2014

Solucionario de
ecuaciones 3

ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
RAFAEL ALEJANDRO VZQUEZ ORTEGA

INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE IZTAPALAPA |

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1.11 f1(x)=1+4x , f2((x)=-3x+1 , f3(x)=x+4, f4(x)=6x , f5(x)=2e2X

W(1+4x, -3x+1, 2/3x+4, 6x, 2e2x)=

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1+4x||

|| +3x-1||

|| +2/3x+4||

| +2e2x|

1+4x [-3|

| 2/3|

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|+6|

| 4e2x|

1+4x [-3(0)-2/3(0)+6(0)-4e2x (0)]=0

Como el resultado de la matriz es igual a 0 y los dems son paralelos a este,
entonces, w=0 que es linealmente dependiente.

1.12 f1(x)=2x2-6x+4, f2(x)= x2-2x-7,

f3(x)=-xex,

f4(x)=7,

W(2x2-6x+4, x2-2x-7. -xex, 7, cos(x))=

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- xex
u=-x

v= ex

f5(x)=cos(x)

|-

v= ex

u=-

-xex- ex- ex=- xex- 2ex

xex-3ex=- xex- ex-2ex=- xex- ex- 3ex= -xex -4ex
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2x2-6x+4|

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-x2-2x-7|

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- xex|

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- 7|

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cos(x) |

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|+xex+ex |
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2x -6x+4 [2x-2|

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0|

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En las matrices 1, 2, 3 nos da como resultado 0 y en la matriz 5 tambin da 0.

( )
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-7[4x-6 |

- xe |
x

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sen(x) |

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4x-6[(-2x ex cos(x) - 6ex cos(x))+0+0]-2x ex sen(x) - 8 ex sen(x)]=

[4x-6[(-2x ex cos(x) - 6ex cos(x)- 2x ex sen(x) - 8 ex sen(x)]=
-8x2 ex cos(x) +12x ex cos(x)- 24x ex cos(x)+ 36ex cos(x)+r+8x2 ex sen(x)-12x ex
sen(x) + 32x ex sen(x)- 48ex sen(x)
[4x ex cos(x) +12x ex cos(x)- 4x ex sen(x)+ 16ex sen (x)]-7-28x ex cos(x)- 84x ex
cos(x)+ 28xex sen(x)+112 ex sen(x)=
Cos(x)[- 28xex - 84ex] +senx(28x ex senx + 112 ex senx)
Como w0 entonces es linealmente independiente.
x ex (28 senx 28 cosx)+ ex(112senx 84cosx)= 28x ex (senx cosx)+ ex(112senx
84cosx)
w0 es linealmente independiente.

. 3 y-2y-3y=xe2x
y-2y-3y=0
r2-2r-3=0

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( )(

r1=3, r2=-1
yc= C1e3x+C2e-x
g(x)= xe2x = yp=Axe2x
yp=Axe2x
yp=Ax(2e2x)+A(e2x)= Axe2x+A e2x
yp= 2Ax(2e2x)+2A(e2x)+2Ae2x = 4Axe2x+4Ae2x+ 2Ae2x
=4Axe2x+4Ae2x
Sustituimos en la original
4Axe2x+4Ae2x-2(2Axe2x+Ae2x)-3(Axe2x)=
4Axe2x+4Ae2x-4Axe2x-2Ae2x-3Axe2x=
2Axe2x-3Axe2x=xe2x+0

-3A=1; A=-1/3
2A=0; A=0/2
yp=Axe2x
yp= -1/3xe2x
y= yc+yp; y= C1e3x+C2e-x-1/3xe2x

2.1

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2.8 4y(v)-8y(iv)- 7y

2y 9y=0

4r5-8r4-17r3+12r2+9r=0
r(4r4-8r3-17r2+12r+9)=0
r1=0
Aplicando la divisin sinttica se obtiene:

r2=3
r3=1

( )( )

( )

r4=

= -1/2

r5=-3/2
y=C1e0+ C2e3+ C3e + C4e-1/2 + C5-3/2 solucin general

2.11 y(v)- 6y=0

r5-16r3=0
r3(r2-16)=0
r1=0
r2=0
r3=0
r4=4
y= C1e0+ C2e3+ C3e0 + C4e4
y= C1+ C2+ C3+ C4e4. Solucin general

2. 3 y 4y 4y=0; y(0)=

y(0)=-1

r2+4r+4=0

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r1=-4/2= -2
r2=-4/2= -2

y=C1e-2x+C2e-2x
y=-2 C1e-2x+C2(-2e-2x )+C2(e-2x) =-2 C1e-2x+2C2e-2x +C2e-2x
y= 4 C1e-2x-2 C2e-2x+ C2e-2x=4 C1e-2x-4 C2e-2x-2 C2e-2x- 2 C2e-2x
y= 4 C1e-2x-4 C2e-2x-4 C2e-2x
Con y(0)=1
1= C1e-2(0)+C2e-2(0)

Con y(0)=-1
-1=-2 C1e-2(0)+2C2e-2(0)+C2e-2(0)
-1=-2C1+C2
-1= -2(1)+C2
C2=1
C1=1
Sustituyendo en la original:
y=C1e-2x+C2e-2x
y= e-2x+xe-2x. Solucin particular

2.14 y(iv)

3y 36y=0; y(0)=-4 y(0)=-2 y(0)=8

r4+13r2+36=0
r2(r2+13)+36=0
r2=-36
r1,2=6 i r1,2=
A=0 B=6 B=
y=eox[C1 cos6x + C2 sen6x] + eox [C3 cos
y=C1 cos6x + C2 sen6x + C3 cos
y=-6 C1 sen6x + 6vC2 cos6x -
y=-36 C1 cos6x - 36vC2 sen6x Con y(0)=4

+ C4 sen

+ C4 sen
C3 sen
C3 cos

+
-

C4 cos
C4 sen

4= C1 cos6x + C2 sen6x + C3 cos

+ C4 sen

4=C1+C3
Con y(0)=-2
-2=-6 C1 sen6x + 6vC2 cos6x -
-2=6 C3+

C3 sen

C3 cos

C4 cos

C4

Con y(0)=8
8=-36 C1 cos6x - 36vC2 sen6x -

C4 sen

8=-36 C1-13 C3
Aplicando division sinttica
r1(36)+r3

2.15 y(iv)-7y

0y=0

r4-7r2+10=0
(r2-5) (r2-2)=0
r2 = 5

r2 = 2

r1=
r2=
r3
r4=
y= C1e5+C2e5+C3e2 + C4e2. Solucin general

3.1

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3.3

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3.5

3.6

3.7

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3.8

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3.9

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3.10

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3.11

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Caso 1

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3.17 y' ' y cot x csc x

y ' ' y 0
r 2 1
r1 1
r2 1

Caso 2

g ( x) cot x csc x
yp a cot xb cscx
cos x
1
1
yp

senx senx cos x

senx( senx) cos x(cos x) cos x sen (1)
yp'

sen 2 x
sen 2 x cos2 x
sen 2 x cos2 x cos x sen (1)
yp

sen 2 x
sen 2 x cos2 x
cos2 x cos x sen (1)
yp 1

sen 2 x sen 2 x cos2 x

yp ( sen 2 x(2 cos x( senx)(1)) cos2 x(2 senx cos x)
sen 2 x( senx) cos x(2 senx cos x9
]
sen 4 x
cos2 x(cos x) senx(2 cos xsenx)
cos4 x
[2 cos xsen 3 x 2 cos3 xsenx]

sen 4 x
sen 3 x 2 cos2 xsenx
[
]
sen 4 x
cos3 x 2 cos xsen 2 x

cos4 x
2 cos x 2 cos3 x
1
2 cos2 x
1
2 sen 2 x

senx
sen 3 x senx sen 3 x cos x cos3 x
[

Y=c1xe+4senx
3.19

Considerando

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Caso 2

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