1.

The Mouth
- The process starts with chewing
in the mouth to trigger salivary
glands (breaks down starch into
polysaccharides). Saliva has
enzymes called salivary amylase
which breaks starches further
down.

Carbohydrates - Digestion and Absorption

2. Stomach
Acids destroy salivary amylase
and no digestion takes place in the
stomach.
3. Small Intestine
-Pancreas - Pancreatic amylase is
secreted into the small intestine,
which digests any starch that is
remaining into maltose.
-This maltose breaks down
disaccharides into
monosaccharaides, and all the
monosaccharaides are absorbed
by small intestine and enter
bloodstream.
4. Liver
-The monosaccharaides travel to
the liver in the bloodstream, and
fructose and galactose is
converted into glucose, which
provides energy cells.
-If energy is needed, the glucose is
released into the bloodstream.
-Excess glucose is stored as
glycogen in the liver.
5. Large Intestine
-When carbohydrates are not digested, they go in
the large intestine.
-Bacteria makes the carbohydrates stew when
they are undigested, causing symptoms like gas
-The final fiver is then excreted into feces. The
fiber that is remaining assists in bowel
maintenance.








































Lipids- Digestion and Absorption

1. Mouth
-Salivary glands in the mouth
produce an enzyme, lingual lipase,
which digests triglycerides.
-There is not much digestion
occurring in the mouth
2. Stomach
-Gastric lipase will digest some
triglycerides
-Lipids that arrive in the stomach
is mixed and broken into
droplets
-These droplets float on top of
digestive juices before they are
entered into the small intestine.
3. Gall Bladder
-The gall bladder releases bile into the
small intestine
-Bile breaks down fat into smaller
droplets
-When the droplets are small enough,
pancreatic enzymes will break the
fatty acids away from their glycerol
backbones
4. Small Intestine
-This is where most of the
absorption of fat occurs
-Lipid-digesting enzymes from
the pancreas break triglycerides
into monoglycerides and fatty
acids
-Micelles transport lipid
digestion to the enterocytes of
the small intestine for absorption
Large Intestine
-Lipid digestion does not take place in the
large intestine
















Proteins - Digestion and Absorption

1. Mouth
-Proteins in mouth are crushed by
chewing and moistened by saliva
-Not much digestion happens in
the mouth for proteins
2. Stomach
-The digestion of proteins begin
in the stomach
-Proteins are denatured by
hydrochloric acid
-Pepsin is activated to break
proteins into single amino acids
and smaller polypeptides

3. Small Intestine
-Proteases are secreted to digest
polypeptides into smaller units
-Cells in the wall of the small
intestine complete the breakdown
of all polypeptides into single
amino acids

4. Liver
-Amino acids are transported to
the liver and send to the cells if
needed
-These amino acids may be
converted to glucose/fat to build
protein for energy, or be
released into the bloodstream to
transport to other cells
Large Intestine
-Protein digestion only takes place in the
stomach and small intestine