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EDPH306!!Assessment!Task!1:!Information!and!Action!Sheet!
The!use!of!Information!and!Communication!Technology!in!Health!and!Physical!Education!
Alex!Biaggini!
S00104555!
Tuesday!9am!
The!Information!
The!Action!

The!new!Health!and!Physical!Education!Australian!Curriculum!has!
been! developed! to! educate! students! on! how! to! live! healthy! and!
active!lives.!Guided!by!the!Melbourne!Declaration!on!Educational!
Goals! for! Young! Australians,! the! national! curriculum! has! given!
particular!emphasis!to!the!use!of!ICT!in!all!subject!areas!due!to!the!
technology! boom! that! we! currently! live! in.! Health! and! Physical!
Education! is! no! exception! and! despite! ICT! being! previously!
underutilized! in! the!past,! there!is!a! growing!chorus!for!change!in!
the!way!we!teach!and!assess!students!for!HPE.!
!
Rapid& and& continuing& advances& in& information& and&
communication& technologies& (ICT)& are& changing& the& ways&
people& share,& use,& develop& and& process& information& and&
technology.& In& this& digital& age,& young& people& need& to& be&
highly& skilled& in& the& use& of& ICT.& While& schools& already&
employ& these& technologies& in& learning,& there& is& a& need& to&
increase& their& effectiveness& significantly& over& the& next&
decade.&(MCEETYA,!2008,!p.!5)!
!
With! falling! costs,! wider! availability! and! ever! increasing!
capabilities,!technology!has!given!ICT!a!new!and!important!role!in!
Health! and! Physical! Education! (Banville! &! Polifko,! 2009).! Whilst!
reviewing! video! footage! has! been! used! for! some! time! now,! slow!
motion,! freeze! frame! and! direct! video! comparisons! are! more!
modern!features!that!can!now!be!done!in!an!instant!in!the!palm!of!
ones!hand! (Banville!&! Polifko,! 2009;!Tearle! &!Golder,! 2008).!Not!
only! is! there! more! we! can! do! with! less,! but! also! it! is! becoming!
more!userVfriendly.!With!the!influx!of!new!technology!available!to!

primary! teachers,! the! challenge! is! now! to! use! ICT! in! a! way! that!
engages!the!students!to!enhance!their!learning.!!
!
A!study!by!Casey!and!Jones!(2011)!found!that!video!analysis!used!
in!physical!education!lessons!was!a!new!novelty!for!many!classes!
and! immediately! gained! the! attention! of! the! students.! This!
engagement! opens! up! more! possibilities! for! discussion! and!
reflection! in! lessons! as! opposed! to! simply! assessing! student!
performance.! The! technology! in! PE! lessons! stimulated! students!
appreciation! in! the! application! of! skills! in! game! situations! and! a!
deeper! understanding! through! verbalization! of! the! skills! they!
observed! through! video! footage! and! interactive! apps! (Casey! and!
Jones,! 2011).! The! challenge! in! physical! education! then! becomes!
how! to! use! such! technology! in! meaningful! ways! that! enhance!
students!learning!and!keeping!the!use!of!ICT!from!becoming!stale!
(Harris,!2009).!
!
Casey! and! Jones! (2011)! also! discovered! that! technology! could!
have! a! positive! impact! on! those! with! adverse! attitudes! towards!
physical! education.! Students! who! had! previously! been! vocally!
negative!towards!PE!were! found!to!have! a!good!connection!with!
the! technology! where! they! modeled! their! work! against! the! best!
practice! model.! Interviews! with! these! students! during! the! study!
revealed!that!when!a!skill!was!not!performed!very!well,!they!could!
provide! immediate! feedback! as! to! what! characteristic! needed!
improvement,!reflecting!the!deep!understanding!they!had!formed!
from! the! video! or! interactive! technology! and! an! eagerness! to!
correct! the! skill! error.! Video! feedback! is! particularly! effective! for!
these! students! as! it! is! precise! and! nonV
judgmental! (Weir! &! Connor,! 2009).! Students!
were!seen!to!be!not!only!correcting!themselves!
but! also! assisting! others! as! the! technology!
validated! their! performance! and! made! them!
feel!proficient!enough!to!teach!others!within!the!
space!of!one!lesson!(Casey!and!Jones,!2011).!
!
Word!count:!545!
!

The! most! popular! use! of! ICT! in! primary! physical!

education! is! the! use! of! interactive! whiteboards,!
projected! images,! digital! cameras! and! video! analysis!
(OFSTED,! 2009).! Tearle! and! Golder! (2008)! notes! that!
video! analysis! is! particularly! powerful! for! students! to!
learn! from! as! they! can! review! footage! of! in! discrete!
parts! as! well! as! the! whole,! allowing! for! a! skill! to! be!
broken!down!into!individual!steps.!Dartfish!is!one!such!
application!that!allows!users!to!view,!edit!and!analyze!
video! in! PE! lessons! to! provide! visual! feedback!
(Dartfish,! n.d.).! Using! Dartfish,! students! can! gain! a!
deeper! understanding! of! the! individual! elements! that!
they! see! an! elite! athlete! use! when! performing! a! skill!
and! then! immediately! review! their! own! performance!
against!the! model!(Casey!&!Jones,!2011,!Harris,!2009;!
Dartfish,! n.d.).! Video! analysis! also! allows! for! slow!
motion! replays!for! students! to! see! actions! that!might!
be!quite!quick,!and!freezeVframes!to!highlight!specific!
elements! of! a! skill! or! action! (Casey! &! Jones,! 2011).!
What! teachers! can! do! at! primary! school! level! is! to!
explain!to!the!students!what!the!skill!is,!show!footage!
of! the! skill! being! modeled! several! times! while!
discussing! individual! aspects! of! the! skill,! film! the! skill!
being! practiced! and! then! reviewing.! Students! tend! to!
question!and!reflect!deeply!on!their!performance!when!
viewing!themselves! on!camera!(Casey!&! Jones,!2011).!
Video! analysis! is! best! implemented! when! the! lessons!
are! student! centered,! everyone! is! engaged! in! the!
learning! process! and! the! teacher! acts! as! a! facilitator!
whilst! students! breakdown! their! own! performance!
against!the!ideal!model,!discussing!how!to!perform!the!
skill! and! recognize! where! they! personally! need! to!
improve! (Casey! and! Jones,! 2011;! Tearle! &! Golder,!
2008;!Weir!&!Connor,!2009).!!
!
Weir!and!Connor!(2009)!found!that!electronic!learning!
portfolios!were!found!to!be!an!effective!and!engaging!
way! to! use! ICT! in! physical! education.! Students! could!
compile!their!own!personal!research!bank!of!skills!they!
practice! in! real! world! applications,! monitor! their! own!
development!within!lessons,!post!online!reflection!and!
submit!all!this!to!their!teacher!for!assessment.!Units!of!
work! that! provide! a! fluid! transition! of! lessons! make!

these!eVportfolios!effective!learning!tools! as!it! helps!

students! recap! on! the! learning! from! the! previous!
lessons!and!transfer!those!skills!into!the!next!lesson!
(Weir! &! Connor,! 2009).! It! is! worth! noting! that!
portfolio! compilation! is! best! suited! to! activities! and!
sports! with! discrete! skills! such! as! athletics,!
gymnastics! and! dance,! as! these! are! more! individual!
sports! that! are! selfVcentered! as! opposed! to! team!
games! where! some! students! may! dominate! and!
others!play!lesser!roles!(Weir!and!Connor,!2009).!
!
Teachers!can!and!should!be!taking!advantage!of!the!
enormous! online! community! that! can! discuss!
physical! education! at! primary! school! level,! share!
lesson! resources! and! unit! plans,! interact! with! other!
schools! and! download! applications! for! digital!
devices.! The! online! community! can! extend! to! your!
own!students!where!discussion!boards!and!wiki!posts!
can! form! part! of! student! learning,! reflection! and/or!
assessment.! Social! media! such! as! Twitter! can! be! a!
useful!way! for! your!students! to!go!and! view! videos,!
host! or! participate! in! discussions! and! even! submit!
work! (e.g.! tweeting! what! skills! they! notice!are!used!
in!shotVput)!using!predetermined!hash!tags.!!
!
The! NSW! Department! of! Education! and! Training!
website!
(http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.a
u)! has!a!wide! range!of! resources!and! suggested!ICT!
applications! for! Android! and! Apple! devices!
accompanied! by! descriptions! and! download! links.!
These! applications! range! from! video! analysis,! social!
networking,!fitness!testing!and!data!lodging.!
!
Teaching!alongside!ICT!in!PE!can!be!of!great!benefit!
to! both! teacher! and! student,! but! it! is! of! vital!
importance! to! specifically! plan! and! prepare! lessons!
for! using! technology! instead! of! simply! including! a!
video!camera!or!iPad!into!a!conventional!lesson.!The!
right! way!to!engage!one!learner!might!not!work!for!
another! and! you! will! need! to! think! of! a! lesson! that!
maximizes!their!learning!(Casey!&!Jones,!2011,!Harris!
2009,!Weir!&!Connor,!2009).!
!
Word!count:!657!

Alex Biaggini

S00104555

Tuesday 9am

Reference List:
Banville, D. & Polifko, M.F. (2009). Using digital video recorders in physical
education. JOPERD: The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,
80(1), 17-21.
Casey, A., & Jones, B. (2011) Using digital technology to enhance student
engagement in physical education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and
Physical Education, 2:2, 51-66, DOI: 10.1080/18377122.2011.9730351
Dartfish - Video Software Solutions. (n.d.). Dartfish - Video Software Solutions.
Retrieved September 9, 2013, from http://www.dartfish.com
Harris, F. (2009). Visual technology in physical education using Dartfish video
analysis to enhance learning: An overview of the Dartfish project in New
Brunswick. Physical & Health Education Journal, 74(4), 24-25.
Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs . 2008 .
Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians .
Retrieved

March

6,

2013,

from

http://www.mceecdya.edu.au/verve/_resources/national_declaration_on_the_
educational_goals_for_young_australians.pdf
OFSTED (2009). Physical education in schools 2005/8: Working towards 2012 and
beyond. London: OFSTED.
Tearle, P., & Golder, G. (2008). The Use Of ICT In The Teaching And Learning Of
Physical Education In Compulsory Education: How Do We Prepare The
Workforce Of The Future?. European Journal of Teacher Education, 31(1),
55-72.
Weir, T., & Connor, S. (2009). The Use Of Digital Video In Physical Education.
Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 18(2), 155-171.