Training - Pressure2

Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Pressure 2
Level 1 Fundamental Training
Level 1 - Pressure 2
Contents
Topics: DP Accuracy on Flow Measurement Liquid Level Calculation Liquid Density Calculation Liquid Interface Calculation Remote Seal Overview Factors Affecting Seal Performance Calibrating Analog Pressure Transmitter Calibrating Smart Pressure Transmitter Basic Applications Exercise Slide No: 3-4 5 - 13 14 15 16 - 21 22 - 29 30 - 32 33 - 44 45 - 53 54 - 56
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Pressure 2
DP Accuracy on Flow Measurement

Is determined by the specification of the DP transmitter
because DP is under the square root, the DP range will not be the same as the flow range. The DP range is equal to the flow range squared.
A flow range of 5:1 will have a DP range of 25:1

the accuracy to be used in for a flow measurement is the % of reading error, not % of span.
An 1151S is good for 0.1% of span.

At a reading of 1/2 the span, the error is 0.2% of reading At a reading of 1/10 the span, the error is 1.0% of reading DP has a sensitivity coefficient (0.5) on flow measurement
DP Accuracy on Flow Measurement

Example: A customer has an orifice plate which produces 32H2O at 800 GPM of flow.
How much DP will he have at a flow of 200 GPM ?
Flow turndown is 4:1 DP turndown is 16:1
DP = 32 / 16 = 2H2O
If the transmitter accuracy spec. is 0.1% of span what will be the DP accuracy at 200 GPM ? (the xmtr span is 32H2O)
DP turndown is 16:1
DP Accuracy = 16 x 0.1% = 1.6%
How much error will the DP measurement contribute to the flow accuracy ? (remember, DP has a sensitivity coefficient of 1/2) Error = 1.6% x 0.5 = 0.8%
Pressure 2
Open Vessel Level Calculation

Example: ZeroZero-Based Direct Mount Application What is the Calibration Range? 4mA pt? (at 0% level) GP = 1.1 * 0 = 0H2O
XMTR 50 Head
100%
20mA pt? (at 100% level) GP = Head = 1.1*50 = 55 H2O

L H S.G = 1.1
0%
Cal. Range = 0 to 55H2O


Example: NonNon-ZeroZero-Based Direct Mount Application What is the Calibration Range? 4mA pt? (at 0% level) GP = Head1 = 1.1*10 = 11H2O
XMTR 10 40 Head2
100%
20mA pt? (at 100% level) GP = Head2 = 1.1*50 = 55 H2O

L H
Head1
0%
S.G = 1.1

Pressure 2

Example: NonNon-ZeroZero-Based Remote Mount Application What is the Calibration Range? 4mA pt? (at 0% level) GP = Head1 = 1.1*10 = 11H2O 20mA pt? (at 100% level) GP = Head1 + Head2 = (1.1*10) + (1.1*50) = 66 H2O
XMTR Head1 10 L H 50 Head2
100%
0%
S.G = 1.1

Zero Suppression & Elevation

Zero Elevation: Example (for a DP span of 100 H2O) Wet Leg : Calibrated Range -20 H2O to 80 H2O
0% 100%
Zero Supression: Example (for a DP span of 100 H2O) Dry Leg : Calibrated Range 20 H2O to 120 H2O
0% Zero Suppressed Zero Elevated 100%
20 H2O 0 H2O -20 H2O
0%/LRV of Dry Leg True Zero (Measured) 0%/LRV of Wet Leg

Pressure 2
Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)

Example: ZeroZero-Based Direct Mount Application What is the Calibration Range? 4mA pt? DP = Phigh - Plow = 0 - Head1 = 0 - (1.2*70) = -84H2O
S.GWetLeg=1.2 (at 0% level) Head1
Ullage or Vapor
100%
70 50
Head2
20mA pt? (at 100% level) DP = Phigh - Plow = Head2 - Head1 = (1.1*50)] - (1.2*70) = -29H2O
XMTR
0%
S.G = 1.1
Cal. Range = -84 to -29H2O


Example: NonNon-ZeroZero-Based Direct Mount Application What is the Calibration Range? 4mA pt? DP = Phigh - Plow = Head2 - Head1 = (1.1*10) - (1.2*70) = -73H2O
S.GWetLeg=1.2 (at 0% level) Head1
10
Ullage or Vapor
100%
70
40
Head3
20mA pt? (at 100% level) 0% XMTR 10 Head DP = Phigh - Plow 2 = (Head2 + Head3) - Head1 L H S.G = 1.1 = [(1.1*10) + (1.1*40)] - (1.2*70) = -29H2O Cal. Range = -73 to -29H2O
Pressure 2

Example: NonNon-ZeroZero-Based Remote Mount Application What is the Calibration Range?
S.GWetLeg=1.2 4mA pt? (at 0% level) DP = Phigh - Plow = Head2 - Head1 = (1.1*10) - (1.2*80) Head1 = -85H2O
11
Ullage or Vapor
100%
70 50
Head3
20mA pt? (at 100% level)

DP
= Phigh - Plow 0% = (Head2 + Head3) - Head1 XMTR Head 10 S.G = 1.1 2 = [(1.1*10) + (1.1*50)] (1.2*80) L H = -30H2O Cal. Range = -85 to -30H2O
Level Calculation with Remote Seals

Diaphragm seals for tanks under VACUUM The transmitter must be mounted level with or below the lowest tap to ensure positive pressure at the transmitter.
Dist. Betw. Taps = H
L
12
Remote Capillary Seal
1.0 psia (27.7 inH2O)
DP Transmitter
DP
= Hside - Lside = L*SGp - H*SGf
SGp
SGf
H L
= (L*SGp + h*SGf ) - (H+h)*SGf
Pressure 2
Level Calculation with Remote Seals

Example: Double Remote Seal Application What is the Calibration Range? 4mA pt?
DP = = = = (at 0% level) Phigh - Plow Head2 - Head1 (0.9*30) - (0.9*100) -63H2O
13
100%
Head1
70
50
Head3

DP
= Phigh - Plow = (Head2 + Head3) - Head1 = [(0.9*30) + (1.1*50)] (0.9*100) = -8H2O
0%
Head2 L H
S.G = 1.1 30
Cal. Range = -63 to -H2O
S.Gfill=0.9
Density Calculation with Remote Seals

Example: To measure change in density
Remote Seal Ullage
14
What is the Calibration Range? Ptop (at 0% level) 4mA pt?

DP = 120 * (SGp - SGf) = 120 * (1.1 - 0.95) = 18H2O
10 ft

DP L H = 120 * (SGp - SGf) Pbottom = 120 * (1.3 - 0.95) SGf = 0.95 = 42H2O SGp 1.1 to 1.3 Max. Allowable S.G = 0.2 Dist. Betw. Taps = 10 ft = 10 x 12 Cal. Range = 18 to 42H2O = 120
Pressure 2
Interface Calculation with Remote Seals

Application Example: To determine % of interface of Liquid A with respect to Liquid B. What is the Calibration Range? Remote Seal (at 0% level) 4mA pt? Ptop
DP = 120 * (SG1 - SGf) = 120 * (1.1 - 0.95) = 18H2O
15
Vapor
SG1= 1.1 100%
10 ft
L H
Liquid B
SG2= 1.3 0%

DP = 120 * (SG2 - SGf) = 120 * (1.3 - 0.95) = 42H2O
Pbottom
Liquid A
= 10 ft = 10 x 12 = 120
Dist. Betw. Taps
SGf = 0.95
Why Use Remote Seals?
16
High temperatures Corrosive processes Prevent clogging Sanitary applications

Chemical Spray (Clean in Place) (CIP) Effluent
Debris clogging up the transmitter
Bacteria
Cracks and Crevices
Pressure 2
Why Use Remote Seals?
17
Reduce number of joints Wet or dry leg replacement Cold Ambient Temperatures Process Connection Fitting Viscous Applications
TOXIC
Threaded Connection
Threaded Connection
Variable height Changes head pressure
Remote Seal Applications

Level Pressure Flow Density Interface
DENSITY
BIO HAZARD
18
ACID
SANITARY PRESSURE
LEVEL
REACTOR
FLOW
Pressure 2
How Remote Seal Works?
19
PRESSURE
FILL FLUID
PROCESS ISOLATING DIAPHRAGM
PRESSURE
Remote Seals System Components

Pressure transmitter Low volume transmitter flange Connection between seal and transmitter Fill fluid One or two seals Mounting Ring or Flange
Fill Fluid
20
Lower Housing/ Flushing Ring
Capillary
Diaphragm Upper Housing

Pressure 2
Classifications of Remote Seals

Diaphragm seals fall into five groups: Flange Mount - Flushed Flange Mount - Extended Flange Mount - Internal Threaded Sanitary
21
Factors Affecting Seal Performance

A Remote Seal Assembly has its own performance characteristics that are additive to the transmitter performance. Temperature Time Response Head Temperature Effect Seal performance is primarily affected by fill fluid and diaphragm stiffness.
22
Pressure 2

Volume Displacement
23
Ambient
Hot
Cold
Max volume
Volume Displacement Pressure Error Diaphragm Stiffness Curve
No Fill Fluid
Volume

Remote Seal Temperature Effects
Volume - Cubic Inches
24
V2 V V1 P P1
pressure inches H2O
Typical Diaphragm Stiffness Curve

P2
Center Diaphragm Deflection in Inches
Stiffness is affected by: Diameter of measuring surface (Larger diaphragm = Less stiff) Material (modulus of elasticity) Thickness Convolution pattern
Pressure 2

Remote Seal Temperature Effects
25
Fill Fluid Volume
Temperature Effect
Increase
Fill Fluid Coefficient of Expansion
Temperature Effect
Increase
Diaphragm Stiffness
Temperature Effect Level 1 - Pressure 2

Remote Seal Head Temperature Error Fill fluid density (specific gravity) changes due to temperature changes. Zero offset is affected by fill fluid density changes. Calculate Head Temperature Error (HTE).
Initial Head (Hi) = d*SGf HTE = - d*SGf *E*dT
d = Distance Between Taps SGf = Specific Gravity of Fill Fluid E = Coefficient of Thermal Expansion dT = Temperature Change
26
Pressure 2

Calculating Head Temperature Error
27
Initial head: d*SGf = 93.4 With +25o Temperature change HTE = - (100*25*.0006*.934) = -1.380 Therefore, at a higher temperature, the head pressure on the transmitter = (93.4 - 1.40) = 92.0
d= 100 SGf = 0.934 exp. coef. = .0006 in/in/F

Optimizing Seal System High Pressure Side Seal DECREASE
High Side Volume
28
Low Pressure Side Seal INCREASE

Low Side Volume
Larger Diaphragm Thinner Diaphragm Smaller Capillary ID Direct Mount
Smaller Diaphragm Thicker Diaphragm Larger Capillary ID

High Side Stiffness
Low Side Stiffness
Pressure 2

Remote Seal Time Response Is affected by: Fill fluid viscosity Capillary I.D. Capillary length Type and range of transmitter
29
Calibrating Analog Pressure Transmitters

Zero & Span adjustments are interactive: During Span adjustment, Zero point shifts Full Span
4 mA 20 mA
30
: 0 to 100 psi
At 50 psi Reading
Zero Pot Span Pot
Analog Output = 50/100*16 + 4 mA = 12 mA
Accurate Input Source
Output Electronics
Set 4 mA point at 20 psi using Zero Pot Set 20 mA point at 80 psi using Span Pot
4 mA 20 mA
50 20 80 50
psi psi psi psi

Process Connection
Sensor Module
New Range New Span
: 20 to 80 psi : 80 - 20 = 60 psi
At 50 psi Reading
Analog Output = (50-20)/60*16 + 4 mA = 12 mA

Pressure 2
Calibrating Analog Pressure Transmitters
31
On Amplifier Board
Linearity Adjustment Screw marked as LIN
All in all, only 3 types of calibration / configuration that can be performed on an analog transmitter : Calibrating 4-20 mA points Damping Linearity Adjustment
Linearizing Procedure
DAMP LIN
Damping Adjustment Screw marked as DAMP
Use accurate input source Apply mid scale input Note Desired - Actual Output = x Multiply by a correction factor = xy Multiply by Range Down factor = xyz Apply full scale input Adjust linearity to (full scale output -/+ xyz) depending on +ve/-ve error at mid scale input
Calibrating Analog Transmitter
32
Model 272 , 4-20 mA Field Calibrator
Accurate Sensor Input Source
282 Loop Validator
Calibrator connected to the TEST Terminals for calibration with accurate sensor input source.
Pressure 2
Configuration Smart Pressure Transmitter On-Line

Master Communicator Memory Retrieve Configuration data at On-Line Send Edited Configuration data at On-Line Slave SMART Transmitter Memory
33
Using a HART Communicator

Create OR Edit: Tag Name Engineering Units Damping - Smoothening the transmitters Output Transfer function - Linear to Square-root Output or vice-versa Sensor Setup - For temperature transmitter LCD Meter configuration Review transmitter information
Performing On-Line Diagnosis in Smart Pressure Transmitter

Loop Test Loop test allow user to commission via the HART Protocol the Smart Transmitter to varify:
The integrity of the loop. The operation of other devices in the loop.
Controller Recorder
Z S
34
12 mA
250 Meter 12 mA P.S
+
COMM
TEST
FIELD TERMINALS
Force Transmitter to Output a Constant Indicator Analog Value

Pressure 2
Calibrating Smart Pressure Transmitter

Using Local Zero & Span Adjustment
35
Similar to calibrating 44-20 mA points in Analog Transmitters
Non-Interactive Span & Zero Buttons

Use accurate input source. Apply 0% input & activate zero button to set 4 mA. Apply 100% input & activate span button to set 20 mA.

A/D D/A
36
Communications Using HART Communicator Output 20 mA when you see 150 InH2O. Output 4 mA when you see 0 InH2O. Dont Require Accurate Input Source
From Home Screen

3051C : PT-5639 Online 1 Device Setup 2 PV 3 Analog Out 4 PV LRV 5 PV URV HELP
F1 F2
60.00 inH2O 12.00 mA 0.00 inH2O 120.00 inH2O

F3 F4
3051C : PT-5639 1 LRV 2 URV
0.00 inH2O 120.00 inH2O
3051C : PT-5639 URV 120.00 inH2O 150.00
HELP
F1 F2
HOME
F3 F4
HELP
F1
DEL
F2
ESC
F3
ENTER
F4
Pressure 2

Using Communicator
User can perform Digital Trims on Smart Transmitter via HART Protocol:
37
Output Trims
D/A Trim Scaled D/A Trim
Match Transmitters Digital 4-20 mA to Plant Standard Analog 4- 20mA Match Transmitters Digital 4- 20 mA to Plant Standard Analog Output other than 4- 20 mA (eg. 1- 5 V) Zero out small offset in sensor output at TRUE ZERO by resetting A/D Linearize Transmitters Digital PV to Accurate Input Source ( Two-Point Trim )
Input Trims
Zero Trim Full Trim Low Trim High Trim
A/D
D/A Communications
Why Perform 420 mA Output Trim ?

Inaccurate Digital Interpretation of Plant Standard Analog Output. + Ranged 0100 inH20
38
20.22 mA
DVM
Does NOT Match !!!
3051C : PT-5639 Online 1 Device Setup 2 PV 3 AO 4 LRV 5 URV
100.00 inH2O 20.00 mA 0.00 inH2O 100.00 inH2O

100 InH20
Pressure 2
How 4-20 mA Output Trim Works ?

High Trim 20.15 mA
20 mA
39
AL TU AC AL I DE
Plant Standard Meter Reading
4 mA
3.95 mA
4 mA
Low Trim
A/D
Digital 4- 20 mA Output
20 mA
Update D/A conversion

D/A Communications
Why Perform Sensor Full Trim ?

Inaccurate interpretation of process variable by the A/D circuit during conversion to digital signal. + Ranged 20.42 mA 0150 inH20 DVM
40
3051C : PT-5639 Online 1 Device Setup 2 PV 150.40 inH2O 3 AO 20.42 mA 4 LRV 0.00 inH2O 5 URV 150.00 inH2O
150 inH20
Does NOT Match !!!

Pressure 2
How Input Trim Works ?

Digital PV Reading High Trim 101.5H2O 100H2O
AL TU L C A EA ID
41
- 50H2O Require Accurate Input Source

A/D
- 50H2O -49.5H2O
Process Variable 100H2O Input Low Trim
Update A/D conversion

D/A Communications
What is Input Trim ?

Sensor Trim Zero Trim used to zero out small changes in output, often caused by: Mounting Effect Static Pressure Effect Full Trim (Span Trim or Linearize) used to update A/D conversion, because of: Changes in Module
4-20 mA OUTPUT 4-20 mA OUTPUT 4-20 mA OUTPUT
Ideal Span 0 to 100 inH2O Input
42
4-20 mA OUTPUT 4-20 mA OUTPUT 4-20 mA OUTPUT

Ideal Span 0 to 100 inH2O Input
Characteristics Drift over time
Pressure 2
Zeroing Procedures
On the Bench transmitter in upright position transmitter vented zero transmitter at atmospheric pressure In the field stop process/wet leg input to transmitter isolate the valves transmitter vented For DP Flow, equalize static pressures zero transmitter at atmospheric pressure
43
A/D -Zero Trim vs D/A Zeroing

Bench CalibrationPV: 0.0 inH2O Output: 4.00 mA Range Points: 060 inH2O PV: Output: 0.85 inH2O 4.22 mA
44
After Mounting -
Range Points: 060 inH2O A/D - Zero Trim using Communicator PV: 0.0 inH2O Output: 4.00 mA Range Points: 0.60inH2O Zero based Application Similar to Low Trim - Zero Based D/A - Zeroing using Zero Button PV: 0.85 inH2O Output: 4.00 mA Range Points: 0.8560.85inH2O To get back: Rerange using Communicator Similar to Re-ranging using zero button
Pressure 2
Basic Application
Line Pressure - Gas Flow in a Pipe Transmitter Mounting & Calibration Range
Min. Operating Pressure = 5 psig Max. Operating Pressure = 50 psig
45
GP: Ranged from 5 psig to 50 psig Operating Span = 45 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 5 psig 20 mA (100% reading) = 50 psig AP: Ranged from 19.7 psia to 64.7 psia Operating Span = 45 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 19.7 psia 20 mA (100% reading) = 64.7 psia
AP/GP Line Pressure
Gas Flow
Basic Application
Line Pressure - Liquid Flow in a Pipe Transmitter Mounting & Calibration Range
GP: Ranged from 50 psig to 500 psig Operating Span = 450 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 50 psig 20 mA (100% reading) = 500 psig AP: Ranged from 64.7 psia to 514.7 psia Operating Span = 450 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 64.7 psia 20 mA (100% reading) = 514.7 psia
46
Min. Operating Pressure = 50 psig Max. Operating Pressure = 500 psig
Liquid Flow
If transmitter reads 8 mA GP = 50 + (8 - 4)/16 * 450 = 162.5 psig AP = 64.7 + (8 - 4)/16 * 450 = 177.2 psia
AP/GP Line Pressure
8 mA
Pressure 2
Basic Application
Line Pressure - Steam Flow in a Pipe Transmitter Mounting & Calibration Range
GP: Ranged from 30 psig to 110 psig Operating Span = 80 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 30 psig 20 mA (100% reading) = 110 psig
47
Min. Operating Pressure = 20 psig Max. Operating Pressure = 100 psig Wet Leg Pressure = 10 psig
Steam Flow
AP: Ranged from 44.7 psia to 124.7 psia Operating Span = 80 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 44.7 psia 20 mA (100% reading) = 124.7 psia
AP/GP Line Pressure
Wet Leg
Basic Application
Line Pressure - Steam Flow in a Pipe
48
Zero Suppression for Steam Line Pressure Measurement

Steam line Wet Leg Transmitter Before Suppression After Suppression 100 inches
Transmitter Ranged: 0 - 500 kPa Operating Span = 500 kPa Wet Leg: 1 inch Tube Wet Leg Liquid: 1.2 S.G. Steam Pressure: 400 kPa
4 mA point 0 kPa 30 kPa
20 mA point 500 kPa 530 kPa
At line pressure = 0 kPa, the sensor will sense wet leg pressure (Head). Wet leg pressure (Head) = Vert. Height * S.G = 100 * 1.2 = 120 inH2O = 120 * 0.25 kPa = 30 kPa Zero Suppression
Pressure 2
Basic Application
Static Pressure - Pressurized Vessel Transmitter Mounting & Calibration Range
GP: Ranged from 0 psig to 200 psig Operating Span = 200 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 0 psig 20 mA (100% reading) = 200 psig Ranged from 14.7 psia to 214.7 psia Operating Span = 200 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 14.7 psia 20 mA (100% reading) = 214.7 psia
49
Min. Operating Pressure = 0 psig Max. Operating Pressure = 200 psig AP/GP Static Pressure Compressed Gas
AP:
Basic Application
Vacuum Application Transmitter Mounting & Calibration Range
GP: Ranged from -10 psig to -5psig Operating Span = 5 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = -5 psig 20 mA (100% reading) = -10 psig AP: Ranged from 9.7 psia to 4.7 psia Operating Span = 5 psi 4 mA (0% reading) = 9.7 psia 20 mA (100% reading) = 4.7 psia Min. Operating Vacuum = 5 psi Max. Operating Vacuum = 10 psi
50
Process Vacuum
If transmitter reads 8 mA GP = - 5 - (8 - 4)/16 * 5 = - 6.25 psig AP = 9.7 - (8 - 4)/16 * 5 = 8.45 psia
AP/GP
8 mA
Vacuum Generator
Pressure 2
Basic Application
Hydrostatic Pressure - Inferring Liquid Level in a Tank 51 Transmitter Mounting & Calibration Range
DP: Calibration Range: 0 inH2O to 600 inH2O Operating Span = (50 * 12) * 1.0 = 600 inH2O 4 mA (0 ft) = 0 inH2O 20 mA (50 ft) = 600 inH2O 20mA DP Head If transmitter reads 8 mA Pressure Min. Level = 0 ft Max. Level = 50 ft
Max. Level
50 ft
DP
= (8 - 4)/16 * 600 = 150 inH2O 4mA Level = 150/600 * 50 = 12.5 ft 8 mA
S.G = 1.0 Min. Level
L H
0 ft
Basic Application
Inferring Flow Rate in a Pipe Application Example: 0% of flow 100 GPM 4 inH2O DP 100 % of flow 400 GPM 64 inH2O DP If transmitter reads 36 inH2O flow (Q2) = 300 GPM ( 400/(64) ) * (36) (300/400) * 100% = 75% of flow Calibration Range: 4 to 64 inH2O
FT FIC
52
36 inH2O
Flow : 100 to 400 GPM

FE
Pressure 2
Basic Application
Mounting Configurations Gas Service
53
Mounting Configuration
Condensate fall back into the pipe/process
Thermal isolation by filling condensate
Steam Service
Gas Service
Slope Slope 1 inch per foot 1 inch per foot
Liquid Service
Vapor will rise back into the pipe/ process

Exercise
54
1. A vessel contains a solution that is fibrous and viscous. A vacuum is pulled on the solution so that it will boil at a lower temperature. Which of the following would be most suitable technology to measure the level ? A. Float B. Ultrasonic C. Pressure transmitter with wet leg D. Pressure transmitter with remote seal [ ]
An orifice plate creates a differential pressure of 64 kPa at flow rate of 40 m3/s through a pipe. 2. Calculate the differential pressure at 10 m3/s. 3. Calculate the flow rate at 16 kPa differential pressure. 4. Calculate DP accuracy (%) at 10 m3/s If the transmitters reference accuracy is 0.1% of span. (DP sensitivity is 0.5) [ [ [ ] ] ]
Pressure 2
Exercise
Steam line Wet Leg Transmitter 6m Wet Leg:25mm Tube Wet Leg Liquid:1.1 S.G. Steam Pressure:500 kPa
55
(Note 1 mm H2O = 9.8 Pa)
5. In the above application, what amount of zero suppression (kPa) is required if the transmitter was ranged 0 - 600 kPa ? [ ] Identify the correct configuration for the following services. 6. Liquid Service 7. Steam Service [ [ ] ]
(A)
(B)
(C)
Exercise
8. Calculate the calibration range of the DP 100% transmitter for the closed tank application(dry leg).
400 in.
56
450 in.
4 mA point = [ 20 mA point = [
inH2O ] inH2O ]
S.G = 1.0
0% H DP L
9. Calculate the calibration range of the DP transmitter for the remote seal application. 4 mA point = [ 20 mA point = [
30 kPa Vacuum 100%
S.G = 1.1 300 in.

DP
250 in.
inH2O ] inH2O ]
S.G = 0.9
0%
L 50 in.

Training - Pressure2

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Level 1 - Fundamental Training

Level 1 Fundamental Training

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Fundamental Training

DP Accuracy on Flow Measurement

A flow range of 5:1 will have a DP range of 25:1

An 1151S is good for 0.1% of span.

DP Accuracy on Flow Measurement

Flow turndown is 4:1 DP turndown is 16:1

DP Accuracy = 16 x 0.1% = 1.6%

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Fundamental Training

Open Vessel Level Calculation

20mA pt? (at 100% level) GP = Head = 1.1*50 = 55 H2O

Cal. Range = 0 to 55H2O

Open Vessel Level Calculation

20mA pt? (at 100% level) GP = Head2 = 1.1*50 = 55 H2O

Cal. Range = 11 to 55H2O

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Fundamental Training

Open Vessel Level Calculation

Cal. Range = 11 to 66H2O

Zero Suppression & Elevation

20 H2O 0 H2O -20 H2O

0%/LRV of Dry Leg True Zero (Measured) 0%/LRV of Wet Leg

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Fundamental Training

Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)

Cal. Range = -84 to -29H2O

Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Fundamental Training

Closed Tank Level Calculation (Wet Leg)

20mA pt? (at 100% level)

Level Calculation with Remote Seals

Remote Capillary Seal

1.0 psia (27.7 inH2O)

= Hside - Lside = L*SGp - H*SGf

= (L*SGp + h*SGf ) - (H+h)*SGf

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Fundamental Training

Level Calculation with Remote Seals

20mA pt? (at 100% level)

= Phigh - Plow = (Head2 + Head3) - Head1 = [(0.9*30) + (1.1*50)] (0.9*100) = -8H2O

Cal. Range = -63 to -H2O

Density Calculation with Remote Seals

What is the Calibration Range? Ptop (at 0% level) 4mA pt?

20mA pt? (at 100% level)

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Fundamental Training

Interface Calculation with Remote Seals

SG1= 1.1 100%

20mA pt? (at 100% level)

Dist. Betw. Taps

Cal. Range = 18 to 42H2O

Why Use Remote Seals?

High temperatures Corrosive processes Prevent clogging Sanitary applications

Debris clogging up the transmitter

Cracks and Crevices

Power Point Presentation Handouts

Level 1 - Fundamental Training

Why Use Remote Seals?

Variable height Changes head pressure

Remote Seal Applications

= Hside - Lside = LSGp - HSGf

= (LSGp + hSGf ) - (H+h)*SGf

= Phigh - Plow = (Head2 + Head3) - Head1 = [(0.930) + (1.150)] (0.9*100) = -8H2O