Jordan Higgins

Professor Hofmann
English 1102
18 March 2014
Annotated Bibliography Draft

Haikkinen, Anni, Antti Alaranta, Ilkka Helenius, and Tommi Vasankari. "Use of dietary supplements in
Olympic athletes is decreasing: a follow-up study between 2002 and 2009." Journal of the
International Society of Sports Nutrition. 8.1 (2011): n. page. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.jissn.com/content/8/1/1>.

This source is a study on dietary supplement usage within various Finnish athletic groups. It
studies supplement usage by athletes with a variety of variables such as age, sex, sport type, etc. It
seems that supplement usage has decreased in recent years. These supplements are used to increase
energy, maintain strength, enhance performance, maintain health and immune system and prevent
nutritional deficiencies.
I can implement quite a bit of this study in my report. The demographics of supplement users is
interesting; power sport athletes used the most supplements that contain creatine, proteins, and
vitamins. Parts of this study that pertain to what I am looking for are how much supplements certain
athletes use and what types. For instance, if a power athlete uses vitamins where a skier used vitamin C
and fish oils, there might be something to that. Theyre probably thinking about what theyre putting in
their body (which might only be experience, not actually thinking about it). Overall this shows a bit of
how athletes think about nutrition.
This source is credible. It is from a journal, the Journal of the International Society of Sports
Nutrition. Authors were certified to make this study and were responsible for statistical analysis and
approval of the final manuscript. The research in the article seemed accurate and done using scientific
processes.

McCafferty, Hugo. Interview by Swide. Nutrition is key to Milans high performance. 07 Feb 2013. Web.
25 Mar 2014. http://www.swide.com/sport-man/sport-interview/nutrition-is-key-to-ac-milan-
footballers-an-interview-with-the-nutritionist/2013/02/07.

This source is an interview with AC Milans Nutritionist. It talks about what the team does to
implement a healthy diet into their routine. Specifically, it talks about foods, changes that have to be
made, why they do diets the way they do, why they use certain foods, etc. It does talk about foreign
players and adaptations theyve had to make. It notes on the importance of discipline for nutritional
plans.
I like how this interview goes into diets and what to eat at what time for athletes. Although it
may not specifically talk about athletes nutritional knowledge and experience, it talks about that in an
overall sense with the nutritionist who does this for all athletes. This means that the athletes themselves
might not actually have the nutritional knowledge. You can clearly see the amount of detail that goes
into planning meals and diets. I also like when it talks about foreign players adapting to eating styles in
habits. Overall this will be a good article to include.
I can tell this is a credible source because it is an interview with a nutritionist, who obviously
knows nutrition and has a good mentality behind it. Nutritionists typically have a bachelors degree in
nutrition and most have an advanced degree, as well as a license and certification. AC Milan is a pretty
high caliber athletic team with good athletes and great staff. When it comes to nutrition, they do their
homework.

Porath, Nichole. "My Nutrition Journey." Nichole's Running Journey. N.p., Oct 2013. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.
<http://nicholerunning.blogspot.com/p/nutrition.html>.

This source is a blog of an Olympic level runner. This specific post talks about nutrition and diet,
and her mentality about the foods that she eats. As she changed her eating habits, she noticed results.
As an Olympic runner, she has a mentality of every little bit counts. She noted that for eating, some days
she was motivated to care to eat right, and some days she was not. She did it either way, however,
which is what makes her an Olympic caliber athlete. This post outlines her process of knowing nothing
about nutrition to knowing quite a bit, both knowledge and experience.
This is a good changeup from other sources I have. This is much less of a study and more an
insight of the thought process of an elite athlete. It is relevant because it explains her nutritional
knowledge, what she has learned, and how it has changed her training. I can implement her story into
my essay. I like how it bridges the gap between my other sources, which deal with studies and facts, and
the real world.
This article is a credible source. Since my question has to do with knowledge among athletes and
non-athletes, getting their perspective on the matter ties in directly with the question. The author has
competed in the Olympics and so is obviously an elite athlete. Also, she has some information that came
from a registered dietitian and sports nutritionist.

Sowell, K, S.M Ahmed, and J.P Warber. "The Nutrition Knowledge of Collegiate Division I Male and
Female Scholarship Basketball Players Compared to a Random Sample of Non-Athletes at an
Urban University." Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 106.8 (2006). Print.

This article is a study of strictly nutritional knowledge between a random sample of male
athletes, female athletes, male non-athletes, and female non-athletes. The sample is taken from a
college university and participants took a test composed of 50 multiple choice questions. Females
scored significantly higher than males, and non-athletes actually scored higher than athletes. Causes for
these differences could include the fact that women take more nutritional classes than men and athletes
get most of their information from athletic trainers and magazines.
I like this article because it gives a statistic that you wouldnt expect; the fact that non-athletes
scored higher in nutritional knowledge than athletes. It provides a good dynamic into non-athletes, since
most of my report thus far has to do with athletes only. It does concern me that the sample size was a
total of 40, because that could be skewed. Although this source reports the fact that non-athletes have
more knowledge, I think that that is strict knowledge and athletes actually have more knowledge when
it comes to application into the real world. So although they might not know the book knowledge, they
have the experience of what helps them perform better.
This is a credible source because of the fact that the one author has a PhD in Nutrition and
Dietetics, another author is a DrPH and a registered dietician. The subject assessed was carried out in
the proper way and results seem to match up with the goal.

Tscholl, , M Alonso, oll, A unge, and vorak. The se of rugs and Nutritional upplements in
Top-Level Track and Field Athletes." The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 38.1 (2010): 133-
40. Print.

This article is another statistical study on elite athletes, but with their use of drugs and
supplements and what demographics have a big difference. For instance, usage is less among track
athletes than team athletes, but supplements are used more than twice as often (in track) as they are
in soccer and other multisport events. The sample sizes are 3887 athletes, almost evenly split male and
female. They are diverse, ranging from African, Asian, European, South American, oceanic, and also
divided by type of athletic event such as power, sprint, long distance, etc. It is also divided into top-8
athletes and all others. Medication use increased with age and increased in competition (rather than
outside competition). Females reported more supplement use than males. The use of supplements
and medication did not necessarily aid in competition, as teams and athletes with championships did
not necessarily see a relation between performance and usage.
This source is great for my research because it covers a very wide array of statistical data that I
can come to conclusions with. It shows that performance does not necessarily increase with
supplementation (which is a good thing), and also it shows all the demographics. It shows the difference
between Top-8 athletes (elite) and all others (both elite and not). I can draw some conclusions about
nutrition from this. One thing it points out is concerns of whether or not all the medication and
supplementation is necessary, or if athletes are taking too much.
This is a very credible article. It comes from The American Journal of Sports Medicine, associated
with the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Most authors are medical doctors, and one
has a PhD. All the sources that they reference are credible, coming from different associations for sports
such as FIFA for soccer.