kind-of beamforming

MIMO
Different data streams on different pipes (mode 4)
Increased spectral efficiency (increased overall throughput) Power is split among the data streams

Beamforming
Data stream on only the strongest pipe (mode 7) Utilize different amplitude/phase at all pipes to optimally match per-UE
radio condition
Increased coverage and signal SNR

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3GPP Release 9/10 DL transmission modes Enhanced beamforming: dual-layer beamforming (TM8) Multi-layer (TM9)
CQI PMI Rank
SRS DRS MCS Rank With cross polar antennas in mind TDD operators have been eager to extend Rel8 Beamforming to support two streams. Spatial multiplexing supported - Up to 2 layers per user (SU-MIMO) - Up to 4 layer in total (MU-MIMO) CRS based PMI and rank reporting supported for beamforming - Similar feedback schemes as for Rel-8 SUMIMO (tx-mode 4) - TxD CQI also supported - One CRS per polarization via sector beam virtualization (as in Rel-9)

PDSCH Channel estimation based on DRS

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PDSCH Transmission Modes

Mode 1 Details Single-antenna transmission (CRS)

2
3 4 5 6 7

Transmit diversity (CRS)

Open-loop codebook-based precoding in the case of more than one layer, transmit diversity in the case of rank-one transmission (CRS) Closed-loop codebook-based precoding (CRS) Multi-user-MIMO version of transmission mode 4 (CRS) Special case of closed-loop codebook-based precoding limited to single-layer transmission (CRS) Release-8 non-codebook-based precoding supporting only single-layer transmission (UE-specific RS, but this mode will not be used)

8
9

Release-9 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up to two layers (DM-RS)

Release-10 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up to eight layers (DM-RS)

* UE specific RS and DM-RS are basically the same, i.e. both are not cell-specific but can be UE-specific. But, two have different names and different scalability, DM-RS introduced in Rel-9/10 can be superset of UE specific RS in Rel-8. So, UE specific RS will not be used mostly.
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Cell-Specific RS Mapping for TM1-6

RS Overhead
R0 R0

One antenna port

Normal CP 1 Tx ant 2 Tx ant

l6

R0

R0

Extended CP 5.56% 11.11% 15.87%

R0

R0

4.76% 9.52% 14.29%

R0
l0

R0
l6 l0

4 Tx ant
Resource element (k,l)
R1

R0

R0

R1

Two antenna ports

R0

R0

R1

R1

Not used for transmission on this antenna port

R0

R0

R1

R1

Reference symbols on this antenna port

R0
l0

R0
l6 l0 l6 l0

R1
l6 l0

R1
l6

R0

R0

R1

R1

R2

R3

Four antenna ports

R0

R0

R1

R1

R2

R3

R0

R0

R1

R1

R2

R3

R0
l0

R0
l6 l0 l6 l0

R1
l6 l0

R1
l6 l0

R2
l6 l0 l6 l0

R3
l6 l0 l6

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even-numbered slots

odd-numbered slots

even-numbered slots

odd-numbered slots

even-numbered slots

odd-numbered slots

even-numbered slots

odd-numbered slots

Antenna port 2

Antenna port 3

UE-specific RS (R5) on top of CRS for TM7

UE-specific RS (antenna port 5)
12 symbols per RB pair DL CQI estimation is always based on cell-specific RS (common RS)

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New DM-RS for scalability for TM8-9

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Multi-Antenna Technology Summary

Diversity
Same data on all the pipes (mode 2)
Increased coverage and link quality But, the all pipes can be combined to make a kind-of beamforming

MIMO
Different data streams on different pipes (mode 4)
Increased spectral efficiency (increased overall throughput) Power is split among the data streams

Beamforming
Data stream on only the strongest pipe (mode 7) Utilize different amplitude/phase at all pipes to optimally match per-UE
radio condition
Increased coverage and signal SNR Not any more focusing on the strongest pipe in transmission mode 8 in R9 and mode 9 in R10

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LTE FDD vs TDD link budget comparison - Example

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From 8T8R to 2T2R in real fields

TDLTE BBU 8T8R RFM 8T8R RFM 8T8R RFM GSM MCPA GSM MCPA

Ground based cabinet

FSMF + RRH in cabinet GSM/TDLTE co-sited Antenna on 25M tower

Dense traffic areas

1 RFM serves up to 4 sectors Small, discrete 2x2 antennas Approx. 300x100mm

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HARQ Retransmission Timing

Acknowledgement of a transport block in subframe n is transmitted in subframe n + k , where k 4 and is selected such that n + k is an uplink subframe

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HARQ Acknowledgement Bundling

For DL transmissions, there are some configurations where DL-SCH receipt in multiple DL
subframes needs to be acknowledged in a single UL subframe Multiplexing

Independent acknowledgements for each of the received transport blocks are fed back to the eNodeB. This allows independent retransmission of erroneous transport blocks. However, it also implies that multiple bits need to be transmitted from the terminal.

Bundling of acknowledgements
The outcome of the decoding of DL transport blocks from multiple DL subframes can be combined into a single hybrid-ARQ acknowledgement transmitted in UL. Only if both of the DL transmissions in subframes 0 and 3 in the example below are correctly decoded will a positive acknowledgement be transmitted in UL subframe 7. The downlink assignment index in the scheduling assignment on the PDCCH is used to avoid confusion

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UL Grant Timing
For TDD configurations 16, the uplink transmission occurs in subframe n + k , where k is the smallest value larger than or equal to 4 such that subframe n + k is an uplink
subframe.

For TDD configuration 0 there are more UL subframes than DL subframes, which calls for
the possibility to schedule transmissions in multiple UL subframes from a single DL subframe. For DL-UL configuration 0, the index field specifies which UL subframe(s) a grant received in a DL subframe applies to.

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PRACH format 4
Short PRACH preamble (format 4) only for TDD (to utilize UpPTS in small cells)

For TDD, multiple random-access regions can be configured in a single subframe.

The reason is the smaller number of uplink subframes per radio frame in TDD. To maintain the same random-access capacity as in FDD, frequency-domain multiplexing is sometimes necessary.

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Better Utilization of SRS

SRS (Sounding Reference Signal)
SRS can be used for both DL beamforming and UL CAS

Calibration needed for channel reciprocity

Model to illustrate the impact from RF units to channel reciprocity (capital letters indentify matrixes)

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LTE TDD market overview Quick comparison b/w WiMAX & LTE TDD LTE TDD Technology Overview TDD Carrier Aggregation TDD Enhancement in Rel-12 and beyond

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TDD CA Combinations
Inter-band CA combinations

CA_39A-41A, CMCC

20MHz + 20MHz

Rel12

Completed Ongoing New

Intra-band contiguous CA combinations

Intra-band non-contiguous CA combinations

CA_40C, CMCC

40MHz

Rel10 Rel11 Rel11

CA_41A-41A, CMCC

20MHz + 20MHz

Rel12 Rel12

CA_41C, Clearwire
40MHz

CA_41A-41A, Sprint
20MHz + 20MHz (dual uplink)

CA_38C, CMCC
40MHz

CA_39C, CMCC
35MHz

Rel12
Rel12

CA_41D, Sprint
60MHz

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LTE_CA_TDD_FDD-Core

Core part: TDD-FDD joint operation

Rapporteur: Nokia Schedule: Start (June 2013) Finish (Dec 2014, estimated) Latest WID: RP-131399 (RAN#61)
Objective
The objective is to enhance LTE TDD FDD joint operation with LTE TDD-FDD carrier Technical Report on TDD-FDD Joint Operation scenarios from RAN#60 until RAN#62
Identify deployment scenarios of joint operation on FDD and TDD spectrum, and network/UE requirement
to support joint FDD/TDD operation.

aggregation feature and potentially also with other TDD-FDD joint operation solutions depending on the outcome of the initial scenario evaluation phase of the work item.

Based on the identified deployment scenarios and network/UE requirements, identify possible other

solutions for FDD-TDD joint operation for example multi-stream aggregation and dual-mode UE supporting simultaneous operation on both modes in addition to LTE TDD-FDD carrier aggregation.

Based on the work above consider whether such solutions, if any, need to be added to the
Work Item itself, or in separate Work Items RAN#64:

Introduction of LTE TDD-FDD Carrier Aggregation in Rel-12 specification from RAN#61 until

Latest Status Report: RP-131371, RP-130999 Latest 3GPP TR and/or TS: 36.847 and related TSs (36.101, 104, 133, etc)
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TR 36.847

Study on LTE TDD-FDD joint operation including Carrier Aggregation

Deployment Scenarios
FDD+TDD co-located (CA scenarios 1-3), and FDD+TDD non-co-located with ideal backhaul
(CA scenario 4)

FDD+TDD non-co-located (small cell scenarios 2a, 2b, and macro-macro scenario), with non-ideal
backhaul, subject to the outcome of the non-ideal backhaul related study items where relevant.

Carrier frequency related assumptions

Carrier frequency of TDD is far away enough from joint operated FDD carrier frequencies
Carrier frequency of TDD is near the UL band of joint operated FDD Carrier frequency of TDD is near the DL band of joint operated FDD Carrier frequency of TDD locates between the UL band and DL band of joint operated FDD

Requirements
UEs supporting FDD - TDD joint operation shall be able to access both legacy FDD and legacy
TDD single mode carriers.

simultaneous reception on FDD and TDD carriers (i.e. DL aggregation)

simultaneous transmission on FDD and TDD (i.e. UL aggregation) simultaneous transmission and reception on FDD and TDD (i.e. full duplex)

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LTE TDD market overview Quick comparison b/w WiMAX & LTE TDD LTE TDD Technology Overview TDD Carrier Aggregation TDD Enhancement in Rel-12 and beyond

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LTE_TDD_eIMTA

Further Enhancements to LTE TDD for DL-UL Interference Management and Traffic Adaptation
Rapporteur: CATT Schedule: Start (Dec 2012) Finish (June 2014, estimated) Latest WID/SID: RP-121772 (RAN#58)
The objective is to enable TDD UL-DL reconfiguration for traffic adaptation in small
cells, including Agree on the deployment scenarios for TDD UL-DL reconfigurations Agree on the supported time scale together with the necessary signaling mechanism(s) for TDD
UL-DL reconfiguration and specify the necessary (if any) enhancements for TDD UL-DL reconfiguration with the agreed time scale and signaling mechanism(s) ensure coexistence in the agreed deployment scenarios

Agree on interference mitigation scheme(s) for systems with TDD UL-DL reconfiguration to Backward compatibility shall be maintained

Latest Status Report: RP-130986, RP-130987 Latest 3GPP TR and/or TS: related TSs (36.101, 104, 133, etc)

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LTE_TDD_eIMTA: Scenarios
At least the following scenarios should be supported
Scenario 1: multiple Femto cells deployed on the same carrier frequency Scenario 2: multiple Femto cells deployed on the same carrier frequency and multiple
Macro cells deployed on an adjacent carrier frequency

Scenario 3: multiple outdoor Pico cells deployed on the same carrier frequency Scenario 4: multiple outdoor Pico cells deployed on the same carrier frequency
and multiple Macro cells deployed on an adjacent carrier frequency Femto/outdoor Pico cells can adjust UL-DL configuration

In scenarios 2/4, all Macro cells have the same UL-DL configuration and

Take scenarios 3-4 with the first priority for further evaluation and design

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LTE_TDD_eIMTA: Interference Mitigation

ICI types in TD-LTE with dynamic UL-DL configuration

Interference mitigation schemes

Cell clustering interference mitigation (CCIM)

Scheduling dependent interference mitigation (SDIM)

Interference suppressing interference mitigation (ISIM) Interference mitigation based on legacy schemes (such as eICIC/FeICIC schemes, CoMP schemes, MBSFN configuration schemes)

Power control based schemes

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* source: ETRI

More futuristic
Example: Full Duplex TDD
Transmit and receive same time in same BW Self-interference is the main technical problem in the implementation Usable only in small cells

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LTE TDD Summary

Market potential is BIG

High degree of commonality b/w LTE FDD and LTE TDD

Slight difference in frame structure (FDD vs. TDD) Time synchronized network Need to ensure coexistence b/w neighboring TDD systems Better beamforming performance with channel reciprocity Smaller link budget which fits to capacity networks Flexible DL/UL capacity for various applications

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THANK YOU!

71

2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.