Doppler Effect

- As electromagnetic waves are fired at a stationary object, there is no change in the frequency of
the reflected waves. For a moving object, the reflected waves change.
- For an object moving away from the observer, this happens because the incident waves strike
the reflector at a slightly further away position each consecutive instant, so the reflected wave
is stretch out.
- For an object moving toward the observer, this happens because the incident waves strike the
reflector at a slightly closer position each consecutive instant, so the reflected wave is
compressed.

- The speed of the blood can be determined by emitting waves of known frequency in the
opposite direction of the flow of blood. Measure the frequency of the reflected waves and
compare the change in frequency with the initial frequency, the angle to the flow and the speed
of light for the speed of the blood.