Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
LUCIAN BLAGA
* <>
Biblioteca Central Universitar
"Lucian Blaga" Secia de !ruut
U/BIA
LU"#$%& LU' C&$("
- $()&" -
%diie ngrijit i stabilire text DOHLI BLAGA l MIKCA !A"IL#"C$
N%t as&'ra e(iiei DOBLI BLAGA
)%st*a
!A"IL"CI+
BCU Clu*-"a!oca
HUMANI+A"
BUCU,-+I ./01
,e(a2t%r 3 )'$C+%& DUMI+,U
C%'erl& 3 DOINA KL."AB4+A -+i5*673 A
I"BN B8/9:;+<1.=89>
?n2e'&t&l 'ri@Aerii 2%in2i(ea 2& n2e'&t&l &n&i Ba%sC 2e se reArsa 'este @eleag&rile rii4
5ila 2alen(ar&l&i (e 'erete in(i2a 'entr& n%iC 'ani2ii 2eteni ai &nei 'atrii aj&ns la
rs2r&2eC Di&a a2est&i n2e'&t (e 'ri@Aar i (e Ba%s 3 .> a'rilie .0EE4 "irenele (e alar@
intra& n *&n2ie 2a@ (in (%& n (%& %reC 2& stri(ene 2e siFsia& s&*let&l i &re2Bile4
L%2&ia@ la @arginea (ins're (&@braA a "ibi&l&iC &n l%2 &@br%sC &n(e (e ani (e Dile ne
si@ea@ %are2&@ la a('%st *a (a @<e neaj&ns&ri i Ai2isit&(ini ale Are@ii4 In a2est %ra se
re*&giase 'atr& ani @ai nainte &niAersitatea (e a Cl&jC 2n( &n ne(re't Aer(i2t a tiat
+ransilAania n <(%&4 ,Db%i&l l&aC a2&@C % n*iare @ai 'al'abil i 'entr& 2ei 2e n&
aA&seser@ 'n at&n2i 'rilej&l (e a<l si@i (in a'r%'iere4 "e@nalele (e alar@ (eAeniser (e
2Ua ti@' ins&'%rtabileC 'rin *re2Aena i insistena l%r4 "trini n2 (e %ri2e ex'erienC 2t
'riAete 'ri@ej(ia b%@bar(a@entel%r aerieneC %ri2n( '%sibileC 2&ta@ s2&t n (&@braAC 2&
%sebire s&bt &n '%( (e 2ale *eratC 'n 2n( ni s<a atras l&area a@inte 2 ase@enea strAeDii
a('%st&ri n& aj&t Ga ni@i2C i 2 (&@braAa 2& *r&nDa ei (eas i 2& stejarii se2&lari era 2a
're(estinat (e a (eAeni inta ata2&ril%r (in AD(&B4 O stareC a'r%a'e nentrer&'tC (e 'ani2C
ntrein&t (e in2%ntr%labile DA%n&riC ne 2&'rinseC -i a2easta @ai Art%s (&' b%@bar(area
2a'italeiC (in
E
a'rilieC Di (e '%@inC n 2are 2eti Db&rt%are @arinaser Gara (e N%r(4
N&@ele &n%r 'rieteni sa& 2&n%s2&iC Ai2ti@e ai2H b%@bar(a@ent&l&iC n2e'ea& s 2ir2&le i s
,
s'%reas2 'ani2a4 Ni se A%rbea (es're 2%l&ri (e str6 b&2&relene 2& 2ase s*r@ate sa&
(es'i2ateC ee<i es2an ilare n2'erileC &n(e se @ai Ae(ea 2te &n 'at sa& 2t &n %bie2t (e
t%alet inti@C 2a<n nite (e2%r&ri (e teatr& s&s'en(ate la niAel&l etajel%r s&'eri%are4
De la UniAersitate Aeni ntr<% DiC 2& t%t&l ne'reAD&t s*at&lC 2& n*iare (e %r(inC s
n2Beie@ 2&rs&rile 3I s ne (is'ers@C (a2 n& (%ri@ s *i@ trans*%r@ai in '&lbere i *&@4
A2easta nse@na s ne @&t@C 2& b&n&ri7 2e '&tea& s *ie salAateC &n(eAa 'rin l&@ea satel%r
risi'ite la '%alele @&nil%rC sa& 2Biar 'rin 'lai&rile (e s&s &n(eC (&' t%at 'r%babilitateaC n&
aAea@ s *i@C A a2eeai @n4s&rC ex'&i eAent&alel%r b%@bar(a@enteC 2 la "ibi&4 H%trrea
(e a 'le2a % l&ar@ @ai re'e(e 2i r4e<a@ *i '&t&t i@agina eteAa Dile @ai nainteC 2n(C "
*a@ilieC a@ (is2&tat la re2e i s&bt t%ate as'e2teleC 'r% ble@a (is'ersrii4 O st&(ent (e<a
@eaC (in C'ltA sat aeDat ntr<% Aale @in&nat 'e r&l "ebe&l&iC n%C @biat s ne re*&gie@
n 2asa 'rinil%r eiC (est&l ( 2&'rinDt%are &nei a('%stiriC 2Biar *r ter@en4 -Ft& (enia
ne *2ea inAitaia 2& &n s&rs (&l2e i s*i%sC 'rr a se s2&Da (e n(rDneala %*ertei 2e ne<%
(es*&raC intJI
A
r 2aln( % sea@ (e arg&@ente n *aA%area 'eisaj&l&iC atari arg&@ente n&
aAea@ ns neA%ie4 C&n%tea@ sat 2are era @ai @< &n 2t&nC n2 (in 2%'ilrieC 22i i 2&se@
(e Are% eteAa %ri 'e a2%l%C 2& 'rinii @eiC 2
3
ne (&2ea@ la Arat 'rin K2ase (e '(&rariLC 'e /a
%br *i&l&i4 Arg&@ent&lC 2e 2(ea 2el @ai gre& n 2&@' 'entr& a l&a % B%trreC era *r
n(%ial a2ela al legt&I 2& 2%'ilria4 D&' atia ani (e rDb%iC (&' attea nea<j&ns&ri
n(&rateC 2are ni se 'rea& n2 n&@ai 'rel&(ii &n&i Ba%sC 2e Aa (a 'este n%iC si@ea@ neA%ia
(e a rn se*&giaC 2& *a@iliaC n& n&@ai a s'ai& &n(eAaC 2i iFia'%iC (e'arteC n ti@'4 Ni se @bia
&n a('%st n Aale 2%'ilriei @ele4 "at&l @e& natalC 'e n&@e C@'&l 5r& @%aeiC era aeDat 'e
a2eeai a'C (%ar @ai j%sC n& t%2@& (e'arte (e reArsarea a2esteia n M&rC n a'r%'iere4M
2etii Blgra(&l&i4
A@ @'a2Betat n lDi i<n sa2i 2eea 2e treb&ia s (&2e@ 2& n%i ntr<&n re*&gi&C (in 2are n&
aAea@ senti@ent&l 2 ne A%@ nt%ar2e n 2&rn(C i @ai <ales n& n a2elea 2%n(iiiC n 2are
triser@ 'n at&n2i4 5r%nt&l (4s rsrit se a'r%'ia 2a &n tAl&g (e *%2C 2e 2&l2a<t%t&l la
'@nt
&n 2a't tAl&gii7 aj&nsese 'n a'r%a'e (e B%tareG3 it i (e @iaDn%a'te ale rii D&'
t%ate se@neFI
2riseleC
nealC i atHea alteleC rs'&nDn(L 2erinel%r n 2%n(iii ne ate'ta (%ar 2asa 2& a2%'eri&l ei i
@%biliar&l stri2t ne2esar4 &C 2& *a@iliaC 'le2a@ n &rr2
2U
% @ain 'arti2&larC 2e ne<%
'&nea la (is'%DiieC 'entr& a2est (i&rnC re2t%r&l UniAersitiiC 2are inea s nlesneas2
'rietenete (is'ersarea &niAersitaril%r4
ra % Di s'len(i(C (e<% senintate @etali2C 2n( a@4 l&at<% 'e %sea&a nai%nal (e la "ibi&
s're "ebe<Alba4 "l2iile n2e'ea& s n@&g&reas2C a2%'erin(&<se 2a (e<&n ab&r Aer(eC
(ia*an4 ,es'ira@ 2& &n si@nint (a &&rareC 4 (intre Di(&rile @e(ieAale ale "ibi&l&iC a@
s2'at n 2 '%rnea@ t%2@ai la %rele 2riti2eC 2n( (e Ia '&tea& s intre n *&n2ie sirenele (e
alar@C @i Ajia& n2 &re2Bile (e stri(enele (e ieriC i tia& senin&l sti2l%s i gla2ial (e
( a4 )e s2<
alC ntNlnea@ t&r@e (e %iC 2& 2i%bani nlr<tn 2%j%a2ele l%r iernati2e i grele4 Mgr&i 2&
LareC '&rtn( (esagi< en%r@i 'e g'rnareC nain<i, (&2rt( 2& ei t&r@ele4 @'rej@&ite (e (&li (e
CH % l&a& s're @&niC Aenin( (in esnri (e'r<(in Banat sa& (e 'e Cirs'ia +ransilAaniei4 ra&
Di<a2elea t%2@ai Dilele l%r (e &r2& s're 'lai&ri4 Ori2&@C ii l%2Ogate n& aAea ni2i % legt&r 2&
@%nrre+**&G s<L 4 aL(i'grOniPg%asOOOigQtnie&ni M2l&ia "
<tr*eaC 2areOjiNs2&t R2r2L>tr%N44444n strintateL Ae(Oa
i F%r"Ra2est *en%@en (e transB&@ant4 KN&C (ragaC
n2er2na s<% l@&res2C KCi%banii i t&r@ele n& sa
2 b%@bar(a@enteC 2&@ i n2Bi'&i I (e @ii (e
n*'t&iete @ere& a2est (r&@C n a2esteC Dile (e
S"Aar4 +%a@na trDi&C 2n( *r&nDele nglbenes2C 2i%<
BJii 2%b%ar iari n AiC la es4 A2esta 2ate Aeni2&l
OOSUtreierC ntre es i 'laiC (&' &n 2alen(ar al l%rC @ai
%s%s (e ntN@'lrile i *a'tele ist%rieiC 2are 'e n%i ne
a.
Ell*e a2&@ (in %raL4 Din 2n( n 2n( era@ neA%ii s
OO#3 KiII4F3Li'4n 'eFr%eaC 2a s (@ rgaD %il%r (e a se
(es2&r2a -ntr. strigtele i *l&iert&rile 2i%banil%r 3 2lax%anele @ainiiC 2are le
(eD%rienta& C) si@etrie I%C @e2ani2eC neate'tate i ne*ireti 'rin atta Aer(e C*lFi
'enes24 n2&nj&rat aaC 'entr& &n @%@entC (e l&@e3 2i%bniei 'e % %sea (e as*altC @
'&rta@ 2& gndttl II b%@bar(ierele 2e '&tea& s<i *a2 a'ariia 'rintre @i2 l&eii 2er&l&i4
ra@ n2er2at (e si@@nt&l a2&t 2 Kist%riaLC ntr&2Bi'at n b%@bar(iere
i@aginareC iA al&nga s're K'reist%rieLC s're % 'reist%rie @<i<@ilenar33 si@b%liDat (e
2i%bnia (in 'reaj@4 Ci%baniiC %ileC @g r&ii i (&lii ne nt@'ina& la *ie2e 'asC s'&nn(&<
n 2 ne gsea@C ntr<a(eArC n& 'e<% %seaC 2i 'e &n (r&@C 2e (&2ea (in ist%rieC na'%i s're
'reist%rie4 Gn(&l nA se 'ier(ea 'rin Are@i (e (e@<C 2are ntr<&n /el nr<str&ia& s&bt
a'arenele 2iAiliDate ale @%@ent&l&i4 MTi gsea@C n rsti@'&l s2&rt al &nei %'ririC 2 a2est
drun s're 'reist%rie 2%in2i(ea 2& % nt%ar2ere *r ter@en in Aalea 2%'ilriei @ele4 Atare
2%in2i(en @i se 'rea K2I4 &n *2&tLF4 -i4 (e'rtn(&<ne (e D%na 2riti2 a %ra&l&i @
linitea@ n2et&l 2& n2et&lC 2a s&bt s2&t&l &n%r strAe2Bi 'reDene @aterne4 Ase@enea
as%2iaii (e i(%C @i a(&ser Ai& n @inte 2Bi'&l 2el&i @ai b&n 'rieten a7 @e&4 al 2el&i @ai
Ae2Bi 'rietenC al l&i Le%nte )tra2&4 2areC (%ar 2teAa l&ni @ai nainte 9 i (eDA%lta 2&
%arei<2ari a22ente liri2e Untr<% reAist (e *il%D%*ieVC 2%n2e'ia sa (es're re'etata retragere a
r%@Nnil%r (in ist%rie 3 'reist%rie4 Mi se 'xFea 2 t&r@aC 2e se risi'eaM 2a (iFi 'ratieC n
'reaj@a @ainiiC Aenea s ntreas2C 2& &J n%stalgi2 beBitC 2%n2e'ia *il%D%*&l&i4 A*lase@C
(%ar 2& 2teAa 2eas&ri @ai nainteC 2 Le%nteC 2are era 'r%*es%r (e *il%D%*ie la UniAersitatea
(in IaiC s<a as2&nsC (in a2eleai 'ri2ini &%r (e l@&rit i Aalabile 'entr& t%at s&*lareaC n
sat&l s& natalC 2are se ni@erea s *ie i sat&l @e& (e %brie4 L&2r&rile Aenir aa 3
UniAersitatea ieean se re*&giase n& t%2@ai (e @< n +ransilAani4L ntre Di(&rile 2etii (e la
Alba<I&lia4 De%are2e ns Alba eraC i eaC % &rbe ex'&s (e 4a2i n2%l% &n%r ne'reAD&te
b%@bar(a@enteC Le%nte aj&nse la n2Beierea 2 n& '%ate gsi ntr<alt 'arte &n a('%st @ai
sig&rC (e2t n sat&l n%str& natal4F Gn( 2%'ilr%sC @i s'&nea@C 22i sai&i n%str& sit&at 'e
2@' (es2Bis n& %*erea ni2i % a'rare Aj&ni n "eb%<AlbaC Ae2Bi b&rg sses2C a(&nat n j&r&l
&nei biseri2i 2l(ite 'rin Aea2&ri (e (e@<4 n stil r%<
0
ii2 -F *%ti2C 2& % 2%al ger@an n *aC (e 2are @N Lra& attea a@intiri (in 2%'ilrieC @
treDii 2& 'riAirea Ib&rat (e<% la2ri@4 Clasele 'ri@are le<a@ &r@at .
3
@)
re&na
2&
IF
e1..
O
e
J
a2
MJ .
W
2%ala a2easta sseas24 In<t%r2n(&<ini '&in 2a'&lC 2a s n& *i& AD&t (e s%ia i (e
*ii2<@eaC @i<a@ ters 2& '%(&l 'al@ei r%(&l s&*let&l&i ales n Ar* (e gean4 Ur@a s<% l&@
'e r& n s&sC
s
're C'lna4 K" ne abate@ '&inLC i s'&n s%iei @eleC 'e r& n j%s 'n n
Ci@'&l 5r&@%asei4 A@ a*latO astDi j
e
(i@inea 2 Le%nte s<ar *i retras a2%l%C " Area s<l
A(4 "
@a
M st@ '&in (e A%rb4 Ce 2i&(at n2r&2iare (e (r&@&ri 7L
l gsir@ 'e Le%nte n C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 "e g%s'%(rea n 2asa 'rinil%r si4 Casa *&sese
nstrinata 2& Are% treiDe2i i 2iAa (e ani @ai nainteC (&' n2etarea (in Aia a ttnel&i s&C
2are *&sese 're%t n sat4 K& nQ ate'taC (ar a(sta lng giii2i&l 'iAnieiC 'ar2 ne<ar *i
ate'tat4 De De2i (e ani n& @ai AD&se@ ni2i 2asa4 ni2i 2&rtea a2eastaC &n(e n 2ea (inti
2%'ilrie Le%nte @i (a ntlnire (e j%a2 <Dilni24 Iat<ne a2&@ 'e a@n(%iC a(n2 2&tre@&rai
(e % ntlnire n ase@enea @'rej&rri4 A2i 'etre2&se@ @'re&n an%ti@'&rile 2%'ilriei4
Le%nl2 era 'entr& @ine % 'arte ntregit%are a a2est&i 'eisaj4 )rinii si l%2&ia& n 'artea (e
s&s a sat&l&iC ai @ei n 'artea (e j%sC t%2@ai lng 2%ala 2%@&nal4 )rin a'r%'ierea 2asei
n%astre era& M%ara i Kb%lb%a2aL4 2(e<3iile (e a' i Aiit%areaC n 2are r2%rea@ 2ani2&lele
Aeril%r4 N<aAea sat&l as2&nDi n 2are n%i s n& *i 'at &nsC ni2i 2&ib (e Arabie n 2are s n& *i
ar&n2at % %2Bire 'entr& a is2%(i n&@r&l %&l%r 'estrie4 Ca@ n a2elai ti@'C e@( Le%nle
'rsea 2& @a@<saC r@as A(&AC lat&lC @&tn(&<se la "ebe<AlbaC se *2ea 2 i 'rinii
ieiC rani n& t%2@aiOsxa4(Oji'aii @ii*CFaXBQ'P%/arIN rit*<%
a a2el&iai %raC s're aP s&grAegHea @ai (Yj a'r%a'e 2reterea i nAt&raC <2e
2&ta&R+ t l*li F ltH iH'dl z #A*+LFe%nlG (i@'re&nC (e'anai li2e&l U*l"ra%AC la *el
Brersitat2aC 'e &r@C la !iaaa4 )entr& *ria n%astr OKeiOOirnOO"'%tFe2liiAgO+$PniiL7
x
Aa ne n&@ea& S+#+2%+2re ne &r@rea&OF(eDA%&NiO<'r+rF2&rger2a anil%r4 ra@
ne(es'rii4 )e Le%nte l 'asj%na *il%D%*ia4 l aAea s<i *a2C n2NR(in
tineree+2+F*ai@ (eLRg+nttttJr &bli2n( % sea@ (e l&2rri n (%@eni&l ari( al +e%riei
0
W m
lL<s< n2er2ri (e @eta*iDi2C *%arte n(rDnee IA2i&ale n '&bli2isti2a Are@ii4 Din 2ale a*ai
ii O(r&it 'entr& in2&rsi&ni n @'ria <i@el%r tai*te Zel (es2%'erea @ere& n%i
*il%ane @eta*iDi2e n a(n2@iii<jnebtt%ri*e n2 ale existenei4 -i tainele 'rin(ea& 2%ntn Kn
i@aginaia sa, 2a<n Are@&ri (e n2e'&tC (n( %@&l F *exteri%riDa gn(irea n A%2ab&le @iti2e4 n
AiDi&nile sal F @etaDi* i2eC Le2&ite )tras2& @bina (e%'%triA Aagi '%eDiei i'r22[:ia<
i\at2@ati2ii4 )aralelC e& iijb&tisen+"NO*r L @a(e '%ei n LLe%nte e& Ae(ea@CFn2 L
a(%les2enC 442%n<tiirOaFLF W&& ', (es're @ine el s'&ne a(esea 2 snt K(e@%n&lL s&C i
2& a2easta el s2Bit %are2&@ % al&Die la ins%n(abila se@ni*i2aieC '%DitiA *4 2reat%areC a
K(e@%nieiLC aa 2&@ a2est 2%n2e't era nTte4 (e &nii *il%D%*i 2%nti@'%rani4 n 'ri@ii ani (&'
I
rDb%i @%n(ialC Le%nte lansaseC n s&btile 2%D]ritaii a2est 2%n2e't al K(e@%ni2iFFC iar
gn(&l (%bn(i % 2ir2&laie i<&n @are rs&net n eseisti2a r%@Nneas24
n 2li'a 2n( i intta@ n %gra(C Le%nte ne < F^ 2& % A(it 'al%are n %brajiC (e e@%ie4
Mi2ri *l2teti e& i rs'&n(ea@ (esig&r 2& a2eeai eitt%i a2eeai 'al%are4 "%ia i *ii2<@ea
2D&rA4 ntr<&n *el ( a(@iraie @&t *a (e a2est %@C (es're a 2r&i 'titet (e gn(ire a&Diser
attea (e la @ine4 "<a nl@'lat i *ii2<@eaC 2n( era @ai @i2C s 2rea( 2 Le%nte @i 4
g*eg&r&l 44*rateLC aa (e @< se A%rbea n 2as (es'i**e i n r'alitate e& n<aAea@ ni2i &n *rate
(e snge4 A@ s& iv- 'atr&C 'e tre'tele (e 'iatrC n 2as4 A2i a@intirile n Aenea& 2Biar (in
@ir%s&l 2& t%t&l a'arte al n2'erile @ir% rare s<a 'stratC a2elaiC (&' De2i (e ani4 InAa(a
'rin t%ii '%rii (e a@intiriC A%rbea@ 2& glas&l stinsC i 3Ci 2&@ e& ns&@i a *i (eAenit % &@br
'rintre &@br4 (e alt (at4 4C! (&2ei la C'lna HL ne ntreab Le%nt 2a s &r@eDe 3 K& @<
a@ nt%rs a2iC &n(e<@i a@ te@ei& rile AieiiC rna 'e 2are ntia %ar a@ 2l2at4 Da2 I& 2r&rile
A%r @erge t%t aa (e nen(&'le2atC 2&@ 'ar @erge (e<&n an n2%a2eC se <Aa lsa 'este n%i
N%a'teaL4
Cit 'riAete a're2iereaF s&@ar a sit&aiei general r ne gsea@ 'e a2eleai '%Diii4 "it&aiaC n
2are a@ *%s a(&i n 2i%2nirea (intre i@'erialis@eleC n ex'ansi&ni alternantC ale l&@iiC n&@ai
s&rDt%are n& era n a2est @%@ent4 -i Le%nteC A%rbin(&<ne (e%'%triA 2el%r trei %as'eiC
2ntr2aC 2Biar i 'e neles&l 2%'iil%rC @%@ent&l 3
,1
+#n '_)
%r
@
O
2
)
%a
t
e
*t @2inat ntre 'ietrele (e @%ar LC ist%riei< Mai aAea@ 'Ni n& (e @< %
Aag n(ej(e ntr tal regr&'are a *%rel%r l&@ii % regr&'are
l
Ce<
%riei< Mai aAea@ 'N g
ntr<\ eAent&al regr&'are a *%rel%r l&@iiC % regr&'are
l
Ce<at O %iF%iit '%ate &n 'rilej (e salAare4
N& ti& (a2 a"<^Di ter@enii sit&aiei ne @ai (a& (re't la Are% *'eranL4 De%2a@(atLC
rs'&nsei e&C Kn<aAe@ (e ales ('2t ntre O%& releL4 -iC n(re'tn(&<@ 2tre *ii2<@eaC 2are
&t @rea 2& n2%r(are i 2& ngrij%rare s2Bi@b&l (e Ae(r<ri4 % ntreba@3 K-i t&C (raga @eaC
neaAn( (e aleaM (%2il intre (%& releC 'e 2are l alegi HL K)e 2el @ai @i2LC *& rs'&ns&l
'r%@'t al @i2&ei 44I%ana i r%stise rs'&ns&l (&' % 2li' (e 2&@'nireC (ar ntr<&n *el *ires2
i 2<&n aer 2a i 2&@ ea ar *i (es2%'erit a2east nele'2i&ne 'r%AerbialC 2eea 2e (es2rei
'entr& % 2li' *r&ntea *il%D%*&l&iC 2are % sr&t 2& (rag%ste 'e 2retet4 -i r&l 2el rnai @i2 ntre
2ele (%&C 2e se 'r%*ila&4 n Daritea n%astrC era 9 reDistena n @&niC 'n la % eAent&al
n%& regr&'are a *%rel`r4
-i (a2 % regr&'are n& se *a2e H N&<@i @ai a(&2 a@inte 2are (intre n%i a s2Biat ntrebareaC e&
sa& *il%s%*&l H -i n&<@i @ai a(&2 a@inte ni2i 2ar% (intre n%i a 4ngi@at rs'&ns&l4 Dar
rs'&ns&l l&a % n*iare s&@br4 a4At&n2i se '%ate nt@'la s se lase nt&neri2&lC 2r&ia
i'%r&l n%str& n& iar @ai '&tea reDistaC (e2t nt%r<4&i(&Rse real@ente n 'reist%rieC 'n 2n(
A%r rsri alte 3%riL4 A2esta *& rs'&ns&l &n&ia (intre n%i4 Un rs'&ns n(it (e a@n(%iC (ar
r%stit n&@ai (e &n&lC n 2li'a 2n( . g@(ea i 2ellalt4 @i a@intes2 ns 2 *il%D%*&lC 2& glas&l
s& @ai a(n2C l@&ri rs'&ns&l 3 Kn 2&rs (e Jr%a'e (%& @ii (e aniC 'entr& n%iC
r%@N@iC^'bgs+%rNRRO *%st 'i 2iteAa %ri sing&ra 'aAD @'%triAa n2er2ril%r e a ni se
i@'&ne ist%ria (in a*araL4 ra a2easta % 2%n<i&DieC as&'ra 2reia *il%D%*&l i '%et&l 2(ea& (e
a2%r( 4. (ial%g&l l%raOWar%O2jra @ai @< &n @%n%l%g al 44ge@e<(l%r
I
FC al &n%r ge@e@ 2are ar
ii @2aO&nii (e la &@r &@r4
La (es'rire *il%D%*&l s'&se 3 KA*lai 2 la C'lna =<a retras (e C2ieAa Dila i % *%arte b&n
'rieten a @ea4 C&tai s<% 2&n%atei4 AnaC s%ia 'r%*es%r&l&i ,areC 2&n%s2&t&l nat&ralist (e
la Iai4 O *'t&r ntr<a(eAr ex2e'<U%nal i *er@e2t%are4 -ti& 2P5laAjaPe nelegt%are i
2 (in De2e %2BiC 2i areC se 'ri2e'e s n2Bi( n%&C 2n( e A%rba (es're @&DeC 2e ar '&tea s<
l ins'ire 'e<&n '%etL4
..
5laAia en &n&l (in 2OIe 2teAa n&@e al% s%iei ra2K &n n&@e (e 2are ni2i eaC ni2i e&C n&
*2ea@ &D4 N&@4i Le%nte % n&@ea aa4 gsin( 'r%babil 2 a2esta era sing&<44 r&l n&@e4 2e
'&nea n relie* (istin2ia (e stil 2lasi2 a &nei a'ariii *e@inine4 )entr& t%ate 2&n%tinele
n%astreC 2a i 'rntr& n%iC s%ia @ea era 3 D%ra4 Celelalte trei n&@e ale ei era& n&@e stinseC
're*erite (%ar n 2erti*i2at&l ( natere4 )re*erina 2e *il%s%*&l % a2%r(a n&@el&i (e 5ia AiaC
tr(a %bin&ina l&i (e nenAins (e a 'lat%niDa Le%nteC 2are a (&s % Aia (e sing&rati2
'rin regi&niiI s&bli@e ale gn(&l&i4 'stra n2 i la Arsta (e E/ (e an 2eAa (in n2linarea
a(%les2ent&l&i (e alt(at (e a i(ea liDa *e@eiaC44i a2east n2linare i<% @ani*esta n(e%seb
*a (e s%iile 'rietenil%r si4 i 'l2ea &ne%ri s<% laeBi neDe 'e 5laAiaC *2n( al&Dii D@bit%are
la K'asi&nile @ele4 C D%ra era nelegt%are 9 era *%arte a(eAraM (ar r ea s<ar *i 'ri2e'&t
s n2Bi( n%& %eBi (in y.ccr 2iti i atrib&ia Le%nteC era 2el '&in exageratC %ri2&@ s<ai 'riAi
l&2r&rile4 C2i D%ra n& s<a lsat ni2i%(at stO'nF4iC (%<% 2nrcnitate att (e is2%(it%areC n2t s<
i *n&U'li2 n aF<a @s&r %2BiiC 2&@ 'retin(ea Le%nte4 InelOgArr<C ei *a (e 2ele 2teAa
K'asi&niLC 2e @<a& 2&'rinsC ' rn( i ni2i%(at 2%n2%@itentC in 2&rs&l anil%rC n& er (el%2
e2BiAalent &n%r gel%DiiC 'e 2are ar *i *%st neA%ii s Hi le nAingC KnelegereaL 2e<% arta D%ra
erFi '&r M si@'l& % nelegere nelea'tC i n& att a K'ari&@Fl% @%leC 2t a 44r%(ni2ieiL l%r4
A@ nt%rs @aina s're "ebe<AlbaC @i2&l %raC 2e<i @ai 'stra &nele (in as'e2tele l&i (e
alt(atC (e 2etatJJ @e(ieAal4 ntre Di(&rile st&i %ra @i<a@ 'etre2&t anii (e 2laWJJ
'ri@areC % 'arte (in a(%les2en i 'ri@a tineree a(i2 Aa2anele anil%r @ei 2%lari4 +re2n(
'rin %raC re@ar2a@ (in g%ana @ainii % ne'%triAire ntre CCM 2e a *%si %(at i 2eea 2e
Ae(ea@4 n @<e l%2&riC 2e I% tia@ g%aleC a& 2res2&t n rsti@' a(eArate 2rng&ri4 ,&GC 2&
@at2a @ai larg (e2t a'aC l<a @&tat 'e al%2&i i 2&rb&l4 N& @ai re2&n%tea@ attea (in
2%tit&rileC 2& 2%<bile i All%ri4 Canal&l @%riiC (ei a2elaiC @i s<a nr&t neAer%si@il (e ng&stC
(ar n2 tiAit 2& t&*e (e s%24 Iat4 n2 % (at4 2%ala sseas2C 2& (eAira ei ns2ris 'e
*r%ntis'i2i& 3 Bildung ist Freiheit UC<&ra e libertateV4 A2i ne t2&ser@C e& i 2& Le%nteC
&2eni2ia ntre 2<&r i libertate4 KMn @ai n2etLC i s'&n %*er&l&iC
.:
i
n]
jj4] 'e (&' Di(&l %ra&l&i s're )etresti4 !rea& "f
A
( 2e @ai este (in 2ele (e alt(atL4 )e
strDi r<isrea& *ig&ri 2&n%s2&teC (ar @btrnite 2& &n s*ert (e lea2C 2a 'este n%a'teC s&bt
'&terea &nei Arji4 I@aginile le2&n%s2&l% (eAenir e@%ii i la2ri@i *r (e A%ie4 Iat stra(aC
&n(e n 2ei (inii ani ai st&(enieiT @ele @ ntlnea@C 'entr& 'li@bri n2%a2e i n2%l%4 n
*ie2are searC 2& *ata 'rea *r&@%as a 'r%t%'%'&l&i4 A @&rit j
n
rsti@' 'r%t%'%'&l4 A @&rit i
*ata4 !Dn( g%artaC 'n la 2are % ns%ea@C @i se a@intes2 (in g%l s&rs&l Aist&i i %2Bii Aii4
A@ ieit (in %raC n2%nj&rn( Di(&l @e(ieAalC 2a s<% l&@ 'e (r&@&l 2e (&2e 'e r& n s&s4
Aj&ngea@ la )e<tretiC sat 2& @are *abri2 (e Brtie4 A2i a@ AD&t n 2%'ilrie 2&@ se 're'ar
Brtia 2a (in s2r%b (e 2ltite4 A2i @i<a@ 2&@'ratC la s*rit&l nti&l&i rDb%i @%n(iaFC BrtiaC
(e 2are aAea@ neA%ie s're a<@ ti'ri nti&l A%l&@ (e Aers&ri4 ra A%rba (es're % Ka*a2ereL4
Hrtie (e ti'ar n& se '&tea %bine 'e<at&n2i (e2t n baDa &n&i C 'er@isL (e la C%nsili&l
DirigentC g&Aern&l 'r%AiD%rC ar(eleanC 2& se(i&l la "ibi&4 "e *2ea& @<e a*a2eri 'e Are@ea
a2eea A C%nrili&Uii DirigentC 2are l&ase 2%n(&2erea treb&ril%r %bteti (in +ransilAaniaC
i@e(iat (&' Marea Unire4 L&n( exe@'l& (e la 2ei a
.
se @b%gea& 'este n%a'te 2&
aj&t%r&l C 'er@isel%rLC @i<a@ *2&t i e& Ka*a2ereaF4 K)er@is&lLF %bin&t (e la se2retariat&l
general al in(&striei l An(&i &n&i librar sax%n (in "ebe<AlbaO 2%ntra &nei s&@e4 2e<@i
ng(&ia s a2Bit ti'rireaM ntB&l@ @e& A%l&@ (e Aers&ri4 Un rest (in s&@ @i 'er@itea i %
'le2are 'entr& 2teAa l&ni n strintateC &n(e treb&ia s<@i n2Bei st&(iile &niAersitare4 ntreg
'eisaj&l 'rin 2are tre2ea@C era @bibat (e a@intiriC (&i%ase &ne%riC *ierbiniC nl2ri@ateC
Dg&(&it%are a2&@C n 2%n(iiile (ra@ati2e ale 2&tiii &n&i a('%st i a &n&i re*&gi& *r
ter@en4
Din es&lC la al 2r&i 2a't s're @iaD<n%a'te lsase@ C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC intra@ a2&@ ntre
(eal&riC t%t 'e ling r& i a'%i 'rintre @&niC 2e 2retea&C 'e &n (r&@
2
F< er'&ia 'e lng a'a
(in 2e n 2e @ai strAeDie i
#r%ai Dg%@%t%as4 De%are2e 2&Ant&l se iAea n glas 'rea n2r2at (e si@ireC a@ B%trt s<l
s&gr&@4 De @< @ai A%rbea@4 )rintre a@intirile treDiteC 2n( (e<%
./
2%tit&r (e (r&@C 2n( (e<% 2as 2& *aa albastr s'lat (e 'l%iC 2n( (e<% *ig&r ele %@ Aag
re2&n%s2&t la Are% 2&r@t&rC ini@a i ga(&l @i se nt%r2ea& iari i iari la Le%nte4 A
tre2&t 2Biar &n s*rt (e Aea2C (e 2n( n aer&l @%ale (intre a2este @eri(iane t%r2ea@ @'re&niI
j&Aenile 'lan&ri (e Aiit%r4 N& nelegea@ (&' atia ani (e e*%rt&ri i elanC (e (e2e'ii i
%steneliC (e &n(e s2%tea@4 'e<at&n2iC n2re(erea ne@s&rat 2& 2are Ge ese&nC -i t%t&iC
at&n2i tia@C (at%rit &nei neb&ne (iAinai&niC 2I era@ a@n(%i @enii &n%r realiDri 'e nalte
i @aj%r<'%rtatiAe s'irit&ale4 -i<i (re't 2 *ie2are s<a @'linii n *el&l s& 'rin n*'t&iri 2e
sea@n ntr&2tAa 2& 2elt anti2i'ate at&n2i n (&B4 O'erele n%astre a& (ete'taF interes&l
ar(ent al intele2t&alitiiC 2el '&in al 2(<Ii @a aAansateC (in ntreaga ar4 G B&lirea
r%@Nneas2 n& @a '&tea *i i@aginat *r (e 2%n2e'iileC 'e 2are n rsti@' Le%nte le<a
(eDA%ltat n (iAerse (%@enii ale *il%D%*iei -i ni2i '%eDia r%@Nneas2 n& @ai 'rea '&tea s *ie
gn(it *r (e '%eDia @ea3 In%Aaiile n%astre n& a& *%sF 'reAD&te (e ni@eni nainteC 2& t%ate
2 ele rsrea& (in F a(n2i@i (e t%t(ea&na ale a2el&iai nea@ (e %a@eni4 )rin ele s'irit&l
r%@Nnes2 nAe(era @&taii ireAersibila L&@ea s'irit&alC 2e s<a 2l(it 'e @eleag&ri renaNnet4
ntre 2ele (%& rDb%aie @%n(ialeC era n b&n 'artU l&@ea n%astrC a 2el%r (%iC sa& 2al '&in %
l&@e la al2 t&irea 2reia 2ei (%i a@ 2%lab%rat (in 'lin4 ra Kl&@ea
.
a2easta % l&@eC n 2are se
r%stea @at&ritatea ist%ri2i F &n&i '%'%r4 -i a2&@C n (&'<a@iaDa a2estei sileC 2e *
/
3T4 ne
ntln%a@C (&' % l&ng (es'rireC 'rin l%2&rl^
.
(% &n(e a@ '%rnit en(Aa n Aiat4 Ne
ntlneCa@ a %brii Din l&@ea Kn%astrL ne re*&gia@ n K'reist%rieLC 'rintiA
r
eterne 'reDene
@aterne4 )entr& 2t ti@' H
A@ (es2ins la C'lna 'e nserate4 +&r@e (e 2a're albeC negreC r%iiC 2%b%ra& 'e '%Arni&Ai
a sat4 )riAe<ii tea @i 2%@&ni2a % linite ar2a(i2C 2e<@i %g%ia t&@&l< t&l l&ntri24 Cr&ele
2e le tri@iseser@ n2 (e ieri (i@inea (e la "ibi&C s%siser la (estinaie @< nainte3I
n%astr4 5a@ilia 're%t&l&i B&neaC n& 'rea n&@er%asC ne ate'ta n %gra( 2& &n i&re (e
b&2&rie4 I%anaC *ite<@ea4 s<a 2%nta@inat (e Aeselia t&t&r%r i @ai ales a bieil%r
,2
(ntel&i B&nea4 -i ast*elC n 2i&(a s&b<Ljjj&i i s&@br& al s&*let&l&i @e&C b&2&ria @%@ent&l&i
s
i<a *2&t l%2C i n @inaC stins t%t&i 2a s&bt s&r(inC iDb&tea@ s res'irC &&ratC 'entr& %
2li'4
"%ia @ea i *ii2a s<a& integrat n&@ai(e2t g%s'%(rieiC n 2are ne stat%rni2ea@C i a@n(%&
'rea& ngnate Ujg<&n n%& r%st4 +&strei n2er2a@ s ne s&s'en(@ n Ai( %ri2e 'r%ie2t (e
Aiit%r i % a'aren (e @'2are se atern& 'e *eele n%astre4 44 iC
D&' 2e a@ stat &n 2easC (%&C la @asa ntinsC 'entr& n%iC n tin(a 'rintel&iC n2<a@ retras n
n2'erileC 2e n
n
, *&seser (estinate n 2asa (e iarn4 D%b%ri (e %b%sealC (e agitaia (iri
<i@ele DileC a@ n2er2at s ne (@ s%@n&l&iC @< n%ile @'rej&rri n& era& (e nat&r s
'rias2 %(iBnei4 Casa (e iarn 2e al2t&ia &na (in ari'ile 2&riiC i 2are ne<a *%st n ntregi@e
'&s la (is'%DiieC se (%Ae(ea in2re(ibil inAa(at (e %are2i4 O a(eArat n%a'te Aal'&rgi2 a
%are2il%r se (es*&ra 'rin '%( (eas&'ra n2'eril%r %2&'ate (e n%i4 Cte<&n i&it s2&rt sa&
2t2<% g%an (e n%r%( @r&nt se a&DeaC (in 2n( n 2n(C i 'rin 2ele (%& %(i ale n%astre4
Asista@ *%arte treji la a2est Aal<Artej (e r%Dt%areC 2aAe (eA%ra& (esig&rC 'rin 2@riC t%ate
'res2&rile '%'ii4 )entr& re(area s&netel%r i Dg%@%tel%r l%r t%ate %n%@at%'eele grai&l&i
r%@Nnes2 s<ar *i (%Ae(it 2& t%t&l ne'&tin2i%ase4 Dar @'rej&rarea 2 s%@n&l n& A%ia s se
n*iineDe @ai aAea i alt bine2&Anlat 'ri2in 3 '&D(eria (e '&re2i4 D&' 2eas&ri i 2eas&ri
(a DAr2%lire n atern&tC @ a(&nai (intr<&n 2%@arC 2a s 'riAes2C treaD (e<a binelea4 sit&aiaC
la re2e4 " ng(&i %are '&re2il%r rgaD&l (e a se st&ra H Dar '%ate 2 '&re2ii *a2 'arte (intre
*iinele n stare s bea *r ntrer&'ere 7 M DAr2%lii (e 'e % 'arte 'e alta 3 %BC 2n( A%r
2%nteni s @ ne'eC 2& s&liile l%rC a2eti @i2i 2aAaleri n negrele l%r ar@&ri @e(ieAale H 7
H%tri t%t&iC n 2ele (in &r@C s<i las n A%ia l%rC 2a s A( 'r'(&lC la 2are @ A%r s&'&ne4
N&@ra@ 2& rb(are l%2&rileC 'e &n(e se s2Bia&C *el&rii gra(ateC ne't&rileC De2eC (%&De2iC
treiDe2i4 A'%i @i Aeni gn(&l salAat%r s sar (intr<% (at (in 'atC 2& t%i '&re2ii a(&nai 'e
tr&'&l<2@'C s&b 'ija@a&a @ea4 M (eDbreaiC 2it ai bate (in 'al@eC i 'ija@a&aC 2& '&D(eria
(e '&re2i n eaC % bgai @%t%t%l ntr<&n gea@antanC 2e se<n2Bi(ea er@eti24 @i l&ai alt 'ija@a
i @ 2&l2ai ia<
r
M-i 2& gn(&i (e a re'etaC grij&li& i siste@ati2C %'eraia
.>
strategic3 'n la 'rin(erea t&t&r%r '&re2il%r4 Dar n& a @ai *%st neA%ie (e ni2i % alt
%*ensiAC 22i a@ a(%r@it b&tean 'n n 2eas (e (i@inea4
M treDii (is<(2<(i@inea4 "%@n&l s2&rtC (ar a(@2 @ re*2&se4 C&'rins (e nerb(area (e a<
@i l&a 2t @ai grabni2 n 'i i@ire 'eisaj&lC n 2are aAea@ s 'atre2e@ ti@' ne(e*initC ieii n
sat4 Ct&n&l era aeDat ntr<% s'len(i( AaleC a'rat (e @agni*i2e 2%a@e (% @&ni C%b%rn(C
la ntN@'lareC (e 'e &lia (e s&sC 'e ulia (t j%sC 'rin2i'alC a 2t&n&l&iC % in&i s're r&C i
an&@e s're % @%ar strAe2Be (e le@n4 ,2%area (i@ineii @I btea &@erii %brajil%r4 "e
lsase % a(iere (e ngBe 'este n%a'te4 )ete (e br&@ se t%'ea& la AD&l s%arel&i4 M%ara i
*2ea sl&jbaC 2& % 'la2i(itate (e AitC (&' 2&@ se '&tea Ae(ea n2 (e la (istanC (&' r%ile
@ariC 2e se nAr<tea& 2& 2ele (%& 2%ate s'rijinite 'e jili'&ri4 A@ %2%lit '&in 'rin DA%i4 Ce
'r%s'ei@e (e a' s&bt sl2iile 2e 'rin(ea& a n@&g&riC i s&bt ariniiC 2e<i 'stra& n2 seAele
s&bt 2ara'a2ea s%lD%as 7 n2%nj&rn( @%ara 'e (in (%sC @ a'r%'iai (e intrarea ei4 t#a era
s2&n(C 2 treb&i s @ a'le2 '&in s're a intra4 La intrare Db%Aea &n gru45 Desagi grei
2& gr& 'entr& @2ini D2ea& alt&ri4 U&rat (e '%AarC @gr&&l r%nia nite 2i&lini r@ai
'iin a'r%'iere n2 (in t%a@na tre2&t4
A@ (at binee @%rar&l&i i *e@eil%rC 2e Aeniser la @%ar4 Cele (%& 'ere2Bi (e 'ietre l&2ra&
(e D%r4 Osiile se nArtea& @ai re'e(e (e2t @i se 'rea (in (e'rtare4 )rintre brnele i
sen(&rile 'eretel&i Drea@ a'a Aer<D&ie<2ristalin a jili'&l&i i l&@ina (e a*ar4 Cl2a@ 'e
/rn/uri (e 'iatr (e @%arC 2e 'rea& nite @sele (e @a@&i4 KIertaiC a@ intrat n&@ai aaC
2a s A( e&rn se @a2in gr&l la satLC ex'li2ai 2el%r (e *aC 2are @ 'ri@ir D@bit%riC
@&l&@in(&<rniC *ireteC 'entr& &rrile (e s'%r i sntate4 5ina 2&rgeaC 'e @i2i s2%2&riC (e
s&bt 'ietrele r%t&n(e 2e se<nArtea& Dg%@%t%sC glas&l %a@enil%r se a&Dea (%ar aneA%ie i ne
gBi2ea@ A%rba @ai @< (&' se@ne i @i@i24 5ina 2&rgea i se a(&na gr@a( n (te<%
la( (e sen(&riC 2e ngna& 'ar2 *%r@a &n%r si2rie4 A@ ntins @na s 'rin( i s tai n (%&
i'%t&l (e *in4 N& @ai n2er2ase@ tare (e @< ase@enea j%2 i l&2rare4 5ina era 2al(C &%r
*ierbinteC 2a &n tr&' Ai&C i @ir%sea 'l2&t i arBai24 M%rar&l 'rea n2r&nit (e '&lberea (e
*in 2e i se aeDase 'e 'r i n s'rn2ene4
.Y
=* 'ier(&i 2& t%t&l n senDaiaC 2e 'rin(ea *iin n 'al@4 CineAa r%sti n @ineC 'e
neate'tateC 2&Aintele 3 ON%e a
CineAa
%xax7U
bVe ani (e Dile era@ 're%2&'atC 2& ntrer&'eri (e ali
n
i (e 'lan&l &nei 'iese (e teatr&C 2e n&
A%ia n ni2i &n *
e
l s se njgBebeDe4 "&bie2t&l @i<l %*erea % Ae2Be legen( '%'&larC 2are
treb&ia s *ie b%gat a@'li*i2at s're a '&tea *%r@a 2anaAa&a &nei 'iese4 Legen(aC 2a &n
arb%reC treb&ia s<i @ai al2t&ias2 % 2%r%an @are i <(easC 2are s @ir%ase a *r&nD Aer(e4
Legen(O'%'&la5C s&@arC (es2rnatC A%rbea (es're bibli2&l6N%e#V%el 2Be@at s<i
2l(eas2 % ar2 n Ae(erea '%t%'i!crir%'re (e%sebire (e 2ele 2&'rinse n s2ri't&rC legen(a
@'letete Aiaa i inteniile l&i N%e 2& % a2i&ne '&s la 2ale (in 'artea DiaA%l&l&iC 2& gBi( (e
a D(rni2i *a'ta salAat%are4 DiaA%l&l iDb&tete la &n @%@ent (at s (r@e i s risi'eas2
ar2aC 'e 2are % 2l(ete N%e4 Bi*&inaC 'n la &r@C este t%t&i a l&i N%eC 2are 2& % Kt%a2L
@ira2&l%as re&ete s<i re2l(eas2 ar2a @nt&it%are4 Legen(a se 'reta (in 2ale a*ar la
al2t&irea &n&i *el (e K@isterL teatral4 )re%2&'area (e a s2rie % 'ies (e teatr& n j&r&l a2est&i
s&bie2tC a(es 'rsit i iari rel&atC n& iDb&tiseC 'n at&n2iC s ia % n2Begare 2%n2ret n
i@aginaia @ea4 Dar n 2li'a 2n( n2er2ai n @%ar 2&rgerea *ainei s&b @in&s2&l&l s2%2C
2ineAa r%sti n @ine 2&Aintele 3 KN%e a *%st @%rarL4 A@ ieit (in @%arC l&n(<% iari 'e<%
2rare 'rin DA%iC &n(e '&tea@ rt2i n A%ie i nel&at n<sea@4 44DaC @%rarC a2i n @%ara
a2eastaLC @i Disei4 "&bie2t&l n2e'ea (intr<% (at s 'rin( *iinC s 2reas24 5ab&laia se
strni 2%@&nien(&<@i % stare (e *eri2it beieC &n *el (e eliberare (e s&b 'resi&nea
2%ntingenel%r ge%gra*i2e i ist%ri2e4 Ns2%2ea@ e'is%a(eC a(n2ea@ se@ni*i2aiile4
A@n&ntele se iAea& (in ne2&n%s2&t4 Legen(a se trans*%r@a ntr<&n @itC 2e se l%2aliDaC &ne%ri
2& trst&ri (e 2r&( realis@C a2iC n a2est 2t&n4 )resi@ea@ 2 s&bie2t&l @e&C 2%s@i2 ntr<&n
*elC aAea s abs%arb n sine t%at at@%s*era a2estei aeDri %@enetiC 2are era a2eea a &n&i sat
r%@Nnes2 2& Aiaa @ai Ae2Be (e2t ist%ria %@eneas2 i n attea 'riAine @ai 'res&s (e %ri2e
Kist%rieL4 Un gn( a(&s (e<% si@'l intrare ntr<% @%ar (e le@nC strAe2BeC (e senDaia 2al(
a *inii 2&rgt%areC (e Dg%@%t&l 'ietrel%r r%tit%areC (e @&2Bi&l &@e(C ab&n(entC 2res2&t 'e
%siile r%il%r (e @%arC (e i@aginea &n&i @gr&C aAea
.8
s j"rilej&ia"*2 're2i'itarea ra'i( a &n%r ele@enteC 2 @ai nainte ti@' (e ani n<n& A%it
ni2i2&@ s se ?BCB s're a (a &n t%tC &n Aag l%t (eb%r(ant i a'%i &n t%t i se arti2&la i se
%rganiDa4 Btea 'rin @ine n& ti& 2e ^ i @ n2lDea 2ertit&(inea 2 retragerea la C!ina Aa
a 2el '&in 'entr& 2tAa Are@e &n r%st4 6oi inc/t!e B 3<
I
'iesa (e n(at 2e @ A%i *i
a2li@atiDat la noile !i!i7> j&rri4^AD&rTe n @ine s@na &nei l&@iF6i 2& "@tnt n @ineZJ
l&a@ iari (in DA%i s're sat4
)e &lia (e j%s @ ntlnii 2& 'rintele B&n2aC 2e<<l4 2e<@i Aenea t%2@ai (&' '%*ta ini@iiC 22i
trebuia s '&ne@ la 2ale %rganiDarea Aieii n%astre g%s'%(reti !entru ti@'&l 2t a@
r@nea 'rin 'rile l%2&l&i4
Ca &n 'ara(%x al sit&aiei @i a'rea @'rej&rarea 2 (ei @'rej@&ii (e '(&ri (e *agC (e
@estea2n i bra(4 'r%2&rarea 2%@b&stibil&l&iC a le@n&l&i (e n2lDitC se arta a *i 'r%ble@a
2ea @ai grea i 2ea @ai 2%@'li2at4 ngr@(iri &riae (e b&teni n2Bi(ea& (in l%2 n l%2
libera 2(ere a a'el%r 'rin alAia slbati2&l&i r&4 Dar b&rCten4
I
4 era& b&n&l &nei @ari
ntre'rin(eri (e 2Berestea (e / "ebe<AlbaC i ni@eni n& '&tea s<i 2&leag (&' (txrinl 2a s
i<i 2are n %gra( 'entr& neA%ile Aetrei4 Ar *i 2ir
.
(e &r@ele *&rtiag&l&i 'aDni2ii btrn&l&i
L%ga i ac/astn 'nN ntr<&n 2eas sa& (%&4
9 K!a treb&i s A%rbi@ 2& bat%n&lLC Dise 'rinte7H
9 KMai triete btrn&l L%ga HL ntreb @irat I Kl<a@ 2&n%s2&t 2n(AaC 2n( tre2ea@ 'e<ai2iC
n 2%'ilrieC 'r aeDrile (e Aar (e la Bistra i )rig%anaL4
C&taiC aaC (in si@'l 2&ri%DitateC s 2a't Aeti des!re 2ariera a2est&i %@C 2are 2& Are%
'atr&De2i (e ani *iai nainte a 'rins s<i n*iri'e te@ei&rile b&nei stri4 L%gIF era &n %@ (e<%
2lasi2 si@'li2itate rneas24 N& aAe J (e2t 'atr& 2lase 'ri@are4 -tiina sa (e 2arte se
re(&2ea r<n& la s2riereC 2i la (esenarea grij&lie a sl%Ael%rC 2e<i s2% tea& br%b%ane 'e *r&nte4
Dar el 'stra i % 2&Aiin i &n b&n si@ n 2%nse2in4 Ni2i % 2%n(iie &@an n& l<I s2%s
Are%(at (in ti'ar&l strb&n al ran&l&i n%str&4 l n&<i 'rsea '%rt&l stes2 ni2i%(atC ni2i
2n(C aj&ns ' '%(i&rile b%gieiC i ng(&ia l&x&l (e a se (&2e lIi 8arlsbad3 2a s bea a' (e
lea2 (in @r&ntaiele '@n t&l&iC alt&ri (e regele 2Bibrit&ril%r (in "tatele Unite4 L%gM
(eAeniseC (at%rit %stenelil%r sale ns%ite (e<% rara
.;
sinC &n *A4. (e (i2tat%r e2%n%@i2 n t%ata Z O i "e<ii4 -i 2ln( te gn(eti 2t (e @%(est a
n2e'&t 7 n2e'&se 2a si@'l& DUerC 2are &rnea b&tenii 2& Ka'inaL4 '&sese 2n(Aa Diler 'rintre
s&te (e ali Dil2riC 2ari se tr&(ea& s '&n n @i2are b&tenii 2e se @'%t@%lea& 'rintre
stn2ile 2& 2%l&riC ijrite (in Alt%rile r&l&i4 De la @&n2a br&tC el tre2& (egrab la sit&aii (e
%rgani<< at%r4 l angajaC 'e s%2%teala i (&' 2BibD&in saC la n2e'&t Are% 2liAaC a'%i n
n&@r t%t @ai @areC l&2rt%rii (e 2are 2ea @ai i@'%rtant ntre'rin(ere (e 2Berestea (in in&t
a
Aea neA%ie 'entr& 'l&tirea le@n&l&i (2<a l&ng&l 2el%r /1 c@ ai r&l&i4 A*a2erea se (%Ae(i
(e%sebit (e rentabil< -i t%ate astea n2 s&bt Ae2Bi&l regi@ &ngar%<a&s<tria24 "&bt regi@
r%@Nnes2C a'%iC 2are (es2Bi(ea &n&i
%
@ ast*el (%tat '%rile t&t&r%r '%sibilitil%rC el tre2& la
ntre'rin(eri (e t%t s%i&l i (e @ari 'r%'%rii4 A2&@C n t%i&l 2el&i (e al (%ilea rDb%i @%n(ialC
el era @are 'r%'tieta6 #2 *abri2iC @are @%ier i (einea a'r%a'e t%ate a2i&nile Bn2ii
"ebeanaC 2are 2%nstit&ia 2Beia Aieii e2%n%@i2e (in t%tA in&t&l4 -i n&<i tre2& %@&l&i 'rin
@inte ni2i % 2li' s<i 'rseas2 Aatra l&i (e btrn g%s'%(ar (in LC'lnaC s're a se aeDa
ntr<alt 'arteC @ai 2%@%(C n @ijl%2&l reelei sale (e a*a2eri4 ra legat 2
/
O @&nte4 Aa a
2res2&t4 Aa a r@as4 Din 'rini 2i%<7 C el 2Nata s r@n i K2i%banL ntr<&n *elC 22i a i teC
&n(eAa (in2%l% (e <i@&l '%(iC 'e la +artH i&C i t&i@e (e %i i stniC n 2are ba2ii
*r@nta& 2ea n&&
ras br@D (e b&r(&* (in t%at ara4
< KDaFF iat 2 Aine 2Biar el (in B&(iLC @i atrase
Oa a@inte 'rintele B&neaC 2ar2<@i (es*&rare 2& i @Nn& nt&l t%ate 2ele (e @ai nainte 2&
'riAire la KsLa'n&lL in&t&l&i4
Ne<a@ ntlnit4 A@ stat (e A%rb4 Ne gsir@ ntr<&n 2Bi' i 2& a'r%xi@aii (e bas@C r&(e @ai
(e'rtateC aAn( 'r%babil &n str@% 2%@&n 'rin n& se tie 2are se2%l iFrnas n &r@4 Btrn&l
i<a r%stitC 2& nt%rst&ri (e grai l%2alC @&l&@irea 2 a@ (es2ins n 2t&n&l a2esta att (e bine
a('%stit ntre @&niC i<@i @ai (ete tire 2 n 2asa sa i<a gsit re*&gi&l t%2@ai Dilele a2esteaC
Aenin( (e la Blgra(C D%a@na Ana ,areC s%ia KAestit&l&iL nat&ralist (e la Iai4 "%&l
KD%a@nei AnaLC @ l@&ri btrn&l ntr<&n t%n 2a i 2&@ i<ar *i (at sea@a 2 s'&ne 2eAa (e
'ris%sC K*a2e naAeta ntre C'ina i Alba<I&liaLC
.0
tin(e 're2&@ se tie s<a aeDat n2 (in ti@'&l *erniiC 2a<n Are@i (e bejenieC UniAersitatea (e
la Iai4 Btrn&l L%gaC A%rbin( (es're 2etatea (e ling M&rC alterna (en&@irileC s'&nn(&<i
2n( Blgrad3 2n( Alba<I&lia4 l arta 2& a2easta 2 tria 'e (%& 'lan&ri (e Aia %bteas2 3
'e &n&l i nes2<l%2alC i 'e alt&l (e nat&r intele2t&alC e2%n%@i2C '%liti2C Aast 2t ara4
)rintele B&nea ar&n2 % ntrebare n legt&r 2 i le@n&l (e n2lDit (e 2are aAea@ neA%ie4
,eD<at&l 'ra2< F ti2 al ntlnirii a *%st 2 L%ga ne<a n2&Aiinat s Kt%2@i@ &n %@ s a(&ne
(in r& r@ie (e b&teniC 2e n& @ai '&tea& *i trans*%r@ai n 2BeresteaC a(i2 n%(&riC tr&n<
2Bi&ri '&tre(eC a2Bii i n(ri4 D&' 2e btrn&l str&i s tre2 ntr<&na (in Dile i 'e la 2asa
saC ne (es'rir@4 L%ga % l&a 'e &li n s&s4 C& 'rintele % in&r@C (e (rag&l 'riA2liteiC 'e
&li n j%s4 Dr&@&l aAea s ne (&2 i 'e ling 2asa l&i L%ga4 Lng 2as se ntin(ea % @are
gr(in a'r%a'e 'tratC @'rej@&it n& (e gar(C 2i (e Di(4 O 'arte (in gr(in era 'lantat 2&
Ai (e Aie4 ti9i-2ln(&<te '&in n Ar*&l 'i2i%arel%r '&teai s AeDi 'este Di(4 Cre(ea@ 2 A%i
Ae(ea a2%l% 'e (%a@na Ana ,areC (e a 2rei a'ariie (eAenise@ *%arte 2&ri%s4 Dar n gr(in
Ae(ea@ n&@ai b&t&2i (e AiC n2 nen@&g&riiC s%i&ri alese (esig&r 2& 'ri2e'ere i '%triAite
s%l&l&i7 A'r%a'& (e 2as era i &n 2Bi%24
n rsti@' se nn%rase '&inC 2 2er&l 'rea &%r s'%it4 A&Dir@ at&n2iC (intr<% (ire2ie 2e n&
se '&te 4 l%2aliDa (e2t AagC &n Dg%@%t 2i&(atC &n Dbrnit 2a (e b%n(ari &riaiC stins (e @ari
(e'rtri4 db@it&lC dens i @%n%t%nC se ntei 'e &r@C ng(&in( a&D&l&i s s% ntoarc
ntr< % 2&tareC 2e @ trans*%r@a n gir&et4 ra &n %@%t !slos la n2e'&tC (e abia
'er2e'tibilC a'%i l@&rit i @etali2C s'e2i*i2 b%@bar(ierel%r angl%<arneri2ane4 B r&ii&@ 'rin
s'%iala (e n%ri (ire2ia Db%r&l&iC 2& t%ate 2 n& Drea@ ni@i24 D&' a@'l%area a2&sti2
treb&ie s *i *%st &n st%l (e De2i (e b%@bar(iere4 Care le era inta H D&' t%ate a're2ierile 3
"ibi&l4
Cn( ne<a@ nt%rs n satC ni se '&tea 2iti (in 'al%area /eelor s'ai@aC 2e<% n2er2aser@4 -i n&
aAea@ ni2i % n(%ial 3 "ibi&lC n 2li'a a2eeaC n& @ai '&tea s *ie (e2t &n @%r@an (e r&ineC
ntin(ere (e @%l%DC n%r (e '&lbere4 nt%ri n %gra(a 'rintel&i B&neaC (is2&ta@ 2& s%ia @e&C
i 2& *ii2aC (es're 2ele nt@'late4 Ne Ae(ea@ 2asa
:1
lng (&@braA (istr&s 'n la te@eliiC bibli%te2a <(e%sebi @i<% i@agina@ risi'itC i 'ar2
aAea@ Ae(enia O *l2ri &@bln( 2a er'ii 'rintre 2ri4 5ii2<@2a
l i ti (
O%r *l ' '
U
a aer&l (e a<@i @&l&@i 2 a@ str&it @'%triAa (%rinei r%stite (e eaC s 'le2@ t%t&i (in
"ibi& i 2 a@
.
le2at 2Biar n <i@&l @%@ent4 n (&'<a@iaDa a2eleiai a*la@ ns 'rin ra(i%
2 n& "ibi&lC 2i Bra%A&l /u bd C i i i ti l
:ile a*la '
sese gr
aA
b%@bar(at4 CteAa Die @ai a'%i se ntri DA%n&l 2 @ii (e %a@eni a& *%st &2ii 'e
s&bt +rn'ajn 2&rs&l a'rig&l&i b%@bar(a@ent4 4!i2ti@ele s<a& ales (intre a2ei neti&t%ri (e
'ri@ej(ieC 2areC 2a i n%i la "ibi&C 2&taser a('%st 'rin '(&rile (e la @arginea %ra&l&i4
!etile (es're a2est (eDastr& @ *2&r s4n& @ai ies il "t Bi t t
'rin (
sat Are% 2teAa Dile4 "t@ n2Bis n 2as ntr<% stare
'rin
(e 2%@'let ln2eDealN4 De Bra%A @ lega& @<e a(&2eri a@inteC (in a(%les2enC i (e @ai
trDi&4 A *i (%rit s gBi2es2 'rin (e'rtriC 2e an&@e 'ri ale %ra&l&i *&seser @2inate4 M
ntrea@ sing&r 2 'este 2teAa Dile A%@ 'ri@i Aeti (e ia 'rieteni (in a2east &rbeC n 2are 2a
li2ean @i<a@ 2r%it 2ele @ai @n(re Ais&ri de viitor5 De a2elai %ra @e(ieAal 2& a sa Biseri2
NeagrC 2& ale sale t&rn&ri (e a'rare n r&inC @ lega& ns n& n&@ai Ae2Bi a@intiri (e 2al(
i 2Bin&it%are '&bertateC 2i i triri n& @ai '&in 2al(e i 2Bin&it%are 2& t%t&l re2entC @i
n*rnara a(&2erile a@inteC 22i n& A%ia@ s aj&3 44PS4 (intr<% (at n ini@a l%r4 Aita@ e<%
strngere a !leoa!ei a@intirile *ierbiniC le (a@ n&@ai %2%l 'e (e'arte4
Cea (in &r@ a @ea AiDit la Bra%A aA&sese l%2 2teAa s't@ni @ai nainte4 )rieteni @
inAitaser s in % 2%n*erin4 Ase@enea inAitaii le 'ri@ea@ (e %bi2ei 2& re*&D&riC (a2 n&
&rs&DeC 2el '&in B%trte4 Dar 'rietenii !' la Bra%A 2&n%tea& n(ea'r%a'e % slbi2i&ne (e
@at&ritate a Aieii @ele4 i tia& 'rea bine 2 (e la % Are@M<2&ta@ 2ele @ai (iAerse 'retexte
i 'rilej&ri (e a !leca la Bra%AC (e %ri&n(e @<a *i a*lat4 De ast (ai !rile*ul @i<l %*eririi
2Biar eiC s&bt *%r@a a2easta a &nei invitaii (e a ine % 2%n*erin4 )ri2ina 'entr& 2are 2&ta@
'retexte (e a @ (e'lasa %ri2n( i (e %ri&n(e la Bra%AC n& este 'rea aneA%ie (e gBi2itC i %
A%i arta4
" s'&n ns @ai nti Are% 2teAa 2&Ainte (es're K2%n*ereniar&lLC 2e se treDi n @ine n <i@ii
aniC n %r@tl ere @ai (e@< era 2&'rins (e s*ieli a'r%a'e b%lnAi2i%ase (e a A%rbi n '&bli24
De 2n( @<a@ nt%rs n ara3
oi
&+t
(&' l&nga absen (e .> aniC re&iiC n '%*i(a Are S @eleC s<nii *a2 % %arei2are *ai@ (e
K2%n*erenia7 -i s<a nt@'lat 2 'ret&tin(eniC &n(e a22e'ta@ s i i Are% 2%n*erinC slile s
se (%Ae(eas2 'rea '&n n2't%are 'entr& (%rit%rii (e a @ as2<a4 )&bli2&l *a2C 7 2%a( la
a2este rare 2%n*erineC i %a@eniiC n li's 2I4 l%2&riC se arta& (is'&i s as2<e i (in
2%ri(%are sa& 2l= 'e tre'te4 C%n*erinele @ele era& n(e%bte Bi2rtj al2t&iteC s're a *i 2itita4
!%l&bilitatea n& era % Calitate a @ea4 I@'r%AiDaia n&<@i sta la n(e@n4 N& aAeani Airt&i (e
44%rat%rL n ni2i &n *el4 "'re ini@a as2<ateC i<l%r @i tia@ 'rtieC t%t&i4 M i@'&nea@
ateniei 'rin s&bstanI 'rin 2&Ant&l 2iDelat 2& grijC 'rintr<% n2ei<
3 i @%n%t%nie a (i2i&niiC 'rin i(ee 2&@'nitC se @bie 2&ri%il%r 2a reD<at al &n&i
n(el&ngai si A]n@ s*iala (e %ri2e *raD ret%ri2C (e gest&l a2t%ri4ee<4<C (e ane2(%t sa&
gl&@4 Ur@rise@ 2n(Aa 2& &n s&4RC ng(&it%r i ntr<&n 2Bi' 'iD@aC 'e i@&l (in 2%r4L @ei
s2riit%riC 2are ex2ela t%2@ai 'rin ase@enea 2al (e a(eArat K2%n*ereniarL4 l AD&i ntr<%
@'rej 'e a2est 2%n*rateC *%arte si@'ati2C a'rn( 'e s2en t salt largC (e (&' 2&lisC i 2& &n
strigt (e a'%str%*a J 2a<nlr<% 'ies b&leAar(ierC 2%2a 2e te *2ea s te ate'F4i n a2eeai (i'
i la % (et&nt&r (e reA%lAer4 Un%r
F4ini s'e2ta2&l%i n& '&tea@ s le *a2 Are% 2% S
gen&l @i re'&gnaC 2&ta@C 'e 2%nt 'r%'rr47C s %jbin&ies2 '&bli2&l 2& 2%n*erine (e<&n *el
(ia@etA i %'&s4 A2este l&2r&ri i altele ase@enea @i tre2ea& 'rJ i @inte n a2ele Dile
@%B%rteC 2n( Aetile (es're b%@bar(area Bra%A&l&i l&a& % n*iare t%t @ai 're2is4 Dai
a@intirileC %2%liteC se alegea& 2a4 j&ngBi&ri n ini@4 le *2ea& %are2&@ 2%r' 2& Aiaa4 -i
n2er2rile (e a le in <g&bt 'rag&l 2%ntiineiC nse@na& (%ar % iDbn( (e<% 2li'C (%&4
La Bra%A l%2&iaC n& (e'arte (e LiAa(a )%teiC % 'rietenC 2reiaC 2a &nei tinere AestaleC 2e
ntreinea *%2&l '%eDieiC i n2Binase@C n <i@ii aniC attea (in Aers&ri743 @eleC !r jjL4 AerAa i
ar(erea ee*n trans*%r@aser 'enti a 2teAa an%ti@'&ri n 2nte24 -i era a2est 2nte2 &nF enteI3
n%&C 2Biar *a (e 2nte2&l @e& (e 'n at&n2i4 -tia@ 2 *iinaC 'e 2are % n&@ea@ 'rietena
'%eDieiC era ins'irat%area att%i< 2ntrei i @ai tineriC i @ai Arstni2i4 D% alt*el n a&rniirea
@ea i@aginea %i e i @%I e& ns%it (%
::
< a &n&i ni de 2ntrei4 C&ri%s e 2 a2est alai 2<i2
a2C
<'!Uef&l&iC iT @ijl%2&l 2r&ia
'rietena se 2%@'ia2eaC <t LlatiAC nA ni%4 (rL anjaC n& @ t&lb&raC n& @ stingBe<__ "L%
ntFnn'lareC banal n *el&l eiC re&iC t%t&iC s @ O*b&reC s @ stingBereas2C i 2Biar 'r%*&n(4
ntN@'la<a 2eF aA& (ar&l 2<@i (eteri%reDe i@ainea 2e<@i
X
l2t&i*^2@ (es're b&rg&l
@e(ieAalC 2& @e(i&l i 2& t%at Z@%s*era saC (e etre @ lega& i2Feale a@intiri a(%les2entine
aA& l%2 n& (e @<C a(ir t%2@ai n Dilele 2n( in&se@ 2%n*erina n a2ea &rbe a i&biril%r
.l<ele!e lAH%an4 -tia@ 2 'rini e atiaC 2are n2Bina& Aers&ri !eWtaleiC si *2&seC 'rin
%ste4ielile sale liri2eC l%2 (e *i&ntasC *i &n 2%l%nel4 nte2in(&<n2C ntr<% (&'<a@iaD trDieC
(inir<% 'li@bare 'e s&bt +@'aC @&ntele 2e @'r&@&t &n %er jj
e
ist%ri2 n%blee 2etii
sax%neC 'rietena '%eDiei ni^ s'&ne s tre2e@ &n @%@ent 'e la (%@n&l 2%l%nelC eIJr% tFesiF&r
ne ate'taC (e%are2e 2a se grbiseC *r a @ ntrebaC s<i *a2 %are<Ii2ari Gir%@isi&ni n
a2est senL4 C&A it&l 44%areFCariFF n& e t%2@ai '%triAitC 22i 'rietena '%eDieii2&se 'r%@isi&ni
K're2iseL4 C& % s*ial s&t@4F ,#i$, (e ne(&@erii iC cai intrat ntr<% 2as 2a @&li all2ZZ
)rietena '%eDiei s&n4 C%l%nel&l (es2Bise4 A@ @trat itr<% 2iL FC 2are ere ntr<% (eAl@ie
(e *&n2FiiC n a2el3 i tO iO%nC bir%& si (%r@it%r4 A@ l&at l%2 ntr<&n *%t%li&C i 4' 2e 'ilei
%&a '%eDiei se l&ngi 'e 2ana'ea&a larOC c %-& @asiAeC '&C%222C n 2ere se 2&*&n(a 2&
'%etL 4 A* 4 Mai nainte (e a se l&ngiC i (ete nsC *a2
a 2aC 2t&si (% '&inC 'ant%*ii (in 'i2i%areC F2a '
i4@ai n 2i2ra'i4 Gest&l eraC a2eesti % re2&n2<s (e%iF<!ii (O grai%s i *r n(%ial *%arte *ire
2
24
e exe2&tat 2& % s&r'rinDt%are re'eDi2i&ne i $'u (i e, n 2ae n& @ai era ni2i % &r@a de
eDit%j 4LJ *&j (e stinge2ie4 Gest&l era *2&t 2Biar 2& 'cler&l4 A<#i% *r aj&t%r&l bra&l&i i aglG
n&ir4ii4 Ur@rise@C 2& a!T 2&AinteC &n ansa@bl& (e re*lexe 2%n(ii%nate (e<&n l%2 're2isC 2a
'e @s&r n2er2al4 Gest&l n& *&sele i@'r% i<rat 'entr& a2east %2aDieC 2i tr(a % n(el&ngat
ex'ercnti Fi se re'eta 2ine tie a 2la %ar 7 n 2li'a a2eeaC (e li@'eDi d *r A%ieC s<a& stins n
%2Bii @ei 2aratele (e Araj al% a2eleiaC 'e 2are % n&@ise@ 'rietena '%eDieiC i a'ariia ei
(eAeni n2eea a &nei BetaireC 2ar2<i (%Da 2alitile s'iiit&ale 2& Airt&i *riA%leC (&' 2elebre
@%(ele ale OntirF<UhM4 AF&i'<lL7 gest&l&i a@intirea @ai str&ia i n
:/
rran i asti
Dar *3 % abi
cli!ei 2n( s%sea& Aetile (es're !r!dul (e la B
.
F 34Bi&lC CL<l si@ea@ Ai%i2<nt subt sttu
sting5 Se ii 3;Se3 n aAalana Aetil%rC 2a un '&n2t ele t<=< dureros3 (&' % (&l2eC s2&rtC
a@ar !oveste5 -i t^ %(at 2& a2est j&ngBi .> a!rindea in ine =lre!ar sc!at %are
'Frietena !oe?iei (in !r!dul bra4ovean @
n& i3 a A y
dileFe &r@F%are n& ne<a& @ai a(&s ni2i % 4s& i Intra@C n2et&l 2& n2et&lC n rit@&l larg i
*ires2 a7 &4a&i sat (e @&nte4 "%arel* rsrea (e (&' % i 2%a@C aj&ngea in Denit&l r&g&l&i
sa&C i as*inea ( iI t 2%a@4 L&na 2reteaC @&tn(&<i l%2&l a'ariiei n M4S 4C<arC (&' legea
ei4 CeAa (in 2a(enaC 2a n& ' S 4T SiiFj stri2at 'rin ni@i2C a s&2rel%r nt@'tri 2 4in
@ira i n @r&ntele nt@'lri ale Dilei i ale n%'ii S alternana (e treDie i (e s%@n
&nani@ a sat&l&iC $ %bin&inele %@&l&i i n 2ele ale 'strA&l&i (in IJ' "Ingele *e@eil%r
era a2i (esig&r (e'lin a(a'tat la @i2aI @aril%r atri4
)ariatele B&neaC is2%(it (e @ine n(i O'O%a'eC 3#U a&Ua Z F ZseiF a@n&nte 'it%reti4
ex2e'cnAi! 'e c4e *it & n legt&r 2& sat&l4 C&n%tea@ jrF*%l %O&i& 4 t*C ieii (in ti'ar&l
%btes2C 2a nite abilai 2 ritAin4 -i 'ers%najele ntregite i r%t&njite (&% Li (e ale 2reaiei
'%eti2eC intra& 2a (M la sine i iCBl'&it 'e @%tiA&l legen(ar al l&i N<JC LegeneF 2& l&'ta
ti%as (intre bine i ia&C era (%sigF& 2 J %biit b%g&ir4Ui2a Mi s<a (at s 2&n%s2 ntr<&na 2lin
84.eC le2@4 n 2li'a B%tai t%are a njgBebrii (ra@ei i rn Fi4n<L ) i2iC 2& 'i &i r%2%AanC
2a@ nirH (%& A&IteC aAn( &FrA = % AiaC e2BiA%2C ns%it (e t%ate bn&ielileC i 2
FCFnaia sat&l&i le '&tea ns2%2i 'e sea@a v)u
.*+A,. Atesta era 2a 'ie(estinat sa (eAin @%(O ii i&teC 2el 2e 2&Li s stri2e s%2%telile n<FiiA
4Ain&l&i M%4 A@ 2&tat n g2%g&#ia rnt&l n&@e nt%rt%2BeatMJ4 'it%reti i 'line 2Fe &rn
2ilt<%2latC i &n s'ai& '%li b SF4C &n(e '&t%4i ea *i^ 2F4(tF4i at2a l&i NF%e!Oi a'%i 'i insei 3 a
atern 'e Brtie $- <n (&I s2enC (i a@a i@aginat4
M
CniF irns s t &ies2 Li tirn' 24ir&i
n2Beiei4< n& se nlr2r%a4 ntr<<Ln 2
.
LF4 J ^L<C2&4is t&n(&l &n
r
<i Z 2i
.
@&ni 2e @ FBi(ei & 6Cn
ea (e +# i <*4O'i
.
2\
(% '& @ai a la % =
draB
li
L 55i
lFi2&ri 2
4
are
%*erea 2ertit&(inea &n&i a('%st /a (e Aretn&<[
&rJ
!i%ri2aC 2e sa nteeaC iDb&tea@ sN
lrges2 in(e*init *rjIM
2r
Z '&in 2& n2Bi'&irea4 "i @ !resu/an 2&
1
rii/icaii 'r%'rii &n&i 2%s@%s legen(ar4 IDA%(ea@
;1..
*r ni2i % grab4 Ori2e a2t
i@'%rtant se i2ea S !i a
r
Fale4 +%t&l i l&a 'ar2 rg%D4 IriA@inte se /a nuai (e la
*r&2t&lC 2are 2rete n2et i 2are seM 2%a2eC I
Ul
j jj 2a(e s%r%2&l4 KMister&lL @e& (ra@ati2 treb&ia
s LO@%rteas2 (in a2elai rit@ %rgani24 n 2are aAea& i se' @'lineas2 'erele (in gr(ina
'rintel&i< B&n2a4 n a'r%'ierea 2t&n&l&iC 'e &n 'ri'%r nalt (eas&'ra uui3 'rintele B&nea
aAea % a (%&a gr(inC s&bt % s'rin2ean (e '(&reC i n a'r%'iere % 2s& (e le@n4 &
'ri(A%rC n 2are l%2&ia n&@ai rati%ri 2ineAaC r&(e (e<i
e
'%'iiC 2e Aenea& &ne%ri n AiDit (e
aiurea5 Cu-oca?ia &nei 'li@briC 'rintele @i arta gr(inaC i 2s&a4 n @ijl%2&l giF(inii se
rs*a la s%are &n 'r slbatic3 2& 2%a@a tiat n 2Bi' (e &@brel4 U@brela (e Aer(ea se
an&na i@'enetrabil 'entr& 'l%aie i s%are4 KCe *%l%sit%are ar *i s&bt 'r % @r& 2&
'i2i%arele bt&te n 'a<3ti % ban2 (e sen(&A alt&riLC i Di2 aa ntr<% 'rintel&iC Ka '&tea s
@ retrag a2i4 s lucre? la a @eaC n liniteL4 )rintele nu rs'&nse ni@i2C (aI a DiC s%sin( (e
&n(eAa a2asC i s'&se 2 'e !ri!or 'tC s&bt 'r&l '(&reC % @s& (e bra( i % ban24
H%trii s n& @ai l&2reD la K@ister&lL eu3 2i4 ^4 i a2%l% 'e 'ri'%r4 Lega@ (e i@aginea @esei
i a bn2ii `a % n(ej(e (e Araj salAat%are4
Dis (e (i@inea % l&ai 'e ling DA%i&l @%riiC trecui r&lC i @ n(e@nai s &r2 '%te2aC
'rintre @2eiC s're gr(ina '%'iiC n ti@' 2e s%arele @i 'irj%lea *r&nteaC (e 'e 2are treb&ia&
s (is'ar 'al%rile iernii4 C& &n aAii ii tineres2 @i l&ai in 'ri@ire @s&a i l%2&l (e l&2r&4
%ra Di&a a a'tea a l&nii @ai4 5r&nDa se (eDA%ltase n 2teAa s't@ni 2& % re'eDi2i&ne
a'r%a'e s%n%r n .%t 'eisaj&l4 !er(ele (%Dat 2& l&@in tareC aAea a2ea trans'aren
'r%as'tC 2e n& (&reaD (e2tt Are% (%& s't@ni 2%nstit&in( *aDa (e 'astel a 'ri@Aerii4
L2&stele i gngniile (e t%t s%i&l &@'lea& AD(&B&l 2& lit&rgia l%r rsriteanC ns%it (e
2ntarea (e stran a b%n(aril%r4 Intensa s%li(aritate inea 2&@'n &nei tristei l&ntri2eC
a@r2i&nii -i ngrij%rriiC 2e @ 2%'leea& n 2&rs&l n%'il%rC 2a n aj&n&l &n%r nt@'lri
'reDise (e a'%2ali'sC (ar ereu
:>
@i (%I dn tre
@4L
a@inate4 La C'lna iDb&tea@ s @ a(&n i s l&2r<IJ +%ate nt@'lrileC 2ele graAeC ist%ri2eC
2e %2&'a& 2%ntjC nenteleC i 2are 'rea& al&Dii ia 'r%*eieC i *2el*e liniti l%ar'C< ale &nei
(estin(eri 'rilej&ite (e % nt%ar2ere J
(Cj 3Oe &bli@a& 2a (e li sineC n K@ister&lM 74SS l&2ra@4 Aj&ngin( la @s&C @ a'&2ai (e
l&2r& n&2naiC (e2tC gt*lin( n2 (e gre&l &r2&&l&iC a2easta 2a s in
es2C 'ierDn(&<@ 2& t%t&l n 'riAelite4 +reb&ia I
3
tre2 2& &n e*%rt (e A%in 'este @%@ent&l
2ii
I3
2 al ia'I . (e a @ t%'i n 2nte2&l l2&stel%r4 IDb&tii 'entr& aeeastj ntie Di (e tr&(
'%eti2 'e 'ri'erC @ai strani2 (e2I '&t&se@ s n(j(&ies24 L&2rai Are% trei %re4 )e &rn&
bir&it (e 'eisaj4 Cl(&ra snt%as a s%ni2l&i [ leni 'reDentC i l&@ina est%@'at n&@ai (e
*r&nDi al 'r&l&i '(&re @i<% *2&ser 2a % Araj4 @i ri(4 a *iinaC 2& gn(&l s n& @ @ai
a(&n i i4 Din
2&i (e s&bt 'ri'%r se a&Dea& a'ele g&ree ale Arii 'ret&tin(eni D&@Det&l nentrer&'t al albi
zh(r/
l al b%n(aril%r 2e
A
L se 2&*&n(a& n *l%area ign2il%r &s&r i &n @&r@&r larg 2it AaleaC i (
l&@eI
anete n a&D&l @e&4 M< ti@' stat&i aa rDi@at i 2 'e @s&4 -i 2&@ e(ea@ 'e ban2
'i2i%r 'est^ j F2l%rC abs%rbit (e 'riAeliteC si@ii (intr<% (at 2eAs
r4iiit 3 era 2a i 2&@ &n 2el& i<ar *i '&s 'i 4 le 'e Air*i4il b%2an2&l&i @e&4 Dar n& 'rea
Ae(ea@ 2&@ aJ S
3
i '&t&t s4 se rt2eas2 'e<a2iC *r a (a alt se@nC &n Siel& (in 2at4 O
ne(&@erire @ 2&'rinseC gBi2in( 2a t%ate si@&rile 2 K'i2i%r&eleL i@aginare str&ia& 'e +
r*&l b%2an2&l&i4 A@ 2&tat s n&<@i @i2 (el%2 'i2i%arele i<@i a'le2ai n2eti%r 2a'&lC 2a s
'riAes2 s&bt @as N& era 2el&4 O AeAeri r%2%AanC 2& 2%a(a l&ngC n*% laC i ri(i2ase
lb&ele (inainte 'e Ar*&l b%2an2&l&i i S<Fari(a n a2east '%Diie (e @irareC 'riAin( @'rej&r
2ri nregistrase @i2area @eaC i 2a &n a&t% n*l2rat 'ieri (intr<&n salt n '(&rea (e<alt&r
i4 Un&l (in b&n&rile 2ele @ai gBi(&e ale '(&rii @i *2&se AiDit ra a2easta 'entr& @ine &n
se@n i<&n arg&@ent4 ntr<t 2li' (e extaDC 2al@ i *ires2C @<a@ &nit 2& 2ele (in 'reaj@4
B&2&ria nt@'lrii i @<i'li2a n2 e2%&rile n s&*let&l @e&C 2n( 'e la % an&@e %r 'rinsei
2& tal'aC 2are (eAenise &re2BeC 2a &n b&b&it (e'rtatC 2e Aenea 'rin '@ntC s&r(C a(n24
B&b&it&l se nAe(era ntregAjli
.
@e& tr&'C 2are se resi@ea (e Aibraiile tA@&l&i4
3
:Y
iisn&itC ti&ta (e 2tAa ti@'C a ata2&ril%r aeriene
Z s'inrii a ,J nriNni2i4
llC
CnF# c%r i n sat 2itre a@iaDC n%r%(&l ieea (in <r*rDiC nFn( in 'il2&riC 2a la &n se@nal4
Dins're @iaD<
%a'te
se
gO
irea
Dg%@%t&l s2@%sC *r (e relie*C al &n%r b%@bar(iereC 2e 'rea& a &r@a n Dare
2&rs&l M]ii+&iC Li6j%s4 Oa@enii 'rea& agitaiC (ar 'ani2a era in&ta n *r& (e 2%ntiina
(istanei la 2are sa gsea 'ri@ej(ia4 "e Drea& n (e'rtareC 2tre M&nii A'&seniC s2li'in( n
l&@ina s%arel&iC Are% 2in2iDe2i (e b%@bar(iere a@eri2aneC 2r( (e 'sri 2lt%areC 2e se
nt%r2ea& (e &n(eAaC (&' % is'raA (istr>%are4 C%r'&rile (e @etal 'l&tea& nestin<
^Beri^te (e ni@i2C 2%@&ni2n( i 'riAit%ril%r (e j%s si@<@nt&l 2eretii l%r sig&rane4 ra
ntia %ar 2 Ae(ea@ *ai@%asele 2etNti Db&rt%are4 UneleO%rnbar(iere se a'r%'i<ar n(eaj&ns
s're a '&tea *i 'rinse n 2%n&l (e 're2iDie al Ae(erii4 Le a(@ira@C 2a &n g&r 2as2C 'entr&
s'len(i(a l%r al2t&ire4 Cetile Db&rt%are a(&2ea& @%arteC ne &n(e tre2ea&C (ar stenii
res'ira& &&raiC &r@rin(&<le 2& 'liAireaC i n& 'rea& a le '&rta Are% (&@nie4 5ii
&biii (e stani%lC l&ngiC Db&ra& (e<a Aal@a 'rin AD(&BC 're2&@ *&nigeii n Dile senine (e
t%a@nC i 2(ea& 'este 2t&n4 N& 'rea nelegea@ (e 2e b%@bar(ierele lsa& n &r@a l%r
*&nigei @etali2i4 CineAa (a l@&ririC n& ti& ni2i astDi 2t (e AalabileC 2 *iile (e stan*%l s<ar
ansa inteni%natC 'entr& a nela a'aratele (e intire ale a'rrii antiaerieneC (e j%s4
)rintre 2&ri%ii 2are &r@rea& retragerea b%@bar(ierel%rC se gsea (%a@na 're%teasC 2&
n2 % tnr (%a@n (es're 2are bn&ia@ 2 ar *i (%a@na Ana ,areC s%ia nat&ralist&l&i (e la
lai4 52&r@ 2&n%tin4 D%a@na ,are @<a nAre(ni2it (e<% s2&rtC *%arte atentC 'riAireC 2a
s 2%ntin&e a'%i a &r@riC 2& @na streain 'este %2BiC b%@bar(ierele argintiiC 2e senteia&
&ne%ri %rbit%r n Dare4 M &itai (intr<% 'arte la ea4 Mi s<a 'r&t 2 'riAea @ai (e'arte (e2t se
gsea& b%@bar(iereleC 'ar2 ar *i (%rit sa Aa( 2eAaC 2& @na streain 'este %2Bi n Darea Aii <
t%r&l&iC @i Aeni n @inte % %bserAaieC 2e % @ai *2&i n Aia4 Cn( *a2i 2&n%tin 2& %a@eniC
a 2r%r 'rietenie interesaC se nt@'lN n& % (at 2a s'ai&l (i@'rej&r
:C
s (%bri(eas2 % (i@ensi&ne liri2 i s se trans*%r@e it+ ti@'4 )riAeti n s'ai& 2a i 2&@ ai
'riAi n Aiit%rC (%ri<t%r a gBi2i 2e<i a(&2e Di&a (e @ine n legt&r 2& %a@enii4 Gr&'&l (e
2&ri%iC in2l&siA (%a@na 're%teasC & (e'rtaseC risi'n(&<se4 C&@ (%a@na Ana ,are t%t @Ni
str&iaC 2& 'riAirea in(e2is ntre Dare i Aiit%rC @ a'r%<'iai (e ea 3 KA *%st %are neA%ie (e<%
Di 2& AD(&B (e a'%2ali'sC 2a s ne 2&n%ate<@ HL (es2Bi( e& A%rba4 D%a@na ,are rs'&nse
D@bin( 3 K)ar2 ar n2e'e ntr<a(eAr 2e ni s<a 'r%*eit4 Cetile Db%ar 'este arL4 -i A%rba
Aeni re'e(e (es're Le%nte )tra2&C 2are n& t%2@ai (e'arte (e<a2iC n C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC
&r@rea 'r%babil i el4 n 2li'a a2eastaC 2Biar (in a'r%'iereC Db%r&l 2etil%r4
KM s%2%t 2ea @ai b&n 'rieien a l&iLC @i s'&ne D%a@na Ana ,areC K(a2 ai ti 2t (e
a(esea i 2& (e @< @i<a A%rbit (es're D<A%astrFZ
KIat 2 a& tre2&t trei s't@NniC (e 2n( s<a nt@<'lat sR@i r%steas2 n @jD n&@ele D<
A%astrC i abia a2&@ a@ b&2&ria (e a A @tlni4 !<ai @'res&rat 2& Di(&ri4 CBiar i at&n2i
2n( stai ntr<% gr(inFF4 C&Aintele @ele era& 2a@ stnga2eC (ar n& gsii altele @ai '%triAite
s're a s&blinia ntrDi2rea regretabil 2e a interAenit 2a s st a@ne @ere& 2eea 2e (e @<
treb&ia s aib l%24
KD%@n&le 'r%*es%rC (a2 A<ai nla '&in n Aii&l 'i2i%arel%rC s&nt sig&r 2 ai Ae(ea i
'este Di(&i4 Be alt*el 2asa &n(e sta& are '%artC i are &iC 'e 2are st3 '%ate intraLF4 A2estea a&
*%st 2&Aintele (e agC 2& 2are (%n@na ,axM% @i rs'&nse4
ra n glas&l (%a@nei Ana @< D@bet4 n @%(&laiileC glas&l&i gBi2ea@ a'r%a'e &n re'r%C
2 a@ lsat s trea2 s't*i@nileC *r (e<a 2&ta 'rilej&l (e<a ne 2&n%ateC i a2easta n '%*i(a
*a't&l&i ti&t (e a@n(%i 2 'rieten&l @e& 2el @ai b&n i 'rieten&l ei 2el @ai b&nC era &na i
a2eeai 'ers%an 3 *il%D%*&l (in C@'&l 5r&@%asei4
n a2eeai DiC 'e searC D%a@na Ana ,are se n*iina4 2& &n 'retext g%s'%(res2C n 2&rtea
'rintel&i B&r4ea4 !enise s se intereseDe (e nis2ai l&2r&ri la (%a@na 're%teas4 ra@ i e& (e
*aC (e ase@enea s%ia @ea i *ii2a4 "e n2insese tai*as n 2asaO@ai @i2C (e AarC (in a2eeai
2&rteC &n(e n 2asa (e iarn l%2&ia@ i n%i4 D%a@na ,areIT era % *'t&r a'r%xi@atiA @ijl%2ie
la statC (e<% (istin2ie 2are % nla5 d@bet era t%at *iina ei4 ,e@ar2ai n&rnai<
:0
i C
2
t 2 *r&@&seea ei n& era s'e2ta2&l%as4 5r&@&seea *
s
e alegea (in 2n( n 2n(C 2& t%t&l 'e
neate'tateC *ie 7Jin @i@i2C iie (intr<% @i2areC *ie (intr<&n 2%@'lex (e Hnii ne&tre4 xZA%a &n
&@blet 'lin (e graieC 'e 2are ea
A
ns= n& 'rea s i<% 2&n%as24 O2BiiC *%arte Aii i strl&2in(
de inteligenC se iAea& n %braD&l @ai 2&rn( al &n&i s&*letC (e2t al &n&i tr&'4 -i t%t&iC tr&'&l
era i el 'rintre n%i 2a s ex'ri@e 'rin *ie2are @i2are sa& gest &n *ar@e2 (%Dat (in n&ane
gre& (e (e*init4 CBiar n&@ele ei era 'ar2 a2ela al &n&i aer (&l2e4 A2east *'t&r (e 2arate
iie%sten<tatiAeC 2areC s&b as'e2t&l ei (e Araj *r n&@eC '&tea s as2&n( (esig&r i &nele
@i2i 2r&Di@i *e@inineC ne<a intrat n %gra(4 "e interesaC *r (e<&n s2%' 're2isC (e &nele
treb&ii g%s'%(reti 3 &n(e s<ar '&tea gsi 2%Asit (e %aieC l2&te%n (e 2i%rbC sa& 2arne (e
@iel i 2ele @r&nte ne2esare 'entr& 're'ararea (r%b&l&i4 ra &n 2Besti%nar (e a De2ea @inC
'entr& ale 2r&i r&bri2i '&tea s gseas2 rs'&ns&rile 2ele @ai 're2ise 2Biaj n 2asa &n(e
l%2&iaC Ia *a@ilia L%ga I &n(e ea ar *i gsit (e alt*el (in bel&g 2eea 2e se 're*2ea a 2&ta4
!eniseC nAe(eratC 'entr& alt2eAaC i era (e @irat 2 n&<i l&ase ni2i % %steneal (e a ns2%2i
'retexte @ai '&in trans'arente4 DaC Aenise 2& gn(&l (e a<@i 2&n%ate *a@ilia4 Aa a *%st
inter'retat AiDita ei (e 2tre t%i 2ei 2e era& (e *a4 "%ia @ea 0i *ii2a 9 se &ita& la eaC
n2er2ate 'n la @b&j %rare (e @i2a @in&neC 2e aAea &n aer att (e &rban i (e 2a@'estr& n
a2elai ti@'4
D%a@na ,are a stat 2t a statC iC (&' % 2%nAersaieC 2e l& % nt%rst&r (egajat i *%arte
'rieteneas2C se 'regtiC 'rintr<&n gest al @inil%rC i 'rin t%n&l glas&l&iC (e 'le2are4 A@
s2Biat &n n(e@n (is2ret 2tre *ii2<@ea s r@n a2asC i ns%ii 'e (%a@na ,are4 n&@ai
e&C 'e 2ele (%& B&(ii laterale 'n n *aa 2asei (in &lia 'rin2i'alC &n(e l%2&ia4 )e (r&@C
(%a@na Ana ,are @i s'&se 2 i este *%arte (%r s stea (e A%rb 2& *il%D%*&l ei I n&<l @ai
AD&se (e 2n( a Aenit la C'lna4 & i *a2 n&@ai(e2t 'r%'&nerea s ne (&2e@ ntr<% DiC n
ex2&rsieC )e j%sC 'n n C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC @'re&n4 )r%ie2t&lC (e abia s2BiatC *& a22e'tat
2& b&2&rieC r@nn( s ne nelege@ alia (at as&'ra DileiC 2n( A%@ '%rni 'e Aale n j%s4
:0
"it&aia n%astr n l&@ea sat&l&i aAea s ia % nt%ri t&r 2& t%t&l neate'tat4 C&i s<i *i tre2&t
'rin 2a' 2<aC *i 2& '&tin i atari neaj&ns&ri 7 Aa se 2%@'li2 &ne%r (in 'ri2ini @r&nteC
ne'reAD&teC @es2BineC 2Biar i Aia 2e 'are a se 2l(i 'e linii @ari i n 2%%r(%nate (i
(estin4 Din 'ri2iniC 2D&te 2a (in seninC re*&gi&l n%str& h C'lna era 2t 'e<a2i s ia s*ritC i
n2 &n&l br&s2C Dg%<[ r%%t%s i s'e2ta2&l%s4
CteAa Dile @ai nainte (e a 'le2a (in "ibi&C s%ia tne2 jN % *at (e serAi2i&C % *ata (e la arC
sing&raC 'rintre @<eleC 2e @i s<a& @biatC 2are se arta (is'&s
s2as2 %ra&lC 'entr& a sta 2teAa l&ni sa& 2teAa an%<=i@'&ri la sat4 Mri&2a aAea .; ani4 ra
*r&@&i2C (arC 're2&@ '&t&r@ re'e(e s ne (@ sea@aC &l&it%r (e &&rati24 "&*erin( (e<%
2&ri%Ditate b%lnAi2i%asC ea intra Ia C'lna n 2asele %a@enil%rC is2%(ea *a'te i relaiiC iC
2n( n& le gseaC le ns2%2ea 2& i@aginaie (e @it%@an *r ast@'r4 )ar2 a@ *i a(&sC 2&
n%iC &n (iaA%l n sat4 Dib&is2 n 2teAa Dile t%ate @r&ntele r%@aneC 2e se e<sea& ntre tinerii
(in 2t&n4 L&at 'ese@ne (e<&n *%2C 2r&ia n& avea. '&terea s i se %'&nC *ata inea s<iF
@b%geas2C (intr<% (atC en%r@ i t%renialC ere@itI aAent&ril%r 'ers%nale4 Ast*el se *2ea
2C n *ie2are n%a't% * ea atrgea 2te<&n *l2&C n gx a(ina (in (%s&l 2asei 2are l%2&ia@4
Bieii 'rintel&i B&neaC 2ei (%i4 a(%l2 2eniC 2are &r@rea& (esig&r 2& interes atari FaAent&
an2ilareC ne<a& atras n2 (e la n2e'&t l&area a@in4 as&'ra is'rAil%r *etei4 "'ern( 2 '%t
n*rna (eD@&l B%tri s sta& (e A%rb 2& Mri&2a4 I<a@ artat 2& s*i%at %2%li&riC 2ele 2e se
A%rbea& 'rin sat 'e s%2%teala ei4 MrF<&2a @<a as2<atC *r a se @b&j%ra4 n ti@' 2e<i
A%rbeairC ta l&C s're s&r'riDa @eaC % t%t @ai nAe(erat atit&(iniF (e 2%2BetrieC 'entr& 2a la
&r@ s<@i rs'&n( 3 KCre(e (%@n&l 'r%*es%r 2 la Arsta @ea se '%ate tri *r (r<g& HL 9
)entr& @%@ent iDb&tise s @ (eDar@eDe D&' alte Are% 2teAa Dile *ata 2D& la grea
gl2eaA 2 @ai @<e *a@ilii (in satC 'e 2are le aase &na @'%triA alteia4 Mri&2a re&iC 'rin
intrigiC br*eli i 'rin ner&inate iniiatiAe n%2t&rne s 2reeDe n sat % tensi&neC gat4 a se
rs*rng2 s&bt *%r@ (e resenti@ente i bn&ialC i srN4 5ata aAea aer&l 2 se B&2&r (e
'r%te2<
;1
C<C
a
n%astrC (e%are2e se ign%ra @'rej&rarea 2 n%i nine M l&at<<% n serAi2i& (%ar 2teAaC Dile
@ai nainte (e a %rni 'e (r&@&l bejeniei4 "e *2& a'%i 2 Mri&2a '%2nise
*s'n(i n 2t&n i (iAerse bas@e (es're n& ti& 2e B%giiL i K2%@%riLC 2e le<a@ *i a(&s
@'a2Betate n 6NDi 2& 2r&eleC 2n( a@ s%sit n sat4 LDile a& '&t&t s ie AD&te (e %ri2ine4
le 2%ninea& 2ele ne2esare trai&l&i4 a(eArat e 2 &nele lDi 2%ninea& alt2eAaC i t%2@ai a2es<
tea aii treDit 'r%babil i@aginia *etei4 DaC ntr<a(eArC n L4stea era& K2%@%rileL4
ML
"<a @ai ntN@'latC t%t 2a@ 'e<at&n2iC 2a nite 2lt%riC tre2n( 'rin 2t&n s're aeDrile @ai
nalteC (e @&nteC (e la CasaC s se intereseDe la 2iAa l%2alni2iC 2a@ 2ine
rt 2ei 2e s<a& Kre*&giatL a2i n sat4 Un 2'lnean %are<l 'r%n&nat i n&@ele @e& 3 Axente
Creang4 +re2t%r&l i<a *2&t 2%@entariile sale 3 KHaC '%et&l 7 A'%i " tii 2 (&' sta
&@bl aAi%anele engleDe i a@eri2ane 7L C%@entari&lC 2& @<ele n*l%rit&riC 2e i se a(&garC
'n Ca aj&ng ia 2ellalt 2a't a sat&l&iC a 'rins re'e(e r(2ini4 -i &r@area a *%st % @areC
%bteas2 ngrij%rare4 n s&*let&l &n%ra se a'rin(ea 2Biar tea@a i 'ani2a4 )rinte<Cii &nea
2are ne gD(&iiC i se s&gera (in 'artea &n%r batrni ai sal&l&iC s 'le2@ n alt 'arte4 "e
s&sinea e&F % naiAitateC n 2are se a@este2a % anxietate @agi2C 2 'reDena n%astr ar ex'&ne
sat&l la b%@bar(a@ente (in 'artea engleDil%r i a@eri2anil%r4 A *%st neA%ie 2a 'rinM iele
B&nea s interAin ntr<&na (in 're(i2ile sale (&@ini2aleC '&nn(&<i la 2ntar t%at
a&t%ritateaC s're a stinge ase@enea '%Aeti is2ate (in gl&@ele &n%rF ne2&n%s2&i *Nr 2'ti4
ntr<% atare at@%s*er n& ne @ai '&tea@ 'er@ite s atrt@ 2t&n&l i 2& is'rAile i (r2iile
Mri&2Bii4 O ex'e(iar@ (e2i na'%i la "ibi&C i (e a2%l% n sat&l 'rinil%r ei4 x'e(ierea ei
la %brie se *2& 2& % ra'i(itate i 2& % 'r%@'tit&(ine 2 i (iaA%liei r&sti2e i 'ieri 'i&it&l4
)reAenir@ ast*el rs2%ala 2t&n&l&i @'%triAa n%astr D&' 'le2area Mri&2Bii t&lb&rarea s<a
aeDat4 )rintre %a@eni str&i nsC n2 l&ni (e DileC bn&iala 2 lDileC ng&ste i l&ng&ieeC 2e
le ngr@(iser@ n &na (in %(iC 2&'rin(ea& @ari 2%@%ri4 LDile era& ntr<a(eAr *%arte
grele 'entr& Knense@nataL l%r @ri@eC arg&@ent 2e s2ia i@aginaia n%r%(&l&i4 Mri&2aC
A%in( s<i (ea i@'%rtantC lansa n2 n <i@ele @%@ente nainte (e
/.
al&ngarea eiC *el&ri (e bas@e (es're Ka&r&lL 'e 2art M&nii A'&seni ii ANnsaser n lDile
n%astre4
De%2a@(at at@%s*era n sat se @ai linitiC (ar '%Aestea Ka&r&l&iMF aAea s<@i @ai *ie
a@intitC ani n &r@ n alte @'rej&rri4 5a'te i nt@'lri 2e 'ar &n e'is%(C se leag
a(ese%riC 'e @<e *ireC 2& Aiaa %@&l&i4 "&nte@7F nsC n2 t%t n l&na @ai .0EEC 2tre s*rit4
-i 2ele ale ti@'&l&i treb&ies2 '%Aestite 'e rn(4
Inlln2a@ rar 'e (%a@na Ana ,are4 O(atC 2n( @i se '%triAiC i a@intii (e 'r%ie2t&l s2BiatC
(ar r@as n s&s'ensieC (e a s&r'rin(e 2& % AiDit 'e *il%D%*&l (in C"@'&l 5r&@%asei4
Mne2ar@ n ex2&rsie In Di&a (e ,&saliiC srbt%area s*nt&l&i (&BC 2are 2(ea (est&l (e trDi&
n a2el an4 di&a se an&na @in&nat4 )e (r&@C n 2%nAersaia n%astr sltreaC aAea@ s
atinge@ 2ele @ai Aariate 2Besti&ni4 D%a@na Ana ar&n2 &n 2&AntC n2 (e la n2e'&tC i (es<
're at@%s*era (eDagreabilC 2e ni s<a 2reat n satC la risi'irea 2reia ea nsi a 2%lab%rat 2a %
s*etni2 as2<at 2& n2re(ere i 2& si@'atie (in 'artea ranil%r4 ra *ires2 s Ain A%rba ntre
n%i i (es're lDileC ng&ste i
3
l&ng&ieeC n 2are M&nii A'&seni i<ar *i Arsat @r&ntaiele (e
a&r4
KCi&(at e 2 a2este lDi exist 2& a(eAratLC a(a&g e&C Ki ele 2&'rin( ntr<a(eAr 2eAa 'rei%sC
sa&C @ni 're2is 2eAa ='rei%sT< 'entr& n(i, i @ai ales 'entr& s%ia @ea4 LDileC Are% De2eC
2%nin Ae2Be *aian l&Ditan (in se2%lele X!II i X!III4 -i a2&@ snt sig&r 2 Arei s a&Dii .
'%Aestea a2BiDii%nrii a2estei *aianeL4
4 D%a@na ,are i nt%arse '&in 2a'&l s're @ineC 2eea 2e @i (ete %2aDia s re@ar2 2t (e
*r&@%as se Kaleg2r n (i@ineaa a2eeaC (e r2%are s%lar i<n aer&lC 2e iest a 'ar2 ra(i%a2tiA
'rin a'ele s'e2ta2&l%ase ale r&l&i4
K5a2e HL @ ntreb (%a@na AnaC ta2Binn4(&<@C ntr<&n *elC 'entr& ntrebarea 2e<i '&sese@4
K5a2eLC i rs'&n(C rdn( i n2e' s ist%rises2 3 Kn .0/;C 'e 2n( @ gsea@ n L&DitaniaC
ntr<% Di (e Aar4 ins&'%rtabil 2ani2&larC @ (&sei la bir%&rile legaiei n%astre4 A*lai a2%l% %
s2ris%areC 2e t%2@ai sWsise4 D&' ante i
;:
+e&l Aenea 2ie la B&2&retiC (e la Ministr&l )alat&l&i4 n%& s2ris%ri era& n 'li2 I &na se@nat
(e Ministr&l )N<i t&l&i4 O 2itii4 ra@ '%*tit s @ intereseD (e sit&aia &iUi nie(i2 l&DitanC 2are
s%li2ita interAenia ,egel&i ,%@Nniei ntr<% 2Besti&ne 'r%*esi%nalC (es're 2are aAea@ < a*l&
a@n&nte (in s2ris%area a (%&a4 A (%&a s2ris%are era s2ris n *ran&Dete4 "e@nt&ra era
2aligra*iat <l%r%a'e 2%'ilrete 3 Dr4 ,ibeira4 ra se@nt&ra s%li2itant&l&iC 2are i in(i2a i
a(resa4 Me(i2&l l&Dttan s2ria
*
je<a (re't&l ,egel&i ,%@Nniei4 n rn(&rile intr%(&2tiAeC C.
ntreba 2& 'le22i&niC 2e se gBi2ea& (in al&ra sl%Ael%rC (a2 s&Aeran&l i @ai a@intete (e
@e(i2&l l&DitanC 'e &are l<a 2&n%s2&t 2n(Aa la BiarritD 7 Me(i2&l arta n s2ris%are sit&aia
're2arC n 2are se gsea444 A&Din( 2 n L&Ditania ia *iin % @are ntre'rin(ere 'etr%lierC &n
s%i (e *ilial a =,2(eAenei r%@NneT<C @e(i2&l i ia n(rDneala s s%li2ite % interAenie
regalC s're a ti n&@it @i <2li2 al 4ntre'rin(erii4 ,&gai 'e se2retara legaieiC % tnr InDitan
(e ti' arabC s 2a&te n in(i2at%rii7 tele*%ni2 n&@ele i a(resa @e(i2&l&iC i s<l '%*teas2 'n
la legaie4 "e2retara (es2%'eri ntr<a(eAr n&@ele i a(resaI aG ri(i2 re2e't%r&lC *%r@eaD
&n n&@r4 O ntrebare n li@ba riiC 2are<@i (eranja n2 a&D&l 2& @<ele sale s<&ri i
j&@ti (e <&riC i 2& (i*t%ngii aneA%ie (e 'r^ <n&natC 22i i 2erea& s<i '%triAeti
@axilarele 'entr& &n *el (e ltrat4 n2e'e la tele*%n &n s2Bi@b (e 2&ein&4 "e2retara se
nr%eteC ri(i2 glas&l4 ,e'et4 Insist A%rbeas2 @e(i2&l&i 2&tare4 A'%i t2ere4 )e &r@ alt
glI la tele*%n4 Un(% l@&riri4 Nis2aiAa s2&De4 Me(i2&l *&s g(itC n s*ritC =i Aa Aeni
n&@ai(e2t la legaieT4 ,e2 $ tara se s2&t&r (e rs4 La tele*%n se 'reDentaseC (&' 2 era (e
bn&itC s%ia @e(i2&l&iC 2areC a&Din( &n glas 4F^ <'aininC r%sti (teAa 2&Ainte 'e &n t%n (e
inj&rie 3 112 4I ia ,%@Nniei H LasF 2 l i& 2& 2e legaie l 2a&t 7MS +i <t&i l&2r&rile s<a&
l@&rit4 D&' Are% 2teAa @in&te ('arC @e(i2&l s&na la intrare4 i n(re'ta 'r%babil 2raAataC
n &a legaiei4 I s<a (es2Bis4 A *%st '%*tit s intre n bir%&l @e&4 "e %'ri n 'ragC *r a sal&taC
Di2n( 3 <Mi 4se 'are 2 aAa 2%@is % @are 'r%stie i<% %aiFe2are ne2&Aiin4 +%t&i a@ AenitC
D%@n&le Ministr&C *a2ei 2e A%ii 2& @irse4 +IiiaFi<@i 2a'&l 7T Me(i2&l l&Ditan era s2&n2j4 I
elC (ar si@'ati24 Gria ntr<% *ran&Deas2 i@'e2abil C a're2iin( %@&l (&' n*iareC n&
@ ate't
;;
ST t =jr4trea i&l Car%n
%u 3 ^Dar n-ai /cut
nici % 'r% &4 ve s&
Kii A r&gC L&ai l%24 &e<a2eea A<a@ 2Be@at 7T
l 3 =" ls@ 'r%stia la % !arte3 dac d-ICC t%t&i ne2&Aiina Ar<jit<%4 Ani s
ZNaiei % scrisoareD3
=DaC streinC i rs'&3 a<l l@&i
t&l&i 2L s2ris%area se gs i 4 tarul
!re 2e<i s2riai gelui H L<ai 2&n%s2 ="%li2ita@ nalta<i interAenieF la ntre!
@Nneas2C 2e ia *iinC (&' 2&@ a*lai (in Dia n a2est %raC s *i& n&@it @e(i2 al
ntre'rin(erii444 Eti D%@n&le Ministr&C % (&2e@ *%arte gre& 9 n%i @e(iei
astr sJr a $
5 FEi e
cntiva
derea .
2Biar IJ
4a ne2aD %r
ieiT<4 Aa Ai
=A@ !rii
ile s&bt s2&l
!Grori
i c=estiune
IC 2i d
re 'a
NC (iF
i
3
4e4 C&
4aneaC
lint gata s
il&i i irFi &i Dr4 ,ib
it (e la
ale D<A%t
'rin 2a' 2ele @ai nsti
eeAa4 "i j 4
OMe(i2&l
a Ail
in&l nao
Bl4
&n tni
Bucure4ti % in(i2aia s A ia& g ii rs!und5 =" re2ti*i2 ns @ai r F44 2& 'riAii a la
ntre'rin(e S 44 (es're % ntre'rin(ere r%n S ntre stat&l l&Ditajn Hi % > ' /rane/o-roGriF
a *
iri !eri!eii5 n cur*na vot
SSF4 ntr S te % 4
&Ditan 0i s%2ietiI 3& (ire2t%r&l4 NRa '&tea Ins iat4 9 -i a2&@ s vorbi des! a*l& in ee
2%n(iii l<ai 2&n%s2&t C
i 'e<% lt& la BiarriDC
Stire 3 =i a *%st 'rin an
al ,%@Nniei se gsea n s&rgBi&n i ea3 2Biar n resta&rant&l B%tel&l&i %2it a'r%'iere l&a&
(ej&n&lC la 44 elegantC 2& % (%a@n4 M ntre
% A%2e (est&l (e tare
r
2& s%ia @eaC n li@ba l&Dii a 2&@ se *a2e (e %bi2eiC 2n( &@bli 'rin
strintate Ji
'%ri 2& gn(&l 2 n& e ni@eni 'rin 'reaj@ s te Leag4 ,e@ar2ai 2 tnrul (e alt&ri trgea
&ne%J i e2Bea la 2%nAersaiaF n%astr4 I@'resia s<a 2i tnr&l tri@ise 'e 2Belner s ne ntrebe ce
@4 A@ rs'&ns3 li@ba l&Ditar4F
% *<
. (is2ret (in i abilC 22i ne trn
;2
iii
2Be@e % sti2l (e a@'anie4 +%t 'i in 2Belner ci'n 2 'ii@2se 2& t%at @&l&@ireaC (a2
'ere2Bea
2
Lalt&ri Aa a22e'ta (&' (ej&n o 2a*ea neagr 'regtit n *el l&Ditan4 +nr&l se
nA%iC tri@in( 2&<Ant t%t 'rin 2Belner4 D&' (ej&n le<a@ tri@is 2a*ea&aC 'e 2are % 'ie'ara@
e-un a'arat s'e2ialC 2Biar 'e @asa (in *
a
W< D&' 2e<i b& 2ea2a (e 2a*eaC tnr&l se ri<2+2
i % i
a
"34
re
@asa n%astrC 2eea ce @N %blig sE @ ri(i2 i O&
@
i @&l&@i 'lin (e 2&rt%aDie
'entr& 2a*ea i<@i s'&se 2 '%art &n (e%sebit interes L&Ditaniei4 L<a@ ntrebat 2e naie este4
Mi<a rs'&ns si@'l& i s%br&
3
r%@Nn4 La a&D&l n&@el&i a2est&i nea@ (e %a@eniC a@ re<
a2i%nat *r 2%ntr%lC s'&nn( 3 KN%i l&sitanii aAe@ % @are a(@iraie 'entr& 'rin&l Car%l 7L C
Dar 2&ra H )entr& 2e HLC ntreb tnNi&l4 K!e(eiLC i s'inC K&n 'iin 2ai % ren&n la tr%n 'enti&
% *e@eieC este 2eAa 2e exalt 'e t%i BiDi<taniiL< -i<at&n2iC '&in 'er'cxC tnr&l DiHIM3 C OJ@t
'rin&l Car%lL4 ! n2Bi'&ii setnaC D%@n&! IlinisF C&ta@ s A( 2a@ (e 'e &n(e i 2&@ tn5
A%i D@bit%i&l&i 'rin4 -i (eAenira@ hv (&' (ej&n&riC 2n( n%i la eiC 2 se trans*%r@ase nt<&n
iitA
.
're&n4 )rin&l se interesa L&DitaniaC &n(e l&2r&rile a' i b&n4 -i a2&@C iatC 2n(
tre'rin(ereC @i l&ai n(rDO2444 IJ Un rege n& '&tea s &ite 'e @i2&l s& 'iiett 4 a i DisT4
=-i iat 2 n& A<a &itatT r(&gai e&4 <n i aFstn (<A%astr treb&ie s aAei ns '&in rb(areT4
=A@ rb(are i n *%n( 2Besti&nea a2eea n ei n& @ai int2ieseaDC (in @%@entF 2e A( 2
,egele n& r4 <44 &itatT4 C& a2este 2&AinteC @e(i2&l 'le24
L&ai (egrab legt&ra 2& (ire2t%r&l nti2'in(2iii inginer&l 'etr%list Nl&2C '%*iin(&<l s
tiea2 'e la gaie ntr<% 2Besti&ne (e &rgen4
?nelegerea 2& 'riAire la n*iinarta ntre'rin(erii *ian<2%<r%@Nn%<l&Ditan nt@'inase
n2i@aginabile (i*i2&I<M<WZi4 )eAr%l&l angl%<arneri2an (einea 'iaa l&Ditan *J 6 2%n2&ren
i<i i@'&nea 'ie&rile (&' 'la24 ,e'reDentanii 'etr%l&l&i angl%<a@2i i2an se str(&ia& s
D(2F3<ni2eas2C 'e %ri2e 2al2C 2a ntre'rin(eV ea n&@it 4r%rrLR neas2LC s ia *iinC 22i %
ase@enea nti e'rin(ereC 4FTi
/>
u A%i i a&3F* a
+
Oj 'ri2t* # O
n%i LMCC tFtl
4a@ teF CaA
'e (% le
(in
ie 'e<& O F@
n%&
Hlare (es*T JFa
!T<
s2ri& tt4t
2are intra 2a as%2iat i stat&l l&Ditan 9 ar *i (&s la eli@inarea 'etr%l&l&i angl%<a@eri2an (e 'e
'iaa l%2al4 ,e'reDentaniiC ng@*ai i '&terni2iC ai a2est&i 'etr%7C 2&ta& (e2i s
2%@'r%@itC 'rin intrigi i 'rin i2i (e *el (e DA%n&ri 2al%@ni%aseC n(e%sebi 'e inginer&l
Nl&2C 'etr%list&l 2are '&rta n n&@ele ,e(eAen2i tratatiAele 2& stat&l l&Ditan4 Ca @inistr& al
,%@Nniei n a2ea ar n& aAea@ (e2t &n r%l (e %bserAat%rC (ar (e cte %ri @i s<a 2er&tC a@
interAenit n @ers&l (is2&iil%rC &ne%ri 2Biar n @%@ente B%trt%areC @ai ales 'entr& a risi'i
nen2re(ereaC 2e l&Ditanii n2e'ea& s<% arate *a (e re'reDentant&l 'etr%l&l&i r%@Nnes2C 2t 'e<
a2i s 2a( Ai2ti@ Un%r calonii (e 2ea @ai rea 2re(in4 -tia@ ns 'e (e alta 'arte 2
(i2tat%r&l L&Ditani2i inea s se e@an2i'eDe (e4 subt t&tela 'etr%l&l&i angl%<a@eri2an 4i 2 n
2%nse2ina dorea s se aj&ng la % nelegere 2& inginerul Nl&2a4 -i ast*el interAenia @ea se
'r%(&2ea ai @< 'entr& salAarea 'restigi&l&i 'ers%nal al (<l&i Nl&2C (in Aal<AB<lej&l
bnlFelil%r4 C%nAenia *rane%<r%@Nn%<l&Ditan s<a se@natC iar ntre'rin(erea 2e &r@a s ia
*iinC aAea sa (eAinC (&' t%ate 'reAe(erileC 2ea @ai (e sea@ ntre'rin<(ere in(&strial (in
L&Ditania4 22i a2east tar se gsea 'e atunci3 (in '&n2t (e Ae(ere in(&strialC 2& 2in2iDe2i (e
L ani c=iar 4i n &r@a ,%@Nniei n%astre4
Dire2t%r&l Nl&2 s%si4 li s'&n (es're 2e % A%rba 3 % I s2ris%are (e la )alat 2& % a'%stil a
,egel&i4 Nl&2 B%tr S *r a sta @2ar % 2li' s 2&@'neas2 3 =Da2 este (%rina
,egel&iC at&n2i (%2t%r&l ,ibeira s se 2%nsi(ere @e(i2 al ntre'rin(eriiT4 ="taiC staiC @ai 2&
n2et&lLC i Di2C =n2 ni2i n<ai n2e'&t l&2rrileT4 =N<are a *a2e4 " Aie 4 (%2t%r&l 2Biar (e
@ineC s<i ri(i2e lea*a4 Heste 2teAa l&ni Aa aAea 'r%babil i (e l&2r&T4 Nl&2 era (e2i &n %@
*%arte ex'e(itiA4
A (%&a Di @ grbii @ai @atinal s're legaieC 2a Fs 2Be@ 'e doctorul ,ibeira4 ra@
nerb(t%r s<i 2%@&ni2 %@&l&i % Aeste b&n4 Cn( a s%sitC i<a@ s'&s 2C (in 2li'a (e *a
2BiarC este @e(i2&l ntre'rin(eriiC i<l '%li ii la se(i& s're a<i ri(i2a salari&l (e la 2asierie4
D%2t%r&l a 'lii4 )&in li'sea s salte (e b&2&rie 'rin bir%&4
-i<a'%iC a(&nn(&<seC n2e'& s<i %*ere serAi2iile 2& S ret%ri2a &n&i @e(iteranean 3 =-tiiC
(%@n&le Ministr&C e& a@ legt&ri strnse la t%ate @inisterele4 -i la @inister&l
;.
<@atei< ! sta& la (is'%Diie 2& %ri2e in*%r@aii ai (%ri4 `tii<< 'F<F*itr& ,egele Car%l e& @i
tr(eD i 'atriaT4 5raDa 1 era r& ti2l&itC (ar a@ D@bit4 -iC artn( s're Barta &r%'eiC 2e
atrna 'e 'eretele bir%&l&iC i Di2 3 =!e(eiC (%@n&le (%2t%rC ai2i e L&DitaniaC (in2%l%C t%2@ai
laC 2a't&l e'&sC e ,%@Nnia4 N& a@ neA%ie (e ni2i % in*%r@aie se2retF (es're ara (<A%astr4
"nle@ r%@Nni i snte@ l&sitani4 -i nii se 'are 2 @'rat&l +raianC na&l li@bii n%astreC a
*%stC i elC l&Ditan4 N<aAe@ ni@i2 (eF
.
L@'rit4 Dar 2t @ 'riAeteC iatC e& a@ Aenit ai2i
n&@ai 2a s a(@ir *r&@&seile rii (<A%astrC i s 2&n%s2 gl%ria &n&i @i2 '%'%rC 2are a *%st n
stare s 2&2ereas2 % j&@tate (e gl%b '@ntes2T4
Ct ti@' a@ r@as n L&DitaniaC (%2t%r&l ,ibeira tre2eaC 2& @ain&a l&iC n *ie2are Di 'e la
legaieC @ere& la a2eeai %rC 2& exa2titate (e anti2 2le'si(r4 -i se interesaC (a2 n<a@ Are%
(%rin4 )&nea n glas &n a22ent i &n t%nC 2& 2are A%ia 'ar2 s<i s&blinieDe 2%ntiina (e
*i(elC (ei n&@ai Airt&alC 2etean al &nei riC 'rin 2are ni2i%(at n<a &@blat i n& Aa &@bla4 O
(atC @ai trDi&C 2n( s<a nt@'lat s @ gseas2 @ai (egajat n ra'%rt 2& sit&aia @ea
(i'l%@ati2C ntrebn(&<@ 2a (e %bi2eiC (a2 n<a@ Aie% (%iinC i<a@ rs'&ns 3 =N& a@ ni2i %
(%rin4 Ba (aTC reAenii e&C =a@ t%t&i &na4 A(i2C @ai 2&rn( s%ia @eaC ar aAea % (%rin4 A
n(rgit gr%DaA i 2& &n s%i (e alean Ae2Bea *aian l&Ditan4 AAe@ % "ing&r b&2at (e
K2%r(a se2aLC i n& ti& 2&@ a@ '&tea s ne @ai 'r%2&r@ Are% 2teAaT4 =L&2r&l 2el @ai
si@'l&TC rs'&n(e (%2t%r&l4
"e s2&rse % s't@nC 2n( ntr<&n a@&rg %glin(it r%& 'e %lanele 2l(iril%rC (%2t%r&l Aeni 2&
Are% 2teAa b&2-tGP (e *aian4 N& era& =2%r(a se2aTC (ar Ae2Be i *r&@%as i a2eastaC (in
se2%l&l X!II4 A'%iC n alt Di 'e la a@iaDC el se n*iina 2& &n aer (est&l (e @isteri%s 3 ="
Aenii 2& @ineC Area& sa A art 2eAaM4
A@ &r2at n @aina l&i4 A@ l&at<% 'e<&n @are b&leAar(C la 2a't&l 2r&ia strj&ia stat&ia alb
a l&i D%n )e<(r%C rege al L&Ditaniei i @'rat al BraDiliei4 A@ %'rit intr<% sti(& lateral4
Ne<a@ (at j%s4 A@ &r2at 2& as2ens%r&l ntr<% 2l(ireC la al 2iO"ea 2iajC 2a@ aa 2&@ n Di&a
a2eea 2ani2&lar treb&ie Oa *i &r2at i argint&l Ai& n ter@%@etr&4 D%2t%r&l (tMl4iF<e % &C 2&
% 2Beie s2%as
(i
n b&D&narC 2a la el a2as4 Ani intrat ntr<&n 2%ri(%rC
&
n(e 2ir2&la& 'ers%ane
ne2&@ i42&teC 2aie 'ar2 %rbe2ia&
;C
(C ne(&@eritC (in % (a& j%s (e
'lin Di4 D%2t%r&lC * F <a(&s ntr<% 2a@er
i gsea@4 Ca@era era 2't&it
zn0 (in se2%l&l al X!III<7
=! 'la2e *aiana a2e3
=DaC @i 'la2eMC rs'
=At&n2iC % '&tei aAea
=OC n&MC @ grbes2C *2n( &n gest %are
4 iC =n<a@ 2e s *a2 2& att "iT4
=At&n2i alegei4 5a2eiC r%g&<AC 2te<&n se@nC 2& i n&lC 'e b&2ile 2e A 'la24 !i le a(&2 n
lDi 7e n @'a2Betate i sigilate4 ,est&l 9 Aa *i ar&n2at la g&n
+ @ n(e@naC l&at (e DelC (%2t%r&l4
Mi<arn ales (&' ins'iraia @%@ent&l&i Are% 2il
1 (e b&2i4 5aiana n*iaC 'e *%n( gris<@atC n
. albstri&M *l%riC 'sriC 2etiC 2%rbii4 Cn( a@ i (est&l (e ne(&@erit (e AiDita 2e<% *2&r@
ntr<%
I
i stranie 'entr& antenele @eleC a@ 2er&t (%2t%r&
ili2ail 3 Un(e a@ *%st H Al 2&i era a'arta@ent&l H 2&i 2l(irea H Cine era& %a@eniiC 2are 2ir2ii
.
=N& A *a2ei grijiMC Dise (%2t%r&lC =a@ * instit&t (e %rbiC al 2r&i @e(i2 s&nt4 N& A<a i*2C
( ni@eni i ni@eni n& Aa Ae(ea ni2i @neC ni2i j 4
*aiana a (is'r&t (e 'e 'ereiTC
N<a& tre2&t 'atr&De2i i %'t (e %reC i @ t
3<4 2& *aiana rn(&it n Are% De2e lDi 'e @s&r4
D&' alte (%&De2i i 'atr& (e %re (%2t%r&l Aeni n%&C (e asi(at &%r alar@at 3 =-tii 2
'r%'riei3L4 a (es2%'erit 2 a@ (at j%s *aiana4 -i a2&@ 2ere bi
=Dar 2&@ se *2& 2 a a*lat HT ntreb4 Ca s &' ts'&ns I =)r%'rietar&l a re@ar2at 'e gr@a(a
(s (in 2&rte b&2ile ar&n2ate4 D<A%astr snt2i (e AiM C b&ia sa le l&ai 'e t%ate4 Dar s n& A
*a2ei griji4 M A%i aranja 2& 2&@Aa 2& 'r%'rietar&l 2l(iriiT4
N& @i<a@ '&t&t st'ni ngrij%rarea (e a *i a@este2at ntr<% 2%ntraAenie la legea
@%n&@entel%r nai%nale ntr<% ar strinC &n(e re'reDenta@ 'e s&Aeran&l rii @ele4
D&' alte Are% 2teAa Dile (%2t%i&l (es2in(e 3 i<
iCa saC la legaieC 2a s<@i s'&n 3 =M<a@ LU
iOrietar&lT4
=Dai e&rn HT
M5%arte sJi@'l&4 l<a@ s'%W C@ (%b%rt *aiana *iin(2 C<j<a %ri2&@C 'rea Ae2Be4 -i i 'r%@is s
D&giaAes2 n<2'erea ntr<% 2&l%are @%(ein44 4
!e(eiC (%a@n AnaC a2easta 2 '%Aestea lDil%rCTn 2are AlAele (in M&nii A'&seni i<a&
Arsat 2l%tile 2& '&i (e a&r4 A2estea s&nt ne're&itele 2%@%ri 2e le a(&ser@ n
r
(Aane4 9
Dar n2 n& a@ n2Beiat4 Bas@&l U#'et%iMl&i l&DitanT al Ara2i&l&i (e la instit&t&l (e %ibiC @ai
're &n s2iOrtJ (ar *%arte interesant a(a%s4 N& @ai lrDi& (e2t (%i
an
i (e la n&@ireaC 2e i se
*2&se 'e % 2ale att (e regalC la n%i s<a& 'r%(&sO're2&@ A a@intiiC 2&n%s2&tele s2Bi@bri
n 2%n(&2erea rii4 ,egele (in bas@&l n%str& a aj&ns ntre 'ietrele (e @%ara ale ist%riei4
NeA%it s ab(i2eC 2i 'lea2 n s&rgBi&nC 'e 2are (%rea s i<l 'etrea2 'e 2%H a'&sean a
'enins&lei iberi2e4 ! a@intiiC (%aa AnaC 2&@C aj&ns n "'aniaC el *& rein&t i n2Bis ntr
2astel4 General&l 5ran2% n<a a&t%riDat tre2erea @ai 4 'arte a 5egel&i4 O j&@tate (e an @al
trDi& ai 2itit (esig&r i (<A%astrC n DiareC 2 regele a eAa(at (in "'ania i 27 eAa(area i<ar *i
*%st 'regtit 2& @< grije (e &n @e(ie l&Ditan4 N& 2re(eiC (%a@na ,areC 2 snt n(rit&it s
bn&ies2 2 a2el @e(i2 l&Ditan era (%2t%r&l 2areC 'entr& regele ,%@NnieiC se (e2lara gata a<i
ti(a i 'atria HL
x2&iba 'n n C@'&i 5r&@%asei n2e'&t (e L(i@ineaC 'e j%sC % *2&r@C e& i 2&
(%a@na Ana ,areC @ai trDi&C n b&n 'arte 2& &n a&t%b&D (%l(%ra (e ex2&rsi%niti4
!eBi2%l&l s*%rit%r %'rise s ne ia i 'e n%iC 2eU # 2e ne re(&se (in %stenealC (ar n a2elai
ti@' i (in 'l2ereaC 2& ni@i2 (e ase@&itC a 2&treierat&l&iC 'e j%sC 'e ln= a'C i iaiHi 'e
>ng a'C 2are rN@nea @erea a2eeai a'4
*
Le
In C@'&i 5r&@%asei ne 'ri@iC n 2&rtea 2asei 'rintetiC Le%nteC 2& ex'resia l&i (e bln(ee
(etaat (e 2ec<Are@elni2e4 D%a@na Ana i s'&se 2Biar (in 'ri@&l @%@ent 2 'e (r&@ a *%st
ntrein&t (in 'a!teR@i 2& bas@e (in 2ea @ai re2ent ist%rie a rii4 ntrebarea 2& 2are
*il%D%*&l % 'ri@i 'e (%a@na Ana *&sese 3 4CCe @ai *a2iC *ii2 a l&i )araeels HL A*la@ 'e
a2east 2ale 2 Le%nte
/0
i a2%r(a e'itet&l 2a &n Ae@nt 2e<i Aenea bine 'enii<aer&l eiC (ar i 'entr& 're%2&'rileC 2e<%
l%2aliDa& n alt ti@'C 'e la s*rit (e eA @e(i&4 Cl&Dit (e 'rin2i'ii i 'ara2elsian 2 'entr&
%ri2e b%al s<ar gsi &n lea2 se2n n nat&rC (%a@na Ana ,are se s'e2ialiDaseC @ai nainl%
2& Are% 2iAa aniC la % &niAersitate (in Ger@aniaC n st&(i&l 'lantel%r @e(i2inale4 a se2&n(a
ast*elC 2& % 'asi&ne *e@ininC 2er2etrile @ai a@'le ale s%&l&i t iC nat&ralist&l4
Le%nte ne<a 2%n(&s 'rin 2asa n 2are s<a ns2&t i &n(e N 2%'ilrit4 D&' &n '%'as %(iBnit%r
'rin r2%area n2'eril%rC a@ 2%b%rt iari n 2&rte4 D%rea@ s A( suria5 Intrn( n &rC
@ iDbi nt%2@ai 2a alt(at @ireI (tJ tri/oi &s2atC (e &nelteC (e *nC (e (&B%tC (% 'aieC rt
graj(4 DaC la *el 2a %(ini%arC 'rin anii (e (e@<4 I 2%'ilrie ne j&2a@ a(esea 'e st%g&l (e
sn%'i (e gr&4 'strat a2i s se &s&2e n rsti@'&l (e la se2eri 7 treierat4 CC"nte@ n
.0EEC (ar @ir%s&l a2esta e (in .01 2n( a@ 2l2at <i@a (at 'este 'rag&l &riiLC re@ar2 e A@
tre2&t n gr(in4 n @ijl%2&l ei @ s&r'rin(C 2%r%an &ria (e Aer(eaC &n n&2 @reC
2are 2&'rin( 4 2& &@bra l&i t%at li@ea gr(inii4 +r&n2Bi&l e gr% C n& '%ate *i 2&'rins 2&
braele4
K"tai '&inC Le%nteC s ne gn(i@ % leac5 D&' 2 @i a@intes2C A%i n<aAeai n gr(in ni2i
&n n&2 7L
44ntr<a(eArC 2n( a@ 'le2at n .01;4 (in sat3 n&2
3
n& eraLC ntrete Le%nte44444a 2res2&t sing&rC (in vrv
n&2 s2'at (e 2i%arC 2&@ s'&ne lelea "a*ta4 sta'iA4 (e astDi a gr(iniiL4
N& ne '&tea@ @ira n(eaj&ns (e a2east 'riAelite N&2&l &riaC 2& Aer(ele s& (ensC 2& ar%@a
l&i anr&ieC n2eta s *ie n&2C el (eAenea ti@'C ti@' 'al'abil4 ntr&'at n *aa n%astr4 -i<&n
a2elai 2&tre@&r ne Dg&(&i 'e t&streiC &n 2&tre@&r @eta*iDi2 al s&*let&l&i '&s 'e neate'tate n
*aa ti@'&l&i ntr&'at4
'ntorcndu-ne3 a*unser (in n%&C tre2n( 'rin &r4 n %gra(C &n(e n 2%lU&l 2asei se nla
odinioar un 2astan &riaC 2are a2&@ n& @ai era4 Iat iari 9 ti!ul3 /cut n2 % (at
'al'abilC (e ast dat 'rinlr<% li!s5
C&ta@ s n(r&@ 2%nAersaia ntr-alt !arte5 !%rbi@ (es're a2eti ani (e re*&gi&C (es're
ciuntirea B%tarel%rC (es're gr%aDa 2%tr%'iril%r (in a/ar5
21
Ni se @a2in s&*leteleC Di 2& Di4 i n%a'te 2& n%a'te LntrFe 'ietrele (e @%ar ale
i@'erialis@el%rLC Di2C K(ar n2er2@ s &it@4 Da2 @i<ar *i s'&s 2ineAa @ai (e @< 'rin
2
O
e
n2er2ri A%@ tre2e 2& t%iiC a *i 2reD&t 2N ase@enea s&*erini ni2i n& '%t *i n(&rate la niAel&l
2%ntiinei treDe4 <-i t%t&i le n(&r@4 -i 'rintre 'i2t&ri
ne
@ai n2ear2 &ne%ri 2Biar i 2te &n
s&rsC i 'rintre s/4ieri 2te<% b&2&rie4 C&@ se *a2e 2<n !re*urri 2a
s
i<n sit&aii 2a
a2esteaC 2n( ar treb&i s '&ne@ 2a'&l ia 'N@nt sa& s ne &rl@ n 'atr& Ant&ri a@r2i&nileC
se 'r%(&2e t%t&i 'entr& 2te<% 2li'LC @ira2%l&l &itrii HL
KMira2%l&l &itriiLC 2%@'leteaD Le%nteC Kse 'r%(&2e la *el i *a (e<% sit&aie @< @ai graA
i 'er@anentC n *aa @%riiL4
H%trir@ s ne 'li@b@ '&in 'rin sat4 Arta@ (%a@nei Ana ,are altea (in l%2&rile (e
j%a2 ale Kge@enil%rL4 A2%l% e @%ara 2& b&lb%anaC n 2are se ne2a& &ne%riC a'&2ai (e
Artej&riC 2%'ii (e a2eeai Arst 2& n%i4 C%l% e 2%ala 2%@&nal4 Lng ea 2asa @ea natalC (in
care @i<a@ l&at (r&@&l n l&@in4 )rin *aa 2asel%rC (e % 'arte i (e alta a &lieiC se grbes2
2li'%2in(C (%& 'rai2C (In 2are a(ie % agreabil r2%areC 2e @ inAit 'ar2 s @N (eDbra2
'n la 'iele4 Mir%s&l a2estei a'eC 2%<i are obr4ia n r&C treDete n @ine a@intirea &nei
ntregi e'%2iC 2are s<a (&sC s<a (&s4
KCn(C 2%'ilC &@bla@ (es2&l i @ bl2ea@L 'rin 'raie (e a' AieC n& 'reAe(ea@ Di&a
a2eastaC<aleasaC s AN a(&2 n sat&l @e&LC i s'&n (%a@nei Ana4 n rgaD&l (e<&n @%@entC
2n( Le%nteC /sn(&<ne sing&riC intr ta 're%t&l (in satC s ntrebe (e<% 2Bilie (e (%r@it 'este
n%a'te4 Ca s &r@eD 3 KDa2 a *i 'reAD&t at&n2i Di&a a2eastaC a *i a(%r@it (esig&r n a2eeai
2li'C 2Dn( ntr<&n s%@n l&ngC (e '%AesteC 2a s @ treDes2 a2&@ 2& %2Bii la D<A%astrL4
)&nea@Mn A%rba @ea4 2e se alegea (e la sineC &n rit@ (e Aersete4 B&Da (e s&s a D%a@nei
Ana ,are se ri(i2 ntr<% 'arteC (es2%'erin( &%r &n -ir (e (iniC *r 'riBanC ntr<&n %braD
trans*ig&rat (e
A
raj4 < 7
In n%a'tea a2eea (%r@ii ntr<% %(aie (in 2asa natalC (e@<C 'rsit (e a2eiC 'e 2are alt (at
i n&@ea@ ai
rn
%iC i 2are 2& t%ii a& aj&ns s&bt glie4 D%a@na Ana gsise 2&ib n 2asa '%'ii4 A
(%&a Di (&' a@iaD ne n<
A
E.
t%arser@ 2& &n a&t%b&D la C'lna4 "%&l (%a@nei An s%sise n 2t&n n2 nainte (e a@iaDC
2a s<i (&2I s%ia la Alba<I&lia4 )r%*es%r&l&i ,are i (eAenise *%ari in2%@%( naAeta
s't@nal ntre %ra&l (e 'e M&ri i sat&l (e @&nte4
''
D&'
(e rigoa
a neate'tat i 2& t%t&l n a*ara *%r@el%r a@nei Ana ,are la Alba<I&liaC sat&lC i 2are
sNlNUna@C i @i2%r 'ar2 DareaC n2t n& @ '&tea@ s<i s'&n (e2t 2t&n4 !%rbin(
(es're *%r@eiF ie rig%areC *a2 al&Die la @'rej&rarea 2 (%a@na AI 'le2aC *r (e<a @ an&na
i *r (e a<i l&a r@as b&nC 2a@ ia % %rC (%&C (&' 2e s%siser@ @'re&n ( C@'&i
5r&@%asei4 C&@H A (is'r&t *r a<@i tri@it &n 2&Ant H N<a aA&t rgaD&l (e a tre2e @2ar %
2li' 'e a n%i H @i era nAe(erat 2 'le2area aA& l%2 la (%riniII s%&l&iC (ar 2&@ se *a2e 2 ea
n<a @ai *%st n stare s 2ea2 'retext&l 'entr& % AiDit (e a(i% 7 5el&l (is'3<riiei (a (e bn&itC
i Dile (e<a rn(&l s&*let&l @i<a &@bl @%B%r4 B%areaC 2e btea 'rin 2t&n (&' asiin64 ( t%at
*r&nDa n (&ngC Aa aAea (e<a2&@ &n s&nF I 4 Ci&(at 2 @ai nainte 2& Are% 2teAa
s't@r
2t&n&l n& @i se 'r&se (el%2 '&sti&4 Dar 2teAa ntlni
a =F<% Di @'re&n &@'&ser 'eisaj&l 2& s&ri<s&l U AnHC )rin 'le2area ei s<a 'r%(&s
n 'eisaj
i2 (&rer%s4 Dar n&<@i arta@ ni@n&i rea5 )i-a s'&s 3 treb&ie s l&2reD4 n gradina (e
'e 'ri'%rC n 2a(r&l 2reia AeAeria @<a aj&tat s @ integreD 2& si@'li2itate ele@entarC @
(&2ea@ n . iC @ai ales nainte (e a@iaD4 )iesa @ea (e teatr& aAansa4 M '&sei n
2&rent 2& r&tile 2t&<
j&r&l
(intre sti<
Biile @%rale ale luii3 aa 2&@ le arta legen(a4 5ab&laia l&a % (eDA%ltare nea4te!tat3
atrgn( n L<<ai&ra ei a@<
nte
g%s'%(retiC 2ereti<s&aAe sa& (e<&n realis@ gr%<s2 +%3ite a2este (etalii &r@r4& s *ie
%rganiDate ntr<2
2:
o-
te"C4 XOMte &A<t<ai2 &A<]&i &n&O&M 8# 4K 9
(
<<<<<<<<<< <<<<<<O
AiDi&ne (e ansa@bl& i(eal i (e se@ni*i2aii 2%s@i2e4 Un aer @isti2 treb&ia s 'l&teas2 'este
t%ate4 Iar 'entr& 2a ansa@bl&l s (%bn(eas2 % n%t (e Aer%si@ilitateC *ab&laia treb&ia s se
'tr&n( (e<&n *in &@%rC F2are s ntrein n s'e2tat%r&lC 2are ar &r@ri a2i&neaC &n
an&@e s2e'ti2is@ 2it 'riAete interAenia re'etat a @ira2&l%s&l&iC interAenie 2e t%t&i se
'r%(&2eC s're 2%*ster<narea @inii snt%aseC la *ie2e 'as4 )iesa era 2%n2e'&t 'e j%2 (e
n&aneC ea 2ereaC (e la &n 2a't la alt&lC @ijl%a2e si@'leC 'ri@areC (ar n a2elai ti@' (e
s&'re@ ra*ina@entC att 2a ntr&2Bi'are 2t i 2a ex'resie4 5antasti2&l &r@a s (%bn(eas2
Airt&i 2& t%t&l *iretiC iar eAeni@ent&l b%ntC 2%ti(ianC treb&ia s 'ri@eas2 % i@'%n(erabil
a&r @agi24 Aa<@i si@ea@ 'iesaC i ea 2retea Aertigin%sC 2a (intr<% s@n iniialC n 2are
'n @ai ieriC alaltieriC 'al'ita& (%ar latene44 C& ase@enea gn(&ri @i 'etre2ea@ 2eas&rile
'e 'ri'%r4 -i n rsti@' (esl&ea@ &ne%riC 2& a&D&lC j%s n a'a r&l&iC salt&l nit al 'str<
A&l&iC i a(eseaC 2a@ 'e la a2eeai %rC b&b&it&l AagC s&bteranC 2& 2are se re'er2&ta& 'ar2
s&bt tl'ile @ele b%@bar(a@entele (in !alea )raB%Aei4
)&sese@ 2& B%trre 'aADa 2t%rAa @&ni ntre ine i ist%ria 2e se *2ea 2& atta Arsare (e
snge i *%2 'e attea ntins&ri 2te n2a' 'e s2%ara '@nt&l&i44 Aeni@enteleC 2el '&in 2ela
@ai nse@nateC i tri@itea& nsC 'e (i*erite 2iC e2%&rileC 'n n &re2Bea @ea4 N& rare%ri
era@ ast*el s2es (in (ra@a l&i N%e i atras n 2ealalt (ra@C a Aieii ist%ri2e4 naintarea 'iesei
@ele 2erea &ne%ri n%i elan&riC 2e se A%ia& 'regtite 'rin re2&legeri4 At&n2i % l&a@ la 'li@bareC
'e r& n s&sC 'n la Cet&ie4 )e<&n Air* r%t&n( (e @&nteC n& (e'arteC ieiser la iAeal n anii
(in &r@C (e s&bt trn2%a'e Barni2eC r@iele &nai 2eti strAe2BiC te *2ea 'arte (in
siste@&l 2entr7C (e a'rareC al str@%il%r n%tri (a2i4 Cl2n( 'este 2i%b&ri (e AaseC (e l&t
arsC al&ne2a@ 2& n2Bi'&irea4 @'%triAa AreriiC n alt (ra@C (e 2%tit&rC 'e 2ale (e<a n2e'e4
ra A%rba (es're s%arta stir'ei4 M *r@nta ntrebareaC (a2 n& 2&@Aa ne a'r%'ie@ (e %
rs2r&2e ase@nt%are a2eleiaC 2e i<a lsat Aestigiile s&bt tl'ile @ele H @i s'&nea@
&ne%ri 2 n tre2&t 2%n(iiile a& *%st t%i &i altele (e2t astDi4 )%'%r&l n%str& a re&it n
tre2&tC (e
2;
!+*tO 2teAa %riC s se retrag in 'reist%rie4 ra& 'e @&ni4 i n 2%(riC l%2&ri (est&leC &n(e
'r%2es&l (e re2&lare si '&tea 2%ns&@a ntr<% ne'sare t%tal R*a (e @r*iiM K(&<te<Ain%L al
Kist%rieiLC 2e 2e @b&lDea 'e 2i@'iile n%astre4 Dar astDi H !%r @ai ng(&i *%r@ele 2iAiliDai i
i teBni2a @%(ern (in&irea &n%r atari l%2&ri H -i (a2 @iC at&n2i 2e se Aa nt@'la H
?ntrebrile (e a2est s%i era& @<e i se a@'li*i2a&C strnin( n s&*let&l @e& % 'ani2C 2e @
silea s 2%b%r (e 'e 2et&ieC a'r%a'e n salt&ri4 ra@ &r@rit (e aAalana 'ietrel%r (eDln&ite
(e @ine ns&@iC srin( n j%s (e 'e<% stn2 'e alta4 "%sea@ a2as abt&t i (eAenea@ 'entr&
2eas&ri n ir &rs&D i @%n%silab4 A2east @are a@r2i&neC n 2are a@este2a@ ngrij%rri (e
stir'eC era s'%rit (e atterI tristei 'ers%naleC 'e 2are n&@ai s&rs&l (%a@nei Ana le<ar *i '&t&t
alina4 Dar (%a@na Ana gsea 'r%babil 2 i<a n(e'linit @isi&nea 3 i<a risi'it s&rs&l in 'eisaj
i s<a na'%iatC la (%rina s%&l&iC la Alba<I&lia4 C
In Di&a (e 8 i&nie 'ri@ii % telegra@ (e la Cl&jC (e la (%a@na O2taAia Oltean&4 M *eli2ita (e
Di&a @ea natMla tare tre2&se nere@ar2at (e 2ei (in j&r&l @e&4 Dar si&a @ea era 'entr&
(%a@na Oltean&C 'r%babilC @ai @< &n 'retext s<@i (ea &n se@n 2 KtriaL i 2 n& a 2D&t
Ai2ti@ b%@bar(a@ent&l&iC 2r&ia Cl&j&l i *&sese s&'&s n Di&a 2n(C (e la C'lnaC
&r@rea@C 'rintre *&nigei (e stani%lC retragerea @asiA a b%@bar(ierel%r angi%<anit<ri2ane4
D%a@na Oltean& era tnra s%ie a &n&i 'r%*es%r (e te%l%gie4 )ere2Bea r@sese n .0E1 la
Cl&jC B%trl s n(&re %2&'aia @agBiarC 'e 2are 2& t%ii % 'ei@ea& e*e@er4 n t%a@na
an&l&i .0E/ (%a@na Oltean& tre2I B 2Bi' 2lan(estin *r%ntieraC 'rin Aa@a L2&2&l&iC 'rintr<%
'(&reC 'e (eal&l 5elea2&l&i4 D%rea s<i AiDiteDe @a@a ntr<% l%2alitate n& (e'arte (e "ibi&C
(ar t%t%(at s<i (%@%leas2 (%r&l 2a@ r%@ani%s (e l&@ea r%@Nneas2a 2&'rins 'e<at&n2iC
(at%rit 2i&ntiril%r (e B%tareC (e<% re2r&(es2en a 'atri%tis@&l&i ini@%s4 D%a@na Oltean& se
n2er2a n Aers&ri (2<% labilitate stilisti2 2e<% si t&n n*re 44s@nt%ris@L i '%eDia
CC@%(ernL4 Din Cl&j&l C t ea i tri@itea Aers&rile la "ibi&C la reAiste 2e a'a<a2i4 N& a@
2&n%s2&t<%C 2t a@ stat la Cl&G nainte
22
rj
e
re*&gi&4 !ers&rile ei nAe(era& s2li'iri (e talent4 C&
%2aD
ia es2a'a(eiC n 2are se aAent&rase
2lan(estin 'nN T la "ibi&C @ treDii ntr<% Di 2& AiDita eiC n l%2&ina 2e<%
a
Aea@ n& (e'arte (e
D&@braA4 D%a@na Oltean& tia s se *a2 interesant 'rin (is2&iile 2r%ra ea se 'ri2e'ea s
le 'streDe &n aer (e i@'r%AiDaie4 ra (e 2&rn( li2eniat n te%l%gie4 "t&(iile i le<a *2&t la
Cl&jC 2& '&in ntNrDiereC (ar 2& real 'asi&ne4 O <<4
5e@eile 2& st&(ii te%l%gi2e era& % a'ariie n%& 'e @eleag&rile n%astreC i 2aD&l @ interesa
'rin 2eea 2e '&tea s il&streDe4 Ca % instigaie la re'li2C a@ r%stit % 'rere 2& 'riAire la relaia
(intre '%eDie i te%l%gie 3 K(&2aia ntr& te%l%gie '%ate *i *%arte *ertil 'entr& &n '%etC 2&
2%n(iia 2a '%et&l s n& r@n n eaFL4 -i a(&gai 3 +e%l%gia '%ate *i &n @are iDA%r (e
ins'iraieC (a2 '%et&l i 'streaDC *a (e eaC (istana ne2esar i libertatea 2reat%areFF4
)rerile @eleC a@ neles a2easta n&@ai<(e2tC e2BiAala& 'entr& (%a@na Oltean& 2& %
blas*e@ie4 Ceea 2e reieea (e alt*el i (in re'li2a 2e @i<% serAi 3 K5a (e reAelaia (iAin n&
aAe@ ni2i &n (re't la libertate 2reat%areL4 !e(ea@ (in re'li2a a2easta 2 ea @bria ntreg
2%r'&l (%2trinar al %rt%(%xiei 2& % 2re(in (e Bab%tni24 NiAel&l ei intele2t&al ri(i2atC aAea
t%t&i 2eAa K'r%Ain2ialL4 Cn( a (at s 'le2eC n(&'le2at (e 'l2&ta ei n*iare *e@ininC i<a@
s'&s 2 inteni%na@ i e& s iesC 2 Area&C (e2iC s<% ns%es2 'n n %ra4 )retexta@ 2 a aAea
2eAa (e l&2r& la UniAersitate4 D%a@na Oltean&C (egajat 'rin @i2ri i (e<% 'r%s'ei@e
*iDi%n%@i2C 'e 2are te%l%gia n& iDb&tise s<% (r@eC se art (e%sebit (e b&2&r%as (e s2&rta
'li@bareC 2e aAea@ s<% *a2e@ @'re&n4 A@ 2%n(&s<% 'n la l%2&ina la 2are a tras
'rieteneteC la % *a@ilie sibian4
)e (r&@ @i @rt&risiC tre2n( 'este inBibiii i *2n( al&DiiC 'e &n t%n 2%@batiAC la (is2&ia
n%astr anteri%arC 2 n %'erele @%le '%eti2e a gsit @<e ele@ente te%l%gi2e4 A2east
(es2%'erire a trans*%r@at<% n se2ret Ka(@irat%areLF 3 KN&@ai a2east a(@iraie @<a *2&t s
tre2 *r%ntieraC traAestit n rn2&4 A@ Aenit la "ibi& an&@e 2a s A 2&n%s2 i s ia&
n(r&@ri ntr& '%eDieL4 ,s'&n6n(4 @i<a@ 're2iDat '&n2t&l (e Ae(ere 3 Kste )i2a a(eArat
2 'rin %'erele @ele '%eti2e 2ir2&l i I ele@ente te%l%gi2eC (ar a2estea le &tiliDeD n s'irit&l
libertii 2reat%areC i n& n s'irit (%g@ati24 n as'iraia
2I
@ea (e a<rni trans'&ne tririle @eta*iDi2e n si@b%l&ri @%(i*i2 (&' ne2esiti '%eti2e t%ate
ele@entele te%
.
la 2are se<@@'l s re2&rg rte%(atL4 Cre(ea@ la (es'rire 2 n& ne A%@
@ai ntlni i a (%&a %ar4
A (%&a Di 9 @ treDii ns 2& AiDita (%a@nei Otean& n bir%&l @e& se@inarial (e la
UniAersitate4 "&in( tre'tele a a(&nat n %braji n& ti& 2e 'al%are4 )reaC n %rie 2aDC nelinitil4
AeDn(&<se 'e<&n s2a&n n *aa @eaC @i 2er& iertare 2 ab&DeaD (e 'rietenia 2& 2are a@
'ri@it<% 3 KMai sta& (%ar '&ine DileC i n& Area& s 'ier( ni2i &n 'rilej (e a sta (e A%rb 2& D<
A%astrC 2& t%ate 2 A%i 2%ntin&a s r@n 'e '%Diia @ea (%g@ati2C 2t 'riAete te%l%giaL4
K)rerea @eaLC i rs'&n(C Kr@ne i ea a2e<2aiei n&<i 'riete (e2t libertateaL4
K!<sra a(&s nite Aers&riLC &r@ eaC C4'e @%tiAe (in A%l&@&l <i@ al (<A%astr4 Le<a@ s2ris
ast4n%a'te (&' ntUnir%a (e ieri4 @i (ai A%ie s A s2ri& Aers&ri H -ti4I r ai n2Binat
Aers&ri i &n%r *e@ei4 N& ate't s<@i s2riei i @ie4 A *i nentat s *i& ntia *e@eieC 2ai2
Area ea s A n2Bine Aers&riL4
K,%l&l a2esta @<ar 2a@ stnjeniLC i rs'&n(C Ki s Ae(ei (e 2e 7L M %'rii '&inC 22i n& 'rea
ntreDrea@ 2&@ treb&ia s<@i *%r@&leD 'er'lexitatea (ile@ati2C i enr'e @<a a(&s 2& %*erta ei4
K-tiiC e& 2re(ea@ 'n a2&3 3 2 n&@ai *e@eile '%t s ins'ire '%eDie4 -i a2&@ @ si@i *%arte
(eranjat4 2a i 2&@ @i s<ar *i s2Bi@bat sex&lC '2<ate rarisi@ i (e %r(inea @ira2%lel%rC la
2areC 'ni astDi n2C n& @<a@ gn(itC ni2i%(atL4
A@ rs sa2a(at a@n(%iC n a2ela rit@4 Dar n 2li'a &r@t%areC (%a@na Oltean& re2D& n
starea ei e2BiAalent 'I4l%rii (in %braji4 )&nea n glas &n t%n 2are a'r%a'eH 2 n& @ai era
ex'resia &nei stri %bin&ite (e l&2i(itate4 &ri (e *raDeC 2e se (es'rin(ea& 2a (intr<i (e
4transF
.
4 C se gsea n trans sa& n 2eAa ase<
se (%Ae(ea 2Biar at&n2i 'rintr<% 2%in2i(ent &t4 In bir%& aAea s intre asistent&l @e&C "i<
)&in 2a@ s&r'rins (e 'reDena ne2&n%s2i<%a'e &l&it (e ex'resia (e extaD a AiDitat%are
@atinaleC el l& l%2 la bir%&l s&C (e &n(e '&tea s &r@4FC reas2 n A%ie s2enaC *2n(&<se 2 n&
%bserA 2eea 2e F 'et*e2e4 D%a@na Oltean& a'r%a'e 2 ni2i n& l&a a2 ( intrarea asistent&l&i4
C%ntin&a s A%rbeas2C n %a't @%n%t%nC 2a intr<&n liri2 K(e 'r%*&n(isLC n *raDe ntre<
EY
teC s*iate 2a (e<% s&*erin i (e n%stalgieC (es're
r
t1i%siLera a'st%are n 2are e 2%nstrns
s res'ire .. +l&i4 i (es're eliberarea s&*leteas2 2e % si@te (e 2lnri strbt&t (esi&l Aer(e al
*r%ntierei 9 KDe ieriCC (in 2li'a 2n( A<arn 2&n%s2&tC sntei 'entr& @ine t%t&lC 2& t%iale I n& a@
(el%2 intenia (e a 2a'it&la 2t 'riAete te%j% giaL4 9 n 2%n(iiile (ate era 2aD&l s<% s2&t&r
'&in4 -i % *2&i 2& @n&i4 I<a@ 2er&t A%ie s<i 'reDint 'e asistent&l @e&4 D&' *%r@alitatea
(e rig%are a 'reDentijiC 2aMe n& aA& (ar&l s<% treDeas2C ea se n(rji s A%rbeas2C r'itC ea<n
li@bi (e r&saliiC i nelsn(&<@ (in %2BiC 'ar2 ar *i l&at n sl'nirea Ae(erii ei n& ti& 2e
2%@%arC 'e 2are n<ar rnai *i A%it s<% 'iar(4 n2er2ai 'e<&n t%n re2e s<% n(r&@ s're &n
s&bie2t s&s2e'tibil (e<% (is2&ieC 'e 2t 2& '&tin n 2%ntra(i2t%ri&C (ar n(r&@area n& 'rinse4
"2Bi@bai strategia i @ 2Dnii s<% s2%t (in @%n%l%gC atingn( &n '&n2t sensibil al Aanitii ei
*e@inine4 Dial%g&l n& se n*iina ni2i a2&@ @ai 2& te@eiC (ar 2el '&in % treDii I
K! t%t 'riAes2C (%a@n O2taAiaC i treb&ie s 2%a<stat 2 aAei n n*iare n& ti& 2e linii
taBitan2 7L
KGsii HFS @i rs'&nse eaC Ks tii F2 ai gL3 2eAaL4
KC&@ a(i2 HL % ntreb @iratC n ti@' 2e @i s'&nea@ 3 s<a 'rins4
K!e(eiC 2& s&ntC %@enete A%rbin(C % stranie 2%r2it&rC @a e r%@Nn2 nea%C +at<@e& nsC
'e 2are n<aA4&i r%2&l s< 2&n%s2C era 2Biar (in O2eaniaC &n %*ier 2are a 2%lin(at 's<ai2iC 2&
tr&'ele aliateC la s*rit&lF 'ri@&l&i 3b%i @%n(ialC &n ne%Deelan(eDC 2are aAea ns n el
sArat snge (e ins&lar4 i a 'le2atC 're2&@ a AenitC 2a 2ntee lang&r%s (in la@ (e @etalC a(&s
(e AntC i (&s (e Ant4 Ma@a sing&rC @<a 2res2&tC Ma@a e % *e@eie Fgi%asC 2are @ai
ntreine i astDi asi(& 2%res'%n(en 2& nite @nstiri at%niteC 'entr& 2are strnge (anii (e
la 2re(in2i%ii satel%r4 re(itatea @ea e (&blC i<i Fin (e te%l%gie i (e n%stalgii %2eani2e4 Ieri
a@ a'ratC n&@ele &neia (in ere(itiC te%l%giaC *a (e nenelege<iea D<A%asBC astDi la
n(e@n&l 2eleilalte @ A%i n<L2e n %(aia &n(e l%2&ies2C la 'rietenii @ei sibieni4 Fn( A%i
r@nea sing&r n %(aieC @ A%i (eDbr2a i<@i L%i (ansa n *aa %glinDiM b&2&ria (e a A *i
2&n%s2&t4 tar *tiine A a(&2 alte Aers&riL4 @i ntinse @na i 'le2C
2C
n @%@ent&l 'le2rii se a(&n ntr<attaC 2 ntinse @iia i asistent&l&i4
n Dilele &r@t%are (%a@na Oltean& a @ai tre2&t 'e . j bir%&l @e& se@inarial4 A(&2ea Aers&ri
n%i (e *ie2are (ata4 ra& n @are 'arte 2%ntra*2&te (&' '%eDii (e<ale @ele4 Mai @<C era&
&n *el (e Kre'li2iLC abile si '%eti2eC (ar 44re'li2iL4 a rs'&n(ea la attea (in a'el&rile liri2e
a(resate a2eleiaC 'e 2are % n&@ea@ K'rietena '%eDieiL4 N& '&tea@ s<@i4 l@&res2 2aD&l (e2t
n sens&l 2 (%4*i@nIi O2taAia Oltean&C Ai2ti@a &n&i ra't (e KtransLC inea s se s&bstit&ie
a2elei 'rietene a '%eDiei4
D%a@na O2taAia insista 2& *%2 s<i nt%r2 AiDitele @2ar 2& &na sing&r i an&@e n l%2alitatea
ei natal (in a'r%'ierea "ibi&l&iC &n(e se (&2ea 2& tren&l n *ie2are (&' a@iaDC i (e &n(e
reAenea la "ibi& 2& nti&l tren (e (i@inea4 O 2&ri%Ditate ne2larC @ai @< (e2t atra2ia
ex%ti2C @<a @inat ntr<a2%l% ntr<% (&' a@iaD4 D%a@na Oltean& @ ate'ta la garC 're2&@
ne nejesese<A@4 )e aleea 2e (&2ea n l%2alitateC *%nea& s&bt 'aii n%tri *r&nDe &s2ate4
KCe tnr s&nteiC (%a@n O2taAiaC i (<A%astr a22e'tai % AiDit att (e t%@nati2 HL
KD<A%astr s&ntei n a*ar (e %ri2e ArstLC rs'&n(e eaC CCa@F ant%ne s'e2iale 'entr& %a@enii
'e taie n&<i atinge ti@'&lL4 S
CCl@i atrib&iiC 2& alte 2&AinteC as'iraii (e Aiit%are stat&ieC i Arei s @ @g&lii 7FF i s'&nC 2&
%arei2are @elan2%lie4
KCBiar aa 7LF *a2eC<eaC 'rinDn(&<@ la bra4
C%nAersaia a'&2 a'%i 'e 2alea ntN@'lril%r 2%ti<(iane4 Intrar@ ntr<% 2&rteC 2& 2as n *aC
i ari'i l&ngi 2l(ite 'e a@bele 'ri4 n 2&rte n& era ni@eni4 Intr<% %(aieC @ai (inainteC a 2aseiC
*&i 'reDentat (e 2tre (%a@na O2taAiaC @a@ei eiC btrni2a 2e ntreinea % 'i%as
2%res'%n(en 2& 2l&gri ne2&n%s2&i (in laAre s&s'en(ate (eas&'ra Mrii geeC i 2are
2D&se la @ania (e a strnge (anii 'entr& M&ntele AtB%s4
KDe la ea a@ (ar&l s2ris&l&iLC in& s @ l@&re%s2r4i (%a@na O2taAiaC K(e la tal a a@
n%stalgiileL4
KAi i ai2i % %glin( n *aa 2reia i (anseDi b&2&riile HL ntrebC tre2n( la % 2%nAersaie la
'ers%ana a (%&a sing&larC (&' 2e @a@a ei ne 'rsi 'e @%tiA 2 ar aAea treb&ri (e (es2&r2at
la 'ri@rie4
20
jN<arn neA%ie 'ret&tin(eni (e %glin(C l&2r&l 'rin2i<=alFeste s n& '%t (eDbr2aC s *i&
(egajatC 2a taBita<nele< Cn( @ si@t (es'%iat 9 s2BieD n&@ai(e2t (ans&lC (ar i 2n( @
ia % @are b&2&rieC 2&@ este b&2&ria @eaC (e<a2&@4 Ce @< te<ai lsat r&gat 7L O2taAia i
'%triAi '&in Ae@nt&lC &%rC 2a % B%rb%tC 2*i<l '&rtaC i n2e'& s (anseDe n *aa @eaC 2are
@ aeDase@ 2%@%( ntr<&n *%t%li&4 ra br%nDat (e s%are i (&' 2Bi' 'rea I
n
tr<a(eAr Y
ins&larC %2eani24 Dans&l ei se re(&2ea ns la @i2ri s&@areC 2e (%Ae(ea& @ai @<
elasti2itateC (e2t graieC i 2ari n& 'rea a(&2ea& a 2%re%gra*ie ne%Deelan(eDC ti' @a%ri4
Ur@rea@ (ans&l i<@i i@'&nea@ % jiast la re2e4 O2taAia i re'eta s2Be@ati2 i 2& St/a-
g2ii 2%l&r%ase '&in&l ti&tC *r a aj&nge la i@'r%AiDaii is'itit%areC n stare a @ s@&lge (in
4Cin(i*erenL4 Ne'sarea @ea 'reaC (esig&rC t%talC (ar era n b&n 'arte j&2at4 D&' %
g%an (ansat 'rin 2a@eraC O2t%<AiaC &%r %b%sitC se aeD 'e<&n s2a&n n *aa @ea4
KM ntreb 2&@ n2a' ntr<% sing&r *iina atita te%l%gie i atta n%stalgie 7L i<s'&n
D@bin(4 44" tii n 2 eti *%arte *r&@%as 7FF
K-i *%arte (eD@atC n&<i aa HL @ in2it ea ,v A%rb4 -i A%rbele tre2ea& (e la @ine
la ea i (e la ea @ine4 M an&na 9 a 2ita %ar 9 2 n 2&rn( se nt%ar2e Ga Cl&j4 La s%&l eiC
'r%*es%r&l (e te%l%gieC %@ nAatC Bab%tni2 2a &n rabinC i br&tal4 -i @i<l (es2riaC n& 'rin
e'iteteC 2i 'rin *a'te 3 C4l ia *&ria (e 2te %ri @ s&r'rin(e s2riin( Aers&ri4 !eDi 'e t@'la
@^>a a2e43 &r@ (e 2i2atri2e H Mi<a l&sat<% elC ar&n2n( %(at 2& % 2li@ar (e @etal (&'
@ine iL
-i iari 2(ea O2taAia n transa ei liri2C @&r@&rn( *rnt&ri (e *raDeC Aers&riC re*ren&riC 2& t%t
attea n2 2ariC (ib&iriC tat%nriC n Ae(erea a2el&iai s2%' 3 A%iaC 2re(C s aiie 2a@ 2e s%ri
(e s&22es ar aAeaC (a2 s<ar %*eri 3
K-tii la 2e @<a@ gn(it Dilele a2estea H In 2&rn( % s 'le24 A Area s a@ 2eAa (e la tine 7L
UIDb&tise n s*r<it s @ t&t&ias2V4
Arn ex2la@at 3 KD%a@neC (ar neb&n @ai eti 7L
+i@' (e % l&nC (e (%&C O2taAia i<a t%t a@nat n<t%ar2eiea la Cl&j4 Inteni%na s trea2
na'%iC 'rin '(&rile 5elea2&l&iC traAestit n ran24 i a@nN nt%ar2erea in s'erana 2 KAa
aAea 2eAa (e la @ineL4 N<a
E0
'&tea s'&ne 2 n& era a(e@enit%areC (ar (e 2te %ri % Ae(ea@ arDn(C 2a<ntr<% 'ierDanieC @
stingBerea 2 t%ate iniiatiAele er%ti2e era& (e 'artea ei4 M 'li@ba@4 &ne%ri 2& ea 'rin
D&@braAa "ibi&l&iC 2n( @i re2ita (in Aers&rileC 2e @i le *2ea4 U@bln(C 'rin a@&rg&riC 'e
@<e 2rriC se ngBes&ia n @ineC 2a % aAalan liri2C n 2are s&r'rin(ea@C (in 2n( n 2n(C
2r@'eie (
3
n '%eDiile @ele4 Din '2ateC O2taAiaC *%arte 're%2&'at (e (eDA%ltarea i etalarea
(ar&ril%r ei '%eti2eC n& inea (el%2 s @ sti@&leDe i 'e @ine la % n%& '%eDie4 Di@'%triAC
@i s'&nea a(esea 3
K+& n& @ai treb&ie s s2rii ni@i24 +& ai (at t%t&F44 A2&@ e rn(&l @e& s 2ntL4
ntr<% Di @%B%rt (e n%ie@brieC bt&C t%t&iC 2e 'le2rii4 Din 5elea2C O2taAia @i @ai tri@ise %
Aeste 'e 2arte '%tal 3
VI
)este &n 2eas A%i l&a<% s're AaleC 'rin ANttt*a 2&2&l&i4 M A%i 2&*&n(a
n '(&re 2a n&r<% aI t&lb&reC nAl&rat4 )%ate 2 @ Aa atinge &n g &ng&res24 N<a
aAea ni@i2 @'%triA s @ ttt*in2 S *&rni2ileL
'
kinn( telegra@a O2taAiei n @nC @i (a
j
I 2t (e re'e(e s<a& ters (e 'e (is2&l (e 2ear al
@en riei &r@ele glas&l&i4 N& '&tea@ s i<l real23 3
la n(e@n era %2Bi&l&i rne& interi%r n*iarea eiC 2 D&t4 nsC i a2easta n @area 'en&@brC
s're 2are J4L ne2 t%t&l4 +elegra@a n& aA& (ar&l s @ @ite4 I n 'al@ se @ai 'stra %
a@intireC 2a (e 2ati*eaC a e (er@ei %2eani2e4
)rin as%2iaia *ireas2 a gn(&ril%r se treDi nF n a@intirea 2a'&l&i bl%n( al asistent&l&i @e&4
"%arta BF "i@i%n Bar( @i 2&nase griji *r sea@ n h (in &r@4 D%a@na O2taAia
Oltean& se gsea n2 la "ibi&C 2n( "i@i%n Bar(C (&' % a@n&nit 'ere la (%@i2ili&C *&
ri(i2at (e agenii sig&ranei4 Arestarea l&i strni @are AlA n t%t %ra&lC i@'li2n(&<@ i L
@ine n 2ele @ai (enate DA%n&ri4 M<a@ interesat ns&@i la -e*&l "ig&ranei 2& 'riAire la
@%tiAele 2e ai '&t&t (&2e la senDai%nala arestare4 "i@i%n Bar( i a2&DatC ni2i @ai @<C ni2i
@ai '&inC (e2t (e a2i&ni s&bAersiAe @'%triAa %r(inei (e stat4 +reb&ie s re2&<
>1
Ba
'r^
@ re cu
ji%s2 2C (in &nele 2%nAersaii a@i2aleC 2e le aAea@ &ne<
%r
j 2& elC @i era ntr&2tAa ti&t 2
"i@i%n Bar(a se a&sea 'e '%Diii i(e%l%gi2e (e extre@ sting4
n2BinatC 2& inter@iteneC '%eDieiC i &n%r 'r%ble@e a(ia2ente (e esteti2 literarC abs%rbit
(e 2aDnele s2ris&l&iC @&n2it (e 2te<% ri@C 2e n& A%ia s se n*iineDeC sa& (e 2a(ena Are&nei
*raDeC 2e n& A%ia s intre n ti'ar&l (%ritC tria@ 'e<at&n2i @ai @< n Kt&@&li @e& i@aginarC
(e2t n s'ai&l 're%2&'ril%rC (e la % Di la altaC ale %btei4 CBesti&nile (e i(e%l%gie
'%liti2 i (e 'arti(C 2e se reD%lAa& n alternatiAe br&tale i trana iteC gsea& n @ine @ai
@< &n in(i*erentC (e2t &n *ei ,egistr&l i(eil%r '%liti2eC 'entr& 2are %'ta@C *r ^ angajaC era
(est&l (e largC (ar ex2l&(ea ex*a*e@is@&7 2re(ea@ 24 b%leAis@&l '%ate *i % salAare 'entr&
Din 2%ntrC ntr<% atare eAent&al (es*&rare Ae^ '&r i si@'l& 2erta n%astr 'ieire4 L&i "i
2are era asistent&l @e&C i se ns2enase (in + r%r&i&i @ilitar &n 'r%2es senDai%nal4 C& t%i (e
i(eileC 'entr& 2are "i@i%n Bar( 'le(a %2BiC i<a@ l&at n 2&rs&l 'r%2es&l&i a'rri 'asi&nea
i 2& ris2&l (e a *i ns&@i i@'li2aiC 4 la 2are n& 'arti2i'ase@ n ni2i &n *elC i 2are @i r4 seser
ne2&n%s2&te4 A@ 'r%2e(at ast*elC n& *iin(2 *i 2reD&t 'e "i@i%n Bar( 2& t%t&l neAin%AatC ei
'e (rag%stea 'rieteneas2C 2e<i '&rta@4 52ea@ a'% &nei inteligene4 l%gia@
s&'erlatiA 'regtirea ini t&al a &n&i tnr n 2are e& Ae(ea@ @ai @< &n BegelianC (e2t &n
@arxist4 !%rbea@ 2& ent&Dias@ (es're Aiit%r&l 2e i<l ntreDrea@4 In 2i&(a a'rrii abileC
s&sin&t (e (iAeri aA%2aiC 2are @i<a& a(%'tat arg&@enteleC "i@i%n Bar( *& 2%n(a@nat la
%'t ani n2Bis%are grea4 A2east 2%n(a@nare treb&ia a're2iat t%t&i 2a &n s&22es al a'rriiC
22i n aj&n&l 'r%2es&l&i DA%n&rile bea& (es're 'e(ea'sa 2a'ital4
)ri@in( telegra@a (e la (%a@na Oltean& UO^ taZ trans*%r@aseC 'entr& @ineC (in n%& n
(%a@na OltF @i rea@intii 2& ngrij%rare (e "i@i%n4 )%triAit i@aginiC 2e str&ie n n%i (in
Aea2&ri (e (e@<4 n2Bi'&ia@ 'e "i@i%n n 2t&i i n lan&riC leC b&t&2C 2are la rn(&l
s& era int&it (e<% @%arC 2are la rn(&l ei era '%triAit n '%(eaFCI 2i&l&iC 2a % 'l%@b
&ria ntr<%
>.
A%r<
se B&V
nei
i-l
teat/t nsC (e%2a@(atC s n2e' ni2i % n%& a2i&ne 'entr& &&rarea strii in2%@%(e a l&i
"i@i%n Bar(4 Mai ate'tai Are% 2in2i s't@ni4 2n(C (intr<&n DA%nC 2are t%r2ea 2a Aers&l
'%'&lar (in g&r n g&rC a*lai 2 (%a@na )area M&rean&C @e@br n 2%nsili&l (e 'atr%<
2re iniia i %rganiDa 2& 'ri2e'ere attea (in a2i&nile (e bine*a2ere 'rin t%at araC s<ar *i
gsin( (e Are% 2teAa Dile la Alba<I&lia4 H%tri s @ re'e( 'n in 2etatea (e 'e M&re4 O
interAenie 'e 2alea a2easta !entru % reAiD&ire a 'r%2es&l&i l&i "i@i%n Bar( n& @i se 'r&
2Biar li'sit (e s%ri (e iDbn(4 Mrt&rises2 2 la B%trrea @ea l&at n grab 2%ntrib&ia (in
'lin i (%rina 2e<% '&rta@ 'rin tainiele ini@iiC (e a reAe(ea 'e (%a@na Ana ,are4 A (%&a Di
'le2a@ s're Alba<I&lia4 La @ijl%2&l l&nii l&i C&'t%r @ai 'l&tea n2 s&r<"/4il lsat (e 2ineAaC
'e la s*rit&l l&nii @aiC 'ret&tiri deni3 n 'eisaj&l (e la C'lna4
+re2&iC 2&@ era n%r@alC i 'rin C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 Si2<@e&4 Le%nteC gea@n&l *i2tiA ntr&
ale s'irit& a& era n l%2alitate4 "e (e'lasaseC 'e r&te *%arte lt&ralni2eC 'n la IaiC in
2Besti&ni &niAersitareC @i se s!unea5 C*e( 2 A%ia s<i a(&2 o 'arte a bibli%te2ii
'arti2&lareC 2e @ai r@sese 'e<a2%l%4 Absena I@ % inter'reta@ ea &n se@n ne*astC 2a i 2&@
@i<ar *i ieit 2ir&F!Fa 2& g%l n 2ale4
La A/ba<I&iia @i<a@ ni@erit inta4 D%a@na Marga M&rean& @<a 'ri@it 2& Ae2Bea 'rietenie4
"e interesT ca 'e &n(e s<a 'ri'it Le%nte n a2este Dile (e risi!ite i (e (estr<@are a
legt&ril%rC 2e *a2 (intr<&n n&(e *iine % 2%le2tiAitate %@eneas24 M is2%(i i 2& 'riAire la
'rerileC 2e le aAe@C (es're starea geaeral5 U< sa rs'&nsC (n( (in &@eriC 2 ea 2&n%ate @ai
bine<t @ai (e la s&rs ter@enii sit&aiei4 A(&2 n dSGeuie ca?ul l&i "i@i%n Bar(4 D%a@na
Marga @ asig&r 2 Aa 2&ta s iniieDe reAiD&irea 'r%2es&l&iC li sta la n<den i aAea
'&tereaC 22iC (%a@na Marga4 e* a 2%nsili&l&i (e 'atr%najC aAeaC 2a ex'%nent a unui su!er-
i-r&slerC &i (es2Bise i %a@eni 2ari % serAeaiIC n t%ate @i<IecZ a *2ea i (es*2ea @initri4
a 2%n(&2ea /inane i 2%@er4 a clu?ea Aiaa artisti2C 2& s/aturile eiC teatr&l i %'era4
D%a@na Marga era veri4bar de-a (%&a e& Le%nteC i %riginar (e 'e a2eleai @eleag&ri4
>:
'
e
LtF%nte ea l agrea a'r%a'e @atern4 Dar i (e treb&<ile @ele ea se interesa n(ea'r%a'e4 )%t
inter2ala a2&@
'
i (%a@na Marga M&rean& interAeniseC la r&g@intea trieaC -i #
n
*aA%area l&i
"i@i%n Bar(C 2aD ex2e'i%nal je (eli2atC i an&@e 2Biar n 2&rs&l (eDbateril%r 'r%2es&l&i4 C
%sn(aI 2e<% 'ri@i "i@i%n Bar(C n& era 'e(ea'sa 2a'italC 2& 2are a@enina C&rtea MarialC
se (at%raC (esig&rC n 'arte i 2&Ant&l&i (%a@nei Marga4 n ti@'&l 2t (is2&ta@ 2& il&stra
@atr%anML(e la 'atr%naj a2east 2Besti&neC &n '%st (e ra(i% an&na atentat&l (e la Miin2Ben
@'%triAa 5&Brer&l&i4 )%st&l n2er2a s aten&eDe graAitatea @%@ent&l&iC (n( a@'le
in*%r@aii as&'ra K@ira2%l&l&iLC (at%rit 2r&ia 5&Bre<r&l a r@as neatins4 "e *2ea& al&Dii
2%ns%lat%are 2& 'riAire la si@&l %2< 2are ine s&bt 'aADa sa 'e K'r%Ai(enial&lL 2%n(&2t%r4
5a't&l ns 2 &n atentaO a '&t&t s aib l%24 *iin( '&s la 2ale 2Biar (e %a@eni (in ant&raj&l
i@e(iat al 5&Brer&l&iC 2%nstit&ia &n grit%r si@'t%@ (e n2e'&t (e (es2%@'&nere a n%iiC
44@ilenareL %r(ini ger@aneC i a 2el&i (e al treilea i@'eri&4
A@ @ai r@as % Di la Alba<I&iiaC n at@%s*era (e Oatenie @ritLC 2are se trans*%r@a t%t la &n
2eas4 (%&C n Aai<ArtejC la 2nte2&l l&g&br& al sirenel%r (e alar@4 D%a@na Marga inea
str&it%r s<@i arate 2&@ a %DA niDatC ntre Di(&rile 2etiiC instit&iile &niAersitare i 2@inele
st&(eneti re*&giate (e la IaiC )ri2e'erea ei 2larADt%areC '&terea (e @&n2C (ib2iaC
iniiatiAeleC i-au s@&ls n%i ex2la@aii (e a(@iraie 3 44Un(e '&nei D<A%asir @naC '&ne D<
De& @ilaLC aa i<a@ ='&sC r%s<tin(&<@i n n&@ele %btei &nei riC re2&n%tina i @ &@Bxa4
A@ tat%natC la nt@'lareC &n(e se a*l !ro/esorul ,ar2C 2& s%ia saC ex'ri@in(&<@i (%rina
(e a<i Ae(eaC (a2 s<ar gsi n 2etatea (e 'e M&re4 D%a@na MargaC ab%r(n( &n D@betC 'ar2
s<ar *i gn(it la (%a@na AnaC nii (ete &n rs'&ns 2&les 'ar2 (e 'e % Bart @ilitarC 'e 2are
'%Diiile ar *i *%st nse@nate 2& stegulee 3 KN& s&nt n %ra4 "<a& as2&ns 'rin M&nii A'&seniC
ntr<&n sat n& (e'arte (e dlatnaC la 5eneFL 9 Ast*elC 2& is'rAi )e j&@tateC a@ *%st neA%it s
@ nt%r2 la Ca'lna4 s2a'a(a n& @i<a (%@%lit (%rina (e a reAe(ea 'e (%a@na Ana4 M
ntrebaiC (e ast (at *%arte intrigat3 (e 2e a& 're*erat C'ln2i % l%2alitate (in )uaii A'&<
I;
seniC 2are n& aAea ni2i @2ar aAantaj&l a'r%'ierii4 M s&'ra 2 D%a@na Ana a a22e'tat
s2Bi@b&l *r a s2Bia Are% ?@'%triAire4 N& gsea@ ni2i % rai&ne n s%2%teala l%r4
nt%r2n(&<@ la Ca'lnaC n2er2a@ s &it girea 2en&ie (e a n& *i ntlnit la Alba<I&lia 'e
(%a@na Ana4 n aj&n (e '%t%' @ ag@ (e s&rs&l ei 2a :a Aia4 !e(ea@ 2& %2Bii @inii t%t
@ai @< a'r%'iin(&<s% &n (eDastr& 'e s2ar nai%nal i la niAel ist%ri2 @%n(ial4 !e(eniile
@iniiC *r%nt&riC tan2&riC ex'l%DiiC era& ns att (e strine (e 'riAelitea 'atriarBal i i(ili^ A
2e % Ae(ea@ 2& %2Bii tr&'eti n 'reaj@C <in2itC s're n%r%2&l ini@iiC se eAa'%ra&
'r%ble@aiiDn(&<s24 Dar %bsesiile reAenea&C 2a s @ string i s @ s&*%2e4 5r%nt&riC
tan2&riC ex'l%DiiC @ n2er2&ia&C t%t @ai a'r%a'eC @ai a'r%a'e4 M ntreba@ 3 @ai este &n(eAa
Are% s2'are H "&bt '@nt 9 s&bt '@nt 9 s&bt '@nt 9 rs'&n(ea& s&r( b&b&it&rileC 2e
se re'er2&ta&C 'e s&bt @&niC (in !alea )raB%Aei4 +%ate asteaC n *ie2are DiC 'e [ la a2eeai %r 7
"&bt '@nt 9 s&bt '@nt 9 s&bt i @nt 7 Ce %n%@at%'ei2 inAitaieC (e a<@i l&a l%2&l ng
F 2ei 2e n& @ai s&nt7
+ria@C t%t&iC i n& @ '&tea@ B%tr s n& @ai *i&4 "ing&ra 2%ntra'%n(ere a 2%@ar&l&i (e
Di i n%a'te era D@bet&C 2e (es*iina t%ate '%AerileC al (%a@nei Ana4 Dar Da+il2i&l se @&tase
n M&nii A'&seni4 -i ni2i % 4 Aeste n& Aenea (in Darea l%r4 !eAeriaC a2est l&2r& (a ni@i2C
eAeni@ent&l 'relni2C (e<% 2li'C 2e a(&2ea % n*l2rat (estin(ere n n2%r(area 2e @ ineaC
n& se @ai iAea ni2i ea 'e 'ri'%r4
Ar2a lui. ;(e, nsC 2retea4 L&2ra@ la ea (e l%r4 "i@ea@ i@'%n(erabile 2%res'%n(ene ntre
sit&aia real i sit&aia (in 'ies4 Arca treb&ia s *ie gala 9 n 2li'a 2n( '%t%'&l se Aa
(eDlnt&i4
-i (&' &n e*%rt s&sin&tC (e 2teAa s't@niC (&' % *ebril @&n2 (e Di i n%a'teC aAea@ s
ter@in A rea. O @ar2 linite @ 2&'rins4 -i (&' is'raAa *2iieC t*eni s2ara4 Iar n seara a2eea
rn 2&l2ai @ai (eAC le2t
(e %bi2ei4 4 4 9
>E
D&' 2e a(%r@ise@C tre2erea s're alt l&@e se *2& 4 rr&Fre linite4 D%r@ea@ (e Are% 2teAa
2eas&riC linC F44jjn%iat 2a (e<% *a't salAat%areC 2n( nite b&b&it&ri (e '&@n n &C @ treDir4
@i era ns *%arte aneA%ie s @ (es'rin( (in starea (e a(%r@ire4 D%nr&Fse@ 2a &n b&tean
sa&C @ai '%triAit s'&sC 2a &n 2%'il4 D%rrni<se@ 2& ent&Dias@4 i are 2te%(at i s%@n&l
ent&Dias@&l is'rAii sale4 Dar a2&@ @ treDea@ silni2C s2&i&rat (e b&b&it&ri n &4 A@
(esl&it n2C 'rin s%@nC gla<< < L ---1) #3< <RIR =MKK=
*
i% Aesel3
a2&@
KaCUO4 %<2i #C@Iii2&it a&&]&A&& 4
N& @<a@ ri(i2at (in 'at4 ra@ 'rea b&i@2it (e Aestea 2e @i se (a4 )e &r@C treaD (e<a
bineleaC a@ 2%ntin&at s r@n n atern&t4 M 2Dnea@ s re*a2C (&' 2ele Are% 2teAa
in*%r@aiiC % sit&aie4 !estea a (es2Bis '%rile i &ileC tre2n( 'rin t%ate 2asele4 )n la @ieD&l
n%'ii ea aj&nse 2Biar i 'rin aeDrile 2i%bneti (e 'e 2&l@ile (e straj (in j&r&l n%str&4
Oa@enii ieea& 'e &Li4 "e 2Bi%tea4 "e (ansa B%ra 'rin t%ate 2&rile4 +%at n%a'teaC sat&lC 2a
&n sing&r Aal<ArtejC s<a n(rjit n b&2&ria sa4 & sing&rC 2& *a@iliaC a@ r@as n @are @&enie
ntre 2ei 'atr& 'erei4
A (%&a Di a*la@ a@n&nteC 'e @s&ra bn&ielil%rC (es're 2ele 'etre2&te4 Un n%& ti@'
n2e'ea4 n2e'ea 2& 2a'it&lare *r 2%n(iii i 2& % regr&'are (e *%re alt&ri (e n%ii KaliaiL4 -i
n%ii aliai ne eeiea& sngele 2a 'r%te2t%ri ai sin&2i(erii n%astre4 Cel '&in
t
ia Ae(ea@ e& la
a2ea Are@eC sit&aia4 Cea<@ai arDt%are (%rin a @ea era s @ nel n a're2ierile (e
ansa@bl& ale @%@ent&l&i4 A *i (%rit s a@ @%tiAe (e regret 'entr& AiaFi ntreagC @%tiAe (e
regret 2 n& a@ l&at i e& 'arte la i&re&l (e b&2&rie al %btei r%@Nneti (in n%a'tea (e :/
A&g&st4 Un&l (in %a@enii n%tri '%liti2i 2ei @ai (e sea@C sing&r&lC 2are s<a 'ri2e'&t n
ti@'&l (intre 2ele (%& rDb%aieC s seF i@'&n 2%ntiinei '&bli2e 'rin ni@i2 altC (e2t 'rin
@%rga sa @esiani2C %@&lC 2are l&a rs'&n(erea 'entr& 2ele 'etre2&teC (e2lara ntr<&n 2%<
ti(ianC 2 este 2ea @ai *eri2it a Aieii sale a2east DiC 2n( '%ate n s*rit s se@neDe
K2a'it&lareaL4 A@ as2<at &l&it (e2laraia re'r%(&s la ,a(i%4 C%n(iiile (e ar@istii&
e2BiAala& 2& (es*iinarea Airt&al a &nei *iine et@e%4
>>
nt%rst&ra ni<a s@&lsC *ireteC (in t%at% ale @ele4 i<rai stingeaC 2ine tie 'entr& 2it Are@eC
2%n(iiile 2reat%are4 "%2%tea@ 2a % iDbn( *a't&l 2 a@ ter@inat KAr2aL4 Alt*el 9 ar *i r@as
tr&n2Biat4 D&' nt%rst&r n<a @ai *i '&t&t s '&n ni2i @2ar '&n2t&l (e n2Beiere (&' %
*raD aj&ns la 2a't4 5eeleC 2e le nll<nea@C era& (e<% senintate in2%ntient4 A2esta era (%
alt@intrelea e'itet&l 2e se '%triAea 2el @ai bine strii (e s'iritC 2e se lsase 'este ar4
ntr<% (i@inea (e s*rit (e a&g&stC @ ntlnii 'e &lia 'rin2i'alC 2& (i2tat%r&l e2%n%@i2 al
in&t&l&iC 2& btrn&l L%gaC 2are t%2@ai se<nt%r2ea (e la @&nteC (e la stnile sale4 ra D@bit%rC
t%t&i nelinitit ntr<&n *el4 A*lase 2& ntrDiere (es're 2ele nt@'late4 lC 2are n Aia a
2al2&lat (e @<e %ri 2& ne'reAD&t&lC era a2&@ 2el '&in ne(&nterit4 "e n2&raja sing&r 2&
'rerea 2 t%t&l Aa intra " n%r@al 3 CC444a2&@C (&' 2e aj&nser iari %a@enii n%tri la
2r@L4 )e L%gaC 2are era CCliberalLC (ar n a2elai ti@' &n ar(elean nea%C i in2inta n(e%sebi
2 Ae(ea in s*rit 'e Brtian& i 'e M&*ti& n a2eea
.
2%@binaie g&Aerna@ental4 CCLa 2r@C
Di2ei HL l ntrebC 2& s&*let&l n(%itC K(ar Bai(e s<i Di2e@C =2r@<L4 Cir@a asia Aa K*i in&t
(e2i 2a@ ase l&niC 'e &r@ Aine alt2eAaL4
ra@ n Dilele a2elea 'e 2ale (e a<@i *%r@a &n ti24 "i@ea@ neA%ia (in 2n( n 2n( s @ &it
la s%are 2<&n sing&r %2BiC 2&@ *a2 &nele 'sri4 M 'teaC senti@ent&l 2 intr& ntr<% @are
e2li's4 @i 2%nsi(era@ %'erele literare n 'ers'e2tiAa &n&i Aiit%r *%arte (e'rtatC srin( &n
se2%lC n rsti@'&l 2r&ia A%r *i '&se n 'aranteD4 Ct @ 'riAete 'ers%nalC l&a@ @ere&C 2el
'&in n gn(C @s&ri testa@entare4 Unele ngrij%rri I2 @ai 2%@&ni2a@ i s%iei @ele4 Cele
@ai greleC le 'stra@ 'entr& @ine4
Une%ri @i @ai tre2ea 'rin 2&get i alt2eAa4 ra (atrJ n2 '%sibilitatea &nei 'le2ri s're a'&sC
(ar anii (e rDb%iC re*&giileC 4s2Bi@brileC @&trileC &ne%ri 2& n*iareF (e bejeniei (intr<&n
l%2 n alt&lC @i<a& (at &n a2&t si@<t@ntC al Are@elni2iei 4i @<a& %b%sit4 N& @ai aAea@ B%<
tNrre& i triaC ne2esare &nei e@igrriC @ai ales 2 nsi starea (e Ke@igrantL @ 2&tre@&rase
'n la B*iereC (e attea %riC n ti@'&l e(erii @ele n strintate4 Ani 2&n%s2&t e@igrani
2a&2aDieni la !ar%AiaC e@igrani r&i
>Y
'arisC e@igrani &2rainieni n lAeia i atia alii 4 C
ea
e@igrani eArei n L&DitaniaC
'r%as'ei e@igrani
al
*ti n *rana4 E*@bre (e %a@eni era& e@igraniiC n&
2
Zl
en
i4 Organis@&l
@e& re*&Da i(ejNJ 2Biar i al&nei j
%
'&nea@ n 2&@'n 2& 'ieirea4 D&' atiV4a 'ribegie
c'#'
'
s2
a(&nase n a@intirea @eaC si@ea@ 2 este (e 're*erat s te %(in2*Oti n '@nt&l
'rinil%r4 -i alt<4
e
Aa ni2i n& @ai (%rea@4 O (is'erare @&t @ l&W "$ tN'nireC a'%i %
@elan2%lie e2BiAalent 2& ne'sarea4
)n la tre2erea *r%nt&l&i 'este n%iC gsea@ 2 e %'%rt&n H @ai r@ne@ la Ca'lna4 D&'
t%ate s%2%telileC 'e te@ei (e ex'erienC ale 2el%r 2e *2&ser ar@at i 2are 2&r<%tea&
n(ea'r%a'e 2%n(iiile ge%gra*i2eC 2t&n&l n%str& &r@a s *ie %2%litC att (e ar@atele 2e se
retragC 2t i (e 2ele 2e nainteaD4 KO ar@at breaD n& Aa n2er2a s tr%a2a @&nii n regi&nea
a2eastaL4 )rerea t&t&r%r ex'eril%r era a2eeai 3 A%@ *i %2%lii4
CteAa s't@Nni a (&ratC s'%rni2C %2&'area rii4 "i n rsti@' ne Aenea& Aeti (in Aale4
Nelinitit%are4 Der&tante4 A*la@ 'rin ra(i% 3 2%@isia 'entr& se@narea itii&l&iC 2are (e @<
treb&ia s *i aj&ns la M%s2%AaC era rein&t 'rin alte l%2aliti4 -i t%t 'rin ra(i% l&a@ 2&n%tin
(e 2%@&ni2atele (e rDb%i ale ar@atel%rC 2e e<&'a& ara4 AAea& t%ate a2elai stere%ti' +e*ren 3
(&' 2rn2ene l&'te a *%st %2&'at %ra&l 2&tare4 Un ase@enea 2%@&ni2at la2%ni2C n& 'entr& a
*i 'e @s&ra *a'tel%rC 2i (in @%tiAe 2al2&lat<(i'l%@ati2eC s<a (at i (&' %2&'area "ibi&l&iC 2&
t%ate 2 %a@eni 2are a& *%st (e *a s'&nea& 2 n& s<a tras &n gl%nte4 Marea Min2i&n n2e'ea
s<i (es*%are ilara *raDe%l%gie 2& aj&t%r&l 2reia se 'regteaC s&b *ir@a KeliberriiLC re%U<*<
erea &n&i '%'%r la 2ea @ai 2r&nt i @ai tragi2 r%bie4 D&' tergiAersriC 2el '&in 2&ri%aseC 2e
aAea& l%2 n legt&r 2& 'ri@irea (elegaiei r%@Nne tri@is la M%s2%AaC s is2leas2
ar@istii&lC se nAe(era 2 n& ni se ng(&ia s se@n@C (e2t (&' 2e ara Aa *i %2&'at n
ntregi@eC K(&' 2rn2ene btliiL4 A2easta 2a s n& se '%at s'&neC 2 ar@atele n%astre ar *i
2%ntrib&it n Are&n *el la KeliberareL4 C%ntrib&ia (e snge ni se ee<
IC
rea 2& 'ris%sinC (ar n& treb&ia s se A%rbeas2 (e 're ea4
+r&'ele ger@aneC n retragereC n<a& @ai '&t&t y, %rganiDeDe % reDisten @ai seri%asC
(e2t n n%r(&G +ransilAanieiC %2&'at (e &ng&ri4 Ieirea ,%@Nniei (in *r%nt&l ger@an a *%st
'entr& &ng&ri &n 'rilejC 2a@ (i <'eratC (ar bineAenit 'entr& @%@entC (e a n2er2a s OCU# i
+ransilAania (e s&(4 -iC ntr<a(eArC (ins're CcsI tr&'e @agBiareC rDleeC a& 'tr&nsC
(&' &n 'lan inA 'r%AiDatC i *r (e % a2%'erire 2e ar *i 2D&t @ai eri* 'e 2ntarC 'rin @ai
@<e '&n2te 'e terit%ri&lC rAaIF (e eAeni@entele '%liti2e i @ilitare n e&rsC al +ransi4
.
Aaniei
(e s&(4 "e DA%nea ea 'e la Ui%ara i a'%i a'r%aj ^ (e Ai&( s<ar bi nejns s'%ra(i2e< n2ierri
ntre tr&'ei r%@Nneti i tr&'ele @agBiare4 Cr&e @%etiC (e be jenariC s%sea& la C'lnaC i %
Bia& (e<a2i i @ai (e'arteC 'e Aalea "ebe&l&i n s&s4 !enea& (e 'e la Alba I&liaC (in satele 'e
&n(e tre2e KM%eniaLC tren&l lili'&tanC 2e (&2e la dlatna4 x%(&l se ex'li2a @ai a'sat 'rin
(eD%rientare4
D&' AetileC 2e ne s%sea&C ar@atele r&setiC 2are a& 2&2erit "ibi&lC se ra@i*i2a& n (iAerse
(ire2iiC 'rini altele i s're Alba<I&liaC 'e %sea&a nai%nal4 )reAiDi&nea n%astr 2 A%@ *i
%2%liiC n2e'ea 'ar2 s 'rin(4 *iinC i res'ira@C 2& a2east s'eranC &&rai4 ra A%rb4+
a2&@ t%2@ai (e @%@ent&l eriti2 al tre2erii *r%nt&l&i 'esi^ n%i4 C&@ se Aa *a2e a2east
tre2ere H -i (e &n(e '&tere s l&@ Are&n s*atC 2&@ treb&ie s ne 2%@'%rt@ n atari
@'rej&rri H
n (i@ineaa Dilei (e .1 se'te@brie s%siC 2a@ n g%anIZ &n 2i%banC (e la @&nteC n 2t&n4 De la
el sri Aestea 2^J4 (%& (iAiDii r&seti se a'r%'ieC (&' 2e a& tre2&t 'e 2lin&l 2etlalt al
@&nil%rC (e C'lna4 AAan'%st&rile ar '&t2<i s intre n 2t&nC (e la % 2li' la alta4
Orientn(&<ri4 n2 t%t (&' 'rerile ex'eril%r ntr& 2ele @ilitareC 2nt<rea@ 2& nen2re(ere
2ele a&Dite4 Ne s*t&ir@C t%t&i n %gra(C 2& 'riAire la 2ele 2e ar *i (e *2&t4 )entr& % ase@e
nea eAent&alitate a@ *&ritC n2 (e @ai nainteC 2& 'rintele B&neaC 'lan&l (e a tri@ite *etele
'e Ar*&l Bli(ar&l&iC &n @&nte 2e se ri(i2a 'n la % @ie (% @etriC 2Biar la @arginea 2t&n&l&i4
kintea@ 2& gn(&l la % 2as 2i%bneas2C iD%lat a2%l% s&sC ntr<% '(&ri2e (e *agi4 A('%st&l
'e nli@e ne era la n(e@nC (ar i *erit
>;
,
/.
e
%2Bii I<TL]lsi ai ste'eiC 2e s<ar aAent&ra 'aste @&<4
E
74 f
a
2l2Aa 2li'e *ii2<@ea i st&(entaC
*ii2a 'rintel&i L3<#<
/V
a& i l&at<% la 'i2i%r4<Aj&ng@( 'e r&C n s&sC la 2&t@i<i&rN (e &n(e
&r@a& s &r2e '%te2a er'&it%are 'n .L
t*
rC&l Bli(ar&l&iC ele A( la % DArlit&r (e sgeatC
n 2r& 2& %stai r&i4 5eteleC ast*el s&r'rinseC s<a& as2& *r a<i 'ier(e 'rea @< 2&@'t&lC
(&' nite t&be 2i&lini< O%taAii *&iC (e<% n*iare blajinC a2etiaC Ijg<2e@ar2at i iFM<a&
*2&t se@ne 2& @@aC rDn(C 2"@ la 2&@ sR
ar
r
m
e
&
n
g*ai&l n%str&4 Cr&a r&seas2 n& s %'riC
2i % i2& n j%sC 'entr& 2a (&' ntia 2%tit&r s intre n 2t&n4 )n s s%seas2 2r&ele
&r@t%areC *etei 4 s<a& (es'rins (in raDa Ae(erii 2el%r (e j%sC aAntn(&<se
n
salt&ri (e
2'ri%areC 'n la 2asa (in Ar*4 Cr&e 2& s%l(ai r&i n2e'&r s se s2&rgC Aenin( (in @&niC
'riii 2t&nC n2 (eWt&l (e res*irate4 Din AaleC (ins're "ebeC<Alba i Alba<I&lia s%sea&C n sens
%'&sC 2r&e r%@NnetiC 2e se retrgea& (in *aa tr&'el%r @agBiareC (es're 2are se s'&nea 2 ar
*i aj&ns 'n n& (e'arte (e Ai&(4 "e 'reAe(ea % nAl@eal n 2t&nC ai 2r&i l%2alni2i se
arta& 2&'iini n(e%sebi (e grija (e a<i @nl&i '&re2ii &n(eAa 'rin (esi&rile 2& gBin(4
Ne<a@ s*t&it 2& 'rintele B&nea i 2& alte *a@ilii (e intele2t&ali i B%t<rr@ sN n& st@
n (r&@&l '&B%i&l&i ate'tat4 n2%tr% era s '%rni@ MH "'re 2asele 2i%bnetiC 'e '%(i&l
Bli(ar&l&i4 Gr%s&l (iAiDiil%r r&setiC 2e 2%b%ra& (in @&niCC 'rin Aalea "ebe&l&iC &r@a&C (&'
t%ate s%2%telileC >E trea2 'rin 2t&n n 2&rs&l n%'ii4 N& era n ni2i &n *el %'%rt&n sN r@ne@
l%2&l&i4 )rintre bejenarii 2e s%sea& (e la Alba<I&lia se gsea& i 'r%*es%r&l ,areC 2& s%ia sa4
"e nt%arserC (e2iC %a@enii n%triC la C'lna4 N<a& @ai tras la 2asa l&i L%gaC 22i a2easta eraC
a2&@C rein&t 'entr& &n general r&sC 2%@an(ant&l (iAiDiil%rC 2e 2%b%ra& l&n(&<ne n rs'r
t%ate 'reAe(erile4 Cei B%tri s ne retrage@ 'e Ar*&l Bli(ar&l&iC ne 'regtea@ t%2@ai (e
@ne2are4 A@ tri@is &n 2&Ant a'sat 'r%*es%r&l&i ,are i D%a@nei AnaC s a'&2e nea'rat
i 2t @ai grabni2C i eiC s're a2eleai l%2&ri (in nalt4 Le (a@ a nelege 2 r@nerea n 2t&n
n& e re2%@an(abil4
)e nserate aj&nser@ la int4 Ne<a@ a(&nat Are% (%&De2i (% 'ers%aneC 'rintre ele i (%a@na
AnaC la Aatra (in Ar*&l Bli(ar&l&i4 )iesa (e reDisten a aeDrii 2i%b<tieOti era a2i % Ae2Be
2as (e brneC 2& % 2&rte interi%arC
>0
n2Bisa (e t%ate 'rile4 CBi'&l era al &nei tAO<i 'ri@itiAeC (e le@n4 G%s'%(ar&l (ereti2a 2eAa
'e< ling Aati= 2l(it n @ijl%2&l @i2ii 2&riC s&bt 2er s%ni4i4 C&rteI
.
a2easta aAea &n aer
'atriarBalC iC (ei s&bt 2eA (es2Bis4 se integra ansa@bl&l&i 2a % n2'ere4 Ne aeDar@ 2& t%ii
n j&r&l *%2&l&iC 2e 'l'ia 'e Aatr4 n &na (in n2'erile 2aseiC g%s'%(ar&lC 'reAenitC atern&se
'aie 'e j%s 2 ntr<&n sta&l4 A2i &r@a s 4ne %(iBni@4 @br2ai 2&@ era@C strni &n&l ntr<
alt&lC 2a s2r&@biile I 2ei 2e n<aAea& s n2a'C '&tea& s stea (e 'aD n 2&rtea interi%arC lng
*%2&l Aetrei4
"e nt&ne2a4 -i era re2e4 "e '%Aestea (es're eee @<e nt@'late n 2&rs&l Dilei i *ie2are<i
(es*&ra 2r%ni2a 'eri'eiil%r sale4
M a'r%'ii (e (%a@na Ana i<i s'&n n %a't 3 ,<++ a@ 'n4
.
AD&t ntlnirea n a2tst l%2C (ar
este 'al'itair %ii2&@4 Mai 'al'itantC (e2t s<ar *i '&t&t Aisa 3 ne<2&n 3nt%is n eA&l (e @ijl%2C
2a 'e Are@ea nAlirii ttaril%r4 )i%babi 2 n alt AiaC anteri%arC ne<a@ ntilnn n @<
'rej&rri la FLel4 G%s'%(ar&l treb&ie s *ie a2elai4 N&<i a@inteti '= Uite Aatra4 -i *l2rile4
A2eleai 2a i at&n2iL4 C4ntN@'lrile ne in 2& s&*let&l la g&rC (ar D<A%astr (&4V '%eDie i
a2est&i 2easLC @i rs'&nse (%a@na Ana4 K)%eDieC e t%t 2e alinLC Di2 e&C K'%eDie ( a2est%r
nrn'l3
.
4 'reDena ta4 Absena nsC a2eeaC (aC a2eea '%ate *-< li4 t 'e 2ineAa 2& s&*let&l la
g&rL4 A2easta @i<a *%st re'lia )l'irea *l2ril%r ne a2%'erea %a'tele4
n AaleC 2Biar s&bt '%alele Bli(ar&l&iC se iu a& &rleteleC 2Bi%teleC '%2netele 2& &ier 'rel&ngitC
LJ&2IJ i 2ele s2&rteC 2& re'etiieC ale ar@el%r a&l MteC M s&netele (e 'it'ala2 @etali2 ale
@itralierel%r4 #tA4te '<ea& n2e%ate (e<&n *el (e 2nte2 2e ieea (in @ii (e 'ie't&ri4 "e
a&Dea en glgit 2a (e a'e (e '%t%'C 2%'leit (e i'eteC (e &rleteC (e tr%'%t&l 2ail%r4 Un i&re
'ri@itiAC slbati2C &@'leaC ne@ailsn( l%2 e2%&ril%r<C t%at Aalea4 )ar2 s<ar *i ngBes&it s&bt
n%i t%at Asia4 Barbaria @ileni&l&i se nla (e j%s 'n la niAel&l '%(i&ril%rC 2a ntr<% &ria
e2l&DC s're a @'inge n&@ai 2& lar@ @&niiC 2e treb&ia& rst&rnai 'este es&ri4 Ceas&ri i
2eas&riC n%a'tea 'n la entt%riC i alte 2eas&riC a (&rat s2&rgerea @%nstr&%as i
ns'i@Nntt%are a n%ian&l&i4 Ur@rea@ (e s&s 'rin beDnele (in Aale AinD%l&ea %til%iF4 De
a'te s&te (e ani n<a& @ai 'tr&ns 'n n 'rag&l
.1
Cternel%r 'lai&ri atari e2%&ri4 D&' 2ele 2e 'rin(ea@ n
r
a&D&l&iC (&' Al&reala (e
i'eteC sen2eteC &r<
OFteM '%2neteC &iereC r2neteC s<ar *i 2reD&t 2 n tene<jB4
e
Fa& l%2 @2el&riC Ai%l&riC in2en(ii4
5e@ei rstignite
De
'@nt Ae(ea@ n n2Bi'&ireC n j&r&l 2r%ra DCe2i (e %stai r%ii ar *a2e
2%a(C 2a s se (e(ea '%*tel%r arDt%areC a(&nate n Aale (e 'e ntins&rile &n&i ntreg 2%nti<
C4n2e'e Are@e grea 'entr& (%@niLC 2& a2esteM2&Ainte ntrer&'e ntr<&n trDi& g%s'%(ar&l
t2ereaC 'e 2are ni@enea n& se<n(&ra s<% 2&r@eC a 2el%r aeDai @'rej&r&l AetreiC Ke& a@ *%st
'riD%nier n ,&siaC n 2ellalt rDb%iC i n2 @&li ani (&'4 N&@ai e& ti& 2e<a@ AD&t4 C a@
r@as 'e<a2%l% Are% De2e ani @'linii4 -i @ @&ta@ (in l%2 n l%2 2a 2i%ban&l 2& t&r@eleC (ar
2& @ @&ta@ *r t&r@eC 2 era@ 'riD%nier4 -i AD&iC n<a @ai *i AD&tC 2e *2&r 2& (%@nii4
A'%i s tii 2 (%@nii n<a& @ai gsit aeDare i 'a2e4 i se al&nga& sing&riC @inai (e gr%aD
(in l%2 n l%24 -i n& @<ai 2re(e (e A<a '%Aesti 'r'(&l4 N& le<a& @ai (at (%@nil%r rgaD
ni2i &n 2eas (e Are@eC ni2ieriL4
C& *i%r&l n n%i ne ri(i2ar@ ntr<&n trDi& (e lng *%24 "telele s2li'ea& (eas&'ra n%astr4
Galaxia atrna grea (e '&lbere l&@in%asC gataC gata s ne ating &@erii i 2retet&l4 Calea
la'tel&iC Dr&@&l r%bil%r4 N&@ele a2esta (in &r@ @i se 'rea @ai s&gestiAC 22i inea is%n
s'ai@ei (in n%i4
Intrar@ n Ksta&l&lFL @enit %(iBnei4 Ne<a@ ntins @br2aiC &n&i lng alt&l4 -L (e abia ne
ntinseser@C 2 s&bt Ae@inte n2e'& asalt&l @i2il%r 2aAaleri n ar@&ri negreC @e(ieAale4
Cre( 2 ni2i%(at atia '&re2i n& s<a& '%@enit la &n @ai b%gat %s' (e snge 'e l%t< att (e
'&in4 M (&iea tr&'&l (e %b%sealC 'le%a'ele @i ar(ea&C (&' 2e @ in&se@ n btaia
*&@&l&i t%at seara4 n beDna (e ne'tr&ns a n2'erii si@ea@ 'l&tin( s&rs&l (%a@nei Ana
2ai2 n(&ra 2& AitejieC 'e 2%a'sele graiei ei i (esig&r i 'rin Aalea sinil%r 9 s&liele @i2il%r
2aAaleri4 Ar *i *%st '%ate % @ngiere gn(&l 2 '&re2ii 2ir2&l ntre n%i *r %'relitiC (arC ntre
@ine i 2aC se DAr2%lea& (e nes%@n alte Are% De2e 'ers%ane4
Ilaritate a 'r%(&s 'rintre n%iC n2 (e 2& searC &n @e(i2 (in "eb2<AlbaC 2are s%sise 2& s%ia
sa la C'lna4 "%ia (%2t%r&l&iC 2are n <i@&l ti@' a'rea n 2t&n i
Y.
(is'reaC 2& inter@itenC era &n 'ers%naj *%arte 2&n%s2C 'entr& aAent&rile eiC i 'entr&
ane2(%ti2a er%ti2 ntreC4 n&t n j&r&l ei (e g&rile rele4 Me(i2&l &@bla 'ret&tin(e3 C 2& &n
gea@antan n @n4 A2&@ i *%l%sea gea@antane (re't 2'ti4 Din grija 2e @e(i2&l % '&rta
g2a@antan&l&I se trgea n2Beierea 2 a2esta era (%l(%ra (e ban2n%te4 b A%rbea 2 t%tal&l
'&rtat (e @%(i2C n2%l% i n2%a2eC C 2Biar 'rin l%2&ri @ai as2&nseC &n(e se (&2ea 'entr& t^
crla inti@C se ri(i2a la 2teAa @ili%ane4 Me(i2&l se nI 4j tng&ia @ere& (&' a&t%@%bil&l 2&
2are Aenise i 'e 2are i<l as2&nsese ntr<% 2'i (e *nC 'e 2@'4 Un s%l (at r&sC (in
aAan'%st&riC i<l (es2%'eriseC i i<l ns&is *A @< A%rb4 Grija ti'i2&l&i b&rgBeD *ixat 2&
t%t as&'ra &n%r a@n&nte (e 2%n*%rt @aterial i as&' ban&l&iC era ilariant ntr<&n *el
ri 2%n(iiile (e
j
'%(i&l Bli(ar&l&i4 Un tnr 2& BaDC 2are<l Ae(ea sc Ia *ie2are 'as (e grija
gea@antan&l&i i s'&seC gl&@in( K(%@n&le (%2t%rC ar *i @ai 2%rn%( s<l '&rtai n 2%arne
7
+%at n%a'tea aAea s in DArF2%lirea n 'e'iniera (J '&re2i4 N&@ai (%2t%r&l s*%ria
%rgiasti2C n A%l&'tatF
irir2 a %b%selii i a s%@n&l&i4 "*%rit&l n2e'ea i n(at 2e (%2t%r&l i '&nea 2a'&l 'e
gea@antan4
Cn( se 2r' (e Di&C @ ri(i2ai i ieii (in 2asC 3IF A( 2e @ai 2 'e<a*ar4 Din *aa 2aseiC
'&t&iC (&' serCI i ti@'C s 'tr&n( 2& Ae(erea 'rintr<% 2ea &%arC 'ir j%s n Aale4 DaC % @ie
(e @etri @ai j%sC 2Biar s&bt ne ntr<% liAa( ling r&C se Drea& % sea@ (e 2%rt&ri %stii etiC
i *%2&riC 2e *&@ega&4 N& se gBi2ea ni2i % @ietA 'rintre 2%rt&ri4 ,&ii i (%r@ea& s%@n&l
%(iBnit%rC nainte (e a '%rni iari s're KBerlinLFC (e 2are ntreba& (&'N *ie2e 2%tit&r (e (r&@
'rin !alea "ebe&l&i (in +ransilAania4 -i iari @ n2er2 si@irea 2 a@ @ai AD&l tin(Aa
% ase@enea 'riAelite 3 'ar2 @i<a(&2 a@inteC a2easta a *%st 'e Are@ea ttaril%r4 -i a@
stat @< ti@' ne@i2atC 'riAin( a(n2C n AaleC la 2%rt&rile i la *&@&riFF (in liAa( I la gn(&l
2 &n 2lre r&s ar '&tea s s&iM4 n 2teAa @in&te 'n la a('%st&l n%str&C s<@i reteDiC
2&ri%DitateaC @ retrasei n '(&re4 N& (e'arte era % ali 2s& 'ast%ral4 M a'r%'i&4 O
*e@eie4 @ ia n 'ri@ire4
KN& aAei Are&n 'at (e %(iBn HL % ntrebC Kn<anI (%r@it t%at n%a'tea i 'i2 (e %b%sealLF4
Y:
Ba aAe@C (%@n&leC aAe@ 7L 5e@eia @ '%*ti n*t<
ti4 AAea % %(i alt&ri (e b&2trie4 n2'erea era (C (ar t%2@ai (e a2eea *%arte @biet%areC
'erei (% tet*inC t%t&l *%arte 2&ratC laAia alb s'lat 2& Dr4 )at&lC 'r%as't &@'l&t 2& *%i (e
'%r&@bC i ate'ta %Os'ele4
.
KO(iBnii<A a2iLC @i Dise *e@eia4
*t<a@ ntins 'e Kstrja2&lLC &@'l&t 2& *%i (e '%r&@bC C4
a
re se aeDa s&bt gre&tatea @eaC l&n(&<
@i *%r@elaT 2a an negatiA 'lasti24 n *%net&l @%ale a(%r@ii (Oe grab4 Cn( @ treDiiC eraC
(&' t%ate se@neleC trDi&C (ar n2 nainte (e a@iaD4 M @br2ai re'e(e4 -i (es2Bisei &na
s're b&2tria *e@eiiC 2e @ gD(&ise4 n 'rag @<a@ %'rit 3 &n biatC 2are s *i t%t aA&t Y98
aniC se j&2a 'e liBgN *e@eie4
KiC (ar strani2 a@ (%r@itC lelia4 -i treb&ie s *ie lrDi&L4 O2Bii @i s<a& %'rit as&'ra biat&l&iC
*r&@&el i
2
& %2Bi inteligeni4 M resi@ea@ (e b&2&ria %rgani2 a %(iBnei4 -i 2a s n2e'
A%rba 2& biat&lC l ntreb 3
KC&@ te 2Bea@C biete HL
KIieLC *a2e elC (n( &%r (in &@erii 2e se A( r%t&n<i%ri s&bt 2@aa larg (es2Bis4
Cer 2a % l@&rireC n 2%@'letare 3 K-i 2&@ n2 H N&@ai Ilie te 2Bea@ HL
C& %arei2are s*ialC biat&l rs'&n(e 3
KN&@ai IlieL4
Ilie n& tia 2 are i &n n&@e (e *a@ilie4 M si@ii (in n%& trans'&s n Are@&ri (e
@atriarBatOsa& 4i @ai Ae2Bi4 A@ ntins 2iAa lei biat&l&iC 'e 2are<l 2Be@a n&@ai IlieC i 2&
%arei2are (estin(ere a 2&get&l&i ieiiC @&liCrrIFL( *e@eiiC 2are n& se<n(ti'le2a ni2i(e2&@ s
'ri@eas2 (in 'arte<@i %b%l&lC 'entr& %(iBnaC 2e<@i 'rilej&i4
)e<% 2rr&ie 'e ntins&l (in Ar*&l Bli(ar&l&iC ntre 2ee (%& 2ase 2i%bnetiC ntlnii 'e
D%a@na AnaC 2are 2&legea brn(&iC rsrite 'rin iarb 2& @iile4
K+re2eiC A r%gC 'n la 2asa 2eeaC se '%ate (%r@i a2%l% nF*%i 'r%as'ete (e '%r&@b ntr<%
%(i 2&ratC t%ata ta le@n4 )e la n@ieDi sa& (&'C @i Aei s%&ne 2e ai AisatL4
JCDaC a@ s @ F(&2LC @i rs'&nse 2aC CC(ar 'riAii 2e
Ii
<F l&ntri2 ar(e n a2este brn(&iL4
T (e @irat 2&@ a2este *iine i s&'%rt *%2&l 2e le (e 2& aita '&tere ini@aLC ntres2 e&C 2&
2&Ainie
.;
(e<ae @eleC s'&sele ei4 K"%@n &%rC @ergei (%gral N& 'ier(ei ti@'&l 7L
a 'le24 Dar si@in( 'r%babil 2 &r@rea@ 2& 'riAii 2ea @ai (is2ret graieC 2e aA&i n%r%2&l
s s&r'rin( I 2rrile Aieii @eleC i<a nt%rs i ea 'riAireaC 'entr& 2 2li'C 2a s<@i *a2 se@n
2& @na4 ra 2a &n sal&t (in aD&r4
)riAin( n Aale n 'lin l&@in (e DiC l&ai sea@a l%%te 2%rt&rile %steti (is'r&ser4 Ceaa
s<a risij Ceas&rile era& senineC (e<&n senin t%@nati24 )(&i n2e'ea s<i s2Bi@be
2&l%area4 A'rea 'e i2iC 'e 2e r%&l sngeri& al 2%rnil%r4 )lai&l se ntin(ea (eas&'ra4 N& (i
'arte se rs*a& n s%arele arDt%rC 2e t%'ea aen l r2%r%sC &n 'l2 (e g%r&ni 2& 2%r%ane
@agni*i2eC (e il&stiat @an&ale (e b%tani24
?ntr<% Ai2eaC @ai as2&nsC (in a'r%'iereC se *2&r '% la n@ieDi a'rige *%2&riC '%triAite ntre
'ietre4 "e 'regtea jar 'entr& (e<ale @n2rii4 AAea@ 2& n%i 2Biar 2arn^ (e<&n grtar4 Ne
2%'leise n s*irit i *%a@ea4 Organis@&l i 2er2a (re't&rile *iretiC *a (e aniBilrile la 2aiM
s&'&n agitaia i @Bnirea4 )rgar&lC &n %@ iste (e< ^l 'rintel&i B&neaC s%si n 2ele (in
&r@C 2& Aeti 2
.
S satC (es're 2ele nt@'late n 2&rs&l n%'ii4 A *%st n%r%2 'entr& t%at
a2east Aale 2 general&l<2%@an( s<a %'rit s se %(iBneas2 n 2asa btrn&l&i L%gaC L =4<*el
s<a rn(&it 2a tr&'ele s se s2&rg s're es4 N& 4 eLt A%ie ni@n&i s a(aste n satC s n& *ie
t&lb&rat J i MC2GFBna saC 2%@an(ant&l4 -i aa *r%nt&l tre2& 'este n^ 4"tenii era& &l&ii (e
is'raAa a2estei tre2eri 'este @&s $+ h (%& (iAiDiiC 'rin l%2&ri ne&@blateC 'e &n(e (%ar &i s&l
se *&rieaD s're Ag&nile sale4 A2&@ gi%s&l e (e'arteC s're "ebe<Alba i (in2%l% (e M&re4
)rin 2t&nC 2n( i 2n(C @rsi tre2e (%ar 2te<&n s%l(atC r@as n &r@C 2<te<&n rt2it sa&
(iaA%lC 2are a (at (e b&t&r4 KBea& r&ii tiaC (e sting 2a ne%a@eniiLC '%Aestete 'rgar&lC
Kla -&gag &n&l a b&t i *litC (intr<&n a'arat (e &2is @&tele4 n sat 'ag&be n& s<a& iAit4 Ni2i
'rintre *ete4 N%r%2i n%str& 2& general&lC 2iAa '%r2i t%t&iC a& i%st l&aiC i<
l
F j&ngBiatC i<a&
'rj%lit n @ai'nOa DA%i&l&iC n*r&'tJ <(&<seC 2are 2&@ tre2ea4 "e @ir s%l(aii r&i 2 'e<I44&
*ie2e 2as e &n 2%lB%DL4
La n*r&'tar2a (in grtar a s%sOt i (%a@na AnaC ev *%ile (e '%r&@bC @ai %(iBnit4 N& @ ''t<
%T< r4i 'i ea %J<
.2
tatBFi (e%are2e s%&l ei se inea t%t 'e ling ea4 D%@<BiFie- 'rea &n %@ neaj&t%ratC 2are 2&ta
@ere& &n FL&t )
e
lng @in&nat&l ele@ent *e@ininC 2e i<a *%st (
r
Dit (e s%art4
Dis2&iileC ntre 2ei 2e l&ai@ 2alea 2%(r&l&iC se 2Biniba& (e la % 2li' la altaC 22i @i2a
s%2ietateC (e
s
rnes
te2at 2e eraC n& 'rea '&tea s *ie a(&s la n&@it%r 2%@&n4 N& ne lega ni@i2C
n a*ar (e interes&l Dilei j
e
a
ne ti la a('%st i n a*arC '%ateC (e interes&l &@%risti2 a2%r(at
&n&i gea@antan4 M re*er la gear*antan&lC 'e 2are (%2t%r&l l @&taC inn(&<l ne2&r@at s&bt
%bserAaieC 2&@ &n beiAan i<ar @&ta (a@igeana4 Gea@antan&l (eAeniC 2Biar i 'entr& 2%'iii
2e ne ns%ea&C inta ie ata2 a &n%r al&Dii 2r&nte i neAin%Aate4
A@ @ai str&it 'e '%(i&l Bli(ar&l&iC @&tn(&<ne (&' 2&@ btea s%areleC 'n la as*init4 )e
sear 2%b%<lr@ In 2t&nC 'rin alt 'arte (e2t la &r2are4 Ate'ta@ s se nt&ne2e (e<a bineleaC
'entr& 2a s n& ne re@ar2e G&ra "at&l&iC 2n( aAea@ s intr@ n slaeC 'rin (%s&l gr(inil%r4
"%sir@ att (e r&'i (e %b%sealC 2 n<a@ @ai $11 >ttti-
s
ne
ri(i2@ (e 'e s2a&neC 'e 2are
le si@ea@ B 'r%teDe bine*2t%are4 -i aaC %g%iai (e t2ereaC tsase 'rintre n%iC ne 'regtea@
(e %(iBn (e abia ter@inar@ 2& 2inaC 2n( 'i int2le B&@ a &sti n n2'ereaC 2e ne serAea
(re't s
.
r
L O
*
ZJIe ie s *&gi@ iariC se s'&ne 2 @ai AinM t( (in @&niL4
ia @ea i *ii2a iDb&2nir ntr<&n 'lns r 2areC 2e n& @ai '&tea *i eAitat4 &C *^
.Ug
C4a@ 2& @ine
ns&@iC s<@i 'streD 2al@& K,
i
neC (ar a2&@C n%a'tea444 '%ate 2 ar * s it<
H
i@ n '(&ri2ea (in
(%s&l gr(inil%r S e& 2& 'rerea4 K)n n (%s&l gr(inil%rF ns4J 'ie'ti &n (eal4 )rintele era
(e a2eeai 'arei n grab 't&ri i 'erneC i '%rnii @4 (e ast (at @ai '&iniC 'e nt&neri2C
'rin gr(in n s&s4 2a 'e<% s2ar 'ieDiaC n beDn &r2&&l era nes'&s (e aneA%i%s4 Ne '%ti2<
nea@ i 2(ea@ la *ie2e 'as4 +reb&ia s @ai (%@%li@ 2& 2&Ainte as're i 'lns&l *e@eil%r4
Aa(arC t%2@ai 2n(C n s*ritC '&tea@ s s'er@ 2 a tre2&t %ri2e 'ri@ej(ieC a*la<
r
@ 2 altaC
i @ai @areC ne 'n(ete4 Mai @areC (e%are2e general&l<2%@an(6int 'rsin( sat&l n 2&rs&l
DileiC s<ar
Y>
C?i!7dI/C
ra e 'ali(C
&*i2ient i ((&i a s iei L&ar@
'&tea 2a (iAiDiaC 2e AineC s se %'reas2 (e<a bineleC (e(n(&<se la ja*C beie i %rgii4 D&'
2aDne 2e ne stil 2ea& gleDneleC aj&nge@ n '(&ri2ea (e (eas&'ra gra(4 ni l%r4 N& n(rDnea@
s a'rin(e@ ni2i @2ar &n 2Bibi i ne2&@ Are&n @&2 (e l&@inareC 2a s n& atrage@ l&a rea
a@inte a gl%atel%rC (es're a 2r%r a'r%'iat s%sire ni se A%rbise4
M ngrij%ra s%arta ieenil%rC 2are s<a& nt%rs (e asta (atC iariC n 2asa btrn&l&i L%ga4 Dar
@ linii&4 s'&nn(&<@i 2 ei s<a& retrasC ase@enea n%&C 'e % 2%sti ling r&4 D&' 2tAa
ti@' @i se 'r& 2a@ 2i&(at 2 n& si a&Dea& ni2i 2Bi%teC ni2i 'it'ala2&l (e @etalC ni2i '%2neiT
(e '&2C ni2i 2nte2e (e D@ei asiati2i4 De &n(e n2BeiereIC @eaC 2 (iAiDia era n2 *%arte
(e'arte4 AAea@ (e2i ti@' s ne 2&t@ &n atern&t 'e s&bt 2%'a2iC @ai 'e '%triAa *'t&ril%r
n%astre4 O2Bi&l se @ai %bin&i 2& nt&neri2& n2t 2& '&in n2%r(are (esl&ea@ sil&ete (e
%a@eni i 2%'a2i4 Ne<a@ ntins 't&rile 'e *r&nDe &s2ate4 & 2& s%ia @ea i 2& *ii2a st@ (e
ast (at alt&ri4 C& *ii2<@ea '&tea@ s '%Aestes2 n2eti%rC n %a'tC 22i i inea &re2Bea
lng g&ra @ea4 "e Dbtea n ea &n tre@&r nerA%s4 2a *&rt&na ntr<&n 'aBar4 Lng @ine se @ai
liniti4 )rintre *r&nDele 2%'a2il%r se Drea& stelele4 N& A%rb^ <a ni@eni 'rin a'r%'iere4 De'arte
s're @iaD<n%a'te s% a&Dea&C stinseCF b&b&it&ri (e t&n4 Intia %ar a&Dea@ in 2&rs&l a2est&i
rDb%i t&n&ri l&n( 'arte la % btlie4 L&'tele aAea& 'r%babil l%2 (in2%l% (e Ai&(C n linie
aeriana 2a@ la Y1 c@ (e n%i4 B&b&it&rile le a&Dea@ rarC i 'artIC @ai @< 'rin '@nt (e2t
'rin aer4 Ii %'tii *ii2ei @e^ n &re2Be 3 KA&Di H "&nt b&b&it&ri (e t&n4 Ii Aei a(&2 S a@inte
@ai trDi&C 2 ai a&Dit i t& btaia t&n&l&i n @areL3 rDb%i4 -i<i Aei a@inti t%t(ea&na (e a2este
(%& Dil^ 2n( *r%nt&l a tre2&t att (e @&l2%@ 'este n%iL4
KC&@ H M&l2%@ Di2i HL @ ntreb I%ana4
KN& se '&tea @ai @&l2%@C (raga @ea 7L i rs'&n( 2a s<% nA 2& relatiAitatea a're2ieril%r4
,e&ii s sting 'ani2a n s&*let&l 2%'ileiC i ea i re(%bn(i 2al@&lC (e'linC n braele @ele4 O
@ai a2%'eri3 2& % 't&rC 22i n%a'tea '&tea s a(&2 br&@ alba 'este n%i4 +2&r@ a'%iC i
n2er2ar@ s a(%r@i@4 "&*letele ne era& rAite i a'r%a'e b%lnaAe (e 2ele nt@<'late n
La2este DileC iar s%@n&l ne %2%lea4 Intr<&n trDi& *ii2<@ea @i %'ti 3
..
*6+ti2&leC AeDi t& stea&a a2eea 'rintre *r&nDe HL 3CO A(4 2&@ n<a Ae(ea<% H
il
ntres2 e&4 K@i
t%t Aine s s'&n '%eDia a2eea 2& stea&a i 2& CC
a
sereaC '%eDia taC 2are se '%triAete 2& starea
n%astr
CC"'&ne<@i<% i @ieLC i Di2C K% @ai tii 'e (ina*ar HL CCN<a@ &itat<%4 " i<% s'&n HL
K" @i<% s'&iL4 RT
-i *ii2<@ea re2ita n2etC si@'l& 3 K"t n 2%(r& *r slaA @are 'asre b%lnaA4 FNalt st s&bt
2er&l @i2 -i n<% Ain(e2 ni@i24 N&@ai r%&C (a2<ar beaC 2& 2en&C s2r&@ (e steaC "e t%t &it<
n s&sC b%lnaAC La 2ea stea 'este (&@braAL4
S K)n (i@ineaLC i Di2C K% s ne 2a( 'e g&rC i r%& K'en&4 -i<a2&@ s r&g@ s%@n&l
s ne a2%'ereL4
+%t&i n& '&t&r@ a(%r@i4 n Aale se lsase linitea4 Cte<&n ltrat (e 2ine se a&Dea 2te%(at
i<att4 D&' %re (e nes%@n 'rinse n n%i r(2ini bn&iala 2 Ki@inentaL s%sire a &nei n%i
(iAiDii treb&ie s *i *%st &n DA%n *als4 )rintele B&neaC srin( (in 2&l2&&l (e s&bt 2%'a2iC
(es2inse 'rin gr(inC s're a is2%(i i a a(&2e Aeti4 N& se a&Dea (e2t A&iet&l egal al a'el%rC i
iariC @ai str&it%rC ltrat&l Are&n&i 2ine aat (e tre2t%ri4 D&' @ir%s&l n%'ii 'rintele
B&nea Aeni 2& Aestea 2 DA%n&l (es're s%sirea a'r%'iat a &nei alte (iAiDii r&seti se
(%Ae(eteC (&' t%ate se@neleC (e (%@eni&l i@aginaiei s2itate a stenil%rC sa&C i @ai
'r%babilC (re't ns2%<Be a 2&iAa 2are inea 2& %ri2e 're s 'r%(&2 'ani2 'rintre K(%@niLC
22i K(%@niiL n& @ai treb&ia& s aib I a2i n2%l% ni2i % 2li' (e linite i ni2i &n l%2%rC &n(e
I 2&l2e 2a'&l4 KIatLC @i<a@ DisC Ks&bt 2e *%r@e iDb&2</C resenti@entele %@&l&i @'%triAa
%@&l&i 7L -i 2& a2est gn( a@ar a@ 2%b%rt (in nalt&l gr(inil%r n l2a&rile n%astreC
'ieDiC 2a ntr<% 'r'astie4
M s2&lai (est&l (e (i@inea i tre2&i 'e la 2asa btrn&l&i L%ga4 Ca s a*l&C 2& &l&ireC 2
'r%*es%r&l ieean 2& (%a@na Ana a& 'le2at @ai a2&@ &n s*ert (e 2eas s're Oebe<Alba i s're
C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC (e &n(eC n& se tie (in 2e 'ri2iniC inea& s aj&ng 2t @ai re'e(eC i (e
Y8
n(at 2e @'rej&rrile le<ar ng(&iC la Alba<I&lia A2east (e a (%&a 'le2are la re'eDealC a
ieenil%rC @i (a t%t&iC (e gn(it4 Oare nat&ralist&l n& A%ia s<i tii s%ia 9 'rin a'r%'ierea
@ea H
Btrn&l L%ga @i serAi a@n&nte 'it%reti (es're *el&l 2&@ a gD(&it 'e general&l r&sC a 2r&i
e(ere (e<% n%a'te a salAat (e ja* i (e 'r'( 2@rileC 'iAniele i @&ierile 2t&n&l&i4
General&l n& se nA%ise s se 2&l2e n atern&t&l @%ale i 2&rat al 'at&l&iC 2e i se 'regtise
ntr<% %(aie 2tre &li4 C%@an(ant&l (%r@i @br2atC i an&@e 'e<% laAi (e le@n4 n ti@' 2e
s%l(ai 2& '&ti a&<l %rnate sttea& (e 'aD la t%ate &ileC 'e 2are s<ar *i '&t&t aj&nge la el4
Di@ineaaC g%s'%(ina 2asei 'regti &n 2eai 'entr& general&l<2%@an(antC 'e<% taA alt&ri i
'&se brnD4 @slineC r%ii4 General&l i si@'li*i2 @i2&l (ej&nC t&rnn( n 2eai brnDaC
@slinele i r%iile tiate *elii4 Mixt&ra a2eastaC 2are (&' reetele @e(ieAale ar *i (at natere
la nite %are2iC *& 2%ns&@at la re'eDeal4 General&l 'le2 a'%i 2& t%at s&ita sa4
n 2&rs&l Dilel%r &r@t%are aAea& s s%seas2 'n n 2t&n&l n%str&C 2& (&i&@&lC n%i i n%i
in*%r@aii i ane2(%te (es're @%(&l @< @ai agitat i @ai s'e2ta2&l%s a7 naintrii *r%nt&l&i
(e la Ai&( s're MiaD<n%a'te4 n(e%sebi n in&t&l Ain&ril%r naintarea l&a as'e2teC &nele gr%<
tetiC altele (e s*rit (e Aea24 K)e<a2%l% r&s&l &@bl 2 'isat&l b%&l&iLC %'tea& raniiC &tiliDn(
la a('%st&l 'al@ei ri(i2ate n *aa g&riiC % 2%@'araie 2&leas (in ex'2 riena r&sti2 'entr& a
2ara2teriDa @ers&l n Dig<Dag a7 t&r@entail%r (&Bnin( a &@eDeal4 CC i *%arte gre& s<i @ai
&rneti 'e r&iC la ata2C 2n( (a& (e 'iAniele gr%*il%rL @ai a(&ga& eiC K2<i @ai (&l2e s te
'r'(eti ne2at n Ain&l s2'at (in b&i @'&2ate 'rin 'iAnii4 (e2t s ca9u n 'l%aia (e
gl%ane a @itralierel%r (&@aneFF4
n 'reaj@a e2Bin%2i&l&i (e t%a@n aAea s (ea b&Dna n %gra(a n%astr (e la C'lna 9 2ir&e
H Le%nte 7 !enea (in C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC n*r&ntn( 'ri@ej(iile 2%tit&rii ist%ri2eC la 2are ne
gsea@4 KI@'%rtante treb&ie s *ie @%li AeleC 2e l<a& (eter@inat s rite &n ase@enea (r&@C n
2%n(iiile a2t&aleLC @i<a@ DisC a&Din(&<i glas&l n 2&rte4
Y;
c<a@ nt@'inat 'e 'ris'C n& *r (e &n s&rs *2&t
s
<@i a2%'ere n2%r(area4 -i a@ intrat
a@n(%i n s&*ragerieC (e &n(e n<a@ @ai ieit 'n 'e sear4 !enise 2& gn( +reb&ia s
exa@in@ @ai n(ea'r%a'e sit&aia4 Mi se strngea ini@a i @i se n2reea *r&ntea (e 2eea
2e bn&ia@ 2 % s<@i 2%@&ni2e4 )rin C@'&l 5r&@%as2j4C *r%nt&l tre2&se n Aal&riC 2e s%sea&
i (in @&ni i (in !alea "e<2a&l&i4 )e a2%l% se @ai tra& &r2a& %tiC (ar i gl%ate iD%lateC
Aenin( 'e %sea&a nai%nalC (e la "ibi&C s're Alba<I&lia4 44N& las r&ii ni2i &n 'eti2 (e
'rKnt nes2%t%2itLC @i s'&se elC artn(&<@i 'e larg 2&@ s<a 2%@'%rtat n @%@entele 2riti2e4
N& s<a @i2at (in 2asC 2n( tAl&<H'L se r%st%g%li 'rin C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 Dar aA& &n stra<
#jii&C neate'tat n%r%2 2& Alexe )2&rari&C 2are s%sise 2& a@iliaC (in 2a'ital n satC n& @<
nainte4 "%ia l&i Alexe '%triAea s *ie 2Biar r&s%ai2 i n2 &na (e la M%s<icAa4 !%rbin( *r
stng2ii n grai&l K*r%nt&l&iLC ea re&i s2a'e 2asa (e 2%tr%bieli in%'%rt&ne4 C&Ant&l r&ses2 3a
% in*l&en @agi2 as&'ra %stail%rC iar 2n( era r%s<2& a22ente i @%(&laii @%s2%AiteC
2&Ant&l aAea 2Biar 2te (e &2aD4 4
Des're a2est Alexe )2&rari& tia@ L@<eC n2 (e 'e 3@&riC (in '%Aetile r&(el%r sale4 ra
&n %@ @ai n stC n%i l s%2%tea@ (in alt generaie4 ra@ n2 &n ti4 2n( Alexe 'le2C
a(%les2entC (in C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC it (e aleanC s 2&treiere l&@ea4 Alexe era *i&l &n&i San<
neg&st%rC (e<a2%l% (in sat4 AAea& (&gBean i se @ai j'a& i 2& neg%&l (e Ain&ri4 BaC ran&l
era<i 2r2i&<irC %(aia 2ea @ai retras a 2asei l%r era &n *el (e K2atL a KinteligeneiL (in
C@'&l 5r&@%asei444 Aa era 2el in n Are@ea (e (e@<C 2n( tatl l&i Le%nteC 're%t&l isile
)tra2& n(r&@a Aiaa sat&l&i (&' n%r@e @ai alteC 2are n& ex2l&(ea&C t%t&iC ni2i 2&'a
baBi24 Alexe r@in 2ele 'atr& 2lase ale gi@naDi&l&i sses2 (in "ebe<baC i at&n2iC elC *ire
n(rDneaC i aAent&r%asC B%trC Sc 2a'&l s&C s<% ia 'e j%sC n K$&n(ers2Ba*tL 'n n Ger<
*2aniaC i @ai (e'arte4 )rin kara ne@eas2 el i ns&iC < Del&l &n&i a(%les2entC 2lit (e
@<e 'aniiC @eseria (e ti'%gra* i (e *%t%gra*4 D&' 2iAa ani (e tr&( ntr& a2este @eseriiC
AiexeC 2& (i'l%@ ne@eas2 n '&ng (e 'ieleC i 2& KCa'ital&lL l&i Marx n 2a'C % a'&2
ntr<% b&n Di s're ,&sia aristC i n& se @ai %'ri (e2t Bt la M%s2%Aa4 C& @eseriile nAate
n Ger@ania se '&tea *a2eC
Y0
'e la .011C treab 2& *%l%s la M%s2%Aa4 "%sea&C (in 2n( n 2n(C s2ris%ri n C@'&l
5r&@%aseiC (in @'ria ar&l&i4 AlexeC iste (in 2ale a*arC se (es2&r2 'rintre neA%i4 iar 2&
ti@'&l i nte@eiaD atelier i % @i2 ti'arni4 "i 2st%ri 2& % @%s2%Ait4 i *2& legt&ri 2&
@i2area @&n2it%reas2 (in Ae2Bea 2a'ital a ,&siei4 Ct a (&rat nti&i rDb%i @%n(ialC ani (e
Dile n& s<a @ai a&Dit 'e la n%i ni@i2 (es're Alexe4 D&' rDb%iC i (&' 2e +ransilAania se &ni
2& 'atria<@&@C a*lai (e la nite %a@eni '%liti2I r%@NniC 2are n ti@'&l rDb%i&l&i a& rt2it
'rin ,&siaC 2a Alexe )2&rari& era n2 t%t la M%s2%Aa4 O(at 2& reA%l&ia (in O2t%@brieC el
aj&nsese 2Biar &n *el (e 'ri@ar ai &n&i se2t%r al M%s2%Aei4 n a2east 2alitate se (&2ea a(eseaC
n a&(ien (e l&2r&C la4Lenin4 Cei 2iAa %a@eni '%liti2i r%@NniC neA%ii s se re*&gieDe (in
M%l(%Aa n ,&siaC a& aj&ns n ti@'&l reA%l&iei la grea n2&r2t&r4 Alexe )2&rari& le<a
(at ns (e &r@4 -i 2a &n b&n r%@Nn 2e eraC el a *2&t r%st %a@enil%r '%liti2i r%@Nni (i
'aa'%arte4 N&@ai aa %a@enii a2etia a& '&t&t s 'rseas2 ,&sia i s trea2 n "&e(iaC iar
(e<a2%l% la )aris n ti@'&l 2&@'litei *%a@ete (in .0:. Alexe )2&rari& i a(&se a@inte (e
sat&l s& natalC (e r&(ele sale i (e Aalea 'rin 2are 2&rgea la'te i @iere4 l *2& 2e *2&C i
iDb&ti s<i a(&2 *a@ilia (e la M%s2%Aa n C@'&l 5r&@%asei At&n2i @i s<a (at s<l
rentlnes24 La Cl&j Alexe era %@ 'e la 'atr&De2i (e ani4 Mi<a A%rbit (es're l&@ea n%&II (in
,&sia4 Gria n *raDe 2%re2t ti2l&ite i 2& sin2er ent& Dias@ (es're 2&2eririle reA%l&iei
s%2ialiste4 Mi<a s'&s 2I4 se<nt%ar2e iar la M%s2%AaC (ar 2<i las *a@ilia n C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC
a2easta (in 'ri2ina *%a@etei 2e bnt&ie n ,&sia4 -i<a 'le2at4 -i iari n<a@ @ai a&Dit @<
ti@' ni@i2 (es're el4 D&' Are% 2in2i<ase aniC t%2@ai nainte (e a 'le2a n strintate U@i
n2e'ea@ 2ariera (i'l%@ati2V se *2& s<l ntlnes2 'e AlexeC n 2Bi' ne'reAD&tC la
B&2&reti 3 KCe e H Ce s<a nt@'lat HL l ntrebC Kte tia@ la M%s2%AaL4 Ne (&ser@ ntr<%
2a*enea &n(e @i '%Aesti 'e larg O(iseea l&i4 )eri'eiile ne*aste n2e'&ser t%t irI .0:.C i ele
Aenir aa4 n (r&@ s're M%s2%AaC tre2n( 'rin B&2&retiC el se gn(i s *a2 % AiDit
%a@enil%r '%liti2i r%@NniC 'e 2are i salAase la M%s2%Aa nMti@'&l reA%l&iei4 Bine*2t%r&l (e
%(ini%ar si@i neA%ia s reAa( 'e %a@eniiC 2r%ra le *2&se &n bineC 22i n& n&@ai &2iga&l
"n si@te n(e@nat s se abat 'e la l%2&l 2ri@ei4 La na<
C1
'%ier2a sa la M%s2%AaC %*i2ialitatea era in*%r@at as&'ra a2est%r AiDite4 Alexe (eAenise
s&s'e2tC i a2easta a *%st s&*i2ient 2a el s *ie arestat i<a'%i in&t la &@e( i r2%areC *r
j&(e2atC Are% trei<'atr& ani4 A *%st tre2&t %@&l 'rin @<e n2Bis%ri4 Dintr<% n2Bis%are Alexe
re&i n
2
ele (in &r@ s eAa(eDe I ieea 'e '%arta 'eniten2iar&l&i @ 2alitate (e K2a(aAr&L4
De2larat K(e2e(atL (in 'artea 'aDni2il%rC n(&'le2ai 2& A%rbe i 'r%@isi&ni *& s2%s
O'entr& Kn@%r@ntareL4 KM%rt&lL 2&treier a'%i tA*B' (e &ni 9 regi&ni i rai%ane4 B&n
2&n%s2t%r al %bi2ei&ril%r j@nt&l&iC 2a i al teBni2ii se2&ritiiC el *&ge (in ,&siaC s%sete n
ara 'rinil%r si4 A2i %@&l se n*iri' re'e(e4 L se g%s'%(rete 2& l&2i(itatea i 2& Brni2ia
%@&l&i C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC (ar i 2& 'asi&nea @%s2%AitC (e s<a 2%nta@inat Are@e (e<&n
s*ert (e Aea24 Un&l e a2ei %a@eni '%liti2iC 'e 2are el i salAase la M%s2%Aa @'&l reA%l&iei i
2areC nt%rs n arC l&a n 'ri@<an&l&i .0:Y InterneleC i ntin(e % 2al( @n (e j&i%r4 Alexe
i (es2%'er a'etit&rile (e b&n b&rgBeD Ti 'r%*itC *r @< alegereC (e aAantajele
K2a'italis@&<?n + re'&(iat n2 (in a(%les2en4 i njgBebeaD % n<Jj e'rin(ereC i<i '&ne
te@ei&ri (in 2ele @ai seri%aseC %b<in@( 'riAilegi&l (e a ti'ri a*iele ele2t%rale ale n%&l&i
I&Z%rn4 n 2iAa ani (eAine @are in(&striaC *r ni2i % I%n2&ren seri%as n se2t%r&l
@eseriil%r 2e i le ns&ise 3n(Aa n Ger@aniaC i 'e 2are le 'ra2ti2ase 2& s&22es la #%s2%Aa4
Mai aAea (%arC 'rintre 'i2t&riC &nele L@iDeriiC &n 2n( n 2n(C 2& "ig&rana r%@Nneas24
Un CCbineA%i<,%rLFC r%s (e 'iD@C n *aa &nei atari 2't&ieliC are s 'li ag l&area a@inte a
"ig&ranei as&'ra a2est&i Kagent F@%s2%AitL4 Dar Alexe iese i (in n%&a n2&r2t&r4 n @e<
@%rii s2riseC (%2&@entat i 2& AerAC el arat 2 s<a '&rtat 2a &n KbraA r%@NnLC t%t(ea&na i
'ret&tin(eniC 2Biar i in ara ste'el%r i a neg&ril%r (e @iaD<n%a'te4 n a2eleai @e@%rii el
@ai artaC 2e n& tia@ ni2i e& 'n n a2est @%@entC 2 n 2%n(iiile &nei l&@iC 2are se n2Bega
(in Ba%sC el i<a serAit ara l&iC 2ea a(eAratC (e la g&rile D&nrii i (in Car'aiC (e 2te %ri i s<
a %*erit 'rilej4 l a r@as Kr%@NnLC aa 2&@ '%'a !asile )tra2& (in C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC tatl
*il%D%*&l&i Le%nte )tra2&C l nAase 2& 2&Ant&l i 2& 'il(a4 +eDa&r&l Bn2ii Nai%nale a
,%@Nniei a *%st tri@isC 'rintr<% in2re(ibil li's (e 'reAiDi&neC n ti@'&l 'ri@&l&i rDb%i
@%n(ialC 2Biar
8.
(e g&Aern&l r%@NnC la M%s2%AaC s're a *i '&s a2%l% la a('%st *a (e Ai2isit&(inile &nei *%arte
'r%babile %2&'aii ne@eti i a&strie2e4 +eDa&r&l 2D& n .0.8 n st<'nirea b&n&l&i 'la2 al
@arii reA%l&ii r&seti4 AlexeC 2areC n 2alitatea sa (e 'ri@ar ntr<&n se2t%r al Ae2Bii 2a'itale
r&seC aAea a22es 'e &n(e ni2i n& s<ar 2re(eC a*lase i (es're &n @are st%2 (e Brtie s'e2ial
4C$asser(r&2cL4 'entr& ban2n%te Kale Bn2ii Nai%nale a ,%@NnieiLC (e'%Ditat ntr<% taini a
se2t%r&l&i s&4 lC 2a 4CbraA r%@NnL s<a (&s at&n2iC n 'ers%anC iC n re'etate rn(&riC a Arsat
(intr<% (a@igeana 'etr%l 'este t%at a2ea Brtie4 2a s n& @ai '%at *i *%l%sit la ti'rirea (e
n%i ban2<ri%te4 Alexe se AD&se n(e@nat la a2east *ant (e glas&l 2%ntiinei saleC 2are<i
A%rbea nt%2@ai 2& A%2ea '%'ii !asile )tra2&4 2%b%rt tare (e (e@< n Nrna sat&l&i natal4
a'ta s2&tea stat&l r%@Nn (e<% &ria 'ag&b4 Un ase@enea arg&@ent 2(ea gre& n 2&@'n
la 2ei nsr2inai 2& an2Betarea 2aD&l&iC i Kagent&l @%s2%AitFF n2eta n s*rit s @ai *ie s2it
(e 'atr& %ri 'e l&n (e %a@enii "ig&ranei4 Ne a'r%'ie@ a2&@ Aertigin%s (e s*rit&l 2el&i (e<
al (%ilea rDb%i @%n(ial4 n aj&n&l nt%rst&rii (e la :/ A&g&stC 2e are s aeDe 'e r%@Nni
alt&ri (e aliaii si K*iretiL (e alt(atC Alexe i a(&2e a@inte (e tre2&t&l s&C '%Aestit n
@e@%riiC 2e Da2 'rin arBiAe se2i eleC 2ari Ktre2&tL ar '&tea s *ie (in n%& s2%s la l&@inC la
l&@in 2& t%t&l (e alt 2&l%areC (a2 l&2r&rile s<ar s2Bi@ba4 In 'rag&l 44nt%rst&rii
.
F Alexe
'lea2 (in Ca'ital i % ine a 'n n sat&l s& (e %brieC 'n n C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 A2i
trase n *%sta 2as 'rinteas2 a *il%D%*&l&i Le%nte )N<2ra2&C (est&l (e n2't%are s @ai
2&'rin( % *a@ilie4 Aa se 2%@'%rt biata *iin %@eneas2 n @'rej&rai i graAeC (e rs2r&2eC
e2BiAalente &n&i Airt&al 'r'(4 "<ar nt%ar2e ins&l 2it @ai tare na'%iC n 'eisaj&l natalC '&rtat
(e senti@ent&l 2 ar *i *%st @ai bine s n& se *i ns2&t ni2i%(at4
n C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 Alexe *2eaC (e2iC (e la % Are@eC t%Arie l&i Le%nteC i (e<a l&ng&l
Dilel%rC '%rnite 'e s2(ereC ei (is2&ta& as&'ra sit&aieiC 'e 2are % nt%r2ea& 'e t%ate *eele4
Alexe 2&n%tea (intr<% ex'erien (e &n s*ert (e Aea2 s&*let&l r&s i @et%(ele (e l&2r& (e
@ar^ 're2iDie ale regi@&l&i s%Aieti24 l D@bi a@ar 2n( 2iti n Diare 2&Ant (es're n%n4<
i@ixti&nea n treb&rile interne ale ,%@NnieiC 'r%@is (e r&i4 Le%nte Aenea (in C@'&l
C:
*r&@%asei la C'lna s<@i *a2 2&n%s2&te i @ie 'rerile i a're2ierile l&i Alexe4
K!ine 'r'(C asta<i 'rer4ea l&i AlexeLC @i s'&ne Le%nteC 44n& 'este n%a'teC 2i n2et&l
2& n2et&l4 ,&ii a'li2 %ri&n(e @et%(ele n2er2ate la ei a2asC le a'li2 ai(%@aC *r (e ni2i %
i@aginaieC 'ret&tin(eniC &n(e aj&ng4 i 'retin( 2 *a2 '%liti2 tiini*i2C n<a& neA%ie (e
i@aginaie4 ,&ii s&nt 2%nAini 2 ei (ein A(eAr&lC 2arO Aa *i irn'&s =(iale2ti2T 'e 2alea
*%reiC %ri&n(e A%r 'tr&n(e4 C&@ H Diale2ti2 i t%t&i 'e 2alea *%rei H n @intea l%r OH[ se
'%triAeteC 22i (iale2ti2a l%r este s%*is@&l ri(i2at B*t rang (e 'rin2i'i& &niAersal4 N<aAe@
(e2t s ne in<HOr@@ 2e a& *2&t a2asC 2a s ti@ 2e A%r *a2e ai&reaC SH la n%i4 O@&l Aa *i
asi@ilat ntr& t%t&l 2%%r(%natel%r S'cF @ateriale i re(&s la a&t%natis@ele (e2lanate (e
Kr%aDa *%a@ei i (e ter%are4 La n2e'&t r&ii A%r (eD%r<B*2aniDa @&n2a i 'r%(&2ia4 )rin
=li's&riTC i@'&se @et%(i2 Bi ntr<a(insC ei A%r n2er2a s ne 2%nAingC 2 %@&l este Bleea 2e
@nn2 i ni@i2 alt4 D&' 2e A%r *i (istr&s t%ate S'reteniile la &n niAel (e trai %@enes2C ei
A%r (es*iina Bri2e si@ (e (e@nitateC 're*2n( 'e %@C n2et&l 2& n<ilC ntr<&n a&t%@at al
@&n2ii n serAi2i&l stat&l&i4 -i <i stat&l H n 'ri@&l rn( n%&a =elitTC 2are 2%nsi (er 'e
intele2t&al&l (e A%2aie (re't (&@an&l n&@r&l &n& al ei4 Aa Disa =linieT Aa l&a l%2&l
libertii s'irit&aleC l%Din2a Aa l&a l%2&l 2%ntiineiC 'arti(&l Aa l&a l%2&l l&i D&@neDe&L4 9
Ca@ a2estea era&C n *%arte4n&@rate 2&AinteC 'rerile l&i Alexe 2& 'riAire la trans*%r@rile 2e
S'%r aAea l%2 n starea (e s'irit %bteas2 'e (e % 'arte4 W@i str&2t&ra s%2ialC 'e (e alta4
)rerile l&i Alexe n& a(&<Hra& ni@i2 n%& la 2ele 2e gn(iser@ i n%iC 2ei (%i Kge<HBeniLFC
@ai nainteC (ar ele se r%stea& 'e te@ei&l &n%r S'airi a&tenti2e i a &nei ex'eriene 2%ns&@ate4
Iar trirea Ki ex'eriena a& (ar&l s Dg&(&ie 2%ntiina ntr<&n 2Bi'C @ si@'la %'inie n<% are
ni2i%(at4 KDar 2e<i (e *2&t HL ntreb 'e Le%nte4 KNi@i2 (e%2a@(at 7LF ((& (in 2a' L^
+%t
Alexe 3 " ne nar@@ 2& a2este a're2ieriC Di2e elC i 2& a2este ex'erieneC *a (e t%t 2e Aa
s a(&2 Di&a Ai
s&l4
K i asta 2eAaLC i rs'&n(C Ks tii (inainteH la 2e te ate'taC s 2&n%ti 2eea 2e Aine n 2Bi'
2ert4 )%i s
8/
%Aii rea2ti&ni in&tile i s n2er2i s te salAeDi n l&@ea (in&ntr&C '%triAin(&<te a'arent
@'rej&rril%rL4
Le%nteC 2are era @ai Kl&2i(L i @ai K2%ntientL (e2t @ineC *2eaC n 'aranteDC i 2& &n aer (e
si@'l& te%reti2ianC el%gi&l sin&2i(erii er%i2eC 'e 2are n&@ai st%i2ii s<a& 'ri2e'&t s<% neleag
2a % @are Airt&te4
& '%rnea@ (e la % an&@e ng(&in *a (e slbi2i&nile %@enetiC i n&<i a'r%ba@
nt%t(ea&na retranrile n Kabs%l&tL4 Bln(eea n&<i 'er@itea &n t%n @ai B%trtC i<at&n2i el
@ a'%str%*aC @&strn(&<@ %are2&@ n& 'rin t%nC 2i 'rin 2ele 2e s'&neaC 2ntrin( 2& *%arte
@< grij 2&Aintele 3 Kn @%@ente 2a a2estea 2%ntiin n& '%ate *i salAat (e la Ai2ierea 'rin
2%@'r%@is&riC (e2t 'rin ase@enea Airt&i4 "t%i2is@&l anti2C treb&ie renAiatL4
KDar (e &n(e l&@ '&terea HL n2er2 e& s<l n(r&@ s're Aalea 2%ntingenel%r i a
relatiAitil%rC Klabilitatea n%astr Aine (in %rgani24 M ntrebC b&n%arC (a2 % eAent&al
B%trre a @ea (e a @ sin&2i(e s<ar eAa'%ra n *aa s&rs&l&i @areC 2are este (%a@na Ana H A
'r%'%sC 'rin 2e l%2&ri s<a as2&ns H Ce neg&ri a& ngBiit<% *r &r@ H De @<e %ri @i s'&n
2 &n s&rs al (%a@nei Ana ar '&tea s 2%@'enseDe n 2&@'na Aal%ril%r 9 2Biar i
'rb&irea &n&i 2%ntinent4 !eDi t&C 2&@ ini@a @i s2%ate (in &D 2%ntiina HL
K-tia@ 2 Aei aj&nge a2iLC @i rs'&n(e Le%nte 2& a'arent ng(&inC Kn (is2&iileC 2e se
is2 ntre n%iC aj&ng t%t(ea&naC (in (%&<trei salt&riC n sit&aiiC 2e an&leaD a(eAratele s%l&ii4
A2easta (in 'ri2ina *el&l&i t& (e a '&ne 'r%ble@ele4 D%a@na Ana H DaC (%a@na Ana 7 ntr<
a(eAr &n @are s&rs4 Marele s&rs a tre2&t a2&@ (e 2ealalt 'arte a M&re&l&i4 -i s&nt sig&r
2 se gn(ete n 2li'a a2easta la n%i 9 ea 2a&t n M&nii A'&seniC 'rin nisi' (e a&rC b&r&ieni
(e lea2C 'entr& 2%ntiina b%lnaA a &n&i *il%D%* i 'entr& ini@a rnit a &n&i '%etL4
Le%nte a @as la n%iC n C'lnaC Are% (%&<tre Dile L<a@ '&rtat 2& 2eas&rile 'rin 2%2la&ri i
'rin ge%gra*ia 2t&n&l&i4 Des*&ra@ &n 2@'C 2&@ ai (es*a2e s&l&*&n&i 'lan ingineres2C i<i
arta@ l%2&l &n(e N%e i<a 2j(it ar2a4 +reDea@ astlel n el % Aie 2&ri%Ditate (e a 2iti 2t @ai
2&rn( 'iesa4 ,ealitatea i legen(a se @'letea& n *aa @ea aa (e *ires2C 2 '&tea@ s
l%2aliDeD a2i&nea 2& t%ate a@n&ntele i 'eri'eiile eiC 2Biar n larg&l 'riAelitiiC 2e<%
2&'rin(ea@ 2& %2Bii4
C2
Le%nte 2%b%r a'%iC 2& @ers (e (estinC i 2a &n 2i%t*tin (e alt(atC s're C@'&l 5r&@%asei4
H%trr@ s ate't@4 Ce H Aeni@enteleC 2areC (&' 'rerea l&i AlexeC aAea& s (&2
inex%rabil la 'rb&irea 2%ntiinei i existenei n%astre4
I )e la s*rit&l l&i se'te@brie era@ n2 t%t la G'lna4 Intr<% (i@inea ne '%@eni@ 2&
"i@i%n Bar(a4 !enea (in sat&l s&C sit&at n& t%2@ai (e'arte (e<a2i4 ra ttins 2& @ainaC s2&rt4
5&sese t&ns la s2ara Der%C i @ai '&rta AiDibil &n as'e2t (e (ein&t4 "i@i%n stt&se 2& t%t&l %'t
=l&ni n n2Bis%are4 5&sese eliberat 2Biar n n%a'tea 2n( la 3 ,a(i% s<a 2itit *ati(i2 'r%2la@aia
regal 2tre arC (e 2a<M6'it&lare i (e n2Beiere a ar@istii&l&i4 "i@i%n aAea &n Her senin4
Ne<a@ @briatC i @ b&2&ra@ (in t%t s&<S4et&l 2<l Ae(ea@ 9 liber4 Mi<a @&l&@it 2a &n
2%'ilC <'entr& a'rarea 2e<i *2&se@ n 'r%2es4 @i (estin&i (e<
Italii (in ti@'&l instr&2iei i al inter%gat%riil%r *r 2a'tC n 2&rs&l 2r%ra trib&nal&l @ilitar
(%rea s a*le n 2e @s&r '%et&l i 'r%*es%r&l Axente Creang era i@'li2at n a2i&nea
s&bAersiA a 2%@&nitil%r (e la "ibi&4
Kn Da(ar le t%t re'eta@C 2 n& aAei ni2i &n a@este2FC @i @rt&risea a2&@ "i@i%nC KeiC 2&
%riD%nt&l l%rC (e @ilitari bn&it%riC is2%(ea&C (%arC (%arC Aa iei la iAeal Are&n @%tiAC (e 2are
ar *i aA&t neA%ie s're a A aresta i 'e (<A%astr4 O si@'l atit&(ine (e %@enie i gener%Ditate
era inter'retat (e a2eti gg&iC 2a % 2%@'li2itateL4
I<a@ s'&s l&i "i@i%nC a2&@C 2 '&tea@ A%rbiC 2te n%'i ne(%r@ite @i<a 'rilej&it 'r%2es&l
s&4 5a'teC 2e se Sr(ea& n 2&rs&l instr&2i&niiC @i era& 2%@'let ne2&n%s<,&te4 ns&@i era@
2a@ (er&tat (e nat&ra l%r4 +%t&iC (in 'rietenieC a@ 2&tat s<i ns2%2es2 l&i "i@i%n &n
KalibiLF4 5re2Aentele sale ntlniri 2& &n 'ant%*ar 2&n%s2&t 2%@&nistC le ex'li2a@ n *aa
trib&nal&l&i 'rin interesele (e 2er2ett%r ale l&i "i@i%n Bar(4 l a(&na @aterial (%2&@entar
i<i *2ea *ie n Ae(erea &n&i st&(i& (e 'siB%l%gie a ti'&ril%r s%2iale4 Alibi&lC 2e i<l
ns2%2ea@C a 2%ntrib&it *r n(%ial la aten&area 'e(e'seiC 2e aAea s<% ia4 Dar n<2BiDn(
a2est 2a'it%l (e re'riAiri as&'ra &n&i re2ent tre2&tC ne<a@ ntins la A%rb as&'ra Dilei (e @ine4
8>
"i@i%n *2ea n(rDnee 'lan&ri (e Aiit%r4 !a intra n '%liti2C 22i n& '&tea s r@n la %
'arteC CC2n( n ar n2e'e 'r%2es&l (e insta&rare a &n&i regi@ s%2ialistL4 lC 'ers%nalC Aa
2&taC ntr&2t i Aa *i 2& '&tinC s n(r&@e ntr<&n sens a'&sean i intele2t&alC n%&a
%rn(&ire4 A*la@ 2 n n2Bis%are "i@i%n a aj&ns la gl2eaA 2& 2%n*raii si (e i(eiC @&n2it%riC
2are i @ani*esta& nen2re(erea t%tal n intele2t&ali4 Cl&Dit (e i(ei @arxisteC nelese t%t&i
*%arte liberC "i@i%n s'era s n(&'le2e 2%ntiina @<%r intele2t&ali (e a 'arti2i'a la l&'ta
2are n2e'e4
De%2a@(atC elC "i@i%nC Aa intra n gaDetrie4 M in*%r@a 2 Diarele s<a& '&sC (&' :/
A&g&stC n serAi2i&l n%il%r i(ei (e@%2rateC n2linn( s're stngaC 2Biar i K+elegra*&l r%@NnLC
@i s'&ne "i@i%nC K%rgan&l biseri2ii %rt%(%xe (e la "ibi&C 2are 'n @ai ieriC alaltieriC se
erijase n a'rt%r n*%2at al (i2tat&rii *as2isteC (es2%'ere a2&@ n (%2trina 2retin @ari i
a'r%a'e r%ii Airt&i (e@%2rateL4
KCe @ai tii (es're @itr%'%lit&l (e la "ibi& HL l ntreb 'e "i@i%nC a@intin(&<i (e r%l&l in*a@
'e 2are 44'rea<s*init&lL l<a j&2at n ti@'&l 'r%2es&l&iC n2er2n( s @i i@'li2e i 'e @ine n el4
KMi<a i tri@is % A%rb @ier%as s tre2 'e la (ns&l C @i s'&ne "i@i%n4 L&i i *2ea& BaD
a2este s2Bi@bri (e @a2aD (e <i@ %r ale @aril%r *ee biseri2eti4
KOa@eni *r ni2i % axLC Di2C Ksnt a2eiaiC 2are n ti@'&l rDb%i&l&i a& i@'&s 2enD&ra
te%l%gi2 2Biar i4 n &niAersiti n2er2n( s 2%ntr%leDe a2tiAitatea (i(a2ti2 a 'r%*es%ril%r (e
*il%D%*ie4 A2&@aC (intr<% (atC s<a treDit n ei % strAe2Be 2%ntiin (e@%2rat4 A& &itat 2 n&
@ai (e'arte (e2t a2&@ e an&lC ei era& a2eia 2are 'reDenta& *il%D%*ia l&i Le%nte )tra2&C
(en&nn(<% 2a % @are 'ri@ej(ie nai%nalL4
Dar "i@i%n Bar( n& se lsa trt (e ran2Bi&ne i ni2i (e n2linarea 'rea %@eneas2 (e a se
rDb&na as&'ra 'ers%anel%rC (at%rit 2r%ra a n*&n(at '&2ria4 Di@'%triAC el era gata s
ierte %ri2&i 9 %ri2e4 n2Bis%area (e %'t l&ni n& i<a s2Bi@bat *iDi%n%@iaC ni2i *iDi2C ni2i @%<
ral4 )&rta n %braji % sntate r&sti2C i<n %2Bi s2li'irea &nei inteligene AiiC (e %rean4 Din
'arte<@i @i r%stea@C (est&l (e s&bliniatC (%ar regret&l 2<l Ae(ea@ (e<'rtn(&<sFe (e
e@inentele a'it&(ini *il%D%*i2eC 2e i le
C.
,rib&ia@C 2a s se 'iar( 'entr& 2ine tie 2it ti@' n *2r2&l n%ii Aiei4
i "i@i%n reAenea n 2&rs&l 2%nAersaiei 2& % si@'atie @asiAC rneas2I as&'ra 'ers%anel%r
2are i *2&ser iJ& 2& ne@il&itaC n t%a@na tre2&t4 A2east atit&(ine @i<*t st%rs &n D@bet4
ra 2a i 2&@ "i@i%n i<a* *i ex'ri@at % @&l&@ire *a (e a2ele 'ers%aneC 22i n&@ai (at%rit
2el%r 'ti@ite (in 'ri2ina l%rC '&tea el s 'riAeas2 a2&@ 2& atta %'ti@is@ in Darea 2arierii
'%liti2eC 2e i se
(es2Bi(ea4
I !enea la C'lnaC (&' 2&@ s'&neaC 4Ca(&s (e (%r&l H a @ Ae(eaL i 'entr& a<i r%sti
gratit&(inea 'entr& OHrAeniile nen&@rateC 2e le n2er2ase@ n <i@ele %'t OH[ n *aA%area
saC la @arii DileiC i a@intii 2C n ti@'&l S*eteni&nii saleC (%a@na Marga M&rean& (e la
'atr%naj interAenit la 2ererea @ea 'entr& &n regi@ @ai '&in Hjtr n *aA%area sa4 A@
re@ar2at 2 l&i "i@i%n n&<i 'l2ea B i se a@intea2 (e interAeniile (at%rit 2r%raC la &n l
@%@ent (atC s<a& (%@%lit 'entr& el rig%rile n2Bis%rii4
@'rej&rarea a2easta a st@it an&@eC 'rintre t%Aarii I si (e s&*erinC bn&iala 2 el ar *i
&n agent al 2lasei
(%@inante4
"i@i%n Bar( @i @ai s'&ne< n s*ritC 2 a Aenit s @ i(C s<@i @&l&@eas2C (ar i *iin(2
are &nele ngri<Mri n legt&r 2& sit&aia @ea4 C&ta s @ CClini<is2LC 2%@&nien(&<@i 2
atit&(inea @ea n 'r%2es&l (e
"ibi& a treDit si@'atii 'rintre 2%@&niti4 )e (e alt rte ns "i@i%n @i (a s neleg 2 sing&ra
*aA%are4
2are @<a '&tea ate'ta (eF a2i n2%l%C era s *i& lsat
'a2e4 44'e linie @%artL4
KDar atit&(inea @ea n 'r%2es&l t&C n<a *%st l&at
gn(&l (e a 2&2eri si@'atia a2est%r 2er2&riFFC ii s'&n e& S&i "i@i%nC Ksi@'atiile l%r sntC (e2iC
2& t%t&l grat&iteL4
"i@i%n Bar( 2%ntin&C 2& &n aer 'r%te2t%rC s @ asi<Bire (e t%at grija sa 'ers%nalC
*g(&in( s li@'eDeas2 OKsN risi'eas2 &nele nenelegeri i &nele *%arte Kst&'i(eL
e2ieri n legt&r 2& 'ers%ana i 2& a2tiAitatea @ea li<
ar4
La (es'rire ne<a@ @briat4 Un *i%r re2e @ li4 OB(&l 2 @brieD 'e 2ineAaC 2areC (e 'e
'%Diia 'e <l&'t i n n&@ele steag&l&i a 2r&i bir&in % (%rea4 @i
Jsese a(n2a%ri 2 sing&ra *aA%areC 2e a @ai '&tea
taC era a2eea (e a *i lsat n 'a2e 44'e linie @%artL4
CC
D&' AiDita l&i "i@i%n Bar(C B%tri s @ nt%r2 i 2& n %ra&l (e 'e Cibin4 +reb&iaC n
s*rit s ia& @s&rile i@'&se (e br&@a t%a@nei i (e ngBe&l ist%rieiC (e a<@i trans'%rta la
"ibi& *a@iliaC b&n&rile (e stri2t ne2esitateC 2e le aAea@ la n%iC i lDile 2& *i2tiAele K2%@%riL4
Dr&@&l @e& 'n la "ibi& n2e'ea s&bt a&s'i2ii tenebr%ase4 AAea@ s a*l& 2& a2est 'rilej 2t
(e aneA%ie se 2lt%rete 2& tren&l ntr<% regi&neC 'rin 2are ar@ate &riae a& tre2&t (%ar 2&
2teAa s't@ni @ai nainteC g%nin<(&<se4 ntre Alba<I&lia i "ibi& n& @ai 2ir2&la (e2t &n
sing&r tren 'e Di4 Iar 'entr& 'ar2&rgerea 2el%r Are% >1 c@ era neA%ie (e .: %re4 )%rnea@ 'e
nt&neri2C bini%r nainte (e a se *a2e Di&4 n l&@ina *&@egn( a *elinarel%r r%ii se Ae(ea& n
Aag%n&lC &n(e re&ii s &r2 i s r@n a'%i n 'i2i%areC s%l(ai l&ngii 'e j%sC 'rintre bn2iC &n
gBiAe2i rasialC n 2are (&' %2Bii &%r 'ieDiiC gBi2eai t%ate ti'&rile &@ane ale &n&ia i
a2el&iai 2%ntinent4 )e %sea&a nai%nalC alt&ri (e 2alea *erat nainta& tr&'e r&seti4 ra %
naintareC 2areC n%&C 2el%r %bin&ii 2& %r(inea e&r%'eanC ni se 'rea Ba%ti24 Une%ri se
Drea& Aag 'e 2@' (es2Bis gl%ate *2n( exer2iii4 )rin alte l%2&riC n(e%sebi 'rin DA%aiele
satel%rC s&te i @ii (e Aite rgea&C nainte (e a *i @inate s're *r%nt4 Ar@ata s%Aieti2 se
a'r%AiDi%na ex2l&siA (in regi&nile 'rin 2are tre2ea4 !Dn( attea 2ire(e (e Aite i t&r@e (e %iC
@inate (in &r@C aAea@ i@'resia 24 &n bala&r neAD&t stinge Aiaa (in 'eisaj4 Cn( l&@ina
(i@ineii 'tr&nse 'rin gea@&ri n Aag%nC 'rinsei a (esl&i i *eele &n%r 2lt%riC aa
ngBes&ii 2&@ era&C &n&l ntr<alt&lC ntr<&n 2%l a@ (ib&it % *aC 2e @i se 'r& 2&n%s2&t4 Dar
era (e ne2reD&t4 M &it @ai atent4 DaC e (%a@na Marga M&rean&C (e la 'atr%naj4 Marea
'r%te2t%are4 A2eea 2are a %rganiDat la Alba<I&lia i @arele aDil 'entr& 2%'iii *r 'riniC
a(&nai (e 'rin M%l(%Aa4 A2eea 2are444 A2eea 2are444 "e l&@ina (e Di4 D%a@na Marga l&a
t%2@ai n a2ea 2li'C &n *&sC (e lng ea4 "&bt &n bra inea % *&r2C n 2are era s'rijinit 2aer&l
(e ln4 -i @area 'r%te2t%are n2e'& s t%ar24 i *2ea l&2r&l 2& @i2i stn<g2iiC 'ar2 at&n2i
i (e'rin(ea ntia %ar K@eseriaL4 MN stre2%rC 2&@ '%tC 'n lng ea4 M re2&n%s2&se (e la
(istan4 M a'le2 s<i 'rin( 2&Ant&l4 @i %'tete 2 este &n @%( (e a se 2a@&*la4 "e 2re(e
&r@rit i 2&tat 're<
C0
SBitin(eni4 Oa@enii DileiC D@eii ran2Bi&nel%rC A%r s<% rN<
B&n4 -i a2&@ ea 2lt%rete *r n2etareC (%arC (%arC i<a
'ier(e &r@a4 A nAat s t%ar24 Asta<i linitete nerAii4
@br2at @iDerC 2a % 2l&griC @br%b%(it 2& % 2''N
gr%asC (e ln neagr4
I A@ ntrebat<% n %a'tC 2&@ s<a 'r%(&s rst&rnarea4 Mi<a rs'&ns 2 Babar n<areC (e%are2e
n& se gsea la B&2&reti n Di&a a2eea4 Din a2ea Oi ea 2lt%rete @ere&C ntre "ebe<Alba i
"ibi&4 -i 'n a2&@ ninieni +l<a (at (e &r@a ei4
D%a@na Marga M&rean& a aA&tC 're2&@ tia@C % Aia (e @ari as2ensi&ni i (e @ari 2(eri4
Mai j%s n& 2D&se ns ni2i%(at (e2t % arta na(ir&l ei (e<a2&@4 O'inia '&bli2 era 2a@
@'rit 2t 'riAete a're2ierea a2estei a'ariii *e@inine (e anAerg&r se2&lar4 ra 2r&nt br<
Bit (e &nii4 & n<a@ 2&n%s2&t<% (e2t n i'%staDele ei bi<Se*2t%are4
n
r%st&rile @ele ea a
interAenit (e2isiA (e 'teAa %riC i n&@ai s're a @ s2%ate (in i@'as&ri4
La % 2%tit&r tren&l n%str& *& %'ritC n 2Bi' neate'tatC n a'r%'ierea &n&i sat4 "e Ae(ea 'e
gea@&rile Aag%<,&l&iC 2&@ s%l(ai r&iC 2& '&tile gata (e tragereC se 'regtea& 'ar2 s
asalteDe tren&l4 Mi s<a strns ini@a4 Ce Aa &r@a H n 'ani2aC *r (e i'eteC 2e s<a 'r%(&sC
2lt%rii a& Bile@nit n ate'tarea gr%DAiil%r4 O 'al%are nAli i n %brajii (%a@nei Marga
M&rean&4 M<a@ &itat la ea4 n2%r(areaC 'rin 2are a tre2&tC *r ntrer&'ereC n 4<i@ele
Os't@niC a '&s 'e2ete 'e *aa ei4 O nes'&s %b%sealC 'e 2are i<% nAingea t%t&iC se
(es'rin(ea (in %a'ta i (in *eni2rile ei4 aC 2are i<a 'strat tinereea 'n la Y1 (e MiniC
@btrni a2&@ n 2teAa s't@ni4 Ne ate'ta@ s 'e(e@ s%l(aii tbrn( n Aag%n as&'ra
n%astr4 D%a@na Marga n2e'& s t%ar24 ra n t%rs&l ei &n @%( (e a *i i 3 (e a rea2i%na 3
n& @ai A%ia s 'riAeas2 'e gea@ la 2ele nt@'la& n 'reaj@a tren&l&i %'rit n @ijl%2&l 2@<
'j&l&i4 a Kt%r2eaLC (e 2teAa s't@niC 2&@ *a2 trn2ileC 2are n& A%r s 'iar( Are@eaC ni2i
2n( tre2 'n la 5o Ae2in4 Desig&rC @inile (%a@nei Marga M&rean& treb&ia& s *a2 2eAa4
A2&@ ea t%r2eaC *iin(2 n& @ai A%ia s Aa( 2eea 2e ar '&tea s se nt@'le n 2li'a
&r@t%are4 a Aa t%ar2e i @ine i '%i@ineC 22i a2est l&2r& i 'rilej&iete % (estin(ere ntr<%
stare (e 2&@'lit tensi&neC 2are 'e %ri2ine l<ar r'&ne4
80
CineAa a ntrer&'t linitea 2& % ex2la@aie (e b&2&rie 3 44"%l(aii ia2 n&@ai exer2iii 7L +ren&l
*&sese %'ritC aa n&@aiC (intr<&n 2a'ri2i& al 'l&t%nieril%rC 2ari 2%@an(a& @i2ile @aneAreC 2e le
Ae(ea@C i2i<2%l%C (es*&rn(&<seC 'rin gr%'i i an&riC 'e ling %seaC (e<a l&ng&l liniei
*erate4 Un D@bet se iAi 'e *eele rAite (e s'ai@ ale 2lt%ril%r4 )rintre n%i se gsea& i
2teAa *eteC 2areC n(e%sebiC 2a nite a'e (e iDA%rC a& tre2&t n alt stare (e agregareC (e ngBeC
2n( 2ineAa a se@nat 'rintre n%i bn&iala 2 s%l(aii asalteaD tren&lC
i %'tes2 (%a@nei Marga M&rean&C 2 "i@i%n Bar(C eliberat (in n2Bis%areC @i<a *2&t n
'reDi&a % AiDit la C'lna4 A2&@ e la "ibi&4 D%a@na Marga @i s'&ne 2 (e ast (at Aa
(es2in(e i ea 'entr& 2teAa Dile la *ratele eiC la "ibi&C 22i se si@te &2is (e %b%seal4 "tr&ie
ea 3 CC,%ag 'e "i@i%n s<@i *a2 % AiDit la *ratele @e& 7L 9 A@ neles 2 n Ba%s&l (e
'ret&tin(eni al a2el%r s't<@niC ea A%ia s 'rin( (in *&nigeii t%a@neiC 2e 'l&tea& n AD(&BC
&n *ir (e legt&r 2& n%&a %rn(&ireC 2e se njgBeba4 5ir&l n<aAea % @ai @are 2%nsisten (e2t
a *&nigeil%r4 !%i A%rbi 2& "i@i%n4 n s&*let&l @e& era@ ns 2%nAins 2 "i@i%n n& Aa tre2e 'eC
la (%a@na MargaC 22i n& era el %@&l s se ex'&n bn&ielil%rC 2 ar aAea legt&riC (ire2te sa&
in(ire2teC Kaa (e strnseL 2& '&terni2ii Dilei (e ieri4
'''
La "ibi& a@ intrat n Ba%s&l 're*a2eril%rC 'e &r@a 2r%ra &nele @ini &t%'i2e ate'ta& % l&@e
@ai b&n4 )entr& &n %@ (e'lin *%r@at a(a'tarea la n%ile @'rej&rri era (in 2ale a*ar
aneA%i%as4 "e iAea& *ee n%i 'e strDi4 5iine D(ren&ite (e Ant &r2a& tre'tele *el&ritel%r
instit&ii i ntre'rin(eriC 2& aer&l (e a se trans*%r@aC (e la % Di la altaC n st'ni4
DeD@%teniii '@nt&l&i 2&ta& s<i *a2 l%2C 'ret&tin(eniC &n(e se '&tea4 )%*tele l%r 9 era&
nsC (e%2a@(atC ntr& t%t&l si@ilare '%*tel%r %a@enil%r (e ieri42are n2er2a& a2&@ s se
%bin&ias2 2& gn<
.1
n (e a tre2e 'e 'lan&l se2&n( al AieiiC %'&nin( @H&<
S i (r%j(ieiC 2e se ri(i2a&C s&rs&ri i ir%nii n l%2 (e re<
@%rala4 )rin %ra i 'e la @arginiC @i&na&C rD<i n 2eteC s%l(ai Keliberat%riFL4 De %bi2ei
t&r@entai4 jberareN (&Bnea4 Din 2li'a n 2are se lsa n%a'tea 'este a i 4A
in
& (i@ineaa n&
se @ai '&tea 2ir2&la 'e strDiC
n
e2&@ 'e aleile Arinil%rC 2e (&2 s're D&@braAC *r ris2&l (e a
ti b&D&nritC (eDbr2atC @&tilat sa& &2is4 D&@<JraAaC *r&@%asa (&@braAC se2&larC '&r i
itjili2rM s<a 're*2&tC n 2teAa s't@niC ntr<&n &ria @&r(ar atelierC 2& @ir%s (e (&B%t i (e
latrinC n 2are t%at n%a'tea Dbrnia&C la l&@in %rbit%are (e a2etilen i s&bt 2%Ailtire (e
Aer(eaC @%t%arele AeBi2%lel%r (e rDb%iC 2e aAea& ne<7e re'araii4 L&ni (e Dile A%@ a&DiC
(in l%2&ina OHmrC (in a'r%'ierea D&@brAiiC Dg%@%t&lC 2e rb&*nea S2a(at (in a2este
ateliere i@'r%AiDateC n 2are se 2r'ea& OHj ar@atei eliberat%are4 Un *el (e gr%aD 'ri@ar
ne 2n( 2(ea n%a'tea4 "%@n&lC ni se &@'lea (e 2e n& 2e(a& (e2t (i@ineaaC 2n( 'rin
gratiile
S la *erestre ntreDrea@ ntiele raDe (e l&@in4 n2er2a@ ntia %ar n Aia senti@ent&l
%@&l&i 'ri@itiAC 2are
Oe instin2tiA (e a'r%'ierea n%'iiC AD&t 2a % stiBie 2a % stiBie a(&2t%are (e (&B&ri rele i (e
ne're<@agi2eC 2%tr%'it%are 'ri@ej(ii4 "%@n&l @i era Vt (e s'ai@eC 2e l&a& % n*iare
a'r%a'e 2%r'%<@n grea 2a % lab (e &rs 2e @i<ar 2(ea 'e 'ie'tC i&<@C % r%at (e tan2 2e
@i<ar 'rin(e 'i2i%r&lC &n OOB 2e @<ar iDbi n 2ea*4 ntile raDe ale (i@ineii le @ (e aij(erea
2a %@&l 'ri@itiA4 le nse@na& eli<re (in beDnele @it%l%gi2eC (in 2ele (intiC ale l&@iiC n& se
*2ea Di& (e<a bineleaC 2n( *ata (e serAi2i& Aeti 2&lese n grab 'e la '%art (es're 2ele
'e<Ie n 2&rs&l n%'iiC la 2iAa 'ai (e 2asC sa& @ai (e<'e aleile Arinil%r i 'rin (esi&rile
D&@brAii4 +%ate lrile aAea& % legt&r %are2are 2& nt&neri2&l s*< (in 2n( n 2n(C (e
'%2nete (e '&2 i (e ar@e a&t%@ate4 A*la@ ast*el n2 la ntiele 2eas&ri ale (i@ineiiC 2 &n
tnr *r n&@e a *%st gsit g%l<na'C 2& t@'la g&ritC trntit n snge ntr<&n t&*i al aleii4 "<a
nt%rs 'e se@ne a2as (in2%l% (e %ra sig&r a a@&rg&l&i4 "a& a*la@ (es're *e@eiC t%t g%aleC
(eAastate 2a gr(inile 2& @ere (e a&r (in 2&tare bas@C 2are ast*el @i se a@inteaC s2%s (in
&itare (e<% gr%DAie "'argeriC Ai%l&riC asasinateC era& la
;.
%r(inea Dilei4 ns&@i AD&i %(atC i a2easta n 'lin 2&@ &n %sta Keliberat%rL %'ri % *at (e la
ar i 2&n % trC (&' elC s&bt % '%art 2& b%lt (e Di(4 !i2ti@a ni4 gsiC 2& i'etele eiC ni2ieri
a'rareC 2& t%ate 2 era 6 (e iar@ar%24 Oa@eniiC raniC trg%AeiC %reniC tre2eaiC nainte i se
*2ea&C as2&niC (&' @as2a &n%r 're%2&'a& 2 n& A( ni@i2C 2a i 2&@ (e la % Are@e ar *i
'&rtat 2 t%ii %2Belari (e 2'str&4
La "ibi& l gsii 'e "i@i%n Bar(4 "2ria a2&@ arti2%l%4 (e %rientri 2ar(inale ntr<% sit&aie
2%n*&DC ntr<% gaDet l%2al 2are 'n n& (e @< *&sese %rgan al (i2tat&ri3 *as2iste4
C%ti(ian&l s2Bi@base (e 2&l%are 2Biar (in Di&a 2a'it&lrii4 "i@i%n Bar( era a2&@ KI%n 2el
N%&LC &n 'se&(%ni@ (e Aag iD te%l%gi2 i (e 2i&(at a&g&rC 'e 2ar%C (e 2&rn(C (es2t&at&l
@arxist i<l l&a 2& (eDinA%lt&r4 4#%n 2el N%&L 9 a2est 'se&(%ni@ @i an&na n& n&@ai 'e
ran&l 'r%letar Aisat (e LeninC 2i i alt2eAa 3 % an&@e al&r Kbiseri2eas2L a regi@&l&i 2e
se Aa insta&ra 'e @eleag&rile n%astre4 O@&l n%& Aa se2&lariDa @<e (in as'e2tele e2lesiei4
5r (e<&n an&@e Krit&alL n& Aa '&tea s 'rin( *iin ni2i 2Biar &n regi@ e@ina@ente ateist4
)&ine Dile (&' s%sirea @ea la "ibi& a*lai 2 I%n 2ri N%& se treDiC n 2i&(a ent&Dias@&l&i
'r%'agan(isti2 al ai<ti2%lel%r sale n *aA%area @arxis@&l&i i a %@&l&i s%Aietir4 inAitat la
2%@an(a@ent&l r&s al %ra&l&iC &n(e 'ri@i aAertis@ente n legt&r 2& &n arti2%lC 2e<l
'&bli2ase n '%@enit&l Diar4 n a2el arti2%lC I%n 2el N%& *2ea al&Dii *%arte strAeDii la ja*&rileC
beiileC Ai%l&rileC 2r%ra li si (e(a& eliberat%rii4 I%n 2el N%& 2&ta s s2&De 2%@'%rta@ent&l
%sta&l&i s%Aieti2 2a &n *en%@en general (e rDb%iC inerent naintrii %ri2rei ar@ate4
n2er2area (e a 44s2&DaL a l&i I%n 2el N%&C i aAea stng2iile (e re(a2ta& i se trans*%r@a
inA%l&ntar n a2&D4 C%@an(a@ente7 a*lase nsC (in Are@eC 2 I%n 2el N%& a s2'at n& (e
@&
3
4 (in n2Bis%area la 2are l<a 2%n(a@nat regi@&l *as2ist 'en<Ir& a2i&ni n *aA%area
%rn(&irii s%Aieti2e4 I%n s<a ales s'n n%r%2&l s& (%ar 2& &n aAertis@entC seAer n *%n(C (%r%%i
in *%r@4 I s<a atras l&area a@inte 2 K(es're ar@ata eliberat%are s%Aieti2 n& se '%ate s2rie
(e2t el%gi%sC sa& ni@i2LC i 2 n ni2i &n 2aD er%i2a %aste r%ie n& '%ai CCs2&DatL 'entr& *a'te
&rteC (e 2are (e alt*el ea n& s<I^ *2&t ni2ieri i ni2i%(at Ain%AatC (&' 2&@ % (%A^
0:
ent&Dias@&l (e ne(es2risC 2& 2are este 'ret&tin(eni ri (in 'artea '%'%arel%rC K'e 2ale (e a
*i eliberateL4 "i@i%n Bar(C le'(n(&<iC (in 2n( n 2n(C 'se&(%<'i@&lC 2e<l %bliga s
(e*%r@eDe realitile '%triAit &n%r s&'eri%are 2%@an(a@enteC @ inea n 2&rent 2& eA%l&ia
'%liti2 (in ar4 )arti(&l 2%@&nist eraC (&' 'rerea saC g&r&l *a2t%r a2tiA i (e iniiatiAC 2&
t%ate 2 n& aAea 2a@(at (e2t 2teAa @ii (e @e@bri4 )entr& &n ti@'4 n&@e 'n 2n( se A%r *i
%rganiDat s&*i2iene n&2lee
U4&nisteC K'arti(&lL Aa @'ri '&terea 2& 'arti(ele Kist%ri2eL4 ra ntia %ar 2 @ Dgria n
&re2Bi a2est e'itetC se (a 'arti(el%rC 2e alternaser la '&tere nainte (e "#2tat&ra regal i 2ea
@ilitar (in ti@'&l a2est&i rDb%i4 OKb%i&lC aa %'inia "i@i%nC se Aa ter@ina n 2teAa l&ni
Oist@ la <i@ele 2%nA&lsi&ni ale *as2is@&l&i intrat ag%nieL4 'itet&l 2e se (a 'arti(el%r
@ari (e alt(at ea i@'li2aii (e're2iatiAe4 le snt Kist%ri2eLC *iin(2 9 OB n2 la '&tere 9
ele a'arin Ktre2&t&l&iL4 "nte@ n OKa liberalis@&l&i (e@%2rati2C 2n( 'arti(&l
2%@&nist KI ex'%nenii si treb&ie s se b&2&re i ei (e 'l2erile ii b&rgBeDeC i s 'r%*ite (e
resta&rarea %r(inei libere le @ir%s&rile (e grtar ale 2a'italis@&l&i intrat n '&tre*a2ieC ns&i
"i@i%n Bar( Aa *i inAitat s a22e'te (iAerse 2%nsilii (e a(@inistraie ale &n%r
ntre'rin(eriC 3n(e%sebi sit&aia (is2retC (ar bn%asC (e @e@br&C *r rs'&n(ere i *r
ris2&riC n 2%nsiliile &n%r '%stri i est%rii sseti (e la Cisn(ie4 A2easta 'n 2n( 'arti(&l
2%@&nist Aa @ai 2%lab%ra 2& 'arti(ele ist%ri2eC 2 'n n 2li'a 2n( 'arti(&l 2%@&nist i Aa
*a2e l%2 S*e&'n( t%ate '%Diiile<2Beie att la 2r@a rii 2t i n OS(&2erea '%liti2 i
e2%n%@i2 l%2alC (in 'r%Ain2iiC S*%rase i sate4 Nen%r%2itele 'arti(e Kist%ri2eLC 'asiAeC
OB%rientateC se gses2 (e 'e a2&@ n sit&aia t%t @ai [riti2 (e a se a'raC (e la % Di la altaC
la *ie2e 'as al s%a<OHMi 'e 2r&g&l s& 2eres2C (e Kelan&l ireDistibilL al 'arti(&l&i 2%@&nist4
)arti(ele ist%ri2e snt n (er&t4 De*en<a l%r e in&t s&bt 'resi&ni (e t%t s%i&l (in 'artea Keli<
at%ril%rLC 2are n Ca'ital '&n la (is'%Diia 'arti(&l&i a&nist s&*i2iente tan2&ri 'entr&
(e@%nstraiile (e (4
La 2teAa DileC (&' nt%ar2erea @ea (in re*&gi&C a@ 2 (%a@na Marga M&rean&C 2areC
%b%sit (e na<tele (intre Alba<I&lia i "ibi&C B%trse s r@n as<
0;
r&ns la *ratele eiC a *%st ri(i2at (e %a@enii "ig&ranei i trans'%rtat ntr<% n2Bis%are la
B&2&reti4 "i@i%n Bar(C 2r&ia i A%rbise@ s<i *a2 % AiDit (e 2&rt%aDieC n& a'&2ase n2
s<i @'lineas2 (%rina4 "i@i%n se artaseC 2%ntrar 'reAe(eril%r @eleC *%arte (is'&s s
(ea &r@are (%rinei (%a@nei MargaC (arC t%2@ai 2n( s<B%tr la a2est gestC &r@a s
a*le Aestea (es're arestri ei4 "i@i%n @i (estin&ia 2 (%a@na Marga n& *&sese ar&n2at n
beDna 2ar2erei (e 2tre 2%@&nitiC 2i (e &nii %a@eni ai 'arti(el%r 44ist%ri2eL4 D%a@na Marga
a *%st re@ar2at n trs&rC 2Biar 2n( se (&2ea (e la gara "ibi&l&i la l%2&ina *ratel&i ei4
,b&*nea& a2&@ Ae2Bi resenti@ente '%liti2eC 'r%Ain2ialeC ilare i ng&steC @'%triAa ei4
C2i (%a@na Marga era A(&Aa &n&i *%M 'ree(inte (e @i2 'arti(C (e alt(atC 2areC (a2 ar
@ai existaC ar *i i el n&@itC astDiC 44'arti( ist%ri2L4 L&'ta ntre 'arti(ele ist%ri2e l&ase 'e
Are@&ri *%r@e (e<% in2re(ibil Ai%len4 A2&@C n *aDa liberalis@&l&i (e@%2rati2C
2%n(&2t%rii a2est%r 'arti(eC (e<% in2%ntien t%tal 2t 'riAete 'ri@ej(iile realeC 2e<i
'tea&C se @ai lsa& ns '&rtai (e resenti@ente 'ers%naleC 2e se 2erea& 2%ns&@ate4 Un atare
'ers%naj '%liti2C ex'%nent l%2al al &rna '&terni2 'arti( ist%ri2C ADn( 'e (%a@na Marga n tr<
s&ra 2e<% (&2ea la garC *2& n&@ai(e2t (e@ers&ri la "ig&rana %ra&l&i4 CBelia *r i(ei
2erea 2a (%a@na M&rean& s *ie ri(i2at i ar&n2at la be2i4 An%ni@&l 'r%Ain2ial&l (%@nC
%rganiDat%r (e alegeri 2& 2i%@ag&3C %@&l 2are aAea &n %riD%nt intele2t&al larg 2t *ar*&ria
(in 2are @n2aC i a(&se 'r%babil a@inte (e nite '%le@i2I '%liti2eC 2e aA&seser l%2 'e
Are@&ri ntre 'ree(inii 'arti(el%r Kist%ri2eL4 "%&l (%a@nei Marga era &n '%2L nai%nalistC
&n @are %rat%r i @ai ales &n te@&t i talentat gaDetarC 2eea 2e (in '2ate n& *&seser 2eilali
'n e(ini ai (iAersel%r 'arti(e ist%ri2e4 O@&l 2& 2i%@agFF 2re(ea 2 e'igra@ele 2a&sti2e
ale (e2e(at&l&i '%et gaDetar @'%triAa 'ree(intel&i 'arti(&l&i ist%ri2C 2i 2are *2ea
'arteC treb&ia& rDb&nate n s*rit4 !i2ti@ a2est&i resenti@ent era s%ia '%et&l&i gaDetarC
(%an@4 Marga M&rean&C 2are *& ast*el (ein&tC n &n&l % 2ele @ai 2riti2e @%@ente ale
ist%riei n%astreC 2n( triAit 2la&Del%r (e ar@istii& n2e'ea t%2@ai arestarea [ ar a 2ri@inalil%r
(e rDb%i4 C %@&l 2& 2i%@ag&l a I 2&t 2e<a *2&tC n& este n 2ele (in &r@ 'rea (e @iratC
02
rDb&narea aAea ns l%2 s&bt %2Bii Aigileni ai 'ree(in<lel&i &n&i @are 'arti( ist%ri2C 2are
'rin t2erea sa a'r%ba
ire
starea4 Ase@enea @%nstr&%ase *%r@e l&ase li'sa (e aAaleris@ n
Aiaa '%liti2 (in a2el ti@'4
O li's t%tal (e 2aAaleris@ n2e'ea (e alt*el s se re@ar2e i n alte se2t%are ale Aieii
n%astre '&bli2e ,esenti@ent&l Db&ra *r *r& n t%at ara4 diare n%i
JT in&n(a&C (&' 2&@ a@ @ai s'&sC 'iaa4 Des2BiDn( %(at
&
n atare DiarC 2e a'rea n
2a'italC (es2%'r &n4 arti2%lC n 2are se 2ereaC 2& t%at seri%DitateaC 2a *il%D%*&l Le%nte
'tra2& s *ie 44arestatFFC (e%are2e el ar *i Krs'&nDt%rFL 'entr& asasinarea l&i Ni2%lae I%rga4
Hrtia (e ti'ar s&'%rta i a2east en%r@itate 'rintre attea altele4 "e tie 2 Hj=ele n%str&
ist%ri%gra* i n(r&@t%r n @%@ente @ari4 [ nai&niiC Ni2%lae I%rgaC *&sese &2is n t%a@na
an&l&i Hi (e<% ban( (e asasini4 5'taii (es2%'erii i<a& 'ri<
. in rsti@' (rea'ta 'e(ea's 'entr& negrita l%r HiN4 5il%D%*&l Le%nte )tra2& n& s<a
a@este2at ni2i<OH' n Aiaa '%liti2C aAn( % %r%are (e a %'ta n Are&n
&i &n 'r%gra@ (e 'arti(4 5il%D%*&l tria real@ente OOHberelii bibli%te2ii saleC al2t&it (in
2ri eseniale arii &niAersaleC (ar el tria n(e%sebi ntr<&n OOHt 2%s@i2C 2&@ %bin&iete s
trias2 %ri2e gn(it%r OOB2aie4 )rin &nele %'ere ale saleC *il%D%*&l Le%nte '&sese 2n(Aa n
l&@in 2ele @ai n%bile esene OOK@Nnis@&l&i ntr<&n larg 2a(r& (e &@anis@ s'irit&al3 ' &n
'lan (e s&'re@e Aal%ri &niAersaleC i *r (e
i @ai @i2 &r@ (e nai%nalis@ 2& g& tri2%l%rC H'nt i etn%gra*i24 Cel 2e s2ria
in2ali*i2abil&l arti2%lC n H*e se 'retin(ea 2& t%at seri%Ditatea 2 *il%D%*&l Le%nte Hcas2& ar
'&rta rs'&n(erea 'entr& asasinarea l&i Ni<2%jjje I%rgaC i a(&2ea 'r%babil a@inte (e % trist
2a@<OKe a @arel&i 'r%*es%r (e 442%ntiin nai%nalLC @< *il%D%*&l&i n%str&4 Ni2%lae I%rga
aAea % s*ial *a 4 ba 2Biar % %r%areC 'e 2are i<% a*ia 2& %ri2e O 9 n& *r BaD4 l n& era n
stare s asi@ileDe &n siste@ (e gn(ire4 Un siste@ i@'li2 % '&tere (e abstra2i&ne i (e
AiDi&neC 2e (e'ea& t%ate a'tit&(inile ist%ri%gra*&l&i4 C&@ ar *i '&t&t el s agreeDe i(eile
@eta*iD2e ale l&i Le%nte H +%t ti@'&l (intre 2ele (%& rDb%aieC N4 I%rga a 2&tatC 'rin
arti2%le i n 2%n*erine '&bli2eC 'line
1 ir%nie nenelegt%areC s K(e@%netiDeDeL n *aa %btei r%@Nneti *il%D%*ia l&i Le%nte4
Ni2i%(at Le%nte )tra2&
0I
n<a rs'&ns ata2&ril%rC &ne%ri 2& t%t&l '&erileC ale li Ni2%lae I%rgaC 'entr& a 2r&i
'ers%nalitate (e L(i@^ i si&ni asiriene el aAea (e alt*el % sin2er a(@iraieC B *aa 'r%'riei
sale 2%ntiineC *il%D%*&l Le%nte )tra2& 'e 2are l<a@ a&Dit (e attea %ri r%stin(&<se as&'ra
atiti (inii %bt&De a l&i N4 I%rgaC s%2%tea a2este ieiri interniC lente ale ist%ri%gra*&l&i i @arel&i
ani@at%r al nai%nalis@&l&i r%@Nnes2C (re't si@'t%@e regretabile ale &@ gel%Dii senileC i
att4 Le%nte n& le atrib&ia ni2i &n *el (^ i@'%rtan4 Ba *il%D%*&lC 2are 2&n%tea attea (in
se2retele (iale2ti2ii ist%ri2eC s'&nea &ne%ri 2 %'%Diia l&i N4 I%rg i era bineAenitC (e%are2e
i(eile sale *il%D%*i2e as&'iI r%@Nnis@&l&i &r@a& s<i *a2 (r&@ tri&@*t%r n %'inia '&bli2
n*rngn( a2east @are @'%triAire (in 'artea &nei 'ers%nalitiC 2are nainte (e 'ri@&l
rDb%i @%n(ial j&2a r%l&l &nei regaliti intele2t&ale4 I(ei ir *il%D%*&l&i ieea& 2lite
(in ntlnirea 2& % reDistent in2an(es2ent4 Ni2i%(at *il%D%*&l Le%nte )tra2& n<a
s2ris &n 2&Ant @2ar @'%triAa l&i Ni2%lae I%rgaC i ia<t<l a2&@ n*iat (re't Ain%Aat&l
n&@r&l &n& 'entr& asasinarea il&str&l&i 'r%*es%r4 Des2reierat&l 2are seriII arti2%l&lC
as2&nDn(&<se n (%s&l &n&i 'se&(%ni@ i al &nei iniialeC (a (r&@&l 2ine tie 2r&i
resenti@ent 'ers%nal @'%triAa &n&i %@C 2are i<a n2Binat existena ex2l&siA @aril%r
'r%ble@e ale *il%D%*ieiC i 2are n 'er@ i<nen i<a *2&t % n%bil a@biie (in a se ine (e'as3 e
(e Aiaa '%liti2C (ei era @ere& s%li2itat (e4 t%ate 'arti(eleC 2e<i (is'&ta& ntietatea 'e
arena Aieii %bte 5il%D%*&l se 2l&Dea n a2east 'riAin (&' 'rin2i'iII '%liti2&l este
@%artea intele2t&al&l&i r%@Nn 7 -i iat<i a2&@ artat 2& (eget&lC n litere (e ti'arC negr& 'e
alb4 rs'&nDt%r 'entr& asasinarea l&i Ni2%lae I%rga 7 A2&Da in(i2a gra(&l (e (es2%@'&nere
'n la 2are a aj&n<at@%s*era @%ral 2e se ntin(ea 'este ar4
Alt (atC 2eAa @ai trDi&C aAea@ s 2ites2C 2& &l&iiA4 t%t ntr<&n Diar (in Ca'italC &n arti2%l
@'%triAa @ea4 intit&lat 3 KC&@ a tr(at '%et&l Axente Creang 2lasa @&n2it%are HL & a@
tr(at 2lasa @&n2it%are H )rin 2^ )rin '%eDia Ktrans2en(entel%rLC 2are abate atenia 2las^
@&n2it%are (e la 'r%ble@ele arDt%are ale realitii s% 2i ale i@e(iate4 n 'ers'e2tiA
@arxist treb&ia 2& alt4 2&Ainte s (eAin a2&@ ni2%Aal i s *i& l%Ait 2a % ni2%Aal *iin(2 n&
a@ s2ris ni2i%(at ni@i2 (es're 2i%2ni
;Y
S*2&rile se 'etre2ea& n s't@nile (e '%@inC 2n( L ( bi ti
U %s&t
' '
(&' 2ri@inalii (e rDb%i era n t%i4 Un 2&n%s2&t S"ti2 literar s&sineaC 2a@ t%t 'e at&n2iC n
n%&l Diar a
i&i 2%n(&2ere % l&aC Airn( 'este n%a'te s're extre@a StngC 2 '%et&l Axente Creang
treb&ie arestatC'entr&
VO
eDia sa (e sensibilitate K@eta*iDi2L4 O graA rst&r<
ia
re (e Aal%riC %
(e'lasare a 2riteriil%r s'irit&ale era 'e C
a
le (e a se 'r%(&2eC 2a % l&ne2are (e strat&ri ge%l%gi2e4
jtN 2&@ Ka *i @eta*iDi2ianLC 2alitate n 2are Ae(ea@ %
n'linire s&'re@ a existenei &@aneC (eAenea 'entr& 2riti2ii n%tri % Ain e2BiAalent
2ri@inalitii (e rDb%iC 'jl%D%*&l Le%nte )tra2& i 2& @ineC '%et&l Axente
teangC (%i %a@eniC 2are ne<a@ stre2&ratC *ie2are n
K s&C 'rin t%ate 2&rsele 2e ni le ntin(ea '%liti2&lC Ore n<a@ l&at 'arte ni2i la rDb%iC i ni2i
la exaltarea 5 'rin arti2%le sa& Aers&riC ne treDea@ ast*el4 ntr<% i (i@ineaC '&i n rn(&l
2el%r @ai @ari r&*<K%ri ai %@enirii4 )rin ase@enea (e*%r@ri (e 'ers'e2<e an&na reA%l&ia
2riteriil%r4 ra &n n%r%2 n2C i e2Bilibr&l @e& s&*letes2C 2 n&<@i (a@ sea@a 2& s&*i2ient
l&2i(itate (e graAitatea si@'t%@el%r4 !e(ea@ n a*ir@aiile i n a're2ierile n(re'tate
@'%triAa n%asta @ai @< nite 'r%(&se i@'r%AiDate ale &nei i@aginaii gaDetreti (e
intenii 2ari2at&rale4 nt%r2ea@ a&t%@at 'agina s're a Ae(ea (a2 n& 2&@Aa titl&l gaDetei era
al &n&ia (intre 2&n%s2&tele s't@nale &@%risti2eC ce @ai a'rea& n Ca'italC nainte (e
n2etarea 'e ntins&l rii S%ri2r&i rs sa& &@%r4 Dar n&4 ra& Diare n%iC 2& 're<
Htii seri%ase (e a n(r&@a %'inia '&bli24
S,e@anierile g&Aern&l&iC la 2are 'arti2i'a& ex'%neni
OSBnelni2i i *r (e s&'ra*a aiL 'rin2i'alel%r 'arti(e
Mri2eC 're2&@ i s%2ialitii i 2%@&nitiiC se s&22e(a&
OOKn n l&nC %glin(in( ra'i(itatea 'r%2es&l&i (e (e<
Htegare a b&rgBeDiei i (e in*iltrare a &nei n%i (r%j(ii
OSl&at&l s%2ial4 C%@&nitii %2&'a& t%t @ai @<e @inis<
He i @ai ales s&bse2retariatele B%trt%are n a2i&nea
(e %rganiDare a @asel%rC % a2i&neC 2e r@nea t%t&i *r
+iD 2t ti@' se a'ela n&@ai la K2%ntiinaL a2est%ra4 C%@&nitii inea& s %2&'e '%Diiile<
2BeieC (e &n(e se
A
a n2er2a nlt&rarea %r(inei liberal%<b&rgBeDe4 DeDln<
&irea Ba%s&l&i era &r@rit @et%(i2 2a % 2%n(iie (e e s're %rn(&ir%a s%2ialist4 n *abri2i i
n ntre<
0C
'rin(erile (e t%t s%i&l se sab%ta s&bt s2&t&l steag&l&i r% 'r%(&2iaC a2easta 'rin ntr&niri
@&n2it%reti '&se B 2aleC n a'arenC 'entr& reAen(i2area &n%r (re't&riC ' 2are ni@enea
n& le @ai tg(&iaC (ar n realitate ^ i s2%'&l bine 're2iDat (e a (estr@a i (e a 2%@'r%@I
'r%(&2ia liberal%<b&rgBeD4 "a&C 'entr& a r@ne la lintiele 2ele @ai largi ale %bie2tiAittiiC
2& a@bele s2%'i& CC ,e@ar2a@ 2& ti@'&lC t%t @ai @<C 2&@ t%ate @s&riiC l&ate (in 'artea
2%n(&2erii 'arti(&l&i 2%@&nist era& 2al 2&late s&b egi(a &nei @<i'le *inalitiC n Ae(erea
%b^<nerii a 2it @ai @<e reD<ate4 kinta <i@ era 3 (%@inaia4 Din *el&l 2&@ a2east
as2ensi&ne s're '&tere era 2%3 <(&s (e (&' 2&liseC se Ae(ea 'rea 2lar 2 t%t&l are I% (&' &n
ti'i2 n2er2at i ai&reaC n& % sing&r (at4 "e *2ea &n *el (e '%liti2 44'&rFF4 K)&rLF n&
n sens 4 '&ritii @%raleC 2i 2Biar (i@'%triA4 N%&a '%liti2 n& s n2&r2a n s2r&'&le (e
nat&r @%ral4 M%ralaC 2& n%r@e ei 2&n%s2&teC era s%2%tit 2a &n *en%@en (es&etC *e&(I<I
<b&rgBeD4 M%rala &r@a s n(&re 'r%*&n(e @%(i*i2aIC i4 s 'ri@eas2 2Biar % n%&
(e*iniieC n *&n2ie exel&sIC (e A%ina (e '&tere a 'arti(&l&i4 Ms&rile 2e se I&3I 4 *iin(C (&'
'rerea 'arti(&l&iC (e nat&r e@ina@ente Ktiini*i2FFC era&C *ireteC li'site (e %ri2e
i@aginat )arti(&l 2%@&nist 2&ta s %bin 2%lab%rarea 'arti(ei ist%ri2eC (ar 2%lab%rarea
(eAenea 'rilej (e ne2&r@II > %*ensiA a 2%@&nitil%r @'%triAa b&rgBeDil%rC 2are s <(ea&
n 2&rsa 2%lab%rrii4 -i %ri2e n2er2are (e %'%Dit (in 'artea b&rgBeDil%rC 2are 2%lab%ra&C (&2ea
la % n%T 9-. re@aniere a g&Aern&l&i I 2eea 2e se nt@'la jignea *ie2e 'as si@&l (e (e@nitate
%@eneas2 a 2etenil^ C (ar &@'lea (e @n(rie bestiile 2%n(&2t%are4
"i@i%n Bar( a *%st inAitat s trea2 la B&2&reti4 I s<a& (atC 'e rn(C (i*erite nsr2inri4 L<a@
r&gat s <intereseDe (e s%arta (%a@nei Marga M&rean&4 N& *in&lV (&' 2e se stabilea n
Ca'italC "i@i%n @ s*t&ia s n linites2 3 (%a@na Marga se gsete s&bt 'r%te2ia4 7 )etr&
Gr%s&C &n&l (in @arii g&Aern&l&iC '%l *ix n g%I6 s2Bi@bril%r i a re@anieril%r4 !estea 'ri@it
(e la "iniiF 4 @i (a gn(&riC 2e se ns%ea& (e la sine 2& alteleC (e 23 "i@i%n ns&i Babar n&
aAea4 @i a@intea@ 'e n(2li (e<% 2i&(at ntN@'lareC 2e aA& l%2 n .0/0C a(i2 2& Ai ^ 2in2i
ani @ai nainte4 M nt%rsese@ t%2@ai (in strinI tate i<@i n2e'&se@ 2&rs&l (e esteti2 la
UniAersiti
i Cl&j4 N& tre2&r 2teAa DileC 2n( *&i inAitat (e %anina Marga la 'arastas&l (e &n
an (e la @%artea l&str&l&i ei s%4 M<a@ (e'lasat n l%2alitatea (e 'r%Ain2ieC &n(e ea tria
retras ntr& t%t&l n ne2%ns%larea ei4 '%anina Marga M&rean&C 2areC n tinereea
eiC I
s
i *2&se *ai@ (e @are 2ntrea4 aj&ngn( n aj&n&l nti&l&i rDb%i @%n(ial s 2nte la
Baere&tB ntr<&n r%l (in KA&r&l ,in&l&iLFC @ai 'stra i a2&@ n *iina <ei % &%ar n2linare
s're s'e2ta2&l%s&l ]agnerian4 Ast*el ja<Sa ei treb&ia s ia n*iare (e jale a nai&nii4
Cere@%nia 'arastas&l&i era n2Bi'&it (e ea 2a &n @are rit&al al '%@eniriiC la 2are treb&ia s
*ie (e *a4 'rin ex'%nenii OHg@ai alei t%t '%'%r&l La se@nal&l (t (i 2l%'%t
'
OHgI@ai aleiC t%t '%'%r&l4 La se@nal&l (at (in 2l%'%t<Sb biseri2&ei (e le@nC alai&l
%as'eil%rC 2e se n*iinar B&t2i e4 '%rnete n 'r%2esi&neC (e la 2as s're 2ri'ta Mteran4 n
2are se Ae(ea sar2%*ag&l il&str&l&i literal i B*e%liti24 -i<@i a@intes2 3 n *r&ntea
alai&l&iC &r2a OOB 2ai 'as (e trage(ianC A(&AaC s'rijinit la braC OOKrea'ta (e general&l
Ant%n2s2&4 (e<a sting (e %@&l Sjitie )etr& Gr%s&4 General&l se nt%rsese t%2@ai al&niiC n
Bain (e si@'l& 2eteanC 2iAilC (inti<% @nstire &n(e a stat n2Bis 2tAa ti@' (in
%r(in&l regel&i Car%l4 OOSb era liber4 )este &n an i 2teAa l&ni aAea s (eAin 442%n(&2t%r&lLC
a(i2 (i2tat%r&l @ilitar al ,%@Nniei4 La Wtnga (%a@nei Marga eraC (&' 2&@ s'&sei4 )etr&
Gr%s&C 2Ore n& j&2aC (e%2a@(atC (e2t &n r%l insigni*iant (e 'ree(inte al &n&i *r%nt
rnes2 2& 'r%gra@C (e extre@ Hc' Gr%s& *&sese 2n(Aa &n a(erent ent&Diast al s2rii<Kl&i
(e2e(at I alt&ri (e 2are a2tiAa i '%liti24 M &r<rete @ere& i@aginea a2el&i alai rit&al (intr<%
Di (e *2Aar4 'e<&n (eal s*init (e 'reDenaC n '@nt&l gC a &n&i @are @%rt4 D%a@na Marga
i gsise 'entr& ja ei (e al&r anti2 (%i stl'i (e s'rijin4 A2&@4 (&' i aniC &n&lC general&lC
era (ein&t 'e &n(eAaC 'rin OH n ate'tarea &n&i 'r%2esC 2e se Aa ter@ina (e< CU
2%n(a@narea sa la @%arte4 CellaltC (&' 2e n rDb%i&l&i *2&seC s&bt (i2tat&ra 2el&i (intiC
2< s't@ni (e n2Bis%are 'entr& a2i&ni s&bAersiAe '%triAa %r(inii (e stat4 era a2&@ &n&l
(in '&terni2ii se 'regtea s ia '&terea 2a ex'%nent al @i2<stngaC @'%triAa 'arti(el%r
ist%ri2eC 2are n& @ai ni2i @2ini&l&i internC ni2i 'resi&nil%r (in a*ar ierat%ril%rL4 Din
n2Bis%area n 2are a aj&nsC s&bt
0J
g'%tliA
(i2tat&ra general&l&iC )etr& Gr%s& a s2'atC (egrabC (at%rit interAeniei gener%ase a (%a@nei
Marga 'C4 ling (i2tat%r4 ste a'r%a'e (e ne2reD&t 2&@ % si@'lIC nt@'lare 2e 'are a n& aAea
ni2i % se@ni*i2aieC '%ate (%bn(iC (&' &n ti@'C '&tere (e si@b%lC n 2are se n2BeagC 2a
ntrO% AiDi&neC % ntreag ist%rie4 Ist%ria rii i a att%r %a@eniC 2are a& j&2at &n r%l n
(estinele7 eiC iat<% 2%n2entratC 2a % anti2i'areC n a2east i@agine Un 'arastas4 Un alai rit&al
(e 2teAa s&te (e 'ers%ane4 D%a@na Marga M&rean& 2%n(&sC (e<a (rea'ta i (e<a stngaC (e
2ei (%i 3 (e general&l Ant%nes2& i (e )etr& Gr%s&4 +%t&l 'are att (e neAer%si@ilC a2&@C (&'
2e (estinele s<a& @'linit sa& snt 'e 2ale (e a se @'lini -i t%t&i nt@'larea a aA&t l%24 Iar
nt@'larea a2easta Aa r@ne 'entr& @ine % @rt&rie a instin2t&l&iC 2& 2are % *e@eieC 2&
ini@a (in2%l% (e bine i (e r&C % *e@eie @in&nat nDestrat 2& (ar&ri (e inteligen i
sensibilitateC 2are 'entr& &nii era (iaA%lC 'entr& alii % @are in2%@'arabil bine*2t%areC se
'ri2e'ea s se stre2%are 'rintre 'ri@ej(iile Aiit%are ale Aea2&l&i4
Ur@rit (e s't@ni (e 2%@ar&l eAeni@entel%rC ee se &r@a&C inn(&<ne 2& s&*let&l la g&rC
a@ @'t&rai 2& &n si@@nt (e linitireC s2ris%area 'ri@it (e la "i@i%n4 +%t&iC (%a@na
Marga aAea s @ai Db%Aeas2 Are% 2teAa l&ni n n2Bis%areC s're a i se *a2e an2Beta (e
rig%areC 2e se Aa ter@ina ntr<% Di 2& '&nerea ei n libertate K'e linie @%artL4
in 2%n(iiile ntr<a(eAr ex2e'i%naleC i (e<% labili<l late (e2%n2ertant ale t%a@nei .0EEC
UniAersitatea 2iS s<janC str@&tat (in .0E1 la "ibi&C aAea s<i (es2Bi( '%rile n&@ai 2&
@are ntrDiere4 Cl(ireaC n 2are Uni<I Aers(tatea i gsise a('%st 2& ani @ai nainteC *&sese7
%2&'at (e tr&'ele s%Aieti2eC i@e(iat (&' 2(erea "i<I bi&l&i K(&' 2rn2ene btliiL n 2&rs&l
2r%ra n& s<a[ tras ni2i &n sing&r gl%nte4 n rsti@' *r%nt&l nainta3F (at%rit interAeniei
gener%ase a (%a@nei Marga iT M&reC n j%s 2tre Ara(4 Ar@atei s%Aieti2eC 2e naintaC i
se integraser i 2%r'&rile ar@atei n%astreC 2are l&'ta a2&@ @'%triAa ne@il%r4 La &n
@%@ent (at tr&'ele s%Aieti2e 2e r@seser n "ibi&C i n UniAersitateC a i
01
e
Aa2&at 2l(irileC 'le2n( s're *r%nt4 "e tre2ea (e D%r
a
'regtirile 2e 're2e( (es2Bi(erea an&l&i
2%lar4 H'<a& 'r%(&s &nele s2Bi@bri n 2%n(&2erea re2t%rat&l&i i a (e2anatel%r4 -i %
s'eriet%are (e 'sri i *2& a'ariia 'rin slile &niAersitii4 O 2%@isie s'e2ial 'entr&
re
AiD&irea 'r%*es%ril%r se instit&i4 C%@isia eli@@ (in nA@nt Are% 2iAa 'r%*es%riC 2are i<
a& ri(i2at 'rea tare glas&l @'%triAa rsrit&l&iC i 'ensi%neaD 'e ali Are% 2iAaC s're a le
salAa 2el '&in 2alitatea J(e K'ensi%nariL4
S"t&(eni@ea se a(&naC n2et&l 2& n2et&lC n %ra&l 2& OS@e(ieAal i 2& attea Aestigii (e
gl%ri%s tre2&t4 "t&(eniiC &nii @ai *%n*iC alii @n(ri (e (ar&rile l%r %rat%ri2e in&te atta ti@'
s&bt %br%2C se 2%@'l2ea& n r%l&l OHiat (e agitat%riC i %rganiDa&C 2&@ se 'ri2e'ea&C st&<
OHtneaC n gr&'ri a*iliate 'arti(el%r '%liti2eC 2e 2%nti<S& a (eine '&terea n stat4 A(&nrile
l%r se inea&C H'<a(insC n %rele (estinate 2&rs&ril%rC 2a s ni se (e<OS&streDeC n%&C
'r%*es%ril%rC 2 '%liti2&l e @ai i@'%rtant (e2t s'irit&l4 "t&(eni@ea intra n Aal<Artej&l
(eD%rientrii generale4
ntreDrin( restri2ii t%t @ai a'rige la '&bli2aiiC a@ 2&tat s<@i ti'res2C 2t @ai grabni2C
n%&a @ea 'ies KAr2a l&i N%eL4 O ti'arni l%2al se angaja la a2east is'raA4 (e @irat 2
n<a@ nt@'inat ni2i % (i*i2<ate la 2enD&raC 'rin 2areC '%triAit 'reAe(eril%r (e ar@istii&C
teeb&ia s trea2 %ri2e ti'rit&r4 Legt&ra se2ret (intre 'iesa @eaC 2e (ra@atiDa % legen(
b%g&@ili2C rs'n<H n &nele regi&ni ale riiC i a2t&alitatea 2& n*iare C n 'lin
(es*&rareC n& '&tea s s2a'e ntr& ateniei 2enD%ril%r4 )iesa @ea iDb&ti t%t&i s ias O
teas24 CenD&ra era 're%2&'at<(e alte 'r%ble@e
@ai arDt%areC '&se (e 2%ti(ianele '%liti2eC i n& se @'ie(i2a n si@b%l&rile &nei 'iese (e
teatr&4 "e@ni*i2aiileC 2e se as2&n(ea& s&bt Baina &n%r i@agini legen(areC '&tea& (e aij(erea
s trea2 nel&ate n sea@4 n %ri2e MQDC a@ tre2&t 'rin 2enD&r @ai &%r (e2t I%n 2el N%&4
D&' a'ariia 2rii 2%nstata@ nsC ntia %arC n ti@' (e (%&De2i (e aniC 2 % l&2rare '%eti2
(e<a @ea n& strnea ni2i &n e2%&4 A'ariia 'iesei abia (a2 a *%st se@nalat la r&bri2a 2ril%r
'entr& 2%'ii4 Aa se s2Bia b%i2%t&l (e @ine al 2riti2ii literare n legt&r 2& n&@ele
0.
@e&C att (e *re2Aent '%@enit n '&bli2isti2a n%astr (intre 2ele (%& rDb%aie4 )retins&l
@isti2is@ i %rientai JS4C @eta*iDi2 a '%eDiei @ele (eAenea& t%t @ai @< &n 'n 4 text (e
al&Dii ir%ni2e sa& 2Biar inta &n%r ata2&ri *iTC (in 'artea n%il%r 2%ti(iene 2e se iAir (e la
2a'it&lai n2%a2e4 M&tis@&lC 2e se stat%rni2ea n j&r&l n&@el&i @e&C i sens&l
(e're2iatiA al 2%ntextel%r n 2a(r&l 2r%ra n&@ele @e& i @ai s2%tea 2a'&l (in 2%l%anele
Diarel%r iC ale reAistel%r4 @i se@nala& % n%& stare (e s'irit4 5a'tele n& @ ngrij%ra&C eleC n
sine4 n alte @'rej&rri @<ar *i lsat 2Biar 2& t%t&l in(i*erent4 A2este *a'te le inter'reta@ ns
2a in(i2ii 2erte ale &nei at@%s*ere 2e se Ai2ia (e la % Di la alta i 2a si@'t%@e t%t att (e sig&rI4
ale &n&i n2e'&t (e inAaDie a 'r%st&l&i g&st4 -i (e la % Di la alta s2(ea AiDibil i niAel&l
'r%(&2iei '%eti2 )r%(&2ia (eAenea te@ati2 i se &@'lea (e l%Din2i iJ73 Dilei4 Mai @<C 2Biar
gaDetria se *2eaC t%t @ai str&it%rC (&' @%(ele (e larg 2ir2&laie n rsrit4 ,e'etiia
@(&larel%r n a2eeai r%stire n& @ai era s%2%tit 2a % @eteaBnC 2i 2a % 2alitate a n%&l&i stil
(e *a2t&r i@'ei <s%nal4 5raDele (eAenea& %b%sit%r (e ex'li2iteC ne@ ng(&in( ni2i %
i@'li2aieC (e 2are s te a'r%'ii 2& (ai gBi2irii4 )r%'%Diiile se arti2&la& @iria'%(i2 2res2n(
in I<til n l&ngi@e4 'itet&l B%@eri2 intra n &D&l 2%ti(iane7 r De 2te %ri Aenea A%rba (es're
&n an&@e l&2r& sa& ( % an&@e 'ers%anC se re'eta 2& insisten ilariant B tet&l (e rig%are4
Ar@ata s%Aieti2 era t%t(ea&na 4 iar "talin t%t(ea&na Kgenial&lLC 2&@ n e'%'eile B ri2e Hera
era @ere& a2eeai Dei K2& %2Bi (e b%&L4 Cli4 . i *2ea intrarea 'e s&bt '%rile (e tri&@*
ale s2ris&F i r%@Nnes2C i 2& a2easta i *2ea& l%2C n '%eDie i ia '&bli2isti2C a2eia 2areC
'rin a'tit&(inile l%r (in neaI JC se 'ri2e'ea& s 'ra2ti2e n%&a ex'resie4 A(i2 i@'ers%nal s
t&t&r%r ne'&tinel%r4 "e '%rni % s&sin&t a2i&ne (e (es*iinare a t&t&r%r Krelie*&ril%rL n %ri2e
(%@eni& al s'irit&l&i4 "<ar '&tea s&sine 2 a *%st li2Bi(at 2<&l 'ers%nalitiiC a2esta *iin(
nl%2&it 'rin 2<&l i@'ers%nalitiiC (a2 n s&bsi(iar n<ar *i a'r&t *etiis@&lC (e<% n*iare
2& t%t&l @agi2 i 'ri@itiA al &nei sing&re K'ers%naliti Z 2are era Kgenial&lL4 n(e%sebi a2est
e'itet 3 genial&lC er i r%stit 2& % eAlaAie Bab%tni2 (e 2te %ri n& era *arni2C la %ri2e rs'ntie
%2aDi%nal4 'itet&l se a(&ga n&@eleI
0:
I"talin 2a &n a2t a'r%a'e te%l%gi2C 2a i 2&@ s<ar *i "%rbit (es're sing&r&l %rgan al reAelaiei
(iAine4 C&@ ns ge%l%giaC (e %ri2e s%iC era 'as 2& 'as nl%2&it 'rin religia ateis@&l&iC n& se
'&tea s'&neC *ireteC (es're "talin 2 ar *i sing&r&l %rgan al reAelaiei (iAineC (ar a2esta era re<
al@ente t%n&l i *i%r&l 2& 2are se A%rbea (es're el n 2a(r&l @i2riiC 2e naintaC 2& '&@n&l
strns i ri(i2atC s're a2a'ararea '&terii n stat4 n (%s&l *%r@el%r aOeiste a*inat se njgBeba& %
n%& te%l%gieC % n%& ierarBie e2lesi<asti2C % @it%l%gie sa2r%san2tC &n rit&al n (es*&rarea
2r&ia litania @%n%t%n i 2itat&l (%g@ati2 i aAea& l%2&l bine stabilitC &n 2alen(ar 2& Dile
r%ii legate (e ist%ria 'arti(&l&iC 2n( a& l%2 ineAitabilele 'r%2esi&ni @'estriate 'ra'%ri i
2& i2%ane (e<ale n%il%r eAangBeliti4 5ireteC OKiesi&nileC 'e &r@a 2r%ra treb&ie s
2a( 'l%i (e 2ereas2C n& se @ai n&@es2 'r%2esi&niC 2i K(e*ilriL4 Ke n& &it@ 2 era@ n2
n&@ai la n2e'&t (e Are@iC Sn( *%r@ele Aiit%are (e Aia i (e %rganiDare s%2ial se S'ia&
(%ar te%reti2 i 'r%'agan(isti24
[ n 2&rs (e ase l&ni l&'ta 'entr& '&tere ntre 'arti(&l 2%@&nist i 'arti(ele ist%ri2eC liberal%<
b&rgBeDeC s<a 2%ns&@atC reD%lAn(&<se 2& aj&t%r s%Aieti2 i 2& &i trntite (e Dbirii tiraniei
@%s2%AiteC 'rin 'alatC n a&D&l tnr&l&i rege4 )arti(&l 2%@&nist l&a '&terea4 "e %binea i
2%lab%rarea &n%r *ra2i&ni (iDi(ente (e ale 'arti(el%r ist%ri2e4 'aAele Aieii '%liti2e (e
alt(at aAea& (e alesL ntre n2Bis%are i a22e'tarea &nei 2%lab%rri 2&< 'arti(&l 2%R nistC
2are aAea (e a2i nainte t%ate iniiatiAele n @i<nile sale4 C%ntra'%n(erea i *rnaC 2e le
re'reDenta& a2este OSIi&ni b&rgBeDe n 'r%2es&l reA%l&iei s%2ialeC n& @ai O,& (e2t *%r@ale4
-i aAea& s (&reDe 'n n 2li'a 2n( 'arti(&l 2%@&nist Aa *i 'regtit n 2%n(iiile &n&i 're<OHt
liberalis@ (e@%2rati2 rst&rnarea t%tal a %rn(&irii
le444
+ n 2&rs&l 're*a2eril%r la 2are asista@C n&<@i (a@ bine ^na (e t%at teBni2a i (e t%ate
@aneArele la 2are se re2&rgea n &r@rirea intei s&'re@e 3 l&area '&terii n stat4 n ri Ae2ine
se 'etre2ea& *en%@ene si@ilare4 +%t&iC n UngariaC b&n%arC 'arti(&l (e 2&rn( n*iinatC al
@i2il%r b&rgBeDiC %binea n n%i alegeri @aj%riti D(r%bit%are *a (e 'arti(&l 2%@&nist4 n
&nele 2%ntiineC %rate (e nt%rst&ra eAeni@entel%rC se iAea& ast*el
0/
&nele s'erane 2 naintarea 'arti(&l&i 2%@&nist Aa *i DgD&it4 Un an i j&@tate a (&rat
'r%2es&lC al 2r&i *inal n&<l ntreDrea@ (e2t 2a &n @are se@n (e ntrebare4
"i@i%n Bar(C tre2n( la B&2&retiC aAea s l&2reDe j 2tAa ti@' la KC%@isia 'entr&
ar@istii&L4 "&bt titl&l (es 'g&biril%r (e rDb%i M%s2%Aa n2e'ea s '&n st'n&<'e b&n&rile
rii4 ntr<% DiC s&bt &n 'retext %arei2are4 "i@i%n Bar( 2&t s s2a'e (e *r@ntrile (e
2%ntiinC 2e i le 'ri2in&ia& Aeni2ele interAenii ale s%Aieti2il%r4 A2etia '&nea& 2a't
%ri2r%r (is2&ii 2& 2te<&n '&@n n @as4
"i@i%n Bar( tre2& la @inister&l @in%ritil%rC 2a se2retar general4 Ai2i asista 2& &l&ire
la in*iltrarea @in%ritaril%r n strati*i2area n%il%r KeliteL4 A'arat&l n%&l&i j 'arti( i 2el (e
stat era& (estinate s (estra@e i sa @a2ine t%ate '&terile i res&rsele (e reDisten ale rii4
"&bt &n 'retext %arei2are "i@i%n a 2&tat s *ie @&tat i (e a2i4 A aj&ns 2%nsilier le externe
ntr<&n 2li@at 2eAa I @ai (%@%l4
C& %2aDia &n&i (r&@C 2e<l *2ea la "ibi&C "i@i%n Bar( i (a 'e *a (e2e'iile n legt&r 2&
2eea 2e se 'etre2ea4 C& 2a'&l s& bl%n( el AisaseC 'n n& (e @<C &n *el (e s(cialis
r(Cnesc. )r%2es&l l&a ns &n alt sensC e2BiAalent 2& (es*iinarea %ri2r&i r%@Nnis@4 "i@i%n
i r%stea 'rerea 2 'arti(ele ist%ri2e n& neleCiJ ni@i2 (in t%at sit&aia n 2are ara a *%st
ar&n2at 'rin B%trrile se2rete (e la Ialta4 "e bn&ia Aag 2 la 2%n*erina 2el%r trei @ari 3
CB&r2BillC ,%%seAelt i "talinC 2e aA& l%2 la Ialta n .0E>C '&terile %22i(entale ne lsa& in s*era
(e in*l&en a Uni&nii "%Aieti2e4 )arti(ele ist%ri2 n& 'ar a Ae(ea 2& s&*i2ient realis@ a2east
graA sit&aie "i@i%n Aenea la @ine s<@i s'&n 2C n 2%n(iiile (ate4 se si@te t%t @ai @<
neA%ia n*iinrii &n&i n%& 'arti(C al @i2il%r b&rgBeDiC 2e ar '&tea s *ie nte@eiat n&@ai
<(e2tC @'rej&rrile *iin( nes'&s (e 'rielni2e4 Un ase@enea 'arti(C %'inia "i@i%nC ar '&tea s
%bin n Aiit%arele alegeri 'arla@entare % @aj%ritate 2%'leit%areC 2&@ s<a nt@'lat n
UngariaC &n(e 2%n(iiile n<ar *i @< @ai al**el (e2t la n%i4 )r%gra@&l &n&i atare 'arti( ar
aAea
F 0E
Sig&r i as'e2te s%2ialisteC ntr&2t (in 'rin2i'i& ar S#&(e %ri2e ar se@na 2& &n 'r%gra@
K2a'italistL4 A22s<a& 'rerile l&i "i@i%n as&'ra '%liti2ii interne (e la K4 x'&nerea l&i n& @i
se 'rea t%2@ai li'sit (e arg&@enteC 2& t%ate 2 n& '&tea@ s<@i (a& n2 n(eaj&ns (e bine
sea@a (e gra(&l (e sin2eritate al4 ex'&neril%r sale4 -i "i@i%n aAea s 'rin( n&@ai(e2t
@%@ent&l slab (in 2%n2esiaC 2e<i *2ea@C 22i n @%@ent&l &rrnt%r @i i *a2e 'r%'&nerea (e
a<@i (a a(eDi&nea la n*iinarea &n&i ase@enea 'arti(4 !%ia@ s @ es2BiAeD4 I<a@ rs'&ns 3
Kn tre2&t n& @<a@ a@este2at ni2i%(at n '%liti2a intern4 nelegn( s *i& 2%nse2Aent n
a2east s*ial a
FneaC in s r@n i 'e @ai (e'arte n a*arL4 De ast jat ns "i@i%n @ ntrer&'eC ar&n2n(
'e talgerele (is<
OKiei &nele arg&@enteC 2e @ i@'li2a& 'ers%nal n Aii<
Htre 2%@binaii4 @i rs'&n(e 3 K! nelaiC 2reDn( i *%st Are%(at n a*ar 7 N<ai *%st
ni2i%(at n
OBr (e '%liti2C 2iC 'er@anentC n 'lin '%liti2 b&rgBeD4
r2&ri 2%@&niste sntei 'riAit 2a &n %@ '%liti2 (e
UOrientare rea2i%nar4 A2easta reD< att (in '%eDia
'<A%astr (e %rientare @isti2 i @eta*iDi2C 2t i (in *esteti2a (<A%astr i(ealist4 Da2 n& A<
ai B%tr s A (ai a(eDi&nea la &n 'arti( al @i2il%r 4b&rgBeDiC ai 'ier(e sing&r&l 'rilej (e a
A (es'rin(e (in '%liti2a rea2i%arC la 2are ai 'arti2i'atC *r a A (a sea@aC
=rin t%ate %'erele (<A%astrL4 I<a@ re'li2at 3 KN& te i'i2lDiC "i@i%ane4 O'erele @ele literare
n& 2&'rin( ni2i in sing&r rn( (e nat&r '%liti2L4 "i@i%n @ ntrer&'e
OHi 3 K<a(eArat 2 %'erele (<A%astr n& 2&'rin( ni2i K sing&r rn( (e '%liti2C
=ex'li2itT4 +reb&ie s A
OHntes2 ns 2 exist i % '%liti2 i@'li2it al 2rei
OS't &n 2reat%r (eAine *r a aAea
U
2%ntiin (es're
H'asta4 N& este %'%rt&n s A lsai @aneArat 'e linie @%art sa& s're sit&aii i @ai graAe
n&@ai (intr<% s*ialC Ce<% n2er2ai *a (e ele@ent&l '%liti24 Cre( 2 aAei % (at%rie *a (e (<
A%astr niAC s A salAai existena 2reat%are 9 ntr<% e'%2 n%&C la a 2rei @%(elare &r<
@eaD s 2%ntrib&ii 2& (ar&rile 2& 2are A<a nDestrat nat&raL4 "'&sele l&i "i@i%n Bar( l&a& %
nt%rst&r *%arte )ateti24 Oare n%ta a2easta @ n(&'le2a s a22e't (is2&ia H A@ exa@inat
@'re&nC la re2eC sit&aiaC s&bt
0>
t%ate as'e2tele 2e ne '&tea& interesaC i 'e *a i 'e (%sC 'e 'lan&l &n&i realis@ gata la
2%n2esiiC (ar i 'e 'lan&l &n%r n%r@e 2e se Dbtea& n 2%ntiina n%astr4 M a'ra@ (e
bn&iala 2reia "i@i%n i ((&se glasC 22i @i re'&gna (in a(n2 s @ A( 'riAit 2a %@
'%liti24 "i@i%n 'le(a ns n *aA%area 2re(inel%r i a s&gestiil%r sale 2& atta DelC 2 @ lsai
abt&t (e gn(&lC 2e @ l&a 2a % te@ereC 2 ar aAea seri%ase @%tiAeC 'entr& 2are str&ia s 4 @
KsalAeDeLC @%tiAe 'e 2are le tre2ea s&bt t2ere (intr<&n *el (e (eli2atee i 'entr& a n&<@i
n2r&nta s&*let&l4 -i<a@ a22e'tat s @ gn(es2 la salAarea existenei @ele 2reat%are4 C& &n
si@@nt (e a@r2i&ne @i<a@ (at
t
a(eDi&nea la n*iinarea &n&i 'arti( al @i2il%r b&rgBeDi F
"2&rt ti@' (&' a2east ntlnire i (is2&ie aA& l%2 n 2a'ital e(ina %a@enil%r 2e iniia&
n%&a *%r@ai&ne '%liti24 N& @<a@ %stenit 'n la B&2&reti4 N<a@ l&&tC 'arte la e(in4 Dar
ntr<&na (in seriC as2<n( la ,a(i% % (are (e sea@ as&'ra n*iinrii n%&l&i 'arti(C @i a&Dii
n&@ele a@intit alt&ri (e alte n&@e (e intele2t&aliC 'rintre 2are Are% 2iAa 2&n%s2&i a(e'i ai
(%2trinei @arxiste Din *el&lC 2&@ se al2t&ia 2%@itet&l 2entral al 'arti( &l@ a@ neles 2 n%&a
*%r@ai&ne n& era (el%2 2eea 2e @i se '&sese n Ae(ereC a(i2 &n 'arti( in(e'en(ent i a&t J<
n%@ al @i2il%r b&rgBeDi4 Un&i ase@enea 'arti( liber @i2il%r b&rgBeDiC i ntreDrea@ n
2%n(iiile (e<at&n2i %are2are n(re'tire i anseC 'arti2i'area ia % ata3 *%r@ai&ne
'%liti2C in(e'en(entC i garantat (e 2&get&l &n%r %a@eniC (es're 2are s<ar *i '&t&t 2re(e 2
a& 2&getC n& @i<ar *i 2%ntraDis 2%ntiina s%2ial4 N%&l 'I& <ti(C n*iinat la B&2&retiC i (a &n
n&@e 2%ntra*2&t 'er*e2t 'er*i(ie (&' n&@ele 2el&i @ai '%'&lar (intre 'arti(ele ist%ri2e4
N%&l 'arti( se (e@as2a ast*el n AD&l l&@ii 2a % si@'l a(&nt&r (e b&rgBeDiC 2e<i 'rsea&
'%Diiile s're a se trans*%r@a ntr<% @as (e @aneArC (e 2are 'arti(&l 2%@&nist aAeaC
eAi(entC neA%ieC @'%t3 'arti(el%r ist%ri2e4
A@ si@it 2&@ &n Aal (e snge @i se &r2 s're 2retet !estea (at la ,a(i% (es're al2t&irea
n%&l&i 'arti( @i (a &n %24 C&@ s<a '&t&t s @ las atras ntr<% ase @enea 2&rsH M<a@
DAr2%lit t%at n%a'tea bi2i&it ( 'lesnele 2&get&l&i4 -i (i@ineaa aA&i senDaia net
0Y
@< ti@' n irtea& n n% '%DiiiC 'Oseiea saC aC 4'&tea s i @%ara 2%<J reAela n 2 O @aneAr
la
s
%iJ3 i&lC 2& b@e*(2ei(e saleC a 'cxai jii s lineC al&ngat (e %2&l (e aseai CLIC i (is2&iile
2e le aA&sese@ 2& "ir
2
e ie 2i e(ea@ sin2ere i *r 'i iBanN 'arti(&lC (es're a 2r&i n*iinare
nL (eAir &n %bsta2%l n stare a abate a' ni&nis@&l&i4 )arti(&l real@ente n*i IBii %btei
r%@Nneti 2a % si@'l @&4 rr&+2a 'arti(&l&i 2%@&nist4 "i@ea@ 2&@ % A%in str<C (e<%
2%'leit%are '&tereC (e nat&i a'r%a'e *iDi2 i bilC se ntin(ea s<@i ia n st'nire 2%n(iia
esen<a Aieii 3 libertatea4 C&@ a *%st 2& '&tin @%@ent&l xn4a 2&get&l&i @e& H C&@ s<a
'r%(&s li'sa @ea Be ntr<% (eDbatere att (e i@'%rtant H C%ntiina i aF'it4 'r%babilC t%2@ai
n 2li'a (e2isiA a (is2&ii<i 2&@ H "&bt 'resi&nea @%ralC 2are se *2eaC 'rin j'ra @eaC 'rin
inter@e(i&l l&i "i@i%n4 5r a Z< se @%biliDa& @'%triAa @ea arg&@entele te<itele era&
*%r@&late ntr<&n 2Bi' 2a s @enteC 22i (ib2ia a2el&ia 2e @i le etala 4S&n(e as'e2tele l%r (e
ter%are4 CNR&se n iiiC (esig&rC i 'ers'e2tiAa 44salAriiLF4 Mi li <bise a e Kexistena @ea
2reat%areLC 'entr& 2areC n&<@i iese '&terileC an a22e'tat (e<a l&ng&l ani<i& %s3 a (atC
2Biar 2%n(iiile &n%r %2&'aii s&<rneC i@Oxt%are (e attea %ri 7 )entr& a<@i asig&ra lx %nta
2reat%are @<a@ (e2larat (e attea OK? gata s i i 2Biar inj&riiC 2& 2%n(iiaC *ireteC 2a
i2&'a@ s<@i 'er@it 2ele 2teAa 2 LLri li<e 2reaiei4 Dar n (is2&iile 2& "in 'r%<ii
existeni
I
i
L 2reat%are r 2 '
.
S ni2i n ter@eni i4 D&' i L& J&l&i
IF(C C(ie n& era 'a3 Jias (e , tNC I l<
t as&'ra ter@enile ai ea 2e @i i &nJ i
i<ri
<
treb&ia rs2&@'rat 'rin 2a'it +' 2%n4<In 7
OalitateC (e2iC 2%n(iiile 2e @i se %*ere i C @ j&g&l arti( @i (es*iina&C Airt&al@enteC existena
2re
t
e re a 2rei salAare @i A%rbise "i@i%n4 C2i exiO i i *%areC 2& 2%ntiina s2%as (in
*&n2ieC n& este c i-M a2&Da@ sing&r (e @%(&l &&rati2 2r&ia r i IAit n (is2&iile
2& "i@i%n4 N& treb&ia s . s l ntr<% atare (is'&t A@ stat nt
7
4 s 'e 'atC n 3<
08
ie %riD%ntal (e %@ b%lnaAC t%at Di&aC i (eAenii @%n% silabi2 2Biar n s2Bi@b&l (e 'reri 2&
s%ia @eaC 2are @ 2&n%tea n(eaj&ns 2a s neleag *r@ntarea 'rin 2are tre2ea@4 "e
2%nta@ina ns i eaC *r A%rbC (e *r@ntarea @eaC i n2e'ea s se (eDaA&eDe sing&r 2 n<a
interAenit n (is2&iile @ele 2& "i@i%n at&n2i 2n(C 'rintn arg&@entele ner%stite 2e n(r&@a&
(in &@br (eDbatereaC si@ise 2 intra& i grijile 2e le '&rta@ *a@iliei4 D%ra se la@enta 2 n<ar
*i treb&it s @ lase s ia& B%trrea *&nest 'e 2areC (&' 2%nAingerea eiC % l&a@ 9 'entr& ea
i 'entr& I%ana4 A@ res'ins 2& B%trre bn&ielile s're a % s2%ate (in 2er2&l Ai2i%s al
re'r%&ril%r 2e i le *2ea4 ,s'&n(erea a2estei @ari n2&r2t&ri % l&a@ n ntregi@e as&'ra
@ea i l&ne2a@ t%t @ai tare 'e 2lin&l (e'resi&nii4 D%ra @i inea ns is%n&l 2a i 2&@ a@ *i
*%st % &nitate @agi24 De ast (at se i(enti*i2a 2it< @ine 2& a2eeai intensitate i str&in 2a
i alte (ir#\L%ra tria 'entr& @ineC i 'entr& 2eea 2e @i 'r%@%Aa 2reaibJ N<ar *i A%it
'entr& ni@i2 n l&@e s *ie &n %bsta2%l n 2alea a2esteia4 Aa<i si@ea ea 9 r%st&l ei4 M%(&l
2&@ se i(enti*i2aC n t2ereC 2& (estin&l @e&C i 2& %'eraC l&a &ne%ri *%r@e a'r%a'e
'ara(%xale4 N& % (atC (e<a l&ng&l 2el%r (%&De2i (e ani (e 2%nAie&ireC ea s<a lsat n2n<tat
(e &na sa& alta (jntre 2&n%tinele n%astre *e@inine4 C& % restri2ieC ns4O%lera n j&r&l @e&
*e@ei4 a le t%lera n&@ai 'e a2elea (es're 2ari aAea senti@ent&l 2<@i sti@&leaD 2reaiNO<Le
t%leraC n& *iin(2 n<ar *i *%st n2er2at (e gel%DieC 2i 9 (intr<% s&'eri%ar atit&(ineC (in<tr<%
rai&ne 2e i<% i@'&nea 'rin e*%rt&ri (e A%in CBiar i at&n2i 2n( se nt@'la s @ai sar 'este
@%rala 2%nj&galC @ 2%ns%la %are2&@ ea nsiC @ngin(&<@i D@bit%are 'r&l 2e @i se
rrea 3 KCreaia 're2e(e @%rala 7 )ar2 aa s'&ne &n(eAa ntr<% 2arte 2a@ (r2eas2 Le%nte
)tra2& 7L -i (a2 ntr& (e@%nia ins%n(abila a 2reaiei al2t&ia@ % &nitate s&*leteas2C era
%are2&@ *ires2 l&2r& s j*%r@@ % &nitate i 'e a2est 2lin al (e'resi&nii @%rale4
ra 'e la n2e'&t&l liii ian&arie .0EYC 2n( n2e'& n @ine ex2es&l (e treDieC l&nga 'eri%a( a
ins%@niil%r4 In<tr<% stare (e nes%@n 2e (in&ia (e<% s't@n treb&ia
J0
e (e &rgen la Cl&j4 UniAersitatea se trans*erase H' (in t%a@n n 2a'itala +ransilAanieiC
(&' 2e a2ea<r%Ain2ie i reintegraseC %(at 2& ter@inarea rDb%<4 i 'rile (e @iaDn%a'te4
Din 'ri2ina (i*i2<il%t iasare a instit&iil%rC (in li's (e l%2al&ri i (e l%2&ine 'entr& 2%r'&l
(i(a2ti2 i 'ers%nal&l a(@inistratiA ersitatea i a@na (es2Bi(erea 'n la n2e'&t&
an&l&i .0EY4 5a@ilia @i<% lsa@ (e%2a@(at la "ibi& Aj&ns la Cl&jC @ AD&i neA%it s
taag la &na (intre 2lini2iC &n(e nt@'lt%r a@ @ai gsit % 2a@er liber "%sea@ 2a@ 'e la
a@iaDC (ar @ l&ngiiC @br2ai H@ era@C 'e 'atC s @ %(iBnes2 (e %b%seala (r&@&l&i )OB
&n&i (r&@ 2e n2e'&se 'ar2 @< nainte (e
' (e la "ibi&4 "%@n&l n& A%ia ns ni2i a2&@ s @
HH'*iineDe s&bt 'le%a'e4 O senDaie (e *rig @i se rs<Hn(i 'e t%at ntin(erea e'i(er@eiC
s&bt 2are *iina ar<Ha t%t&i4 Dis2&iile 2& "i@i%nCL a2elea 2are a& 're@en S"as&l&i r&TC @i
reAenea& n @inteC n2 % (atC n2 HjHat4 i n2 % (at4 ra 2a % nArtire 'e l%2 a 2%ntiin<
)OHareC 'rin nat&ra eiC n& treb&ie s stea l%2&l&i4 Unele )OH&ri l&a& *%r@ %bsesiA I n j&r&l
l%r se is2a& Artej&r OS&2i(itate4 -i (&' %re (e *r@nt 'l&@b&ri&C ntr<% 2a<O, tristC (e
2lini2C 'rin *aa 2reia rs&na& 'ai (e i (e b%lnaAi ieii n 2rjiC @i a@intiiC 'rintr<% re<
*a (e @ine ns&@iC 2 '%ate @i<ar *a2e bine % Ai<SK la (%a@na O2taAia Oltean&C 2are
treb&ia s *ie Ir Malitate4 A(resa @i era ti&t4 M<a@ (&O 'e la %ra 2ine H a@iaDC s<% A(4
Cn( a@ intratC (%a@na O2taAc @br2at (e stra(4 !%ia t%2@ai s ias n %ra4 Ci iii ei AiiC
2& *aa (e<% 'al%areC 2e se a22ent&a n 2li'I -e(eriiC O2taAia era nea'rat *r&@%as4 C
KCn( ai s%sii HL @ ntreb eaC *r a<i @ai '&iet I'ni e@%iaC CC)e la a@iaDLC rs'&n(4
KDe 2e n<ai Aenit la n%i H )reAe(ea@ 2 te Aei nt%ar2e Cl&jC Dilele a2esteaC i n 'en&ria (e
l%2&ine i<a@ 'i2 [tit % 2a@er la n%iLC 2&ta ea s @ n(&'le2eI
CC!a treb&i s r@n 2tAa ti@' la 2lini2C n& @ si@ 2@ai bineLC i<a@ rs'&nsC i (&' % t2ere
s2&rtC an i&gat 3 K)e &r@ A%@ @ai Ae(ea4 Nea'rat 2 a * ngrijit ai2iL4
00
ara ar4
C4 'ta
.i+ n *raDe 2n( 'rea a (in
-i a@ tre2&t Ia 2eea 2e4 =i a&( sa2a(ateC r%stite 2& &n glas4 2n( 'r stinsC 2& glas (e 2l%'%t
s*iat (e Ain
<i@ele Dile4
KDaC a@ a&DitLC Dise eaC 44s tii a a 'r%<
(&s % i@'resie (intre 2ele @ai (&rer%ase as&'ra %'iniI i n%astre '&bli2e4 N%&l 'arti( esteC (&'
t%ate se@neleC % *%r@ai&ne la re@%r2a 'arti(&l&i 2%@&nistC % n2er2are (e a in(&2e n er%are
%btea r%@Nneas2L4
K-i e& 2re( a2elai l&2r&4 N& @ *eres2 s<% @rt&rises24 A@ 2D&t ntr<% 2&rs4 A@ *%st in(&s
n er%are 2& 'riAire 4la nat&ra 'arti(&l&i 2e aAea s se n*iineDeL4 -i t2&i iari4 KN& @ai (%r@
(e atNtea n%'i4 N& e bineLC @ai a(a&g a'%i4 *2n( &n gestC 'rin 2are<i (a& a nelege s
A%rbi@ (es're alt2eAa4
O2taAia l&ase n s*rit l%24 e& @ aeDase@ ntr<&n *%t%li& n2 (in @%@ent&l reAe(erii4
A'arent @i 'stra@ 2al@&lC (ar aneA%ieC 22i t&lb&rarea nrea rb&*nea n 2te<&n gest
ne2%ntr%lat4 Arta@ 'r%babil extre@ (e %b%sit4 O &@br (e ngrij%rare 'este aa O2taAiei S
K-tiiC a@ % ntlnire4 Dar n& @ai 'iei (e A%rbL44 M a(&na@C 2&@ se '& @ere& ntr<art 'arte4
)alin2iiF4 n 2a n& era& % *rn4 O2taAia @ &i@ s @ @brieDe 2& 'riAireaC i 'e &rn &n alt
*ir ntrer&'t (e @< 3
KGr%aDni2 a@ s&*eritC (&' (es'riri
ales 'e &r@C ai2iC s&bt %2&'aia &ng&reas24 N& s%sea
(e la tine ni2i &n se@n4 O sing&r s2ris%are @i<a AenitFF4
N& @<a@ s2&Dat 'entr& t2ere4 Dar a@ srit 'na la
2a't&l 2estlalt al *ir&l&iC 2e ea A%ia s<l lege iari 3
44-i &iteC n 2e 2%n(iii (e (estr@are ne ntlni@ (in
&LC i s'&nC '2<&n t%nC 'ar2 a *i r&gat<% s ren&ne la
ex'li2aiiC 2el '&in 'entr& @%@ent4
K& a 2%ntin&a s te i&bes2 2& a2eeai '&tereC %ri2e ar *i4 2Biar (a2 ai (eAeni 2%@&nistL Dise
ea4
KN& e ni2i % 'ri@ej(ie s<@i tr(eD *iinaL4 i rs'&n(C gses2C t%t&iC ntr<% 2&@'lit
n2&r2t&r4 " A%rbi rB s're alt2eAa4 !%iai s 'le2i4 !in alt (atC @ine4 I Area s te lai
ate'tatL4
KAAea@ % ntlnire 2& 2ineAa4 @i '%art &n @ari teres4 l 2&n%s2 (e 'e 2n( l&'ta
@'%triAa ne@il%r 'rin
.11
!re
in(&
'ai
t@ l&a&
ilele4
la "ibi&C i @ai
+atraC (e &n(e @ 2a@ asalta 2& s2ris%riC 2& 2a(%&riC 'i OHlatLC @ l@&ri eaC bagateliDn(C
'rin t%nC 'ers%na si 2ir2&@stanele (es're 2are @i A%rbeaC
Kneleg4 C%l%neii i generalii a& @are tre2ere astD s'&nC n2&rajn(<% 'rin t%nC s<@i arate
@ai (e a'r%aG s're 2e este A%rba4 O2taAia n& nagaC 2i (i@'%tr3 i*ir@a al&Diile @eleC 'rintr<&n
D@bet4 d@bet&lC 2s 4 *e@ei este (e %bi2ei tin&it%rC era la ea 2a % (es*&ri @rt&risiri
ex'li2ite4 ra@ ns iO'reaT abt&t i 'i s%sit (e a @ %2&'a (e (es2i*rarea &n&i D@betC 2areC
jine i 'rin sineC s'&nea @ai @< (e2t %ri2e 2&A #2taAiei i A%i (a ns 'rilej (e A%rbC
n(r&@n(<% s jes2Bi( s&*let&l n A%ieC i *r a ine sea@a (e Ai is2e'tibilitate (e<a @ea4 O
ntreb 2e a *2&t i 'e &ri &@blat 2n( *r%nt&l a tre2&t 'e<a2i4
O2taAia @i (es2%'ere 2 n& se gseaC at&n2iC la CI [ la C%j%2na4 5r%nt&l se %'rise 2tAa
ti@'C i ea a
s &r@reas2 Aiaa (e traneeC 2Biar 'rin 'reaj3 n 2are se re*&giase4 N%a'tea ea se
a('%stea 6i&a tre2ea (e 'e 'rag&l 2asei (e<a (re't&l ie a2&@ 2e este rDb%i&l4 A nAat s
&rn 2Biar Db%r&l %b&Del%rC (&' *el&l s&net&l&i4 )%A Jre 2ele nt@'jate 'rin 'reaj@a ei n ti@i
i se 'r& (intr<% (at 2 O2taAia @i ts 3i (e<ale *irii ei4 Mi se aA / i Aenea& n 2ale 2er&te
'an4 2sita
ling leagn4 -i @i se @ai4 ar< 3Os%a3
ea (esig&r n aAent&r i s'ie2ta22
aC @ere&C inA%l&ntarC era& 2 ie *iiI
l%2 2a s se @'lineas2 s2ri't&ra4 Aj&i iAia n& se s*ia s re2&rg la @ijl%a2ele era& la
n(e@n &nei tinere i *r&@% ex'eriena slbi2i&nil%r @as2&line4 -i J'%i s *a2 &D (e
ex'eriena ei 9 ni2i rN&l l&'tel%r 2& n%r%2 s2Bi@b2i%s (in 'reaj@a 2a3 i a('%stit 'e<%
2%a@ (e (ealC la C%j%2 Fr@ si 'l%aieC 'rin *r&nDe t%@nati2eC 'rin Ir
i (e grena(e i '%2nete (e @itralierC ea 'en(&la n 'r%i&l traneei i n2'erile 2asei 2i&r&ite
(e gl%ar
7
e@eiiC 2& 'r&l 'lin (e @%l%D i (e 'ienjeni (e 'iAn h %*eri n rsti@'&l &n&i
e'is%( (e 2teAa 2eas&ri &n salAareC 'e rn( i alternatiAC (&' 2&@ se alei 'r&ina &n&i44
ilt&iaC att (in 'artea &n&i t3
.1.
%*ier nea@C 2it i (in 'artea &n&i %*ier r%@Nn @ai n Arst4 ,%@Nn&l l&a l%2&l4 -i a'%i
inAers4 )entr& 2a la a treia re'riD s r@n nAingt%r 2%l%nel&l r%@Nn4 A2eeai *e@eieC
2are %bin&ia s 2a&te ase@enea nt@'lri tari i 'ri@ej(i%aseC n& t%2@ai 2& A%ieC (ar
'rintr<&n n(e@n al &rsit%arel%rC sta a2&@ n *aa @ea 3 % tnr (%a@nC @n(r (e Aers&rile
'atri%ti2eC 2e le s2risese 2& attea l&ni @ai nainteC ins'irat (e a'ariia %*ier&l&i r%@NnC
2are<i @ai '&rta interes i 2n( l&'ta 'rin +atra4 iC 're2&@ se 'areC 2Biar i n @%@ent&l (e
*aC 2n( el se gsea n ate'tarea O2taAieiC 'e &n(eAa4 O2taAia @i re2itaC 2& Aibraie
'ateti2C (in a2este Aers&ri ale eiC s'ern( s s@&lg el%gii (in g&ra @ea4 M<a@ 2&lesC 2e<i
(re'tC (e 'rin Aile (e'resi&nii @eleC (ar n&@ai s're a<i s'&neC 2 2el @ai (i*i2il gen (e '%eDie
liri2 @i se 'are 2el 'atri%ti2C i 2 n& 2&n%s2 re&ite @ai @ari n a2esl gen (e2t Are% 2teAaC la
interAale (e se2%le 'e % ntin(ere (e (%& @ilenii i j&@tate 3 )in(arC )etrar2aC H%l(erlin4
KN& te s&'raC (raga @eaC Aers&rile 2e @i le re2itii snt 2a (e 'e Are@ea l&'tel%r r%@Nnil%r
2& t&r2iiC la )leAna i 'rin alte re(&teLC i s'&n4 O2taAia aAea s&*i2ient &@%r s r( i ea (e
BaD&l 2e<l *2ea@ 'e te@a Aers&ril%r ei 'atri%ti2e4 -tia ea (e alt*el 2 n& era@ e& %@&l 2are s
se lase 2%r&'t n 2%ntiina sa '%eti2 I tia ea 2 n& @ las 2%r&'t ni2i 2Biar (e 'r%'riile
@ele senti@ente 'atri%ti2eC 2n( este A%rba (e a're2ierea &nei '%eDiiC 2& att @ai '&in (e
'atri%tis@&l %are2&@ B%r@%nal al &nei *e@eiC 2are<i (%Da &n n%bil senti@ent 2& aAent&ri
er%ti2e (e 2ir2&@stan4
K"<ar '&tea t%t&iLC i s'&nC K2a @'rej&rrile ist%ri2% 'rin 2are tre2e@C s ne *a2 a'i 'entr& %
'%eDie 'atri%ti2 (e alt esenL4 -i n2Beiai (egrab %ri2e (is2&ie n legt&r 2& a2est s*nt
s&bie2t4 UMai trDi& aAea@ s a*l& (es're % slbi2i&ne a'r%a'e b%lnAi2i%as a O2taAiei 3 ea
ate'ta Kre2&n%atereaL Aal%rii Aers&ril%r ei (in 'artea %ri2&i4 -i t%t @ai trDi& aAea@ s a*l&C
n s&bsi(iarC 2 % Kre2&n%atereL era n stare s<% exalte 'n la le'(are (e sine4 De%2a@(at i
(ib&ia@ slbi2i&nea (%ar AagC i<% tre2ea@ ns 2& Ae(ereaC s%2%tin( 2 %ri2e '%et s&*erO @ai
@< sa& @ai '&inC (e a2elai @%rb4 !anitatea O2taAiei 9 n& era 'entr& @ine % 'ie(i2 (e a %
'riAi 2& si@'atie4 n 2ele (in &r@C O2taAia @ai areC n a*ar (e talentC i @<e slbi2i&niC i
attea alte 2aliti *e@inineC
.1:
S(ai%rit 2r%ra '%ate s se 2%nstit&ie n @%tiA (e inti
*2i (e atra2ie 'entr& %ri2e brbat n2 ne@%ri*i2at4i
g2%n2l&Die i s'&nea@ 2 liri2a a2easta a re(&tel%i
're&ies2 @ai '&in (e2t alte 2aiete (e liri2 ale
O52ea@ 2& a2easta al&Die la alean&rile ei %2eani2eC 2a
< n(ea@n &ne%ri s<i (anseDe b&2&riile i exaltrili
raa %glinDii4
KA2%l% A( e& iDA%r&l 2nte2el%r tale4 A2%l%C (in2%l%C n elan&rile tale religi%ase
@%tenite (e la @C .4 Mai ntreine i a2&@ 2%res'%n(ena 2& stareii ( l&ntele AtB%s HL
CC"<a 2&r@at %(at 2& s*rit&l rDb%i&l&iL4 K)2atL4
KN<ai Area s Aii @ine la @asC la n%iC la (ej&I ia ntreb O2taAia4 Kl Aei 2&n%ate 'e s%&l
@e&C i j%reteC (e alt*elC *%arte @<C s te @&i la n%iC ja@era (e 2tre stra(4 ki<a@
reDerAat<% ntr<a(ins ii<% @ai 'str@ 2tAa ti@'C (ar s te B%trtiC 22i sn @ere& s%li2itaiLC
@i s'&ne O2taAiaC n ti@' 2e e& ri(i2aiC 2a s 'le24
K!i& la @asLC i rs'&n(C K(a2 AegBea i 2%nti
4n&<@i A%r 'r%(&2e t&lb&rri 2e @<ar (es*iinaC 22i O
a2east ntlnire 2& tine @<a 2a@ t&lb&rat4 A@ gc
*ee s%2%teala Aers&ril%r tale I n& treb&ia 9 22i 'atrie
@&l t&C *iDi%l%gi2 ntr<&n *elC e si@'l& i 2larC i ti
tria (e a<i *a2e *a4 )e @ine @ 2a@ @a2in 2
LBNn&ietiC 'r%babilC (es're 2e e A%rba4 -i n<a Ara
iAi& la @as 2a % si@'l &@br4L n (FeDbaterea i n
2ea AaC 2e le a@ 2& @ine ns&@iC n%a'teaC 2e se lasC
lF'&tea s *ie B%trt%are 'entr& Aiaa @ea i 'entr&
Aiit%r&l @e&L4
Kn %ri2e 2aD n%i te ate't@LC re'et 2& insiti [ O2taAia4
-i a@ ieit n n%a'te 2& senti@ent&l 2 a@ aj&ns s2r&2eC &n(e t%t&l @i era '&s n #%24
O '2l (eas se lsase (in !alea "%@e&l&i 'este 2
neg&r grea i 'l&@b&rieC 2are<@i a@%rea @i2
lainta@ n2etC treb&ia 'ar2 s nAing % @'%trB
xi2i&@&l (in <i@ele Dile @<a (e'rtat ntr<&n *e
i@eniiC 2ari alt*el @i era& t%t(ea&na 'reDeni4 C
.1/
gin(in( Le%nte (es're *a'ta @ea H -i Ana ,C i4es2
ei 2eAa (in *r@nt&l @e& H lC 2are a *%st (e a*tea %ri 2%ntiina @ea 7 aC 2areC (e<&n an i
j&@tateC (e 2n( n<a@ @ai AD&t<%C se trans*%r@a t%t @ai @< 'entr& @ine ntr<% existen
si@b%li2 i n i@agine nalt a as'iraiil%r @ele 7 i n& 2&n%s2 (e2t *a'ta br&tC 2areC l&at n
sineC se'arat (e t%t 2e i<a 're@ers i (e t%t 2e 'are a<i &r@aC a'are 2a % Bi(%as trenie4 i
n& bn&ies2 ni@ie ni2i (in 're@isele i ni2i (in 2%ntext&l *a'tei4 )e &n(e s<ar *i gsin( a2&@ H
La Iai H La B&2&reti H n t&rb&lena %bteas2 'ri2in&it 'e @eleag&rile rii (e eAeni<
@entele i (e 're*a2erile (in <i@&l ti@'C Le%nte i Ana i<a& 'ier(&t %ri2e &r@4 -i 'entr&
s&*let&l @e& 2e @are neA%ie a aAea (e s*at&l l%r 7 "a& 2el '&in (a2 ar sla a2&@ lng @ineC
n t2ereC 2a si@'li @art%ri 9 ai 2%ntext&l&i 7
M<a@ na'%iat 2& &@erii a'le2aiC 2a (e<% @are '%AarC n 2a@era @ea (e la Clini24 -iC (ei
era n2 *%arte (eAre@eC 'e la ntia s2Bi@bare (e strajC @<a@ 2&l2at4 N& @ '&tea@ n2lDi
s&bt 't&rile &n&i 'at4 n 2are s<a b%lit in*initC i ni2i ntre 'ereii g%i i (ai 2& A%'seaC 2a s
'%at *i s'lai4 !%'sea&a l&2ie (a % senDaie (e *rig%ri*er4 'i(er@a @i<% si@ea@ arDn( 'e
t%t 2%r'&lC (ar 2n( @ DAr2%lea@C @ n2er2a& *i%ri la %ri2e atingere 2& 2ear2ea*&l (e 2ne'4
Mi se agita&C s&bt *ar&l l&2i(itiiC alai&rile (e gn(&ri4 -i<@i re'eta@ a @ia %ar 3 n *%n(
a@ *%st atras ntr<% 2&rs 9 ntr<&n @%@ent (e KabsenL4 Dar (e abia r%stea@ 'entr&
@ine ns&@i 2&Ant&l KabsenLC 2 a2est 2&Ant @i a'rea 2a &n *%arte 2&tat e&*e@is@4
)%ate 2 ar treb&i s i se s'&nC t%t&iC alt*el a2elei striC n 2are a@ a22e'tat (is2&ia 2&
"i@i%n Bar(4 Dr&@&lC 2e @i<l (es2Bi(ea 2eas&l r&C '&tea s nse@ne (esig&r % salAare a
existenei 2reat%areC (ar 9 2e @ai '&tea@ n2e'e 2& eaC (a2 (r&@&l nse@na % renegare
iN?@i salAa@ ntr<a(eAr existena 2reat%are H "a& @i salAa@ n&@ai existens'H Absen H
Absen H N&4 Alt2eAa a *%st4 "it&aia @i a'r& 2lar i n t%at g%li2i&nea ei 3 @i salAa@
n&@ai existena4 xistena si@'lC 'e 2are (e attea %riC n2 (in a(%les2enC la attea rs2r&2i
ale AieiiC a@ (is're&it<%4 De attea %ri n Aia a@ *%4ft a(&s s<@i art 're*erineleC s aleg
ntre existena sirr^
.1E
OH[irC ani@alC i O
K n<a@ %'tat %are t%t(ea&na 'entr& 2ea (e a (%&a H OK*e se *a2e 2 n 2eas&l r&C s&bt 'n
2 a alege
iena 2reat%areC a@ ales existena '&r i si@'l& H C^ 4 %rbit ntr<atta 2a s n& A( 2e @i se
'regtea F4F N& 2&@Aa laitatea @ *2ea %are2&@ s 'riAes2 l&2r&ril<n4intre gene H A2esta ar
'&tea s *ie a(eArat&l n&@e al aa Disei @ele KabseneL4 DaC a *%st % laitate 2 a@ ng(&it
s (is2&t 2& "i@i%n Bar(C aa 2&@ a@ (is2&tat4 Un @%@ent (e laitateC n& (e absenC s<a
*&riat n (eDbaterile n%astreC *2n(&<@ s 2re( 2 (r&@&l 2e @i se (es2Bi(ea ar *i 9
'%sibilC sa& 2Biar 9 &n (r&@ al 2%ntiinei4 Un str%' (e laitateC @are 2t % la2ri@C i<a
HW2&t j%2&l *&nest 2& @ine4 a2%'erin(&<@i %2Bii n *aa SjUaiei (ate4 !%i '&tea s s2a' (in
i@'as&l n 2are a@ *tns H !%i '&tea s ies (in @aras@&l @%ralC n 2are OOS#&rarea
eAeni@entel%r @<a aDArlit H )%ateC (ar a2easta n&@ai
t
'rintr<% n%& B%trreC 2are s
an&leDe is'raAa laitiiC 2e a '&s st'nire 'e @ine s&bt @as2a absenei4 Aj&ns la a2est '&n2t
al *r@ntril%rC &n alt alai (e (eDbateri '%rnea s @ '&stias24 n(e@n&l (e a lN is'raAa
'&tea s @ (&2 'n la B%trre i 'n i *a't4 -i a'%i H Care ar *i 2%nse2inele H ntr<&n *el
t& alt&l 3 (es*iinarea @eaC 2eea 2e ar nse@na i (es*iin<irea existenei @ele 2reat%are4 +reb&ia
(e2i s @ @'a2 I 'ri@&l rn( 2& gn(&l 2 'e linia existenei 2reat%are t*<a@ s'&s <i@&l
2&Ant4 Ceas&l r& 4a *%st '&n2t&l B n2Beiere al a2esteia4 ra@ a2&@ l&at (e<% 'ani2 a
gjirit&l&i4 " ren&n la t%t 2e si@ea@ 2 @ai a@ (e '&s H La t%ate al2t&irile 2e ate'ta& s *ie
ri(i2ate (in line H n a2east s*iere l&ntri2 a'&2a@ re'e(e s @ jitreb 3 2e al2t&iri A%r @ai
*i a2estea H 5i<A%r ele n 'ire s rs2&@'ere la2ri@aC 2e @<a %rbit H Ai(entC 2& mari ntrebri %
l&@ 'e (r&@&l &nei 2aD&isti2i sterile4 [i@ea@C n s*ritC 2 n& A%i re(%bn(i linitea i e2Bili<
&l s&*letes2C (e2t (a2 &r2 la altit&(inea &nei inteC 'rin ire s<@i n*rrg anxietatea (e te@elie
a *iineiC anxie<teC 2e @<a @aneArat s a22e't (re't K'%sibilL &n (r&@C 7 2are 2%ntiina l
Ae(ea 9 Ki@'%sibilL4 ,e2&n%tea@ n ine ns&@i 9 a 2ta %ar H 9 2 existena 2reat%areC
@&@ele 2reia a@ al&ne2at n (is2&ia 2& "i@i%n Bar(C
.1>
&n si@'l& 'retextC n (%s&l 2r&ia l&2ra& instin2tele 4F*lexele si@'lei @ele existeneC 2are se
(%rea salAat4 N& @ai gsea@ ni2i % s2&D slbi2i&nii @ele4 "e l&'ta& n @ineC a2&@C r&inea
i 2& s'ai@a4 -i n2 % n%a'te (e ins%@nie tre2&4 -i (i@ineaa @ si@ii b%lnaA4 Organi2
b%lnaA4 O @igren 2&@'litC 2& iDb&2nire (e s&(%ri re2i 'e *r&nteC @ sili s @ ri(i2 (in 'at4
"trbt&i 2a@era n (iag%nalC (e Are% 2teAa %riC iC a'%iC blbnin(&<@C largC n t%at
a@'lit&(inea (ile@el%r 2e @ @2ina&C @ ntinsei iari 'e 'at4 M<a@ int%xi2at (e @ine
ns&@i4 Un sing&r l&2r& @<ar s2%ate (in @aras@ 3 (is'ariia @ea n neant4
In 2&rs&l (i@ineii 2iAa (intre @e@brii i@'r%AiDai ai n%&l&i 'arti( a& n2er2at s ia 2%nta2t
2& @ine4 Desig&r in Ae(erea a2i&nii (e %rganiDare a n%&l&i 'arti(4 C&ta& %are s ia 2%nta2t
2& @ine (&' in(i2aii 'ri@ite (e la 2entr& H )r%babil 2 (a 3 i n&<i ex2l&s 2 Aenea& s<@i
%*ere 2%n(&2erea n%&l&i 'arti( 'e<% ntreag 'r%Ain2ie4 N%&l 'arti( aAea %ri2&@ neA%ie
(e n&@ele @e&4 )e @%tiA (e b%al a@ re*&Dat s 'ri@es2 'e a2eti @e@bri i@'r%AiDai ai
i@'r%AiDat&l&i 'arti(4 KN& A%i sta (e A%rb 2& a2este li2BeleLC aa<@i s'&nea@C
@ien(&<@i n t2ere b&Dele &s2ate4 KLi2BeleLC a2esta era e'itet&lC 2e li9. (a@ 'entr& %
*a'tC (e 2areC ntr<&n *el sa& alt&lC @ *2&se@ e& ns&@i Ain%Aat4
N& @<a@ @ai ri(i2at (in 'at s're a @ (&2eC 're2&@
'r%@isese@ AagC la @asC la *a@ilia Oltean&4 )rintr<%
n%r (e la 2lini2 a@ (at % telegra@ s%iei @ele la "ibi&
Aie (e &rgen la Cl&j4 Cre(ea@ 2 n 2riDa @%ralC
'rin 2are tre2ea@C 'reDena ei @i Aa *a2e bine4 C%nta2t&lC
(ar i a2ela Airt&alC 2& 2ei 2iAa intele2t&aliC 2e (%rea&
@ Aa(C agraAa ns starea4 M si@ea@ b%lnaA i<@i
Z'n@a@ (%rina s *i& lsat n 'a2e4 "i@ea@ neA%ia
l= a @ iD%la 2a s<@i reD%lA sing&r 'r%ble@ele (e 2%n<
tiin4 A @ai &r@at % n%a'te (e t%tal ins%@nie4
Di@ineaaC s%si s%ia @eaC 2areC n2er2n( s @ liniteas2C se 2%nta@inaC n2et&l 2& n2et&lC
alternatiA (e agitaia i (e'resi&nea @ea4 C& ini@a strnsC ea 2er& @e(i2il%r s *i& exa@inat4
"e (es2%'erea %arei2are reArsare (e &ree n sngeC (ar alt2eAa ni@i24 Ase@enea reArsri (e
s&2&ri in%'%rt&ne n snge a@ @ai aA&t n AiaC
.1;
(ar *r si@'t%@e nelinitit%are4 A2&@ a2est as'e2t FS*iDi%l%gi2 @i Aenea %are2&@ bine 3
'&tea@ s @ (e2lar Fb%lnaAC i s 2er &n l&ng 2%n2e(i&4 Un l&ng 2%n2e(i&C g'n la s*rit&l
an&l&i &niAersitarC sa& 2Biar i @ai @<4
CteAa Dile @ai a'%i 'le2a@ 2& s%ia @ea (in n%& la "ibi&C 2& intenia (e a ne ngriji (e<&n
sing&r<Tl&2r& 3 s ne rea(&2e@C 'e<% 2ale %are2areC s%@n&lC n *iina n%astr4 !%@ n2er2a s<l
a(e@eni@ 2& '&lberi albeC 'r&(ent (%DateC sa& 2Biar 2& (es2nte2&l a&t%s&gestiei4 IDg%niser@
s%@n&l (in n%i 'rintr<% (e*e2i&ne a 2&get&l&iC e& (in 'ri2ina Ainei (e a @ *i lsat 2%'leit
(e<% 2li' (e absen a AegBerii as&'ra @ea ns&@iC ea (in 'ri2ina Ainei (e a se 2re(e 'rta
la Aina @ea4 ra 'r%babilC (e2iC n2 (e at&n2iC 2 n& ne A%@ '&tea rea(&2e s%@n&l n 2asC
(e2t tin(&<i 'rtie 'rintr<% rea2ie (% nat&r t%t @%ral4 La "ibi& @<a@ n2Bis n 2asC s<@i
2%ns&@ 2riDa i s<@i (eDn%( 2%ntiina ntre 2ei 'atr& 'erei4 M 2%@'l2ea@ s&bt s2&t&l
b%aleiC 22i s&bt 'retext&l a2esteia '&tea@ s @ iD%leD4
In Aal<Artej&l Db&2i&@&l&i l&ntri2 reAenea& a2eleai gn(&ri 3 &n(e a@ greit H C&@ A%i
'&tea s ies (in Aiit%areaC 'e a'ele 2reia l&2i(itatea (e<% ex2esiA a2&itateC 2& t%ate 2
nes'&s (e %b%sitC @i se nArea 'e l%2 H Intr<&na (in Dile s%si "i@i%n Bar( la "ibi&C
'e neate'tate4 Ur@a s in n sala +eatr&l&i l%2al % 2%n*e<Kin (es're 'r%gra@&l i r%st&l
n%&l&i 'arti(4 A@ tri<Snis<% 'e D%ra la 2%n*erin4 Mai @< 2a s<l '%*teas2 ,e "i@i%n 'n
la n%iC (e2t s as2<e % 2%n*erin n + legt&r 2& 2eAa 2e al&ngase s%@n&l (intre
Di(&rile FLn%astre4
"i@i%n Aeni4 A*lase (in DA%n&riC 2a@ n2&r2ate i 2%ntra(i2t%riiC (es're starea n 2are @
gsea@C i<i *2ea (r&@ 'n la "ibi& n& att 'entr& a ine 2%n*erinaC 2i 'entr& a sta (e A%rb
2& @ine4 "i@i%n @i re2&n%s2& 2Biar (in 'ri@&l @%@ent al ntlnirii 2 n%&l 'arti( n<a 'rea
ieit (&' 2Bi'&l i ase@narea a2el&ia (es're 2are @i A%rbise i 'entr& 2are @i 2er&se
a(eDi&nea4 KDarLC
.18
s'&@ iUl n @'rej&rrile a2t&ale n& se '&tea * t4p alt2eAa -i<a (at sea@a (es're
a2est l&2r& (e abia in 2&rs&l a(&nrii 2el%r 2teAa s&te (e Kb&rgBeDiLC 2ate '&nea&
baDele n%&l&i 'arti(4 Din '&n2t&l (e Ae(ere al atit&(inii realeC 2e % l&a a(&nareaC
n*iinarea n%&l&i 'arti( aAea se@ni*i2aia &nei t%tale 2a'it&lri4 )r%gra@&l stabilit n& e n
stare ni2i @2ar s 2a@&*leDe jalni2a realitate 3 n%&l 'arti( 2are % l&a la (r&@ 2& s&rle i
a@baleC n& era alt2eAaC (e2t &n l%2 (e ntlnireC relatiA 2%@%(C al t&t&r%r b&rgBeDil%r 2are
(%rea& s @%ar ele @%arte nat&ral4 ra& 2Biar 2&Aintele l&i "i@i%n4 2are Dc i @ai %'tea 'e
t%n&l &n&i &&rati2 i 2ini2 realis@ 3 44O l<lali b&rgBeDiC 2are A%r 2%ntin&a s r@n n
2(i 'arti(el%r ist%ri2eC A%r @&ri (e @%arte nenat&ralC l&'ta (e exter@inareC 2e se
'r%*ileaD la %riD%ntFFC h t
.
'
%2@ai 'e<at&n2i n2e'ea& s se inC 'e i2i4 r
AeC 'rin @aBalaleC (ar i la sateC a(&nri i Aiit%arel%r aFegeri 'arla@entar%
U(e era& (e %bi2ei risi'ite (e 2F 2</ r& 2i%@ege i 2& (r&gi (e *i O
l%r ntare C4ist%ri2L4 Ca'etele F
i(e
i
&etC 2areC (&' 'rerea B &T4 &
aAi i (re't ia F4iat4
iia 2& "i@i%n % n2e'ea@ <F .4 F La
a' *%r@ nr&l2%@C s<i n*iL A li F LF
I<'i
n
F F 2 ai aA&t 2ele @ai b&3 OnF P
*
ni a Oaie s re2&n%s2 2 C
=sC ea (e a a(era . Oi
n& i Ft2%r( 2& 2%nii<
@n LC l&at (e<&n Art* CF
nti K F nn *r 2a't i ^ Li
.
N& '% i &n *el sa asi@ileD 2%ntF '+s
'etre2&%%4
A
i s&nt 2 n& A%i iei (in O
A
r<L
r
(n(&<@i (t@isia (in n%&l 'arti(C la a 2r&i ii ^M
'r%gra@ati2 i la a 2r&i %rganiDare n& a@ ' ++
(e alt*el 2& ni@i2L4
"i@i%n 'rea Dg&(&it (e 2ele 2e air6ea (in 'arte<@i -i 4a2easta % nelegea@ (&' nelinitea
. 2&'ii<n2er2a 'rin r%i l@&riri s @ rein (e . . J 2e inF i%na@ a LF2 "e <J r i
nti<iin 2BiO AJs(n7
.1/
#&l s<a ns2&t n a*ar (e 'reAiDi&nile saleC (ar n i ti@' @i arta i ris2&rile &nei eAent&ale
(e@isii4 O (e@isie a D<A%astr n *aDa (e %rganiDare a 'arti(&<li % l%Ait&r 2atastr%*al 'entr&
2ei 2e a& n*iinat i&l4 Gest&l D<A%Nstr ar '&tea s *ie s%2%tit 2a % raie (e n%n<s%li(ariDare 2&
@i2areaC 2are sLe gsete n *r&ntea reA%l&iei 'e 2ale (e a instit&i % n%& %rn(&ireL4 Aa @i
A%rbi "i@i%n4 n re'li2 i<a@ artat 2 a@ 2ntrit t%ate a2estea 'e t%ate *eeleC 2 a@ nAins *el
n&ne 2e aAea@ (e nAinsC 2 @i<a@ ters la2ri@aC 2e @<a %rbitC 2 snt @'2at 2& t%t 2e ar
'&tea s &r@eDeC i 2<l r%g C s an&ne 'ree(iniei n%&l&i 'arti( (e@isia @ea4 A@ ntins l&i
"i@i%n s2ris%areaC 2e<% al2t&ise@C nainte 2& HbAa 2eas&riC i@e(iat (&' 2e l&ai 2&n%tin
(e 'r%<OK&nea sa (e a tre2e 'e la @ine 3 KDe%are2e n& te ieDaA&aC 2 @i<ai an&nat
a(eDi&nea la n%&l 'ari i2i4 r.
9
. v a ieit 2& t%t&l alt*el (e2t 2el 'ln&it (e n2Bi'&irea trC
'ri@es2 @%tiAeD (e@isia @ea 2& b%alaC 2ar% S@i *a2e 2& ne'&tin %ri2e 'arti2i'are la Aiaa
'%liti24 S A2easta % s2ri& i n s2ris%are4 )ers%nal 9 '%i s le arai a(eArat&l @%tiA 3 n&
'%t asi@ila 2%ntiinei @ele 9 OKr 'etre2&te 7L
"i@i%n Bar( a ieit (in 2as 2& %2Bii n la2ri@i i 2& isi&nea 2 Aa 'r%2e(a '%triAit (%rinei
@ele4 ra i (at 2<l @ai Ae(ea@4 C2i n2 n 2&rs&l l&nil%r r@at%areC el aAea s *ie tri@is n
strintate n talita
l<
4
>
Ie 2%nsilier la % *%arte i@'(rtant legaie a rti n%astreC in %22i(ent4
"<a *2&t 2 n n%a'tea a2eea a@ (%r@it 2teAa %re4 a@ treDitC ntia %ar (&' attea s't@lniC
*r (e igBi n 2%&l 'ie't&l&iC *r (e j&ngBi&lC 2are @ere& @ Dea (e 2te %ri se nt@'la s
al&ne2 s're s%@n4 -i tea@ (intr<% (at s gn(es2 *r n2%r(are la attea L @%tiAele 2e aA
lser 'n ieri (ar&l (e a<@i grbi 2nirile ini@ii4 I@agina@ *el i *el (e iDbelitiC @s&ri
ter%are *iDi2C (e 2are a *i '&t&t s *i& atins (in 3tea a2el%raC 2are 'entr& '%eDia @ea @isti2 i
@eta*iDi2 C '&nea& n rn(&l 2ri@inalil%r (e rDb%i sa& al tr(<il%r 2lasei @&n2it%are4 +%ateC
*r (e%sebireC @ lsa& ne'st%r4 Ct 'riAete n%&a @ea B%trre (e a 1, %ri2e e2BiA%2 2e ar
@ai 'l&ti n j&r&l atit&(inii
.10
@ele K'%liti2eFFC a@ n2Beiat s%2%telile4 FMi<a@ reD%lAat 2& % l%Ait&rC 2e tia n%(&lC
'r%ble@ele (e eti2 inti@C 2e @ @&n2ea&4 Ni2i 2Biar si@'la KexistenL n& @ @at interesaC
(in @%@ent 2e a@ iDb&tit s<@i ia& r@as b&n (e la Kexistena 2reat%areL4 Iar la a2easta
ren&na@C (&' 'rerea @ea (e<at&n2iC %ri2&@ 3 i aaC i alt*el4 De<% existen 2reat%are n&
@ai s'era@ s @ b&2&r Are%(atC n ni2i &n *elC ni2i 2a @e@br& al Are&n&i 'arti(C ni2i M
2a %@ n a*ar (e %ri2e 'arti(4 In *%2&l 'r%ble@ati2ii inti@eC sa& (e sens generalC s&*let&l
@e& s<a 2litC (eAenin( steril 2a '@nt&l ars4
M
"%@n&l @i<ar *i reAenitC n2et&l 2& n2et&lC i 2& el liniteaC (a2 Aiaa n<ar (%Da naltele ei
(ra@e 2& *a'te @r&nteC i 2& &nele *%arte @es2BineC (e<ale l%2&l&iC (e<ale DileiC (e<ale 2&riiC
(e<ale 2eas&l&i4 ?ntr<a(eAr *a'te 2& t%t&l K2asni2eL interAenea& (est&l (e enerAant (e la %
Are@eC 2a s<@i ntrer&' %(iBna (e n%a'te4 )r%'rietara 2aseiC &n(e l%2&ia@C 'r%*es%ar (e
D%%l%gie la &n li2e& (e *eteC se B%tr s in 'entr& ginile ei &n 2%2%C i a2easta 2Biar s&bt
*erestrele @eleC la 'arter4 La 2eas&ri *ixe 2%2%&l @ treDea 2& &n strigt 2e<@i intra 2a % la@
(e 2&it n ini@4 )e la (%& n%a'tea s%@n&l&i @e& i se '&nea 2a'tC i D%a@ne 7 2t (e
bine*2t%r @i<ar *i *%st l&(at&l s%@n n l&nile (e re*a2ere s&*leteas24 )r%testa@C n
*el i 2Bi'C 'rin s2ris%ri gl&@ee n Aers&ri sa& 'rin a(rese tragi2e tri@ise la etaj
'r%'rietarei 3 2erea@ (es*iinarea 2%2%&l&i4 De@ers&rile @ele r@nea&C (in '2ateC
Da(arni2e 7 )r%'rietara A%ia s ne sileas2 'e a2east 2ale la @&tare4 De 2e n& l&@ (r&@&l
UniAersitii la Cl&j H 9 ne ntreba ea 'rin *ata (e serAi2i&4 -tia 2a 'rea bine 2 snt n
2%n2e(i&C (ar se n(rjea s<i in 2%2% la 2&rte i @%tiAa @&ieriteC (&' % tiin '%'&larC
2& a2eea 2C alt*elC ginile n& %&4 A(&2ea @rt&rie i 'rerile saAant&l&i s%Aieti2
)aAl%A 2& 'riAire la r%l&l s2%arei 2erebrale n re*lex&l 2%n(ii%nat4 Din 'arte<@i % asig&ra@
2C (&' @%(estele @ele 2&n%tine (e *iDi%l%gie ani@alC ginile %& i *r 2%2%4 N& S 2&@
@i<% *i rstl@2it s'&seleC (ar (&' Are% 2teAa Dile a&Dea@ (in %ra 2 (%a@na
'r%*es%ar s<a 'lns in an&@e 2er2&ri 2 i<a@ a(&s inj&rii 2%@'arn(<% 2& %
..1
gin4 LansatC 2& @< b&nA%inC (in a2elai iDA%rC '%rnise s 2ir2&le 'rin %ra
DA%n&l 2 b%ala (e 2are s&*erea@ ar *i % graA K'siB%DL4 -i DA%n&l se rs'n(ea n 2ele @ai
(enate Aersi&niC l&n( 'r%'%rii t%t @ai s'e2ta2&l%aseC 'e t%at ntin(erea rii4 C%n*rai
ntr& ale literat&rii ns2%2ea& la B&2&reti altele 3 2 AiDitat%ril%r %2aDi%nali le<a 2ere
n2Binare 2a % ntr&'are aieAea a s*nt&l&i (&B 7 &C 2are (e l&ni (e Dile n& @ai a22e'ta@ AiDita
ni@n&i4 9 dA%n&ri 2C (&' 2e @i<a@ ars #%ate @an&s2riseleC @<a *i sin&2isC &@bla& (in
g&r" n g&r 2n( n&@ai n %raC 2n( 'rin ar4 ,&(e @ai a'r%'iate saAi @ai (e'rtateC Aenea&
(in alte l%2aliti s se intereseDe (e starea @ea4 In ase@enea 2%n(iii n& t%t(ea&na li'site (e
&@%rC @i re*2ea@ t%t&i te@eliile s%@n&l&iC 'regtin(C 'e te@ei&l &n&i @aterial @ai (e @<
2&lesC 2&rs&ri &niAersitareC 'e 2are n& aAea@ t%t&i 2ertit&(inea (e a le @ai ine Are%(at4
Inter@itent @ai a*la@ (in %ra i alte Aeti 2& 'riAire la interes&l %btes2 2e @i se '&rta4
Ast*elC %(at @i se s'&se 2 nite 're%iC 'r%*es%ri (e te%l%gieC a& in&t n tainC *r a *i
r&gai (e 2ineAaC % sl&jb 'entr& nsnt%irea @ea4 Ingna@ 4n S sinea @ea 2 % atare
sl&jb n& '%ate s stri2e ni@n&iC ni2i @ieC ni2i 2el%r 2e % *2ea&4 Alt (at a bt&t la &a
n%astr tri@is&l &nei ntre'rin(eri (e '%@'e *&neb 2are<i %*erea serAi2iile4 "e DA%nise
n2 % (at 2 a ii
(e2e(at4
"%sea (e2i 2li'a s (eD@intC 'rin si@'la @ea a'ariie 'e strDile "ibi&l&iC t%ate a2este
bas@e4 ntrs<% Di (e 4n2e'&t (e 'ri@AarC (e<% 2l(&r inte@'estiAC B%tri H ies (in
iD%lareaC 2e @i<% i@'&sese@4 Cn( @<a@ 're<K'ntat la li2e&l *re2Aentat (e *ii2<@eaC s're a
2ere &nele S*e*%r@aii 2& 'riAire la sit&aia ei 2%larC a@ si@it Brin bir%&rile li2e&l&i %
*%r*%tC %a'teC @irareC 'riAiri 2&ri%aseC (ar i s&rs&ri b&2&r%ase la Ae(erea &n&i %@ 2are a
@&rit i a nAiat4 Unei 'r%*es%are 2&n%s2&teC 2are Aenea *eri2it s're @ineC s're a<@i s'&ne
&n 2&Ant (e b&ne &rriC i<a@ Dis 3 K!e(eiC 2a@ aa aratC n Aest%n (e 'ri@Aar i
*r 'ar(esi&C % ntr&'are a s*nt&l&i (&B4 nli@ea . @4 ;/C gre&tatea 8Y cgL4
)r%*es%ara @i l&a @na ntre 'al@ele ei4 @i 'ri@ea gl&@a 2& % res'iraie (e &&rareC se &ita
l&ng la @ineC i 'ar2 n&<i Aenea s 2rea( 2 @ Ae(eC 2&@ @ Ae(eaC
...
ri i-
'6
La n2e'&t&l l&i @artieC 2n( s%arele n2e'ea s C-l&@in @ai naltC B%tri s '&n 2a't
Bibernrii4 Ian 2ea @ai t&lb&reC @ai Ba%ti2C iarna gn(&ril%r @a2ei = a grijil%r i s'ai@el%rC
iarna 2%@arel%r treDeC se t%' n s*ritC glgin( '&terni2 'rin s2%2&rile streainil%r4 ! biile
g&reeC 2& 2iri'it&l l%r 'r%letarC n2er2a& s se SJ bieDe n nisi'&lC s&bt 2are @ai str&ia
gBeaa4 ,igi(iLC iernati2 a nat&rii 2e(a t%t&iC i 2& ea rigi(itatea e gerat a 2%ntiineiC 2are
se 2%@'l2&se 'rea @< n *li2t&l ei (e 'rin2i'ii4 L&@ina s'%rea n (eDaAantaj&l b nel%r4
Ieea@ a2&@ n *ie2are (i@inea n D&@braAC 'li@bri l&ngiC 'n la la2&riC &n(e sttea@
2eas&ri tre stejarii se2&lari4 Ur@rea@ %bi2ei&rile @istre&l&i bstri& n2Bis n ar2&l s&
'(&rati2C 're2&@ i ale b&l&iC 2are<i aAeaC ntr<alt arie ngr(itC a('%st&l s2n(&ri4 n @i2a
gr(in D%%l%gi2 (e lng la2&ri ea& 4 i l&'iC A<&riC *aDaniC *el&ri (e ie'&riC 2'ri%are 2& U J
'rel&ngi ta @ig(ala4 @i 'l2eaC n(e%sebiCF s &r@F 2reterea 2%arnel%r la 2erb 3 rsrea& 2a
nite 2%t%are s 'ielea n%&4 C%arnele era& la n2e'&t 2a % si@'l
3
*lt&rKa'%i 2a nite 2&2&ieC
'e &r@ 2a (%& bee n lite n 2ati*ea4 A(eArata 'riAelite n2e'ea 2& ra@i*i2ai Cerb&l este
2& a(eArat ani@al&l '(&riiC el sing&r 2i s i@ite 2& 2eea 2e se nt@'lN 'e 2retet&l s&C n@ii
rirea 2rengil%rC Db&2nirea lstaril%rC DA%n&l seAel%r4
n @ieD&l l&2r&ril%r se a&DeaC as2&nsC 2a % *&rF %rgani24 Des'ri@Ararea nAalni2 @
2%'leea4 + &i nengr(it @ 2%nta@ina4 ntr<% s'l@nC (%&C t Aer(eaa (eAenea bel&g4
De 'e % '%te2 ng&stC ne&@blatC AD&i %(al (ans&l er'il%r4 ntre nite t&*eC ntr<% @i2
rarite a DI braAiiC &n *%net @%n%t%nC s*irit%r J@i atrase ICF4I<a@inte4 ra& er'i (e a'C
2areC ri(i2ai a'r%a'e nA (e 2%DiC se @i2a& rit@i2C *%r@n( &n @n&n2Bi n b Aie a s%arel&i4
+rt%arele i (eD@inea& trai&l %riD%r xtaD&l l%r er%ti2 l&a n*iare (e *l2ri br&ne<AeA 2e<
ar 'l'i 'e<% Aatr4 M %'rii 'e '%te24 -i 'riAiiFI l&ng4 n2er2a@ *a (e er'i % an2estral
s*ialC (ar I ginea @ int&i l%2&l&i4 M aAntase@C (esig&rC 'rea a( 'rin (esi&ri4 )e<i
'ii n& 'r%babil r
..:
stingBerii (e tre2t%ri4 )reDena @ea4 la 2iAa 'aiC *2<aAea s le t&lb&re extaD&l4 ra@ 'entr&
ei &n tr&n2Bi e 2%'a2 'rintre alte tr&n2Bi&ri4 A@ stat i a@ 'riAit4 A& I trt%arel2 (ans&ri
rit&ale H A2esta era s'len(i(4 @i aC n @<e 'riAineC liniile i rit@&l &n%r (ans&ri OOS'ti&te
te@'le in(iene4
Hj-n( @ nt%rsei s're 2asC (&2ea@ n @ine (ans&l OKl%r4 nt@'larea *&sese (e<&n b&n i
s%lar a&g&rC H a2as @ ate'ta Mari&s B%rDaC Ae2Bi&l @b& 'tEete=4 4 (r&@ s're B&2&retiC
Aenin( 2& @aina (e la % 2e<% aA%a la Me(ia4 "e %'rise s @ Aa(4 dA%n&<legt&ra 2&
starea @ea Ll alar@aser i 'e el4 D&' 2Distase 2& n2'nare la asalt&l Aetil%rC se ((&
bt&t4 M ate'ta a2&@ (e Are% (%& %re i se Atea t%2rr&& s 'le2eC 2n( a@ '&s 'i2i%r&l n
'rag&l ta @%nt&l &i n%str&4 D%ra se ngrijise n rsti@' s<i negre4 ntlnireaC 2& 2l(&ra
s&r'riDeiC % s eC 2e Aenea s 2%ns*ineas2 (es'ri@A<
t&@<%as (e a*ar4 Mari&s @ l& ntre l&@inile 2%nAing ns&i (e starea @ea & era
S ti&se (e t%t(ea&na4 M tre2& %are2&@ n rAsi 2&@ &@brele ngrij%rrii i (is'rea& L:
@s&r 2e &@brele tre2ea&C Mari&s n2e< @&stre (in %2Bi 'entr& bas@ele l&g&breC C n
<i@ele l&niC 'e s%2%teala @ea4 a &ii la @ine aa (e @&strt%rLC t Di2 r<& (e Ain 'entr& 2ele
2e se@eniiMns2%2es2 liAN HSF
t la Me(iaLC @i s'&ne Mari&sC Kla *er@C &n(e it t%t&l n Ae(erea &n%r inAitaiiC 2e
inteni%neD le *a24 )este 2teAa Dile @ @&t 2& t%at *a@iliaC (e la i2&retiC la *er@4 !rea& s
Aii i t&C 22i n 'ri@&l rn2 ntr& tine (%res2 s ne ntlni@4 !%r Aeni Le%nte (e la Ei, 'i2t%r&l
!laB& (e la B&2&retiC t%t (e<a2%l% 'ere2BeI ri%ara i Ar%n "tn2&les2&4 !rea& s<i le2&ieti
2&ge '2at s n& 'r%*it@ (e aAantajele 2e le %*ei i lAara la ar4 De alt@intrelea 2el%r
nt@'late n treb&i s le (ai ni2i % i@'%rtanC (&' 2e ai iDb&ti tai *ir&l n2&eit (e "i@i%n
Bar(4 Atit&(inea ta e @&ii 2&lat n 2er2&rile (e intele2t&ali (in 2a'ital4 -iC (&'
../
*aDa (e ne(&@eririC nt%rst&ra (ra@ati2 a i@'resi%nat
'r%*&n(L4
!estea 2 l<a '&tea ntlni 'e Le%nteC 2& 2are n& @ @ai AD&se@ (e la C'lnaC i (es're
2are ni2i n& @ai tia@ 'rea @<e (e atta ti@'C @ (eter@ina s a22e't 'rieteneas2a inAitaie
2& % ner%stitC (ar b&2&r%as @&l&@ire4 D&' Aeselia (e<% 2li' a reAe(erii 2& Mari&sC s&*le<
t&l @e& *&C 'entr& 2teAa 2li'eC (in n%& atins (e &@bre4 Grijile i tristeea 2e @ l&a&C n& @ai
era& ns ale @eleC 2i ntr<&n *elC ale t&t&r%r 2are ne si@ea@ r&(e s'irit&ale i 'rieteni4 Cele 2e
aAea s<@i s'&n Mari&s (es're Le%nte )tra2& @i nt&ne2a& %riD%nt&l4 Mari&s l<a ntl<nit
'e Le%nteC 4n& (e @<C la B&2&reti4 La @inister n2e'&seC t%2@ai at&n2iC s l&2reDe % 2%@isie
(e Ke'&rareL a 2%r'&l&i (i(a2ti2 &niAersitar4 Le%nte se ate'ta s *ie e'&ratC a(i2 s2%s (e la
2ate(ra (e Ist%ria 5il%D%*ieiC 2e<% %2&'a la UniAersitatea (e la Iai4 UniAersitatea se nt%rsese
la AatrC 2el '&in 'arialC (in re*&gi&l ei (e la Alba<I&lia4 L&i Le%nte i se al2t&ia &n (%sarC la
ngr%area 2r&ia i ((ea& 2%ntrib&ia (iAeri in*%r@at%riC re2r&tai n 'arte 2Biar 'rintre
2%legi (e la *a2<ate4 "e s&bliniaC r re*eratele 2%legialeC n(e%sebi in2%@'atibilitatea
(intre *il%D%*ia l&i Le%nte i *il%D%*ia &ni2 i *r *is&riC 2e st 'regtea s<i *a2 intrarea
@asiA n &niAersiti4 In*%r@aiaC 2e @i<% (a Mari&sC era reAelat%are ntr<&n 2Bi' 22i
devansa 2&rs&l eAeni@entel%r4 Calitatea %a@enil%r n& Aa @ai *i j&(e2at (&' 2riterii
s'irit&aleC 2i (&'= ne2esitile i 2riteriile Aieii (e 'arti(4 De )arti(C s2ris
2& @aj&s2&l4
Mari&s @ai a(a&g 3 KLe%ntO Ae(e (e alt*el n eAent&ala sa nlt&rare (e la 2ate(r % 2%n2l&Die
l%gi2 a sit&aiei4 L<a@ inAitat la *er@4 Da2 Aa *i e'&ratC '%ate s r@nN a2%l% 2t i<a 'l2eaC
'n<i Aa gsi &n r%st4 Da2<i 2%nAine '%i s stai i t& a2%l%C 2t (%reti i 2t te Aei si@i
bine4 In %ri2e 2aD s'er s<i re2%n(ii%neDiC a2%l%C s%@n&lC n 2nte2&l 'riAigBet%ril%rL4 -i
Mari&s i re'et str&it%r i 2& (e%sebit 2l(&r inAitaia (e a @ (&2e la *er@4
Ne 2%@&ni2a@C n aAalana (e gn(&ri a 2%nAersaieiC &2r&riC (es're n%i nine i (es're aliiC
2e (e @< treb&ia s le ti@C (ar 'e 2are n& le tia@ (intr<% sing&r 'ri2in 3 2%res'%n(ena
(intre 'rieteni a 2a@ n2etat n
..E
i@'&l 2e a tre2&t (e la 2a'it&lare n2%a2e4 C%res'%n(ena
Pa 2&r@at n general4 Din 'ri2ina 2enD&rii '%taleC 2e
P
a
intr%(&sC s2ris%rile era& in2inerate 'e (r&@C 'r%babil
ar (e (%r&lC 2e ele l 2%ninea& n2Bis n 'li2&riC iar %
2arte '%tal aAea neA%ie a'r%xi@atiA (e trei l&ni 2a s
&i &ng (e la "ibi& la B&2&reti4
"tabilir@C 2& Mari&sC Di&a i 2eas&lC 2n( 'e la s*r< sit&l l&nii a'rilie aAea@ s ne ntlni@ 2&
t%ii la *er@a la Me(ia4 )lan&l eraC (e2iC *ixatC i 2ele 2teAa DileC 2e ne @ai (es'rea& (e
realiDateC era& 'entr& @ine &n 'l2&t 'rel&(i&4 Mari&s '&r2ese s're B&2&reti sM(&2 la 2a<
'regtirile ne2esare n Ae(erea @arii ntlniriC 2e treb&ia s 2%in2i( 2& aAnt&l Aer(e i
(e'lin al 'ri@AeriiC nit s 2%@'enseDeC 2el '&in n 'arteC (e'resi&nile ,'rale i
s'irit&ale ale an%ti@'&l&i4
Mari&s era 2& Are% 2iAa ani @ai tnr (e2t @ine i (e2t Le%nte4 )e 2n( &r@a@ 2lasele
s&'eri%are ale li2e&l&i -ag&na (e la Bra%AC se *2ea 2 Mari&s &r2a tre'tele (e j%s ale
a2eleiai 2%li4 Ne 2&n%tea@ (e2i (e @<i%rC (ar n&@ai *%arte trDi& i (%ar n ti@'&l 2el&i
(e al (%ilea rDb%i @%n(ial ne<a@ @'rietenit 2& a(eArat4 Mari&s /%rDa era inginerC i &n
intele2t&al (e *r&@%as 2<&r i (e larg %riD%nt4 )re%2&'rile l&i atingea& 2ele @ai IAerse
(%@enii4 A(e't ntr& t%ate al *il%D%*iei l&i Le%nteC i i @'ingea a(@iraia 'n la *etiis@4 n
(is'&tele 2& ntele2t&ali (e sea@a saCF el i n2Beia (e %bi2eiL arg&<entele 2& &n 3 Le%nte
(ixit4 De<% inteligen (e ex2e'<i%nal niAel i negrit (e ntre'rinDt%rC Mari&s re&i s<i
BjgBebeDe 'e (i*erite 2iC 2instite nt%t(ea&naC % sit&aie nat2(al (e 'iD@&it4 +ria 'asi%natC
i(enti*ien(&<se e& ntre'rin(ea4 Ca inginer a 2%lab%ratC ani i aniC la #Darea teBni2 a
ex'l%atrii gaD&l&i @etan (in !alea aAel%rC 2%n(&2n( t%ate l&2rrile (e la bir%&l s& (in a4
"&bt 2%n(&2erea sa 2%n(&2tele (e gaD s<a& ntins C%'a la "ibi&C 5graC Bra%A i 'n la
B&2&ret i JAle l&a& 'r%'%riiC 2are at&n2i @i se 'rea& *anteDista al&r &t%'i24 L<a@ ntrebat
%(at 'e Mari&s (a2 OMtarel&ngi eAria 'n n ia(4 2are s<ar n2lDi (esig&r OOSb2%n%@ie
2& gaD (e2t 2& '2&r4 "it&aia (e angajat i ntre'rin(eriC t%t&iC n&<l 'rea @&l&@ea 'e
..>
Mari&s4 -i ast*el el ti&4&4 *i a<i 'rsi sl&jba (e la Me(iaC la *el i *el (e ntre'rin(eri 'e
2%nt 'r%'ri&C (in<ire 2are &na n(e%sebi @i 'l2& 'rin %riginalitatea ei 3 a2easta eraC (e alt*elC
i ntia sa n2er2are4 Mari&s '&s^ te@eiC n regi&nea D&@brAeniC &nei ntre'rin(eriC (^
@ari 'r%'%riiC (e C<&ra 2i&'er2il%r4 La D&@brAeni ei a& (ate 'er*e2te 2%n(iii (e
nat&r a ng(&i % atar^ iniiatiA4 )e<% Aast ntin(ere a %ra&l&i se nla& 2aDr@i (e
2aAalerieC 2e *&rniDa& g&n%i&l4 D%i s'e2ialiti n 2<&ra 2i&'er2il%rC a@in(%i< &ng&riC s% i
s%ieC 2are si 'regtiser 'entr& @eseria l%r n 5ranaC i @biaiN l&i Mari&s serAi2iile n
Ae(erea ntre'rin(erii4 Mari&s n2Biria % sea@ (e 'iAnie n a2elai %ra4 Cei (%i &ng&ri *&i
angajaiC N%&l era 2<iAat%r (e 2i&'ei2i4 s%ia (%2t%<nt (e b%li (e 2i&'ei2i4 G&n%i&l (e la
2aDi@i4 s&te (e C&ieC a *%st tians'%rtat i '&s n strat&ri gr%ase n 'iAniele a@enajate n
a2est s2%'4 n s2&rt ti@' 2<&ia 2i&'ei<&l%r l& &n aAnt in2re(ibil4 Mari&s @i (es2ria 2& ent&<
Dias@ strat&rile (e 2i&'er2i (in 'iAniele (e la D&@brAi ni 3 2i&'er2ile era& (e t%ate @ri@ileC
(e la a2eea a 'ei<lel%r 'n la a2eea a &n%r albe s2*rlri (e 2%'ii4 Mari&s a %i ganiDat i
a*a2erea 2%@er2ialC trans'%rt&l i 'lasareO4 Ca'itala arii aAea s *ie inAa(at (e @n(rele i
snt%a< S 't<le li&'eiei (e la D&@brAeni4 Ingineria (eAeni 'entr& Mari&sC in 2teAa l&niC %
2%rA%a(4 l 2&ta s se s2a'e (i @&n2a teBni2 n sal%'etC (ar "%2ietatea gaD&l&i @etan n&
se '&tea li'si (e serAi2iile saleC i<i s&'rali2ita 'r%*it&rile (e la 2i&'er2i4 IDb&2nin( al (%ilea
rDb%i @%n(ialC ntre'rin(erea (e 2i&'er2i 2D& Ai2ti@ 3 B&(a'estaC (i &n(e 2ei (%i
s'e2ialiti &ng&ri i a(&2ea& s'%riiC a 2&r@at *&rniDarea4 De alt*el era ti@'&l s&'re@ 2a
ntre'rin(erea s<i (e2lare (e2es&lC 22i l%2&it%rii %ra&l&i D&@brAeni ne@(is&'%itn(
@ir%s&l 'enetrant (e g&n%i (e 2ai i (% 2i&'er2iC 2e ieea (in De2ile (e 'iAnieC a& 2er&t 2&
insis<B n serAi2i&l&i sanitar s reteDe ntr<&n *el %riginala iniiatiA a l&i Mari&s B%rDa4 9
A'&2n( % (at 'e 2alea n<O'rin(eril%rC Mari&s Ks<a s'&r2atLC a(i2 a 2D&t la li@aC C&
*anteDia sa 'ra2ti2 <i exa2tC el aAea s 2%n<i' ntre'rin(eri n serieC (e t%t s%i&lC @ere&
altele4 " tensi&nea era &r@rit (e<&n 'ara(%xal n%r%24 di2 'a (%xalC *iin(2 t%ate
ntre'rin(erile sale e&a& 'e rn( 4@inn(&<se 2a 2te<% alt ntre'rin(ere i @ai @are4 C
..Y
tr
Uginaia @ea (e '%et n& nelegea@ a2est &r2&C 'n
i( @i<l l@&ri 'ere2Bea "tn2&les2&4 A*lai (e la a2etia
% ntre'rin(ere 2& a(eArat seri%as n& era ni2i &na
itre 2ele @<e ale l&i Mari&sC (ar nen(%ielni2 &na 2e
irinea s%a2rei l&i Mari&s4 L&i Mari&s i 2&rgea& (e a2i
i%r@e 'r%*it&ri4 l '&nea ns a2este 'r%*it&riC 'Mrintr<&n
i2 arbitrar (e 2%ntabilitateC n 2%nt&l ntre'rin(eril%r saleC
atn(&<i ast*el %rg%li&l (e @are ntre'rinDt%r4 "%a2ra
t t%ate s'leen&rile *anteDiei 'ra2ti2eC (Mr n&@ai
t &n '&n2tC a l&i Mari&s4 -i Mari&s tre2ea la ntre<
/ t%t @ai i@'%Dant A%l&@C i @ere& alteleC (ei
OHH t%ate 'e rn(4
na i 2<&raC (e 2are Mari&s se b&2&ra 2a (e
iii nns2&teC a'%i si@'atia 2e % ins'ira t&t&<
il%r 2& 2are el aAea (e l&2r&C 2aAaleris@&l i
OHT n a*a2eriC 2reaser n j&r&l s& &n aer (e 2&2eri<
a ti@' 'entr& (e t%ate4 n 2&rs&l rDb%i&l&i a
&i 2el @ai (e sea@ la KGaD&l MetanLC i
a 2ele (in &r@ al &n%r *ai@%ase ntre'rin<
i in(&strie (e *ier4 A2&@ i 2l(ea la *er@a
% *abri2 (e n 2are A%ia s '&n
Ksase c
File &nei
nJ^
4enii 'entr& '
A
iDai
^
e
a
i n&i @FL =ni2s teBni2ian i
l%2a
F
i
<
Marii ^ ti@' 'entr& t Asi )
l
sa era irea4 Mari&s ci II&l
(
i
a
%r regI i&(a att%r a2i 44iC
2t
H
<
l
C reti C (e<&n alean i
in4li
n
si ilea&na era s< Is2at
C
P
AiDat4 -i (e la n2e'&t
treb&ie s @rt&rises2 2 bn&iala @ea 2(ea as&'ra l&i Mari&s4 )e Le%nte l s2%tea@ (in
2a'&l l%2&l&i (in j%2C 22i s&bli@C 2&@ l tia@C n&<l '&tea@ i@'li2a ntr<% '%<F AesteC 2areC
(&' t%n&l Mari%areiC 'r%@itea s *ie (est&l (e 'i2ant4 Iar 'e 'i2t%r&l !laB& l tia@ 2D&t la
'ati@ (%ar 2& (a@igeana4
KiC Bai(eC 2%ntin&C Mari%araLC % n(e@n e&CMKn& ne lsa s ate't@C (&' 2e ne<ai aat
i@aginaiaL4 +%i 2ei (e *a insista&C (ar Mari%ara i<a s&s'en(at % 2li' '%AesteaC &itn(&<se
la n%iC (r2%as 3 K" s'&n HL
K"'&neLC % ntrit i !laB&4 U!laB& n& este n j%2C @i s'&nea@4V
KDa2 t& Di2iC Bai(eC s<% s'&n 7L -i Mari%ara i ntin(e 2& 2an(%are &n bra 'e (&' 2a'&l l&i
!laB&C 2are e(ea Sng ea 3 KA*laiC (e2iC 2 e A%rba (es're &n&l (intre 'iet%ni n%tri 7L
KA(i2 (es're &n&l (intre 2ei (%i 2are snt (e *a HL n2er2 e& % 're2iDareC n ti@' 2e t%i
%2BiiC a*ar (e ai l&i !laB&C se %'rir as&'ra l&i Mari&s4
KDaC (esig&rC i Aei a*la n&@ai(e2tC 2are (intre 2ei (_i a& *%stLC n2e'& Mari%ara s
'%Aesteas24 Kntr<%
.:/
nainte (e a@iaD Aeni aa(ar 'i2t%r&l la n%iC la % %rC ei4
tia 2 Ar%n n& este a2as4 l a'&2ase n& ti& 2e s<@i
&n '%rtret4 Cel '&in aa Aenea 'i2t%r&lC 2& a2est 'retext4
=B&nTC i Di2 e&C as2&nDn(&<@i 'er'lexitatea4 -i 'i2t%r&l
i aeD linitit eAalet&lC i (es2Bise linitit 2&tia 2&
2&l%ri4 -i (&' 2e @ aeDai 'e<% 2ana'ea s<i sta& @%(el
el n2e'&C linititC s l&2reDe4 Atta linite @i 2a@ (a (e
bn&it4 D&' &n ti@' @i se 'r& 2 'i2t%r&l ai< *iC t%t&iC S
're%2&'at @ai @< (e 'reDena @eaC (e2t (e '%rtret4 Ar&F
'lArgit 2te (e t%ateC 2a@ % j&@tate (e 2easC 2n(C 'e
neate'tate 'i2t%r&l i las 'aleta i 'enel&lC i Aine s siJ
aeDe lng @ine4 - *r (e &n 2&AntC %@&lC A n2Bi'&iiC
ia iniiatiAeC 2& t%at '&terea4 "it&aia (eAenin(C %ri2&@C
2a@ 2riti2C @ @'%triAes24 N&<@i 'ier( e& 2&@'t&l
t%r < i<i aa &%r4 -iC *e@eie<brbatC 2e sntC @i l&ai %@&l
2i iba i 2& bln(eea 3 =BineC (rag !laB&leC 2Biar a
G
Ete i<% n2Bi'&i H 5r 'i2 (e 'regtire H Un( J
iniea i s&*let&l H N& 2reDi 2<ar treb&i @ai nti s ir S
& '&in 2&rteC s<@i tri@ii *l%riC s<@i (ai ti@'C =i
neniC s @ ate'i la 2%l (e stra( i e& s nI&<F S4C
i te a@rtiC i<n 2ele C(in &r@ s Ain t%t&iC i <i tJ
2ari 7 N& 2reDi H= -i n2Bi'&ii<AC !laB& se '%t%li
&&*4
C&@ Mari%ara '%Aestea t%ate astea 2Biar n 'r3<l&i !laB&C a@ '&*nit 2& t%ii n B%B%te4 !laB&
@ai n i a2&@a s se s2&DeC se blbia 3 eraC @ r%gC a*&@atC l(ea @&l 2%rn i a@&Dat (e *el&l
2&@ Mari%ara ist%&O& nt@'larea4 Ct @ 'riAeteC @ @in&naiC t%t&iC4C+\ &n s'e2ialist n
trDnete '&tea s 'riAeas2 l&2r&ril li Ce (%@%l4 O@&l 2& atta ex'erien a ele2tri2itii
ja s&bstan nerA%as 'la2i(4 l D@bea ng(&it%r & 2n( i Ae(ea neAasta sr&tatC 'e
rn(C (e t%i 2%le2tiA&l&i 2e se strnsese la *er@4
D&' 2e Mari%ara i s'&se 2e<aAea 'e s&*letC @& n s*rit i Mari&s 2& % 'rieteneas2 @i2
r&tate la a l&i !laB&4 Dar s l@&res2 interAenia l&i Mari&s4 )cA r&l !laB&C talent
@<ilateralC se n2er2ase 2n(Aa i 'r%Da literarC '&bli2n( &n r%@an a&t%bi%gra*i2 intit&
.
KA@ 'le2at (in satL4 Mari&s n& se '&tea st'ni s ni serAeas2 l&i !laB&C % *%arte la ti@'
AenitC *in ir%n i n2Beie seara 'resri
I
2& sn%aAe3 KDrag !laB& 2n( s2%i % n%& e(iie a
r%@an&l&i t& HL CCCe ti& t (ar (e 2e ntrebi HL se ne(&@erete !laB&4 KIa2 a
.:E
(e Mari&s4 CCM gn(ea@ a(n2a%ri 2 la % n%& ar *i '%ate ni@erit s<i Di2i =A@ 'le2at (in
satC (ar A"-C aj&ns (e'arteTL4 Ir%nia l&i Mari&s iDbea n 'linC (ar !Flab& 'ri@i l%Ait&ra
rnete4 l se ri(i2 (e la @as4 rDn( i *r Are&n se@n (e s&'rare (e BaD&lC 2e se *2ea
'e sea@a n(rDnelil%r sale steti4 !laB& i l& (a@igeana (e Ain 2& 2are AeniseC (in %(ia
l&iC la @as4 "2&Da l&iC 2 ar *i *%st a*&@atC 2n( 2& nt@'larea '%Aestit (e *l6laFri%araC n&
'&tea s *ie Aalabil4 !laB& n&Mse a*&@a ni2i%(atC 22i bea nen2etat4 l %bin&ia s bea *r
ntre<
r&
'ere4 N%a'tea i Di&a4 N%a'tea el i inea (a@igeana
2
& Ain lng 'at4 Di@ineaaC 2n(
tre2ea n B%lC s l&2reDe4 T. i 2ra (a@igeana i i<% '&nea lng eAaletC iar 2n( ne (&2ea@
2& t%ii la @asC el i a(&2ea (a@igeana la nias4 !laB& era &n ran @br2at K(%@neteLC &n
talent *%arte %riginalC (e<% Aig%are r&sti2 i@'resi%nantC 'lin (e s&r'riDeC @ere& n%& n i(eile
2e le (eDA%ltaC &n a&t%(i(a2tC 2are se %rienta &l&it%r (e j&st n 'r%ble@ele (e artC i 2are n&
2l2a n str2BiniC (e2t 2n( i se<nt@'la &ne%ri s 2%n*&n(e er%s&l 2& *iDi%l%gia4 )le2ase (in
sat 2& Are% (%&De2i (e ani @ai nainte i a(&sese 2& elC 2Biar (e i= %brieC gest&l 'ria'i2C 'e
2are eDita s i<l re2%n(ii%<@'rej&rri (e &rbeC sa& (e @etr%'%l4
ie tre2ea&C a(&2n( @ere& 2ite 2eAaPn%&<n viaa A&l&iL (e la *er@4 A@ a(%'tatC a2&@C (ar
@ai
.#
n (er(ereC a2east (en&@ire 'entr& gr&'&l n%str&C Lr@en&l i *2ea (r&@ @ai ales n
'resa i n br%&<a'rea& 2& ne@il&itaC 'regtin( 'entr& @ari 're*a<i@ia '&bli24 +er@en&l (e
K2%le2tiAL se '%triAea (e itrel2a @ai @< 'entr& %rele n%astre (e (estin(ere +r& @eseleC la
2are ne a(&na g%ng&l s%n%r al 2aseiC seri%as 2%ntin&a in(iAi(&alC n *ie2are %(i4
t(j(&ia@ s<@i ntreges2 'n la 2a't&l 2el%r 2teAa i't@ni ant%l%gia @ea s&@arC (ar (e
nalte 'reteniiC n liri2a &niAersal4 )%eDiileC 2e le trans'&nea@ n grai&l OHj
0
se a(a'ta& (e la
sineC *r s Area&C la ti'ar&l !oe-O*ele4 le (%bn(ea& &ne%ri % 'e2ete att (e 'ers%< 'rea&
ieite (in atelier&l @e&4 n (&' a@ieDi aranja@ &ne%ri @i2i eDt%riC 2n( 2itea@ 2%le2ti<in
a2este tl@2iriC 2e le 2re(ea@ s&*i2ient '&se la4 F .:>
'%(%'erele xM]
& si@@nt Ki@'erialistLC (e CU$KHAC tarele riiC ADn( 2&@ '%eDia alt%r '%'%are 2a(e %
integrn(&<se grai&l&i n%str&4 A2est si@@nt ( @ilire *a (e 2%n(iiile is
B%tarele araC Aa4M4TT9 AitC integrn(&<se grai&l&i t si@@intele (e &
Wa& @ai 'ieJPi% OPPPCC
i 2are s2Bia 'e 'lan&l 2<&rii i ai &A&O&C44<C <2&l&i i e2%n%@i2&l&iC &n n2e'&t (e (is'ariie
(e 'e @a'a@%n(4 Ct 'riAete sit&aia real 9 era n2 &n n%r%2 2 C a2easta n& aj&ngea
t%t(ea&na 'n n 2entr&l 2%ntiineiC CF 2i se %'rea (e %bi2eiC 'e &n(eAaC la @argini4 Cn(
ns * 2%ntiina 'rin(ea 2Biar n raDele l&2i(itii sit&aia (alaC n(&rerarea @ l&a n st'nireC
*iDi2C 'e la t%ate n2Beiet&rile4 At&n2i @ si@ea@ s*ritC i treb&ia s ies (in 2as4 C&treiera@
n @ar *%rat (r&@&rileC 2a s s2%t (in @ine <4Creala s&*leteas24 N& @ nt%r2ea@ n
2%liAieC (e2t
n%a'teaC trDi&4
"e l&2ra (e D%r n 2%le2tiA&l n%str&C 'ar2 a@ *i 'reAD&t 2 ni se (a <i@&l 'rilej4 D&' %re
(e tr&( se nt@'la &ne%ri s iei@ 2& t%iiC s 2er2et@ t%ate &ngBerele 84 tainiele *er@ei4
+re2ea@C (e 're*erinC 'e la 'risa2C sa as2<@ D&@Det&l Barni2 al albinel%rC 2e l&2ra& *r
'rJ getC a(&nn( @ierea 'eisaj&l&i n *ag&rii se2rei ai 2Ns&^ l%r @i2i (e le@nC 2l(ite (&'
t%ate reg&lile a'i2<&n i rs'n(ite 'e s&bt sal2@ii n2%A%iai (e '%Aara *l%ril% )e i2iC 'e
2%l%C se t&'ila&C 'e s&bt @eriC 2%nie (e n&iei ? @ie (in a'i2<&ra arBai2C a2%'erite 2& %
s2%ai s&bire (e @aterie 'lasti2C al2t&it (in argil i blig4 HiV (e%(atC re@ar2aC 2e sintetiDa
% atiLi< <lM4CK
s
@iCBiZ n%str& se si@te
tras s're arBai24 )re*era@ a2este 2%nie (e n&ieleC (%<% H rin %rgani2C @i2il%r 2s&e (e
le@nC 2%nstr&ite 2& rigla4 A2easta n '%*i(a *a't&l&i 2 ase@enea 2%nie se A(es2
On%s2t%ril%r @ai '&in 'ra2ti2eC i n '%*i(a *a't&l&i 2 i_ a2estea 2&les&l @ierei i@'li2
'r%2e(ee (e<% 2r&Di@e 4
n2a
li*i2abil 3 &2i(erea 'rin *&@ (e '&2i%as a ntreg&l&i O&)< De la
'risa2 % l&a@ s're graj(4 )e & ieea @ir%s&l (e blegar (e 2aiC 2are ex2it nrile 2ita(inil%r
s se (ilate %nN ia
&
L *%r@e 2er2&ale4 Caii 'rin(ea& s ne2BeDeC (% n(at 2e ne si@ea&
a'r%'iin(&<ne4 -i @ires@eleO r&sti2e tari ne trans'&nea& 2& t%t&l n Aiaa @ai 'res&s (e Arst24
n a2est graj( 2retea t%2@ai at&n2i @nD&lC 2are se 'ri2e'ea s *ie 2el @ai *r&@%s ani@al (in
2te res'ir 'e gl%b4 jO<aAea ari'iC ni2i s&bt *%r@a in2i'ient a &n%r 2%t%areC (ar ni@i2 n&<@i
@'ie(i2a i@aginaia s Aa( n el &n '&i (e 'egas4 -i senDaia (e 2ati*eaC 2& ni@i2 (e
ase@&itC 2e<% n2er2a@ 2n( l&a@ n 'al@ b%t&l @nD&l&iC @ a(e@enea s intr& 'entr& %
2li' n graj(C (e 2te %ri tre2ea@
'rin 2&rte4
ntr<&n alt 2%l al *erestrei se 2l(eaC (e l&ni (e DileC la @i2a *abri2 (e litarg4 A2east *abri2
era %bie2t&l grijil%r i ateniil%r l&i Mari&s n a2east 'ri@Aar4 )lan&l l&i Mari&s *&sese 2a
@ainile s *ie '%rnite a (%&a Di (&' s%sirea n%astr la *er@4 +%t&iC ina&g&rarea *estiAC n
'reDena &n%r %a@eni att (e il&triC 2r%ra Mari&s inea s le %*ere % (e@%nstraieC se t%t
a@na4 M%t%r&l aAea s *ie '&s n @i2are 'este K'&inL ti@'C 2are ti@' se t%t l&ngea4
"'erana 2 ni2i % s&r'riD ne'l2&t n& Aa interAeni n b&na *&n2i%nare a inAeniei 'entr&
'&lAeriDarea litar<geiC se @eninea inta2t4 KLitargaL era 'entr& @ine (%ar &n 2&Ant 2e ri@a 2&
KtargaLC (ar @i iriga 2&ri%Ditatea i i@aginaiaC 22i Mari&s lega n(ej(i @n(re (in 2ale
a*ar (e n%&a ntre'rin(ere in(&strial4 O'ti@is@&l s& teBni2C 'ra2ti2 i a*a2eristC n& s&*erise
n2 n*rngeriC 2are s n& '%at *i 2%@'ensate 'rin 'r%*it&rile i aj&t%arele 'ri@ite (e la %
s%a2r at%tnelegt%are4 n2%lit (e eAeni@entele (e la :/ A&g&st n2%a2eC Mari&s @ai
tresreaC t%t&iC 2t2<L(at4 )reAe(ea i el &n ter@enC 'e 2are ist%ria n 'lina (es*&rare &r@a
s<l '&n s'irit&l&i (e liber ntre'rin(ereC 2a'italist i b&rgBeD4 Mari&s 2re(eaC nsC 2 *aDa
(e liberalis@ aAea s @ai (&reDe n ara n%astr 2el '&in &n (e2eni&C (%&4 A2est %'ti@is@ l
(eter@ina s se lanseDe 2%nstr&2ia *abri2ii (e litargC al 2rei 'r%(&s era *%arte
.:8
C E4 i% n '&nerea la '&n2t a
in
attea ra@&ri in(&striatejn ) O
(i*i
<
O (e litarg se iAea& la
#OOarea rDb%i&l&i in<
an
eA%i%as *eAe@se (e la tO O
n
iAit
&nei er%ri (e 2aL2&i4
ii n2ear2 el s gseas2 % s%l&ie (i*i2&K @i arat Mari&sC K(ar e&C 2a inginerC @i (a& se F
+ (i*i2<ile n& @ai '%t *i nlt&raF NeajtA str&2t&r4 -i<i n2Bi'&i 2 n& @i<e F L4ii in2F F
est sit&aieC (&' inAestiiile @atei (estt A le<a@ *2&t 2& 2l(irea i 2& @ainii Fj&ns&rile
iAite n sin&l *abri2ii a(&2ea& % #U g&st (e 2en&C n Aiaa 2%ti(ian a 2%le2tiA 4an&lC
a&t%(i(a2tC 2are 'r%'&sese inAent6aC er4 n&s2%2it%r4 +%t(ea&na teBni2ian&l s<a (% C<e(it C n
ale 2r&i i(ei te '%i n2re(e4 De asl a s'e2&laiil%r sale teBni2e ne era eAi(ent t&i O
le2ia@ 2& t%ii er%area (re't ire@e(iabil4 ( ln(&lC nsC teBni2ian&l *2ea (e
(i@ineaa i Oa trDi&C n%i n2er2ri4 "e @ist&iaC n2t n 3 ti4T
L
J l&ase n*iare (e r4
Mari&s n<aAe O%tiO lsa b n2er2eC s @ai n2er2eC s n2er2e . C i s C % (atC i n2
% (at4
)entr& starea @aterial (e @are in(&A4C 4a a
Mari&s (e@%larea *abri2ii (e litarg ar *i re'reDenl4
(esig&rC % 'ag&bC (ar n& aa (e graA 2a s 2latine S
Are&n *el ansa@bl&l ntre'rin(eril%r sale4 D&' enerAa
(e eteAa DileC Mari&s se @ai @'2aC (e A%ieC (e neAe
2& a2est ee2C iar 2%le2tiA&l n%str& i rel& %bin&
a2tiAitate 'rin %(ieC 'li@brile 'e la 'risa2C i AiDi
.
4
la graj( la @nD&l ntrari'at4
N& '&tea@ s a*l@ la 2e l&2ra Le%nte n %(jO NentrebatC el n& 'rea A%rbea (es're ale sale4
Iar7
.:; g
eAita@ 2& t%ii sN<l <terogr/t5 i 2 '%art n irite 'r%ie2tTLM ari (e 2%@'letare a
i64i2C (W* a2&@ n& l&2ra n 0
sensC 2eea 2% se '&tea (e(&2e i (in *a't&l 2 n& s2ria4 *<aAea 'e (egete 'ata (e 2erneal (e
rig%are a celui 2are s2ria4 ntr<% Di l<a@ is2%(itC t%t&iC 2& t%ii4 Ne<a rs'&ns 3 C4N& l&2reD4
Cites2FF4 i a(&seseC n ate'tarea e'&rrii (in nA@ntC % sea@ (e CCbr%&riL (e la Iai4 Le<
a@ 2a@ ter@inat 'e t%ate4 Cites2 9 n2Bi'&ii<A 9 Sbr%&ri @enite t3 @ iniieDe n
(%2trina @]rxis+<leni<*tist<stalinist4 N& 2a s @ 2%nAing (e 2eAa4 2i 2a s A( atea't4
,eAelaia i (iAinitatea a& (is'r&tC (ai< a / %rgan&l A(eAr&l&i4 -i %rgan&l A(eAr&l&i
este t&l Central al F'arti(&l&i 2%@&nistC (in Uni&nea ti24 sa& @ai bine rFis ex'%nent&l
a2est&ia 3 genia<2 s&*i2ient s 2iteti br%&rile @i2riiC 2a s nelegi Dilei (e @ineC %ri&n(e
@i2area ia '&terea n ile sale4 In Da(ar D@bii n *aa a2est%r br%&ri t'<'e Brtie *2&t (in
s2r%b (e 'l2inte4 le 2%nin C 'r%*eie 7L A2estea era& l@&ririleC 2e Bi le (a ite 2&
'riAire la le2t&iile sale4 +%i 2%i (eF*aa it &n *i%r tre2n( 'rin r(2ina *irel%r (e 'rC 2e &
r@as nearse n2 'e 2retet4 N<a@ insistaM ite s ne 2%@&ni2e 2eAa (in sens&l
eAeni@ente7 3e le Ae(ea (e2&rgn( 2& '&terea (e 2%I S &n&i 'er*e2t sil%gis@C (in 'r%*eia s
& t
X\\'l
)ilin(
@C 4ex'e(iat 2& (%& Dile @ai nainteC re
la B&2&retiC s%sirea la *er@ a 'i2t%riei
FC 'Ai2ten @ai Ae2Be a (%a@nei Mri%ara
i b&n 2&n%s2&t a 2el%r @ai @&li (in
Aiai e& n& aA&sese@ n2 'rilej&l (e a %
4@ telegra@a s%si 2& ntrDiereC n%&l %as'ete
il@er2as2 n 2asC (in 2li' n 2li'4 Mari&s
O a s're garC s nt@'ine 'e AlinaC 2eilali
s<% ate't@ 'e l%24
i *2ea intrarea n 2as 2teAa @in&te @ai a'%iC
rv 2ei @ai @&li n B%lC 22i era 2eas&l (estin(e<FSate4 Alina era % *r&@&see &%r tre2&tC %
@iLC 2are 'ar2 i braAa sing&r % s*ialC 'e .:0
2are A%a s i<% as2&n(4 A&Dise@ @<e 2i&(ate l&2r&ri (es're a2east 'i2t%riC *r n(%ial
ex2e'i%nal 4(%tat 2are l&2ra (&' 2a'ri2iile &nei ins'iraii (e ne(%@esti2it4 In%gal n %'era
eiC t%t(ea&na interesantC ea '&tea s s%2%teas2 ale ei 2teAa iDbnDi (e<a (re't&l
geniale4 )arioara a(&2ea a(esea A%rba (es're Alina i ast*elC 'n ne s&r'rin( 2&
AiDita a2easta la *er@C i i *2&se@ o i2%an (est&l (e Aie (es're ea4 N& (e @<C Alina
2D&se la gn(&l s 'le2e n strintate4 A2easta n 2%n(iii (intre 2ele @ai ne'rielni2e4 )le2ri
n strintate n& @ai aAea& l%2 (e2t s&bt *%r@a eAa(ril%rC i@'li2n( 2ele @ai graAe ris2&ri4
C& 'aa'%arte n reg&l n& @ai 'le2a& (e2t 'riAilegiaii s%rii4 Alina inea @%ri s 'le2eC
2eea 2e alt@intrelea %ri2e intele2t&al r%@Nn ar *i (%rit (e aij(erea s *a24 -i ea nainta
o 2erereC 'entr& AiDa (e ieireC la 2%@an(a@ent&l s%Aieti2 (in ca!ital5 Alina aAea s *ie
2Be@at (e Are% 2teAa ori la 2%@an(a@entC &n(e *& s&'&s &n&i a@'l& inter%gat%ri& as&'ra
s2%'&l&i 2lt%rieiC as&'ra 'r%*esi&nii eiC as&'ra tre2&t&l&i i %riginii s%2iale4 C& neate'tat
abilitate siJ Strecur ea 'rintre s&tele (e ntrebri ale *%r@&larel%r4 2e treb&ia& 2%@'letate4
De la 2%@an(a@ent&l s%Aieti2 ea iei 2& i@'resia 2 a 2tigat si@'atia 2el%r 2e era& !u4i (e
!a? 2a ni@enea s n& @ai trea2 'rin 2%rtina (e *ier ee se lsa ntre rsrit iFa'&s4 Alina
Brnea 2ele @as vii nde*di 2 Aa %bine AiDa (%ritC 2eea 2e @&rit%ril%r (e rn( li se 'rea
2eAa (e (%@eni&l *antas@ag%riil%r "ici Mari%ara n& 2re(ea 2 Alina Aa %bine 2ele L/erite5
Dar telegra@a i s%sirea a'r%a'e 2%n2%@itent a Alinei4 % /cur 's Mari%ara s 2a( la %
bn&ial 3 K" 4tii 2 AUna are vvH.a (e ieire4 Alt*el n<ar Aeni la *er@4 6rda s ne @ai
Aa( n2 % (at nainte (e 'le2are4 4 Hrobabil3 2 'entr& 'le2are are tex<@en s2&rtFF4
A2easta ^ ra nc=eierea la 2are a*ungea )arioara3 2are eraC re'etC % vec=e 'rietena a AlineiC
i n a2elai ti@' (%2t%ria i
con/idena ei4
Alina "tere A%ia s 'le2eC (e%are2e (e 2tAa ti@' i /orase 2%nAingerea 2 n n%ile 2%n(iii
n& Aa @ai *i l%2 'entr& ea n arC ni2i 'entr& ea i ni2i 'entr& arta ei4 2are se nte@eia 'e
%O*%arte n(rDnea stiliDare i as'ir4M la % AiDi&ne s&'rarealistC ntr<&n *elC des!re l&2r&ri4
&lina se si@ea n (e'lintatea '&teril%r ei 'lasti2O4
,;1
LU!<%r @ai '&tea s *a2 ea ntr<% arC ?inCc n2e'eaC n
I
l-ii %*i2ialC rea2ia @'%triAa %ri2r&i
ele@ent (e stil n artFlC 'e @%tiA 2 stil&l ar *i K*%r@alis@L H -i &n(% %ri2e 44*%r@alis@L era
2%n(a@nat 2a si@'t%@&l 2el @ai eAi(ent al '&tre*a2ieiC n 2are a intrat s%2ietatea b&rgBeD4
AlinaC intrn( 2& Mari&sC n B%lC ne AesteaF2& 2leAa 2&Ainte 2 are n @n 'aa'%rt&l
2&444AiDaPP(eC jesire4 !estea in2re(ibil ne<a a@&it 'e t%i 'entr& Are% 2teAa
C
/i'eC 22i
*ie2are (intre 2ei (e *a i i@agina< 'aa'%rt&l salAat%rC 2are te tre2ea *r ris2&ri 'rin A@i
@ai aneA%i% (e tre2&t 'entr& &n %@ Ai& (e2t A@ile AD(&B&l&iC 'rin 2are n& tre2 (e2t @%rii4
Ni@enea (intre %a@enii (e l%riC si 2& att @ai '&in 2ei 2e a& iDb&tit s<i *a2 &n n&@e n
s%2ietatea b&rgBeDC n& se '&tea gn(i ni2i n Ais la &n ex%( (in a2east arC @irat n s*era (e
in*l&en a rsrit&l&i i n2%nj&rat 2& sr@ gBi@'at i 2& %b%are s&b@inate4 +%t @ai @&li
(intre 2ei 2e n2er2a& s eAa(eDe 2lan(estinC era& @'&2ai 'e la s'ateC sa& 2el '&in 'riniC
j&(e2ai i %sn(ii la6ani (e @&n2 silni24
-i Alina %binea 'aa'%rt n reg&lC 2& AiD (e ieire (in nt&neri2 n l&@in4 ra ntr<a(eAr
(e ne2reD&t4 N<a@ '&t&t a*la ni2i%(at (e 2e @ijl%a2e a &Dat a2east 2i&(at *iinC s're a
%bine AiDa salAat%are4 Alina eraC *iieteC o *iin 2& t%t&l ieit (in 44n%r@aL %a@enil%r (e t%ate
Dilele4 )%ate 2 ntr<% ase@enea @'rej&rare s<ar '&tea 2&ta ex'li2aia re&itei ei4 a se
'reDenta i n + iaa (e %ale Dilele 2a &n 2aD 2& t%t&l a'arteC (&' 2are tre2t%rii nt%r2ea&
'riAirile 2ltinn( se@ni*i2atiA (in 2a'4 )n i @br2@intea ei (e stra( eraC 'ar2C ntr<a27
ins 2&tatC 2a s atrag atenia4 "%seaFla *er@ 2Biar n a2east @br2@inteC 2e 'rea
&ni*%r@a &n&i ar (e 'e Are@&ri4 )&rta 22i&l (e 2aDa2 2& % 'an nir<1 'arte4 CiD@e4 -i @
&it l&ng la ea 3 ntr<a(eArC Un *el (e BainC 2are n<ar '&tea s *ie n&@it alt*el (e2t &ni*%r@
(e @'rat4 L&@ea strDii b&2&retene % 2re(ea i2nitC i aiit4 Alina era ns i2nit n&@ai n
@rs&ra n 2aF<e era i genialC a(i2 ex2e'i%nal (r&it 2& =ar 2reat%r4 N& e 2& t%t&l ex2l&s 2a
%a@enii ne<i2ii (in n%r@ (e la 2%@an(a@ent&l s%Aieti2 s se *i artat 2%n2iliani *a de eaC
2a 'entr& &n %@ ieit (in Kn%@M4 "<a nt@'lat n& o (at 2a %*i2ialitatea s%Aieti2 s *ie
ng(&
I
t%are *at (e neb&ni4 "e tie 2 %*i2ialitatea
RR ./.
bU
4 S *eAa2& it Fn& %
(& C 'este B%tare4 O i
'r%(&s at&'%ereC aA& l%2C 'e 2it ne i Basarabiei 2tre Uni&nea "%Aieti24 ,&i at&n2i rii
n%astre &n s2Bi@b (% (ein&i a@ (at 2'etenii 2%@&niste s2%ase (@ n(A o*^Ait 2& (rni2ie
t%i neb&nii eZ
in2&( r%@NnetiC 2e a aj&ns stiBt %bl2B CeAa ase@nt%r se ntr@'la4 'r%babile in D&'
'rerea eb@an(ainent&li ii2C
< &l&i % 44(es2reieratL4 Alina s%sea la t(r (e e&&2es 3 ea 2re(ea 2 2ei d( la i
ne<I
4 ieiF ^
Alin
rrn
=atrul (intr<&n /el de re2&i KrGului ei5 MCel @ai r?iu !es, s!,
ne an&na e b&n (rO ia A%iLF4 Alina AL (%&a Di din
&n(
I
% n
a (is2&tat
(i_'%6i 24!iC nM 'i iAi
.
2it
i .
4 aA si@M
a@ ZF7F7 s rtttr a ne-a reA ura situaiei5
n *aa v'i &%r inti@
+7 ar2at 3 4CC44444437 Aii
tere adi
ni voi s-i
it 2& F
Llti!i7
i *ernL a n B^ 7
@i2ai #
.
A
2J2e2a 2 'i (at4 Alina ^
&
ia l&i Mari&s 'erei
.
4 <Jrti et&l 'e 'nDC 'e 2are Ma n
@iart2T4 Alina *2& % (2@ j C+Jn s2Bia l&i Mai i as 2& &
M r '&tere (e sinteD i 2F
j 'artea @ea (e s'irit&ala
i '&nea n l&@in (e2t est
rC < M ale existenei4 ABna c s%@i F &l4 )e 'nDa *4Zat 'e S
n& J@C 2i &n s'iiit4 ra@ *44444444444< C <<<<<<<
*iin ntr<&n 2Bi' (aC i '%ate 2 @ai @< 2BiarC daiC3 '&tea@ s *i& 'rin *'t&ra @ea4 n
2arne< i 2is<e4 Arta '%rtretisti2 are (esig&r &n ase@enea stra@& #CC!" s're esenialC silin(&<
ne &ne%ri s ne re2&n%ate@ Oentitate @ai 'r%*&n( i @ai as2&ns4 Cei (e *K
*
i @Ws &l&ii
(e 2a'%(%'era realiDat n ti@' ^^tit !t JS t s&qt %2Bii E1 r.
./:
jn in(i3 7r 2ari
CU O i
4i NOB ntr
C%<% iC Alin%C la )arisC *r (eT iganii i'+
r ia B&ei&e& 4
*
ntreb MNri%aia4 ntrebarea n& ^
t
' ai (e te@eiC 22i Alina aAea 'entr&
'enel&l i 'a ei &n s&bie2t 're*erat 3 ign2ile4 Dar ign2ile AiiF era& 2a nite *ara%a*le
sa& 'rinese (in bas@ in(i M&li ani (in Aia Alina i<i 'etre2&se 'rin b%r(ei *igqn2ti (in
@aBalalele b&2&retene4 A2%l%F n Ai (e b%t (ei sa& (e 2%rtC n l&@ea greieril%rC a
*%2&ril%r si4 2er&l liberC a 2ea&nel%r i a grai&l&iC &%r 2ntat i B (&2itC (&' strAe2Bi
@%(ele sans2riteCM< ABa U ntr<a(eAr 2eea 2e 'rea s *ie (&' ilara ei &ni*%rrr @'rteas4
n @e(i&l a2esta Alina n*l%rea4 n I&n a2eeaC 2e % n2%nj&ra 2& (rag%ste i a(@iraieC Al
s2'a (e ti@i(itateaC (e 2are s&*erea ntr<&n *el b%lnF 2i%s 're2&@ aAea@ s a*l@C (&'
'le2area eiC 2Biar lPt MNri%araC (%2t%ria att (e aAiDat n an%@aliile s& teii 'r%'rii nea@&l&i
*e@eies24
i<ar *i '&t&t n ni2i &n 2Bi' s 'le2e la )# nai sta % (at (e !%rb 2& MNri%araC ntr<ise
a2esteia4 " n& &it@ 'e &r@ 2i 2&ta& s se 'rel&ngeas2 *r ter@enC a te Dnsena nu 8a
uri 7uJin", ci 8a a". Z)e Are@ea a2eea era 2& a#eAraM it al @%rii se instala ntre 2ei 2e se
(es'3 M&' alte (%&De2i i 'atr& (e %reC a n*iarea s*iet%are a &nei r&'t&riC 4 i
2e s<ar (es2Bi(eC i 'este 2are ni2i ' Ke te Z a nai aterne4
DA' 'O2area AlineiC 2are treb&ia s salAeDe t& Fla B%tare 2eAa (in Airt&ile artei n%astreC Dile n
=+ @& A%rbii (e2t (es'reM 2i&(eniile ei4 Mari%
AB4 + ' 2
.
se 2iaC U
ne 4
du
a& ti&t^
F
.
<% *rnt&r (in Aiaa 'rieteneiC a2e
2
Be 2%n(a@nabilC 2i @ai @< 'en ?. intele2t&alil%r (e
rasC 2e se as2&F 4e%le AiDibile ale &n%r *iine ex2e'i%ral a a2este a@n&nte ale Aieii
Al@ei le l%ra (intre n%iC *irete t%t 'e 2alea &n%r in(is2reii (in 'artea Mari%areiC 2are nsi
We ne(&@irea n *aa 2aD&l&i4 Cel @ai '&in iniiat n A4%a i<n straniile neaj&ns&ri
s&*leteti ale Alinei ^LF M@ e&4
Cine i<ar *i '&t&t i@agina 2 Alina i ng(&ia sa& i bine s'&sC i i@'&nea (iAersele
extraAagane att (e
,;;
iDbit%areC n&@ai (intr<&n sinAa@nt (e ti@i(itateC 2e<
era nns2&t H
5&sese 2n(Aa % *at *r&@%as AlinaC (ar (in t%t(ea&na (e<% b%lnAi2i%as s*ial4 La Arsta
2n(C 'rin *r&@&seea '&bertiiC 2e 'rin(ea s se 'rg&ias2C Alina n2e'ea s atrag %2Bii
tre2t%ril%rC eaC 2are ni2i @ai nainte n& 'rea s&'%rta 'riAirileC se B%tr s n*r&nte4 " n*r&nte
2e H O2Birile 2el%r 2e tre2ea& 'e ling ea i 2are (e la % Are@e (eAenea& t%t @ai str&it%are4
"*ialaC neaj&ns&l s&*letes2C % 2%n(a@na& la s&*erin4 -i<at&n2i Alina 2&ta @%(&ri (e a se
nAinge4 a B%tr s se @bra2e 2t @ai extraAagantC i<a2easla ntr<a(insC 2a s atrag 2t @ai
@<e 'riAiriC 2e treb&ia& n*r&ntate4 +i@i(itateaC 2e i<% 2%@&ni2a& %2Bii tre2t%ril%rC Alina i<
% n*rinse n2 (in anii 2reteriiC 2n( *%r@ele i era& s2%ase la iAeal (e 2nte2&l i (es2nte2&l
&n%r (arni2e &rsit%are4 De<at&nei a r@as ea 2& n2linarea (e a se @br2a 'e 2it 2& '&tin
@ai btt%r la %2Bi4 A2&@C la 'atr&De2i i 2in2i (e aniC ea 2%ntin&a s se @bra2e t%t att (e
extraAagant 2a la 2in2is'reDe2eC 2n( n a2est 2Bi' i bir&ise s*ii2i&nea (e r%( (at n 'rg4 Aa
aj&nse 2aC tre2n( 'rin (iAerse *aDe Aesti@entareC la i'%staDa (e K@'rteasL4 Alina @ai
aAea ns s s&*ere n Aia n2 (e @<e alte an%@aliiC 2%nse@nate a2&@ n 2r%ni2a nes2risC
'e 2are a (at<% s're 'strare Mari%arei4 A(&nn( 2%le2tiA&l (e la *er@ n j&r&l eiC Mari%ara
aAea s ne *a2 a(esea le2t&ri (in
i@aginara 2r%ni24
O Aia s&*leteas2C s&*leteas2 i *iDi2C (intre 2ele @ai ne%bin&iteC se (es*&ra n a&D&l
n%str&4 Mari%ara '%Aestea 2& AerA i 2%l%rat4 a (a ntN@'lril%r narate un relie* Are(ni2 att
(e i@aginaia ei 'lasti2C 2t i Kc (ar&l 2i a'r%a'e a2t%ri2es2 (e a @i@a an&@e sit&aii4 5a'te
i @'rej&rriC atit&(ini i rea2iiC se ntr&2Bi'a& K' 'aginile neAD&te 2& % s&'eri%ar
%bie2tiAitateC *r (e ni2i % &r@ (e *ab&laie r&A%it%are4 )ers%naj&l 'rin2i'al al
2r%ni2ii eraC (i@'%triAC &r@rit 2& % si@'atia 'e 2are n&@ai &n s2riit%r ar '&tea s<% a2%r(e
*ig&ril%r 2el%r @ai interesante ale n2Bi'&irii sale4 A*la@ ast*el 2 Alina a @ai trit 2n(AaC i
an&@e n 'ri@a ei tinereeC la )arisC %ra&l<l&@inC &n(e treb&ie s *i (es2ins t%2@ai a2&@C
2n( Mari%ara ne K2iteaL (in 2r%ni24 Alina a
./E
r
.
Oeat at&n2iC n 'ri@a tinerOe4 lrJ )a<i*C 2a s <n #4Ote&g&l a<tei sale i sN<i ?<4L < %
A3Ii&3ie4 4F2rat n (i]<4a ateliere i @ii tJ 4 'e @al&l "e n j%2&l (e l&@ini al a'el%rC n 2are
btrnii 'es2ari 'r&n2 &n(iaC s 'rin( 2te &n 'ete s*rijit (&' ntregi (e rNb(&rie ate'tare
i 'n(4 )e la Arsta %'ts'reDe2e ani Alina a *2&t 2&n%tin &n&i 'ii ger@anC 2are s&bt &n
'se&(%ni@ q%@Bi2C i 2re2 % *ai@ (e inAi(iat 'rintre 'i2t%rii @%(erni ai 5rar A2est 'i2t%rC
&n&l (intre 2ei @ai (% sea@ ai Arei aAea s<% n(r&@e 'e Alina4 "&bt 2%ntr%l&l @eter& 2are
'r%@itea % (eDA%ltare liberC *ata aAea s se gsej 'e sine *r 'rea @<e (ib&iri4 "<a nt@'lat
a'%i 2 2% era (est&l (e *ires2 s se nti@'le4 ntr<% b&n + iet%r&l aAea s se (e2lare n2ins (e
arDt%are 'at l4ii (e 'rea<*r&@%asa i ex2e'i%nal (r&ita sa 2l^ "i a'%iC n& 'este @<C el aAea
s<% 2ear n 2ste 2 F2a 2e tnra 'i2t%ri n& '&tea i ni2i n& aAea 2 MS C<i re*&DeC (in @%@ent
2e la &n 2&Ant al @aetri 2 @isiile 2ele @ai 'reteni%ase ale ex'%Diiil%r 'ariDi i!2e'&r a<i
s%li2ita tabl%&rile4 a se si@ea n(at%i [ Lntr& lansareC i (eAeni s%ia 'i2t%r&l&i4 +%t&iC ( 2<
ntre2tNr2a 2st%riei 2& *ai@%s&l 'i2t%rC ti@' (e ani Alina sRa n(rjit s i se re*&De 2a *e@eie4
N& % n(rjire 2e s<ar *i '&t&t @%tiAa 'rin Are% aAersH n 'rag&l (r&irii ea 2aC (e *ie2are (ataC
2&'rins 2 'ani2C 2a se (e2lana a&t%@at4 )ani2a a2easta se ex' a& att 'rin ti@i(itatea ei (e
t%t(ea&naC 2t @ai C
rintr<% nl@'lare a'arteC 'rin 2are Alina tre2&se Arsta (e (%is'reDe2e eni4 5eti2anaC 2e
n2e'ea l&g&reas2C era s 2a( Ai2ti@ &nei n2er2ri jjil&ire (in 'artea &n&i
ne2&n%s2&t4 n2er2area (e
r%@&riC 22<i @ai (a 'al'itaii i (&' atia aniC jie'it li@itele i se@ni*i2aia &nei n2er2riC
(ar i
<a alOsC du7 %2&l nerA%sC 2& &r@ri (e 2are aAea resi@t atta ti@'4 Atit&(inea ei *a (e
gen&l st' n l&@e a *%st (eAiat (e la ti'ar&l *ires24 -i as
)ist%ria 2& 'i2t%r&l ger@an r@nea ne2%ns&@at4 A
lNr&ia n nen(&'le2are *a (e 'ati@a (eDln&it7
J&l&i4 De a2i % sea@ (e neaj&ns&ri4 "e @ai ntnj 'i2t%r&l ger@anC as2&ns s&bt &n 'se&(%ni@
r%@aI *ie n a2elai ti@' (e<% gel%Die @ai @< r%@as
./>
(< ,' ger@ani24 A(ese%ri 'i2t%r&l treii&ia s 'l^ il%<n<^ i 2& l&nileC 'entr& a l&2raC n
Ae(erea exC &F%rC (e la 2are inea s n& li'seas24 n atari r< &rai 'i2t%r&l se
neA%ia s ia @s&ri 'reAentiAe si i Kl%anai 2a<n b&nele Are@&ri @e(ieAale ale i@'eri&l&i
r%@an al nai&nii ger@aneC 2re(ea 2 treb&ie s a'li2e s%iei sale4 2are ti@' (e ani n& aAea s i
se (r&ie 2a *e@eieC % 2ent&r& (e 2astitate4 -i 2Beia % l&a 2& el4 AlinaC 2are ni2i ea M n&
era 'rea @'2at 2& sineC n(&ra 2& rese@nare &r4 atare trata@entC 2are<i aAea aAantajele
saleC 22i e&iD+A 2el '&in ea s2'a 'entr& &n ti@' (e insistenele DilrT re'etate (e 2teAa %ri
ale s%&l&iC 2are se t%'ea net ne6te ntre (%rin i 'ani2C ntre sete i re*&DC nt%ar2erea
s%&l&iC (&' l&ni (e (es'rire4 Alina ^ (in<n%& s&'&s 2aDnel%r &nei 'asi&ni nesatis* a2&te4
' *aa insistenel%rC re*&D&l se (e2lana a&t%@at 2& t '&tere 'e 2are ni2i % %bin&in
n<% est%@'aC D&' %'t ani (e nArtire n 2er2&l Ai2i%s al &nei 2astiti i@'&O<'rin
a&t%@atis@ele se2rete ale AieiiC 2sni2ia se (es*2&4 Alina se nt%arse n arC B%trt s se
(e(i2e 2& ex2l&i<Ait J 'i2t&rii4 CteAa ex'%Diii an&ale a& aA&t (an&l s<t 4iseDeC
2ren(&<i % re'&taie (in 2ele AC biiiO stI te 3 ea era 'i2t%ria<@in&ne4 InegalC 2
M2ta >% g
r
i 'rea @< I genial 'rin 2teAa rei 2e M
ini '&nea& *r (is2&ieC a&t%area &n&i stilC ^ era I 4 ei i n&@ai al ei4 De<% sensibilitate
'ri@itiAIL i a*inain Dn a2elai ti@' )lin (e s'%ntaneitate4 !iDiM L4 I#nH
l<
%ri '%ate 2a
'rea (e2%ratiA4 A2easta era i, 2i4 D4ss
l<
!3 Jta H )r%ble@a ra'%rt&l&i (intre sexe % 'ix
i'a rLF si n4 AL Ori4 Iar (&' (es*a2erea 2sni2ieiC 'r%ble@a r $ia ^J LV2&' t%t @ai
@<4Cra 2%nsULnt (e AraF 2i&r s i % an&@e l&2i(itate 2it 'riAete s.ar= i *ni
(i*&DC 2are la %r atingere 2& &n brbat s<eA re6%ca in ireDistjbil 'ani jalni2&l
(een%2!nA&nt4 Dar %are n& iDb&tise ea s<i Frng la ArsM jbertNii % ti@i(itate (e
nat&r (e %@enea b%lnaA isC 'ri*l si@'le e*%rt&ri (e A%in i 'rin B%trrea ^ i
braAa ' La Arst (e treiDe2i (e ani Alina era n i J ail&(inea *r&@&seii *iDi2e i arta ei
@ergea (in iDbn( n ii<bn(N4 La a2eeai Arst 'r%ble@a relaiei (intre gen&ri aAea s<%
2%tr%'eas2 'n la %bsesie4 -i ea l&C n2 % (atC 2a<n '&bertateC B%trrea (e a KbraAaL4 i
a(&n A%ina t%et*4 n B&tritAn (% a se- (&r&i &n&i brbat4 C&lese (e 'e
./Y
tra
*7
LF )
e
&n
H,C&n2s2si4 i<l a(Fi=' n FF2i7
.
4 '_ r a (4t 2a'&l l%2&l&i i l<a aranOt 2& v
in!iin%t *e@inin 'entr& i@aginare @%@ente (e eZi Cnre4 2e se t%t arNna&4
Ne2&n%s2&t&lC 2a@ s&r'rins (e n%&l @%( i& n gare intraC se a(&n (intre i@'resii AiD&ale i
%l*a2tiAeC 'regtin(&<se 2& @i2i agresiAiti i 2& j%2&l (eC rig%a@ .7, @area %*i2iere 'rintre
2riniC (ar 2n( s intre n *&n2ie rit&alC se treDi l&at la 'al@iC i 2& % grin(in (e '&@ni
n 2a' i<n 2%aste4 Alina n& s<a '&t&tP @eaine ''ste At%rile t&lb&riC 2areC ri(ien(&<se (in
a(n2C (22an<ea& iari a&t%@atis@ele ei s&*leteti4 a 2D& (in n%& 'ra( 'ani2ii4
Ne2&n%s2&t&l b&i@2it n<aAea s neleag ni@i2 (in t%at iDbeliteaC n 2are s<a lsat is'itit4
"JJ Ae(ea sn%'it (e<% *e@eieC 2are a(n2a%ri l inAitase la ea4 +iAitaia *&sese *2&tC *r
n(%ialC 2& &n an&@e s2%'C '&tea4s *ie gBi2it (in ex'resia *eii *e@eiiC i (=a S<Ct '&rtarea
ei4 Ne2&n%s2&t&lI inti@i(at 2a &n r(&*n%J 3C B(ir<a l%Ait&rile 'e t2&te i se treDi (at
'e Ir4 i n 2ele (in &r@ @brn2t4 'rintr<&n n%& 2 n 'artea eiC 'e tre'te n j%s4 l @ai a&Dea
(%ar ntit n &r@a l&i4 i 2Beia s2rin( n br%%O2t n&ntr&4 Alina '%rnea ast*el 'e 2alea
&nei n%i 'r%*ei at@teC *irete4 C2i (e a2i nainteC n *ie2a
.
e Di Fjjeta 2el '&in (e
(%& %riC 2& ai ne2&n%s2&iC 2&
a
Ae 'e stra(C *ie (in 'ar2&riC *ie la 2ine@at%gra*e
resta&ranteC a2eeai '%Aeste4 -i '%Aestea se re e%ti'4 Ne2&n%s2&t&l a(&s n atelierC *2ea
'regtiiC O%ase sa& @ai sra2e (&' 2&@ l n(e@na L*ireaC n U*erea '&stiirii 2rinil%rC (ar la
2ele (inii agresiAiti 2& neles&ri (e sex4 Alina i (a re'li2a 3 ne2&n%s2&t&l re<6*Ja D(r%bit
n '&@niC 'e la 2%asteC stil2it 'rin ' 'riC i a'%i @brn2it 'e tre'te n j%s4 O
& *tti 2& Dg%@%t @ar2a (e *ie2are (at '&n2t&l *inalC > *&rt&naC 2e (&ra &n s*ert (e 2eas4
de2e ani a %*erit a2este in&@ane i int%lerabile 2%n(iii AiDitat%ril%r 2t%iiaL era n2 t%t
*r&@%asC (ar *2&se la brae !MTM#I H a2est%r Dilni2e exer2iii (e a&t%a'rare4 @&2L 2&
a(eArat atleti2i4 kr&&l 'siBi2 (e 2are ea era legatC in n%(&l 'ani2ii 9 se 'er@anentiDa< )e la
'atr&Det OaniC Alina ntlni ntr<&n resta&rant 'e<&n ne2&n%s2&i *2 se (%Ae(i @ai r%@Nna i
@ai 'ri2e'&t (%rit s&teO 'iile (e brbai atrai n 2&rs @ai nainteC ti@' 2 ani4 Ne2&n%s2&t&l
l& 2& el (%& sti2le (e Ain AeeJVC
./8
2Mar (% la resta&rant&l (in 2are era K2&lesL4 Aj&nai n atelierC ne2&n%s2&t&l i @bta s*inx&lC
'tt" la in2%ntien4 ,est&l s<a aranjat a'%i *r (i*i2<i i *r %bin&itele bti rituale5
Alina *& ast*el (eDlegat4 a n2e'& % Aia n%r@alC 2& 'asi&nea &nei *e@eiC 2are (%&De2i i
%'t (% ani a *%st s2laAa Unor (%rini aniBilate (e<&n a&t%@atis@ 'siBi2C 2e se instalase 2Nn(Aa
*%arte ana'%(a n *r&@%asa ei *iinC (eslig&rn( % existen [
i &n (estin4
dilele 'etre2&te la *er@ n<aAea& ni@i2 (in @%n%t%nia r&sti2 a @e(i&l&i4 +re2erea Alinei
'rintre n%i *&sese ai(%@a &n&i Ais2%l (e 2i&(enii4 Des're tre2erea ei aAea@ % (%Aa(
2%n2ret 3 '%rtret&l @e&C % i?bndG a arteiC 2&@ n& '&tea@ s @ai s'er alta la *el4 Dar Alina a
@ai lsatC n a*ar (e astaC % rAeal n *iina n%astr4 a era 'asrea @iastr 2are s2'a
(intr<% 2%liAie @are . 2t araCF i<i l&a Db%r&l 'este B%tare4 N%i r@nea@ (&' gratiiC 2a s
tnji@ 2& %2Bii n Dare4
ra s &it I la (es'rireC Alina ls l&i Mari&s &n 2art%nC &n (esenC n 'eniC *2&t la
re'eDeal4 ra % 'riAelite (e n&(&ri *e@inineC (e<&n (eD@ ner&inat [ i 2& (etalii (eR&n
realis@ l&bri2 i gr%tes24 Un (esen j 'rin 2are se arja i@aginaia Aal'&rgi2 a l&i Mari&sC I
2are '&tea s *ie ns a %ri2r&ia (intre brbai4 K-ti& 4 e& 2 'e (r&@&ri (e<a2estea i &@bl
Ais&rileL i Disa # ta l&i Mari&sC 2& &n aer seri%sC 2e 2%ntrasta ti@i( 2& jj i@agineaC 'e 2are i<%
*2ea 2a(%&4 Mari&s atrn (esen&lC I
'rea &n a'%2ali's al sex&l&iC ntr<&n 2&iC 'e 'erete4 .
ntr<&n 2eas @atinal @<a@ ni@erit n B%l n&@ai 2& L2%nte4 I se n@na % s2ris%areC 2e t%2@ai
s%sise 2& '%4Jta (% (i@inea4 Le%nte 2er2et @ai nti *el&l s2ris&l&i i *N2& &n gest (e
'l2&t s&r'riDC 2a<n *aa &nei 'riAeliti 2aligra*iate4 Citi s2ris%areaC 'strn( 'n la s*rit&l
le2t&rii &n s&rs bln(4 Ate'ta@ s ter@ineC n ti@' 2e
3er2a@ s (es2i*reD (es*&rarea gn(&l&iC (in ex'resia
*eii sale4
+er@inn( 2& 2itit&lC Le%nte @i s'&ne 3 K % seri<F s%are (e la Ana $are45 "e intereseaD la
&r@ (e tineC 2&i % (e%sebit 2l(&r4 Un(e eti 7 Ce *a2i 7L A&Din( n&@ele (%a@nei Ana
,areC 2& t%t&l 'e neate'tateC n& @i<a@ @ai j
./;
Miit st'ni e@%ia4 N& @ai tia@ (e atta ti@' ni@i2 ea4 A *i '&t&t s a*l&C (esig&rC @<e
l&2r&ri
i @ 'rsea4 A'r%a'e (%i ani tre2&serC (e 2n(
i @ai AD&t<% 'e Ana4 Ulti@a %ar % @aiF Drise@
n(C n Di&a (e '%@inC '%Arni&l 2%astei (eas&<
rr(inil%r (e la C'lna4 )rin t%ate s&*erineleC (Oe're<
leC ins%@niileC *r@ntrileC (in <i@ii CCi aniC Ana
I *&sese 'entr& @ineC @ere&C 2a &n sal&t (in aD&r4
&ra ei se trans*%r@ase 'entr& @ine ntr<&n *el (e
Jn 'er@anent al *iinei @eleC i(entibi2n(&<se 2&
2ea @ai a(n2 i 2& 2ea @ai inti@ (in as'iraiile @el24
ii la ea era % (i@ensi&ne % existenei @ele4 )e
Le%nte n& n(rDnea@ s<l ntrebC 2a s n& a*l& eAent&al
2 n& @ai este n arC 2 a 'le2at 'este B%tareC 2eea 2e
@i<ar O tiat res'iraia i @i<ar *i %'rit sng2le n Aine4
M '&rta@ 2& n(ej(ea 2 ntr<% Di ea Aa a'rea n 2Bi'
ne'reAD&t n *aa @ea4
KDe &n(e i s2rie HL l ntreb n s*rit 'e Le%nte4 nelesese@ (&' @ar2a (e 'e 'li2 2
s2ris%area Aenea rie
r
aC (in arC i 2 n& @N @ai ate'ta % (eDn(ej( 4 a*ln( &n(e este4
4CDe la Iai4 n2 (e la IaiC 22i 'r%babil n& Aa @ai ie @< ti@' a2%l%LC @i rs'&n(e Le%nteC
(a(&<rni t%t&i la ini@ j&ngBi&lC 2e @i<l (a @ere& gn(&l 2 chAi'.c '&tea s 'le2e (in arC
n& 2& 'aa'%rt n re 2&@ a 'le2at (e&nDi AlinaC 2i 2lan(estin i 2& . / ile inerente &nei
eAa(ri4 Le%nte a neles (in -1 (%are 2e @i<a nAlit n %brajiC 2 atinge % reI< sensibil a
*iinei @eleC A%rbin( (es're Ana II4 C4*&@ile n%astre snt @ai sensibile (e2i 9 Di&<i
aa HL @i Dise Le%nteC 'ar2 @i<ar *i g=icit cele @ai as2&nse taine ale si@irii4 KLinii
&na Ivii
'lea2 'este B%tare4 a si@te 2 aAe@ neA%ie (e eaFL4 KDar (e la IaiC (e 2e ar 'le2a HL ntreb
eF(tn(4 KDin a2esai 'ri2inC 2e @ Aa sili i 'e @ine s j -i an&@e (in 'ri2ina (e'lasrii
s&bterane a strat&ril%r ge%l%gi2e4 "e (isl%2 s'irit&l4 )r%babil 2 ni2i t& n& vei (e
al&ne2rile a2estea '@nt2tiL4
./0
C47S tr%NbN (e @>neC Ana H
3i
rnN n2&@et s<l is2%(es2 'e I i( alt2eAa (e2t
s<@i @&i s'&n ^J
(alC 2eea 2e @i 4s'&sese4
K+e i&3IA&bC (a2 i @ai a@inteti (e @i2&lC srer2<t&l in2en(i& (in ini@a brn(&il%r (e
t%a@n (e 'e 2%i4
tar&l&i 7L
KC& alte 2&Ainte 9 @<a iertatLC s'&n 2&C nseni<
nin(&<@4 C I
CCCe Arei s sn&i H +e<a iertat H AAea s te ie = 2eAa HL @ ntreabC bln(C (ar
str&it%rC Le%n&<sntr& t%ate 2ele *2&te i nt@'late n <i@ele C4 )entr& s'ai@a i
la2ri@aC 2e @<a %rbitL4 C&AinF4 @&ra& n glas4
4C D%a@ne 7L rs'&nse Le%nteC K'ar2 n<a@ *i n%i @art%rii ti4 )ar2 n<a@ ti i n%i
attea 7 Ai ' &n AiteaDC AxenteL4 Le%nte s<a ri(i2at i @<a @br<tt4 N<a@ @ai s2%s ni2i &n
2&AntC 22i Kge@eniiSF se
l *&r 2&Ainte4
ni@erit 2eas&l 2el @ai '%triAit 'entr& a A%rbi 2& G
Snte (es're Ana4 N<a@ *i '&t&t A%rbi (es're ea n j
It%raC i @ai ales n& n 'reDena alt%r *e@ei4 5a't&l G
a@ '&t&t s A%rbes2 2& Le%nte (es're AnaC era j
ig&l s&*let&l&i @e& 'e &r@a a2el%r s't@ni 'etre< I
n 2nte2&l 'riAigBet%ril%r4
re%ri se nt@'la s se ntlneas2 n a2eeai &ni i ti@'C i ntr<&n *el n a2eeai &nitate (e
a2i&neC '$ nai (iAeri i4 @ai 2i&(aiC (e2t era@ a2eiaC 2e j Unea@ la *er@a l&i Mari&s4 Cele
2teAa s't&@@i j I 4&te n 2asa (e la *er@C 'e lng 'riOa2 i graj(C j e'il%g&l &nei l&@i
2e 2(ea4 )rintre n%i era i $ 'r%*etiDa (in se@ne 2(erea 3 Le%nte )tra2&C %@&l 2are i
*2&se inA%l&ntar i *r a<i (a sea@aC 2& &n an nainteC &n s*rit si@b%li2C i 2are (e<
at&n2i sg a trin( 2a % &@br *r (estin4
n <i@a (&' a@iaD nainte (e risi'irea n%astr 'e la l%2&rile (e &n(e ne a(&naser@C era@
iari n B%lCj %*ie4 Li'sea (%ar Ar%n "tn2&les2&C 2are ieiseI re se 'li@baC a2&@C 2a@ (e
@<i%rC 'rin gr(ina Mari&s i !laB& se grbea& s ter@ineC *ie2areCF n&l (in @<ele '%rtrete
ale Mari%ar2i4 Le%nieC 2are .E1
? 7 (in
Site 4i n c
ea 2e
Finte (e nevi tabil
-
un !al Gn /elttl sL
'n ti@' 2e voi
. a 2&'rins 'J3 Man%ara 'e (&' 2a' 2& bra&lC (es2ria &n s%i (e a'< (
burg=e?iei n%astreF a i
irninen % ntre?rea A MBiata n%astre b&rgBeDieC ti2l%<F F . i(i2at (%ar n
2teAa (e2eniiC
i!ui s a*ung la Se%n+ *r a se *i le'(at (e '2N<
Dg&rNC (in 2are s<a ri(i2at4 N& (e asta @i 'are r&FFC 2%ntin&a *il%D%*&lC 44@i 'are r& 2
s!iritul intra %nie4 N& litarga ta e 'e targa4 Mari&s4 !e I
nainte (e Are@eC s<O
a
n
4
a
aA&t ni2i @2ar iine4 a se !rbu4e4t
ine s'irit&l4 i Aa l&a l%2& 'nint&l&i &n s'irit 2%n(ii%natC a(ie
nte se %'rete in 'lin (i [baiFei (e @'la sa 3 44Min&naiIFG OH'4 Da2 n<a *i %@&l *r (^
<4Ssie Dile (e ex&beran 'ri@
a2east re* anti<s'irii &!oi C lZ @eie e4ti t
ArI
lui Mari&s4 -i te<& sr&ta alt*el (e2t t iatL4 5il%D%*&l se a'le2 s're (%a@na Stnc % 'arteC
i 2&'rinse %braD&l 2& a@n(%& rii 2&rt i re'etatC a!roa!e 2& nesaC 'e gui
@%i aiC Mari%ar4 2a ni2e (e a *i sr&tate (e OOCti@' 2e Le%nte
e4 2& aer (e s 6MC7<U lari%ara4 s%&l aees C i bag 2a'&lC iFra i'at2ie 4@ Mai
(%i4 l 'ri
sr&tC s2&r
P8
*
e 'etale (e tran(a*ii
4 2are @ai a& &n (estinLC ie ast*elC 2a % &@br (in L4 're&irea 2e<% are *a n(&l Ks'e2iali<
*
FO
MJL <Jate 2&AntC ' i2 2& &n D@bZ 4 re'etatC 'e '+
a& i e& @ii42 &@i&i2a@ intrjO t ntr<&n 2a(r& (e eOs transe tn s*iFit 2 &n st&' a r%it (intr<%
a s<ar 2&Aeni sa 'rin(e@ r%i&lC 2ai2 re LLgie &n&i @r (in a'r%'iereC s ni t& L44%riiC 2&
b&lgri4 Mari%4&a n2e'e s 2& @<e s&bneles&riC (e s2ena n (es*i C 're*2&t 2%ntrariatC
&n 2&Ant s%&l&i ei LC 'rin(e r%i&l 3 las<l 'e Le%nte s @ sr&te 2a are n& @ai are (estin4 +&
n& AeDi 2<l (eranjeDi HL %*&G n2e'e s r(N i el 3 44BineC (rag Ar2ane4 U4<a '&s s a'ariC
t%2@ai a2&@ @ '4iAD&l iFe@<
,2,
D&<
trei HL ,rl2r4@ 2& t%ii4 ra &n rs iAeaiC 2&rat i iDl "e 2%nta@ina (e a2est rsC n 2ele (i
HC i Ar%n 2ai tMC
'riAin( (in gr(in n B%lC i%t @ai str&ia 2& 2%atele< l++ *ereastr4 ,s&l 2retea i s2(ea n
Aal&riC r%st%g%lin(&<i @&r@&r&l (e a' @are I se a@este2a& n r@@n&r '&P [ ritatea
s'iiFit&al a *il%D%*&l&iC 2are aAea nti'rit n %al L
I
*iina sa stig@at&l &nei 2astiti a'r%a'e
sa2er(%taleC j BaD&l n%str& n @arginea &nei s2ene 2areC 'entr& (&B&ri g n& li'site (e &@%rC se
'retaC t%t&iC la 2ele @ai (iAr<3 S<
\
inter'retri4 H%B%tele se (%Da&C la *ie2are (in n%iC alt*elC
<(in argintC ara@C 2i%b&ri (e argil i glas (e nierlC 'entr& 2a s (eaC n ansa@bl&I %
a(eArat si@*%nie a [ rs&l&i4 I&re&l n%str& iDbAit%r a atras i 'e 2%'iii 2s%iC i 2are nir
(in n2'erile l%rC i 2are se '%@enea& b%n%< j tin(C *r a ti 'entr& 2e4
n Dilele &r@t%areC 2%le2tiA&l aAea s se (estra@e4 SF )le2ar@C 'e rn(C 2& t%iiC *ie2are la ale
sale4 De%2a@(atC se (&2eaC *ie2areC la Ae2Bile sale r%st&riC (ar n& 'entr& @< ti@'4
O HnN nainte (e n2Beierea an&l&i &niAersitar @ij 'rel&ngea@ 2%n2e(i&l (e Kb%alL 'sntr&
n2 Are% 2teAa l&ni4 )rel&ngirea % 2erea@ s&bt 'retext (e b%al4 D% *a't iasC (in alt @%tiA4
"it&aia n nA@nt era 2& t%t&l C ne2larC i n& tia@ (a2 *a2e sa& n&C s<@i reia& a2ti<
Aitatea (i(a2ti24
n t%a@na an&l&i .0EY treb&iiC t%t&iC s @ B%trs27 a<@i i@'&ne (is2i'lina &niAersitar4
)le2area (e la "ibi& C la Cl&j @i era ns%it (e<&n *%arte (eDagreabil si@t<l @nt al
'r%AiD%rat&l&i4 ra (e 'reAD&t 2 BA@nt&lF &niAersitar Aa tre2e 'rin @ari iC A%rba 2el%r
(e la MinisterC Ksnt%aseL 're*a2eri4
"%sit n 2a'itala +ransilAanieiC era@ is'itit s A( 'e*li (%a@na OetaAia OU2an&C 'e 2are n<%
@ai AD&se@ i S 're 2are n<arn @ai a&Dit ni@i2 2Biar (in a2ele 2teAa Dil
e
[ i n%'iC 2ntl @i s<
a strnit 2riDa existenial n legat&ri
.E:
&
#Lggirea (e a n&<i @ai gsi4 N%ii l%2atari @i %'<*Oa& 2 'r%*es%r&l OU2an& n& @ai este la
Cl&j4 )r%*es%<j (e te%l%gie ar *i *%st Ke'&ratL4 DeAenin( in(eDirabil <i a2est %raC s<ar *i nt%rs
la tarC 2& (%a@na i *ii2aC i F2 s<ar gsi 'e &n(eAaC 'e la Alba<I&liaL4 L H a(ia
'resenti@ent&l 2 @< ti@' n& aAesjjn s rnn la Cl&j4 Un glas @i %'tea 2 se Aa il@'la
2& @ine a'r%xi@atiA 2eea 2e s<a nt@'lat 2& 'r%*es%r&l (e te%l%gie Oltean& sa&C 2a s rni@
n 2a(r&l &n%r si@ilit&(ini (e s%aitC @ai *ieC 2eea 2e s<a nt@'lat 2& L2<
%
nte )tra2&4
)e la s*rit&l l&i a&g&st .0<l1 (%sar&l l&i Le%nte i
narL4 nAin&irea ae a n rs'&nDt%r 'enti Ni2%lae I%rga era 2%nse@nat n (%sar U(&' &n
arti2%l a'r&t 2n(Aa ntr<&n Diar (in 2a'italaC n& @< (&' rst&rnarea (e la :/ A&g&stV4
nAin&irea a2easta eraC t%<
grat&itate
s *ie tre2&t la (%sarC i 'r%A%2a l&i Le%nte &n g&st (e 2erin (e @%rt n 2er&l g&riiC a@ar i
arDt%r4 C2iC (&' 2&@ ne a@inti@C n& Ni2%lae I%rga a *%st ti@' (e (%&De2i (e ani inta
&n%r nesb&ite ata2&ri (in '2irtiII l&i L2<%at2 )tra2&C 2iC (i@'%triA L2%nle )tra2# *&seseC
2e7 'ai % (at 'e l&nC ata2at n 'res i nF '&bli2iti <L l (in 'artea l&i Ni2%lae I%rjta4
Le%nte n<a rs'&ns % (at inj&riil%r 2e<i Aestea&C 2& inter@itenC (in riI4nAF74Fi 'r%*es%r (e
2%ntiina nai%nal4 L&i 3I i se &i4ii a(ir<eC la (%s4rC a2&Da 2 ar ntreine le<'rietene<3 i 2& &n
2&n%s2&t '%etC (e a
2
e@2ni Ki(e<10i Krea2i%nai<F4 A224
r
Tta 9 a *i 2Birr t&4 L2%nl4M 42& @ai
est% a2&Dat (e lOO&t&ri 2& 2n 2&i ie @arii iiiC a(i2 9 2& Mari&s B%rDaC i 2& A!x% )2&ra<
2&n%s2&t&l (&@an al '%'%r&l&iLC 2aAe a n*&n(at Oe Are% (%i ani '&2ria 'entr& atit&(inea sa
C4%AinL i TiF(i%areFF4 UMe@%riile a(resate 2& @&lU ani nainte "ig&ranei r%@NnetiCF 'rin
2are Alexe )&2&rari& arta
tl#
t 2e a *2&t 2i 'rin ,&sia n *%l%s&l Knea@&l&i r%@a<
.E/
* 0 g *@ -i
ta BB; cu o QD
S3 % %
< M. H
i*e
C C+i
ita
2i )
4G & =0
g G;:
I: >R+ ta o
F
S<4
Oi
S F S
I -P
9S s Jra 2a
( F; ; g -
+
( <U
a<s
W %
3
O
1V
"
2" O
% ^&
si
yn "
F: <e
C)
1BB . ca
/
"CU
M
CLV ) P / O tV#/ G 2/ <& % *iI
@
35s5TO0
)
U
S/ * rt 4 4 / 2 H O i> - H
. '
liV
tu MA
g S g -S FB
FO Oi
+
2a
a % (a
C = C E:
/ 2aC"
M
SS- ] u
F/ a.
M
CU
B 4<C
N
1
>aV ii
/ 4
2a
4a 2a
<" TS
/ O H 7"
<Sg
g
2a
iiiL<3
WViOW2Vti
s
lVl
;
iM / M M < -4 L""L = <" i
3
s O 2i
.
2a
M = O O
2 2 <" "
/ /<
N
H i
/ 9i N iC
g / *el
95n
&
2;
h#
<s o #; > ui- u
<O MC <% e&
KF I, W
^' % % %
M<L i2a
s
"e
G
s /i U
OV ( 2s
X
2
`C"
0/
";
u
/;1
9^ T2a x7
in <7i O % SL
H
O " / = 4" "
.
" O
% FN 4e J2a <S % " 2j
P ^a
/ <MM F"
rt J2a % % O/
<4 2i
% 2% % e
rC % 2e 2
" MRi L
t
<
J
n<^
O O **l
"# C Cj
/ C ^e J=
O<J C# OJ
/ O ^j 2"
BI
cu 2
; P s
2
5 rD "(
I*i<"
b
.Ll
/<3 <( H
8O / JC+/ Mr.
o "; -o I
<-i c b
aN c
t<
6<i rO /
r*<jil ja
C PI Q
41 %
g 2 " 4ts U " S 4 2 / L" N _ s =
S<S4
/ 2
e
O % '
" > 2 = "
=L O 97 i C/ M
a2
2aO CI #
/ %
%
b
%
ini
II Sg
B
1;P
C ] O4 <
/ O aI
b1
M
/ 4OC ]
/ O
PP 2n <<4 % / L F*i " &C 4#H E" 4: aL
3-i +PIF4 S
r
R4 T<l O! ] O
g B >< % 44 <( t
44% ;#
G/
Ss *j
"22-%
O F<r
3rt ; CS -r-
: a<i /3
ea
%";C"<>i
I O
ra
2a H % /
O4 1/ ii C ^f F<
1
% 4a
/ /
X>
/
C -
a s
/
.
<\ : b 2 l<L1 <>E ea
l&ni nainte (e ?I intra n Aig%are graAele . (e Kali<
niereL a nAM sNnt&l&i s&'eri%r4
C%n2%@itent se *2ea& 'regtiri alar@ante n t%ate (%@eniile Aieii %btetiC n Ae(erea
Aiit%arei l&'te (e 2las4 Un(eAaC 'rin tainiele se2retariatel%r (e 'arti(C *ie2are @e@br& al
2%r'&l&i (i(a2ti2 i aAea a2&@C 2a t%i 2eteniiC (% alt*elC &n K(%sarL4 A2%l% se nregistra&
t%ate in*%r@aiileC 2e O '&tea& %bineC 'e %ri2e 2al2 i (e la %rii2ine 2& 'riAire la tre2&t&l
'%liti2C la starea txiateri
S <<<<<
33
RMLL
.
ai<ii<%riiiti4 n a*ar (e
(e *le4alt&rat (%sar
=ea era& ti2l&ite &! n n%&a sit&aie4
e la tre2&t&l '%&&2C 3.$3
a
r&l&i4 Oanenii era& a're2iaiC n a*ar ( SLSM
rA
L
^
LF iAsi x2l&siA
tit&lar&l&i &l&i4 Oa@enii era& a'a<&&
n
%ri2e @i i [ rs%naleC ale l%rC n 'ers'e2tiAa ex2l&siA a
interesel%r (e 'arti(4
Dat%rit in(is2reiei &n%r *&n2i%nariC 2ari aAea& a22es la (%sareC a*lai 2 e& 'ers%nal aAea@
ntre 2art%anele @ele en%r@ (e @<e K*ileL4 Mi se a(&2ea i @ieC 2a i l&i Le%nte )tra2&C
nAin&irea 2& a *i Ki(ealistL i Krea2i%narLC 2 a@ re*&Dat 2%lab%rarea 2& 2lasa @&n2it%reas2C
'r%(&2n( ast*el % (%Aa( nAe(erat 2 %'&n % A%itC %stentatiA reDisten la %*ertele (e a @
integra n n%&a Aia %bteas24 9 In*%r@aii 'entr& (%sare seC2&legea& 'e t%ate (r&@&rile4
De la C'lnaC (in 2t&n&l (e @&nteC &n(% ,e<a@ *2&t bejenia n ti@'&l b%@bar(a@entel%rC
a aj&ns n (%sar&l @e&C 'rin b&nA%ina 2ine tie 2r&i g&at l%2alni2C (eAenit agent al
se2&ritiiC Kin*%r@aiaMF 2 ne<a@ *i re*&giat n .0EEC 'e<a2%l%4 2& @ai @<e 2are n2r2ate 2&
lDi (%l(%ra (e Ka&rL4 ,e*ereni bl%i (% jin( n%ta& la (%gar 2 Kin*%r@aiaL ar *i Aeri(i2C i
2erea<43 s se 2ere2te6e 2&@ @i<a@ *2&t K*ab&l%asaL aAere4 Ci&(ate i 'rir3 I(i<%ase
rstl@2iri i gsea&C (&' "tia aniC bas@ele n legt&r 2& lDileC in 2are inea@ *aiana
l&DitanNC l6i 2e le @ai 'stra@ 'rin '2(&l 2aseiC *ere2ateC n2 i astDiC 2& benDi (e tini2Bea4
D% atta trans'%rt '% atea (r&@&ri *aiana era a2&@C (esig&rC n 'i& le& 2ea @ai @are
4 tente s (in Aia% & ales s<@i & 'ilAiri
4
F&i (in a2eeai s&rs 2 se (e'&n *er^ se %bin in*%r@aii 2& 'riAire #4a an&@e 'e
4 (e la %a@eni 2ar%C (in (iAerse @%tiAeC
lia (&@ani4 In*%r@at%r&l 2el @ai a're2i 4<SS <O t<<PPPP
ts e2&t&l @e& 444'%liti2L (eAenea &n *%st (i'l%@atC 'e 2ar% eAeni@entele (e la :/ A&g&st .0EE
l<a& 'rins n ar i 2are n<a @ai '&t&t s 'le2e 'este B%tare4 In*%r@aiile %bin&teC 'e a2east
2ale (es're @ineC al2t&ia& &n @n&n2Bi
l<lY
in*%r@aiile ('i%@at& *l
las 2a & @i se 2reeDe (i<
Cine 4 n %@&lC 2are (a in*%r@aiile (estinate a @ s2%ate (in 6iaea '&bli2 sa& '%ate 2Biar
(in KAiaLC '&r
i si@'l& H
CBesti&nea treb&ie l&at 2Biar (e la %riginer*n 'ri@Aara an&l&i .1/; *&s2i tri@isC 're2&@C
(a2 a@intirea n& @ nealC a@ @ai '%AestitC 2a @inistr& 'leni'%teniar n L&DitaniaC ar
e&r%'ean 2& *inister %2eani24 n 2a'itala L&DitanieiC &n(e &r@a s<@i re'reDint araC gsii 'e
&n se2retar (e legaieC 2ai2 ti@' (% 2IiAa @i a *2&t a2 'e Knsr2inat&l 2& a*a2eriL4 La %
ase@enea sit&aieC t <I<22'ti%na 'entr& gra(&l sa& n ierarBia (i'l%@ati2C " <2retar&l i
3
iAa4
*ireteC (in rs'&teri4 "it&aia (e Knsr2inat 2& a*a2eriL 'r%(&2e a(eArate raAagii n
'siB%l%gia se2retaiil%TI (e legaie n generalC 22i % atare sit&aie nsea@n % 're*ig&rare a
a2eleia (e @inistr& 'leni'%teniarC la 2are tinerii (i'l%@ai as'ir 2Biar (in @%@ent&l n 2are
iDb&tes2C 2& aj&t%r&l @t&ii%rC (e %bi2ei (%a@ne (e %n%are la Cr '"i, sN<i (ea exa@en&l (e
Kataai (e legaieL4 Iar Knsr2inat&l 2& a*a2eriL se b&2&ra n l&@ea Kb&nL (in t%ate rileC
ntr<&n 2Bi'C (e t%ate %n%r&rile sa& @2ar (e si@&la2r&l (e %n%r&ri (e 2are se b&2&r @inistr&l
'
.
eni'%<teniar4 nsr2inat&l 2& aFa2eri i re'reDint ara n ab<sena @inistr&l&i sa& n ti@'&l
2it la % legaie se (e2lar % Aa2an4 Cn( se@neaD statele (e 'latC nsr2inat&l H' a*a2eri
n2aseaD i al%2aia (e # o'reDentare 2e e2BiAaleaD &ne%ri 2& &n @<i'l& al salari&l&i 2e<l
'ri@ete4 lesne (e i@aginat 2it se %rete &n nsr2inat 2& a*a2eriC 2n( i 'arAine Aestea 2
&n n%& @inistr& 'l2ni'%t%niF Mx e n&@it n l%2&l r@as Aa2antC 'rin 2eea 2e sit&aia sa (e
nsr2inat 2& a*a2eri n2eteaDC iar el (eAine (in n%& 2 I Ii '2e este 3 se2retar (e legaie4 Cn( n
'ri@Aara an&l&i .0/; Ia@ 'le2at (in ar 2a s<@i ia& n 'ri@ire '%st&l (e @i nistr&
'leni'%teniar n L&DitaniaC @i s<a atras atenia 2 iW2%l% A%i *i se2&n(atC n a2tiAitatea @eaC
(e &n se2retarC %@ (e ni@i2 i in2a'abil4 )rin bir%&rile Minister&l&i i se s'&nea K!iel&l
.
F4 Mi
se @ai atrase l&area a@inte 2 !iie<
.E8
% "3. e& a&re%l (e (i
2& 'alat&l4 La
@ii ar *i d& a'r%'iat (e<a @i2i i 2 ar aAea strnse leg<gi -? n L&DitaniaC ara 2eE%r
a 'ri@Aeri i tNrN e^ t%a@nC @i gsii se2retar&l la I st4 A@ l&at n 'ri@ire legaia4 n2 (in
'ri@&l 2eas al
b%rriiC se2retar&l n2e'& s se la@enteDe 2 Legaia tre2e t%2@aiC 'rintr<&n @%@ent (e 2riD4
i 2er l@&riri4 Care<i 2riDa H CriDaC iF%arte (eDagreabil 'entr& 2iC 2%nsistII n *a't&l 2
(a2til%gra*a LegaieiC %
s
tnr l&Ditan4 0i-a 'rsit '%st&lC inteni%nn( s se 2st%reas24 Ki
i HM l ntrer&' e&C KA%@ gsi % alt (a2til%gra* 7L 44Dar s Ae(eF4 (%@n&le Ministr&LC @
l@&rete "e2retar&lC CC(a2lil%<
a 2e ne 'rseteC inea i 2%ntabilitatea LegaieiC %*i2i& extre@ (e 2%@'li2at4 N& A%@ gsi n
t%Ft %ra&l % a
i (a2til%gra*C 2are s se 'ri2ea' i la 2%ntabilitateFF4
aja se gsea (e2i A(&Ait (e (est%ini2ia *&n2i%nareiC
'n a2i 2%n(&sese t%ate treb&rile (e bir%& ale Lega<
4<etar&l 2%ntin&a s se la@enteDe 2 n& se 'ri2e'i
Ci i ii@2ti2LF i 2 n& Ae(e (e%2a@(at ni2i % ieire (in
l<a@ 2er&t s<@i arate registreleC a(i2 s @ inii<
CF&in n treb&rile 2%ntabilitiiC 2& 2are l&a@ 2%nta&
a %ar n Aia4 A *%st 2& ne'&tin s %bin Are% l<@&rir' (in 'artea (%@n&l&i "e2retarC 2areC
t%t&iC 'atr& ani se@nase n 2alitate (e nsr2inat 2& a*a2eri t%ate ra'%artele
3
(e 2%ntabilitate
2tre Minister&l (e xterne (e LC B&2&reti4 A@ re@ar2at (egrab 2 "e2retar&l se 2%@'%rta
n *aa registrel%rC 2&'rinDn( n @are 'arte s%2%teli 2%ns&lareC ntr<a(eArC 2a &n Aiel4 i
Aeri*i2a@ '%re2la i<% gsiI *%C b&n reg&l4 -i a@ neles 2a n& '&tea@<Rs ate't (in 'artea
l&i ni2i % iniiere n %'eraiile 2%ntabilitii4 C%ntabilitatea legaiei n& l&2ra 2& s&@e @ariC (ar
aAea4 2eea 2e e *%arte *ires2C t%ate 2%@'li2aiile (e r&bri2i ale &n&4 @inister4 In n%&a @ea
2alitate gsii 2 n& '%t s *a2 (e rs Legaia n *aa Minister&l&i (e xterneC @'%t@%lin(&<@
n ase@enea 2Besti&ni (e ni@i24 C&@C 'n la 'reDentarea s2ris%ril%r @ele (e a2re(itare n ara
l&DitanC n& aAea@ 'rea @<e treb&riC B%tri s n2er2 a @ iniia<sing&r n 2%ntabilitatea
Legaiei4 "t&(iin( registrele i ra'%arteleC 'e 2are (a2til%gra*aC 2e se 2st%riseC le in&se n
'er*e2tIL4
&lC a@ re&itC 2& %arei2are e*%rtC s @ l@&res2C i a2easta n 2&rs (%ar (e 2t%Aa Dile4
L&2r&l 'rea (e nebir&it (%ar &n&i DeADe2C 2are 2&n%tea %'eraiile arit@eti2e
.E/
N
e
baD n&@ai a'r%xi@atiA i 2n( era& n aAantaj&l s&4 AT g/
s
i
l
2e
M
e
O
@
&r@ % n%&
(a2til%gra*C 'e 2are ns ns&@i *&i neA%it s<% iniieD n treb&rile 2%ntabilitii4 Legaia
era
(e2i
O
@
n%&
@
2%@'let&l ei 3 e&C se2retar&lC (a2til%gra*aC % l&Ditan i %@&l (e serAi2i&C t%t l&Ditan4
O@&l (e serAi2i& se n&@ea #%a%4 n&@e 2e se 'r%n&n
I
@ li@ba riiC #&<a&4 "ilaba a (%&a se
r%stete 'e nas i a22ent&atC si se a&(e 2a &n @%n%silab ltrat (e 2ine4 #%a%C s *i t%t aA&t
treiDe2i (e aniC era &n %@ *%arte 2&@se2a(e ij%arte serAiabil4
M
di&a nti a l&nii este i 'entr& legaii % Di (e%sebit i *%arte ate'tat4 Di&a 2n( s%sete
2e2&l n lire sterlineC 2& s&@a t%tal a salariil%r4 La . I&nie (%@n&l "e2retar Aine @ai (eAre@e
la bir%&4 "e arat extre@ (e a*erat4 +re2e 'e la @ine4 Ar (%ri 2a re'artiDarea salariil%r i %'e<
raia (e s2Bi@b la ban2 a lirel%r n4banii riiC s le las n grija saC (e%are2e are ex'erien i
legt&riC n2t %'eraia n& Aa s&*eri ni2i % ntrDiere4 M nA%ies24 D&' Are% 2teAa %re @i
'ri@es2 salari&l I 2eilali sl&jbai (e ase@eni4 Ca s @ 2%nAing 2 %'eraia este n reg&lC a@
(es2Bis &nFDiar l%2al s A( 2are<i 2&rs&l lirei4 )rintr<&n 2al2&l si@'l&C *2&t n 2a'C '&tea@ s
Aeri*i2 2 "e2retar&l @i OKe salari&l 'n la % 2enti@4
OOSgsea@ (e2i aeDai n @&n2a i<n %bi2ei&rile (i'l%@ati2e4 Ca@ la (%& l&niC (&' 2e @i
l&ai n 'ri@ire '%s<OHOa& (e A%rb 2& (a2til%gra*a (es're (iAerse 2Besti&ni OOB&4 a @i
s'&neC 2& %arei2are s*ialC 2e (a &n *arar te *r&@&seii ei (e ti' arab 2 %@&l (e serAi2i&C I i<
ar *i r%stit &n *el (e ne@&l&@ire 2& 'riAire la . 2e<l 'ri@ete4
&@ a(i2 H Dar 2e salar 'ri@ete #%a% HL % ntreb 7aria L&iDaC (a2til%gra*a4
& ti& 're2is4 n %ri2e 2aD 9 s Ae(ei 9 el n& 'ri<s&@a 'entr& 2are se@neaD n statele (e
'latLC @i n(e (a2til%gra*aC CC(e alt*el ni2i 'n la @ine n<a t%2@ai n ntregi@e s&@a 'entr&
2are a@ se@nat i@ireL4
F%aite s&r'rins (e a2east n%&tateC % ntreb i Ct ai 'ri@it D<ta HL
A'r%xi@atiA j&@tate (in s&@a in(i2at n stateL4 OCC&@ HL *a2 e& @iratC Ki #%a% HL
[U
.
'ri@ete a treia 'arte (in s&@a 2e i s<ar 2&AeniLTC
L .E0
A@ neles n&@ai(e2t sit&aiaC (ar @<a@ st'nit i n& @i<a@ (at 'e *a bn&ielileC 2e @i<a&
n2reit *r&ntea4 ,s'&n( (a2til%gra*ei 2a "e2retar&l Aa s%si ia bir2& (e n(at i 2 i A%i 2ere
l@&ririC (e%are2e el a *2&t re'artiia salariil%r4 )re2iDa@ ns 2 @ie @i<a (at exa2t s&@a
'entr& 2are a@< se@natC n2t n& @i<a@ n2Bi'it 2 %'eraia (e ansa@bl& ar ne2esita Are&n
2%ntr%lC
Da2til%gra*a tre2& n bir%&l ei4 D&' 2teAa @c%t% s%si "e2retar&l4 l '%*tes2 la @ine4 )e<&n
t%n ne&tr&4 a'r%a'e bln(C ii ntreb 3 K+e 'ri2e'i la arit@eti2 HL
K! s'&nea@ n2 (e a2&@ (%& l&ni 2 n& @ 'ri2e' Dar (e 2e ntrebaiC (%@n&le
Ministr& HL se ne(&@irete "e2retar&lC
KUiteC 2e e 9 2re( 2 ai *2&t nite er%ri (e 2al2&l la @'rirea 2e2&l&iC 22i att (a2til%gra*aC
2it i %@&l (e serAi2i& snt ne@&l&@ii (e salariile 2e le 'ri@es2LC i s'&n "e2retar&l&i4
KDaLC rs'&n(e "e2retar&lC Kt%2@ai A%ia@ s A A%rbes2 i e& (es're a2east 2Besti&neL4F
KCit 'ri@es2 ei HL ntreb4
Ki 'ri@es2 exa2t salariile 2& 2are a& *%st angajaiL4
KDar salariile n& 2%res'&n( s&@el%rC 'entr& 2are se@neaD n stateL4
S KN&4 Dar n<ani ni2i &n @%tiA (e 'lng2reC 22i e* "<a& angajatC 'rin b&n nelegereC exa2t
'entr& 2it 'ri@es2
.
F
CCA r@as % (i*eren4 Ce s<a *2&t HLF
KCBiar (es're asta A%ia@ s A A%rbes24 Di*erena este a D<A%astrC i A%ia@ t%2@ai Ls A<%
(a& n 'ri@ireL4 -i "e2retar&l i ntin(e @inaC s<i s2%at '%rt@%ne&l (in b&D&nar4
KN& te grbiLC i s'&nC K22i n2 n& snt 2%@'let l@&rit as&'ra sit&aieiLF4
"e2retar&lC re(%bn(in(&<i 2al@&lC (&' CG @ani*estase b *%arte ne'l2&t t&lb&rareC 2e<i
t&rna @l&l 'r%stiei i t&r'it&(inii 'este *aC 2%ntin& 3
K!e(eiC (%@n&le Ministr&C n *%n(C ai2i la LegaiIH D<A%astr sntei s&Aeran4 Angajai
salariai (e4 2ateg%ria a2easta 'rin b&n nelegere4 Di*erena e a D<A%astiA4 !a asig&r 2 Aei
aAea @are neA%ie (e a2east (i*erenaC 22i Aiaa (i'l%@ati2 2ere @ari 2Belt&ieli4 Din 2e
a2%'erii ne2esitile i@'&se (e re'reDentare HL
KDin al%2aia 2e @i se ( n a2est s2%'LC i rs'&n(4
.>1
)rea '&inLC re'li2 'r%@'t "e2retar&l4 "e '%ateC (ar a@ s @ r2strng n 2eT<a 2e @i se '&ne
la (is'%Diie4 N& neleg s =re'reDintT 'e s%2%teala (a2til%gra*ei i a %@&l&i (e serAi2i&LC
're2iDeD e& *r a iei 2t&si (e '&in (in t%n&l egalC 2e @i l<a@ i@'&s4
KO s regretaiC (%@n&le Ministr&4 -i (e alt*el att %@&l (e serAi2i& 2t i (a2til%gra*a a&
a22e'tat ei niiC *r (e ni2i % 2%nstrngereC salariile 2e le ia& la @n4 i ##U '%t ri(i2a ni2i %
'retenie as&'ra (i*ereneiL4
CCAi (re'tate ntr<&n *elLC i rs'&n(C K(ar n 2aD&l a2esta (i*erena treb&ie restit&it
Minister&l&i (e xterneC 2are ne<a '&s la (is'%Diie s&@ele n li@itele 2r%ra '&te@ s
angaj@ ase@enea sl&jbaiL4
"e2retar&l *& l%Ait (e<% 'al%are n *aC (ar se re(%<bn(i iari3
KAr *i % @are greealC D%@n&le Ministr&C i s Ae(ei (e 2e4 Da2 restit&i@ (i*erenaC snte@
a@eninai s *e@ne@ *r 'ers%nal4 Minister&l sesiDatC ar al%2a n state 'entr& sl&jbaii n%tri
n&@ai s&@ele 2e ei le 'ri@es2 a2&@ nente4 Ce s<ar nt@'laC (a2 a2eti sl&jbaiC ne@&l&@ii
(e salariile l%rC ar 'le2a H Cre(ei 2 A%@ gsi aa (e &%r aliiC (is'&i s se angajeDe n
a2eleai 2%n(iii H AneA%ie 7 C&n%s2 e& %bi2ei&rile (e la @inisterC @%(&l (e<a glntii al
Dire2iei 2%ntabilitii4 " 'res&'&ne@ 2 a@ gsi t%t&i ali %a@eni gata a se angajaC (ar
'entr& salarii @ai @ari4 Care ar *i &r@area H n 2%n(iiile 'res&'&seC a@ ii siiii s 2ere@
Minister&l&i &n s'%r (e al%2aii 'entr& a2este '%st&ri4 De la Minister ni s<ar rs'&n(e 2&
'r%@'tit&(ine 2 n& se '%t @%(i*i2a salariile n 2&rs&l ii b&getarC i ar tre2eC 'e &r@C
'r%babilC ani (e DileC 'ii& s %bine@ s'%r&lC iar n rsti@' Legaia ar *i a@eninat s n&<i
gseas2 ni2i %@ (e serAi2i&C ni2i (a2til%gra*L4 Arg&@entele "e2retar&l&i n& era& t%2@ai ale
&rna !iel4 )ri2e'ea@ @ai ales 2 %@&l @e(itase n(el&ng as&'ra &n%r (eli2ate i 're2are stri
(in a(@inistra<
ainisterel%r4 I A@ stat % 2li' n 2&@'n4
C4ri (re'tate ntr&2tAaLC i s'&n "e2retar&l&iC Kn& e 'r&(ent s restit&i@ Minister&l&i
(i*erena4 Dar n 2aD&l a2esta n& A( (e2t % sing&r s%l&ie 3 A%@ 'lti n ntregi@e sl&jbail%r
s&@eleC 'entr& 2are se@neaDL4
X'U1#%S& *5 C0"#$&U* -6"l6S$9'#&/t& CLU+-"&/ (C&
44O s regretaiC D%@n&le )inistru3 Aiaa (i'l%@aii3L e *%arte 2%stisit%areLC @ai n2ear2
"e2retar&l s RS abat (e la B%trrea ea5
CCUiteC a@i2eLC ii Di2C C4(&@neata AeDi l&2r&rile ntr-un /el3 e& le A( '&in @ai alt/el5 "u nD
intereseaD 2&@ I i reD%lAat a2east 2Besti&ne 2t ti@' ai *%st nsr2inat 2& a*a2eriC (ar iat 9
e& neleg 2a (in @%@ent&l n 2are @i<arI4 l&at n 'ri@ire '%st&l @e& (e ai2iC sl&jbaii n
(is2&t<4 Bi4i 'ri@eas2 salariile 'entr& 2are se@neaD n stateL4 -i (&' o 2li' (e t2ereC l
ntreb 'e (%@n&l "e2retar K@i (ai A%ie s aranjeD sit&aia 2& *iC 'entr& ti@'&l 2il ai *%st
nsr2inat 2& a*a2eri HL
KC&@ HL se ri(i2 "e2retar&lC s'eriat4
KC&@ H 5%arte si@'l&4 n sens&l 'rerii D<tale 2 e*&l Legaiei este =s&AeranT la LegaieC D<<
ta ai /ost =s&A i ai reD%lAat l&2r&rile 2&@ ai exeD&t4 & sint =s&AeranT reD%lA l&2r&rile 2&@
2re(L4
K"nt (e a2%r(LCC se grbete s rs'&n( "e2retar&lC ntr&2tAa &&ratC K(ar Aei Ae(ea 2&
ti@'&l 2 e& arn reD%lAat l&2r&rile @ai bineL4
A@ ntins @na "e2retar&l&iC 2a s treac @ai i4c 'este &@ilirea 2e treb&i s<% n(&re n *ata
!ro!riului S 2&getC i<l r&gai 2& &n D@bet s @ lase sing&r 2& 2e (%i sl&jbai 9 rDArtii4
D&' Are% 2teAa 2li'e Secretarul 'le2C .
I
3 2%<
res'%n(ena 'ers%nalC 2e<i s%sise n a2ea (&' a@iaH i 'e 2are % strngea 2& A%l&'tate n
@in4 De alt*el (=F la &n ti@' el n& @ai Aenea la bir%&C (F i idieB
@rlta i *%arte Aariata cores!onda [ *iF@ei<Aa@'e sa& 2& i >ti M
globul5 L<a@ (is'ensat 2er2< de i S3
2e ana re@ar2at 2 a!roa!e cu orice i 3 22<% nei A%&C el iDb&tea (%ai
3i a'tit&(ini (e2t pentru Ziaia onc 4 ia inteligena i destoinicia &n&i o n& era& n i
&n *el '&se la Are% ncerci
D&' 'le2area Secretarului3 2Be@ai n bir%& 'e dactilogra/a i 'e oul (e serAi2i&4 O r&gai
'e (a2til%gra*C 2& 2are @ nelegea@ ntr<% li@b @ixt /rarico-lu?l s n2 'e inter'reta
ntre @ine i %@&l (e serAi2i&C i4 n& A%rbea (e2t li@ba rii sale4 Yactilogra/a tra(&2ea Cin
*ran&Dete 2ele 2e aAea@ (e s'&s %@&l&i (e serviciu3 i uni tl@2e4FiC inAersC rs'&ns&rile l&i
#%a%4
.>:
j% (%@ni%ara4 (a2tiF%gn
.
*> @i s'&ne 2 %ti n2<(e lea*a 2e<% !rie4ti la legaie4 <
a(eArat HL C
a
% ( n&@ai s*i%s (in &@eri4 )e &r@ i a(&n
5-raiul5
FL 4!e(eiC (%@n&le Ministr&C a@ *a@ilie i @i<e 2&
S'&tin s ies la 2ale 2& /11 es2&(%s4 A@ *%stF neA%ii ai ia& % sl&jb4 n %rele libere alergC
@'art '%taC 2a s @ai 2tig :114 Dar *%arte gre& '%i *a2e *a la ^:'& sl&jbFe4 @i @nn2
sntatea4 L&n( sea@a 2Mn state 4<4rrnneD 'entr& % s&@ @ai @areC @ gn(ii s atrag aten-
ia x2elenei !%astre446F
K#%a^J s<@i s'&i 2& 2e salar ai *%st angajat din 'artea (%@n&l&i "e2retar HL l ntreb4 L KC&
/11<F4
KAt&n2i (e 2e e4ti neuluit H Cele trei s&te 7S 'ri@it reg&lat HL
KDaLC rs'&n(e #%a%C Kle<a@ F'ri@it reg&latL4 C& *l2t&l n(%itC %@&l A%ia 'ar2 s bat n
retragere 3 M"-a5/ '&tea s'&ne 2 snt ne@&l&@itLC 2%ntin& #%a%C K(ar arn *a@ilieC s%ieC trei
2%'ilai4 A@ *%st silit s @ai 2a&t % s&jb4 2eea 2e @ @'ie(i2 (e a sta Di&a ntreag /I4
'%Diia Legaiei4 9 -i aa 9 2&getai s A r%g444L
KUiteC #%a%4 snt *%arte s&r'rins (e 2ele 2e<@i s (es're I (%&a sl&jb4 N& <tia@ l&2r&l a2esta4
A*l 2 @ai '&i2a t%lera % ase@enea sit&aie4 Un salariat al LJ
l
<J n& '%ate sl&ji i n alt
'arte4 Dar s 'riAi@ h9-2r&ric< ai (e a'r%a'e4 n 2ele (in &r@ /11 es2&F(%s n& snt % s&@
(e (is're&it ai2i n ara (<A%astr4 -i nc 2eAa 3 (&@neata re2&n%ti 2 le<ai angajat *a (e
(%@n&l "e2retar 2& /11C iC t%t&iC ar&n2i % %2Bire la cei e s2ris n state 7 A2easta 9 n& e 'rea
*r&@%s4 D%@ni<2retar @i s'&ne 2 e*&l Legaiei este s&Aeran i i jeaD salariaii 'rin b&n
?nelegereC (e la %@ la %@4 D&@neata te<ai nA%itH +e<ai nA%it4 At&n2i (e 2e e4ti ne@&l&@it
HL
KM<a@ nA%itLC rs'&nse #%a%C Ki snt gata s Aes2 i 'e @ai (e'arte4 D<A%astr sntei ns
suveran (re'tate (%@n&l "e2retar4 +%2@ai (e a2eea n(rDnii s A A%rbes2 (es're gre&tile
@ele *inan2iare4 "'era@ 2 aAei b&ntatea444<
S MYa3 #%a%C nelegC i iatC Area& s<i n(re't sil
.
F *ei %jZ condiii5 Ce<ai s'&ne s<i
(a& >11 '%
,I;
dar s ren&ni la a (%&a sl&jea H ta sa in . J (is'%Diia n%astr444L
'er@an24
;11 H Ai greitC (%@n&le Ministr&4 "2&DaiC XC)< S
(ar
ntr<a(eAr ai greit4 5&sese A%rba
(es're 811L O&@)i #%a%C iari s re2ti*i2e4 B $ @jt%t n2&r2i 2& s%2%telile
KY11 HL @ ntrer&'e #%a%C (es're >11 7LF
$ # De2C
n%lile la j&@tate4 !a 'Aea s 2Oe
)
e Aiit%r 2& % s #<<#PQ 6= p O
<&ra sl&jbaC 2it 2itiga !n aci 2& (%&a4 j*@aniere snt astea H Cn( s'&n %
A%rbC e A%rb s'&sC
KAt&n2i n2<a@ nelesC #%a%C (e<a2&@ Aei 'ri@i
n
e
lesC #%a% H " n& @ @ai ntrer&'i 7
La nti a *ie<
es2&(%s 'e l&n4 Dar s ren&ni la sl&jba (e '%taF4 3'#
l&ni
'ri@etiC (&' 2&@ i<a@
re'etat<%M(e atNtea
@ai nainte A%rbe
(r
-
lt
011 es2&(%s 7 Da2 eti @&l&@itC bineC (a2 n& 9
'%i 'le2a 7L
KA@ greitC #%a%C 2re( 2 n 2Bi'&l a2esta eti 'e
UJ
011 es2&(%s 7 nneb&nes2C (%@n&le
Ministr& 7L -i 2&M
'lin @&l&@it4 C& % sing&r sl&jb 2tigi @ai @< (e
aC
este 2&AinteC i'ate 2& &n gea@t (e
j&nglC #%a% se 2& 2ele (%& (e 'n a2&@L4 re'eDi 'e & a*ar4
"&@aC 2e<l nneb&nea 'e #%a%C n&
KC& Y11C (%@n&le Ministr&C snt *%arte @&l&@it4 !T gjO42le2t exa2t s&@a 'entr& 2are el
se@na statele (e 'lat4 uluesc (in t%at ini@aC i n n&@ele 2el%r trei 2%'i4 . A@ r@as
2& (a2til%gra*a4 Mria L&iDa a@&iC a&Din( la4i"3 #%a% se l&@ineaD4
gea@t&l (e b&2&rie al 2%n2etean&l&i 2i4
FG KC%n2l&Diile s2enei 9 snt Aalabile i 'entr& D<taLZ
i s'&nC KAei 'ri@i s&@a 'entr& 2are se@neDi n stateL4
G -i 2& a2easta a@ n2Beiat s'e2ta2%l&l i@'r%AiDat (&'
t iiii l D l t i *
K#%a%C @ b&2&r 2 a@ 2D&t la nA%ial4 "<i !)d ( b l i
n&@ai 2%ntiin2i%s (e sl&jb4 D%@n&l "e2retar @i<a s'F 2N<i *a2i serAi2i&l 2& srg&inC s'er s
@ serAeti i I P
@ine la *el4 5<%C #%a%4 -ti& s a're2ieD %ri2e @&n2 cl+- '%*ta ini@ii @ele4 De le a2east
s2enC grat&itC n *el&l stit4 !rea& s te si@i bine i @&l&@ii n sl&jba Le'CJ eiC n2e'&
(&@nia 2e aAea s @i<% '%arte (%@n&l "%iei n%nstre4 " n& (&2i li's4 La nti ale l&nii
'ri@2' 2retar4 Ar *i '&t&t %@&l s ngBit &@ilirea n *aa 'r%<a4'(arC n%&a (<tale lea* 9 2t
a@ s'&s H 9 811 es2&(%s 7 'ri&l&i s& 2&getH AneA%ie7 Nen&@ratele n2&r2t&riC
KYbOC (%@n&le Ministr& 7L 2e @i le *2& @ai 'e &r@ la legaieC 2&
A%ie sa& (in in<
C&@ H Ct a@ snus HL 2%@'etenC ar &@'le % ntreag 2r%ni24
M Ae(ea@
P&i graii a2&@ 'e &r@C ai s'&s 8G1 n l%24(e Y11
7
la
*iLL
Je
)
as
a(&s
s
(es2&r2 2eea 2e el
2&ta 2a %bstinaie ta n2&r2e4 A@ *%st neA%it s<i s&'%rt tneniaC 'r%<
ine #%a% s re2ti*i2e4
KC&@ Y11 H A@ greit la 2al2&l4 #%a% 7 811 Aei 'ri (e<a2i nainte4 811 7 Ai neles H
Ni2i % 2enti@ '&inL4
#%a% n2e'ea s se si@t 2a ri(i2at n alte s*ere4
KC& 811 snt %@C i n& @ai a@ ni2i % griI 7 An
.
n&n2ese 2t trei4 "l&g 2re(in2i%as a@ s !
*i&C <Ijn 7 C&@ rI '&tea s ! @&l&@es2 HL
4CAi @&n2it #%a%C i 'n a2iC 2t ai '&t&t4 "nt nA @it (e *el&l 2&@ nelegi s<i *a2i serAi2i&l4
D%rina 2Aa s te s2a' (e a (%&a sl&jbC 2are n& este 2%@'ai 2& sit&aia D<tale (e salariat al
&nei legaii4 ,@n2 n%&a nA%ial4 Dar 'este % l&n s n&<@i Aii iar 'i ngeri 7 2%n%@C 2&@
te ti&C n(j(&ies2 s te aj 2& 111 es2&(%s 'e l&nC 2t Aei 'ri@i (2<a2i<nainteC7L
.>E
tiaC ngN@*area i ne'ri2e'erea4 N& @ '&tea@ gn(i s @ 2er nl%2&irea &n&i *&n2i%narC
2are era r&( a'r%'iat 2& C Iiinisii&i (e xterneC i 2are aAea legt&ri 'i ieteneti 'e la )alat4
N&@ai nli2i (a2til%gra*eC a2eleiaC 2&re s<a cu-sNt%rit Li Dilele 2n( s%sea@ in L&DitaniaC
"%2ietar&l i rein&se (in lea*C ti@' (e 'atr& aniC % @i2 Destre4 N& aAea@ s *a2 2aDC ni2i
at&n2iC ni2i @ai trDi&4 (e t&r'it&(inile &n&i ase@enea 2aAaler4 M<a@ @&l&@it 2& s'e2<
ta2%c%4 @ai @< (e &@%r (e2t j&(e2t%res2C 2e<l regiDa@ )e * a inti@ (intre 2ei 'atr& 'erei
ai bir%&l&i @e& (e M
a
/ *ieC s'e2ta2%l 'rin 2are %*erea@ r2'aiaii %@&l&i
2
FF i2i&C i n%ii
(a2til%gra*e4 de2e ani @ai trDi&C "e<^<& g<(i'l%@atC nt%rs n ar n2 (in ti@'&l rDb%<
.>>
/
iiC
c (% %(i ntr& 2ile F
Fi ie<F
.
i sa Ci&
KAA5
M. gr4
ea '%liist @<i*%r@a se a22ent&a (e la % ,+ ii alta4 n n%ile 2%n(iii %bteti eta@4 alt&ri (e iA
S @Nrai ali intele2t&aliC jignii la *ie2e 'as n 2%nti3 3 n%astr (e %a@eni liberiC n t%t&l la
discreia &n%r @ <tri 2& n*iare %@eneas2C 2e n& 2&n%tea& (in l t&l a2est&i '%'%rC
(e2t as'e2te s&@areC *alsi*i2ate j astea n 'ers'e2tiAa interesel%r (e 'arti( i a A%inei J
(%@inaie a &nci 2li2i strine, 2e se s&'ra'&nea Aie stat4
Unele (intre 2ele @ai 'eri2&l%ase Kin*%r@aiiLC 2 a& n (%sar&l @e&C Aenea& (e la %a@eniC
(ib&ii4 e 2&@C 'rintre se@eni 2areC (in *el&rite @%tiAeC s<<Aj *%r@at n a(Aersari ai
intel%r i 2rril%r n itia era& '&i s<i alearn Aenin&l 'e Mrtie (es2%'ere 2el%r interesai
K*a'teLC %ri2t (e i@agj (estinate a *%r@a 2n(Aa &n te@ei (e a2&<D4 A*laiC r^ 2 C\I @ai
teribil in*%r@at%rC 2e @i s<a '&s (e<a 2&rI <C era *%st&l se2retar (e legaieC 2are n& reDista i
li % 2%n*r&ntare 2& 'r%'ri&l s& 2&getC ne2&@ la % Fare 2& 'raAilaC 2e 'laneaD (eas&'ra
n%astr r4 K!iel&lL *&sese inAitat s (ea re*erine 2& ' la a2tiAitatea @ea K(i'l%@ati2LC (in
Are@ea 2n( e . 47 'leni'%teniar n L&Ditania4 A2tiAitatea @eI 3 era re?uatB n
ansa@bl&l 2iC n &r@t%33 4 Creang a 'regtit siste@ati2 teren&l n ved> i re*&gieri a
regel&i Car%l n L&DitaniaC i a 2%iitr
Lsa a2est&ia (in "'aniaC C &n(eC 're2&@ se4 HSSS<SCI Le *&sese rein&t i n2Bis ntr<% 2etate
ti@' (e a l&ni4 Iat 2&@ bineA%it%r&l in*%r@at%rC 2@ Srat Are% 2in2is'reDe2e ani (e t%ate
!rivilegiile 2 nati2e n&@ai (at%rit legt&ril%r 'rieteneti 2 Unea la 'alatC 'reDenta &n
nense@nat i *%ari *ensiA (etali& al a2tiAitii @ele (i'l%@ati2e (e 'e @&ri4 n 2e @s&r
'&tea@ *i bn&it (e 2%@'li2ii eAa(area regel&i i la 'regtirea Kexil&l&iL s&C i s&*i2ient (e
2lar din 2ele '%Aestite n a2east 2arte4 # (%rina regel&i a@ interAenit 'e Are@&ri 2a @e(i2&l
I&FF
,I.
4l
'
L i i =i 'j _ t
+
R
.
r 4<l L I?F t L
$
E 4
.M.
<M
S r
r3
L/
C
doO5 i rn22Bi
e ntr<L <4 i2g= C FFOl CU
<
% (4 ,N
r
u s ei a2 i rin "' S (ar (e &n(FF era s *i 're
I
eu as2@%n2
a
t Aeni@
2i
4eC 2a
2itita
ti@' naint
eT
ns a2tiAitatea @ea (i'72@ati2Mn ntre<rnati2L (in 'artea ea a unor itat ni2i @2ar n
/a43 'e Are@ea 2nri inia4 %ra /9eut 3Brs!un?tor" i
}
' -ai"ol O s evade?e (in
"I
S^i"
A<<
x
r
n
r
F r iF
4 2i
*n
CU+
i
2
i
i (e Z
A
.
na C
4<]r<
l
in
ii al tii5
nAin&iF
ni2i n&
'i
ea
'&tea@
di!loi
&i " 'e !
+ 'erT 2& % '%r *i
t4 n&
FU UlF2
L'ul iL3
' @
4 !lU
'
de b& !a3 2in( inc
& o
C& a2&itate &l&i !i
-i r /e!te3
!iF i
+
3 '%t IU
S
i iia s<%
"2ena 2& +oao3 a [ i%C a'r%a'e 2 a (is'r&t din 2&n%s2&tC 'e @@C ( &i @e&C @i<% (etT Z
7 tuturor $'S1 laliil%r4 &ceasta era Sr4lr& inii (e (eD@ i (e des*
i rete?ase !utina (e a-4i @ai je2r / l%2 'e linia &nei aa i a unei %iFn(&iri s%2ialisteC 2are
!ri ure %rie3F ex'l%atare a %@&l&I
ngr%are a (%sarel%rC ga& n(i *ile la al
hiO& Cv $ l&2r&riC eA
%n ce n&<% r%
l%biiLM
&3
Oe 22rAli@
' R
R
tea@C a i 2& @ina s'r<
n(eni 'e &r@ele @%le4
&a
aa
@an
al
'%'%r&l&i 7
ngre&in(&<@i nes'&s sit&aia i aa (est&l (e 're2t7 ntr<&na (in sileC '%sltil (e ra(i% (e la
L%n(ra an&A 2 "i@i%n Bar(aC 2%nsilier la legaia n%aatr (in AngliaC i<a (at (e@isia (in
sl&jba saC 2etin( aDil '%liti2 (in 'aiZ tea g&Aern&l&i britani24 O r&rn%ar2 tre2& 'rin %ra&l n
tr& 3 De 7 "i@i%n Bar(C *%st&l asistent al 'r%*es%r&l&i
'e
la
s
*IC<il&l an&l&i .0E1 i *2ea l%2
'rintre st&(eniC Axente Creang7 i ( e@&l (e@isiaC ne@aineleOS343
%n&
i 2 'n la
re(es2Bi(erea n%&l&i anC rsti@' n s serAeas2 &n regi@C 'e 2are<l s%2%tete '%triAni2 ini 3'
e
se
Aa
2%a2e re*%r@a nA@Nnt&l&i s&'eri%rC AaCsa lesel%r '%'%r&l&i r%@Nn 7 -i % alt r&@%are
@ai U <
&
2
'
U
ra*FC 'entr& Aina (e a i &n KAr*L al inte+e2t&al<'rin &rbe 3 n& 2&@Aa Axente
Creang i<a (at s&34C OOFKrea2i%nareLC 'entr& Aina 44(e a *i *%st &n ex'%nentL s 'r%2e(eDe n
a2est 2Bi' H A *%st s&*i2ient 2a % al
a
i regalitii i al b&rgBeDieiC i 'entr& @<e alte AiniC
2re (%sar4 A *i *%st &n ex'%nent 2alitate negrit (e '2t%asC n 'rin '%Aara ei s te (ea la
*&n(C %ri2&@ te<ai ii @ treDii 2& % 'er2BeDiie la (%@i2ili&4 Mi s<a& 2er2etat 2& &n n&s2risele
2at str@%es2 n& '&teai Jate 'rintr<&n *%l (e n%&
Kb%teIFLC (at%rit 2r&ia (eAenea7 @(&lar al n%ii bis2<
&nele nt%rst&ri ret%ri2eC (e a (eDaA&a i (e a 2%n(a@na SO"t&(eni@eaC (er&tatC (iAiDat n
gr&'&leeC ti@%<regi@&lC 2e s<a instalat n tara n%astr4 "&s'i2i&nea aAea /H[ n& aAea s
rea2i%neDe n ni2i &n 2Bi' *a (e e'&<t%t&i sa 'laneDe @ai (e'arte as&'ra @ea4
rareaj
rG
@
i
se
'regtea4 !irt&alele 'r%teste a@&ea&C 'n
In(iAiDiiC 2e<@i *2ea& 'er2BeDiiaC a& (es2%'erit '2<i^ni (#'n&l l&ng i 'lin (e %bsta2%leC 2e
(&2e (e la ini@ 'n 'erete al 2a@erei @ele (e l&2r&C 2are (eAeniseC n H n 2er&l s&rii4 ti@'
(e (%i aniC i s&*ragerie i (%r@it%rC '%rtret&lC 2e @i l<a *2&t Alina "tere4 Mi s<a l&at
'%rtret&l 3 KA<Ba 7 lat (%Aa(a legt&ril%r DRtale 2& e@igranii r%@NniC 2a tr(t%rii (e
'atrie 7L A*la@ at&n2i 2 Alina "tere ren&nase n& (e @< la 'aa'%rt&l r%@Nnes2C (eAenin(
2e<ean *ran2eD4 C& %2aDia a2eleiai 'er2BeDiii a@ *%st inter%gat i as&'ra lDil%r K(%l(%ra
(e a&rLC 2e le<a ine as2&nse 3 KUn(e<i a&r&lC 'e 2are treb&ia s<l 're(ai Bn2ii (e "tat 2&
%2aDia re*%r@ei @%netare H
JU
A@ ar<
I*22&t&l @e&4 2& *a'te (e Di i 2& #nt@'H i*@ini i &@br% 2e @<a& aj&tat s& ga a2&@
@'%triAa @eaC rstl@2it 2Z i4ers (e atia (in *iii %@&l&iC 2are 'ar [ei4 +re2&t&l se rst&rna
'este @ine4 i
& i e&
C &n(eA n2%l[ @e&
lat 2el%r 2e<@i s2%bea& 'ereii i<@i ri(i2a& 'ar2Bet&lC lDile 2& *aian l&Ditan 3 KAstea s&nt
lDileC (es're 2are la Ca'ilna s<a rs'n(it bas@&l 2& a&r&l (in M&nii A'&seni 4 Des*2n(
lDileC a@ (es2%'erit 2 *aiana era n 2ea @ai @are 'arte s'art4 Ceea 2e @<a @BnitF'r%*&n(C
l<
*a2@(&<@ s @ gn(es2C ntr<% 2li'C la t%ate 2lt%riileC I la t%ate 'eisajeleC 'rin 2ari a@
'&rtat 2& n%i a2este lDiC I i4I<a@ ales 2& 2i%b&ri i 2& n'asta bas@el%r4 DeDAin%
X>;
n in(eDirabil n a2est %raM ! ntr<% @i2 &rbe (e 'r%Ai i 'rin tenebrele (eD%lrii4 . e<a2est
'@nt @ Aa @ai n Ana ,areC sal&t&l (in a r4
(e n% T
i@agij
t&i se@e<
2&rn( e%i
Ji *i tri@isC
U sing&r
F%aie 2 n
i. !e
i @n& la altaC (e la % Di la i a %b
N %ra s2&t&rat (e eAeni@ente 'reAD&t%<ne'*eAi B Ms&ri (&' @s&ri se l&a&C ntr<%
at@%s*er 2 i tensi&neC (estinate t%ate s t%'eas2 b&rgBeDi a (e b&rgBeDie 'e 2are
,%@Nnii (in +ransilAan
.>0
IDb3 2itI bine (e rN&C s i<% n +< <l
(e (%& (e2enii (e Aia liberC (intre 2ele (%& rDbeai<4 +%a@na an&l&i .0E8 ni se an&na 2a
&n 'rel&(i& al t&
U
'eri%a(e seis@i2e4 C&tre@&rele s%2iale 2& @asiAe (e'lasri (e teren&riC
era& n'astele 2e ne ar(ea& s&*let&l -,+ Dilele4 Cele 2atastr%*ale se s&22e(a& n rit@ (i2tat (e
n<'rej&rri4 A&r&lC e2BiAalent&l 2%ntiinei b&rgBeDeC K2%@%rileLC n (e*initiA *%arte
(eriD%rii n 2%@'araie ^ & 2a'ital&rile ngr@(ite ti@' (e s&te (e ani n 'al@e 3M largi 2a
%2eanele ale 42a'italitil%r (in %22i(entC s<a& r 2inat 2& % re'eDi2i&ne (e s2&rt 2ir2&it n ara
n%astr4 E *%st s&*i2ient % in*laie (e 'r%'%rii astr%n%@i2eC 'r%A%2at att (e neA%ieC 2it i
inteni%natC i a'%i % CCstabi7i<DareL a ban&l&i n 2%n(iii (e gangsteris@ (e statC 'entI & 2a
b&n&rile b&rgBeDiei i ag%niseala ranil%r s se '&lA%<l 'este n%a'te4 N& @ai era ns 'entr&
ni@eni n se2ret 2 stat&l r%@Nnes2 2are i (e'%se(a n 2Bi' i a2esta 2etenii (e t%t
2a'ital&l (is'%nibil (eAenea n&@-,.T *%r@al n%&l 'r%'rietar al aA&t&l&i 2e se ex'ri@a n @%<
ne( galben 2& Di@i4 "t'n&l a(eArat <era nti <% *%r@ sa& alta @area Ae2in (e la
rsrit4 Ban2a Nat3 T<nal a ,%@Nniei se trans*%r@a n si@'l& 2anal 'rin ele@ent&l n%bilC
sngele s%li(i*i2atC al e2%n%@iei n%a se s2&rgea s're "%are<rsare4 Ca % 2%nse2in 'siB%l%g i
a @%(&l&i 2&@ ni se g%lea& b&D&narele i *iri(ele (e 46 = 2%seiLC ne 'tr&n(ea senti@ent&l 2
t%t&l se Aa s2&A4I: ntr<a2%l% i 2 ntr<% Di ni se A%r *&ra i iDA%are7 '(&ri i l&na (e 'e
2er&l rii4
n n%&a sit&aie e2%n%@i2C 2reat arti*i2ialC i BA a'arent n%r@aliDatC (e (&' stabiliDareC
salariaii ai i '&t&t s trias2 @ai 2%nAenabil 2& n%ile le*&ri4 Ar t '&t&tC (esig&rC (a2
satele ar *i 2%ntin&at s<i a(& iC 're2&@ @ai nainte n (esagi i n %aleC @r*&rile Va %r4 Dar
ranii % (at nelai a& (eAenit bn&it%ri4 i r4 *%st b&2&r%i s se AaD s'%liai 'rin
stabiliDare ni2i 2
.
(e Brlia (egra(at @ere& 'rin in*laie4 -i asl*el ei i<a& 'ier(&t n2re(erea i
n n%&a BrtieC 2e ieea (e alt*el 2 ti<% ti'arni 2e n& @ai aAea ni2i % legt&r CU L2riteriile
g&st&l&i n%str&4 N%&a Brtie ne Dgria %2Bii 2& arabes2&rile i 2& 2Benarele i@'r%AiDate
nAe(erat (e %< @in strin )re&rile n2e'ea& s 2reas2 (in n%& 'rintr<&n *el (e 3 inerieC 2e
2%@an( *en%@enele @e2ani2e4 NO<aAea s tre al % l&n4 (%&4 'entr& 2a neaj&ns&rile (in
'eri%a(a ini
.Y1
se h e iarC 2& t%ai^ sJ&bt % *%r@ @ai ( "aUaO& era& n2 % C]a neA%ii s<i
2r'e&^<einele 2& 2eea 2e @ai '&tea& 2tiga (in AnDNri 'e la 2& Ae2Bit&ri4 Desig&rC %a@enii
n& @ai aAea& a2&@ JeiL (is'%nibili s're a<i trans*%r@a la neA%ie n Pn2n%te ni ii4
C%2%<jeii 2are n& s<a& nt%rs n teDa&r A stat&l&iC a& l&at (i &@&l as2&nDi&ril%r (e s&bt
'@atC &n(e ate'ta& 2a @%rii nAierea (e a'%i4 "l&jbaii 2& I ri *&Ze treb&ia& s<i
An( a2&@ 'ernele (in 2are ? '&*&lC 'anie r%aseC 2%A%arele (estr@are4 (=lIi<C 2&
At2Bi i%2jii ds a'eC Aesela 2i%bitC argintria
t (e ti@'C 2ile<&n l%t (e 2as 2%tr%'it (e 2i&liniC 7a2e 5a n%&3 &i t%t @ai nAe(erat Aal (e
s2&@'eleC %n2r<bF@2n%tC 2^&% a '%rnit la (i&rn 2& % a'ie<
'&li
S (e a2BiDii%nareC *%arte te%reti2 (e iie n&@ai atta ti@' 2it n& se
i( raniiC 2%nstrni (e @'reI
la 'iaa DarDaAat&rile (e t% Nn&n2Bi (% 2ea' (egerat '&tea s& (i4
sea
A &n%i
.
i 're*a2eri4 "e 'r
Uln4lt 4&itri i 'e 'i n4
2tit 2& 'arti(&l r
sU '4 iti2el%r (e al
*n5 Fie 2%lab%ra& la ale
71 i22'ea& i ele s<i
u U ! este '&in a2eti
# n2< este b%r(4 B&*nin4
SJ br
.
2&rn( (e2t sM
+iis 'este l&^i
V (entC el (esiO
'F 3i (e *atia(C bA
Ment 'i%27
Mn i<a *a2i
l&i n%str&
n &n asi4FO
nC 7 < i
B i re4i nLL2i
4bt
.
n r t'CiO
L
a 2L C 4<<a
Ini3i @2 F'at r <r%a'e O.
ir4ii ea re FZ< Ai a ea ar
t
4=Ke 4
Ja eAen 4 < O'iraiaC sir
BbH2=Hsar 2reaiei n& @i<% @ai '&tea@ realiDa l&ntri2 n *2i2i &n 2Bi'C De Ia % Di la altaC
ne'&tina ele a @N 2%neen<B t is&'ra &n&i gin( era a2%'erit (e<% Aigileji s'eriatC in a*ar4
+reb&ia t%t&i t< ia2 2eAa s're a n& @ ne&ras<beniDa 2& t%t&l4 Ce A%i n2e'e H
C&rs&rile la &niAersitateC s&s'en(ate (% 2ile Aa %ri '^J s'tttinC le2iile an&late 2lin 'artea
(e2anatel%r i a re2t%rat&l&iC 'entr& a *a2e '%sibil eiteR% *%arte CCi@'%r<' %<." ntr&nire
st&(eneas2C n& '&tea& s<@i &@'le Fj
i 'tjin existena4 "a& n& n @s&ra (% a<@i 'r%2i 5a Are% satis*a2ie4 A2tiAitatea (i(a2ti2 @i
era s&b@inat i (e 2&get&l t%t @ai 2lar 2 t%t 2e s'&n la 2&rs se 2%@&ni2 2enD%r&l&i @arxist
a &niAersitii4 )resi@2a@ (e alt@intrelea 2 nsi a2east a2tiAitate era 'n(it (e &n
ter@snC Ca la n2e'&t&l n%&l&i an &niAersitar n<a@ *%st al (in nA@nt se (al2ra &nei
n%r%2%ase int@<n& se Aa @ai re'eta4 ntr<&n 2%nsili& la Minister&l InA@nt&&i ns&i
@inistr&lC *e*e<se la @ineC ar *i s'&s 3 (e%2a@(at @ai aAe@ neA%ie 3 44De%2a@(at 7L
444 &a 2& (i@inea @ treDea@ 2& a2erai ntre<re b&Dele se a*la& s<% r%steas2 3 2e A%i
n2e'e F4F n&T <s*era s&*leteas2 (e 'l&@b era il&strat (e neg&ra grea 2e se rs'n(eN (in
!alea "%@e&l&i 'U <c %raC 'e j stADiC 'rin gr(ini4 n a2east at@%s*er a@ n2e'&t s e
si@t (intr<1 (at 2 tries2 'rea iD%lat (e t%i se@enii @ei4 Ce<ar *i s reia& 2%nta2t&l 2& ei H
C&@ H DrH4 2e<ar *i s >re %' s *a2 AiDite H "a& s @ 'li@b 'e 2@' 2& Are&n 'rieten @ai
Ae2Bi H AAea@ %are 'rieteni n a2est %ra H DaC aAeateC (ar i<ara 2a@ &itat4
" 'rin( a *re2Aenta 2asele &n%r intele2t&aliF (in bras 7 +!nlr& a @ai a*la 'e a2east 2ale 2te
2eAa (in 2ee US
I4S7C a 4Aa (e gn( s ne @ai a(&2 7 )2ntiti a (is2 '62 Dilei 7 Mi<a &@'le 2el '&in
ti@'&l 2& 2eZ
Da2 a n2e'e s "rigereD i (e grijile alt%ra n& n&@ai ( ale @eleO '%ate 2 sit&aia ar (^
!eni @ai &%r (e s&'%rtat 7 S Dar Aiaa (e s%2ietate a *%st 'entr& @ine (int%t(e2i
te2t&l 2el @ai @ 'l2&t al eMsteneWJ '@ntene4 A& *%st . ani n Aiaa @eaC en(C sa'l@ni
i l&ni (e<a ri (&lC n& @ I '&tea@ B%tr s *a2 Are% AiDit 2&iAa4 N&@ai n 2arit
l%@ati2C 2are a2&@ @l se ' in (
t%aN *iina @eaC a@ *(st %bligat 'i i << % in(e'li< #
.G:
el tenii in&t
bare At@i
e
C s ia& as&'ra @ea a2east negrit '%Aar a 8+ lui'-, a AiDitel%r 2e @i lsa& t%t(ea&na &n
g&st (e a n& An @ir4 Dar i at&n2iC n restritea sa& n s&rgBi&n&l l (i'l%@aieiC a@ 2&tat
s re(&2 t%t&l la &n @ini@ sti i O
SCar4 @i *2ea@ %are2&@ (at%ria (e (i'l%@atC 2a ni@e<
n
Ma (intre a22<iaC 2are AegBea& as&'ra
ini l%r rii sj r4&<rni '%at a(&2e re'r%&l 2 n& a ine 2%nta2t 2& 2ei e&<riFe n 2are treb&ia s<
@i (es*%r % Are@elni2 @isi&ne N<a@ gsit ns ni2i%(at ni2i &n gr&ntg (e a*initate ntr^
*irea @ea i a2ea 2arier 'e 2are a@ @briat<% 'rintr<&j 2a'ri2i& al s%rii4 !iaa (i'l%@ati2
(e 'e Are@&riC 2& neaj&ns&rile eiC @i<a '&s n 2Bi'&l 2el @ai a2&t 'r%ble@G (e*i2ienel%r
s%2iabilitii @ele4 n l%2 (e a @ %bin&iC 2
ieaC 're2&@ (%rea@ ntr<a(eArC s& res'ir @si (egaja n a2el Aa2&&@ intele2t&alC rea2i%na@
*a (e exigeneL
(enitii 2& t%t @ai @< s*ialC 2& t%t @ai 'ei
4ri4 Nes%2iabilitatea @eaC (in ns2areC n& '&tea s *ii Ain(e2at ni2i 2& (%De @i2iC ni2i 2& (%De
@ari (e Aia @%ni (en4 Nes%2iabilitatea @ea era '&r i si@'l& % b%&lI lea24 n le2 (e a se
aten&a 2& ti@'&lC ea l&a *%r@e (e (ie alergi24 N& @ ar(e (e gl&@e 2t& (e '&inC (in(&<@a
astDi la reDistena 'siBi2 2e<% %'&nea@ 2elei @ai neAin%Aate inAitaii la &n 2eai sa& la &n (
Un a@n&nt (eDagreabil il&streaD starea @ea (e<at&n2i "&*erea@ n anii a2eia (e<% &rti2arieC
2e iDb&2nea 2& inten @itene4 N& 'rea nelegea@ 2a&Da '&se&ril%r (e &rti2aria N'aj&ne&l i
atrib&ia@ 'aBar&l&i (e Aia Ba& *r&2l4n%j ex%ti2eC sa& @ai ales *ragil%r 2<iAateC 2^* ni se
%erea& li 2eai&rile sa& la (ej&n&rileM (i'l%@ati2e4 Aa a@ 2reD&lC &i ti@'4 Dar s%2%teala F@i
era (eD@init (e @'rej&rarea 2^ '&se&rile Aenea& &ae%ri i 2n( @ abinea@ rig&r%a ( la
Ain sa& *ragi4 AstDiC atlta ti@' '%st *est&@C In(ii s 2re( 2 ata2&l (e alergie se n*iina n
'ri@&l rn( (ij 2a&De 'siBi2e4 N& s&'%rta@ Ks&*leteteL 2eai&rile (i'l%@ati2e 7 Oe aAea& l%2
ntr<% a@bian (e<% jalni2 @es2BinF rieC i se re(&2ea& la ntniri 2& a2eiai %a@eni 'rea
2&n%s 2&i i *%arte g%i 'e (in&ntr&4 M%rga a2est%r %a@%n a2%'erea biete s&*lete Di(ite (in
2t2Aa *raDe stere%ti'2 A2est sne2ta2%l *%r@al al ntlnirii 2& a2eiai %a@eni aA% l%2 2ele @ai
a(esea (e 2teAa %ri n a2eeai Di4 C2i 2a '&in 'atr&<2in2i @inistrese (e la legaiile i
a@basa(e7M strine (intr<% 2a'italC 2%n2&ra& la *ixarea 2eai&iil%3
.Y/ 9O
vi
4i ??CC 'enii & a% v#+.i 2i&' a@iaD4 Aer<aOi J&aC n rsti@'&l (intre 2ele (%& rDbt (in ti e
state4 +i@' (e ani (e Dile 2t % 'rin (i'l%@aieC sL Ma n& @i<a '4ilejt J 4S (is2&ie
interesI 2& Are&n&l (@ KK %ii era& t%i (e r La4 C%nAi .
.
&*ja se *a2e (e 'e (is2i C#C
2are le aFi3<Z ai ' S(eAa n (%s&l *r&nil%r ng&ste i in4ex'iA4jj Fala (i'l%@ati2 era al2t&it
(in DeADe2i s (e :> (e ani n2e'ea& s (ea se@ne (e ra@< L1 era& 2%@'let @&@i*i2ai4 Gen&l
(i'l%n3 i gestC la sig&rana 'as&l&i 'e 'ai 2BelC . it t 'r%@is n *%i@e4 C& at&^M F<O'ite Air4
.
<*&r 2 n& '&tea s @ alraF 44& s )
!
)An&F& s%2iabilii alea nu 4nne s4t L<a ieit (in
i%st&l @e& irA an&@e
2& Aiiie *2eaF Fire 're%2&'e4 C l ntr^ bar2a4 Cn ras' ins ib 4 2& t%tiFi r42Ai
riAal4 t exiiiII li2r S
s*rir4 T4 Inter
2are i
Sa4 n2e'ea@ a'r%a'e s<i 'iD@&ies2 'e t
'artea U
i i3 iBi
t si@'ati2 i 2ar' a&3 <a '&s CU %ar23Fi
i V" [o
j s%nate h
991.. nn n ac
V
i
55 5
1 i@ei 'G SSI eC In 2t
a2i m +. A@ /osl
S (in Iii<
i 2%n4< I4 2t 'ri
eC n
'erlatiA '%eDia (e sensibi I e2&@ i aAertis@entele i e4%r&l&i i(e%l%gi2 al &niAersilI it @ai
str@t%rat4 Aer&l ir bil4 A& tre2&t a'r%a'e t iAit 'e Birtie ni2i &n Aers4 IGE
i de
de ci
=-c
C i s2an(a& 2& % Airt&%Ditate in2re(ibil silabele &a%r &riC 2e li se s2&rgea& n 'eni % (al 2&
la2ri@a (e 2erneal4 Cte%(atC 2&'rins (e regret&l &n%r Dile ire@e(iabil tre2&teC @i 'riAea@
'la2Betele i A%l&@ele a'r&te @ai (e @< nirate n 'i2i%are 'e sen(&ra '%leita a @esei
@ele4 Mi se 'rea neAer%si@il 2 a@ s2ris Are%(at '%eDie4 -i senti@ent&l a2esta aAea %
a2&itate (&rer%as (in 2ale a*ar4 N&@ai 2rile @ele sttea& r*nrttirie 2& 'riAire la anii @ei
(e nAalni2 r%(ni2ie4 ra@ e& ntr<r 'rintele a2el%r 2ri H "tarea @ea 2iAil (e a&t%r @i
a'rea inAali(at (e Artej&l anil%r4 )%eDia a *%st ara @ea4 )%rnise@ 2n(Aa ntr<&n ex%(
n*ri2%t%r 'e &n Hr&@ *r 2a't4 Un ex%( e s&'%rtabil 2t Are@e ai n e 'rag&l &nei alte
ri4 5r (e a2east *g(&in ex%( %@%ar 'e %ri2ineC n2et&l 2& n2et&l sa& &ne%ri <% (al4
!a (eAeni sterilitatea @ea % stare 2r%ni2 H asta era a2&@ s'ai@a @ea 2ea @ai @are4
A%i&ia n @ar '%ate s ins'ire 'e 2ineAa H In a'atiaC lat<i 'e atia tineriC gata %ri2n( s se
anjC
*
a<'& *r i@'li2aii i *r 2%@'li2aii4 Dar s st@ '&in 2&@'ni@4 n (e*initAC '%eii
2are se angajeaDC 2e ei H Aa Disele '%eDii<C 'e 2are ei le '&bli2C snt (e *a't %le Aersi*i2ate4
)arti(&lC 2l&Dit n general (e 2riterii 2anlitatiAeC le '%ate 2%@an(a 'e l&ngi@i 're2ise 3 (e
2enti@etriC (e<&n @etr&4 N& snt (e inAi(iat a2eti ili2a
.
2reaiei a (eAenit % '%liti2 (e
exter@inare jD2l%rC i n ti@' 2e 2asele (e 'r%stit&ie aL& *%st (es<C aleC 'r%stit&ia sl%Aei
n*l%rete 2a ni2i%(atC gai Are%(at 2alea s're '%eDie H
i % s'eran< A2est s@@nt al g%l&l&iC 2NC e (e%sebit (e gre& 'e nserateC 2n( 2%b%r (e ars
tre'tele &niAersitii4 % 2%b%rre (in Aia n sar sterilitii i este 're*erabil @%artea4
i'&l 2e<n ne liber n a*ar (e 'regtirea i
&i 2&rs&l&i 2e<E in la UniAersitateC i este bl% i*orri 2e ani=ilea?5 N& ti@'&l i li'seteC
2i t nebl%2at (m gri*i !iaa n *a@ilie n<a '&tea s!une nat s<@i (egreAeDe existena4 D%ra
n& 'rea d <ar '&tea
2nTA (e abia i s2BieaD graAitatea Aiit%ri
.
r47 &na a @'64i<r4it (e 2&rn( .: ani4 %te IK
n(%ielni2 *& L SJ e(&2abil4 Ln2%ri @i se *a2e @il (e ea ADn(<% 2& 2it nelegeri<se s&'&ne
&nei (is2i'line sa& Are&n&i s*at4 Dar i ea a *%st %bin&itC (e @i2C 2& alt trai4 a i a(&2e
2te%(atC '4 intr<&n *el (e rea2ieC Aag a@inte (e &n2ie @'rej&rri din strintateC (e 2n(
aAea Arsta (e 'atr&<2in2i ani4 =i a@intete 2& strngere (e ini@ (e H%tel&l AAiD (e la
B%nalisaC (e<&n B%l en%r@ n stil @a&rC 2a % 'eter naltC t& 2%ri(%are s&s'en(ateC (e j&r
@'rej&rC i 2& (e2%r&ri (in O7 lent&l @ijl%2i&C (e interi%arele 2a (in O @Le i &na (e n%'jj4
KN%i a@ trit 2n(Aa 'e<a2%l% HFL @ ntreab insin&ant I%ana 2te%(atC Ka@intirile a2estea le
a@ (ej<Ngr<r (intr<&n Ais4 )ar2 ni@i2 real n& este n (% 7 Ca@erele (e la AAiDC 2& 'ereii n
*aianC cu 'at&rile @%iC 2& 2eara*&rile (e %lan(C 2a@era (e baie 2& 2a(a (e @ai @&r (e
2&l%area &nei 'etale (e tran(a*ir r%D4 "t@ &n^<!Aa *%arte s&sC la 2el @ai nalt etaj I n&@ai
e&2ali'ii (in 2&i le aj&ngea& 2& 2rengile i *r&nDele 'n n *2r2rsAt4a n%asB4 Ii&'ea@
2te%(at *i&nDa 'l2&t @ir%sit%r 7J 4 (in 2r4re (a % OA &%r r&in%as4 !r*&rile ti%aseC i4
bilet&lC I4% '
M
LtCiV%t< (in 2&it*<a B%tel&l&i n& aj&n4C 3 ia nir#&l #< LtiC M &it=@ In j%s
la ei 7 -i<@i eniiI iis2 &n2iiC ^L^ O tersC (e
l
i
I
L% s&nete (e *l&ier 'e sJtrI rF4 CirCJ &i t
s2&rteC jalnFF irnt&ri (e @el%(ie HF
<
I#b ClirAa ii&FeC Fiei jel&iri ^7 FF Mr&HC 2& % n2Beiere
br&s24 -i<att 7FL '' negrit (e <C4M4i t%aie 'entr& @ine a22<#e arain
I
iTFi !n4C. ale I%anei4
Att *ie s*iOiti%aie 2 treb&ia = 'i2e $$c-s2&s 2a s n&<@i tr(eD *&r (e A%ie slbi2i&nile
@iraii4 )2nti& a<ri 2%n(ensa tristeile e*e@ereC I%ana 2er2a 2te%(at alb&@ele 2& *%t%gra*iiC 2e
le *2&st @ 2n(Aa n L&Ditania4 ra& alb&@e 2& @a'C
I
ni *er@e2ate (in ex2&rsiileC 2e le
*2ea@C n(e%sebi (&@ini2aC (e la B%nalisa n 'i%Ain2itC 2n( s're n%r(C 2n( s're s&(4
5ixar@ ast*el '2nti& a@intirea n%astr 'eisajeC gr(ini 2& s@%2Bini4 '46#gs&iiC '(&ri (e
'iniC @%ri (e AntC %iAOe @2(ieA&le4 2ate(rale i attea Aestigii @aAee (intr<&n tr%nat i@'eri&l
al &nei ri @i2iC 2are a in&t %(at s&bt st'nirea ei % j&@tate (e gl%b terestr&4 O2Bi&l se
b&2&ra n(e%sebi (e r
+
Ainile 'riOs% n a@biana rn&i 2astel @i@@at (e<% Fi2FOFL SM F
<FL%l% C) i=j4 n l&@ea
<s si 4.44 LI4 M Fiii *i4 ' LLL4 n-'--
+
a l&i
rit"i
al ii4
.YY
S$a 2l(ii ntr<&n stil (e renatere 2%nta@inat 2& ele@ente 'ia&re i in(iene4 n 2&rs&l
se2%lel%r 2astel&l se r&inaseC Pi)? a2&@ era 'e 2ale (e a *i re*2&t n t%at s'len(%area sa (e
alt(at4 O a@eri2an2 b%gat a 2&@'rat ntre 2ele ('& rDb%aie 2astel&l4 )rin anii .0/;90C
a@eri2an2a l&2ra (e D%r la resta&rareC 2l&Din(&<se 2& @are hiinN (&' iDA%arele "2%ase
(intre 2r@iDile r&inei4 A@ AiDitat (e Are% 2teAa %ri a2est 2astelC re*2&t 'e<at&n2i 'arialC 2&
&n g&st (e<% (esArit j&stee4 n alb&@&l (e *%t%gra*iiC 2 <i 'stra@ ntr<&n sertarC t%ate (in
'ri@Aara an&l&i .0=i#C '&tea@ s ne Ae(e@ *etia 'li@bn(&<se 2lare 'e un @gr& bln(C
'rin gr(ina 2& b&t&2i (e AieC 'e lngN 2astel&l l&i Alb&`&er`&e4 5%arte a(eseaC a2&@C 2n( @
+2ea@ seara a2asC gsea@ 'e I%anaC rsl%in( *ilele alb&@&l&iC 2&*&n(atC 'n la 'ier(ere (e
sineC n Ae(eniile (e alt(at4 Ce terase (e AisC 2e 2&'%le 2a j&@ti (e '%rt%2ale tiateC n&
2%@'letC n *eliiC 2e baDine (e @ar@&r 'rin gr(ina 2& b&t&2i (e AieC 2e @%ri (e Ant 'e
(eal&ri (e j&r @'rej&r 7 Mai a&Dea@C (in a2%ste *%t%gra*iiC 2Biar D&@Det&l (e albineC 2e se
a(&na& 'e agaAee n*l%rite 7
I%ana s2Bia 2& insisten % n2er2are (e re*&gi& n tre2&t4 -i ntr<% sear a@ interDis s%iei
@ele ntr<&n *el (J *it&l (e br&talC (e a @ai arta I%anei alb&@ele4 KN&<n& 'la2e a2east
nt%ar2ere s're tre2&t la % 2%'il (e Arsta ei4 n2Bi(e alb&@ele 7 I%ana treb&ie s se
%bin&ias2 s *a2 *a &n%r @'rej&rri l &n&i @%(C 2e n& @ai are ni2i % legt&r 2& ntiii
ani ai 2%'ilriei ei4 (&rer%s s<i tie@ % 'l2ere a a@intiriiC (ar n& Area& s n2ea' (e 'e
a2&@ 2& re*&gii n Dile (e @< tre2&te4 Ce Arei H " (ea n b%al HL
Intr<% n%a'te (% n2e'&t (e %2t%@brie @ a'&2 nite 2Btreri DA2nit%are la 2anin&l (re't4
)ar2 nite (ra2i @r&ni 2& 2i%2ane i ni2%Aale i<ar *i *2&t l2a n (intele @e&4 ,e*lexele
2raniene D(rni2es2 l%2aliDarea 'reebC (ar a@'li*i2 s&*erina4 5&sese@ ani (e Dile s2&tit (e
aUTri atr%2iti4 @i (a@ sea@a (&' (&rereaC 2e<% si@ea@ 'n n %2BiC 2 Aa treb&i (e ast
(at s @ s&'&n &n&i l&%g l aneA%i%s trata@entC (a2 A%ia@ s<@i @ai salAeD 2anin&l
'l%@bat i rs'l%@bat4 n 2&rs&l Dilei @<ara (&s la 2abinet&l (entar al (%a@nei Dr4 "alAa4 M
(&2ea@ 2& ini@a n(%it4 Un (iate a'&2at literal@ente (e neb&nie Aa @ai
.Y8
i s *xs (%@%lit H Ini SIFMS<
a &nei %'eraii (entareC rrii<a@ %2&'at *r&@&el I%<e&l 'e &n s2a&n n 2a@era (e ate'tare a
2abinet&l&i (entarC &n(e n2 Are% 2in2i n*lB%r%2i @ai aAea& n&@r (e er(iHe4 D%a@na Dr4
iiT Aa4 re@aran( la 'le2ai
&n&i 2lient 'reDena @ea in %(aia (e ate'tareC @i trirn &rs 2nAinel 'Aintr<% *e@eie (e
serAi2i&4 "nt inAitat a( s 'rses2 2a@era (e aie'tareC s tre2 'rin 2&rte n l%2&<in i s
ate't n sal%n4 Mi se A%r s2&rta %sre 2& a2easta s&'li2iile H M s&'&n inAitaieiC 2e @i s<a
*2&t n 2Bi' att (e (is2ret n2t 2lieniiC 2are @ai ate'ta& i 2are %ri2&@ Aeniser naintea
@ea
I
n& 'ot s re@ar2e ni@i2 (in *aA%&F<ea 2e @ nt@'in4 De abia aj&ns n sal%n&l @reC
@%(e@ @%bilatC al *a@iliei "alAaC % & se (es2Bi(e4 A'are se@bit`areC (in 2abinet&l eiC
(%a@na Dr4 "alAa 3 KC& serAiC (%@n&le 'r%*es%r HL
tare s&*erin 'e 2a'&l @e&C (%a@n D%2t%r 7 #4 nit 2anin&l (re't4 N<a Area s @i<l 'ier(4
Cre( 2
n rs
@arile astea n& e t%2@ai %'%rt&n s ren&ni la 2nitV
K" s'er@ 2 n& e ni@i2 graA 7L s'&n S& &n glas linitit%r i @ '%*tete 3<Ii intr& r
se re2%@an(ase n2 (e @ai (e rti&l in&t n albC 2& a'arat&r *%arte rA
n @i2r%s2%'i24 Cabinet alb ea
U<i7 &n gest 2al@ i *%arte rein&t4
are att (e Aie 2a a a iC snt 'J
S r4 CileAN @i nisni&l interi%r a 2a ritr<&n as2ens%r4 Ca'&l rai a^ ai ( D%2l%xZ
3(ei g&ra 7L
i (es2Bi( 'eteraC Arei i
s<@i est%@'eD s&*erina 2& % gl&@a4 I
D%a@na (%2t%r s&r(e ng(&iI KDaC aAei % g&r @areC (ar t2&tI Aesteie 7L
KD%&@n (%2t%rC ni2i (&nA r n& '&tei g"
'lngei 2 n<ai aAea % g&r 9 @%(ern4 Aa e se 'are 7L
D%a@na (%2t%r r(e (es2BiDn(&<i *i&@%i 2a % re2la@ 'entr& 2abi@ I
I 'irttF F#
7
l
F baiaI nCt F4aLt n s@aliMG tF=F!&=J ,,i # (
I
n<
AJ
i4 2are rs'&n(e 2& @i c,
e2%&ri4
&n a'%2ali's a2%l%C (%a@n D%2te r 7L
D%a@na (%2t%r i '%triAete 'e *a a2%la<E $ - M eOibet linitit%r4 L&2reaD 2al@4
s2&tin( teren&lCI 'enibil (e %ri2e atingere (e 'ris%sC 2e ar agraAa (&rerea4
K5%2ar&l e la r(2in4 !a treb&i s (es2Bi(e@ (i teler "<ar i@'&ne '%ate 2Biar extra2iaC (ar
ereattT sa n2er2 @ai nti &n trata@ent4 )%ate @ai salA@ a2est 2aninLC n2ear2 (%a@na
(%2t%r s @ @brbteDe4 K!ei aAea rb(area s s&'%rtai &n trata@ent (e (&rat H Cre( 2
se @ai '%ate *a2e 2eAa4 Dintele e graA 2%@'r%@isC (4 r (a2 re&i@ s Ain(e2@ r(2inaC se
'%ete '&ne &n (inte 2& 2&i4 +%t&l 2ere ti@' 7L
Ut
A@ ti@' i A%i aA%a i rb(area nee^<CCrC n&n4i '<A%asr s n& A<% 'ier(ei 7L
bSSF ti (%a@nei (%2t%r era &n il&str& 'r%*es%rC G 2<aH i (e Me(i2in4 Cel @ai a're2iat
s'e2ialist ' n b%li '&l@%nare4 )r%*es%r&l a 'arti2i'at ntre 2eL rDb%<Fe i la % sea@ (e
2%ngrese internai%naleC sj4 'rin 2r@&ni2rile sale 'restigi&l tiinei r%@Nneti4 % %are2e
n&@ele s& (e *a@ilie era &*t *%arte %bin&it n&F (e b%teD 2as e<l s&'ra '&in 'entr&
*a@iliaritatea %'arer 2e<% a(&2ea ntre (ins&l i se@enii siC 'r%*es%r&l 0t i<a s2Bi@bat n2
(in Are@ea st&(enieiC a(%'tn( rt&@eGe j sat&l&i s& (e %rigine 3 "alAa4 )r%*es%r&l era *i&l
&n&i *&st %*ier 2Besar%<2ries2 (in *ai@%s&l 'e Are@ in regi@ent grni2eres2 (e la
Ns&(4 )r%*es%r&l Dr4 "%r n "alAa '&rta 'e *ig&ra sa r%@Nneas2 'e2etea &nei e(&2aii n
tra(ii%nal s'irit i%se*in4 i 2&n%tea@ 'ers%nal tare (e@< i<i '&rta@ &n 'r%*&n(C &n nat
res'e2t a7U 'entr& 'r%(igi%asa a2tiAitate tiini*i2C 2t i 'entr& @asiAa sa %@enie4 )r%*es%r&l
"alAa ei a % *iin a'arent reDerAatI (ar 2al(4 )n n a2est @%@ent n& intrase@ 2& *a@ilia
"alAa n relaiile (e 'rietenie 2e aAea& s ia *%r@e a*e2tiAe (intre 2ele @ai rare4 Un r%@Nn i
&n %22i(ental era 'r%O MMF O%r&lC &n transilAnean i &n l&@inist4
n 2&rs&l trata@ent&l&i st%@at%l%gi2 2r&ia era@ ne<
2
Li @ s'&nC aAea@ s 2&n%s2 'e 2ei (%i
s%i nai
.Y0
n(ea'r%a'eC 22i n sal%n&l (e<% at@%s*er agreabil &n(e ate'ta@ s *i& l&at n trata@ent (e
(%a@na (%2 'rin (er%gare (a la legea b&nei rn(&i%li 2lientareC tilnea@ a(esea i 'e (%@n&l
'r%*es%r4 Intra@ 2& (%2t%r + "%rin "alAa (e *ie2are (at n l&ngi i *%arte intsresar3 4 (eDbateri4
"2Bi@ba@ Ae(eriC (n( @ai l&@Fn%aseC 2n( j (eDa@giteC 2& 'riAire la eA%l&ia sHAni%i
(in + n%astr4 -i % 'rietenie n%& i *%arte a*e2t&%as se i SS444CF 2ingea4 Mi<a@ ng(&itC n2
(e la ntie AiDiteC s aii % 'riAire n bibli%te2a 'arti2&lar a 'r%*es%r&l&i 3 i ra*t&ri n& se
gsea& (e2t %'ere eseniale (in 2ele i Aariate (%@enii4 M<a @iratC &@'i@(&<@ (e @&l&@ (e
la n2%'&t s'irit&l (e sele2ie 2e a (%@inat la aG t&irea a2estei bibli%te2i4 N& era bibli%te2a &n&i
n& s'e2ialist U2rile (e s'e2ialitate 'r%*es%r&l i le i 7a 2lini2a (e *tiDi%l%gie 'e 2are %
2%n(&2eaV4 Bibli%te2a erai a &n&i %@ (e 2<&r 2& &n %riDent s'irit&al larg (in 2 4S a*ar4
seisti2a bine re'reDentat nAe(era interes&l 'r%< '1 *es%r&l&i 'entr& *il%D%*ie i art4 )rin
4ra*t&ri se '&T (ib&i i &nele slbi2i&ni ale 'r%*es%r&l&iC b&n%ar '2i '%eDia 2BineDC 'reDent
'rin Aariate tra(&2eri n & <@an i *ran2eDC Li +ai )e 2& @ijiti2a sa n2re(ere i sine i 2&
2nt%2ele (e Ain eraC (a2 n& @ nelC '%eFaill s& *aA%rit4 Ce (e%sebireC @i s'&nea@C ntre
'r%*es% 7 Dr4 "%rin "alAa i t%i 2eilali 'r%*es%ri (e la 5a2<r434 aF (` Me(i2inaC 2& interesele
intele2t&ale rig&r%s re(&sa h 2ele ale @eseriei4 "<a *%r@at n +ransilAaniaC ntre ele (%&
rDb%aieC &n ti' intele2t&al 2are 2%ntin&a4&n iI' Aet&st (inainte (e nti&l rDb%iC s&bt % *%r@
agrsA&l4 Intele2t&al&l r%@Nn (in +ransilAaniaC *%r@at 'e ti'ar&l s'e2ialist&l&iC era @ai @<
&n @eseria (e2t &n intele2t&al4 O (is2&ie 2& a2eti s'e2ialitiC 2are se sit&a& exa2t la @ijl%2
ntre @eseriai i 2rt&rariC se (es*&ra t%t(ea&na aneA%ieC 22i la nti&l 2&Ant 2e s&rea
(iO*t%l% (e D'laDC (es2%'ereai la2&ne (e 'r%'%rii 2& a(eArat 2%s@i2e4 Il&stratiA 'entr&
a2est ti' (e %a@eni *%arte 'ri2e'&i n s'e2ialitatea l%rC (ar ngr(ii (e (&B&l ar2&l&i 'rir 2are
Db&r(a&C era 2& %sebire &n 2elebr& 'r%*es%rC @tii^ internistC 2are te &l&ia 2& tiina sa (es're
staDa (&%(enal4 Un *el (e 2&tre@&r te l&a 2n(C n a2eeai 2li' re@ar2ai 'e 'ereii
interi%arel%r tabl%&rile (estinate ss arate AiDitat%ril%r 2riteriile (e 2are 'r%*es%r&l internist si
2l&Dea 'rin se2t%r&l artei4 "'e2ta2%l&l era st&'i(
.81
era& (e %bi2ei C4(ar&riL (in 'aitrn 2li2 n& B(e'l&iea& alt *&n2ie (e2t a2U &@*
C +e @irai 2&@ n a2elai %@ alt&ri (e atta tiin i atta li's (e g&st4 )rin 2%ntrast 2& 2%2a 2e
A%(2a 'rin n2'erile a2est%r Ks'e2ialitiLC n ci g
O
jl%r "alAa te s&r'rin(ea (in 'ri@&l @%@ent
`alitat rar a tabl%&ril%r (e 'e 'erei4 !e(eai ai2i &n Grig%res2 L&2BianC 2iAa )tra2&C &n
+%nia I n& @<e tabi (ar alese 2& grij i 2& % @eti2&l%Ditate (e a'e'a ri4 KDar&riL
in%'%rt&neC 2are ar %bliga /a % t*egra(a
a
g&st&l&iC (e la 2lieniC 'ri@ea& 2& (&i&@&l atit 'r%i .
"alAa 2t i (%a@na (%2t%rC (ar t%ate Wb^ Nte tr%i 'r%Ain2iei (eDln&ite l&a& (r&@&l *r
blli ( (tl ii
nt%ar
a
G s&bs%l&l&iC sa& (e<a (re't&l n 'iAnia &n(e c< inZC 'C ICsila (e 'ianjeni4
+rata@ent&l 2anin&l&iC 2e (rAtnea4 (r la % Aa 2anin t%t @ai 'r%ble@ati2 i @4& 'ei4 ) MCO
et2Aa s't@ni4 +%iiji (%a@na ( i salAatC s'r` slCaCAa n&@el&i 2e< i '&rta4 -i2 # C In
iNs*2&nggjleg%i&rile 'rieteneti s<a& n ntritC s<a&< a@'li*i2at (e la % AiDit la aB4
ni5
,
CY
(e I24 s& I 2it3
s tre2 'e la s%ii "alAa i (&' . %i J S ) a trata@ent&l&i4 +re2e 3i@C n 2Bin ii C
.
%ri%*eb&riie
@ *2ea& s bLt 2al(Oj 4ii F )2ntra @ine a2este AiDite (eAenea& 2 K%as24 Gsea@ n 2asa
"alAa % at@%s&a C in 2are nelinitile Dil`i se 2&r@a& 3 Ai2i la A%iC gses2 n2 &n 2%iI (e
'
L +d @ (&2ea@ la s%ii "alAa tia@ 2N A^ eres (e re2&legere4 )r%babil 2 i ei 2&ta& s44
1 OF
t
LC (%&C Br&ielile i grijile Aieii COMCI# sF@Oara 2 niAel&l iF2al@&l 2%nAersaiil%r 2 ? 4
v t t&n 2& &n e*%rt (% A%in4 A2easta se nFn
i n2i 2n( *ie2ai2 (intre n%i aAea griji 2& ^ stingBereas2 'e 2ellalt4 OiFi2&@C s%2iabil
(&s la &n @ini@ n 2&rs&l anil%rC n*l%rea4 )rintre interesele Aarii i s&btile ale (%aFL
.
. ini gsit i 'e a2ela 'entr& '%eDie4 a 2 J
2
V> nele ei n<ar *i (es2Bis &n A%l&@ (e Aera 4
Ctit 2& %ra 'entr& a2east l22F&r4 Dar (^J a se (ele2ta &ne%riC re2itin( 't 4iti # Iate 'e
(ina*ar4
.8.
-' 3 ui
la i ? li ini 4&r
*
C O
L CCO
,
, -8
e la sti
K i c
aAea iI 7 'entr
Un2%3 rein&i
n& AJ4i i 2l%4
'
MF<4tr<% Di a@ (es2%'erit 2 (%a@na "alAa aAea i % Jte2N 2& %'ere @&Di2aleC 'rintre 2are @ai
ales 8d5-Z (e la Ba2B la BeetB%Aen4 -i ast*el as2<a@C @'r^ R i 2& s%ii "alAaC 2te<&n
2%n2ert4 Cite%(at a2ela
3
i S%rt (irijat (e @ai @&li (irij%ri 2& ren&@e @%n(iaFC 4C = i2er2a@
2& 'ri2e'erea 2e<% aAea@ *i2te2are s *a2r JZ 2%@'araie ntre '%sibilitile &n&ia i ale
2el&ilalt D%a@na "alAa as2<a 2& &re2Bea i 2& ini@aC *re(%nF J C &ne%ri *rag@enteC @ai
2ara2teristi2e4 )r%*es%r&l "alF as2<a 2& t%at *iinaC (ar *r 2%@entarii4 & as2&lU4 la
*ig&ratC trans'&nn( t%t&l n '%eDie4 Ca s ta2Bin '&in 'e (%a@na "alAaC 2are &r@rea 2&
@< I&I a@inte (i*erenele (e inter'retare (e la (irij%r la (irij e& bgateiF i nti<a(ins 'e
a2eti @aetri ai bagBeI =Z t (&<i jai (e %r2BestrL4 Gsea@ 2 de a2eti I se *a2e
'? @are 2aD4 A're2ierea n& @i<% s&sine4V S nt sei L itat%aC A%ia@ t%t&i s art 2 (e
BeetB%A <i '&bliA&l n<a *2&t ni2i%(at atta 2aD 2a (e AH Fi (e %r2BestrLC %aie i inter'reteaD
%'era 3 CXZ44 *6Cri '&bli2&lC @ai ales 2el *e@ininC 'ie&iete
FJri n 2n^ a ,rlAa i '%eDie4 O
%txir n43Z '%itea s 2ites2 i (in A&li @jlj a '- eMj F. @ai ales '%eDiile (in 'ri@&l M FSS Ja
Ileana s<a nA%it i 2& Z^#< O 4 I e aneA%ie @ B%trN@ ns 3I <La2i s%area @ea (e
5+ FOin( 2& t%Fjl t r4 s T<4@ 2& (esNAi <_et irenlat (e 2l^ a+i' sDi2C s&&n24Ai44
iert4 / ier(&tF
2ia l
a4 C& tir Jle (in i Din i s%2n
A4(ai4 2 ili%l%gi2
ns e& a2este 'e
i &nei (%ar n b
S742%*an&l l&i4
N& sF@t e&
2 '%rt n r
I(entitatea (e 2
De la % Di la aliaC (%a@na "
s'&r2 i@C 'rea @ere& rnai '
N( n a*ara (e %rele 2n( l&2ra
.8:
(e Ht&l i
&rg&l
; %ri2e @&n2 (e
L&cii4 +er@en&l 2irC&@s2ria % anx& 2are %a@enii 'rea& 4sa *ie 2&'rini4 A i n2ii
nse@na s ai &n %rar 're2isC s si@i 2%n(i2i (e 'reDenC i s @&n2eti (&' % *ixa 'rin
&2aD *r a se ine sea@aC (e '&4 M&n2a n%r@at era (e *a't % @et%( (e (%rinei (e a @ai
tri4 n 2teAa s'tN@@ it&r%r 2etenil%r s<a s2Bi@bat (in te@elii4 We la alAI7 @ (&2ea@ @ai
rarC 22i (e la % Are@e a@n(%i i 'este @s&r (e %b%sii4 Ne treb&ia ti@'C (e *ear2 (atC
'n s &rni@ (in l%2 % 2%nAersaiHC n (e 2%ntingenele 'l&@b&rii ale Dilei4 )re*a2erile n &ra
s%2ial i e2%n%@i24 n *el&l (e a tri al %a<%r se s&22e(a& ntr<&n rit@ 2e<l resi@ea@ eA4 i
2a &n i&it n &re2Bi4 -i %a@enii n& A%ia& L ( in a@&rg&l l&@ii l%r4
a2esta se lsa 'e t%i &@erii4 ra r jOg % 'reDen att (e i@'la2abil 2 ni@enea n& H[
n realitatea ei4 Gre&tatea AD(&B&l&i se *2ea OS4F5iDi2a4 nAat la 2%alC n& iDb&tise s ne *4
*l'e 2 AD(&B&l este % *antasti2 '%Aar4 Ist%ria 23 44F*a2eriC se angaja s ne (^
a. s'&nea@ &ne%ri Ilenei 3 OHb 2ele (in &r@ n& neleg (e 2e iii4 2& 4 OOHCs *ii n e@'&l
@&n2ii4 Cabinet&l 'arti2&lar ii e &n s&*i2ient 2tigL4
iii Ilenei l&2ea& 2a (%i greieri4 N& i<a@ s'&s i (ar @ ate'ta@ t%t(ea&na s<i a&( i li' la
alta4 Glas&l ei 2nta ns 'e alt 2%ar( 3 trin eti (e 22
j
le 2e se 'regtes2 n ara n%astr 7 le
'arti2&lare H Ce naiA eti4 n2 n<ai ' t%t 2e este 'arti2&lar e 2%n(a@nat s (is'ar H D Aiit%r n&
A%@ '&tea s exist@ (e2it in *&n2ie (e F&jba 2e<% aAe@ n 2i@'&l @&n2ii4 N& Aa tre2e @<
i (ea 2ine Aa @ai 'ri@i a&t%riDaia (e a l%2&i la %ra 7 *&@aiL r%biiC n&@ai 2ei 2e se gses2 n
e@'&l @&n2iiL4
Mai trDi& aAea@ s<@i a(&2 a(esea a@inte (e a2est &Ant al Ilenei4 a Ae(ea realitatea 2&
'ers'i2a2itatea linte 2are are 2larAiDi&nea (ire2t a *a'tel%r4 )ar2
r
*i trit 'n at&n2i n alt
arC nt*<% ar &n(e 'ir<i@i2eC s'irit&ale *ira& (eja 'r%M
.8/
2%nsi@te4 -i A%rbea Ileana 'e<&n gBi2it%are (in 2a*ea 3 KN& AeDi 2&@ ra&ril2 HL
n Fntre'rin(eriC n instit&iiC 'r%2es&l (e trans*%r@are a %@&l&i n r%b Aa s se (e2laneDe 2&
t%at *%ra (in @%@ent&l n 2areC n 2&rs&l an&l&i .0E;C A%r a'rea (e2retele (e
nai%naliDare4 n n& @ai @< (e2t &n an t%t&l n ar Aa l&a alt n*iare4 )este t%ate Aa tie2e
tAl&g&l 2are niAeleaD4 5eri2it Aa *i a2ela 2are Aa iDb&ti sa r@Nn n 2@'&l @&n2iiC 2& t%ate
2 a *i n 2@'&l 4 @&n2ii Aa *i ai(%@a 2& a aAea &n (%@i2ili& *%ratC si& 2& a ge@e n s2laAie4
!%r bjbi 'rin ar 'ret&tin(eni *Nr* &@%areC t2&i 2a @%riiC @%ieri *r '@ntC in(& 4
triai *r *abri2iC %*ieri (ebl%2aiC 'r%*es%ri 2%@'ri@44 MiC aA%2ai e'&rai i *%ti (e@nitari
gsii ne(e@ni (e a @ai %2&'a Are% sl&jb n a'arat&l *&n2i%nres2 al stat&l&i4 )aralele 2&
a2east (estr@are a &nei %rn(&iri s%2iala i a 2lasel%r ,, 'riAilegia teL (e 'in a2iC Aa aAea l%2
&n ne@aiAD&t @2ini al 2%ntiinei (e %@4
-i K%@&l n%&L i Aa *a2e l%2 la 2%n(&2erea ntre'rin(eril%r nai%naliDate sa& la 2%n(&2erea
instit&iil%r (e %ri2e *elC 2are A%r @ai *i @enin&teC sa& 2are A%r *i n*iinate (in ni@i24 -i %@&l
n%& Aa *i 2el 2e a l&2rat 'n a2i 2& 'al@a4 Ast*el t@'lar&l 2& @axilarele 'reist%ri2eC al
Bibli%te2ii UniAersitii (in Cl&jC Aa aj&nge (ire2t%rC 2& rang (e 'r%*es%r &niAersitarCC al
a2estei instit&iiC &na (intre 2ele @ai @ari 'e ar4 )ri@&l s& a2t (e 2lr<ni&ire i (e a&t%ritate
Aa *i sele2ia (&' ni2i &n 2riteri& a %'erel%r literareC e'&rarea 2& t%'tan&l a ra*t&ril%r4 Crile
(intre 2ele (%& rDb%aie A%r *i K(ein&teL i ar&n2ate la be2i n lDi 2& bala@aleC 'e2etl&ite
ntr<&n *el 2a s n& @ai '%at *i (es2Bise ni2i%(at4 M<e (intre %'erele literar% ale ti@'&l&iC
i 'rintre ele 2t2Aa 2Biar (e<aOe @eleC A%r l&a (r&@&l @%ril%r (e Brtie4 -i a2easta n& *iin(2
'%eDiile @ele ar *i bn&ite (e Are&n 2%nin&t '%liti2 s&bAersiAC n& 7 Ci '&r i si@'l& 'entr&
2 n%&G (ire2t%r al Bibli%te2ii Aa 2iti n Are% n%t 'riDrit . s&bs%l&l 2&tr&i Diar (in 2a'ital
2 '%eDia l&i Axent<
.8E
este 44@i F
SO 2ritFn i 2t @%ri ai literat&riiC A%r e2ti t%t&l 2& 2ri@inalitatea (% rDb%i4
C 2a -
iDiea
% (%e%<taii< S itate @ile4
'arti<
% 'ai 7i<
I4 n
C4Oa@eni n%iLF A%r *i i an&@e %a@eni A2eBL &N(t%ii gj s%2ietii b&igBeDeC 2are 'est*M n%a'te
s<%r i3C is*%nna n &nelte (%2ile ale n%ii %rn(&iri4 Unitatea (ej@iin= n 2r4re (%a@na (%2t%r
"alAa se ist%Aete 'entr& &n (eriD%ri& salar (e stat este Instit&t&l (e "t%@at%l%gie4 La 2%n<
(&2erea a2est&i Instit&t s<a a2i&iat n& (e @&
.
F ri 'e n&@e MalAa M%g%r4 !%ini2 *e@eie4 .
*e@eieC 2are &@bla gre%iC 2& inter@itene 2c ne3imt2'tat la Arsta eiC 'ar2 s<ar *i @i2ai
M%t%r&l inti@ al a22Fr4i tan2 era % *er%2e c.r., ja (e a j&2a &n r%l (e 'ri@ 'lan i n n%& Intre
2ele (%& rDb%aie (%2t%ria MalAa +L<2i'a la t%ate ntr&nirile '%liti2%C l%2aleC ale t& (el%r la
'&tereC inn2l 2& . <^ ( (ts*rnai (J 2r4i+C 'eria 'e @ai @ iii OA' M EAa aAei + 'latit&(iniC t*a
li@ite )i Ii J AjF rt&'N tZ<J^ n Aia IM s n
[
l
4^4FCinN c
i"
&i&4Fi 2& !?ILFI4MF 2%@'r%@ise ale
'artI#i l%r ist%iiee4 In li'sei &JM *e@inineC 2aie ar *i 2!s @ai re'r(e la ini 2& @ijl%a2e @4(
Aig&r%aseC 2e<i i6ra& la O( r2< la i@'%rtante Kis'ntii ale Aieii M g444G
A'tit&(ini i 2aiit&
*
iC 2are ti@' (e (222i '&t&t i@'&ne ntr<&n regi@ (e 2%n2&rena F *%st (e
@irare s n& aib @ai @< n%r%2 s& C Ce #FOO?F 2%le2tiAiste4 D%2t%ria MalAa M%g%r M 'enL&
ti@'&rile n%i4 a a gBi2itC (&' :/ A 7yzh bine ne%B% se n(rea't l&2r&rile In + -i (IaG*A<li2a
i*F4%sc a aj&tat<% s<i (%s*aO2 instin2tA I24 Mr#Za MF<4g%r aj&nge re'e(e n BC t&t&F&* (%
"t%@at%l%gie4 a i<a 2&@jO
.
at (jn 'I4F4 ele an&l&i .0E/ br%&rile (e iniiere n @& ea 2
>
"e2i%tel*V 'ra2ti2ii I% 'rin(ea (in aerC in4@eti24 L4FLLLO n '*ir=<FIt =<O sMnneas2 &n
instit&t @2
#
i @3&e
u
t2 2@
.
OF* siste@ati2 8
< &
H
.
C
C
'% j
Ci
*i 2
i
"<
4
r
4i
i
ar I
i
re
M<
<
r
l%Din2il%r SSt alFa (e i
7, , ni 7a .8>
uF F64ie
isFi<r / &ni
i i
3 / A
t%t I2 i (/
C ii74<H T4& <'srt(C ea se Aa in C tn bi2i ti
r%i v iCTU s&balterniiC 2a se rea liDe
F4't&ra blalinisl 2& 'riAise la '%'%arele inT
<I% i 'e 2%ri(%arele instit&t&l&iC MalAa iHTC
seF( in s'e2ta2%lC a2&Dn( n (iea'ta i ta
^J l&ert] 2& s&*i2ient 2%ntiin UIeC
v (e an % 2latC s'%rirea n%r@el%r (e l&2r&4
i ea n& 4@&n2eteLC ea Ka2tiAeaDL (2r4
r stilet&l ei rAit (e ne(e@ne a@bilnC
% a(eArat *%bie *a (e *e@eiC 2& atit
(e *e@eile (e la instit&t4 Bn&ia @ %n2a
&na % '%sibil 4JL % 'r%babil 2%n2&ren
" i LLFtiFi&! s&'eri%are %ri2e ntirxiere a
n n& i 'e a (%2t%ril%r4 N&
Ii sele s'e2ialitii4 ,@asa
Cr ' S t&2serieiC ea i a2&8 (e
O
2
tC4 KC4 i'ia l%r 'r%'ria<i in2a'n2F<
#N
7
) .
b
r JL '%t @n(ii %& <te'tOt
O( isi n 2%n*li2t 2 M FL"i< j
IJ r LinN 2n( n& a^ O
i&l C jBF@b ea era
*
+<
Cri rale Dilei I . F O.
iC
t
C4ra 2e (a FO(
ie4
inti & n
si (e ea4 a@ &ne%ri G /a (e @ine n i(&<@i I, U it la '%
( U
ir K ir
yiii5il
S (e t%'%rL4
@<e %ri n 2&rs&l 'ri@Aerii an&l&i .0E; 'leana
@i s<a 'lns (e 2aDnele in&@ane 2e aAea (e n(&rat
4na &neltiril%r (e e* ale (%2t%riei M%g%r4 )le%a'ele
se Dbtea& 2a nite *l&t&ri bt&i (e Ais2%l4 Ileana
S
r
ea %bi2ei&l s se la@enteDe4 KLas<% n grija @ea 'e
ii s'&n4 K+e r%gC n& 2&@Aa s<i *a2i Are% ^Jb<
S 7LC str&ie Ileana4
@lnin( in Di&a (e e2Bin%2i& 'e (%a@na )ogor 'e stra(C iat 2 n& @ '%t st'ni s n<%
%'res2C s're a< s'&ne ceea 2e @erit s a&(4
KD%a@nC &n 2&Ant 7 N& @ a@este2 b&2&r%s Tn
trile alt%ra4 -i ni2i n& 'rea (a& s*at&ri 2%n2etenil%r
2&@ ar treb&i s se 2%@'%rte n Are@i 2&@ snt 2ele
itDi4 ?ng(&i *iete2r&ia s<i reD%lAe di/icultile
F(e existenC 2&@ 2re(e (e 2&Aiin4 "nt (is'&s s n<
aeD (in 2ale a*ar @<e44 Dar n& '%t s ta2 ci=d
a l&2r& bestia &@an4 A@ a&Dit 2 Aiei s 2%n4CI
n&l 2& t%&l ar(%area (e 2are sntei n sta
Ka
i2<l D
I
(ii 2& 'r%'ria (<
2 (<A%astr F%r n% 2aJe 47<J 2 A<ati i (in&n&ri r O<a
4IO!
5- R
Ci <
n
li2 @'%triAi i4 "e 'are >n Jra4 2& a r .4 "e @ai A%r7
I
na s&balterni 2e s%arta i a&naC esU 4i s
A *a2ei leneti H N il 2ri@C 2 Iin2ines S &n 2a'it%l al 2el rs!undei 2 '
2
ni s'&nei 2 se
*a2 'resi&ni as&'ra (<A%aBL ni2i % @'rej&rare aten&ant 'entr& a2east tr<Le4 -i (a2 sntei
a(&sC 'rin 'resi&niC n sit&aia B%tr s &2i(ei 'e alii 'rin @in2i&nC ar treb&i ? 're*erai a
A sin&2i(e 7L i@na M%g%r 'lete4 N& se ate'ta (e la &n %@ 2 la &n atare 2&ABt sa2a(at (e
rnnie5 Nen(%i%sC @ele eraAi &n aAertis@entC tea snt ^le la (%a@na "aB 3
!titudinea oului car re4
.88
Arei s<l
S ^ (e i
SDit GJ4 ni iM& ?
n @%( (eRa ^<2%n<
(e 2ea @ai graA
i H Den&n&l
nte@eia &nei 2%ntii nai j%sni2e 2i r%nstrns la 4
KN&
IaD (e &n(% l%<n@ 2&les444 A'r%''2 *r (e A%ie @<an 2& tren&r (e ni@i2 n gBI3
3-- &3KK
t
3<C
Inter
D
<la ieali
LJ( 'e ei F i & a&ii&i &t @ 44C44P 444
%
<Ci a(aaOC4 iar i a'rat3 4CAr *i bine tJ444 Za ++ A +i O%(Ot 'rin
'iaa 2Un j&r&l 2ate(raleiC &n(e se "i =H t&ia e2Aestt a l&i Matei C%s Ain&l4 -i * A %'iFti B
'liAii 7 D% t%a(a 2al&l&i A%r atI na4 %(aia 9 n&li &<it%i4 i4 n 'ri@ serieC (en&nt%rii
@ir42in%M 7L
Ka %i a (el%2 n *ii2a @ea s Z %rbes2 2&@ ,A+ A%rbFt4 ?r n<a@ 'tat alt!l4
%%2&t&t2a b&V<jCi4eD F N& @<a@ L(it nF2i%(at (_
*a (e ea4 +%t&i (J A 2K
.
4 U4!ei s@i%<
J& i 2i2a
!
e4 la 24i< H = @ 2a L( '
e s&'reni a AietFi S
e @%sala4 la 2ai =
'&@niiC $i # ia
&
M
'
L ( n cLz
UniAjOsiti 4 l
.
ti K4F4MK#M *%aite (e'4iteC la 3 ^jlnex &iB%i nO<% 2%s (e &r2Me
At(2i@ 'e iin (eal
a'r%' eie @OnL<M3i%a AFA24n4 a@ 7Z%itFMt s iO& %irsa la 2 2antinC 2a sa eAit u<a Diinx (%& %ri
r! &@&l n %i as De la 2jF atFalF a (O%'l&l la bir%&l ir4e& s2i+Cn
iin'i%O 4F4FM rr %(sBL
.
O @ U<(% a @l eC i&n(a n le2 e 5
n< elanC 2& le(a2tarea &l& 4C ( I steti2C *rag@ent 2e v &6nl st&(enil%r (%rit%ri (iP a era@ la
a2east @igl%as &
j F FO @eleC C J in in2 . UL a nAC te ar exA
!AileU
.
4 FU F ti& a 2iti (es're %
&l&i sA rLLF Ce a se s
.L6#
i&i i 4 ha
2 .C8C ii i
i iF<iare a
, 4&4i HU4
HA%r
t ii
2FS 2it Aa
i ( JS ) @ (4 in4(e 7<J (e CC (ai
til CUI4 4FFia<l )
.
4. F O ileii i
tC
6 $ i
%2&G
@en
,BN l
j Fi n S
SSi <%
#ia@ s&bt D%(ia @%B%r&l&i4 -i @ ntreba@ 2%ntrariat3 ntr<a(eAr n%&a %rn(&ire n& @ai are
neA%ie (e steti2 HL
Cele 2e se 'etre2ea& n j&r&l @e& n& @ai era& (e @< n ni2i &n a2%r( 2& Are% steti2 7
A2easta n& (% gi i iC 2i (e ani (e Dile4 Aeni@enteleC isl%riaC 2teAansaser (e2i n *el i 2Bi'
a2t&l (e (es*iinareC 2e @i se Aestea4
M<a@ n2Bis 2& 2Beia n bir%&C 'e (in&ntr&4 ra@ #i%trt s n& (es2Bi( la ni2i % btaie (e
(bgetRT@ &a4 !%ia@ s (%r@C sa& 2el '&in s<@i 2%ns&@ @Bnirea in sing&rtate4 M<a@
ntins 'e 2ana'eaC i n 2i&(a DA%n&ril%r (e nat&r s @& in treaDC a@ 2D&t re'e(e n
t%r%'eal4 )ar2 ai'ea@4
"a& n&@ai @i s<a 'r&t H )ar2 % senDaie (e s2ib @ a'&2a 'e la 2a'&l 'ie't&l&i4 )l&tea
'ar2 'rin n2'ere 2%Aa @%nstr&%sC 2a % inj&rie a(&s nat&rii4 Cre( 2 a@ ai'it t%t&i4
A bt&t 2ineAa la & H A@ tresrit4 A bt&tH DaC (esig&r4 C& ti@i(itate4 Un ne2&n%s2&t bate la
&C Dia
.
jj&net bn&ies2 ti@i(itate4 " @ ri(i2 H " (es2Bi( H Cn( @Bniii att (e grele te
n2ear2C ate'i @ere& Aeti (% %ri&n(eC n&@ai Aeti s *ie 7 ste 2ineAa 2are ar Area s @
2%ns%leDe H "a& Aine % alt AesteC 2are Aa rst&rna 'ri2ina @r@irii ntr& 2are ai'ise@4 M (&2
*r grab 'in la &4 Des2Bi(4
n *aa @ea = *ig&r 2&n%s2&t 3 Olga Baba4 ste ea H M &it @ai bineC 2& (eD%rientarea &n&ia
2are a *%st treDit (in s%@n4 DaC este eaC s2riit%areaF 2areM nainte (e rDb%i a '&bli2at % 2arte
s2ris 2& nerA i n s'irit (e in(e'en(en 3 N%te (e 2ltbrie 'rin "'ania4 Cartea era
intit&lat 3 K)e &r@ele l&i D%n \&ij%tteL4 Olga Baba 7 i *2&se@ 2n(Aa 2&n%tin n ti@'&l
rDb%i&l&iC la "ibi&4 n *aa 2l(irii n 2are se a('%stise &niAersitatea n%astr n ti@'&l
re*&gi&l&i4
La 2iAa 'aiC @ai la % 'arteC '% 2%ri(%rC % alt *ig&r 2e<@i 'are 2&n%s2&t4 O *%st st&(ent
(e<a @eaC (in regi&nea 5gra&l&i4 DaC @i<% a@intes2 7 De la %rele (e se@inarC n&<i aa H
"nt 'atr& ani (e at&n2i7
K4"2&DaiC (%@n&le 'r%*es%rLC @i s'&ne scriitoarea OFga BabaC 2are ar '&tea a2&@ s aib 'e
la 'atr&De2i du a&iC Ksnte@ n tre2ere 'e la Cl&jC a@ Aenit s A Ae(e@L4
.80
nT( Dtnbin(4 -i<i ntind @na4 Acei
11 SSJ 'r%*il ZJjlin4 2& 'riAire isteaC @i strn<
na inir<&n *el n& t%2@ai *e@eies24 "tAngerea ei i i Insa n 'al@ % senDaie 2i&(atC 'e
2art 4<a@ s<% rel&64 (I3r n& 'rea 4tia 2&@4 "enDaia 2Bi' 'r%babil (in nr n 2are 2ir2&la n
j&r&l I3S ar aAea n2linri lesbiene4
KC&n%atei 'e444 % @ ntreI<ta 2& &n gest larg s're ; @i Aine in s*irsit n @inte Aat ntr<&n
2%st&@ barb KO 2&n%s2C 2&@ rJ<'nt ai larg (e2t OH1
&i
J@ei4 Mi se s'&ne
insinuant Olga Baba4 sta st&(entC al 2Ar<i ,ar&4 "t&(er4<4&
%&n( 2& &n t (estinat s<@i
7
@%'%rt&n ri(i<
I rn4t
r 2eea 2e a@
@ @%rae2
2&rtenit%rC 4AF
. I
r%i74 @i L
i(b2r
in
,&l @%r
I
u
n
noi
se
m
,,
aiiOoditis5 ri2a
ntr<&n instit&t de
ite@ in s*rit
la 2a'&l 'ie't&l&iC 2a't Yar @i (%@in se@aZia (= 'in n gi la %@&%r4
I I&
CD2ir n& e gl&@C (%@n&le
t
J 4 '&O&l
Ar4 Biet&l ri%C (intr<% er%are a 'r )i, a *%st s2&t (e @i2 2a % *eti4 "tarea l&i 2iAil J
a rar LJFt i '&terea %bin&inei4 Dar 2e gre& i<a *%stC 2 la SerUteC i s<a& treDit instin2tele4
Ce gre& 9 @ Ies O@'&l st&(eniei4 D%r@ea la C@in&l "t&(ente
.
i& *ele n 2a@er4 !
n2Bi'&ii s&'li2ii 'entr& &ai(t 7 isisie n *ie2are sear la (eDbr2area *etel%r Ce s&'l& ii Ir&
biat s Aa( *r&@%asele eA%l&in( 'rOntrer<'at&r4 7 inieC l<a@ (eDlegat4 I<a@ s2Birab2il
@a2aD&l Ce sJ'&<i (%@n&le 'r%*es%r H 7L
Ol*ia ate'ta 'r%babil s<i a(&2 el%gii 'entr& is'raAC % eOalt al2t&in( 'e l%2 &n i@nC 2&@
*2ea& '%e& ani ^ i Are&n te@'l& i 'r%2&ra sa2i ele 'r%stit&ate4 O A&ii #reag \lga a trit
nC 'i in i (in extraAagane4 Ca (ent la )aris s<a n2&r2at 2& &n negr& 2 Belner i '%et4 r n
arC ea s<a @ritat (e 2teAa %riC n *4(Fne %l%gi2 2& &n '%et4 2& &n 'i2t%rC 2& &n a2t%r Csni<
ei se 2&r@a& ns re'e(eC 22i Olga ea nsi (e<&aC S2t @as2&linC se n2&r2a @ere& 2&
(iAei se *e@eiC i ex'l%ata& slbi2i&nile biAalente4 gne2i2a@ s @ a(&n (e 'e &n(e *&sese@
risi'it (e ea*2t 2& t%t&l nerOle'hat4 s&r'rinDt%areC in2re(ibil 7e<lare anat%@%<*t6i%i%gi24
Dar n& iDb&tea@C 22i r&l la 2a'al 'ie't&l&i se ag<aAaC r2s'n(in( n *iina @ea % eirbN (e
ntreg gen&l &nr&iC 2& ^eLte 2 Kte%reti2L aAea@
1 ieHl nelegere 'ent@ 2aF6&l (O *a4 n2aC sa& (eriAat&l ei ri24 2& % ex'resie ^Me Aena rOre
jen de a(%les2ent 0i s&ii (e *at @areC sta t2&t @ *'Fa @eaC i<@i &r@rea c i inl%res
@i2rile * 4%rni2e & @i (&2ea@ @na ia T *C @i 'i'ia@ i FG4 i&4@eaC @i
neteDea@ 'ar]lC li & atingea@ gen&neV 2a s<@i re(%bn(es2 arg&@en<?
n
: 2%nla(&l&i @e&
C eaLtat2aC 2%nta2t 2e @i s& 'rea
. rae(iabil 2%@'r%@is4
K-&iC (%@n&le 'r%*es%rC 2aD&l s<a l@&ritC 2Biar s&*%t
i <'%rt legai4 N& @ai a2tiA@ n ilegalitate4 La 5gra
Ui F nhe@ 'r%*es%are la a2elai li2e&C l&@ea n` 2a@
In <i %2Bi4 "e lansase 'r%stia 2 a@ *i lesbiene4 At&n2i
i %&s l&i n2 3 =Drag&l @e&C (&<te la '%liie i ia
strii 2iAileC i an&n 2 eti brbatC *e@eie (%ar
a@inte i e(&2aieM<4 "2an(al&l @are a nb&rnit
2n( $i,+ restabilit nat&ra n (re't&rile ei4 A*&@
,;,
alt2eAa4 O
%sieC 2 i le rie iL
ri2a este 2eea 2e esteC ri2 7 Dar %ra&l ne arta 2& (eget&l4 Ora&l&i n&<i '%i *a2e ni2i%(at
'e 'a24 N<a *%st bine nainCteC n& e bine ni2i a2&@4 n 2el 4@ 2Bes<
ti&nea a aj&ns la MinisterC i ri2 i<a 'c3(&t '%st&l 7L
N& re*le2teD 2& ni2i &n 2&Ant la a2east (es i 'le(%arie4 M 2Dnes2 s a(&2 A%rba (^ ntreb
'e Olga 2e @ai serie4
K!ers&riLI rs'&n(e Ol*iaC 44Aers&ri O n& A n2Bi'&ii 2it l i&bes2 'e @gar&l i
L,t i2 interAine n 2%nAersaie 2& % n%&a senDa'i @rt&risire 3 KD%@n&le 'r%*es%rC i e&
s2ri&4 i ri<
i2 literara4 Ara s2ris &n st&(i& (es're '%eDia D<e%I
,&l (in 2a'&l 'ie't&l&i @i ( a2&@ &n s&gBi4 "ini *%arte sinjenitM (e a2east rea2ie4 N<a@
'&t&t s @i<% 'reAinC 2& t%ate 2 % 'resi@tise@4
44N&<i interesant 2aD&l n%str& HL str&ie Olga4 'rere aAei (%@n&le 'r%*es%rC s'&nei<ne
&n 2&AnlF4
44Ce s A s'&n444 "&r'riDa e ntr<a(eAr @24 In general sit %bin&it s 'riAes2 l&2r&rile
%are2&@ *il%D%*i24 A@ @ai 2itit i e& &ne%ri 2ri (e @e(i2inC arti2%le (e en(%2rin%l%gie4 Ce
n&@e *r&@%s a2esta 9 en(%2rin%l%gie 7 )ar2 ar *i A%rba (es're 2rini444 A2&@ @i<ar treb&i
%arei2are ti@' s @ gn(es2 as&'ra 2aD&l&iC C2i te%ria e te%rieC iar 2aD&rile 2%n2rete snt
2aD&ri 2%n2reteL4
D&' a2east @'%t@%lire n abstra2tC 2%nAersaia s<a I*tai nArtit n 2er2 2tAa ti@'4 Olga
*2ea e*%rt&ri s @ rea(&2 'e 'a@nt&4. e2BiA%2 al inter*erenei gen&ril%r4 Ai(entC ea
ate'ta (e la @ineC 'e (r&@&l nt%rt%2Beat (e la % extraAagan la altaC &n el%gi& %@enes2C
'%eti2 i *il%D%*i2C 'entr& *a'ta ei4
nilnir2a @ea 2& a2este a@aD%ane aribigeFne (e @r4F4 s<a s%l(at ns 2& % eAa(are n
'r%ble@ati24 A& n2er2at ele s (es2&r2e ti'arele 'e 2are nat&ra le n2&r2O &ne%ri n 2Bi' att
(e saAant H Desig&rC Olga i ri2a a& n2er2at <% *a24 -i a& Aenit la @ine s 2ear % Aali(are
're gi%as a is'rAii l%r4
Ci&(atC 2i&(atC 2i&(at 7
-i a2east 2%in2i(en7 CaDai @i se '4I S44S rAi t%^ n Di&a 2n( a*la@ 2 n%&a %rn(&ire n&
@mi are (e iii S7 (% steti2 7
.;:
)e la @ijl%2&l l&nii a&g&st s<a %rganiDat &n n%& 2&rs (e n(%2trinare 'entr& ntreg 2%r'&l
(i(a2ti2 (e gra( se2&n(ar i s&'eri%r4 +i@' (e &ns'reDe2e Dile a@ *%st in&iC t%i 'r%*es%riiC
2%n*ereniarii i asisteniiC 2te .: 1/v 'e DiC s a&(ie@ 2%n*erine (es're @aterialis@&l (ia<
le2ti2 i ist%ri2C (es're n%&a 2%nstit&ieC (es're re*%r@eleL e2%n%@i2e i s%2ialeC (es're ist%ria
'arti(&l&i b%leAi2C
ir*t %bligai s l&@ 'arte i la nes*rite e(ine se@i<nirialeC n 2are se '&nea& n (is2&ie 2ele
@ai Aariate 'r%ble@eC (e la 2ele ale 'e(ag%giei s%Aieti2e 'n la 'r%ble@ele agrareC (in
(i*erite ri intrate n D%na (e in*l&en a Uni&nii "%Aieti2e4 n a2este e(ineC 2are ne &s2a&
s&*let&l i 2er&l g&riiC 2(ea &ne%ri 2&Ant i (es're I&(a<+it%C (i2tat%r&l i&g%slaA4 "e
'r%(&sese t%2@ai @area s'rt&r n *r%nt&l s%2ialist4 Dat *iin( 2 I&(a<+it% n& A%ia s se
s&'&n t&t&r%r &2aDel%r stalinieneC (at *iin( 2 exe@'l&l a2est&ia '&tea s 2reeDe % an&@e
stare (e s'irit i n rile (e (e@%2raie '%'&lar U2e 2a2%*%ni2 ta&t%l%gieVC era@ 2atiBetiDai
2& % @eti2&l%Ditate s2%lasti2 exas'erantC n t%ate 'r%ble@eleC n 2are +it% s<a (es'rit (e
"talin4 As&'ra l&i I&(a<+it% ne era ng(&it s 'r%n&n@ %ri2e Aer(i2tC %ri2t (e graAC %ri2t
(e inj&ri%s4
A@ @nt&it a&(ierea 2&rs&l&i (e n(%2trinare st%rs (e %ri2e Alag4 O s%@n%lenC 2a (&' %
b%alC @<a &r@rit Are% 2teAa s't@ni4 M si@ea@ 2a ntr<% 2%nAales2en4 @i (a@ sea@a
n s*rit 2 'r%*es%rii treb&ie sRi s&s'en(e a2tiAitatea 2erebral 'r%'rieC i 2 treb&ie s
n2er2e i@'%sibil&l 3 s gn(eas2 2& 2reier&l K2lasi2il%r @arxitiL4 "2Bi@barea (e @%(
reAenea n *%n( la % %'eraie (e alt%ireC +reb&ia s ne reteD@ s&bstana 2en&ie a @ening2l&i
2&@ ai reteDa 'r&l la *riDer4 -i s a22e't@ 2reier42lasi2C 2a alt%i4
"e %'tea 'e la n2e'&t (e se'te@brie 2 n2 @< ti@' n%&l an &niAersitar n& Aa s n2ea'4
C2i se 'regtea @area i snt%asa re*%r@ a nA@nt&l&i4 )resi@<ea@ 2 'e &r@a a2estei
Knsnt%iriL 2ate(ra @ea (e steti2 % s Ks&2%@beL4
De la s't@n la s't@n era@ in&i n n2%r(are 3 @ine se an&n re*%r@a4 Dai< a (%&a
Di ni se s'&nea 3 ,&ine 7 a treia Di3 @ine 7 -i aa @ai (e'arte4 Ast*el a tre<
.;/
2&t t%at B@a se'te@brie *&r ea 'r'(&l s Ye (%2lan<3e4 )e la n2e'&t&l l&nii %2t%@brie
tre2ea (in g&r n
.4 DA%n&l 2 re*%r@a ar *i n2 *%arte (e'arte (e re(a2tarea ei (e*initiA4 "it&aia (e inter<regnC
'lin (e in2ertit&(ini i @<e (is'erri Aa @ai (&ra 'n 'e la CrNx<&@4
In a2east tensi&neC 2e (eAenea 2r%ni2C n& @ai era ni<@i2 (e *2&t4 Ate'tarea era
e2BiAalent&l 'siBi2 ai &n&i 'F%ees (e er%Di&ne a s&bstanei nerA%ase4 M%ara *#t] l&i l&2ra *r
gr&neC i @2ina (%ar 'ietrele4
ntr<% Di s'len(i( (e n2e'&t (e %2t%@brieC ntr<% We aD&r 2& D&@Det (e albineC s*iet%r (e sr<
ninC i Ci attea 'ri2ini n&<i ng(&ia ni2i &n *el (e b&2&rieC @ ntnes2 2& arBe%l%g&l
&niAersitiiC 2& 'r%*es%ral Dai2&4
r agitatC 2a (e %bi2eiC i as2&n(ea grijile i gn(&nte
% @as2 (e @&2alit4 "%sea t%2@ai (e la Gr(iteC &n(e
a Hiat n%i s't&ri4 A (es2%'erit % teras n (%s&l 2etii4
A2%l% a *2&t 2teAa s%n(aje4 -i (&' t%ate se@nele terasa
nltea s (ea la iAeal r@ie (a2e (e<% i@'%rtan e'%2al4 KUn te@'l& 2i&(atC r%t&n(C a *%st
(es2%'erit <n 'arteLC @i s'&nea Dai2&4 -i 2a s<i a2%'ere ntr<&% *el
trant&l (e legiti@ @n(ri%C el se a'lea2 s<i U 'O ia gleDn* 'antal%nii (e 2i&lini4
KiC 2i&linii l&i da@%ixeLC re@ar2 gl&@in(C Ks<a& i at (e tine 2n( 2%b%rai @&ntele 2&
t%iag&lL4
44"<a& agat (e @ine 2a (e<% %aieL
E
interAine J rr<4n(4
D&' % 2li' n(r&@ 2%nA%rsia n sens&l 2&r
n @ine 3
i 2 '%Aestea 2& tel OintereseaD (in
a*arL4 M
K-ti&4 2&@ n<a tiL 7 re'lc -1 Ka2%l%#iUbt Bi
i 'ietri&l terasei Da2e ngr%'ata @it%l%gia Da2il%rC n 2NiAa aniC (a2 @i se (a& aj&t%arele
a22esareC s' s2%ate@ la s&'ra*a4 -i at&n2i A%@ '&tea trage e%j @ai 2erte n '%ntr%AersaC (a2
Da2ii a& *%st @%r sa& '%liteitiL4
KC& 'riAire la 2eea 2e a& '&t&t s *ie Da2ii 9 'arte<@i n<a@ ni2i % n(%ial4 Anti2i'eD * A@
'&tt4
a2elei terase n2 (e 'e a2&@ =+erasa @agil%r
./E
2<a 2 (in 'N@nt&l (e a2%% A%r i (ele
Mc@'%triAa l&i Her%(%t i a &i )NrAan 7L
i 2& a2easta % al&Die la 2%ntr%Aersa 2e<%FaA&<OB2& &nii te%l%gi (e la B&2&retiC n2 n ti@'&l
rDb%&l&iC 2& 'riAire la religia Da2il%r4
Dai2& @ ntrete n 2%nAingerea @ea 3 C
KNi2i e& n<a@ n^2i % n(%ial 2 Da2ii a& *%st '%lie<M iC 2&@ a& *%st t%i in(%<e&r%'eniiL4
mi Dai2& tre2e (ntr<% (at la % alt 2Besti&ne T LLM
KAs2< AxenteC n<ai Area s *a2i Dilele Aiit%are % t&r 'n la Gr(ite H Instit&t&l (e
ArBe%l%gie `rganir De % ex2&rsie4 Angaj@ &n a&t%b&DC 2& 2are ne (&2e@ (e la Cl&j la
C%steti4 De<a2%l% &r2@ 2& &n tren& (e @&nte 'n la Gr(iteL4 InAitaia (e<% insisten
2al( i 'rieteneas2C 2e @i<% *a2e Dai2&C are &n a22ent 2r&ia n&<i reDist 3
y
K!i&C *irete 2 Ai& 7 )%t s inAit i ali 2iAa S teni HLF
Kste l%24 )%i s inAii 'n la De2e 'ers%aneC i snt t%ati 'ers%naliti "L
di%<li 2%ntin&a iin *ran%ase 2a % salb (e
'ei Ie4
La M &rsia 'e @eleag&rile Deil%r (a2i a@ iriAi
^LV e2Bea "alAa4 Ileana n(e%sebi a 'ri@it eAI I tare inAitaia4 5e@eie (e 2<&r i ini@
ent&Di i ( sea@a (e i@'%rtana (e%sebit a (ese^ arBe%l%gi2e (e la Gr(ite4
C&@ inea@ s<@i (&2 n ex2&rsie i s%ia i tra a le @ai s2%ate (in %riD%nt&l grijil%r i al s'a
ti(ieneC @i *2ea@ s%2%ata 2 ar @ai *i l%2 'entr& m 'ers%ane 44(a2 n& snt t%ate
'ers%nalitiL4 )i4nN la 'letareaa List^ i aAea& s ,C3 iAeas2C *ireteC i &ns I n2&r2t&ri4
D'2t%ria MalAa M%g%rC a*ln( (es' 2&rsia 'r%ie2tatC i (es're 'arti2i'aniC s<a a(resat (
P(re't&l l&i Dai2&C la tele*%n 3 KInAitai<@ i 'e @i (%@n&le 'r%*es%r 7L
D&' 2ele nti@'lateC *e@eia<tan2 A%ia s ia 'art<ex2&rsie alt&ri (e @ine 7 Dai2& n<a aA&t
n2%tr%4 N<a *%st n sit&aia (e a re*&Da4 Dar a*lin( (e la @ine 2 in ea a2%sta n& '%t s @ai ia&
'arte la ex2&rsie ni2i e& 2& *arai<O @eaC ni2i 'rietei riC 'ere2Bea "alAaC 'r%*esa
.;>
Dai2& a tele*%nat (%2t%riei MalAa M%g%rC 2 (in 'ri2i4III ne'rAD&te ex2&rsia n& Aa @ai aAea
l%24
In Di&a (e 8 %2t%@brieC (is (e (i@ineaaC 'le2a@ n e3
te*
2&rsie 'este Deal&l 5elea2&l&iC Are% treiDe2i (e 'ers%a "%2ietatea era *%arte 'estriC (ar
n2Begat ntr<&n 7C4G
nainte 2e
2&@ esa
S <'r%*es%r&l Dai2& n(e%sebi era n a2eas SBaD in2%ntestabil n 2ea @ai b&n *%r@
e
alt@intrelea t%t(ea&na 2n( se Ae(ea n2%nj&rat (e 2&@ane si@'ati2e4 De la Cl&j 'n la
C%steti ne in&se ntr<&n ne2&r@at rs4 n ntreinerea at@%s*erei (e BaD
2
i b&n (is'%Diie el
i aAea ta2ti2a sa4 N& ne (a ni2i%(at
r
a<<JaD s e'&iD@ 2& rs&l n%str& e*e2t&l &nei gl&@eC i
*O<i@&l a&t%b&D&l&i Ul t2rgea@ ele a%&reaia 2& @i@<iOi re ia viu Aei&taiaC iO&iAI& &A&a Ta M=I
in % ie2ie P4C nFs'erana 2 A%i re2&n%ate 'e 2ineAa 'e tr%t&ar&l (ig ist%rie i arBe%l%gie
(es're ntreg a2est in&t (a2i24 "'ie *iFa Aitrinel%r (e<a l&ng&l strDii4 Atenia @ea treaD rCiH
a
(a &n s&'%rt int&itiA le2ieiC &n asistent (es*2& n Dain tra strin (e<% ai&@2 e@%ie4 -tia@ 2
Ana ,are l%%M
nO
aslr % Bart @areC 'e 2are % atin (e 2ra2a &n&i '%n<4
5 a@ @ai AD&t<% (e 'atr& ani 7 "tra(a @ interesaC tC<
t
n a2el 2eas ne gsea@ eniar in
22nxr&i sisi2@&i&iC %are2e aAa@ 2ertit&(inea &nei 2%ntig&iti4 Desig&rC Ara
C
aie n&@ai &n
%2Bi (e A<&r (a2i2C 2a al l&i l"&rebiT ,ares tre2e Dilni2 'e<a2i 7 Dar ea n& tre2e n 2li'a (e
*a C
a
'&t&t s<l 2%n2ea' att (e a(e2Aat 'eisaj an Z +%a
,are tre2e Dilni2 'e<a2i 3 &&r ea n& =44PT4=< O A4OR 9 9 =
tt
e
O<4^4 O O KKKKp
r
K <<<<O9
K4<<<<<<< C< C<
BF<&@a este
H
n2N AiDibil 'e tr%t&arC (e ase@enea &@AM 2aF@&e a@ 'reaj@aC s2%ase in relie*
'&n @i@a I%3 2 H<te (e tre2t%ri N& ar '&tea s *ie i &r@ele Anei '&nE
a
j 'ertat 2n(Aa
2rt&i i t&rn&ri (e a'rare4 tF<eeleH KA2iC n
2erNO&ia (ePlaPC%steti4 la 2iAa 'ai &r(%Aen
)e la %ra 0 (l@in2a*a aj&ngea@ la C%stetiC &n sat n &r2i (e nH+aC i<aL aA&t Ce2ebal
ree(ina4 +i& '%l% iA<A<lea Orstiei 2& g%s'%(rii te@eini2eC 'ier(&te s&bt @<aF @&ne ale
@'rat&l&i +raian a& 'tr&ns 'e<a2i i 'e (ir<
*r&nD
i la '%alele @&nil%r4 x2&rsia n%astr era 'ln&ita 2%li4 Dar % 'arte a 2%B%rtel%r r%@ane <a
l&at 'e Da2i 'e 'e (%& DileIi j&@tate4 Aj&ni n sat ne l&@ n&@ai(ert la 2jJateC Aenin( (in
OlteniaC 'este @&ni4 Castr&l +%r i<a n 'ri@ire l%2&rile (e gD(&ireC n (iAerse 2aseC ai 2r%r
WtN< l< X &r@eleC 2e se @ai '%t Ae(ea i astDiC ntre !irl&l 'Frl rani snt %bin&ii 2& atari
AiDite (e ex2&rsi%niti l&i )atr& i !r*&l4 -&ri an&l&i4 Cetatea a2eastaC (e la C%s<D&' '&in
%(iBnC % ntin(e@C n gr&'C 'e j%sC a'& te<tiC ree(ina l&i De2ebalC 2& t%ate 2elelalte 'e 2are
Ie 2ett&ia inAiDibil (in Ar*&l &n&i @&n2el s&bt '%alt4e b!<jia@ (e j&r @'rej&rC a'ra&
intrarea n Aalea ng&stjC 2r&ia Aalea i arsa se ng&steaD (intr<% (at4 "%arele Oe 'este a 2rei
a' a@ r^ 2&t a(n2a%ri4 La :/ c@ 'e a' i t%a@n l%Aete tare4 Ne ( 'rj%l 2& %sebire
a2el%ra 2are s&sC n Ar* (e @&niC este sit&atO#jx(MeaC 2aie (&' n& aA&r@ 'arte (e Aar4
D&' &n &r2& (e<% %rC n& t%2< K
t
te s%2%telile n%astre treb&ie s *i *%st 2etatea (e <i@ @ai
aneA%i%sC aj&nge@ (eas&'ra &nei Ai lateraleC la % reDisten a Da2il%r i a'rt%area
san2t&arel%r4 A2%l% a 2as rneas2C 2& liAa( (e '%@i3 a2i l%2&iete 'aDni2&l Gr(itea
treb&ie s *i *%st 22nti&l r%ljgi%sjlji@ii4 (a2eLC 2et&ii Ne ntin(e@ 't&rile s&bt '%@i i ne
aeD@ ( D&' %(iBna (e (%& %reLM era@ (es&lR(2rt* a2&iC 2a ne %(iBni@4 )rin '%@ii 2&
*r&nD rar a& @ai r@as niM s '&te@ l&a nli@ea 2& asalt4 Intr<&n s*ert (e 2eas aj&n<2ai
@ere r%ii i glb&i4 Ne nsr2in@ s<i @nt&i@ (e 'M gta@ s&sC 'e Di(&rile (eDgr%'ate ale
2etii4 O @in&nat Aar Des2Bi(e@ a'%iFtraistele i r&2sa2&rileC ntin(e& )riAeliteC 2a &n
a@*iteatr&C se &n(&ia s&b %2Bii n%triC 'e iarb i 'e 't&riC @erin(e i b&t&riC i ne %s't@
?4+ &al2& ne ( ex'li2aii 2iM 'riAire la *el&l (e a 2%nstr&i al tr<% at@%s*er agreabil (e gl&@e
i Aeselie4 "33-3 9 7R
h
M teraseC 2are i 'streaD n2 Du. @aC 2e li
.;Y ./8
W a (at a2&@ (%& @ii (e ani4 Bl%2&& (e 'iatrC F 7&r 2j i4FO'l&t&r interi%ar4 Ci%b&ri (e
Aase4 Cr@iDi F es!eP +i <r<&n l%2 &r2@ 'e nite tre'te (e 'iatrC 2e (&2ea&
n
i iF 4ri%r&lC 2&
t&rn&riC al 2etii4 ra@ *lan2at (e I%anaC * <<@eaC i (e (%a@na Ileana "alAaC 2are se arta
2&ri%as < ^ @i a&( 2&Anl&l4 L%Aes2 2& 'i2i%r&l n 'iatra tre'tei TrI
KO'rii<A &n @%@entC i gn(ii<A 3 'e tre'tele 42ts4. tea a &r2at (e attea %ri i De2ebal7
Mn(r&l slgn 4i<ai
.
a&DitC i el4 s&net&l 'as&l&iC ai2iC 2&@ l a&Di@ i n%iC a2 nnx
t
'H<al n%str&4
)%ate 2 'as&l n%str& treDete stetitl3 2e F %r@e n 'iatrC al 'as&l&i l&i De2ebal )%ate 2 s&n
#,$9+' 4&l&i n%str& e n&@ai &n e2%& al 'as&l&i teges2 (e alt 4> 7F
"'re a Ae(ea t%ate terasele 2etiiC 2& Aestigi (e<6=t%<
.
e n a2eti aniC era neA%ie (e<&n @ers aOale F M 23 A
s&ri (e rgaD4 )e<% teras @i s<a @bint '3 &i M TSJ a
aeDa 'e nite 'ietre @ariC r%t&n(e4 K& %(ir4 % iiZJE
Ks2<@ 2&Ant&l l&i Dai2& 3
K)iet6ele a2estea r%t&n(e =nt baDe (e O%cn "n
.
ZM* OAi(i<'4t4 n @ijl%2&l &n&i te@'l&4
Cn( l<ar <gAn Aj F> C7A2Fe4L@ 2 n& e A%i% s<% s'&r42nC 2a <L<l4it ?. M&a@aliDa@
a(eAr&l i^FJ P2 sI i<
<% 2 ai2i ai *i *%st &n B 4@bar (e jCrOi2L4 e % l@&rire sin2er 'e 2are ne<% (N 'M F
r%sri( 'e *ie2e 2&Ant sig&r (e si@<CM 4 3 & n& @'ie(i2 'e ni2i &n arBF
CLm
'erit &n Kte@'l&L 3
a@ nite 'r%ti 'Fj , 'i
%*%s%r&l Dai2&C K2rs JS i
s'irit @arxist s tia 43 $-
i %a@eni *r D&@n2J3
a (e ia Dai2& 2 IO+U OC
J
r@at t%ate a2este 2eti (a3eC De 'e I&i S
7
Ci@C aiB2%l%g&l arat 2& @inaC n Aale Tj%s 4 K)riAii n j%sC 'rin 'artea &r(e r g&st2A4I
A
a(i2telea 2Bestin J eliberareaT l%r (e s&bF
iti De2ebal 7 Atta i<a& t& r%'etat ,%@anii s'&sa 4 A<i@ eliberat 7 9 'n 2eC n 2ele (in
&r@C Da2ii F
2I
C<iFUt 'e 2&Ant4 Yv. aa se *s2e ist%ria 7L
Dai2& s'&nea a2estea 2& 're*2&t s%Fi%Ditate4F -i 'stra@ &n aer graA i ne st'n2a &n suih.
De la 2ellalt 2a't al te@'l&l&i strig S
KMi Dai2&leC asta 2& eliberarea (e s&bt j&gAl I&n 2eb4lC e *%arte b&n 7L
KHa HL rs'&n(e Dai2&C 're*2n(&<se 2 n<a a&Dit ee<a@ s'&sC 2& t%ate 2 ni2i &n 2&Ant al
@e& n&<i s2'a]4
)e nserai % a@ 2%b%rt n2eti%r n sat4 O @as l&nOi s<a n2ins i< (%& n2'eriC largi n&@ai
(&' @s&ra (F ar4 Ni2i &n&l (in 2eat n<a aA&t la @as @ ti @< i
'
j @Ntate (e l%24 -e(ea@
*ie2are 'ieDiC 2& 2%t&l n %4 teOe Ae2in&l&i4 Dai2& era (inF n%& n AerA4 O i&
.
S s're te%l%gie4
La &n @%@ent (at ei ttr2A la <&n%r ex'resii abs2%nse (in 44CreDiilLF (e la Ni2r O is2<4ilC el
2res2&se 'rin 'reaj@a biseri2ii =i<i F2Fnte tr%'are i s re2ite texte lit&rgi2e4 Dai<& tN nire 2ele
(%& r^!6bTJ&ie a 2&n%s2&t &nF'%j<a4 'C lent i @are (*FI42tiistC 2& @ain la '%arta4
e&
n3
o di
i (e 'e datnaC (ar aAea % aanta .I
i<a tri@is &n Aag%n (e *l%ri4 9 ki l<a
4 sla ntr<&n resta&rant la BucaN
Dat n legt&r 2& % *raD (in <<Cr6
.
9'1. %a@eniiT<444 MiC '%'C iFs'&n4
itr& n%i oa< 2areleC ni
*sit % @i2 aeDare r%@ana4 di(&riC i) '. 2l(iri4 ra a2%l% &n '%st (e 'aOC iii riO4 Li(ai
r%@ani
s
2are 'atr&la&C trnn( s&bt sM F#i&lC s n& se rs2%ale Da2ii 'rin r%iL<l<tri@itea& '2<aiei
%a@enii 9 s ^(Ji4 L 'rintre Da2C 2aleC *%aOF42 F<nraitr && 9 A<sj4 '&t&t 2%nAings iO 2e2F
.:/
In t&<
un -
FLA4C<"t Iic 4
FOr4 +%nt&l
*
n<@( a2^ Cr2i&n 7 . i niC I C
@ai
ii de 3 ie i eon* 4
a dat 4i asu!ra
la "
@&
iC CreD&l (eAine @%@ent&l aceli
./0
de sei
( desigur % gi MnCs2&*rC iarna /cu 7ar 3 Hrisi%s a<a n"i n biseri2a '%'ii Ctt
*2&t [L KP
-i tr22n( 'rintr<% s2ri% (e alte gl&@eC Dac& n% '%AesC teste 2& BaD n 2e @'rej&rri i<a
ns&it ex'resia ntrebt%are n stil r&sti2 KHa HL4 Aeni@ent&l se 'etre2&se 2Biar n 2&rtea
a2estei 2aseC &n(e arBe%l%g&l i are sa&l n 'eri%a(a s't&ril%r 3
KAi AD&t 'e GBe%rgBii H N<are biat&l @ai @< (% 2in2i ani4 ntr<% Di l A( 'e GBe%rgBiN
'rin 2arte4 lG ntreb &n(e<i @<sa4 GBe%rgBi rs'&n(e3 CeH <O Al&nei e& l ia& *r&@&el i<i
s'&n 3 =Mi GBe%rgBiC n& se Di2e K2eL se Di2e KBaL H 7T )rinii 2%'il&l&i @<N& a&Dit (e Ia
*ereastrC (in 2as4 -i a& *%st *%arte @&l&@ii 2<l nA 'e 2%'il A%rb 2&Aiin2i%as4 De
at&n2i t%i (in 2asa asta rs'&n( la ntrebrile @el2 n&@ai 2& =Ba HT -i se 2re( *%arte bine
2res2&i 7L
K!a s Di2C (e<a2e2a @i<ai rs'&ns i @i2 aa 9 2%l% s&s la te@'l& 7L i 2a( n A%rb l&i
Dai2&4
-i 'entr& 2a b&na (is'%Diie i BaD&l s n& @ai 2%nteneas2C Dai2& strig s're @ine 3 *
KHa HL
Ari 'e (in&ntr& (e %D%n&l DileiC %b%sii (e attta 'riAeliteC ist%Aii (e &r2&&ri i A%ie b&nC
ne<a@ 2&l2at UrDi &C 2a s ne s2&l@ *%arte (e (i@inea4
n2 'e nt&neri24 '
ra@ @br2ai 2a (e iarnC n 'alt%ane i<n 2%j%a2e4 +reb&ia s l&@C 'e la > (i@ineaaC
tienale&l s're Gr(ite4
L<a@ 'rins n2 la ti@'4
Ceata n%astr 2lt%are a %2&'at 2it %Aa 'lat*%r@e '%aleC (e Aag%ane4 A2este Aag%ane &rtnat&
s *ie n2r2ate 'n searaC 2& le@n (e *agC s&bt '%alele M&n2el&l&i (e la Gr(ite4 Ne (&2ei
h) s&s tren&&lC g*n(C &ren( 2&rs&l a'ei4 Cristal&l 2&rgt%r (in @at2a r&l&i i arta
'strAii s'eriai (e l&@ea (in a*ar4 L%2%@%tiAa sl%b%Dea (in 2n( n 2n( 2te<&n strn&t
gr%sC (e *&@C (e Dg&r i sentei4 5&lgi *ini (e *&ningine se aeDa& 'e 'ielea '&(rat a 2&<
2%anel%r i a st&(entel%r4 5ineea *&lgil%r 2&ta 'ar2 ntr<a(ins *ineea *eel%r4
Aj&ni 'e la %ra 0 la '%alee<M&n2el&&iC a@ srit s'rinteni (e 'e 'lat*%r@e4 Iarba 2& br&@
gr%as 2a % 't&r
.01
j@%it8^# salt&l4 )nAi&4ai % N 2
.
F<4lel&i
&t 2at4 Ne 'iegNtea@ ti i2 i4 '$ Ite t
lv@ 'ie'ti4 -i
a@
']nit4 #r4i &i a #^ 2O %se& 4 Ur2&&l se@na 2& &n D&' &n
b4tit (e 2
O@ 'e<% l&ng 2%a@C Fi Zi 'rintre &O'ini @ i Uit<e't2 (e *agi4 )ar 2%l%ane <&n i@ens ti CCi'l&
'NI //i *ie2e 'as Dai2& ( 2lFj<% C4 ia u r $+ )e t%t A%i sNnt&l gses2C s&bl '(&re i ernti&etC i i
r&it&ri 2& 'iatra 2 'litC 2i%b&i i i 2i@iO4 Ai2i si i i(i2a Z22
A
get&D a Da2il%r H Ari4
LLn2a2l%&+ 2eas&ri rF% rr2& @ai L'&l in an^ gr@ la DiF#&rii % 2%t>Z7J LFF&O2BiC i++ +J)i+ i b7L
2a32 se @b&24 !iei ai t%2Fi% neraAi iF '%r%a'e t%t&l4 di2F&i i s 'F<=4ii4Vt&ri la 44 F n!4i@% (i 2i
ra(iL & tBi4& @ai @<4 . aannile ti a @2inat i 4 <a l&ng&l A%a2&nl% Dalt4 ,(2inile a& (r@at
2
i a& t%'it4 +F nl%r a& reDistat t%t&iC alt&ri (e tjij%4l Ain
,,5
4n&C
K i a*
'i2
Ot&i 4
'na i 2& i <i b2M<
2a s Le
@rt&rie 'n aslF( a &nei @iT Iii (e n2e'&L )i In s%i<d9+W n s'ai&l (inLA ri(&riC s<a
'&t&t re2entF i
.
v a+ xirri2iie Barta 2%taii4 )e 2elalalt A&santC n&Ti &'M gsete C4+erasa
MCLIil%r
<l
4 Aj&nge@ si a2%l%C i a2t4 teras ne este inFa4 5agii (e<H2i s&nt 'ar2 Mi t nO
C%l%anele n2 neiriie (e an%ti@' j%a2 n 2&l%ri r&ginii4 "%i&ri (e 2%'a2iC al 2r%r n&@e n&<l
@ai ti&C (a& n ga
l<
ben i ii<J& (e snge4 n btaia arDt%are a s%are I&i Dri@ eDar&l re2e
'iintie *r&nDe4 )e +erasa Magil%r Zt(e@C i2i i 2%l%C s't&ri (e n2er2are4 O 'arte a &n&i
te@'l& r%t&n(C a@intin( 'rin *%r@ i 'rin 2%nstr&2ie st&'ele in(i2 reC 2sie (eDgr%'at4 Ne
gsi@ 'e l%2&l *ab&l%asel%r san2t&areC (es're 2are ist%ri%gra*ia anti2 ne<a lsat &nele ins^
@nri4 2e 'ar2a& %a@enil%r (% @ai ti 8i& (%ar e2%&l &n%r legen(e4 In2re(ibila l%r existen se
2%n*ir@ <(&' (%a @ii (e ani4 +e@'le @%arte tieb&ie s *ie 'e<a2i4 5ar( (e a2este @%(ele
s&b*eiane *agii 2& s2%ara (e @ar@&r n& i<ar *i 2l(it te@'lele l%r Aii4 Un *i%r n&@enalC (e sr
Btate 'gnC ne n2ear2 'e a2este nli@i4 +%2jAra s < @'r&@&t 'i iAeli <LII 2ea @ai
s&bli@ *aa4 )e ai2i a& 3 l%2 2n(AaC *%arte (e @<C nebn&ite iFi&riC 'e<ai2i i 2r4tat lit&rgi2
ntr& 'rea@rirea Deil%r <A4iA4s.i
2
i te7 FS str@%il%r n%Itii4 Ce Aa iOi i iZJ a GO t tKO e
L<este r(2ini &le *<ZLL2r i ale ti@&al&i 4F
.0.
)e<aeest *%arte nalt tr@ a& a@&it i gi Dai2&4 )i2&ri (e br&@ t%'it la s%are ne 2a( 'A '2
%braji4 Br&@ s*nt '&r 2a la2ri@ile ne'lti
@intiei n%astre4
KCeea 2e A%@ (eDgr%'a ai2iLC ne s'&ne Dai2&4 KAa (e'i %ri2e n2Bi'&ire i t%ate i'%teDele4
Ne gsi@ la % rts<2r&2e a arBe%l%giei btinae4 "'er@ s '&ne@ in 2&rs (W 2iAa ani
te@eliile &nei Geti2eL4
44Ce<i 2& geii HL ntreab 2& s*ial *ii2<@2aC IO4I)H4 KGeii H Ia2 &n alt n&@e al Da2il@ 7L %
l@&rete 2e &n DF@bet (e si@'atie 'r%*es%r&l Dai2&4
D&'L 2teAa %re (e nalt re2&legere 'e nli@iC ns 2%b%rtn4 n2etC i 2& t%r@ (e
l&ne2&O&riC 'rin @ gr%B%ti&riC 'e '%te2i i 'e '%Alrni&ri4 )e ns*<4@ge@ iari n Aale4 la
Balta tren&&l&i4 !ag%anele FrJ n2r2ate 2& le@n (e *ag I 2eea 2e la Aenire *&<
a2ii l&i dI
@ie n& i
ai *%r@C este a2&@ &n t&rn4 Ce &stibil i se trans l&@aC 3Y (in 2%st n
O Aariant r%@i2
l%2 'e stra'%nt@a &n&i Ai le@neC s&s4 M aD 'e i Xaa n sens&l @i2rii4 I
@enea (r&@ 'lin -a 2e se i L&ai2 % senDaie linie H La 2%i
rasuri are s in0 i5 Ye-a drea!ta noi
S
CaF (e la l%2%3 L&@inii<
(&<se la ng&sti@ile i lrgi@ile s'aF#& M&nii l&@inaiC 'e i2i 'e 2%l%C (e *ar @%tiAC '(&rileC
'r'stiileC *a2 &n strani& j n<a@ @ai AD&t n Aia4 La 2%tit&ri ne a'are n%a'te (e'linC
@%nstr&l l%2%@%tiAeiC 2are I&i *iiC n s&sC n j%sC lateral4 ,&l l si@i@ 2&rgn &n A&ietC 2e
a2%'ereC %ri2e alt s&netC a s2rit&l stri(entC @etali2C al r%il%r4 Dai ie beDneleC ni se 'are 2
a'a % ia n A ts4 -i re
.0:
s'%r&C 'iei 3iF e42tit 44
& a < < -
2U3 i
r<*t KKKAA
t Lai
bat4
l<7F
3
2&@
L
t
,
F
C
n
r
C
i
n
2
&
in
(
c
i
st
r
t
%
tC
n&
.
M
S
C
Aag%netele (in &r@a n%astrC ar '&tea sri &n&l 'este 2ellaltC 'rb&B(&<se 'este n%i4
KUiteLC i s'&n IleneiC Ka'aC r&lC 'ar2 ar &r2a 'e @&nte n s&s 7 le@entele 'ar a<i tr(a
legea (in t%t(ea&na4 A'a se nA%lb&rC i &r2C &r2C n s&sC n s&s 7 -i tren&l a2esta negr&
2%b%ar t%t&i 7 BeDna e 2%@'letC (in2%l% 7 )ar2 a@ 2%b%r n Ha(es 7L
D&' (%& Dile (e (estin(ere 'rin tr@&l str@%il%r i al Deil%rC ne (&2e@ 'rin *&@ i
'&2i%asO< s'reM 2@'ieC s ne rel&@ l%2&l n n%&a %rn(&ire4
M
.0E04 Intr<&na (in 'ri@ele Dile (e (es'ri@Arare 'le2a@ n 'li@bare (e la Alba<I&liaC agaleC
'e %sea&a nai%nalC 'n la a2ea 2%tit&r energi2C a'r%a'e n &ngBi (re't 2e n(r&@ 'as&l
s're C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 @i ((&se@C 'rintr<&n 2&Ant tri@is 'rin 2ineAaC % ntlnire 2&
Le%nteC 2are s&bt 2%nstrngerea @'rej&rril%r se retrsese n2 @ai (e @< n sat&l natalC n
sat&l s&C n sat&l @e&4 Le%nte % inea n a2ele %reC (e aij(ereaC 'e j%sC 'e a2eeai %seaC (ar
n (ire2ie inAersC (in C@'&l 5r&@%asei s're Oar(aC sat al 2r&i n&@e asiati2 @i treDea n
s&*let n2 (in 2%'ilrie n& ti& 2e re@inis2ene @%ng%le4 ,eD%nanele asiati2e ale a2est&i
n&@e 2i&(atC ntrite n 2%n(iiile (e @%@ent ale ex2&rsiei @eleC @ *2ea& s @ gn(es2 la
attea 're*a2eri (e str&2t&rC (e *%n( i *%r@C 2e aAea& l%2 s&bt %2Bii n%triC (&' &n ti'arC 2e
'n n& (e @< @i<l n2Bi'&ia@ e*e2tiA Aalabil (%ar 4'entr& (e'rtate in&t&ri (in 'reaj@a
(eert&l&i G%bi4 Ur@a s @ ntlnes2 2& Le%nte ntr<&n l%2 (inainte *ixat ntre Oar(a i
C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 L%2&l s're 2are ne n(r&@a@C el Aenin( (in sat&l s&C e& Aenin( (e la
AlbaC @ai '&rta (esig&r i a2&@ a2elai n&@eC 2e<l aAea n Dilele 2%'ilriei n%astre 3 -irini4
L%2 (e '&neC 2& iarb 2a@ sea2C 2& *ire tari 2a 'r&l (in 2%a@a 2al&l&iC '&ne &n(e 'e
Are@&ri 'tea staAa (e 2ai (in C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC i 'rin s't<@ni (e se2et b%ii albiC ne
era 2&n%s2&t 2a &n n%( i@'%rtant (e (r&@&ri (e Ais4 In 2%'ilrie ne abtea@ a(esea 'e<a2%l%C
s Ae(e@ (e (%bit%a2ele (ate n grija 'aDni2&l&iC t%2@it 2& si@brieC s se ngrijeas2 (e
Aietile (e iesle ale %btei4
"%sea@ la l%2&l 2e ni l<a@ (at 'entr& ntlnireC n a2eeai 2li'C (in (ire2ii %'&seC 'e a2eeai
%seaC e& i 2& Le%nteC 2a i 2&@ a@ *i @s&rat (inainte (e'rtrileC 2e
.0:
./ 9 L&ntrea l&i Car%n
aAea@ (e strbt&t4 Cei (%i aniC (e 2n( n& ne<ara @ai AD&tC lsaser &nele braD(e 'e 2Bi'&l
l&i Le%nte4 -i '%ate i 'e<al @e&4 Ne aeDar@ n&@ai(e2Nt la &@bra &n%r b&t&r&gi (e sl2ii
btrneC sing&rele r@ie Aegetale (in anii (e (e@<4 -i n2 (e la ntile 2&AinteC 2e le
s2Bi@bar@ ne a@intir@ (e<% nt@'lare 'etre2&t n -iriniC s&bt %2Bii n%triC ntr<% AarC 2e
n& ni se @ai 'rea aieAeaC Ki @ai a(&2i a@inte Le%nte HL -i nt@'larea se (ea'n (e la sine
n2 % (at n 'riAelitea 2e<i @ai 'streaD 'r%*il&rile @ari (e alt (at4 ki<a(&2i a@inte H
CiAa 2%'ii (in C@'&l 5r&@%asei se j&2a& 'rintre 2ai i b%iC 2Biar a2i4 Un bi2an(r& gsi n
%g%r&l (in *a &n %bie2t (e @etal 2a % '%t2%aA4 Iar 2el 2e gsi '%t2%aAa se *2& a % ar&n2a
(&' &n&l (intre 'rietenii siC strign( 3 KUite @iC 2e<a@ gsit 7L IDbin(&<se n 2(ere (e nite
'ietreC K'%t2%aAaL se 2%ji ntr<% 'arte (e s2%ara (e l&tC 2e<% a2%'erea4 Un l&2i& a&ri& iei la
iAeal4 MiraiC l&ar@ n 2er2etare '%t2%aAaC 2e tre2& (in @n n @inC 2a s aj&ng (in n%& n
@ina 2el&i 2e<% gsise4 )%t2%aAa netrebni2 a *%st s'lat n a'a glb&ieC l&t%asC (in ga&ra
i'%t&Bn 2%tr%'it (e nari 2& 'i2i%are l&ngiC i se iAi strl&2it%are n t%t&l4 iean(r&l % (&seF
a2asC neti&t%r (e 2eea 2e gsise4 +<nne<s& se a'&2 sa taie '%t2%aAa n b&2i4 -tia ran&l
2 ine n @in a&r 2&rat4 !%ia sRl (%seas2C (ar a*ln<(&<seC la "ebeC (es're 2%@%ar
ran&l *& neA%it s 2e(eDe *rnt&rile (e '%t2%aA la &n 're (e 2teAa @ii (e 2%r%ane4
KA*a2ereaL n& era t%2@ai 'e 'la2&l ran&l&iC (ar el iDb&ti 2el '&in s<i @ai s2&t&re sr2ia
(e 'e &@eri4 A2east nt@'areC la 2are i&aser@ 'arte n 2%'ilrieC 2a 'riAit%ri i 'rtai la
j%a2C ne Aeni n @inte a2&@C 2n( ne aeDar@ n &@bra b&t&r&gil%r4 ra@C %ri2&@C ai2iC 'rin
@'rej&rrile anti2&l&i A'&)&@C 2ea @ai i@'%rtant aeDare r%@an n Da2ia 2&2erit (e
legi&nile l&i +raian4 5ier&l 'l&g&l&i rst&rnn( braD(a %g%r&l&iC sa& trn2%'&l s'n( an&ri
2er&te (e 2%nstr&2ia n%&l&i (r&@C 2e aAea s se trans*%r@e @ai trDi& n %sea nai%nalC
s2%tea& 'e<a2i la l&@inC nen&@rate %bie2te (e interes arBe%l%gi2 3 &rneC 2a@eeC ge@eC ineleC
brriC agra*eC stele *&nerareC les'eDiC @%Dai2&riC 'ietre (e altarC @rt&rii 'al'abile 2 in&t&l a
*2&t 'arte 2n(Aa (intr<&n @are i@'eri&4 "i@@nt&l (e 'ier(ere @elan2%li2C 2e i<l ( %
AiDi&ne arBe%l%gi2C se (%DeaD n 2li'a a2easta 2& si@@nt&l (e (es2%@'&nere a &nei l&@i4
.0E
De abia a2&@ gsea@ rgaD 'entr& es2a'a(a @ea (e<% DiC s're a @ ntlni 2& Le%nte4 "e
nt@'lase 2& @ine 2eAa4 "e nt@'lase 2eea 2e era aa (e *ires2 s se nt@'le4 CteAa
s't@ni @ai nainte *&sese@ @&tat (e la Cl&j la Alba<I&lia4 DeAenise@ in(eDirabil n
2a'itala +ransilAaniei4 -i *&sese@ @'insC 2& t%ate ale @eleC 2&O *a@ilieC 2& g%s'%(rieC 2&
2riC 2& @%bilierC s're 'r%Ain2ia (e al treilea gra(4 !rea& s s'&n 2 % (at 2& re*%r@a
ra(i2al a nA@nt&l&i s&'eri%rC (%@inarea @ea (in 2%r'4el (i(a2ti2 (eAenise ineAitabil4
)rin grija n%ii %bl(&iri @i se gsi t%t&i % sl&jbC 2are era s%2%tit %are2&@ @ai 'e @s&ra
'&teril%r @ele4 -i sl&jbaC 2e @i se i@'&seC *r a *i ntrebat (a2 @i 2%nAine a& n&C era a2eea
(e bibli%te2ar Ia Ae2Bea bibli%te2 Bateane&@ (in Alba<I&lia4 Bibli%te2a a2easta @agBiarC
e'is2%'al la %rigineC n*iinat (e<&n 'rin2i'e al biseri2ii 2at%li2e i @are 2rt&rarC n2 (in
se2%l&l al X!III<leaC *&sese tre2&t a2&@ (e 2&rn( n 'atri@%ni&l stat&l&iC al stat&l&i r%@NnC
2are s<a trans*%r@at n& (e @< (in @%narBie n re'&bli2 K'%'&larL4 Bibli%te2a are b&n&ri
rare (e % (e%sebit i@'%rtan i i ntreine % an&@e n(re'tit *ai@ e&r%'ean (at%rit
n(e%sebi KC%(i2el&i (e a&rLC &n eAangBeliar (in se24 al IX<leaC a(@irabil il&strat i s2ris n
ntregi@e 2& litere (e a&r4 +reb&ie s<@i ns&es2 a2&@ abilitile i s&btilitile &n<ai n%i
@eserii4 n Aia a@ *%st &r@rit (e<a l&ng&l &n&i s*ert (e Aea2 (e a2est (estinC (e a<@i
s2Bi@ba @ere& 're%2&'rile 'r%*esi%nale4 InterAenin( 2& inter@iten n 2%n(iiile @ele
%@enetiC s%arta s<a ngrijit s IU# @ an2Bil%DeD n ni2i &na (in @eseriile 2e @i<a *%st (at s le
(e'rin(4 Neatrib&in( Are% i@'%rtan 'r%*esi&nil%r @<brie(te i neate'tn( (e la ele (e2t
s<@i asig&reC (e bineC (e r&C trai&l (e t%ate DileleC 'riAea@ n%&a s2Bi@bare 2& &n senti@ent
(e ne'sare4 N& @<a n2er2at ni2i @2ar senti@ent&l (e &@ilire i (e jignireC 2are 'e alii i
t&lb&r 'n la (e@%raliDareC 2n( se A( a(&i n sit&aii (e atare nat&r4 !rea& s s'&n 2 n&
@<a@ si@it 2t&i (e '&in rAit sa& @%rali2ete rst&rnatC 2 era@ @'insC 7 2& *r&@&el&lC
(e la 're%2&'ri (e nalt niAel intele2t&alC 2&@ era& 2ele &niAersitareC la tre'te (e si@'l
teBni2 intele2t&al i %are2&@ la K@&n2a (e j%sL4 M&n2 K(e j%sL era n&@it (e la % Are@e
%ri2e @&n2C 2e 2%nstit&ieC (&' (%2trina %*i2ial a stat&l&iC baDa %ri2rei @&n2i s&'eri<
.0>
%areC (e Ks&'ra<str&2t&rL4 5aF (e niAel&l @&n2ii @ele intele2t&ale (e 'n a2iC n& '%tC *ireteC
s s%2%t @&n2a bibli<%te2reas2 (e2t 2a % @&n2 K(e j%sL4 n alt 'ers'e2tiAC a2east @&n2
'%ate s *ie 're&itC t%t&iC 2a *iin( (e nalt niAelC 22i s're sit&aii ai(%@a a2eleiaC n 2are a@
aj&nsC aAansa& a2&@ n ierarBia @&n2ii4 rJL ia alte bibli%te2i '&bli2e (in arC *%ti *riDeri sa&
ti'%gra*i4
O(at Ke'&ratL (e la &niAersitatea ieeanC Le%nte )tra2& s<a stabilitC 're2&@ a@ artatC n
sat&l n%str& (e %brie4 Le%nte a *%st n @%@ente 2r&2iale ale Aieii n& rare%ri n2er2at (e
instin2t&l Knt%ar2eriiL4 Ulti@a sa nt%ar2ere '&tea s aib (iAerse se@ni*i2aii4 a '&tea s *ie
% nt%ar2ere (in ist%ri2 n 'reist%rieC n2 AieC a sat&l&iC (ar ea '&tea s *ie i % nt%ar2ere n
ne*iina (inainte (e natere4 n (%r&l (e nt%ar2ere se '%ate &ne%ri (es2i*ra i (%r&l (e a n& @ai
*i4 Le%nte esteC (e la % Are@eC s&'&s&l l a2est&i (%r (% nt%ar2ereC4 n 2are se '%ate gBi2i (%r&l
(e a n& @ai *i4 Le%nte s<a ex'ri@at ntr<a(eAr att *a (e @ineC 2t i *a (e ali 'rieteni 2 se
si@te trin( 2a % *iin 2& (estin&l 2&r@at4 Ne s'&nea Le%nte 2n(Aa 2 si@@nt&l existenei
ar *i s&*erit n el &n *el (e re(&2ie4 l se si@teC 2a &@breleC n& t%2@ai n Ha(esC (ar 'rin
a'r%'iere4
La &@bra b&t&r&gil%r (e sal2ie ne<a@ in*%r@at &n&l 'e alt&l as&'ra 2%n(iiil%r n 2are aAea@
s l&2r@ (e a2i nainte4 A*lase@ n2 @ai (e @< 2 Le%nte *&sese angajat s l&2reDe Kn
a2%r(L 'entr& &n n%& instit&t (e *il%D%*ie (e la B&2&reti4 I s<a& 2ir2&@s2ris (%@eniile (e
2er2etareC i s<a& *ixat te@ele4 +%ate 'riAes2 se2%le (e'rtate4 Ast*el i n 2er2etrile saleC
Le%nte a *%st n(r&@at s're % Knt%ar2ereLC s're % nt%ar2ere n tre2&t&l ist%ri2C 2are '&tea s
*ie 'entr& el &n @e(i& negrit @ai 'rielni2 (e2t 'reDent&l4 Ai(entC 2el 2e se nt%r2ea n tre2&t
n& @ai era Le%nte 2i (%ar % &@br 2are l&2ra Kn a2%r(L4 I s<a 2er&t s s2rie % ist%rie a gn(irii
r%@NnetiC n se2%lele (e njgBebare a literat&rii4 Ast*el ar treb&i s s2%at la iAealC (in latena
eiC gn(irea *il%D%*i2 a 2r%ni2aril%r n%tri4 Le%nte treb&ie s &r@reas2 gn(irea r%@Nneas2
n ti@'&l re*%r@ai&niiC i(eaia i@'li2at (e iniiatiAele (e a tl@2i i (e a ti'ri ale l&i
C%resi4 Ar *i &r@at 2a Le%nte s s2%at la l&@inC (e la % e'%2 la altaC 'n n aj&n&l n<ti&l&i
rDb%i @%n(ialC *il%D%*iaC i@'li2it 2&'rins n a2te
.0Y
literare sa& n *a'te '%liti2OC % 'r%ble@C 2e s%li2it @< atenie i *in (is2ern@nt4 L%%nte
@i @rt&risete 2 e'%2ileC 2e le s2r&teaDC snt *r n(%ial 'line (e interes4 L&2rrile 2e i s<
a& 2%@an(at treb&ies2 ns *2&te ntr<% 'ers'e2tiA i@'&s (in a*ar4 N& n2a'e n(%ial 2 i
n a2east 'ers'e2tiAC i@'&sC se '%t '&ne n la@ina &nele *ee ale ist%riei n%astre4 +%t&iC
%ri2e 2er2etare ntr<% atare 'ers'e2tiA (es'%aie *en%@en&l ist%ri2 (e 2%@'lexitatea sa
gen&in4 As'e2tele ist%ri2eC %ri2t (e Aeri(i2 ar *i '&se n l&@inC a'ar ntr<% 2er2etare
&nilateralC 2&@ este a2eea a @aterialis@&l&i ist%ri2C si@'list s2Be@atiDate4 Din %ri2e
ase@enea 'reDentare rnjete % 2ari2at&r a *en%@en&l&i ist%ri24
KA@ st&(iat n(ea'r%a'e (%2trina %*i2ial a @aterialis@&l&i ist%ri2LC @i s'&ne Le%nteC Ki
2&n%s2 i(eaia i teBni2a4 -i<i 2&n%s2 i slbi2i&nileC '&n2tele (e @in%r reDisten4 N& ti&
(a2 A%i @ai aj&nge Are%(at sa *a2 % ex'&nere 2riti2 a @aterialis@&l&i ist%ri24 DarC 'ar2 a
(%ri4 C2i *il%D%*ia %22i(ental n& i<a l&at n2 %steneala (e a<l s&'&ne &nei 2riti2i seri%ase4
n a2east @'rej&rare treb&ie s 2&t@ &na (in 'ri2inile 2are *a2 2a @aterialis@&l ist%ri2 s
@ai re'reDinte % se(&2ie 2Biar 'entr& b&ne inteligene4 A@ aj&ns la 2%nAingerea 2 'rin si@<
'l bagateliDare n& se '%ate s&r'a % atare 2%n2e'ie4 O s i se 'ar &l&it%are &nele 'reri ale
@eleC (rag AxenteC (ar 9 s AeDi444 Materialis@&l ist%ri2 9 n& @i se 'are 2<t&i (e '&in 9
@aterialis@4 D&' 'rerea @ea 9 ntre @aterialis@&l (iale2ti2 i aa Dis&l @aterialis@ ist%ri2
exist % r&'t&r4 Materialis@&l ist%ri2 este % 2%n2e'ieC 2e are la baD ele@ente e@ina@ente
'siB%l%gi2eC iar n& @aterialitate4 Materialis@&l ist%ri2 re'reDint nen(%ielni2 % (%2trin
(es're ist%rie4 n *%n(C a2east (%2trin @i se 'areC nsC ntia 'siBanaliD (e a@'l%are
siste@ati24 ki se 'are 2i&(atC (ar aa este4 le@entele (e baDC esenialeC ale )siBanaliDeiC
a'ar ntia %arC *ireteC s&bt alte (en&@iriC n 2%n2e'ia aa Dis&l&i @aterialis@ ist%ri24 Cn(
a@ (es2%'erit a2est l&2r& @i<a@ Dis 3 'siBanaliDa 2&rentC 2& ea*%(aj&l ei (e ele@ente
2%nstit&tiAeC n& este % (%2trin &ni2C 're2&@ n2lina@ s 2re(C 2i @<i*%r@4 n2Bi'&<ie<i
AxenteC 2 ar *i 2& '&tin % serie in(e*init (e ='siBanaliDeT4 +%ate 'siBanaliDele '%sibile ar
aAea a2elai ea*%(aj (e ele@ente eseniale4 "e tie 2 )siBanaliDa 2&rentT
.08
a *%st 2%nstit&it n j&r&l instin2t&l&i sex&al4 a ne<a A%rbit (es're (%@inana a2est&i instin2t
i (es're *el&l 2&@ a2esta ne (eter@inC (in 'r%*&nDi@i in2%ntienteC t%at Aiaa 'siBi24
Ni sRa A%rbit b&n%ar (es're =Ais&riT< 2a ex'resie a a2est&i instin2t4 Ni s<a A%rbit (es're
=2reaii (e 2<&rT 2a ex'resii (e =s&bli@areT< a a2el&iai instin2t4 -i ni s<a atras (e attea %ri
l&area a@inte as&'ra =@til%rM 2e le @bra2 instin2t&l sex&al4 Attea a2te i atit&(ini ale
n%astre se =(e@as2MC la % analiD @ai n(ea'r%a'eC 2a (eriAaii se2rete ale instin2t&l&i
sex&al4 +reb&ie s re2&n%ate@ ns 2 )siBanaliDa sex&alitii n& este sing&ra 'siBanaliD4
C&n%ti (esig&r 2aD&l a2el%r 'siBanalitiC 2are n2ear2 s 'streDe ea*%(aj&l (e ele@ente al
'siBanaliDeiC @e2ani2a ei 2a atareC (ar 2ari nl%2&ies2 instin2t&l sex&al 'rin a2ela al
(%@inai&niiC al A%inei (e '&tere4 Ni@enea n<a re@ar2atC !n a2&@C 2 =@aterialis@&l
ist%ri2T a 2l(itC 2& (e2enii naintea 'siBanaliDei @%(erneC &n siste@ (e 'siBanaliD al &n&i alt
instin2t 3 al *%a@eiC al 2%nserArii4 Da2 'riAi@ @ai bineC (es2%'eri@ 2 @aterialis@&l ist%ri2
este n <i@a instan 'siBanaliDa a2est&i instin2t4 le@entele te%reti2e *&n(a@entale ale
@aterialis@&l&i ist%ri2 sntC n <i@ instanC 2ele ale )siBanaliDei 2&renteC n&@ai ter@enii
*%l%sii snt alii4 Materialis@&l ist%ri2 este )siBanaliDa *%a@ei4 Ne A%rbete @aterialis@&l
ist%ri2 (es're =baDaT %ri2r&i *en%@en ist%ri2C 2are ar *i relaiile (e 'r%(&2ie4 Dar n aa
n&@itele relaii (e 'r%<4 (&2ie se ex'ri@ (e<a (re't&l *el&l (e %rganiDare s%2ial a
satis*a2erii instin2t&l&i *%a@ei4 Ia sea@a a'%i la 2elelalte as'e2te4 Ceea 2e @%(ernii n&@es`
'r%(&s (e =s&bli@areTC a'are n Materialis@&l ist%ri2 @< nainteC s&b (en&@irea (e
=s&'rastr&2t&rT4 n 2reaiile (e 2<&r se ex'ri@C (&' 2%n2e'ia Materialis@&l&i ist%ri2C
in(ire2t i a(esea 2a@&*lat relaiile (e 'r%(&2ie ale s%2ietii ntr<% an&@e *aD (e (eDA%ltare4
,elaiile (e 'r%(&2ie re'reDint *%r@a s&bt 2are se %rganiDeaD s%2ietatea n Ae(erea
satis*a2erii instin2t&l&i *&n(a@ental al =*%a@eiT4 "2Be@a te%reti2 este a2eeai n )siBanaliDa
@%(ern 2a i n Materialis@&l ist%ri24 Materialis@&l ist%ri2 n& e (e<2t )siBanaliDa &n&ia (in
instin2tele *&n(a@entale ale %@&l&iL4 9 O re@ar2C as&'ra 2reia Le%nte reAeneaC era 2
)siBanaliDa n& este &na sing&rC ea ar *i @<i'l4
.0;
"&nt r%sibile attea )siBanaliDe 2te instin2te *&n(a@entale sta& la baDa Aieii4 x'li2aiileC 2e
Materialis@&l ist%ri2 le ( *a'tel%r ist%ri2eC *a2C 2el @ai a(eseaC i@'resia
&
n%r ex'li2aii
2ari2at&rale I (ar a2elai l&2r& se nt@'l si n 2aD&l ex'li2aiil%r 'e 2are )siBanaliDa 2&rent
le ( att%r *a'te 'siB%l%gi2e i ist%ri2e4 I@'resia (e K2ari2at&ralL n& 2%nstit&ie ns &n
s&*i2ient @%tiA 'entr& a bagateliDa a2este Kex'li2aiiL4 C& re'&(ierea '&r i si@'l& a a2est%r
Kte%riiL n<a@ *2&t n2 ni@i24 -jOLe%iAte 2%ntin& 3 KCa 'ri@ *%r@ siste@ati2 a
)siBanaliDeiC Materialis@&l ist%ri2 treb&ie exa@inat 2& (esArit seri%Ditate4 Cte &n @i2
a(eAr 2&'rin( t%ate )siBanaliDee '%sibile4 Materialis@&l ist%ri2 i (es2%'ere neaj&ns&rile
n&@ai 2n( ri(i2 'retenii (e ex2l&siAitateC (eAenin( (%g@ati24 D%2trinarii int%lerani i 2&
@intea ng&stC 2are trans*%r@ % 'ers'e2tiA i % i'%teD (e l&2r&C relatiA AalabileC n ar@ (e
l&'t s%2ialC 2a( @ere& n a2est '2atC a(&2n( n @are i@'as % i(ee as&'ra 2reia (is2&iile
snt 'n la &n '&n2t '%sibile4 +reb&ie s ne ine@ treji4 " aAe@ @ere& n Ae(ere @'rej&rarea
2 ist%ria are la baD n& &n sing&r instin2tC 2i t%ate instin2tele %@eneti4 +reb&ie s @ai ine@
sea@a i (eR&n as'e2t @ai *&n(a@ental (e2t a2estaC al ist%riei4 Instin2tele %@eneti n& *a2 ni<
2i%(at ist%rie *r (% 2%@'li2itatea att%r *a2t%ri (e nat&r s'irit&al4 Ori2e 'siBanaliDC 2e s<
ar a'li2a as&'ra *a'tel%r ist%ri2eC este 2%n(a@nat s r@n &nilateral4 Materialis@&l ist%ri2
n& '%ate *i 'riAitC (e2iC 2a<% ex'li2aie (e ansa@bl& a *en%@enel%r =ist%ri2eT4 D&' % s2&rt
ntrer&'ere Le%nte n2Beie 3 KMaterialis@&l ist%ri2 n& '%ate serAi (re't te@ei 'entr& al2t&irea
&n&i 'r%gra@ (e @i2are s%2ial4 ,@ne la n(e@na %ri2&i s a2%r(e % 're*erin &nei atari
(%2trineC (ar a2easta e % 2Besti&ne (e %'i&ne s&bie2tiA4 O @i2are s%2ial 2e se nte@eiaD
'e Materialis@&l ist%ri2C n& este n ni2i &n *el @ai an2%rat n =abs%l&tTC (e2t ar *i
eAent&alele @i2ri 2e ar '%rni (e la % 're*erin artat &nei alte )siBanaliDeL4 x'&nerile l&i
Le%nteC la &@bra b&t&r&gil%r (e sal2ieC aAea& (ar&l s<@i sting % sea@ (e ne(&@eriri4 N& 2
a *i *%st n2er2at Are%(atC @2ar 'asagerC (e n2linarea (e a atrib&i @aterialis@&l&i ist%ri2
Are% i@'%rtan4 )rea @<e era& reDerAele @ele a*e2tiAe *a (e a2east (%2trinC 2a s *i
al&ne2at 'e &n ase@enea (r&@4 Interes&l
.00 4
@e& 'entr& (%2trina n @ar n<a aj&ns s se@ene ni2i 'e (e'arte bare@ 2& interes&lC 2e era@
(is'&s s<l a2%r(C in 2a(r&l &n&i relatiAis@ (e 'rin2i'i&C %ri2rei te%rii sa& *il%D%*ii4
x'&nerile l&i Le%nte @ l@&rea& (e*initiA4 Arg&@ente @enite a Dg&(&i @aterialis@&l
ist%ri2C ale 2r&i 2%nse2ine 'ra2ti2e n2e'ea& sN ne trans*%r@e n s2laAiC arg&@ente att (e
2%nAingt%are n& a&Dise@C t%t&iC 'n n 2li'a a2easta4
K+reb&ie s te %steneti a2&@ @ai a(esea 'n n C@'&l 5r&@%aseiLC @i s'&ne Le%nteC
K@ b&2&r 2 ai *%st @&tat la Alba4 Cel '&in aa A%@ *i @ai a'r%a'e &n&l (e alt&L )ar2 s<ar
nt%ar2e b&nele Are@&ri ale 2%'ilriei i ale a(%les2enei4 -tii 2ine Aine (e la Alba<I&lia *%arte
a(esea 'n n C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC s @ A(ii HL KBn&ies2 9 (%a@na Ana ,are 7L KAi
AD&t<% la Alba HL
KDaC % (atC nt@'lt%rC 'e<% str(&C 2tre 2entr&4 A r@as nes2Bi@bat (e Aal&l Are@iiC
@i2a @in&ne (e la C'lnaL4
K!ine Ana a(esea s @ Aa(4 Min&nea ia a&t%b&D&l (e la AlbaC Aine (i@ineaa i se<nt%ar2e
s2araLC @ l@&rete Le%nte4 K"tNrn @< i (&@ini2al (e A%rb4 Are AnaC 2a ni2i % alt *iinC
(ar&l (e a te *a2e s te (e'eti4 Une%ri @ n2ear2 senti@ent&l 2 a2east nalt 'rietenie ar
'&tea s<@i restit&ie i (estin&l 2e @i<a *%st *&ratL4
M &it n grab la *r&ntea l&i Le%nte4 Un a'r%a'e i@'er2e'tibil relie* (e 'iele i %sC 2t %
*l%are (e 'ir%nC str&ie n2 a2%l% n @ijl%2&l *r&nii4 K!a str&i se@n&l 'n la &r@LFC @i
s'&n 'entr& @ine ns&@i4 K-i<at&n2i '%ate 2 rana se Aa (es2Bi(e (in n%&C 'entr& 2a s se
@'lineas2C t%t&iC (estin&lL4 C (%a@na Ana este 'entr& Le%nte 2eea 2e este 9 n& @ @ir4
)entr& @ine ns&@i Ana era *iina (es're 2are % s*ial a'r%a'e @agi2 @ %'rea s A%rbes2 2&
2ineAa4 De ani (e Dile Ana era *%2&l a@intiril%rC (&' 2are tnjea@4 I@aginea ei @i reAenea n
s&*let 2a %bsesia &n&i 2nte24 @'rej&rri '@nteti i attea %@eneti neaj&ns&ri s<a& aeDat
@ere& ntre n%iC inn(&<ne (e'arte &n&l (e alt&l4 -i ast*elC i@aginea D%a@nei Ana se 're*2&C
n2et&l 2& n2et&lC ntr<&n si@b%l al ina22esibil&l&i4 I@aginea s<ar *i (estr@at n &itareC (a2
n<ar *i *%st @ere& @'r%s'tat 'rin
:11
'riaE Araj4 De i@aginea Anei @ a'r%'ia@ 2& (&i%< 2t%( n2lina s as*ineas2 s&bt Darea
2&get&l&iC 2&
leaC 2n( se s&bli@a n si@b%l nlat (eas&'ra Aieii4 Cele @ai a(esea i2%ana ei era ns ntr<
a(eAr 2a &n 2nte2
e @<nb%lnAeaC 2a &n 2nte2 'e 2are n& 2&teDa@ s<l as2< 'rea @<C 2i<l lsa@ s trea2
'rin @ine 2aF% a(i<
ere
i 2a &n (&l2e Aenin4
n anii @ei (e strintateC (e str&it%are interi%riDare i nsing&rareC se a(&nase n @ine &n
2%'leit%r (%r Oe ar4 kara era 'entr& @ineC (esig&rC 'eisaj&l i a@intirileC grai&l i tre2&t&lC
sngele i (&B&l &n&i nea@ (e %a@eniC (e a2eeai %brieC 'rin @ii (e ani4 N&@ai Le%nteC 2areC
'e &n(e &@blaC 2%b%ra @ere& 'rin a(n2i@iC a ti&t s *a2 analiDa s'e2tral a (%r&l&i @e&4 l
sing&r a (ib&it 2a'a2itatea a*e2tiA 2e @%2nea n @ine4 -i ntr<% DiC @ai a2&@ 2iAa aniC el @i
s'&seC 2Biar n 'reDena (%a@nei AnaC 2 n (%r&l @e& (e ar (in ti@'&l 'eregrinril%r @ele
'e la @arginea (i'l%@aiei i 'e @eleag&ri strineC se a@este2a (%r&l (e 2ele @ai *ragile *'<
t&ri ale riiC (e n2 Kne2&n%s2&teleLC 2e ar *i '&t&t s *a2 2& (rag%stea l%rC s n*l%reas2 n
@ine s&'re@&l 2nte24 Ni2i at&n2i i ni2i a2&@ n& n(rDnea@ s<i @rt&rises2 l&i Le%nte 2t
(re'tate a aA&t4 N& n(rDnea@C 22i ar *i treb&it s<i s'&n a2&@ 2 ti@'&l r%(ni2iei a tre2&t4
N& n(rDnea@C 22i ar *i treb&it s<i s'&n 2 sing&ra a'ariie *e@ininC (es're 2are bn&ia@
2 ar rs'&n(eC 2a argint&lC Aibraiil%r @ele '%eti2eC a (eAenit 'entr& @ineC (in 'ri2ina
@'rej&rril%r '@nteti i a
@eneti neaj&ns&ri 9 si@b%l&l Ina22esibil&l&i4 Ase@enea gn(&ri i *r@ntri @ n2er2a&
n a2ele 2li'e la &@bra &n%r b&t&r&gi (e sl2iiC (ar ni@i2 (in t%ate astea ale @ele n& i<a@
tr(at l&i Le%nte4 Ca s<@i abat sing&r gn(&rile ntr<alt 'arteC i a@intes2 l&i Le%nte (e &nele
s2ene 'etre2&te n a2elai l%2C Ia '&nea (in -i<riniC n ti@'&l 2%'ilriei4
C4ki<a(&2i a@inte (e<&n 2&Ant 2D&t ai2iC tare (e lt H N%iC (%i Db&rlaniC ne n*iinaser@ ai2iC
tri@ii Oe<ai n%tri s Ae(e@ (e b%ii g%s'%(riil%r4 "l2iile ((&ser n n&iele 'r%as'eteC
glb&iC 2& *r&nDe a@r&i4 N& Ora& b&t&r&gi 2a a2&@4 "t@ la &@br4 Ur@rea@ 2& l&are
a@inte @el2iiC 2e<i inea@ n 'al@C i 2are i (es*&ra&C (in&ntr& n a*arC 2%rnieleC 'n
se iAea&
:1.
%2Bii (in ele4 +e<a@ ntrebat 3 %are b%ii (e 2e n&<i I
Ul
%2Bii n Ar*&l 2%arnel%r 2a @el2ii H
ntrebarea @ea 2%'ijC reas2 te<a @irat i i *2&se BaD4 Cte n<a& tre2&t (%<at&n2iC ntre2n(
%ri2e n2Bi'&ire 7 -i n& ne @ai @ir@4 <Ne<a@ (eD@irat4 D%& rDb%aie @%n(ialeC 2&
s&*erin( i
e
F i 2& Ae(eniile l%r 9 a& tre2&tC a(&rin( (&' ele 're*a2eri (e ne2reD&t4 -i<a2&@
a2est ti@' 2e rst%arn t%ate S %rn(&irile4 )%ate n2'ea atta Are@&ire ntr<% sing&rCL
Aiat H -i a@intirile n& s&nt 'rea @<e 'entr& % sing&r ini@ H !aiC 2te s&nt i 2t (e grele 7
-i 2e<a @ai Aeni H 9 UiteC 'e 4oseaua a2easta tre2ea@ 'e la n2e'&t (e se'te@brieC n .0E14
2n( +ransilAania *&sese tiat n (%&C i n%iC 2ei (e la Cl&j *&r@ silii s ne re*&gie@ la
"ibia +re2ea@ 'e<ai2iC n 2abina &n&i 2a@i%nC 'e 2are @i j n2&r2ase@ t%at
g%s'%(ria i t%t 2alabal2&l4 Mi<a@ .' a@intit i at&n2iC la a2east 2%tit&r (e (r&@ s2ene
(in 2%%llrie4 2& '&tin s *i@ (es'rii 'rintr<&n 'eri te aFt (e %'a2 (e 2ele Aiit%are H Da2
at&n2i n 2%'ilrieC @3<4J4r *i artat 2ineAa t%t 2e se Aa nt@'la 'rin a2este
l%2&ri444L
CCDa2 i<ar *i artat 2ineAa t%ate 2e aAea& s se "nt@'leC n<ai @ai *i trit4 ntr<a(eArC 2el @ai
@isteri%s l&2r& 'rintre 2ele @isteri%aseC este a2est 'erete %'a2C '4 s ntre n%i i 2ele 2e se '%t
nt@'laC 'rin a2eleai l%<
b
e&riC 2n(AaC n Aiit%r4 Iat n 'reaj@ s'ai&lC s'ai&l 'in (e *a'te
i l&2r&riC 'e 2are le 2&'rin(e@ 2& %2iniC De 2e n& 2&'rin(e@ la *el i ti@'&l H 2&
ne'&tin% C4 te gn(eti la a2easta *r a te 2&tre@&raL4 Le(nte i 'iFr(&C iariC 'riAirileC 'e
&n(eAaC 'rin a(n2i@iC 'rin a(n2irni ae 2r%r (i@ensi&ni n& 2(ea& s&bt si@&iiFe @ele4 i
2&n%tea@ a2east 'riAire4 n2 (in 2%'ilrie 'riAea &ne%riC 2a 'ier(&tC n neti&te 'r'stii4
A2&@ 'riAete s're C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC s're ,'ile ,%iiC 2are s!arg C%asta Mare4 K"nte@
n2 *%arte 2%'iiC 2t ne @ai U ls@ n2er2ai (e *i%rii ti@'&l&iLC @ai a(a&g Le%nte4
K+ririle @eta*iDi2e ne 'streaD 2%'ii4 N&@ai <=realitileT ne @btrnes2LC i s'&n e&C
2&tn( s n(r&@ 'riAirile l&i Le%nte ntr<alt 'arteC a(i2 s i le s2%t (in K'r'stiiL4
-i a@ @ai stat (e A%rb &n 2eas4 (%&4 A'%i ne<ntM l&at r@as b&nC 2<% @briare *reas2C
n%i Kge@enii
.
n (&B4 -i<a@ '%rnit 'e a2elai (r&@C n (ire2ii %'&se
:1:
a@ (es'rit n& *r (e a ne nelege s ne ntlni@ ai a(eseaC a2&@ 2n( ntre 2ele (%&
l%2alitiC 2e 'e<a& 2&'rins existena ntre Alba i C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC ntre n%iC n& @ai era
(e2t % (istan (e .: c@4
6''
N&@ai *%arte aneA%ie aAea@ s @ %bin&ies2 2& at@%s*era i 2& %a@enii (in @i2aC Ae2Be
&rbe4 La @arginea (e 2tre M&re a %ra&l&iC 'e &n(e str(&e (e<% n*iare *%arte
'r%Ain2ial rs'&n( n 2@' (es2Bis gsir@C ntr<% 2as *r etajC &n a'arta@ent al2t&it (in
2teAa s2&n(e n2'eri4 A2iC s%ia @eaC e2%n%@isin( la @axi@&@ s'ai&lC Ar @%bilier&lC %
sea@ (e rariti @&DealeC i AaseC 2%A%areC &stensile (e ale g%s'%(riei4 )este t%t a2est
2alabal2 'l&tea 'ar2 &n bleste@ al @&tril%rC (e 2are n& @ai s2'@ i 2are ne<a '&rtat
@ere& (in l%2 n l%24 M%bila Kanti2L (e a&tenti2 stil bar%2 i bie(er@eierC 'e 2are ne<%
a(&naser@C 2& 'asi&ne grij&lieC 'e Are@&riC n strintateC treb&ia s<i gseas2 l%2 n 2teAa
n2'eri att (e @r&nte i j%aseC 2 a'r%a'e n& @ai lsa& aer i Aieii4 Obie2te g%s'%(retiC
lDi 2& 2riC 2ana'eleC etajere (e bibli%te2C (&la'&riC Fsttea& 2laie<gr@a(4 M%bilele 2e le
n(rgise@ n2 (in 2li'a a2BiDii%nriiC 2%@%(e (in se2%l&l al X!II<leaC % Aitrin Mria
+ereDaC s2a&nele Ae2Bi (e stejarC nalteC 2a (e stranC 2& n2r&staii Beral(i2eC n& @ai aAea&
ni2i 'e (e'arte s'ai&l ne2esar s're a 'r%(&2e n 'reaj@a l%r at@%s*eraC 2a le era 'r%'rie4
Agl%@erate i *r (e ni2i &n ra'%rt ntre eleC @%bilele a& n2etat s Ktrias2L4 !egeta& (%arC
s&*%2ate &nele (e 2elelalte4 C%A%arele (e 'e 'erei n& @ai era& ni2i ele % 'riAelite %(iBnit%are
'entr& %2BiC 22i n 2ea @ai @are 'arte se as2&n(ea& 'e (&' (&la'&ri4 -i 2ele 2teAa b&2i (e
K2%r(a se2aLC *aian l&DitanC 'e 2are a@ a2BiDii%nat<% 2n(Aa n strAe2Bi&l %ra C%i@braC
2Biar (in 2ate(rala n 2are s*nt&l Ant%ni& a sl&jit n tineree 2a (ia2%nC (is'rea a2%'erit (e
&l2ele banaleC n Aitrina Mria +ereDa4 Cele @ai @<e i @ai alese 2riC
:1/
legate n 'ieleC le 'stra@ 'rin 2%l&ri (e '%(C @'a2li
1
C tate n lDiC 'n(ite (e @&2egai4 Cre(
2 se 'rsea& a2&jO i %are2ii 'rin ele4 La *ie2are 'as i %2Bire (es2%'ereaO &rs&D i a2r&
2&@'lita ne'%triAire (intre interi%are O 2asa (e<% n*iare 2& t%t&l (eD%lant 'e (ina*ar4 ra
% 2as sit&at 2tre 2@'C ntr<% &li @rginaC &n(e l
H
ntile 'l%i se 'l@(ea @bel&gat
n%r%iC 'rin 2are se '&tea 2ir2&la (%ar 'e 2alaligi4 Casa nsi *r (e ni2i
%
F *%r@C &%r 'ieDi
(in 'ri2ina teren&l&i al&ne2%sC 2i
It
'rin t%ate as'e2tele ei 2a % inAitaie *2&t l%2ataril%r S
atenie 7 )rsii a2este l%2&ri 7 Cl(irea era %'era jalni2 a &r@i Di(ar si@'l& 2& 2&n%tine
(e 2lase 'ri@are4 Casa *&seseC (&' t%ate se@neleC Di(it (in @aterial strns la ntN@'lare sa&
@ai bine Dis *&rat 2r@i( 2& 2r@i(C grin( 2& grin(C 'erAaD (&' 'erAaD (e 'e la
(iAerse antiere (e 2%nstr&2ie4 le@entele 2l(irii era& @binate 2& % li's (e g&st 2e<@i
2%@&ni2a
N
% senDaie (e r&ine (e nesl'nit4 n alte @'rej&rri n<a *i intrat ntr<%
ase@enea 2l(ire ni2i s @ a('%stes2 (e<% aAersa (e 'ri@Aar4 A2&@ ne b&2&ra@ i ne
*eli2ita@ 2 aAe@ &n 2%'eri 'este 2retetele n%astre4 Cei 2e aA&r@ 2n(Aa n%r%2&l s l%2&i@
l&ngi seD%ane (e bas@ 'rin 2l(iri n (in % @ie i &na (e n%'iC sll&ia@ a2&@ n n%r%i4 n
n%r%i 'n n gt4 <
*
"%ia @ea intra t%t @ai @< n grijile g%s'%(rieiC I%anaC *ii2<@eaC *re2Aenta li2e&l4 ra n
&na (in 2lasele In*eri%are4 "2Bl@bn( 2%ala n <i@ele l&ni ale an&l&i 2%larC 2a nt@'ina
&nele (i*i2<i (e a(a'tare la @et%(i2a n%il%r 'r%*es%ri4 C& &nele e*%rt&riC era@ <sig&r ( aAea
s *a2 *a 2erinel%r 2%lare4
&C 2& %rar *ixC i 2& 2%n(i2 (e 'reDenC n2er2a@ s^ @ %bin&ies2 2& n%&a @ea sl&jb (e la
Batean2&@ Ur@a s @ %2&' n(ea'r%a'e (e %rganiDarea a2este bibli%te2i 2e tre2&se n& (`
@< n 'atri@%ni&l stat&l&i A2easta era CClinia @%artLC 'e 2are era@ @'insC 2a &t AeBi2&l
@e2ani2C 'entr& Aina (e neiertat (e a *i '%et&l b&rgBeDiei n '&tre*a2ie4 )%et&l b&rgBeDiei n
'&tre *a2ie 7 A2esta era e'itet&l 2el @ai '&in graAC 2e @i sU ar&n2a 'este &@rC 2ele @ai
a(eseaC n 'resa i n 'eriiMC (i2ele ti@'&l&i4 Criti2a literar se n2'na s n&<@ (es2%'ere
ni2i % 2ir2&@stan aten&ant4 'itet&l n& er^ t%2@ai in*a@antC (ar 'e @ine @ in(igna4 C2i
t%t ti@'U
:1E
2ele (%& rDb%aie aA&sese@ (e l&'tat 2& nenele<Ferea @asiA a Kb&rgBeDieiLC 2e 2&ta s @
'reDinte 2a K
e
&n '%et (e neneles4 DeAenise@C *r A%ieC i %are2&@ =este n%a'teC ex'%nent&l
liri2 2el @ai a&t%riDat i 2el @ai (e*i@at al &nei 2lase (estinat s se 'rb&eas24 B&rgBeDia
tr%Dnea ntr<a(eAr (in t%ate n2Beiet&rile s&bt %2Bii @ei 3 %ii2t a *i n2er2atC n& Ae(ea@
t%t&i 2e legt&r '&tea s existe ntre liri2a @ea i nite %a@eniC 2are
n
<% nelegea&4 Dar @
ntreb 3 era@ e& ntr<a(eAr <'&s 'e linie @%ai t 'entr& '%eDia @ea 2ali*i2at (re't K(e2a<
(entL i 'entr& esteti2a @ea Ki(ealistL H 5a't e 2 regi@&lC stat&lC l&a @s&ri (e a'rare
@'%triAa 'ri@ej(iei (e @%arte 2e '&tea s<i Aie (in 'artea '%eDiei @eleC 2are n& 2&'rin(ea
ns ni2i % sl%A (e nat&r '%liti2 7 n j&sti*i2area @s&ril%r 'rin 'retinsa K(e2a(enL sa&
'rin 2ri@inalitatea Ki(ealistL n& 'rea 2re(ea@4 H%trNt%areC 'entr& s%arta 2e @i se 2reaC a&
*%st n 'ri@&l rn( @%tiAele a(&nate n (%sar&lC 2e<@i '&rta n&@eleC i 2are t%t @ai @< Aa
ine l%2 (e K2eteanL4 D%sar&l @e& era (%l(%ra (e ns2%2irile in*a@e ale !iel&l&i (i'l%@ati24
5%st&l se2retar (e legaie era s&rsa 'rin2i'al (e in*%r@aii 2e se ti2l&ia& ntr<a(ins 2a s @i se
*rng glt&l4 A2esta era K@art%r&lL 2& sgeata %trAit4 A2esta '&sese 'e Brtie sl%Aa @arii
@in2i&ni 2 n <i@&l an al 2arierei @ele (i'l%@ati2e a *i 'regtit regel&i Car%l 2%n(iiile
'entr& % eAent&al eAa(are i 'entr& &n Aiit%r exil4 Ca i 2&@ nainte (e iDb&2nirea 2el&i (e al
(%ilea rDb%i @%n(ial 2ineAa ar *i '&t&t s 'reAa( 2 D%@n&l rii Aa 'rsi 2n(Aa
@eleag&rile rii n 2%n(iiile n 2are a2easta aAea s se nt@'l24 A2esta eraC n a*ar (e
K(e2a(enL i Ki(ealis@LC 'rin2i'al&l '&n2t negr& (in (%sar&l @e&4 G%g%aa ieea n
ntregi@e (in i@aginaia !iel&l&i (i'l%@ati2C 2are inea s se rDb&ne 2& ntrDiere 'entr&
&@ilirea n(&rat 'entr& @atra'aDl2&rile sale (e la Legaie4 Mai aAea@ ns i altele la (%sar4
@'rej&rarea 2 s2&rt ti@' (&' n2Beierea rDb%i&l&i n& a@ 2e(at 'resi&nil%r @%rale (e a @
ns2rie ntr<&n n%& 'arti(C 2e se (e@as2a sing&rC 2Biar (e la n*iinareC 2a si@'l @as (e
@aneAr la (is'%Diia 'arti(&l&i 2%@&nistC 2(ea gre& n 2&@'n n (e*aA%area @ea4 La *el
2(ea& n 2&@'n a&r&l 2e @i l<a& (r&it AlA2le (in M&nii A'&seni i 'retinsele legt&ri
2& e@igranii
:1>
Ktr(t%riL4 Da2 n<ar *i *%st a2este '&n2te negre la (%< F sarC 'r%babil 2 n& aj&ngea@ aa (e
re'e(e 'e lini
e
@%artC %ri2t (e (e2a(ent ar *i 'r&t '%eDia @ea j %ri2t (e i(ealist
esteti2a literar4 A2estea era& 2teAO (in *eele sit&aiei4 ra& ns i alte as'e2te 2areC 2&
glas 2e<i (re't *%arte stinsC A%rbea& n *aA%area @r
a
C Intre 2ele (%& rDb%aie iDb&tise@ s<@i
*a2 &n n&@H i (in2%l% (e B%tareC n& 2a (i'l%@atC 2i '&r i si@'l& 2a '%et4 !ers&ri (e ale @ele
s<a& tra(&s n 2ele @ai @<% li@bi e&r%'ene i 2Biar n t&r2 i ebrai24 )iese (e teatr& (e ale
@ele se re'reDentaser 'e s2ene n alte riC Oa@enii Dilei n& se lsa& 2t&i (e '&in
i@'resi%nai (e &n atare ni@b I t%t&iC n @s&rile 2e se l&a& *a (* @ineC interAeneaC %ri2t (e
2nit 2& *&ningine i(ealistC %ri2t a *i @ir%sit a jeg b&rgBeDC % *rn4 ra@ a(i2 *r&@&el
aeDat 'e linie @%artC (ar n2 n& n*&n(a@ '&2ria alt&ri (e K2ri@inalii (e rDb%iL4 In
'riAina a2easta % @i2 'aranteD4 )e Are@&riC (i'l%@aii gala<xiei n%astre se 2Dnea&C 'e la
Liga Nai&nil%r (e Ae<ni2 '%@enireC s (ea % (e*iniie Kagres%r&l&iL4 CaDnaF s<a
@'%t@%lit n abstra2i&ni 'lat%ni2e4 Di*i2<ile ine<rente (e*inirii agres%r&l&i s<a&
s%l&i%nat n&@ai @ai trDi& i a2easta n 2Bi' 'ra2ti2 3 la n2e'&t&l &n&i rDb%i n& se '%ate
ni2i%(at stabili 2ine este agres%r&lC (arM la s*rit r@ne agres%r 2el 2e 'ier(e rDb%i&l4 La iZ
aAea s se s%l&i%neDe i 2Besti&nea 2ri@inalitii (e rD<[ b%i4 D&' al (%ilea rDb%i @%n(ial
K2ri@inalii (e rDb%iL s<a& ales 2ei 2e a& 'ier(&t rDb%i&l4 Categ%rie n%&iL a (re't&l&i 'enalC
2ri@inalitatea (e rDb%iC a (eAenit (&' 2a'it&larea (in a&g&st .0EEC &n @%tiA i &n 're<O
textC n n&@ele 2r%ra aAea& s *ie %sn(ii la n2Bis%ari grea 'e Aia @ii (e %a@eniC ale 2r%r
n&@eC (e %bi2e (e n%t%rietateC ieea& la iAeal 2a la &n j%2 (e l%terie la 2are 'arti2i'a t%at
ara4 N%&a 2ateg%rie a (re't&l& 'enal (eAenea nsC (&' @'rej&rriC i &n 'retext 'en tr& a
ar&n2aC *r (e ni2i &n 'r%2esC n be2i&riC atii neAin%Aai sa& si@'li in(eDirabili 2are 'entr&
Ainile I% n<ar *i *%st (e@ni ni2i 2Biar (e K'&rgat%ri&L4 +%t i @&li %a@eniC @ai Art%s *%ti
Knai%nalitiLC (e &n %T rei2are niAel intele2t&alC (ar i (e a2eia 2ari a& j&2O r%l&riC %ri2t (e
nense@nateC n Aiaa '%liti2 a r* era& strni (e 'e la AetreC 'rin ri(i2ri @asiAe n 2teM
.
:1Y
j'g&r n%a'te s're a *i DArlii n n2Bis%riC sa& (&i la =&nea *%ratLC a2easta 'e baDa &n%r
si@'le i s&@are B%trri a(@inistratiAe4 N& se @ai %stenea ni@enea ni2i @2ar s salAeDe
a'arenele j&ri(i2e4 Cei @ai @&li (intre a2eti se@eniC tri n n'astC era& in&i n t%tal
netiin 2& 'riAire la 'ri2ina (e2(erii l%r (in %ri2e (re't al %@&l&i4 A'r%a'e t%i 2ei 2e ntr<
&n *el re'reDentaser 2n(Aa Kb&rgBeDiaL sa& K2Biab&ri@eaL era& tri@ii7
n
Aa
l
UI
LiJ s<i *a2
Kstagi&lL n 2ele @ai 2&@'lite 2%n(iii (e (eteni&ne sa& (e @&n2 *%rat4 n be2i&riC (ein&ii
snt 2%nstrni s<i @nn2e es2re@en<tele sa& s bea n l%2 (e a' &rina 'aDni2il%r4 D&' @<
'linirea stagi&l&i &nii @ai s2a'C i aj&ng (in n%& Ln ale AieiiC st%ri (e s&*let i (e <i@&l
str%' (e Alag4 "'ai&l (e a*ar e ns t%t &n @%r@nt4 AneA%ie '&teai s a*li (e la a2eti
Ks2'aiLC a(e'i ai @&tis@&l&iC 2te 2eAa (es're @&tr&l&ielileC *%a@eaC btileC s2Bingi&irileC
b%lileC 2Bin&rile i &@ilinele n(&rate 'entr& ni@i2 sa& 'entr& AiniC &ne%ri @ai *i2tiAe 2Biar
(e2t te%l%gi2&l '2at str@%es24
CBiar a (%&a DiC (&' 2e @i l&ase@ n 'ri@ire n%&a sl&jb la bibli%te2a Bateane&@C se
n*iina n bir%&l @e& &n @e(i2C 2are<i @nt&ise stagi&l4 D%rea s @ 2&n%as24 @i
@rt&risea 2 a *%st %'rit % lea2C a(i2 Are% 'atr& aniC 'rin '&rgat%rii (e (iAerse gra(e4 A
s2'at tea*r (at%rit %asel%r sale tariC 2e<a& reDistat t&t&r%r &neltel%r (e t%rt&r4 Me(i2&l ar
Area s<i reia a2tiAitatea n @i2a &rbe 2& &n att (e te@eini2C (ar n(e%bte ne2&n%s2&t tre2&t
ist%ri2C (ar n& i se ng(&ie n24 Me(i2&l tre2e (e2i 'e la bibli%te2C (intr<&n interes %are2&@
grat&it4 Cer2eteaD an&@e in*%lii @&2egite n legt&r 2& ist%ria @e(i2inii4 La Bateane&@ se
gsete ab&n(ent @aterial (%2&@entar n a2est se2t%r4 Ne Ae(e@ Dilni2 i &n *el (e 'rietenie
n2e'e s se n*iri'e ntre n%i4 Me(i2&l Lae Ni2&laeC 22i a2esta i e n&@eleC naltC %s%sC are i
&n s'irit *%arte as2&it4 CineAa @ in*%r@a 2 %@&l i 2reaseC nainte (e a tre2e 'rin
n2Bis%rile ale 2r%r rig%ri i Aenea& 2a 'e @s&rC &n 'restigi& (e 'ri2e'&t i 2%ntiin2i%s
'r%*esi%nist4 "e 'are ns 2 a@biiile sale intes2 @ai (e'arte I a@biiileC (a2 n 2aD&l s& se
'%ate
A
%rbi (es're a@biii n sens %bin&it4 l 're%2&' 'r%<
:18
ble@e n legt&r 2& @e(i2inaC 'e 2are 'retin(e 2 ar *j (es2%'erit<% n Ks*nta s2ri't&rL4
D%2t%r&l Lae Ni2&lae 'retin(e 2 n BiblieC n !e2Bi&l 2a i n N%&l +esta@entC s<ar gsi i
<i@&l 2&Ant al @e(i2inii @%(erne4 ntr<&n 2eas (e (is'&tC n bir%&l @e& (e la Bateane&@C
n2 (es<t&l (e tnr&l @e(i2 Un& are @ai @< (e /> aniV @ asig&ra n& t%2@ai (e @<C 2&
'er%raii 2a (e la a@A%nC 2 n 'aginile Kseri't&raleLC 2&@ i 'la2e s s'&nC ar *i (es<2%'erit
2Biar i )siBanaliDa4 A*ir@aia n& @ s&r'rin(eaC 22i tia@ 2 %@&l 2re(e n KreAelaiiL4 n
(is2&ii (%2<torul '&ne % (e%sebit Aig%are i % l%gi2 (e<% stringent ex2e'i%nalC (ar
t%2@ai (e a2eea 2a@ s&s'e2t4 Lae Ni<2&lae are i &n *el (e *il%D%*ie a sa4 A 2itit @< nainte
(e a tre2e 'rin rig%rile K'ensi&nil%rL I n rsti@'&l (eteni&nii n<a @ai 2ititC (ar a gn(it 2&
%2Bii n taAan4 C%n2e'ia sa (es're l&@e i Aia e stri2t 2retinC te%l%gi2C n 2&rs&l
(is'&tel%r 2are (e *ie2are (at a@enina s n& se @ai ter@ineC @ s&r'rin(e iari i iari 'rin
2%nse2Aena i@'ert&rbabil a gn(irii sale4 Me(i2&l 'r%ble@atiDeaD ra(i2al t%t&lC aAn( %
sing&r 2ereas2 2ertit&(ineC 'e a2eea a s*inil%r 'rini i a sin%a(el%r e2&@eni2e4 l se
*r@nt n 2ele ale (&B&l&iC (arC 2&ri%s are n*iarea &n&i 2rai b&2&retean4 +riete 2a &n
as2etC i se l&'t 2& (e@%nii sex&alitii4 Lae Ni2&lae @i @rt&risete @<e (in *r@ntrile
saleC (e 2are @i se 'are 2 *a2e t%t&i 'rea @< 2aD4 ste a(i2 &n in(iAi(&alist %rg%li%sC n& &n
s&*let 2& a(eArat s@erit4 I<arn s'&s %(atC 2a@ %b%sit (e (is2&iiC 2 l%2&l s& n& e 'rintre n%iC
2i 'e M&ntele AtB%sC ntr<&n *&n( (e 'r'astieC sa& 'e<&n Ar* (e stn2C &n(e se '%ate aj&ngeC
(ar (e &n(e n& @ai '%i 2%b%r4 KDaLC @i rs'&n(e Lae Ni2&laeC K(ar n2 n& snt (est&l (e
tare 'entr& aa 2eAa4 n @ine se ( n2 l&'ta 2& (ra2iiLF4
Kneleg (ile@a (<taleC (ar (a2 n<% iei s're AtB%sC at&n2i Aa treb&i s te @'a2i ntr<&n *el 2&
(ra2iiLC ii s'&n e& l&i Lae Ni2&lae4 Kn alternatiA n& '%i s str&i 'n la 2a't4 O ase@enea
*r@ntareC 'rel&ngit in(e*initC te (&2e 'e '@nt ster'4 Da2 te Aei @enine 'b[ linia
2%nse2Aenei te%l%gi2eC Aei aj&nge la extaDele at%<riite4 Da2 ns n& ai tria &nei atari
2%nse2AeneC Aei *i
:1;
neA%it s te Frnna2i n 2e
.
O (in &r@ 2& r%s&i4 Ce%a 2e n<ar treb&i sN le s'erieC 22i i
r
Os&lj/Ojebj'OjOIeit%43 2n( a'&2 'e (r&@&l 2reaiei4 A
3
a 2&@ @i te n*ieDiC @ere& la
rs2r&2eC Aei ter@ina n sterilitate4
KAi s'&s 9 =2reaieT H Creaia n& este &n (r&@ 'entr& n%i %a@enii4 Creaia s<a ter@inat n
Di&a a aseaL4 ,e'li2aC 2e @i<% ( Lae Ni2&lae e att (e 'r%@'tC n2t n& '%t 2re(e 2 i<a
*%r@&lat<% n a2est @%@ent4 l a 2ntrit is'itele a2estei 'r%ble@eC n2 (eC @at nainte4 )n
a2i <@ergea aa(ar Lae Ni2&lae 2& te%l%gia saC @i (a 2& a2easta n2 % (%Aa( 2& 'riAire la
2%nse2Aena gn(irii sale4 -i 2a s n&<@i r@n (at%r 2& ni@i2C Lae Ni2&lae @i @ai s'&ne 2
n @ine el Ae(e &n (e@%niDatC (e%are2e @<a *i B%trt 'entr& % existen 2reat%are4
K"e '%ateLC i rs'&n(C Kn&@ai 2tP a2east existen n& se (es'rin(eC4 nr&2t @
OiAeeO(inLOOF$o/aXe5 a @j `ste 2r%ni2CL4
A@ a*latC (&' @<e %2%l&riC i n b&n 'arte (e la 2&n%s2&i (e<ai siC 2&@ a aj&ns Lae
Ni2&laeC 2el tras 2a 'rin inelC sAelt&lC %s%s&lC s *ie @&tr&l&it (e<a b&<ilea 'rin n2Bis%ri4
+atl @e(i2&l&i a *%st 're%t %rt%(%x ntr<&n sat (in n%r(&l +ransilAaniei4 Cn( n%r(&l +ran<
silAaniei a *%st 2e(at Ungariei 'rin (i2tat&l (e la !ienaC tatl l&i Lae Ni2&lae a *%st &2is (e
2iAa l%2alni2i &ng&riC &2is n 2Bi' *i%r%s 'entr& si@'la sa 2alitate (e 're%t AalaBC i a2easta
2Biar n 'ri@ele Dile (&' %2&'area in&t&l&i (e 2tre ar@ata l&i H%rtBe4 La s*rit&l 2el&i (e al
(%ilea rDb%i @%n(ial +ransilAania *& reintegrat n B%tarele 'atriei n%astre4 Lae Ni2&laeC
rent%rs (in re*&gi& la Cl&jC se re'eDi ntr<% Di 'n n sat&l 'rintes24 !%ia s n2er2e a
(es2%'eri 'e &2igaii tatl&i s&4 Cin2i ani (&' *a'tC Lae Ni2&lae A%ia s &rneas2 'r%2es&l
&2igail%rC 2are tria& liberi4n2C (ei era& ti&i4 Lae Ni2&lae A%ia s a@inteas2 &2igail%rC
2 *a'tele @ai a& i % is'ire4 C&@ s<a *2&tC 2&rn n&C %@&l 2are n& A%ia s lase ne'e(e'sii
'e asasiniiC trin( n B&D&rC ai tatl&i s&C se '%@eni arestat (e n%ile a&t%riti l%2ale4 N%ile
a&t%ritiC (ei era& n%iC 2%ntin&a& s *ie t%t &ng&reti4 le era& ns 2%@&nisteC (&' ti'ar&l
e'%2ii 2e n2e'ea4 Lae Ni2&lae *& arestatC si@'l& n&@ai 'entr& Aina (e a *i 2er&t s se *a2
2er2etri 'entr& i(enti*i2area asasinil%rC
:10
'e 2are (e alt*el t%i steniiC i @ai ales r%@NniiC i arta& 2& (eget&l4 Me(i2&l n& era @inat (e
gn(&l Are&n'i rDb&nriC 2i (%ar (e 2%ntiina legii i a (re'tii4 l 2re(ea 2 2ea @ai
ele@entar eti2 s%2ial 2ere i(enti*i2area &n%r &2igaiC a2easta @ai Art%s 2 t%at s&*larea
(in sat i (in @'rej&ri@i i tia 3 asasinat&l (in .0E1C a 2r&i Ai2ti@ a *%st &n 're%tC 2&n%s2&t
'entr& Are(ni2ia saC n t%at +ransilAaniaC se sArise la l&@ina Dilei i n AD&l att%r @art%riC
2are @ai era& i a2&@ n Aia4 Ca &n si@'t%@ al rst&rnrii 2riteriil%rC i al (e@%raliDrii 2e
'&stia ara (e la K2a'it&lareL n2%a2eC treb&ie a@intit n legt&r 2& 'aniile l&i Lae Ni2&lae
&n in2re(ibil a@n&nt4 A&t%ritile l%2aleC 2%@&nisteC aAea& s ri(i2e 'e &2igaiC (ar la *el
aAea& s<l aresteDeC a2&@C i 'e Lae Ni2&aeC 'e r%@Nn&l 2are A%ia s '%rneas2 'r%2es
@'%triAa asasinil%r @agBiari ai tatl&i s&4 A@n&nt&l in2re(ibilC la 2are @ re*erC n& este
ns a2esta 2BiarC 2i &n alt&l4 Me(i2&lC %(at arestatC a 2&tatC 2iirn era *ires2C s a*le @%tiA&l
'entr& 2are a *%st arestat4 ,eD<at&l Dbaterii sale a *%st 2 el se treDi 2& % (es2%'erire
'&stiit%are (e s&*let4 Lae Ni2&lae (es2%'erea a &n @%@ent (at 2 2e#&la nt&ne2at a
n2Bis%riiC n 2are aAea s stea &n an ntregC % @'rea 2& asasinii tatl&i s&4 Ase@enea
n*iare l&a (e2i (re'tatea (&' n%&a legi&ire4 Asasinii era& rani &ng&ri4 5i&l 2el&i asasinat
era r%@Nn4 C%i (inti era& Ain%Aai (e &n asasinatC 2e aAea la r(2ina '%rnirea %Ain I 2el (in
&r@ eraC i elC KAin%AatLC (e aij(erea (e % 2ri@ 3 i se '&nea nF sar2in a2eeai '%rnire
K%AinL4 D&' 'rerea n%il%r a&t%riti 9 n& 2%ntiina @%ral i (rag%stea *ilial l
n(r&@a& 'e Lae Ni2&lae s 2a&te a<i i(enti*i2a 'e asasiniC 2i &ra4 Ura 9 (intre nea@&riC &ra
2e n& @ai treb&ia 2 (in&ias2 'e *aa '@nt&l&i4 Asasinii 2a i %@&l n%str&C 2are 2&ta
(re'tateaC se *2ea& (e2i Ain%Aai (e a2eeai 2ri@inal atit&(ineC (e %Ainis@ I ei @erita& 'rin
&r@are a2erai 'e(ea'sC i (e%'%triA 2ea @ai grea I A%r 2%nAie&i 2teAa an%ti@'&ri n
a2eeai 2el&l a n2Bis%riiC 2a s<i neteDeas2 'e n2et&l as'eritile s&*letetiC i a2esta 2&
re2i'r%2itate4 i n2Bi'&ie %ri2ine 2Bin&rile @%rale ale @e(i2&l&iC 2%nstrns s n(&reC elC 2el
*r ni2i % AinC (eteni&neaC n t%Aria &2igail%r tatl&i
:.1
s&4 Aa era '&s la n2er2areC 2a ni2i%(at nainteC 2%ntiina (e 2retin a l&i Lae Ni2&lae4 -i
2n( te gn(eti 2 in2ali*i2abila @s&r a n%il%r a&t%ritiC '&tea s *ie inter'retat i alt*el 3
a(i2 'e linia (iAinel%r 'reAe(eri4 Aj&ns n atare sit&aieC j s<a @ai @t@'lat l&i Lae Ni2&laeC
*%arte 2&rn(C s se Aa( neA%it a (a aj&t%r @e(i2al asasinil%r tatl&i s&4 A2etia se
@b%lnAea& 'e 2a'eteC 'ar2 ntr<a(ins 2a biata 2%ntiin (e 2retin a l&i Lae Ni2&lae s *ie
2t @ai a'sat '&s la n2er2are4 DaC aa a& Aenit ntr<a(eAr t%ate a2este l&2r&ri4 " ne @ai
@ir@ 2 n 2&get&l l&i Lae Ni2&lae a n2e'&t s n2%leas2 bn&iala 2 el era ales 'entr&
attea 2aDne @%rale 2Biar (e D&@neDe&l t&t&r%r 2retinil%r H 7 ,eligi%s *&sese el 2res2&t n2
(e a2as4 Dar religi%s (eAenea el (e abia n @'rej&rrile (e ne2reD&t4 N& aAea Lae Ni2&lae
'entr& s&*let&l s& @<e (r&@&ri (e alesC (%ar (%& 3 neb&nia sa& religia4 l a ales religia4 N&
t%2@ai 2& ex2l&siAitate religia 2& Aal%rile ei i@'%n(erabileC (ar a'r%a'e4 A'r%a'e 3 22i
&ne%riC @ai rarC i(eile sale 'rea& &%r atinse (e @anie4 "'re a Ae(ea ns 2&@ n s'irit&l
s& interAineC 2a % gri@asC nt%rst&ra 2e a(&2e a @anieC treb&ie 2 s&r'rinDi n Lae Ni2&lae
@%@ent&lC 2n( 2%ntr%l&l (e sine 2e(eaD4 @i a@intes2 i (e<&n ase@enea Dg&(&it%r @e@ent4
x
C%nse2Aena 2& 2are Lae Ni2&lae &r@rete % i(eeC l%gi2a sa i@'e2abilC snt (e nat&r s te
*a2 s 2reDi n '%sibilitile sale (e 2@ (e tiin4 O@&l ar i '&t&t s (eAin &n ex2elent
2er2ett%r n &na (inM s'e2ialitile @ai legale (e 2%n2ret ale @e(i2inii4 ntr<% Di Lae Ni2&lae
@i ist%riseteC la &n 2% (e stra(C 2 n ti@'&l rDb%i&l&iC l&2rn( n 2lini2a (e interneC (e la
"ibi&C ar *i aj&ns la % i@'%rtant (es2%'erire @e(i2al4 )entr& % b%al %arei2are el a 'r%'&s
&n n%& trata@ent 2& extra2t (in<tr<% an&@e glan(C 2%@binat 2& n2 2eAa4 5%r@&la sa 9
lansat n2 (in ti@'&l rDb%i&l&i 9 era a2eea a &n&i @e(i2a@entC 2are 2iAa ani @ai a'%i
aAea s *ie en&@erat 'rintre is'rAile (e @are *ai@ ale @e(i2inii a@eri2ane4 Me(i2a@ent&l
a@eri2an (%bn(eteC s&bt n&@ele (e K2%rtiD%nLC CL larg i senDai%nal ntreb&inare in t%ate
rile n ti@' 2e Lae Ni2&lae se Dbate ani (e Dile n n2Bis%are 'entr& Aina (e a *i 2er&t
&r@rirea
:..
ig74 L%r tatl&i s&4 Des're @area 2&2erire a tiinei @e(i2ale a@eri2aneC Lae Ni2&lae a*l (e
abia a2&@C 2n( se '&ne (in n%& n 2&rent 2& 'r%gresele tiinei4 Dar n 2Besti&nea 2%rtiD%n&l&i
%@&l n%str& se 'reAaleaD 2& t%at 2%nAingerea (e % 'retins 'ri%ritate4 K" Ae(eiLC @i
%'tete elC 2a n tainC s2%n( % br%&iFi2C 2e % ti'rise ntr<a(eArC la "ibi&C n ti@'&l
rDb%i&l&iC i n 2are se A%rbea (es're extra2t&l 2& 'ri2ina4 Ar&n2 % 'riAire as&'ra *%r@&lei i
(a& (in 2a' 3 KDaC s<ar '&tea s *ie4 aa4 Ca&t<i (re't&lL4 K"nt B%trtLC &r@eaD Lae
Ni2&laeC Ks n2e' % a2i&ne4 +reb&ie s @i se re2&n%as2 'ri%ritatea a2estei (es2%'eriri
tiini*i2e4 !%i *a2e a'el 2Biar la *%r&l internai%nal (e la A@ster(a@C 2are (e2i(e n atari
2Besti&ni4 xist % sing&r (i*i2<ate4 Cei (e la A@ster(a@ se A%r ntreba bn&it%ri 2&@ se
*a2e 2 @ intereseD 2& atta ntrDiere (e (es2%'eririle @eleL4 KiC asta n<ar aAea % aa (e
@are nse@ntateLC n2er2 e& s<l 2%ns%leD4 KBa areLC rs'&n(e Lae Ni2&laeC K22i n 2e 2Bi'
a '&tea s ex'li2 strintii ntrDierea @ea H )%t e& s 2%@&ni2 2&iAa 2 a@ *%st in&t 'rin
be2i&ri ti@' (e 'atr& aniH N& '%t4 Dre't&rile L Area& s @i le 2er 'e 2ale %*i2ialC 22i 'rin
2%rtina (e *ier ni2i n& s<ar '&tea alt*el4 n @e@%ri&l 2e<l a(reseD @inister&l&i sntii n& '%t
s s2ri& ni@i2 (es're 2ei 'atr& ani (e t2ere4 Da2 a *a2e 2Biar i n&@ai % Aag al&Die la aa
2eAaC @inister&l n<ar (a @e@%ri&l&i @e& (r&@&l 'este B%tareL4
+%at a2east s2enC 2& i@'li2aiile eiC arat 2& 'ri<H s%sin n 2e 2%n(iii (e iD%lareC *a (e
&niAersC n2e'&ser@ s tri@ n a2eti ani (e %bt&rare a %riD%nt&ril%r intele2t&ale4 ntre n%i i
%22i(ent se lsase n2 (e @ai (e @< *ai@%asa 2%rtinC 'rin 2are ni2i % Aeste n& @ai '&tea s
trea2 ne2enD&ratC 2%rtina n 2are (intr<% 'arte ri2%a 'ani2a n *aa a(eAr&l&i i (in alta
l&@ina4
O@&l n%str&C '&nn( % (istan *il%D%*i2 ntre sine i agitaia saC se arat A(it 're%2&'at (e
(i*i2<ile 2e s<ar '&tea iAi n 2alea re2&n%aterii internai%nale a (re't&ril%rC 'e 2are @ie @i
le (%Ae(ete 2& % br%&r 'al'abil i 2& % *%r@&l ti'rit negr& 'e alb4 n 2li'a a2easta se
'r%(&2e n s'irit&l l&i Lae Ni2&lae &na (in a2ele <nt%rst&riC al 2r%r @art%r n& @ (%res24
Cli'a @ '&ne< n *aa gri@aseiC n *aa 2el%r @ai se2rete a&t%<rnatis@e 'siBi2eC n *aa @aniei4
"<a si@it (%2t%r&lC 'n
:.:
a(n2a%riC &r@rit '%ate 2& 'rea @are interes (in 'arte<@i H M &l&ise ntr<a(eAr 'asi&neaC
2e<% '&ne( n 'le(%aria 'ateti2 (es*&rat n *aA%area (re't&ril%r sale4 -i<ast*elC 'entr&
a (a 'r%babil &n a22ent @ai '&<*in 'ers%nal 'asi&nii sa& 'entr& a<i a2%'eri %rg%li&l U'e 2are
n t%ate (is2&iile n%astre l s%2%tea 2a &n @are '2atVC el a al&ne2at s're % stare (e Aigilen
s2D&tC s're % (estin(ere a 2%ntr%l&l&i (e sine4 )rin ase@enea &i l inAa(a @ania4 KN& e
'entr& @ineC (%@n&le 'r%* `g%rLC<Mse s@erete el n *aa @eaC n 2Bi' 2& t%t&l neate'tatC Ke&
n& @ai a@ ni2i % a@biie4 !rea& ns s se re2&n%as2 'ri%ritatea Mai2ii D%@n&l&i n a2east
'r%ble@ a tiinei @e(i2aleC 22i ea @i<a s&gerat *eri2ita i(eeC n ti@'&l 2n( era@ asistent la
2lini2a (e b%li interneL4 KDrag&l @e&LC l ntrer&' 2& bln(eeC Kn& ti& (e 2e a@este2i n
a2easl *%arte *r&@%as i interesant 2Besti&ne tiini*i2 9 'e Mai2a D%@n&l&i 7 "'er 2
n&<i a@inteti n&@ele i n @e@%ri&l 2e eti 'e 2ale (e a<l a(resa @inister&l&iC i ni2i n
@e@%ri&l 2e<l Aei tri@ite la A@ster(a@ 7
I
F KN&C asta A<% s'&n D<A%astr 7L @i rs'&n(e
Lae Ni2&laeC 2&tn( s 2al2e iari 'e '@ntC a(i2 'e 2al(ar@&l 2a@ gr%s%lan i 2a@
(es*&n(at al Albei4
Lae Ni2&lae se arta 2a@ stnjenit 2 a (at gas n *aa @ea &nei %bsesii4 La rn(&l @e& @
jena@ (e jena l&i4 A(eArat e 2 as%2iaia (e i(eiC a 2rei Ai2ti@ el (eAenise 'entr& &n
@%@entC @i<a a(&s &n D@bet 'e b&De4 De%2a@(at a *i *%st ns *%arte n2linat s a're2ieD
2ele (ebitate (e Lae Ni2&lae n2 t%t r*&@ai n 2a(r&l 2%nse2Aenei sale (e gn(ireC a2easta 2a
s<l aj&t s ias (in n2&r2t&ra s&*leteas2C n 2are a aj&ns4 Dar n 2li'a &r@t%are rni<a@ s'&s
3 Iat &n(e (&2e % 'rea s&sin&t 2%nse2Aen a s'irit&l&i 7 Cir2&@s2ria@ 2& &n e&*e@is@
ng(&it%r % slbi2i&ne4 )e @ai tnr&l @e& a@i2 l<a *i (%rit s2&tit (e atari al&ne2ri n
a&t%@atis@e 'siBi2e4 L<a *i (%rit @ere& la a2elai niAel (e energie s'irit&al 2a n 2li'a 2n(
@i<a a(resatC ai(%@a &nei 'r%A%2riC 2&Aintele 3 KCreaia sRa ter@inat n Di&a a asea 7L Lae
Ni2&lae i<a as2&it @intea n 2ei 'atr& ani (e K'ensi&neL la @axi@&@4 -i i<a (eDA%ltat la *el
entitatea etni24 n2Bis%rile i<a& %*erit 2%n(iii 'rielni2e &nei atari (eDA%ltri4 La n2e'&t el a
2%nAie&itC 're2&@ a@ artatC ti@' @ai n(el&ngat 2& &2igaii tatl&i s&C *a
:./
(e 2are *2ea 'e @il%stiA&l sa@aritean4 Dar @ai trDi& el a *%st nAre(ni2it i (e alte t%Arii4
A@ a*lat @<e (e la Lae Ni2&lae (es're a2este t%AriiC 2e a& 'riit (iale2ti2ii sale4 I&re&l
'rig%anei n& s<a %'rit ni2i n *aa 2el%r @ai agere i @ai 2<iAate s'irite ale rii4 5r n&@r
era& intele2t&aliiC 2e<i *2ea&C (in *el&rite 'ri2iniC stagi&l 'rin %2neC n lagre (e @&n2C la
2anal&l a'el%r negreC 'rin blt%a2ele 2& li'it%ri i 2& n%ri (e n<ar ale %reDNriil%r i@'r%AiDate
'rin @n%ase
.
2@'&ri (&nrene4 )ret&tin(eniC n '&inele sa& @<ele %re (e rgaDC %a@eniiC
intele2t&aliiC (is2&ta& strni n tain la @i2i eDt%ri in&te n %a't4 Dein&t&lC r%b&lC i @%<
biliDa (in str*&n(&ri (e a@intire t%t 2e tia4 )&terea (e a@intire se nteea &ne%riC aAansn(
'n n 'rag&l 2%ntiinei 2e n& 2&n%ate &itarea4 Dein&t&l i %rganiDa gn<(ir2a4 "'irit&l se
alegea @ai ager i se n2&@eta s're esenial4 Ce '&tea& s *a2 a2eti %a@eni n 2li'e (e rgaDC
2a s n& s&2%@be H Dis2&ta&4 5%ti generali se Ae(ea& @&tr&l&ii 2& exer2iii *iDi2e (in 2ele
@ai in&til<bes*ialeC (in 'artea 'aDni2il%rC 2are a& *%st 2n(Aa i ei @&tr&l&ii n anii (e %stie4
5%ti 'r%*es%ri &niAersitari ei*&i in&i g%i n 2ar2er ngBeatC *iin(2 se @'%tri<Aa& s
2%ns&@e 2ir&lC 2e li se @biaC (&' 2e 'aDni2ii s2&i'aser sa& i s&*laser nas&l n ga@el4
"t&(eni 2&lei (e 'e bn2ile &niAersitiiC n 'lin le2ieC se '%@enea& ar&n2ai n n2Bis%ri
'entr& Aina (e a n& *i (en&ni
.
C t 2%@'l%t&ri inexistenteC (es're 2are le A%rbea& n %a't
(iAeri ageni 'r%A%2at%ri4 Mn2area 2e li se (aC e4a ns%it (e s&(al@eC (ar ni2i%(at 'aDni2&l
n& &ita s *a2 'r%'agan( n *aA%area regi@&l&i 3 KN%aC AeDiC ai Ar&t s<@b&rDi r'&bli2a i
r'&bli2a i ( @%r@%<la( 7L Ce '&tea& s *a2 a2eti %a@eni n 2li'e (e rgaDC 2a s n&
s&2%@be HS Dis2&ta&4 -i se re*&gia& n te%l%gieC sing&r&l siste@ n stare s (ea % j&sti*i2are
att%r s&*erine abs&r(e4 K"&*eri@ ai2iC 2a s aAe@ (re't&l la b&2&rie 9 (in2%l% 7L
5a (e atari s&*erineC 2r%ra Aiaa le era s&'&s (&' @et%(e (es2%'erite (e 2ei @ai sa(i2i
teBni2ieni ai s&*erineiC @ si@ea@ 2a &n rs*at al s%rii4 Ce nse@na *a (e ase@enea
s&*erine neaj&ns&l 4@%ral 2 era@ '&s 'e linie @%artC 2 era@ 2%nstrns 'e 'lan intele2t&al la
&n *el (e @&n2 (e j%sC sa& 2 n& @ai aAea@ ni2i&na (in 2%n(iiile 2reaiei libere H
:.E
Ain
n2e'&t (e l&n Mai4 !egetal&l iDb&2nea 2& t%at '&l 2reaC a(&nn(&<i ele@ent&l
Aer(e (in AD(&B i (e g&bt '@nt4 ?@b%l(it (e aer i (e alean 'ri@sArati2 @ l&a (%r&l (e a
@ 'li@ba 'e 2@'4 De 2e n& @<a (&2e o(al 'n la M&reC 'rin 'artea &n(e se arat
2a % aeDa@ %@eneas2 H ra@ @ere& is'itit sOri (&2C (ar a@na@ iari i iari4 A*lase@
nt@'t%r (e la nite 2&n%s2&i 2 a2%l% s<ar *i stabilit n2 (in .0EYC Aenin( (e la Cl&jC
!asile Oltean&C *%st 'r%*es%r i 're%tC 2& O2taAiaC s%ia sa4 n 'ri@Aara a2el&i anC
'r%*es%r&lC (in @%tiAe '%liti2eC ar *i *%st s2%s att (in sl&jba 're%eas2C 2t i (@ *&n2ia sa
te%l%gal4 Ur@n( 'il(a att2r intele2t&aliC 2areC eli@inai 'entr& *el&ri (e 'ri2ini (in
sl&jbele l%r (e la %raC se nt%r2ea& la l%2&rile l%r (e batinC !asile Oltean& a'&2C i elC 'e
(r&@&l %briil%r4 N& aAea s gseas2 &n n%& a@A%n 'entr& 're(i2ile sale 2& @ir%s (e
b&s&i%24 I se (es2Bi(ea ns 2alea s're %2&'aii rnetiC Are(ni2e (e 'iD@&it4 D&' s'&sele
2&n%s2&il%rC a2%l%C 'e a'a M&re&l&iC n& (e'arte (e AlbaC !asile Oltean& i<a al2t&it
nebn&ite r%st&ri4 )%'a aA a2%i% l%2 (e 2teAa Be2tareC @%tenire (e la 'rini4
5%l%sit%are i era 'al@a (e '@nt n(e%sebi (at%rit *a't&l&i 2<i tiat n (%& (e<% a'
2a M&re&lC 2ir2 a(&2e n g%s'%(rie (e t%ate 3 &@eDeal 'entr& DarDaAat&ri s(ite n
strat&riC n@%l 'rielni2 @i%r an&@e leg&@e b&lgretiC nea@&ri (e 'etiC ra2i i br%ateC i
a' s&b'@Nntean 'entr& arinii i sl2iile 2e inC s&b s2&t&l 2%r%anel%r l%rC aeDarea4
)it%reas2 (in 2ale a*ar (eAine aeDarea 'rin br%(&l arBai2 2% *a2e legt&r @i2t%are ntre<
2ele (%& @al&ri ale M&re&l&i4 Br%(&l i trage *iina t%t (in @%tenirea '@nteas2 a l&i
!asile Oltean&4 -i br%(&l e l&2ratiA4 C& 2tig&l (&' el s<ar '&tea ntreine % *a@ilie
'atriarBal4 Br%(&l e *%l%sit (e l%2alni2ii (in @'rej&ri@iC 2are eAit s *a2 n2%nj&r&lC
in2%@%(C 2a s aj&ng la Alba tre2n( '%(&l 'e la )art%4 Oa@enii (intr<% sea@ (e sate,
're2&@ Ci&g&(&l4 Li@baC DaiaC -e&aC GBirb%@&lC H2nig&lC H'riaC neaAn( la n(e@n &n
'%( 'este M&reC *%l%ses2 br%(&l *a@iliei Oltean&C s're a aj&nge @ai *r (e n2%nj&r n
2etatea
:.>
Albei4 n2%nj&r&l 'e la )art% ia ti@'C 'rel&ngin( (r&@&l a2est%r steni 2& Are% %'t cil%@etri4
A *%st % Are@eC n&@ai(e2t (&' rDb%iC 2n( br%(&l n& 'ri(i(iea 2& tre2erea 'este a' a
2lt%ril%r4 A2easta a *%st 2n( '%(&l @are (e la )art%C *iin( ar&n2at n aer (e ne@ii n re<
tragereC r@sese rsti@' (e<&n an 2& 2a'&l 'rb&it n a'a t&lb&re a M&re&l&i4 A2&@ '%(&l
@are e (in n%& n *&n2ieC (e atia aniC (ar % s2a@ (e %a@eni (in 2teAa sate @ai (e'rtate a&
l&at i@e(iat (&' rDb%i %bi2ei&l (e a *%l%si br%(&lC i la a2est %bi2ei a& r@as 'n astDi4
)entr& 2ei 2e se (&2 n t%ate Dilele s't@niiC (in satele '%@enileT 2& 2ea'C @%r2%AiC elinC
'tr&njelC 2& Ainete i r%iiC 2& gr& i se2arC 2& %& i la'teC la trg&l (in AlbaC *%l%sirea
br%(&l&i nsea@n 2tig (e ti@'4^Br%(&l a(&2e s&*i2ient 2tig *%st&l&i 'r%*es%r F i 're%tC
r@as *r sl&jbeC iar la 2ele (&' br%( li se @ai a(a&g i ag%niseala (&' Be2tarele (e
'@nJDe alt*el n& sr2ia l s&'r 'e '%'a !asile4 M%ral@ente 'enibil este 'entr& el @ai
2&rn( nt%ar2erea (e la % sl&jb intele2t&al la %2&'aii arBai2e4 O ierarBie (e 2alitate a n<
(eletni2iril%r %@eneti n& @ai existC (e alt*elC la %ra a2eastaC i !asile Oltean& n& este astDi
sing&r&l silit a se nt%ar2e la %2&'aiiC 2r%ra naintaii li s<a& n2BinatC &ne%ri (in @%i<
str@%iC 2& s@erenie t%t&iC i 2& @n(rie4
)e @ine tre2erea &nei a'e 2& br%(&l @<a i@'resi%nat n2 (in 2%'ilrie4 I@aginea br%(&l&iC
2are l&2reaD 2& % l%'a*2<AslC 2Nl&Din(&<i te@ei&l (e<a l&ng&l &nei sr@4e ntinse (e la &n
r@ la 2ellaltC s<a trans*%r@at n s&*let&l @e&C n 2&rs&l anil%rC ntr<% i@agine 'lin4 (e4
se@ni*i2aii4 Da& tr2%ale a2est%r se@ni*i2aiiC *r a ji% '&tea 2&'rin(e nt%2@ai4 In %ri2e 2aD
br%(&l este 'entr& @ineC n2 (Hn 2%'ilrieC &n @ijl%2 @ai arBai2 (e a tre2e a'aC (e2t '%(&lOii
arBai2&l are (ar&l (e a<@i sti@&la i@aginaia 2& alt '&tere (e2t l&2r&rile (e 2iAiliDaie 2&<
rent4 Br%(&l @ai esteC a'%iC 'entr& @ine 2a % al&Die la bar2a l&i Car%nC n 2are &@brele tre2
(e 'e r@&l AieiiC (in2%l% (e @'ria @%rii4 C&@ br%(ni2&l este (e ast (at &n *%st
'r%*es%r (e te%l%gieC a'r%'ierea (e bar2a i (e *ig&ra l&i Car%n se i@'&ne i @ai @< n2Bi<
'&irii i si@irii @ele4 Br%(&l are 'entr& @ine &n Bal% (e Aagi se@ni*i2aii @it%l%gi2e4 n anii
'etre2&i n strintate a'r%a'e 2 a@ &itat i@aginea4 C%'leit (e ele<
:.Y
*rtele 2iAiliDaiei @%(erne n&<@i @ai '&te @ n2Bi'&i br%(&l (e le@n tareC 2i%'lit 2& bar(4TC
WN @al *ie n
r
'e &n(eAaC ni2i 2Biar n l&@ea n%astr rneas2aO
Intr<&na (in a2este DileC (e n2e'&t (e @aiC a@ n<lnit n
*a
t
a
li2e&l&i (e *ete (in Alba<I&liaC n
2Bi' ne<ste'tatC 'e LeliaC *ii2a O2taAiei4 " t%t aib (%is'reDe2e li A *2&t %2Bii @ariC ADn(&<
@4 Cn( a@M 2&n%s<Ltl% H DaC la Cl&jC la nite r&(a (e<ale eiC n t%a@na an&l&i .0EYC (&' 2e
'rinii eiC (eAenii in(eDirabili n a2el
%ra
HJ *^<Fs
eser
@&tai i @'ini s're Alba4 "t@ "in (e
A%rb4 a @i ( &nele in*%r@aii 2& 'riAire la =aa 2e % (&2 (e 2iAa ani n2%a2e 'rinii ei4
9 U@bli la li2e& H
9 Da4
9 Ce *a2e tti2& H
PP 5a2e 'e br%(ni2&FC @i rs'&n(e eaC '&in n2&r2atj
(ar *r a<i 'ier(e albastra senintate4
9 -i @@i2a H
9 5a2e '%eDie4
Ca( '&in la gn(&ri4 -i reia& A%rba 3 O4)%eDia e i ea &n *el (e br%(4 +ti2&<t% tre2e %a@enii
(e 'e &n r@
.
'e alt&lC l&2r& *%arte %@enes2 i *%l%sit%rC @@i2<ta Area s ne trea2 (intr<%
l&@e n alt l&@eC l&2r& @ai '&in *%l%sit%rC (ar a'r%a'e 2eres24 (e'arte br%(&l A%str& HL
9 N&<i (e'arte4 De<ai2iC s t%t *ieC 2a@ % =%r i 2eAaC 'e j%s4
9 -i 2a@ 'e &n(e Aine H 9 % ntrebC 2& t%ate 2 tia@ a'r%xi@atiA 'e &n(e este aeDarea4
5ata @i ( l@&ririC artn(&<@i (ire2iaC i s*ree 2& %bin&itele n(r&@riC 2e n& le @ai
as2&li 3 la stngaC la (rea'taC alia str(&C la stngaC la (rea'taC 'n aj&ngi 'e 2@'4 -i 'e
&r@ % ii (re't nainteC 'n (ai (e M&re4 A2%l% e 2asa n%astr4 -i br%(&l4
"ntatea 'r%as't a *etei @i treDi n 'al@ (%rina Ne a<i 2&'rin(e brbia 2a ntr<% 2&' 3
K"'&ne @a@ei 2 *etia ei s<a *2&t *%arte (rg&4 Ia stai '&in4 De 2n( n& te<a@ @ai AD&t HL
9 Din .0EY4 De la Cl&j4
9 UiteC &iteC 2&@ 2res2 *etiele 7 ,sare alt l&@e 7
:.8
Des'rin(&<neC @i *2ea@ n gn( s%2%teala r aiO s @ (&2 t%t&i ntr<% Di 'n la br%(4
ntr<% Di H Ce A%rb 7 De 2e s a@i 'e<a (%&a Di 2e '%i s *a2i n&@ai(e2t H O ia& s're 2as4
5ata aAea glas 2eAa (in t%n&l i (in a22ent&l @a@<sii4 O2taAia n se a@intea 'rin *aa i
@ers&l *eteiC 'ar2 @i<ar *i tri@is % Aeste4 D&' atta t2ere atern&t ntre @ine O2taAiaC
@ ia % real (%rin (e a % reAe(ea4 M &i<n AD(&B&riC tre2 n reAist @iel&eii 2er&l&i4
"%arele agreabil arDt%r4 Aa 2a la n2e'&t (e l&n @ai i (&'W 2r&g&l Are@ii an&nat n
2alen(ar&l 'e<% s&t (e ani4
P#)e (r&@&l (e 2@' (es2Bis 'n la br%( s<a& (e'natC Mntre B%l(e AerDiC n s&*let&l @e&
@<e a@intiri4 De%sebit (e 2i&(at @i a'rea @ie ns&@i a2&itatea (%rinei (e a % reAe(ea 'e
O2taAia4 +i@' (e l&ni i ani i@aginea ei a'r%a'e 2 n&<@i rein&se interes&l4 De'rtarea J
a
s'ai& se trans*%r@ase n2et&l 'e n2et&l ntr<% (es'rire s&*leteas24 )e 2e 'lan (e existen
tria O2taAia
Cejitr& @ine H )r%babil 2 O2taAia era 'entr& @ine % existen tr&'eas2C *iDi%l%gi2C 'e 2@'
'al'abilC n4tr<% 2%n2ret4 +%t&l se lega (e 2%%r(%natele *iD+2e (ate4 (e 2& t%t&l alt*el
alinta@ i@aginea (%a@nei Ana
Ni2i % s&r'riDC n a*ar (e 2ele ale AieiiC n& este (
2
lM
are
MF
'e
2are
'@a
@ai
M
en
J alaltieri (e
ase@enea n<% ate'tat 'entr& 2eas&rile &r@t%are4 -i<@i *a2 s%2%7 T
ai
AD&se@ < (e<&n ti@' i
@ai n(el&ngat I#na&ni %ala3 &n 2eas n2%l%C &n 22Os na'%iC (%& ntreC *a2O
/
L
%bse
*4
a
Cp
ei
C
cl(d
"-
C&
gO(&l la eaC Oinjea@ 'atr&4 Da2 'le2 'e la trei (&' a@iaDC '%t s *i& 'e
T
(e
L_
.
b%ala
A
*ra
l
ea2
F
A
ean
4
2ste
3
ei[iru
@@e
33O'
i , .
r
.. .
r
c
'
r
MOA 47PKK nl4%%n A2&@
r*nri n 2 @@ n *irJ'la2i !frai. nr)8)nta
la %'t seara iari a2as4
CLa @as a@ (eDbt&t n @ine ns&@i eAent&alitatea &nei es2a'a(e 'n la br%(4 -i @ Ae(ea@
(intr<% (at *%arte nerb(t%r (e a @ (&2e 'n a2%l% 'e nean&nateC @i s'&nea@ 2 *ataC 2e<
% ntlnii nainte (e a@iaD n *aa li2e&l&iC n& aAea 2&@ s<i an&ne 'riniiC att
aleanC alean4 A2&@C 2n( % tia@ n a2elai %raC 'reDena ei se @'%triAea n2 s ia *%r@e
'al'abile4 Ana r@nea 'entr& @ine '&r Araj i@'%n(erabilC e n<
treine *%a@ea i setea (e nalt&ri4 Alean&l 2& 2are % nAlea@ n s&*let era 2a &n aleanC (&l2e
i a@arC s're 2eAa *%arte (e'rtat i ina22esibil4 De%2a@(at as'ira<
*a2e (e2i 'rin s&r'riDi "%
iei
i *ii2ei
@
2Ce ie ##\<#O## \P]# H#"bbb
C ar l&a ti &'C as'iraia @ea s<ar trans*%r@a n i(%latrie4
A'r%'iin(&<@ (e Ban&l br%(ni2il%rC AD&i t%2@ai
(es're ntlnirea @ea 2& LeliaC *ii2a (%a@nei Olteana47
I%ana se @ira 2 n2 n<a aA&t 'rilej&l s<% 2&n%as2 lai
li2e&4 N& *re2Aenta& a2eeai 2las4 L < <
K5a@ilia Oltean& s<a stat%rni2it n& (e'arte 'e M&re4 I 2&@ br%(&l '%rnea s're 2ellalt r@4
D&2ea &n 2ar n<
)e j%sC 2a@ la % %r (e<ai2iLC l@&res2 e&4 D%ra i I%ana .
2>r2at
J
2&
*n
(e
an
F
tras
(e
b%.
F
Br%a&l
@anila s're
@ n(e@na& s '%rnes2 n&@ai(e2t n ex'l%rareC *iin( %j O@ijl%2&l a'ei4 )%'a Car%n n&
tre2ea s&*leteC 2i 2are 2&
lin4 A@ DF@bit *r A%ieC ADn( 2&@ (e2a( se@ni*i2aiile 'e @al&l M&re&l&i4 Br%(&l tre2e (e
@ijl%2&l a'el4 Ce*2e ine n @n 2a % l%'atC este *r n(%ial !asile Oltean&C
Di aa (e *r&@%as 7
9 Dar 2e *a2 ei 'e M&re H 9 ntreab I%ana4
9 A& &n br%(C rs'&n(C gn(in( ai&raa4
9 Un br%( H
*%st 'r%*es%r la 2%ala (e nalte st&(ii te%l%gi2e (e la
C
Car%n4
-i<i ex'li24 Un br%(4 A'4 Bar24 Br%(4 )%'a !asiteAjl <Cl&jC astDi Kbr%(ni2L4 C& 2teAa
@in&te @ai nainteC L
%n
< 2n( (a sN se
(es'rin( (e la @alC '%'a 2&lase a gBi2i
M %(iBnes2 '&in4 A'%i % ia& (e<a2as tre2n( (in 2ine ar '&tea s *ie strin&l 2are se a'r%'ia
agale (e ae<err(& n str(& la stngaC la (rea'ta4 nainte (e a
Darea
G%r
ra@
n2
'rea
(e'art
e 2a s
@ *i '&t&t aj&nge in 2N@' is2%(es2 2are<i ieirea s're M&re ra@
i(enti*i2aJ
Cn(
aj&ng
n
(
t&l
a
eDriiJ
br%(&l
i
H
P 'e (r&@&l 2&tatC n<aAea@ (e2it sa @ereC t%t nainte4 K C 4 4 C 4 C C<l.44< rJ= < & # .
De'arteC 'e albia M&re&l&iC in(i2at (e 'i2&ri (e arini )*MHC t%2@axC *r&nteaC (e2elalalt r@4
)@a 2e br%(&l Aa i sl2iiC 2a (e nite se@ne si@b%li2eC ntreDres2 2a %L
s
#
'
(es2ar2e sar2ina
i '@a sa se nt%ar2 2& alt aeDare g%s'%(reas2C al2t&it (in @ai @<e 2l(iriC )_
Aar
C Aa
@ai tre2e % b&2at (e Are@e4 H%trs2 sa t%ate n le@nC 'itite s&b Aegetaia &n&i 2rng4
3,
n&
@a
i ate't4 Intr& n 2as4
:.; K . :.0
2as
"2ria 2eAa 2& 2rei%n&l4 C&@ n n2'ere n& se g
"e
C . )MMMI "i"^ e ni2i % @s&C 2ana'ea&a
serAea (%a@nei (re't '&'it
r
K
r
ai&l 'e 'a@int 7 (e s2ris4 ra O2taAia4 A@ intratC (ar eaC
ngen&n2Bea S)
ai
tre2&rN
Are%
ClteAa
@in&te 'ina sa se a&( 'a& i 2& s'atele 2tre @ineC n& @
Ae(ea4 ra aa (e 'r
e%
Oltean& &r2n( tre'tele 'ri(A%r&l&i4 L&at 2aC (e<% 2&'at (e 2ele 2e
s2ria 2 ni2i n& i<a ri(i2at 2a'&l 4 b&2&rie 2%'ilreas2C O2taAia @i s'&ne s @ as2&n( Aa(
2ine a intrat4 i n2Bi'&iaC (esig&rC 2<a intrat Arei C6i&'N
&n
(&la
)J
2a
sL
.
'&ne@ la n2er2are 'e
!asile4 "<i strin (%rit%r (e a tre2e a'a 2& br%(&l4 O2taAia n& '&ne@ a(i2 la n2er2are
(ar&l gBi2irii4 52&i (&' (a<
(e 2&Aiin s<i nt%ar2 *aa4 C%ntin&a s s2rie4 5rjj rint<
MN
as2&nsei (&' (&la'4
a s'&ne &n 2&AntC @ a'r%'i&4 "nt lng eaC (ar ea n2 .
'
_)
a
!asile
intr
<
3
T
Mi
s2
)
are
2
n2
s%si
&n
%as'eteLC t%t n<a 'rins (e Aeste4 De la %arei2are (istanC '%t
"
j qT
2
el
2&A>nt
J
(ar
ntr<&n *el
ntrebt%rC 2& &n D@betC ar&n2 % 'riAire 'este &@r&l ei 3 s2ria Aers&ri4 M n2iC4 'e 2are (in
t%n i *r (e<al Ae(ea l gBi2ea@ lit 'e t%at @et s<% treDes2 (in trans 3
*aa4
9 "2rii (esig&r % r&g2i&ne n Aers&riC alt*el n& te<a 9 <44"'&i asta 2a D@e&l (in bas@C
2are s%sin( a2as 2Dni ntr<% '%Diie att (e in2%@%(4 se &it n (rea'ta
iRn stngaC i Di2e 3 Mir%ase a %ra7L
a sare 2& &n &%r i't 3 KAxente 7L M 'riAete &n O2taAia *a2e BaD i r(e 3 KDaC ne s%si &n
%as'eteC (ar s<l @%@entC 2a s se treDeas2 (in s&r'riD4 M 2&'rin(e e& gO2eti
A
U
a@n(%& braele 'e (&' gt 3 Kn s*rit 7 Ai Aenit 7L
)%
)
a
!asile
n2ear2 s gBi2eas24
,%stete
s2risei t%2@ai % r&g2i&ne n Aers&riC % r&g2i&ne 2a #O
nt
in&t&l
P
-i
@ai
ales
(e
2&
ne'&tin
(e
65L\ ( C' L& 7*]L ou 5L\+L CLPi vio XL'&\+L 6 C'K '+U \\\Cl
6 \-!ii. al S>d XrP 6 "i.\l D * * P"P - i *r
#-7 PP F K #P* P #P *-* i
<
2
D%a@neC 2e gre& a *%st a2est ti@' 7L $%n CH2(g&
)UI
L
G
K"nte@ (e 2teAa s't@ni la Alba4 AstDi ntibi KA' 7 A'LCFstriga O2taAia 2a<n j%a2a
(e<a A<ai as<'e Lelia ta n *aa li2e&l&i4 Mi<a (at Aeti (es're A%i4 A&
2&nse
leaC 2n( n& se
ni@erete4 )%'a !asile Area s ntre2&t ani (e 2n( n& @ai 'rinsese@ ni2i % tire4 -i iat< -
2
B
%
ie 2<% nj&rt&rC (ar se (%@%lete4 ai2i4 !enii s te A( s A A(4 Dar Bai(e @ai n I&<
K*ei Axente (e (&' (&la' 7L @i '%r&n2ete O2taAiaC @inC n t%at *'t&ra 7 A@ tras<% (e
@n s'ie *ereas&(
r?:?n(U
JVC
s
4
a
a'rins
s'irt&l
@
b&rta
'%'ii
j4= i % 'riAii 3 KN&te<ai s2Bi@bat a'r%a'e
(el%24 CiAa n
A
@ ieit (e (&' (&la'4 )%'a !asile n& era beatC (ata& tre2&t t%t&i 4
'r%babil asta era &ne%ri at@%s*era 'rin 'reaj@a br%(&l&i4
aC n l%2 (e %ri2ejjt rs'&nsC @ n2leteaD iai&ji '
e
'%'a
!
asUe l 2&n%s2&se@ ntr<%
@'rej&rare n 2& braele 'e (&' git"I s<a a(&nat s&*let&l n glasC a2
3anii
(e
rDb%i
2n(
a
Aenit
%
(at
i
el
'n
la
"ibi&J
&n(e
Aenin( 'ie(i2a 2&A@t&l&lJ-i @i<a treb&it '&tere s @a
a
Aea treb&ri la @itr%'%lie4
@i a(&se at&n2i i % s2ris%are (es'rin(4 < (e la
O2laAiaC 2eea 2e 'entr& el 'rea s *ie &n l&2r&
9 iC aj&ngeC i Di2 'e &n t%n gl&@eC 2 Aine !asile *%arte *ires24 )%'a !asile n& s<a
s2Bi@bat 'rea @< n i ne gsete aaC strni n *r<(e<l2ge4 rsti@'4
At&n2i era ns *%arte ngrijit i s% '&rta n re<
9 "trni n *r<(e<lege 7 2Biar aa 7 A*l ns 2
Aer
ean( br&nC 2&rat4 A2&@ era ntr&2tAa
slbti2it4 @<a@ nAat s @s%r ti@'&lC (e 2are are neA%ie !asile Oat *iin( 2 ntre @ine i
O2taAia era& relaii (e t&' s trea2 M&re&l4 +%2@ai aa (e re'e(e n& @erge4 Br%(&H&ireC
2a&t s sar 'este &nele eta'e ale b&nei 2&AiineC i l&ne2 n2et 2a @el2&l4 -i a*ar (e asta n<ar
Di2e el ni@i2C
r
M2e' s<i s'&nC (intr<% (atC i '%'ii !asile 'e n&@e4 !asileC s&r'rinDn( %
ntlnire (&' atia ani l Cte%(at# Oiin( @ai n Arst (e2t elC @i '%t ng(&i a2est grai4
::1
::.
KA@ Aenit s<@i 2iteti (in 'saltireC !asile 7 A@ aZ 2 te 'ri2e'i4 A aAea @are neA%ieC 22i
snt la @ar% 2&r2t&r 2& Are@&rile astea 7L i s'&n '%'iiC 2a s tre @ai &%r 'este 2ele
nt@'late 2& j%a2a4
KDa2 AreiC i gBi2es2LC rs'&n(e '%'aC s&gr&@n sine e2%&rile rs&l&i (e a(n2a&ri4 Ki
gBi2es2C 2& t 2 n&<@i 'rea @erge 2& intele2t&alii4 GBi2it&l sta e G tr& %a@eni si@'li4 La Cl&jC
2t a@ trit s&bt %2@ &ng&reas2C Aenea& la @ine trg%AeiC brbai i *e@eiC Art%s 2alAiniC s
le gBi2es2 (in 'saltireC (ar i 'entr& &rite sl&jbe4 -tiiC 2alAiniiC rai%naliti 2&@ sntC 2 'entr&
ase@eni treb&riC '&se la ei s&bt %'reliteC n(e2 4 're%i r%@NniC rsriteniC 'e 2are ei i<i
n2Bi'&ie n4 trai 2& (ar&ri (e tain4 C& t%t&l n a*ar (e sl&jbe @agie i @%litAelni2C n& '%t
tri ni2i ei4 N<a@ rex ni2i%(at s @'lines2 '%*tele %a@enil%r4 Le gBi2ea@
*jsaltire i le *2ea@ sl&jbe la (%rinC (e t%ate 'rilej tJ 4 @i *2&se@ Aa(C 22i A%rba s*nt&l&i
)aAel 3 (e la i4 treb&ie s trias2 're%t&lL4
)%'a !asile era &n 2%nAins teBni2ian al rit&xi 'tr&ns (e a(eAr&l 2re(inel%r sale4 l 2&ta
nsC ni s'irit (e 2%nsesAen g%s'%(reas2C s (ea a(eAr&l&
.
i % *&n2ie nAe(erat
l&2ratiA4 C& t%t&l nentrebatC
E
2 a(&2e A%rba (es're 2eea 2e 2tiga (e la aG tar 'n a2&@
2iAa ani4 5r n(%ial 2 Aa(&l a2elaC al sl&jb i a(&2ea nease@&it @ai @< (e2t Aa(&l
a2este br%(&l&i4 C%@'araiaC 2e 2a(e n (eDaAantaj&l a2t
.
sale 'r%*esi&niC i s2ie 2%ntiina4
r%s (e gn(&l t @ai triete (&' altarC 're2&@ l<a @'&terni2it s*L )aAel4 +%t&i 9 n& 'are
'rea @Bnit4
KDar n(eletni2irea asta (e br%(ni2 2n( i<ai ns& (e<% *a2i 2a &n a(eArat nAat HL l ntreb
@ai @&B s n2Beg 2&AntC (e2t 2a s a*l& rs'&ns4
i4 -tiiC 'rinte !asileC n sat&l &n(e a trit i a @&<Ian2&C se gsete n registrele biseri2eti %
*il i= '%@inC 2are ne arat 2&@ se @&t Aal%rile4 A%rba
C
Fes)
re
2ar
M
ea
@%ril%r (in !i(ra (e
s&s4 Da2 te<ai (&2e
a
(at sa rs*%ieti 'rin eaC ai gsi 'agina 'e 2are 're%t&l _
a
t&l&i a
nregistrat n .;8E (e2es&l l&i AAra@ Ian2&4 5ilete '
%aI
O %bin&itele in(i2aii 2& litere (e ti'arC
n&@eleC SE <en&@ele %@&l&iC an&l nateriiC @eseriaC (ata @%rii4 )re%t&l a nse@nat
2%ntiin2i%s t%ate (atele 'e *ila L&i EAra@ Ian2&4 Cn( a ajOns la r&bri2a =@eserieiT<C 're%t&lC
(&% 2e Aa *i eDitat % 2li' a s2ris 3 =er%&l r%@Nnil%rM<C 'j<aAea (re'tate 're%t&l H Cre( 2
aAeaC 22i AAra@ Ian2&
a
aA&t ntr<a(eAr @eseria (e er%&4 )e Are@&ri er%is@&l O&tea s *ie %
@eserie4 AstDi sit&aia e '&in @ai alt*el4 AstDi intr % (%D (e er%is@ n t%ate @eseriile 2e
intele2t&alii n%tri s&nt neA%ii s le @brieDeC %ri2are ar *i @eseriileC (e la a2eea (e 'ietrarC
(e @t&rt%r (e gr(ini '&bli2eC 'n la a2eea (e br%(ni2L4 C& ase@enea 2&Ainte n2er2 s
al&ng (in s&*let&l '%'ii !asile &n si@@nt F(e r&inareC 2e i se rs'n(ele 'e *aC 2n( 9 %
s%nerie n2e'e s 2rie (eas&'ra &ii4 Clt%rii a(&nai n rsti@' la br%(4 (e % 'arte i (e altaC
a a'eiC l Ks&na&LC 2Be<@n2&<l la (at%rie4
)&rta @ai @<e s&*lete n 4iiL\ji\'a<Xasilix -i (&'
2e 33n n2 (e @ai (enr A3e el 2Biar (e la
O2taAiaC %@&l '&rta n sine 2el '&in Are% trei<'atr& 3 &n s&*let (e KranLC &n&l (e K2l&grLC
&n&l (e K*a&nLC<i &n&l (e Kbr&tL '&r i si@'l&4 )%'a i (%DeaD a2este s&*leteC (&'
ne2esitile (e @%@entC 2& @ai @< is2&sin i @ete&g 2Biar (e2t &n a2t%r4 +%ate a2este
s&*leteC i (is'&t ntietatea n *iina sa4 D%Daj&l se *a2e (&' treb&in4 n an&@e @'rej&rri
se nt@'l 2a &n&l (in SF (&B&rileC 2e<l ns&*lees2C s a'ar t%t&i n *%r@
i l
2are
n (&B&rileC 2e. ns&*leesC s '
KAsta % ti& (in 2%'ilrieC 2n( l aj&ta@ 'e tai2<@a neaneste2at4 Une%ri '%'a !asile i
i@'&ne &n trai 2l&<e era br%(ni29St%t ai2i4 "e '%ate tri i (in asta 7L gar*es2 (e '%st i
r&g2i&neC (es'rins (in t%ate @rejele
iil *l l t l i lb
j
2el @ai slabC n& (eDagrea<
'%ate tri i g ' gC '
KA'r%a'e t%i intele2t&alii r%@Nni a& *%st i snt Ois'itel%r l&@eti4 A2est s&*let al s& este ns
A%iiC n <i@ii aniC s<i s2Bi@be %2&'aia4 Cei 2e n& s*2el @ai '&in reDistent4 n *iDi%n%@ia
l&iC g
silii la astaC snt (e %bi2ei An(&iL4 -i 2&@ sta& (e A%rbMHKG
ar
2a@
slbti2itC sing&r albastr&l
%2Bil%r rs'&n(e 2& &n 're%tC treb&ie s s'&n 3 K!n(&i (iaA%l&l&iL4 M<4iHa2est&i s&*let Barba
r%2%AanC b&Dele 2rn%aseC s'rn<(intre intele2t&ali a'&2 'e 2alea @eseriil%r4 Dar 2e aI
2e*tele 2a nite (esi&riC (inii snt%i 2e i<i s'al (%ar a *a2e H Cre( 2 n& este 2aD&l s ne
@ai ls@ @&n2iiT O%&2n( (in @ieD (e *r&2te s&nt (esig&r ale &n&i *a&n4 Aa 2%ntiinC (e
@n(rieC sa& (e gn(&l 2 ar exista i &ntI arat 2l&gr&l i *a&n&l4 kran&l iese la iAeal @ai
Art%s 'r%*esi&ni ne(e@ne (e n%i4 "e @&t Aal%rile (e la % e'%2 t& *
e
i
&
i Oe a Ae(ea Aiaa
2%ti(ian4 +%ate l&2rrile sale
::: ::/
4s&nt 2ntNrit' g%2'%(rete n Ae(erea &n%r (%bnDi 2e '&tea s 'i2e4 i i&bete neAasta *r
(%ar i '%ate4 b] (rag%stea l&i e s&'&s 2el%r @ai 2a'ri2i%ase *l&2t&aiiC
*&n2ie (e 2&rba
*%l%asel%r 2e le a(&2e *e@eia n g%s'%C (arie4 @ere& 2& %2Bii la ea4 O 'DeteC eAi(entC (ar
n&C . @ai n an&@e li@ite4 Cn( n 2ariera sa '%ate s aibjl an&@e aAantagiiC '%'a se arat
(is'&s s n2Bi( &n %2Bi I 5%arte ng(&it%r a *%st '%'a !asile t%t(ea&na 2t 'ri# Aeste
2%@'%rta@ent&l s%iei 9 @ai Art%s n s2Bi@b&l7 K(ar&ril%rL a(&se la 2asa sa s&bt 'retext&l 2
ar *i (ar&ri I 'entr& altar4 Une%ri se nt@'l 2a O2taAia s (e'eas2C I ntr<&n *el sa& alt&lC
li@itele 2&Aiinei4 At&n2i iDb&2net I n el 2el (e<al 'atr&lea s&*let 3 br&ta4 l n& s&'%rt b&n4
. %ar 2a O2taAia s s2rie Aers&ri4 A2estea snt (e %bi2ei g (e2laratiAe i 'rea legate (e 2&Ant4
Une%ri stiB&rile ie^ . ns la nli@ea 'asi&niiC 2e @&r@&r n a&t%are4 n asWl @enea 2aD&ri
'%'a !asile esteC n 2Bi' re*lexC4 l&at (U I a22ese (e *&rie4 )%'a !asile se ntreab a(esea
'entr& . K2ineL s2rie O2taAia4 N& n2a'e n(%ial 2 eaC *iin 2el are 'ati@a 2%n2ret&l&iC s2rie
Aers&rile t%t(ea&na 'entril K2ineAaLC (ar l&i !asile ea i s'&ne 2 le al2t&iete aa<l 9 n
abstra2t4 ntia rea2ie a *%st&l&i 'r%*es%r (e te%l%gi gleC 2n( seRnt@'l s gseas2 as&'ra
O2taAieiC 'rii@ Are&n b&D&nrel (e %rC sa& 'e s&bt bl&DC Are% '%eDieM7 este (e br&tC 2e se
(e2laneaD att (e ne2%ntr%lat 2 ani '&tea s *a2 @%arte (e %@4 O2taAia @ai '%art la
ti@'iT % 2i2atri2e (e @< Ain(e2at4 )e la n2e'&t&l 2st%riei . ea i 2itise %(at nite Aers&ri
(e (rag%ste4 Dar '%'a al (ib&it 2&@Aa 2 '%eDia n& era s2ris n abstra2tC i a i gBi2it @ai ales
2 n& el era %bie2t&l 'lat%niDrii4 De aj&ns I 2a br&ta s '&nC at&n2iC @na 'e<tJ 2li@ar (e
@eta I i s<% aDArl% 2& t%at '&terea (&' O2taAia4 "enin&l I &n(e a l%AitC se @ai Ae(e i
a2&@C (&' atia ani4 Ce . lesne ar *i '&t&t s ir@n '%'a 9 *'taC (in 'ri2ina &n%i .
stiB&ri 7 Dar a aA&t n%r%2 %@&l 2& 2%ntiinaCP la 2are I 2%lab%ra& 'atr& s&*lete 7 9 Cn(
*ar@e2ele s%iei '&teai S *i l&2ratiA angajate 'e linia &n%r 'ln&i (e aAansare l sa& si@'l& s'%r
@aterialC '%'a !asile se artaC (e %bi2ei # *%arte 2%n2esiA4 n atari @'rej&rri '%'a i
n(r&@a . ns&i s%ia 'e 2i (e e2BiA%2 i 2%@'r%@is4 Ast*elC iM ti@'&l rDb%i&l&iC O2taAiaC
a22e'tn( b&2&r%as s&gestiile # s%&l&iC se (&2ea Dilni2 n AiDit la &n ierarBC (e<a 2r&i [
::E
b&nA%in atrna % n%& aAansare4 !&ia &rbea (e DA%n&riC 2e aj&ngea& i la &re2Bile '%'ii
!asil%C (ar el n& Aei 2a (e2t aAansarea4 n *%n( i'%2rit&l *a&n 2&@'nea 2a@ aa 3 s%ia se
'&rta *a (e el 2a % *eti2an neti&t%areC (e &n(e '&terni2a sa n2re(inare 2 O2taAia ar *i
2%nstit&i%nal K*rigi(L4 O2taAia era n2 FK*rigi(L *a (e elC (intr<&n *el (e sil *iDi2 I n
realitate ea %ra (e<&n senD&alis@ *reneti2 *a (e a2ei brbai j2are<i sti@&la& (ar&l stiB&irii4
)%'aC 2t ti@' l&2iFa tI& 're@isa 2%ns%lai %aie a *rigi(itiiC era n stare s s&'%rte *r arrn (e
gel%Die 2%@'%rta@ent&l 2el @ai lax al s%iei i 2Bar gn(&i 2 2a ar @ai sri 2te%(at '%te
gar(4 Iar 2n( Are&n interes g%s'%(res2C sa& Are&n&l '&s n @i2are (e<% sit&aie 're2arC
interAenea n j%2&l nt@<'lril%r4 '%'a era n stare s aranjeDe l&2r&rile ast*el 2a s%ia s
aj&ng 'r4 n atern&t&l Are&n&i '&terni2 al Dilei4 In ase@enea 2aD&ri el se 2%@'l2ea n
i(eea 2 O2taAia ar *i *rigi( i @t^Jr'iL2ta *a'tele '&r i si@'l& 2& in(i*erena 2& 2are ar *i
'riAit % Airit % ei la &n @e(i2 gine2%l%g4 L&2r&l 'rin2i'al era 2a t%t&l s se (es*%are 'e linia
&nei eAi(ene l&eraiiA'4 5a't&l 2 s%ia l&i era 're%2&'at (e '%eDieC lC (eranja ns 2&@'litC
22i bNii&ia in a2easta 'ie%e&'are % real *ierbinte 'asi&ne 2e 9 ntr<&n *el i 'e %2%lite 9
(eD@inea 'res&'&sa ei *rig^ISS
I
34ite4 -i<at&n2i *a&n&lC 2& Aeleiti (e 2l&grC era a'&<6^J
I
s&bt &n 'retext sa& alt&lC (e a22ese (e *&rieC 2e<l iu+ i a& s se n'&steas2 as&'ra Ai2ti@ei4
+%ate a2estea @i tre2&r ntr<% 2li' 'rin @inteC 2n( r@sei iaisi sing&r 2& *r&@%asa
O2taAiaC 2are se @b&j%ra la gn(al 2 A%@ aAea 'rilej&l (e a sta (e A%rbC n&@ai n%iC ntre
'atr& %2Bi4
44C&@ i @ai '%triAete s&*letele !asile al t&C i (&' 2e @s&r HF % ntreb aa ntr<% (%arC
2a s &rnes2 2%nAersaia4
KIese t%t @ai a(esea la iAeal 9 br&taLC @i rs'&n(e eaC as2&nDn(&<iji s&bt bl&DC a sniC
2&@ rn2&ele as2&n( &ne%ri @ereleC *ilaC 'e 2are a s2ris Aers&riC n 2li'a 2n( a@ W%sit4
Gestal ei era *%aite a(e@enit%rC i 'ar2 @ n2er2a %L '%rnire s<i aj&t s as2&n( 2t @ai bine
Aers&rileC 'rin tainie4 K)entr& s2risC *%l%ses2 t%t(ea&na ti@'&l 2t !asile % 'rins 2& bra(&lLC
2%ntin& O2taAia4 K@i r&'e %aseleC 2n( @ s&r'rin(e as&'ra *a'teiLF4
KDar @ie n<ai Area s<@i ari 2e s2riaiC 2n( a@ intrat HL % ntreb aaC *r a '&ne Are%
insisten n ntrebarea @eaC
K)%ate 2C (ar alt (at4 A@ r@as 2& tea@ (e %2Bi&l t&4 +reb&ie s @ %bin&ies2 2&
2riti2a4 Ai % 2%ntiin in2%r&'tibil4L Ni2i 2n( i sta& 'e gen&n2BiC n<ai *i n stare s te
n2lDeti (e<&n AersC 2e i<ar 'rea (&l2eagL4
O2taAiaC a 2rei 'asi&ne 'rin2i'al era ntr<a(eAr '%eDiaC n& s&'%rtaC 'rea b&2&r%asC
%bserAaiile 2riti2e4 Di@'%triAC se n(rj2a n exBibiii (e %rg%li&4 Cel '&in a2easta era
rea2ia ei i@e(iat4 Cn( r@nea ns sing&rC n& *2ea (e2t s re*le2teDe as&'ra 2riti2iiC se
nrn&ia s&*leteteC 2a s 'r%*ite ar 'e &r@a a2esteiaC
ntrOale '%eDiei aAea@ %<ex'erien 2%ns&@at4 La %ri2t b&nA%in @<a *i n(&'le2atC n&
'&tea@ s<i 'riAes2 Aers&rile (e2t 2& a2eiai %2BiC 2& 2are @i 'riAea@ 'e ale @ele4 !%ia@ s<
% n(r&@4 "N<i 2<iA g&st&l4 "N<i (eDA%lt a&t%2riti2a4 A2easta 2& att @ai @<C 2& 2Nt
re2&n%tea@ reale i @n(re '%sibiliti n '%eDia ei4 O2taAia re&ea &ne%ri s s2rie Aers&ri
*%arte *r&@%ase4 Dar 2(ea 'rea a(esea ntr<% A%rbrieC 2e n& se (e%sebea 'rea @< (e
i@'r%AiDaiile 2e le (ebita n 2&n%s2&tele ei CCirani4eL liri2e4 n2er2a@ s<% *rneD4 ^On2er2a@ s<
% nA s<i 2%ntr%leDe la re2e % '%eDie %(aa atern&t 'e Brtie4 i 2erea@ @ere& s
2ntreas2 s&bstanaC s r&' lstarele (e 'ris%s ale Aiei (e AieC s reteDe rn(&rileC 2e iDA%ra&
(intr<&n *el (e 'ier(ere (e sine n s&nete i n 2&Ainte *r a2%'erir[Jkara tre2ea n Are@ea
a2eeaC (e s*rit (e rDb%iC 'riiitr<&n 'r%2es (e in*laie bneas24 At&n2i i<a@ s'&sC % (atC
'&stiin(&<i Aers&rile 2& 2rei%n&lC tergn( 2& ne@il&ita 3 KAsta este in*laie (e 2&AinteL4 A rs
O2taAia 2%'ilrete i n2i&(atC (ar a a22e'tat terst&rile4 Le<a a22e'tat ns 2& s&*erinC
a'r%a'e 2& i'eteC 2a nite tiet&ri n 2arne4 Cn( n Aers&ri (e<ale ei a@ i(enti*i2at %(at %
sea@ (e re@inis2ene (inF '%eDiile @eleC @<a@ n2r&ntatC @br<2n(&<@i s&*let&l n as'ri@iC
2e n&<@i era& *ireti4 -i<a2&@C a@intin(&<@i (e A%rbeleC 2e<i s'&sese@ att (e a'satC n2e' s
D@bes2 (e seAeritatea @ea e(&2atiA (e alt(at4 De%are2e O2taAia se @'%triAea s
re2&n%as2 e2%&rile (e ai&reaC risi'ite 'rin '%eDiile eiC a@ re'eDit<% 3 KAs2<C (raga @eaC e&
(%res2 s (eAii % 'ers%nalitate '%eti2C n& % @ai@& 7L In @%@ent&l 2n( @i tre2
::Y
'rin 2&get a2este a@intiriC ea i (%Ae(ete ntr<alt 2Bi' '&tinele (e reD%nan la gn(&rile
@ele inti@e 3
C i a@inteti 2n( la "ibi& @i<ai s'&s 2 snt % @ai@& HSF
4CN&<@i a@intes2LC rs'&n( e&C Ks<i *i a(&s ase@enea i'j&ri
.
7 N& &DeD (e at%n ''itete 7L
KB# (aC @i<ai s'&sC i<at&n2i a intrat n @ine tea@a (e a<i F<nai arta Aers&ri (e<ale @eleL4
K!tAi 2t (e ana'%(a ai inter'retat n2er2area jnea (e a te ieri (% an&@e l&ne2&&ri4 D%rea@ s
eAii (r&@&l 2%@%i al i@itaieiL4
KM<a 2a@ (&r&tC (ar re2&n%s2 2 a@ nAat 2eAa4 " tii 2 a2&@ s2ri& Aers&ri @ai b&ne 2Biar
(e2t ale taleL4
Kste t%2@ai 2eea 2e ate'ta@C 2n( @i<a@ r%stit (nrin4V s (eAii % 'ers%nalitate '%eti2C n& %
@ai@&4 !eDiC 2 n 2%ntext&l l%r a(eArat 2&Aintele @ele aAea& % alt se@ni*i2aieC (e2t
a2eea 2e le<% ( a@intirea i %g%l@l H Ne<a@ neles HSF
KAi @ere& a2elai relie* 7 "'irit&l t& 7 i n2er2i 3F riiiC s&n 2a i alt (at 7LF @i Di2e eaC
l&ne2n( &%r
M transC (ar se<nt%aTF2e4
4+i se 'are n&@ai4 De ani (e Dile @ si@t %are2&@
&n ban (e a&r *Ni e*igie4 r%as e*igiaC 'n la
4 < 7aRi 7L *a2e ea @iratC K+& 9 *r e*igie HL
O J 2&@ se (&2e s're *ereastra 2e rs'&n(e s're
ra4 A a % 'riAire (e is2%(ire 'e gea@C a'%iOe<nt%ar2eC
+ire la rr ineC 2& exa2t ex'resia (e alean %2eani2C (e alt
2laia4 -i @i se aeaD 'e gen&n2Bi4 C& exa2t @i2rile BjIitit%ILU e (e alt (at4
i 4='&n 3
C4-lii 2 (e ani n ntr<% *a44N 2Fe ster iii l r&@ 2 HLI @ai ies 7L
K-i Zii aa (e @< s iei (in ea HL
KCe ntrebare i
l^
KO gseti 2&ri%as H N&4 *%arte *ireas24 Aa te A( e&4 +i@' (e &n s*ert (e Aea2 ai (at
%'ere 2e A%r r@ne4 A& intrat %'erele tale (e*initiA n 'atri@%ni&l '=eti2 al stir'ei n%astre4 Ai
(at 2& Ar* i n(esat4 ti % *ig&i (e'lin r%t&njit4 Ai (re't&l la sterilitate4 Mai
::8
@ai s2ris &n rn( 7 M gses2 i (e re(&2ieC (in 2are n& ti&
ai 2iAa ani 9 (e 9 Bai s<i Di2e@ 9 tineree *r Arst 7L
KDe *l2& t%@nati2 7L % ntrer&' gl&@in(4
KDaC @ai ai 2iAa ani (e tinereeC 2e Aine &ns%ri t%a@na i 'rin '%@i4 +reb&ie s te b&2&ri (e
a2eti ani 7 Oare n& te<ai (r&it 'rea @< a2est&i negrit 2BinC a2est&i ist%Ait%r elan 2are este
2reaia H +& n& @ai treb&ie s *a2i ni@i24 Bnt&ie r&l i vreuie4te tare 'e '@nt4 " te
b&2&ri (e 2eea 2e Aiaa Hi @bie n @'rej&rrile triste i a'r%a'e ni@i2it%are (e astDi 7
Cr%ni2a is'rAil%r tale e n2Beiat4 N& Arei s @ai lai i alt%ra (e l&2r& H Ni2i @ie H Las<@
s s2ri& e& (2<a<2&@a i s @ tr&(es2 ntr& *r&@&see i 2nte24 "2ri& e& 9 'entr& tine i n
l%2&l t&4 n t%ate sens&rile Area& s @ %stenes2 'entr& tine4 +e i&bes2 'n la (%rinaC 'n Ia
ArereaC (e a te nl%2&iC s te s2&tes2 (e %ri2A str(anie444L O2taAia se %'ri % 2li'C 2a i 2&@ s<
ar treDi 3 Kki<ani s'&s % 'r%stieC n&<i aa HL
N<a@ rs'&ns4 nregistra@ (%ar 2& *%arte @are l&are a@inte 2i&(ateleC *%arte
2i&(atele l&2r&ri ee<**ii s'&nea a2east *iinC att (e inegal<2& sine n attea (iB as'iraiile
ei4 nregistra@ 2& intenia (e a @ gn(i @ai ti/?iu la 2eea 2e<@i s'&nea4 M gsea@ (ia n%&
n *aa &neia (in %bin&itele ei Ktranse liri2eL sa& s'&sele ei Ae"x2a& (e ast (at (in
a(n2i@ea &nei l&2i(iti in2i(entale H N& era@ (is'&s s a'&2 'e (r&@&l 'e 2are ea @ inAitaC
s<@i '&n a(i2C subt t%ate as'e2tele i<n t%at adnciea eiC 'r%ble@a existenei 2reat%are4
n rsti@'&l &nei (estin(eriC 2e (&ra 2t tre2erea br%(&l&i l&i Car%ti(e la un r la alt&lC @<
arn lsat nAl&it (e 2l(&ra @%ale a *iineiC 2e<@i sta 'e genunc=i5 )rilej&l (e a rnG b&2&ra
era 'ri@Arati2C n& t%@nati2C i era @'letit (in s'len(i(e is'ite i (in rga?ul 2e ni<l
%*erea 'entr& senDaia t%'iriiC absena (e % j&@tate (e 2eas a %@&l&iC 2are era ranC 2l&grC
*a&n i br&t4 Cl(&ra tr&'eas2a a a2estei *e@ei @ 'tr&n(ea (in n%& (&' 2e atia ani ieise
(in s*era si@&ril%r @ele4 A@ @ngiat is'ita 'rin Ae@inte4 )este 2%a'se4 )este 'ie't4 -i ait4
C2i se a&Dea& 'ai !e-a/GrG5 O2taAia i 'rsi l%2&l i nce!u a<i *a2e (e l&2er& 'rintr<&n
(&la'C 2a s abs%arb n tain *iina
::/
&%ara @b&j%rar%C 2e i se iAise n 'al%area %bin&it a /eei5
Br%(ni2&l reAine 2& *r&ntea n(&it4 Ne ase: tustrei la tai*asC (&' 2e '%'a trage n
@ijl%2&l n2'erii
1 @as as2&ns ntr<% *&n(t&r nt&ne2atC 'iIin 2are se
. ir%&la s're alt %(aie4 M si@t (at%r s (a& &nele l@&riri 2& 'iiAire la n%&a @ea sit&aie4 Ce
r%st aAea@ n %ra&l (in a'r%'iere H Art 4l&2r&rile aa 2&@ a&T Aenit4 O (at e'&rat (in
2%r'&l (i(a2ti2 s&'eri%rC Bi s<a gsit gl&jba (e bibli%te2ar4 Un ins %arei2areC %2&'n( %
'%Diie<2Beie 2t 'riAete n%&a n(r&@are a 2<&riiC a*unse la n2Beierea 2 e&C 2are a@
'&bli2at atlea 2ri nea/t-t%as2C '&se a2&@ s&b inter(i2ieC (ar t%t&i K2riLC @ 'ri2e'
(esig&r la bibli%te2rie i 2 @<a '%triAi ntr<% sl&jb n 2%nse2in4 Ca s se 2&r@e
(eDastr&%asel%r @ele i(ei literare %ri2e in*l&en as&'ra tineret&l&iC s<a 2&tat 'entr& @ine &n
'%st (e bibli%te2ar ntr<% l%2alitate *r &niAersitate4 Art br%(ni2il%r i balast&l 2e a'asC
'%triAit (%sar&l&i 2e @i s<a al2t&itC as&'ra tre2&t&l&i eu5 La rn(&l @e& a*l& 2i te 2eAa i
(es're (%sar&l 2% i<a !ins 'e OlteniC @ai nainte 2& 2iAa aniC 'n ntre B%tareC
re %2&'aia (e br%(ni2i4 La Cl&j ei (eAeniser in(eDi<bili (in 'ri2ini '%liti2e *%arte 2lare4 Dar
'&n2t&l 2%l @ai nt&ne2at (in (%sar&l l%r se (at%ra &n&i '2atC n 2are O2taAia 2(ea 'eri%(i2C
(&' 2r&g&l L&nii4 5e@eia are (&B&l li@bii i n&<i st'nete A%rbaC (in 2are<'ri2in '%'a
!asile % a'%str%*eaD (in 2in2i n 2in2i @in&te 2& 2&Aintele 3 +a2i (in g&r 7 9 De ani (e Dile
OetaAia an&n @ere&C n (rea'ta i<n stngaC la 2&n%s2&i @ai Ae2Bi sa& la 'r%as't 2&n%s2&iC
i@inena &nei Ai%lente s2Bi@bri 3 K!in a@eri2anii 'este trei l&ni 7L
9 CC-tiiLC 2a&t s @ l@&reas2 '%'a 6asile3 Ks2&@'a @ea neAast aAe @<e @ari 2aliti
i Are% (%& 2&s&r&ri 'e a2eeai @s&r4 nti&l ei 2&s&r 3 se a@baleaD re'e(e (e %ri2e strin
2e<i intr n casa3 2& 2%n(iia s *i tre2&tC tea*r 'este '&bertateC i<n *ie2are ea Area s
(ib&ias2 &n str%' (e s*inenieCL (e er%is@ sa& bare@ (e geni&4 )e 2t (e re'e(e se a@baleaDC
'e att (e grabni2 se 'li2tiseteC 'entr& 2a n 2ele (in &r@ s (eaC 'e rnd3 2& t%iiC (% 'erei 7
Al (%ilea 2&s&r 3 O2taAia are % *%arte naiA n2re(ere n t%i %a@enii 2e<i ntlnete4 ntr<att 2
le (estin&iete t%t 2e<i tre2e 'rin
::0
2a'C i @ai ales se2rete inti@e4 a s<ar @b%lnAiC (a2C 'rin Are% 2%nstrngereC ar *i a(&s n
sit&aia (e a 'stra 'entr& sine Are&n se2retL4
9 K" <n& 2reDi % i%t (in 'alaArele l&i !asile 7 "<a s2rintit la 2a' (e 2n( 2& br%(&l i 2&
2r2i&@ile 7L ri(i2 O2taAia 2&AntC 2a@ enerAat i nest'nit4
O asig&r 'e O2taAiaC D@bin( 2aAalereteC 2 'n la 'r%ba 2%ntrarieC n<a@ s 2re( ni@i2 (in
2ele s'&se (e '%'a !asile (es're ea 3 KDar AeDiC aa se br*es2 s%ii 9 ntre ase %2BiL4 De
alt*elC t%t 2& nen2re(ereC res'ing a2&Da '%'ii !asile 2& 'riAire la 2%@'%rtarea O2taAie* *a (e
strinii tre2&i te*eri (in2%l% (e '&bertate 3 K& a@ 2&n%s2&t<% 'e O2taAia @ai a2&@ Are% ase
aniC i A( 2 n2 n& a (at 2& @ine (e 'ereiL4
KMai este Are@e i (e asta 7L *a2e '%'a4 C&Ant&l s& 2a(e 2a @%rala n *ab&l4
K-tii 2e H Hai(ei s A%rbi@ (es're alt2eAa 7 "a& @ai bine artai<@iLC str&i e&C KaeDarea4 "
iei@C s ne 'li@b@ 'e lng a'4 Mai a@ ti@'C 2a@ % j&@tate (e %rL4
Ieir@ (in 2as 'n la a'4 In a'r%'ierea 2asei era& nite 2%nstr&2ii (e ntreb&inare
g%s'%(reas2C ase@enea &n%r bar2iC &n %'r%n @are (e le@n i &n @i2 graj( (e aij(erea n
le@n4 A *i A%it s tre2 2el '&in 'rin graj( 'entr& 'l2erea (e a Ae(ea a2%l% Are&n Aiel sa&
@nD4 Dar O2taAia @ (eDa@gete 3 KN<aAe@ n2 ni2i &n 2a' (e (%bit%2 la iesleL4 )entr&
@nDC *'t&r 're*erat a i@aginaiei @eleC (en&@irea (e K(%bit%2L @i se 'r& 2a@ tare4
K?n2 n& ne<a@ '&t&t g%s'%(riC 2&@ aAe@ (e gn( (e<a2i n2%l%LC @ l@&rete '%'aC KaAe@
re2%lte b> i *n 2a s ine@ 2teAa AiteC (ar (e Aite treb&ie n2 s ne 2a@ li'si@4 )%ate 2
n& te ate'tai s gseti ase@enea neA%iai4 Dar 2e tiiC '%ate i<a *a2e 2ineAa '%@an 2&
n%i 7L _ .
K+a2i (in g&rC '%@anagi&leLC l re'e(e O2taAiaC 2a s ne n(e@ne a'%i 3 K" @erge@ 'n la
Aiit%area &n(e ai '&s 'lea2a (e s%@ni4 )%ate s<a *i 'rins 2eAa 7L
O2taAia % ia nainte 'e % '%te2C t%t 'e lng M&re4 N%i (&' ea4 )&rta % *&st 2a@ s2&rt i
ng&stC 2e @ere& se str(&ia 'ar2 s i se ri(i2e 'n 'este r%t&leC (eDAelin( nite '&l'e
'lin&e i (e'resi&nea senD&al (e la s&bs&%ara gen&n2Bil%r4 In 2i%ra'ii negriC strAeDiiC
:/1
t'&l'ele 'rea& nite s%@ni4 Linia 2%a'sel%r j%a2 atrgt%are s&bt Ae@nt4 C&@ *e@eia
@erge naintea @eaC %2Bii *2Bgie *r A%ie *%r@ele4 +re2e@ 'e s&bt arini i sl2iiC QeTi
'rel&nges2 n a' *iina 3 r%ii 2a sngele snt ra(<j'nile arinil%r *in ra@i*i2ate n *iri2ele 2a
'i2i%r&ele t%iria'%(el%rC glb&i snt r(2inile sl2iil%rC 2a<(e 2ear4 Jrvniea @i ar(eC 22i @<
a 'rj%lit s%areleC 2n( a@ Aenit s're aeDare4 Mir%ase a @&g&r 'r%as't i a a' n@%<g%as
(e r&4 Des'ri@Ararea 2l%2%tit%are se4 liniteteC 'ar2C n ti@' 2e s%arele n2lin s're
as*init4
K-i (a2 Aine 2ineAa la br%( 8L @ ne(&@ires2 e&C aa n&@ai 2a s s'&n 2eAa4
KLa %ra asta s<a 2a@ ter@inat 2& tre2t%riiC i 2ine AineC s @ai ate'te 7L rs'&n(e '%'a4
ngrij%rarea @ea era (e *%r@4 !%ia@ s ar&n2 % A%rb 2a s<@i a2%'r interes&l %2&larC 2&
2are &r@rea@ @ers&l O2taAiei i tl'ile eiC 2e se 2&*&n(a& &%r n n@%l&l nisi'%s (e 'e
'%te24
KDe alt*el n& ne (e'rt@ 'rea @<4 Uite 2 se i Ae(e Aiit%areaC &n(e a@ '&s reea&aL4 C&
a2este 2&Ainte '%'a !asile sare i ne<% ia nainte4 Ast*el 2el '&in 2teAa 2li'e A%i '&tea &r@ri
nestingBerit (e Aigilena '%'ii @ers&l O2taAiei4 a n& 'are a se si@i t%2@ai att (e strnsC
're2&@ esteC (e 'riAirile %@&l&i 2e 2al2 'e &r@ele ei4
4 A'a M&re&l&i era 2a s&*let&l @e& 3 relatiA 2&rat (eas&'raC (ar '&rtn( n@%l n a(n24 ABC
(a 7 A'L 2&rat n<are M&ne&l ni2i%(atC ni2i 2Biar n Dilele M2ele @ai senineC 22i albia e
n@%l%asC iar 2er&l se a@este2 n %glin(a a'ei @ere& 2& @l&l ri(i2at (e Artej&ri4
Aj&nge@ la Aiit%area &n(e a'a DgD&it (e 2%bile i (e &n (ig s2&rt (e 'ietre se nt%ar2e n
sine 2a ar'ele 2e s<ar @&2a sing&r (e 2%a(4 Dig&rile a2estea s&nt *2&te 2a s @'ie(i2e
@2inarea 2@'&l&i4
S K"%@nii sta& 'e *&n(&l a'eiC snt 'eti (e n@%lC '%r2ii M&re&l&iC 2are @nn2 (e t%ateLC
n(r&g '%'aC 'regtin(&<se s s2%at 'lea2a (in *&n(&l a'ei4 )n la *aa a'ei '%'a ri(i2
'lasa n2eti%rC a'%i % s@&lge (in Artej&riC br&s24 "<a 'rins ntr<a(eAr &n s%@n (est&l =le
@are4 "%@n&l se Dbate n 'lasC 2e<i n2Bi(e g&ra 'e %s2at4 )%'a i alege 'ra(a (in reea4 C&
&n bri2eag el s'inte2 s%@n&l i<l 2&r (e @r&ntaie4 O'eraia se *a2e 2& n(e@nare (e
'es2ar n2er2at4
:/.
r.
Ne nt%ar2e@4 )e '%te2a O2taAiaC (&' 2e<i n@%aie
nrile ntr<&n @i2 Aa( (e a'C 2&lege &rDi2iC (inC2ale4
K"N (&2i a2as % b&2at (e s%@nC nAlit n &rDi2iLC 7t*ri s'&ne ea4 @i anii ai<se (in b%'ilri*i
2 n@&ierea nril%r liH a' 2 ne2esari 2a e eAii &rDi2ar2a4 Aj&ni iari ct KBanLC O2taAia
'%MAee s%@n&l 'e @arginea Aetrei C<l taie 2& % bar(aC n b&2i @asiAe4 Carnea are
n&&nteF(e r%D4 G%s'%(inrt<'%2t& nAlete n &rDi2i b&2ata 2ea @ai @biet%are i % Aira ntr<%
traist4
KCarne (e tran(a*irLC re@ar2 e&C Ks&nt aniC (e 42Nn( n<a@ @ai @n2at s%@n4 Ce s&r'riD % s
aib D%ra i I%ana 7L
K"&r'riDa le<% '%i *a2e @ai (esC (a2 @ai (ai 'e<ai2iLC @i !i2e O2taAiaC r%stin(&<4i inAitaia
'e<&n t%n 2e n& tr(eaD ni@i2 (in (%rina 2i (e a @ reAe(ea 2t @ai 2&r?,2I4
KCe A%rb 7LC rs'&n(4 CCDa2 @ai (ai 'e<ai2i444 Dar a@ s Ain *%arte (es 7 Da2 n& 'entiFU
alt2eAaC at&n2i 'entr& s%@ni 7L
Ki (aC (esig&rLC gl&@ete ea4 K'entr& s%@ni 7L
N<aA2a O2taAia (e &n(e s tie la 2e t% gn(ea@ s&bliniin( 2&Aintele CC(a2 n& 'entr& altC
at&n2i 'entr& s%@niL4 a a si@it (esig&r 2 A%rbes2 al&DiAC (ar n& a 'rixis sens&l4 5iin( ns
(e *a i '%'a !asileC ni2i e& n& '&tea@ s *i& @ai ex'li2it4 Al&Dia @ea la '&l'ele ei r@nea
s&s'en(at n g%l4
'\
D%rin( s 'rent@'in (e@%raliDareaC (e 2are era@ l&ntri2 'ri@ej(&itC n2er2a@ 'rin e*%rt&ri
(e la % z+ 73i alta s<@i %rganiDeD AiaaC s&bt t%ate *eele eiC n C @i2&l %raC 2e se 2%r2ete 'e la
@argini 2& sat&l4 Mi se 2erea % a(a'tare la 2%n(iii l%2ale i (e e'%2C 2e 2 3 n*iri'a
(e%2a@(at @ai @< 'rin negaiun*5 Urbea @i era 2&n%s2&t (int%t(ea&naC (ar ni2i%(at n-
a4 i 2reD&t a s%arta s @ ar&n2e n a2est b&D&nar die 'r%Ain2iaC nici 2Biar Are@elni24 n2et&l
2& n2et&l i A%i ns&iC
:/:
ea
'raiC % sea@ (e %bin&ine exteri%areC 2e<@i A%r a'ra ntr&2NtAa Aiaa inti@C 'ers%nal4
MiRa@ (%Ae(it r%le ns&@i4 n2 (in a(%les2enC '%sibilitile (e a(a'tare salAat%are la
@'rej&rri 're2are4 N& ani AD&l Qrri Are@iC n a&t%@atiDarea Aieii @ele exteri%areC i n&
!( n a2easta ni2i a2&@ % 'ri@ej(ie (e nenAins 'entr& i'"err tatea @ea l&ntri24
Di@'%triAC n an&@e li@ite Fti'Wrel% exteri%areC n 2are @i (es*%r trai&lC le si@t 2a % 2ara<
'a2eC 2e<@i a'r @ieD&l *iinei4 N<a@ n2linat ni2i%(4atC *i Aiaa ri2 t2iie DileleC s're
i@'r%AiDaiiC 2e r**i<Nr 2%ns&@aC in%'%rt&n i in&tilC '%tenial&l (e s'%ntaneitate4 Un trai 2%ii<
lian n *gae (ateC 2& 2a(ene i s2a(eneC a(&2nrl a S I2C '%ate *%arte bine s *ie &n s2&t
'entr& g'%ntan%iiat & i libertatea interi%ar4
Mi s<a (4it 2l% @<e %rtC n tre2&tC s s2Bi@b Dilai @ele l%2alitateaC @e(i&lC sl&jbaC 4s%2ietatea4
De *ie2are (at Si tC i (%ar n 2&rs (e 2teAa s't@niC s @ a(a't<FFF n 2Bi' %'ii@C n sens&l
salArii *iinei @eleM @i Aa @ai re&i a2est l&2r& i (e<a2i nainte 8 ,s'&ns&l la a2easi
ntrebare (eAine astDi (in 2ale a*ar aneA%i%s4 C2i *%i @&Fa 2a ni se i@'&ne la *ie2are 'asC n
n%ile 2%n(iii '%liti2e i s%2ial%C a@enin s '&siias2 %ri2e Aia4 De ani i ani s&*lat&l i
(&B&l n(&r t%t @ai seri%a i2ii4 5i<A%@ n 2ele (in &r@ re(&i la
*&n2ii CI L%gi2e i la i@in2t&l 'ri@ar al *%a@ei i al t&lrii a2esteia H Alg%ntC regi@&l
&r@rete ntr<a<(iBs &n ase@enea a'%2ali's4 D%2trina %*i2ialC (e4 statC s&sine 2ateg%ri2 2
%@&l este re(&2tibilC 'rji t%ate ale sa&
.
C la a2est instin2t4 A2east (%2trinFse Aa trans*%r@a t
e'tat ntr<% realitateC 22i regi@&l in s<i (Oa%nstreDa Ka(eAr&rileL n 2Bi' 'ra2ti24 n
ti@'&ri (e se2&FIiat</ i (e 'r%s'eritate @aterialC *&n2iile *iDi%</ i instin2t&l *%a@ei n& 'ar
nt*<att (e K'ri@%r<
(ieLC 7e 2LK s&ni A2& SiiF t'aI
A
i nsC (e@ne4 i
r
( '
t
FJrrrVF(IaUtat^LAZ
s2atel 4
S & interAin n C<lri ist%Ai 4PS ja2l la intraL r& % bAeat 2 i M44 r& 'Fit% % n% aAantaj&l
s&*lOU*i
A L,
' 6&i
dv '3 M a
sa Aar %2&'a t%t niai @&l s'ai& n 2%ntiiii*a C
*
abs%rbin(<% h+ balaO(in @ini 2& t%t&l4 n2<
://
ie 2%nA2<
LJ
@
a
I# r%&i F ti%
C
a l ,
(
c9 4
n
2ta
itri
i55 +3 CC
o-5UO !
&tl
Oa
i(C SFFtessiri
atl
t
(</
(ra@i *atalista Intr<% atare rn(&ial 9 n& este n ni &n *( iDbAit%areC 22i n 2li'a 2n(
iDb&teti s M %bin&ieti 2Biar i 2& ase@enea 2r&nte neaj&ns&riC re2i<@&l ns2%2ete 'entr&
se@inia l&i +antal @ere& altel% 'entr& a n& @ai ng(&i ni@n&iC % 2li' @2arC (e bine<
*2t%are (estin(ere4 "e @'lineteC s&bt t%ate 2Bi'&riG J i@aginabile i<n t%at gr%ADia saC
2&Ant&l4 C) ni j<
rI
ar&n2at 2n(Aa a2el 2i%ban (e 'e Ar*&l Bli(ar&l&i =O la C'lna 3
KD%@nil%rC (e<a2&@a n<% b @ai linite ni2ieri i ni2i%(at 7L
"tarea 2ea @ai 'iD@&itC 2e '&tea s<% aib &n O n ierarBia sl&jbel%rC n n%&a %rn(&irr s%2ialC
i (e 2&@&lar( (e salariiC sing&ra stare 2e '&tea s^l a'etit&rile instin2t&aleC (e 2are @%@ent&lC
ist%n nat4 Din '2ate e& @ n&@r 'rintre 2etenii b&ie s ias la 2a't 2& &n singjr salar4
)entr& rea neA%il%r stri2t *iDi%l%gi2e niFL &nitii @ele salar&l @e& (e la Bateane&@ ` 'atis
n&@ai (a2 'rintr<% %'s ) 2& a'te4 N<as tri n B&O&i *i6i%l%giaC 2el '&inC ar nrrF *i_'e2t&l
i@'%rtanei ei 7n3 i (e 2alrii (O i64%riiC s&b@ '* i2ii a& *%st tra@*%i @4Fi ), l%r +IU aj&igea&
'sntr& % 'iin2 tir2F%i i 2& bianle nrr&ri<jatt a t&t&r%r Aal%ril%r4 In*laia nOt<a $Orrr sing&r 3
Aal%ri a(eArate r C n 'rin st%ira24 "&bt i@'eri< F iF
re'reDenta &n
i23
3334Ii2 " Dn 2aD&l < re@ &rs&l
Li>
Cela la '
4 rr
o
%D< t2eea
i
tr<A4
3
2ei @ai @&li (intre 2eti a'r%a'e t%t 2e a@ iDb&ti sl&jbe (i'l%@ati2e 3 tjae@ s*eni2eC
tabl%&riC 'iese A'arinea tre2&t&l&i re2e it i J 2e a@ '&t&t s<% realiDeDC u (eli2ate i
el&(n( legije in AI (e'arte (e "ibi&C aAen@ 2M 4 2& '%@i3C % 2s& (e AarC sing&ra n *aa
2reia aAea@ &n legiti@ 2teAa s&te (e @eriC '&li i i%nataniC 2 @are 2a 'r&neleO i % sea@a
(e n&2i b t&niC al t * (li i li
SOii
a2i<ea is*a2N (%nii<
(ar
t%ii
<n
e
4U*
l<
4
FjslF2#e
OClOi
,
3
ttni 3 & r%( /. r%( '&tea s *a2 2%n2&ren r%(&l&i 2& @ieD 'lin CCM &lei%s
:/E
2& 2%aja s&bire 2a BrtiaC (e la Gren%ble (in s&(&l *ranei4 C& strngere (e ini@ @<a@
(es'rit (e a2est b&n 'e 2are n ti@'&l rDb%i&l&i ne retrgea@ a(esea n ti@'&l Aerii4 D&'
(is'%Diiile legaleC a2&@ n Aig%areC ase@enea b&n&ri n& se @ai '&tea& nstrinaC lin ran Zliri
jNrite l%2&l&i @i l<a 2&@'rat *r 2%ntra2t n reg&l si *r a&t%riDaie (e la @inisterC l&n(
as&'ra sa t%ate ris2&rile (e (re't ale nelegerii4 N<aAea@ n2%tr%4 Anii
e
Pa& trans*%r@at i 'e n%i n %a@eni *r s&*latC 'enibil gi r&in%s re(&i la *iDi%l%gie4
Cea @ai grea (intre grijile 2e ne 2%tr%'ea& n a2ea 'eri%a( (e ti@'C era a2eea a a'r%AiDi%nrii
ali@entareC 2e r@nea (e*i2ientC %ri2te 2eas&ri a@ *i jert*it Dilni2C e&C s%ia i *ii2<@eaC
*2n( K2%a(L4 )entr& satis*a2erea neA%il%r 2&rente (e DarDaAat i %&C (e la'te i 'r%(&sa
(eriAateC @i se %*erea a2&@ &n arg&@ent 2%nAenabil (in 'artea Kbr%(ni2il%rL4 Aranja@ent&l se
n*iina %are2&@ (e la sine4 Din 'arte<@i aAea@ s @ in (e 'r%@isi&nea (e a *re2AentaC 2a@
(e Are% trei %ri 'e s't@nC 'e 'rietenii @ei br%(ni2i4 M<a *i (&s 2Biar Dilni2 'n la a'a
M&re&l&iC (a2 (istanaC 2e n& '&tea@ s<% *ae (e2t 'a j%sC n<ar *i *%st 'rea @are 'entr& %
si@'l 'li@bare4 n @ar *%rat aAea@ neA%ie 'n la br%( (e 2in2i s*ert&ri (e %r4 Ori2t
%bin&ina 'as&l&i @<ar *i n(e@n att (e agreabil C(r&@C n&<@i '&tea@ ng(&i s (istana
'n la Aiit%area s%@nil%rC t%t la (%&De2i i ^ (e %reF % (at4 A2easta ni2i 2Biar n '%*i(a
*a't&l&i 2 Ks%@niiL s<a& 're*2&t ntr<% ex'resie si@b%li2 as&'ra 2reia aAea@ s<% l@&res2
n s*rit i 'e O2taAia7 a Aa l&a a2t (e se@ni*i2aieC D@bin(C i *2n(&<@i &n se@n (is2ret
s n& re'et 2&Ant&l 'rea insistentC n 'reDena '%'iiC 'entr& 2a a2esta s n&<i (ib&ias2C 'n in
2ele (in &r@C 'lin&&lC 2al(&l i senD&al&l tl24
A*ln( (es're (i*i2<ile 2e le nt@'inatt 2& a'r%AiDi%nareaC '%'a !asile @i (es*&r ntr<
% Di &n 's (estinat s ne s2&teas2 (e 2ele @ai @<e (in grijile 2%ti(iane i s<i aj&teC 'e (e
alt 'arteC i 'e ei s se g%s'%(reas2 @ai r%(ni2 'e '@nt&l l%r4 )%'a tia 2eAa -i (es're
intenia @ea (e a<@i 'lasa % 'arte (in banii 2e<i l&ase@ AnDn( ili2it gr(ina (e la
Cisn(i%ara4 "e s2Bia an&@eC 2& eDitriC % n%& in*laieC 2Biar rI
ntia stabiliDare4 Ar *i *%st (e2i i@'r&(ent s in banii s se ir%seas2 (e la sine n 'r%2es&l (e
(eAal%rI
:/>
ea@N C atare (ina(i 'e rn(C t%t s%i
(% (are (in n%& era 2&'rins Brtia4 Un 'lasa@ent *e I kDis2aiAa b&n&ri =xai @r&nteC 2e a<ar
'&tea iari Ain(e I la neA%ieC era la @intea %@&l&i4 )%'a !asile @i 'A%'eC . !jea
i
ii le (a&
&n aj&t%r n bani 2a s<i '%at 'r%2&ra % 7 N ) &nelte agri2%le i 2teAa (%bit%a2e (e
iesle4 Zj
n
'r&@&t le<ar 'er@ite s se n*iri'a @ai
C
AC j iC @'r&@&t&l &r@eaD s<@i *ie
restit&itC riinj I ' nat&ra 3 n la'teC %&C &ntC n DarDaAat&ri (
e
I t%t s%i&lC 2e A%r iei Nin
n@%l&l M&re&l&iC 2a re2%ltele7 Ae2Bi&l&i gi't (in n@%l&l Nil&l&i4 )re&l a2est%ra tr%< *
b&ni s iF@n a2ela (in Di&a aranja@ent&l&i *ixat l
a
I etal%n n%bilC niai 'res&s (% *l&2t&aiile
'ieei4 +%aUJ 'r%<(&sele ni s<ar a2l&2e la l%2&in4 As2<a@ 2<% &re2Be I 2&@ 'tT'a !asile
i (es*&ra &t%'iaC iC 2&@ era@ '%rnit I F'e 'anta bine*a2eril%rC @i *2ea BaD B 2re( 2
ran&l (in e tie 2e A%rbete4 Cn( '%'a iei 'entr& % j&@tate (e 2eas " tr%a2 nite
steni (in Ci&g&( 2& br%(&lC I O2taAia @i s'&ne 3 CCA" n& te 'rea n2reDiL n !asileC [
(e%are2e n 2Besti&ni (e bani n& e 'rea 2instit4 i 'ier(e D 2a'&l 2n( si@te Di@ii ban&l&i n
'al@L4 KHrtia n<are I Di@iLC i rs'&n( 4iar 'e (e alt 'arte n& A( 2e<a 'ier(e4
DeAal%riDarea Briiei a ren2e'&tC i n& Aa @ail '&tea *i %'iitLI n 2%n2l&Die
.
3 ti& aAea@ &n
@%tiA seri%s . b re*&D aranja@ent&lC 2e rni<l 'r%'&nea '%'a4 Iar Fi&te< r =a *g(&ia s ne
s2a'e (e atta 'ier(ere (e ti@'C S i rea a2as a 'r%(&sel%rC (e 2are aAea@ neA%ieC se I i 4S
7 IFi^J si@'l& 'rintr<&n&l (in stenii 2arel tre2ea& M&re&l 2& br%(&lC (&en(&<i
@r*&rile I $te s're Aib4 la s2Bi@b&l 2el%r (%& tre2eri 2&i &iC n2%l% i ?n2%a2eC a
&nei 2r&e 2& 2alC %ri2e I @ s<ar iiF %'rit 'iAa b&2&r%s % 2li' n *aa '%riiI n%astre s lase
2ele tri@ise (e la Br%(4
N<aAea& s trea2 (%& s't@ni 2a s re@ar2 s'%<l r&l (e @i2are n g%s'%(ria br%(ni2A%r4
Graj(&l n& @ail era '&sti&4 Unt&l se alegea la 2entri*&g4 "a'a i 'l&g&V I l&2ra&4 D%a@na
O2taAia '&tea s<i in n s*rit %l *e@eie (e serAi2i&C 2el '&in n 2&rs&l Dilei4 Casa C2eangN
j aAea s 'ri@eas2 Dilni2 2ele ne2esare4 5r&nile se (esere< # 'a& 2a % r&* 2l2atC atit n
aeDarea br%(%i2il%rC 2tj ir Ia n%i a2as4 Din '2ateC %(at 2& a2east s'e2ta2&l%asa
r&iri'areC se iAete la Ban&l (e ling M&Ae s'e2tr&lF `[HU s&@br& neaj&nsC la \gre njei &n&l
(in n%i n& s<aM 4g'(it n a*ar '%ate (e '%'a !asile4 )%'a Aa 'le2a @ai
:/Y
Ijes*ii <l< AliFa4 D% 2cF %4Zi iIi sLi )+ ., + i4iiig&lia @ai 'i / se re'e(e 'n n 2etate e& 'ai
graBiiC (ar i U
@'ie(i2ai intr<% ireal s&tanC 'e 2are n<% @ai '%art
Ae 2n( a r@as *r altar4 Dr&@&l i este 2a % 'ati i 'ati@a l a'&2 @ai ales 'e searC 2n(
tre2t%ri n&
@ai %iit (& a4te'tat la br%(4 La Alba el %bin&iete s Ci4 un 2%'il nest'nit 2te<% j&@tate
(e 2%*eti ie4
le K4 ! F
n
b
S5Oi '
t%*&*2 j
"i (e *iete2aAe (at el @ai tre2e i 'e la 2ir2i&@C s &(e &s2t&rileFC 2e le ngBite 2&
ne@il&ita n 2%*etria (e alt&ri4 n i'%staDa a2easta (e @n2& i bit%r '%'a !asile Hi ( la
iAeal n2 &n&l (in @<ele s&*leteC 2e se a@este2C *r a *&Di%naC n *iina sa 3 2a s
ntreb&in@ &n grai 1_ )
e
Are@ea sin%a(el%r e2&@eni2e4 De ast (at
2
l este 2& a(eArat &n
D@e&4 Din 'ri2ina 'rea (esel%r abateri K'n la Bl*ira(LC '%'aC 2ar2<i K'ie eF 'e
gar(&riFLC aj&nge t%t @ai a(esea n 2riD (e bani t%ata 2 Aenit&rile g%s'%(riei s'%res2
nAe(erat In li r%(&l&iC i 2& t%ate 2 n Dilele (e l&@in l&ngC 2a s<aj&ngC i br%(&l a(&2e
@ai @<4 n2et&l 2& n2et&l i (e%(at 2& Airt&ile (e D@e& ale '%'iiC @ai a'are M&re i %
alt 'a2%ste4 Br%(ni2ii se (%Ae(es2 %a (e%sebit (e CC(arni2iFF i (e b&2&r%i (e 2 2 n& e Di
s2'at '% '@nt (e Deii t&telan ai an%tii l&i 2& l&@in l&ngC *r 2a br%(ni2ii s @i i @as
Are&n '%'C Are% 're%teas sa& (s2litC ^ I se nt%r2 di la Alba s're satele l%r4 Oas'eii
snt ( ai (%a@nei OeaAia4 A& 'rins (e Aeste t'Pi a2eti %a 2 (e la (%a@na O2taAia se '%ate
%bine a'r%a'e 4%ri2e *t s2Bi@b&l &n%r a're2ieri @g&lit%are sa& al &n&i 2%nAeni%nal
2%@'li@entC 2e i s<ar *a2eC Cn( Are&n (as2l 2Bi'e i 2& ar@ata *2&tC sare (in 2r& n *aa
2asei (e la br%(C 2a s<i s'&n O2taAieiC 'e 2it 2&<'&tin n stiB&ri i@'r%AiDateC 2t (e
*r&@%as esteC %@&l e rein&t la @3isN 2& re2&n%tin4 Ai(entC "e '%ate %bine i @ai @<C
(a2 O2taAiei i se %'tete &n 2&Ant (e a're2iere 'entr& Aers&rileC 2e ea le<a '&bli2at @ai
nainteC 2& 2iAa aniC 'rin (iAerse reAiste4 )e a2east 2ale tre2t%rii 2& br%(&l '%t (%bn(i &n
'aBar (e Ain saU 2Biar 'rietenia ent&Diast a (%a@nei O2taAia4 "it&aia e jalni2 ntr<&n *el
H
22i Aears&rile OCHtnAiHi @erit 'e (e'lFn a2este el%giiC (arCF2ei 2e le a(&2C n& si@t ni@i2 (in
*r&@&seea l%r4 Cl(in( 'a !anitatea i naiAa 2an(%are a (%a@nei O2taAia Oltean&C i M
&r@res2 n&@ai s2%'&rile l%rC @asa i Ain&lC
AeDarea br%(ni2il%r (eAine ast*elC n2et&l 2& n2et& 2& a(eArat &n Ban4 -%'r&l (e le@n s<a
&@'l&tC (&' nti&l s%sitC 2& *n4 -i *n&l i rs'n(ete 'ar*&@&l 'rj 'reaj@ 2a % 2Be@are4
A2est %'r& %*er &n%ra ( tre2t%riC la neA%ieC i &n atern&t 'entr& %(iBna n%a'te4 C&
%2a6ia AiDitel%r @eleC (in (%& n ( DileC sa& (in trei n treiC la Ban&l br%(ni2il%rC n
2&rs&G s't@nil%r (e Aar % gses2 a(esea 'e O2taAia stn( (e A%rb 2& a2eti %as'ei (e<%
(&'<a@iaD sa& (e<% n%a'te4 +reb&ie *irete s *a2 2&n%tin 2& eiC @ai ales 2 &ne%ri
%as'eii 'ar ntr<a(ins rein&i I O2taAia l4 ( 'rilej&l (e a @ Ae(ea i (e a @ 2&n%ate
Kn 'ers%anL4 KCelebritateaL @ea a 'tr&nsC (a2 n& 'n la tal'a riiC t%t&iC ntr<&n *elC 'n
la br&@a (e intele2t&alitate (e la sate4 Celebritatea @ea este ns '&r n%@inala4 N& *a'teleC n&
%'era 9 @i s&nt 2&n%s2&teC 2i n&@ele4 Crile @ele a'rea&C ntre 2ele (%& rDb%aieC n4
tiraj @ini@alC aa 2a s a2%'ere 2ererileC statisti2 eAal&atr 2Nni la 2in2i s&te 'e arC ale
a@at%rilYr i bibli%te2il%rC A(eAa<rat e 2 nainte (e :/ A&g&st .0EE se s2ria *%arte (es're
@ine 'rin reAiste i DiareC i (e %bi2ei el%gi%s i abs2%ns4 O'erele @ele n& 2%nstit&ia& ns %
le2t& n(e@na @asei @ari a i&bit%ril%r (e 2arte4 )rintre aAiat%rii 2are @ 2itea&C 2ei @ai @&li
se %'rea& (in neiF%ri<2ireC i eiC interDii nainte (e a '&ne 'i2i%rt7 'e [ sens&l&i4 Unii 2itit%riC
n&trin( nalte 'reri (es're '&terea l%r (e nelegereC r@nea& (e2e'i%naiC i a(esea @
@&stra&C ei 'e @ineC 'entr& ne'&tina l%r (e a @ nelege4 )rintre 2%legii (e la UniAersitateaC
la 2are a@ *&n2i%nat 'n n& t%2@ai (e @<C se gsea& &nii 2are @i s'&nea&C *r
@enaja@entC 2 a *i (e neneles4 A2est%ra Ie re'li2a@ 2 a@ t%t&i (e 'artea @ea &n
arg&r6A @%@ent 2e exist n ar i &nii 2itit%riC 2are @ n n& e& '%rt AinaC 2e @i se
re'r%eaD4 A2e4
2
It arg&@ent ar r@ne AalabilC 2Biar (a2 'e *aa '@nt&l&i ar &n sing&r
2itit%rC 2are @<ar nelege4 C%legiiC 2are se l&(a& 2 n& @ nelegC n& sesiDa& ni2i a2est I
N%r%2&l l%rC 22i alt*el ar *i 'rins (e Aeste 2<i eali*i2ana li'sii att (e inteligen 2t i (e
sensibilitate4
KCelebritateaL @ea n%@inal atrgea t%t&i 2&riI tea %a@enil%r i @ai ales a tineret&l&i4
)ret&tin(eni eiaTi neA%it s n(&r (ib&irile4 5irete 2 atari 2&ri%i tre2eai n& rare%ri i 'e la
Ban&l br%(ni2il%r4 O2taAiaC n ent&DW
s
M
:/;
i (rag%steaC 2e @i le '&rtaC se (a @ere& bir&it (e gbi2i&nea (e a satis*a2e 2&ri%Ditatea
tre2t%ril%r4 li 4'r%a@ O2taAieiC 2 n& @ '&ne la a('%stC i<i arta@ j 2aDn '&n s<@i
st'nes2 enerAareaC 2n(C intrn( n BanC (&' %b%seala (r&@&l&iC (a& 2& %2Bii (e 2te<&n
a"
'eteC 2e se B%lbeaD la @ine4 C
VU
De &n(e<i @ai a(&ni H
3^
% ntreba@ 'e O2taAiaC (&'
2e
%@&l 'le2aC Ki n2Bi'&i 2 @ t%'es2
(e 'l2erea (e
a
<@i larg
.
la in*init 2er2&l 2&n%tinel%r H A*l ci+ n&M<@i *a2e ni2i &n BaD4 -i n&
'entr& asta bat (r&@&l 'n ai2i 7L KC&@ H N& 'entr& asta H Dar 'entr& 2eFHL aa @ ntreab
O2taAia a(esea4
A2east ntrebare % *r@nt se 'are (in 2ale a*ar4 5r@ntarea i<% si@ea@ (in Aibraia
glas&l&i4 O2taAia r%stea a2east ntrebare &ne%ri 9 &%rC nneb&ni Li (e ate'tare4 Ate'ta (in
'arte<@i 9 2e H "<i s'&n e&Ant&lC C&Ant&lC 2e nl%2&iete t%ate grai&rile '@nt&l&i4 O2ta<
Aia @ai 2(ea i a2&@ n trans liri2C (ar 4n&@ai 2n( '&tea@ s *i@ sing&riC ntre n%iC sig&ri
(e &n rgaD nea@eninat (e a'ariia Are&nei (e a treia 'ers%ane4 -i ate'ta (in 'arte<@i 9 2e H
Un 2&Ant4 C&Ant&l 2el @ai %bin&itC 2e i<l s'&n 2t2%(at (%i %a@eniC 2n( snt sing&riC &n&l
2& 2ellalt4 A*e2i&nii reale 2e<i '&rta@C ii li'sea ns K2eAaLC % ni@i2a t%atC s're a *i
@br2at n A%2ab&la (e *%2 2e % (%rea eaC (ar a2est K2eAaLC % ni@i2a t%atC ine (e (%@eni&l
esenel%r4 PA* i li'<
n%ta (e as'iraie4 A *i (%rit s si@t 2 O2taAia @i S=4a22esibil4 N&@ai % ase@enea
a*e2i&ne jn<ar *i OOHet@la (in existena 2%ti(ian n existenta 2reat%are4 Rln atari @%@ente
(e ne@'linire a a*e2i&nii @eleC 'e 2are @i<% si@ea@ s&s'en(at n g%lC O2taAia a(&2ea n
j%a2a (ial%gat 9 a(e@enirile4 aC 2are aAea attea in2%ntestabile (ar&ri s'irit&aleC interAenea
2& (ar&rile tr&'etiC n rsti@' (e xteAa s't@ni O2taAia iDb&ti s<@i lege n a2est 2Bi'
instin2tele 2a (e<&n r&4 M nArtea@ 'e l%2 2a &n ani@al 'ri'%nit4 #%2&l n& era ns
e2Bitabil4 C2i
e
a se @'lineaC n ti@' 2e e& r@nea@ n 2aren4 a i tes*&ra *r @s&r
beia liri2C 'e 2are @ie @i<% interDi2ea n *el i 2Bi'4 & treb&ia s @ a'rin( (%ar (e is'i<ele
2& 2are @ nt@'ina4 & n& @ai treb&ia s n*'t&ies2 n2 e& era@ @'linit4 n (rag%stea ei e&
treb&ia s A( C 2e @i se *2ea 'entr& @'linirea @ea r%t&njit n i *r %riD%ntC n 2are &r@a
s str&i in(e*init4 N&
:/0
nelegea@ ^A@ '&tea s @ tin ta 'etera A%l&'tatiK 'asiAM Ci n c"(+l
f
i ti@' s J!< r<42 (e
la @in2i@ 2&Ain<2are sN<i l%4<b4 as2 i*ts'i2at i s&bli@ (es're i&B&e4
naint@ s're @ieD&l Aerii4 !iDitele @ele la Ban (eAin %bin&inaC 'e 2are ni2i n& @ai n2er2 s
@i<% nAing4 C&<Ant&l ate'tat (e O2taAia n& 2a(eC nsC ntre n%i4 Une%ri O2taAia n2ear2 &n
(iAertis@entC (%ar<(%ar @ A%i B%tr s r%sti se 2&Aint&lI DiAertis@ent&lC la 2are re2&rgeC este
(e a @ *a2e 44gel%sFFC artn( sa& si@&ln( % (etaare4 i *2&se %bi2ei&l (e a rai se aeDa 'e
gen&n2BiC 'strn(&<sM s&*letetiI (istant i re2t
>
C ntr<a(ins4 @i '%Aestea &ne%ri aAent&ri
reale sa& i@4igi4nate (in a'r%'iat&l ei tre2&t4 N<a@ iDb&tit 'n astDi s4 *a2 % (istin2ie ntre
2eea 2e era aieAea 'etre2&i sat n&@ai n2Bi'&it n '%Aestirile ei4 Ori2&@ *ab&laia grat&it se
@'letea 2& relatarea &n%r nt@'lri 2%ntr%labileI Ur@rea@ n i@aginaie t%t 2e a&Dea@C
&ne%ri intrigatC alte (ai ne'st%r4 Cite%(at( @i '%Aestea Aeri(i2 2t%&n4 ntreg Kr%@NnLC
'entr& 2a "a &r@a (&' 2e si@ea 2 @i<a aat n(eaj&ns gel%DiaC s<@i s'&n 2 *@<i ni@i2
a(eAratC 2 t%t 2e a&Dise@C a *%st % ns2%2ireC (e la &n 2a't la alt&l4 N& '&tea@C (&'
ase@enea '%AestiC ni2i s<% 2re( 'e 2&Ant 2 t%t&l ar *i *%st Bs2%2ire4 n e'i2a i@'r%AiDat 'e
a2east 2ale se ?,tegra& eAeni@enteC (es're 2are tia@4 In e'i2a ei @ixtC I ns2%2it i
@e@%rial n a2elai ti@'C interAeneae 'er< I s%naje 2& % 2ert stare 2iAil sa& 2are '&tea& s
ile i(en< I ti*i2ateC 2Biar 2in( se as2&n(ea& s&b n&@e *i2tiAe4
De<% n*iare ex2l&siA @%@%rial @i se 'r& 2eea 2e I O2taAia @i '%Aesti ntr<% Di
2ani2&lar la n2e'&t (e I i&lie4
K-tii 2 n l&nile (e 'ri@AarC n @artieC a'rilieC I te<a@ tr(at4 N& @ai aAea@ njei % n(ej(e
(e a t% reAe< I (ea Are%(at4 +e<a@ tr(at 2a @ rDb&nC 2 n& ai I 2&tat n ni2i &n 2Bj' s<
@i (ai Are% Aeste (es're tine< I M si@ea@ *%arte 'rsit ai2i la br%(C *%arte sing&r I Jn
@&r@&r&l M&re&l&i4 -i ntr<% Di ne<a intrat n 2as I &n s*nt444
.
F
i
K!%rba l&i !asile 3 s*iniiC er%ii i geniile 9LC % ntre< G r&' K'r%babil Are&nC 2j&g&r
<<at%niit H444L
:E1
KN& era 2l&gr4 Aibi rb(are i<i Ae(eaLC @i taie ea
A%rba4
iC '%AesteteLC % n(e@nC '&nn( n 2&Ant&l @e& % as'ri@eC 'ar2 i<a *i 2er&t s n& @ 2r&e
(el%2C 22i si@ea@ 2 @erit (in 'lin 'e(ea'sa 2e @i<% 'regtea4
K "*nt&l s<a 'reDentat la n%i s&bt 2Bi'&l &n&i neg&st%r e 2ear4 Ne<a intrat n 2as ntrebn(
(e *ag&ri (e st&'4 A*lase (e 2%niele (e n&ieleC 2e le aAe@ n (%s&l %'r%n&l&iC i n2Beia 2
treb&ie s aAe@ i *ag&rOC r@ai (in t%a@n (&' &2i(erea st&'il%r4 D&' n*iare
%@&l
'entr& % @nstire @are (e 'rin M%l(%AaC *&r 2tig 'entr& (ns&l4 O@&l era naltC %s%sC (ar
*iraAC n&@ai 'ieleC 2a &n as2etC a'r%a'e trans'arentC 2a 2eara 2& strNngerea 2reia se %2&'a4
Minile n(ese%bi i era& gib&i<streeDii4 Mai trDi& sRa @ai nD(rAenit %@&l4 Dar 2&@ i
s'&nC n& era neg&st%r4 I<a@ 2e(at t%i *ag&rii g%iC 'e (egeabaC 22i @i 'l2& a2est *el (e
neg%4 -i %@&l se ntinse la A%rb4 n ti@' 2e !asie i Ae(ea (e br%( i (e 2lt%riC neg&st%r&l
(e etIaJ @i s'&ne 2 a *2&t % 'r%@isi&ne M2 U#l D%@n&l&i 2n( D2ea 'rin n2Bis%ri4
"tt&se %@&l 2NiAa a@L 'rin be2i&ri4 N<aAea 2e s is'eas2C sta i elC s i se 'tr&n(
n2Beiet&rile (e igrasia s&bteranel%rC 2&@ sta& astDi t%i %a@enii (e treab (in ar4 I<a *%st
(at s s(a'e n2 Ai& (in n2Bis%ri4 -i 2&@ n& aAea alt (e *2&tC 'rinse a 2&ta *ag&ri 'entr&
l&@inri (e 2ea*C a2easta 2a s<i @'lineas2 % *g(&inL4
"Vib&ia@ 'ers%naj&lC (&' 2%nt&r&l *%arte AagC (ar n2 n&<i (estin&ia@ O2taAiei bn&iala
@ea4 "'era@ s @ai a*l& % sea@ (e l&2r&riC 2e<ar *i '&t&t s ar&n2e %arei2are l&@in as&'ra
tre2&t&l&i4
K-i 2e<a @ai &r@at HLF % ntreb 'e O2taAiaC K'ar2 A%rbeai (e<% tr(are .LF
Kntr<&n *elC (ar s AeDi444 Neg&st%r&l era &n s*nt4 n2Bis%rile a& *2&t (in el &n s*ntL4 O2taAia
s&blinia 2&Ant #G e& e@%ii i 2& 2%nAingere4
I K-i t& le<ai lsat n2 % (at n2er2at 7L str&i7 e& 2& intenia (e a @ai s2%ate &n 2&Ant (in
ea4
K5r (e A%ieC asa a& Aenit l&2r&rileLC rs'&n(e O2taAia r@nn( n AD(&B&l ei Aag4
:E.
K"<ar *i '&t&t alt*el H Ni@i2 n&<i sti@&leaD i@aginaia 2a s*inenia 2&iAa n *l%area Arstei 7L
KDaC nt%2@aiL4
K)e &r@ HL
K+i@' (e<% l&nC (%& el Aenea a'r%a'e Dilni2 'e<ai2i4 ?i (es*&ra %@&l 2<&ra te%l%gi2 n
*aa @ea4 "<a n(rg%stit (e @ineL4
KCeea 2e era (e ate'tatLC % ntrer&'C Ki n2Beierea HL
KMi<a 'r%'&s s @ (es'art (e !asile i s ne l&@C 22i i&birea el n<% Ae(e (e2t 2a % iDbn(
a Aieii n *%r@e biseri2eti4 Ne *2ea@ a(esea @rt&risiri (e *%24 Dar n 2li'a 2n( s ne
@bri@C el 2(ea 2a tiat 'e la gen&n2Bi i n2e'ea s se r%age 3 Mai2 )re2istC 'Dete<ne
(e %ri2e is'it4 -tia 'e (ina*ar t%t 2easl%A&l4 M silea i 'e @irL s @ r%gC 2a s al&ng@ (in
'reaj@a n%astr (iaA%lii is'itel%r4 La str&inele %@&l&i @ nA%ise@ n 2ele (
3
4n &r@ s @
(es'art (e !asileC a@ A%rbit 2Biar 2& i (e la Alba n a2east 2Besti&ne4 N&@ai 2&
!as iese@ n2 s @ neleg4 dilele tre2ea& i
ne i&bea@ 9 A%rba Aine4 Ne *2ea@ @r<
t&risiri *r s*ritC 2&@ i *a2 *l2rile 'e<% Aatr4 Cn( n2er2a@ s<l a(&2 'n la
@briareC el 2(ea n gen&n2Bi i se r&ga4 ntr<% Di@<a@ treDit 3 s*nt&l era @ania2 7LL
K"a i<l s'&n 2ine e HL % ntreb 'e O2taAia4
KII tii HL
KDa2 @i l<ai artat a'r%a'e 2& (eget&l4 Dar Bai(eC A%rbete 7 9 C& 2ine @<ai @ai tr(at n
2&rs&l anil%r HL
KAa 2& n2 Are% (%i<treiLC @i rs'&n(e O2taAiaC 2%ntabili2ete4 ra '%rnit s (es2Bi(
2r%ni2a (e la Ban4 Dar i reteD A%rba4
KDest&l 'entr& aDi 7 Mania2&l @ai Aine i a2&@
'e<ai2i HL
K,ar4 +%t @ai rar4 "<a ter@inat '%AesteaC 2n( a@ l&at sea@a 2 este ne@'linitL4
K!%rba l&i !asile 3 ai n2e'&t s (ai 2& el (e 'erei 7L
KCa@ aaC n& n&@ai si@b%li2C 2i a'r%a'e *iDi24 I<a@ s'&s 2 n&<i (in l&@ea n%astrL4
AAea@ 2ertit&(inea 2 O2taAia n<a (%Dat
.
2& ni@i2 I@aginar '%Aestea neg&st%r&l&i (e 2ear4
-i @<a@ n2r&ntat '&inC 'ier(&t n gn(&rile @ele4 M ntreba@ (e 2e O2taAia se (e( a2est&i
exBibii%nis@ (e a@intiri4 O *2ea (in slbati2 '%*t *e@inin (e a<@i aa gel%<
:E:
Dia H "a& n&@ai (in slbi2i&nea (e a n& '&tea 'stra ni2i &n se2i et H Oare s<ar *i @b%lnAit
(e se2ret&l 2iC (a2 n& i I<ar *i (at 'e *a H Mai era 2& '&tin i alt 2eAa 3 '%Aetile ei eraF&
'%ate 2a % 'regtire n Ae(erea &nei is2%(iri4 Inteni%na '%ate s @ (es2%aseC 2e<a@ "2&t n
rsti@'C (a2 n& 2&@Aa n 2r%ni2a @ea inti@ s<a& nse@nat eAeni@enteC (es're 2are n&
a&Dise n2 ni@i2C sa& nt@'lri i *a'te (es're 2are 'n la ea n<a& *tj&ns (e2t DA%n&ri Aagi4
O 2&ri%Ditate Art%as sa as2&n(ea n (%s&l g&re&l&i exBibii%nis@ i &n %rg%li& rnit4 a
(%rea s l@&reas2 n(e%sebi an&@ite DA%n&riC 2e 2ir2&laser 2n(Aa n j&r&l @e&4
K!eDiC e& s&nt sin2er 2& tineC i s'&n (e t%ateC (ar t& n& s&*li 2&Ant (es're ale tale 7L @i
re'r%eaD 2aC ri(ien(&<se (e 'e gen&n2Bii @ei4
KDes're ale @ele HL % ntrebC 'ier(&t4 -i gB(&l @e& % l&a *%arte (&2& s're Ana ,are4 a
era sing&i a *iinC n j&r&l 2reia n2Bi'&irea @ea 'l&tea (e C ini 2&
alintri (% AisC 2& nAl&iri (e %bsesie4 Dar 'entr& exis<@ea 2%n2ret 'rintre 2%ntingene
CO3OC#^IZ Ana lise &n si@b%l al ina22esibil&l&i4 A(i2 9 % real b%al4 -i ni@eneaC ni2i
Ana nsiC n& bn&ia ni@i2 (es're a2est @%rbC 'er@anent tnjit%r s&bt%n al existenei (e t%ate
Dilele4 B%ala @ea era 2a &n elan @%2nin( s&bt 2en&C b%alC (ar n a2elai ti@' sing&r&l
2le@ent aC (at%rit 2r&ia @i (e'ea@ 2%n(iiile s&b<%@eneti ale biet&l&i @e& trai (e
la % Di la altaM4 "i@b%l al ina22esibil&l&iC b%alC elan @%2nin( s&bt 2en&4 M si@ea@ 2a &n
@are @&tilat al existeneiC 2%@'letat n in (2<&n @%rbC 2e ntreinea s&*larea n @ine4 A %are
O2taAia 2eAa (in negritaC b%lnaAa @el%(ieC I Dbtea n @ineC s&*erin i *ar@e2 n
a2eiai ti@' H A si@it ea 2eAa (in 2nte2&lC 2e n2er2a s se n2Bege i n& se '&tea r%sti H
O2taAia n<aAea 2&@ s si@t a2eastC stareC 2e se alegea n @ine (in *r@ntri 2el&laxe 2&
ai4 6
Ia s2Bi@b O2taAia Aenea 2& re'r%&ri n legt&r 2&
ii Cr a2&@ 2iAa aniC 2 @<a *i Ka@balatL (e<%
2 st&(entC al 2rei n&@e e& l<a@ &itatC (ar 'e 2are
@ai reinea n *%2ar&l gel%Diei ei tar(iAe4 ^
44dA%n&rile n j&r&l @e& 9 ia& (e %bi2ei % n*i<
2& t%i&l *anteDist4 ki<a(&2i a@inte (e 'ri@Aara
:E/
an&l&i .0EG H Ii ainte4ti 2e /a Bi(%as a& l&at ins%@niile @el2 n i@aginaia &n%r
2%l'%rt%ri /r rs'&n(ere H +&C O2taAiaC ai *%st &na (in '&inele 'ers%ane n sUi&Wia (e aRi
'&tea (a sea@a 2t (e @%nstr&%s se (eD<ln*&ie &ne%ri *ab&laia %bteas24 -i<at&n2i 2e @ai
ate'i H " (eD@int 2e se (eD@inte (e la sine HL n ti@' 2e<i arta@ ast*elC 2t (e abs&r(e s&nt
(r&@&rileC 'e 2are &@bl &ne%ri n2Bi'&irea n%r%(&li& i a ntril%rC O2taAia se xelrageC
n2r&ntatC n 2%l&l n2'erii ntr<&n *%t%li& 2& res%rt&ri &Date4 A&Dise 'ai 'e<a*arC ea 2are
sta 2& &re2Bea @ere& la 'n(C *r a 'rea 2 % *a2e4 "e a'r%'ia 2ineAaC i n& treb&ia s ne
ls@ s&r'rini intr<% sit&aie att (e inti@4
Cel 2e intra era 2Biar '%'a !asile4 i ter@inase 'a Di&a a2e%a a2tiAitatea (e br%(ni24
KC%rni A( %2Bii HL Di2e elC K'ar2 A<ai *i (&@nit 7 -i !4ntry 2e @ r%g HL
K<aAea@ s rs'&n(e@C ni2i e&C ni2i O2taAiaC &nei ntrebri3 n 2ar% se *&riaC nt@'lt%rC %
(est&l (e j&st %bserAaieC (ar 2are aAea i &n &%r aer (e 'r%A%2areC O n2r&ntare (e 2%'il
ne2jit se instalaseC ntr<a(eArC i iica (%2il i t%t(ea&na (is'%nibila %ri2rei ex'resiiC a
O2taAiWiC )%'a se a'r%'ie (e ea i 'rin(e s<% gi&gi&leas2 2& gest&ri tr(n( % Ai%lent !o/t
2arnal (e *a&riC O2taAia l l%AeteC 2& &n si@@nt (e silC 'este rainile 'r%aseC 2are %
2%tr%'es2 2& insistene ne<t &I4iriate4
KiC AxenteC AD&i 2t e (a *rigi( H Ce<a s'&neC t&C n *aa &nei *e@eiC 2are n& s&'%rt ni2i
atta atingere HL ntreb '%'aC a(&nn(&<i 2& li@ba r@iele (e @n<2areC 2e i se Arser
ntre gingie i &n '%( (e @etal
Kntr<% 2ani2&l 're2&@ 2ea (e aDiC atingerea (e<&n gBear '%ate *i i ea 'l2&t 7L rs'&n( 'e<
&n t%n 2& t%t&l (etaat (e s2ena (a al2%A (e a(n2a%ri4 )%'ii i *2ea@ 2& a2easta 2%n2esia
i'%2rit (e a a22e'ta 'rerea l&i (es're r2eala O2taAiei4
Ce<i i@agina n *%n( 'rintele !asile n legt&r 2& att ^*cI (esel% @ele AiDite la Ban&l l%r H
)rintr<% sing&r r%4<tireC l&ng 'e 2t '%ate *i % res'iraie s&s'inatC a2exista n& se '%ate artaC
iar 2eea 2e A%i s'&neC se al2t&iete aneA%ie i @ai @< (in 'res&'&neri iFbn&ieli )este t%ate
i (in t%ate r@ne &n *a't 3 el n&trea (in 0(a2 2%nAingerea 2 s%ia sa n& e *2&t 'e @s&ra
&nei
:EE
Aiei er%ti2e n%r@ale i %rgani2e4 a %raC (&' 'rerea sa3 % intele2t&alC % religi%asC %
exaltat4 -i AiDitele ele3 l&ngile n%astre 2%nAersaiiC n rsti@'&l /ierbinte 2e 2&'rin(ea n
'aranteDele sale a2tiAitatea (e br%(ni2 a '%'iiC '& '&tea& s aib n %2Bii a2est&ia alt
se@ni*i2aieC (e2t 'e a2eea a &nei 'rietenii intele2t&ale4 Cn( *e@eiaC (in<ix<&n 2a'ri2i&
@br2at ntr<&n 'retext %arei2areC (e *als te%l%gieC ba 2 ar *i Di&a 'ati@il%rC ba 2<i Di&a
s*intei D%2BiiC re*&D s<i @'lineas2 '%*tele (e al2%AC 2eea 2e se ntN@'lC (&' s'&sele eiC
t%t @ai <deseG3 '%'a se arat (in 2ale a*ar iras2ibil4 i sare din ni@i2C /. a'&2 *&rii (in
albastr&l triei4 De&nDi 2BiarC 'e 2n( s%sea@ /a Ban i &r2a@ tre'tele 'ri(A%r&l&iC aAea@ s
n&(C n2 (e ararC i'ete i l%Ait&ri n(esate4 )e '%'a l gsii 2a ieit (in *ire4 Intrn( n %(aia
@areC l A( 2& &n s@%2 (e 'r n @in4 l s@&lsese (in 2a'&l O2taAiei n ti@'&l n2ierrii4
O2taAia s2'ase 2& attC (at%rit intrrii @ele n s2en4 Dar '%'a !asile a *%st neA%it s-i
as2<e A%rba4
KN& te<ai 2iDelat (el%2 Ia 2%lile 'e &n(e ai &@blatLC i s'&nC C4t%t ran 'r%st ai r@as 7L
Alte (ai %raC (&' 2ite '&tea@ s 'ri2e'C 2Bin&it &% gel%Die4 i aAea el *r n(%ial bn&ielile
saleC (ar 4i le gt'n2aC i *2ea %ri2e s eAite % eAent&al 2%n*ir@are4 "e *erea s is2%(eas24
Ba @ai @<4 A@ aA&t (e aitea ari 'rilej&l s re@ar2 2 ni2i%(at n& intra n %(aiaC &n(e st@
la tai*as 2& O2taAiaC *r a (a senine (e a'r%'iere n2 nainte (e a aj&nge 'e 'rag&l
'ri(A%r&l&i4 )%'a ar&n2a 2te<% nj&rt&r (&l&l&i 2e 'Dea 2asaC sa& A%rbea @ai tr4reC (e2t
era neA%ieC 2& 2ineAaC (a2 2ineAa 4se ni@erea 'rin a'r%'iere4 "e *2ea &n2%4i 2 strig 2eAaC %
A%rb (e 'ris%sC ar&n2at Are&n&i 2lt%rC 2are s%sea t%2@ai la 5vcA. i!ai a(esea t&ea
Dg%@%t%s i *r 'ri2in4 l se n(e@na la t%ate astea i la alteleC 2a n& 2&@Aa s ne s&r'rin(IVC
'e @ine i 'e O2taAiaC n Are% sit&aie 2e i<ar *i ntrit bn&ielile4 Ai(ent el n& (%rea s Aa(4
O (atC *iin( 'r%babil *%arte grbitC '%'a &itase s ia atnri @s&ri (e 'reAt re, &intindu-4i
t%t&iC (e ele n <i@&l @%@entC ^4 . a bt&t n &C nainte (e a intraC i a'%iC *r (% a intra
i<a @ai d2&t %@&l (e l&2r& in 'ri(A%r 2t2Aa 2li'e4 A intrat (%ar (&' &n rsti@'4 De%are2e
at&n2i el -i<a s&bliniat j%rea insistent %4bi2ei&4.C B%tri s<l linites2 sa& 2Biar sN<i (es*iineD
bn&ielile4 L<a@ 'ri@it s&r<
:E>
Dn(C (ei era@ n2 2& %brajii @b&j%rai (e *%2&l *e@eii4 -i i<a@ s'&s aa 2a<n gl&@ 3 Kti
&n %@ *r 'ere2BeTC !asile 7 A@ l&at sea@a 2 ii 2& %ri2e 're s n& ne s&r'rinDi n Are%
sit&aie (eli2at 7 -i ne (ai se@neC *el i *elC 2n( te a'r%'ii4 A*l 2 i *a2i griji (egeaba4 "e
4'%ate s ne bn&ieti 2Biar n Bal&l sta 7L
N& se ate't '%'a la &n ase@enea 2&Ant4 A@ iDb&tit s<@i r%stes2 @&strarea 'e<&n t%n att
(e *ires2 i (e gl&@eC 2 n2e'&r@ s r(e@ t&strei4 O2taAiei i 'l2ea nes'&s *el&l
(estin(erii 2e<% a(&2ea@ n at@%s*era 2aseiC (e %bi2ei 2& 2te<% gl&@C la 2are ni2i &n&l n& se
ate'ta (in 'artea &n&i %@ n& 'rea g&raliAC 2&@ se *2ea s *i& De at&n2i at@%s*era la Ban&l
br%(ni2il%r s<a @ai n2r2at n2 (e atitea %ri 2a n Ae(erea &nei *&rt&ni4 Dar *&rt&na se a@ina4
A2&@ era@ (&' % Di (in 2ele @ai *ierbini ale an&l&i4 M&n2ise '%'a la br%( n aria s%arel&iC
4 br%b%ane (e s&(%are i nrn&ia& *r&ntea i %brajii4 n n2'erea &n(e st@ 2& O2taAia se
a(&nase t%t jr<gncil Aerii4
JJ Di2iC !asileHL l ntrebC K*a2e@ % baie n a'ele &l&i H 7 La %ra a2easta 2lt%rii n& @Ni (a&
b&Dna br%(&l&i4 N<a@ Ae@nt (e baie la @ineC i ) ibil ni2i A%i n<aAei4 Dar s<% *a2e@ 2a
nite a(e'i ai @l&i4 Ne<%@ (&2e 2%lea @ai la % 'arteC 'e &n(e
1 JC 'e &n(e n2e'e trestia4 O2taAia treb&ie s ne
'n i n& se Aa &ita 'e *ereastrC la n%i4 N& aAe@
n&(&ri4'rea *er@e2t%are 'entr& %2Bii &nei *e@eiC ni2i t&C ni2i e& 7 De alt*elC 2&@ *e@eia este
*rigi( 9 2re( 2 ren&n b&2&r%s la 'l2erea 'r%ble@ati2 (e a ne Ae(ea iiitrn( g%i n a'ele
M&re&l&iL4
\
I&lie n& aj&nsese la 2&@'na a'el%r sale4 Ur2a n24 OrOle (e (i@inea Aestea& 2& l&@ina l%r
tare 9 2ani2&la # 'e la n@ieDi4 M gsea@C '%triAit %rar&l&iC la sl&I n r2%area agreabil a
Ae2Bi&l&i l2a (e 2<&r BaterS4<ne&@4 Cl(ire (e *%st biseri2C i n 'arte (e 2etateC 2&
:E/
'iAniiC n 2are se 'streaD Ain&ri Ae2Bi n b&i &riae4 'iAniele a& *%st 2n(Aa 2aA%& (e @ari
ierarBi4 Bir%&l
n
ii<l instalase@C n2 (e la n2e'&tC n n2'erea ng&stC 2a ^te t&rnC &n(e se
gsete i 2%le2ia (e strAe2Bi i *%arte rare @an&s2rise4 )e *ereastr se '%ate Ae(eaC 2a &n
tabl%& nr@atC % 'arte (in M&nii A'&seni4 ra@ la etaj -'alt I (eas&'ra n& @ai era (e2t
%bserAat%r&l astr%n%@i2 2& &neltele sale @&Deale (in se2%l&l al X!III<lea4
Ora era n2 @atinalC 2n( &a (e @etalTa bir%&l&i
s
e (es2Bise s2rin( (in ni r&ginite4 O
AiDit (esig&rC nt%r2 2a'&l4 D%a@na Ana ,are4 Dit s intre4 Mi se 'rea 2 Aine (intr<&n
s'ai& irealC (e &n(eAa (intr<&n (e'rtat tre2&t4 Are s intre ntr<a(eAr H ntrebarea treb&ia s
@i<% '&nC 22i s<ar *i '&t&t nt@'la s se *nienr2C (e n(at 2e ar *i (at 2& %2Bii (e @ine4
!enea b Mine H )&in 'r%babil4 C2i (e l&ni (e Dile ea '&nea % A(it 2%nse2Aen n a @
%2%li4 A@ re@ar2at a2easta n& % (at4 A@ re@ar2at a2easta 2& n(&rerare n re'etate rn(&riC
a(i2 (e 2te %ri a@ *i aA&t 'rilej&l (e a ne ntlni 'e Are% stra( a &rbei4 Ana *2ea 2e *2eaC 2a
ntl<nirea4sN n& aib l%2I ea intra n Are% 2&rte sa& ntr<% 'rAlie4 Dis'rea &ne%ri 2& %
a(eArat (ib2ie4 Ce s<a nt@'lat 2 (e ast (atC a ni@erit &a bir%&l&i @e& (e Ia
Bateane&rnC &ren( 'n a2i tre'te @<eC n s'iral %b%sit%are H M 2&ta 'e @ine H a intr
ntr<a(eArC i@irea @ea 9 se a'r%'ie (e @asa (e s2risC ele &n(i3F n& a'&2 s @ ri(i2 (est&l (e
re'e(eC s're a %F 'ri@i n 'i2i%areC 2&@ (esig&r s<ar *i 2&Aenit4 Ana @ 2a&t (e2i 'e @ineC iar
n& 'e alt&l4 a n&<@i 2al2 'rag&l (inir<% si@'l er%are4 De alt*el % er%are ni2i n<ar *i 2& est
l2a 9 a'r%a'e nel%2&it4 Ana intra 2& &n D@b%AC S r4e%l D@bet (e ne&itatC 'rin 2are se r%s<4
Lei4 d@bFet&l eiC 2are este tin&ire i
n&li 2 in Ii ti@'C are (ar&l s (es*iineDe
itr<% B%trre a 2iC se '&sese ntre n%i n *a (% eaC 2a s '&n ntre n%i % (istana4 In 444C4<
*i n2'&t 2%nstelaii H
)e la n 1 '&t (e 'ri@Aar ne<a@ ntlnit ntia %ar
ea &n2ie aAea@ s slNl&i@ *r ter@en4 Ana n<a
at&n2i &n sing&r 2&AntC 2e ar *i se@nat a inAi<
(e a tre2eH 'e la eaC s<% A( a2as4 ra 2eAa @isteri%s
St&(inea ei4 O 2&t Aerti2alO 'e *r&ntea ei @i s'&<
:E8
nea 3 n& Area& s te A(4 Dar a2&@ era D@bit%areC aa 2&@ % 'strase@ (e ani n a@intire4
KCe @ai *a2eiC (%@n&le )r%*es%r HL @i ntin(eO ea @naC Ka@ a&Dit 2 se gses2 ai2i la
ateane&@ nite Ae2Bi @an&s2rise 'ersaneC 2& il&straii4 A Area s le Aa(C (a2 exist 2&
a(eArat4 -ti& ns 're2is 2 n n2'ere<C a2eastaC 2& & *ere2atC se a*l 2elebr&l C%(ex
a&re&^ (in se2%l&l ai IX<lea4 +re2n( 'rin *aa 2l(iriiC i *i&U % Di a<4a (e 2al(C @i<a@ Dis 3
Bai(eC intr 7 M @bi, r2%area 22<% bn&ia@ n (%s&l a2est%r Di(&ri4 Ce bine 2 exist Ae2Bi
@an&s2rise 'ersane n Ae2Bea 2etate a Blgra(&l&iC i &n 2%(i2e (e a&r 7 N&<i aa HL
K& a Di2e 3 2e bine 2<n @area (e @%B%r i (e tristee @ai ei2tet 2etatea Blgra(&l&i 7 Alb
2el ale n2 n& (e t%t s&*%2at (e Ai2isit&(iniC 2@' 2e @ai 'ri@ea na&*ragiai 7 Alba 2etate a
l&i "i@i%n -te*anC a N%&l&i +esU4raenlC a s<ir2%*agel%r s&bteraneC a Aieii 2e ni2i gn( n& are
4s4!Oi 2&r@e s&*larea 7L
KU& Fn2`Jiit (e i@n HL
K)e &nF
.
4L D<ta &@bliC AnaC s<a&(% @ere& &n i@n4 l 2@M 6F<t<(sile anti2e 'e s&bt %g%areC i<
2nl in l&@ina a'ele 7M
,%stea@ 2&Ainte a'r%a'e *r legt&rC ntr<att sL (estr@a *iina @ea (e 2en& la atingerea
2&Oaerr
.
4 !%rbele @ele 2e 'rea& *rnt&ri (e i@nC aAea& ns i &n s&bt%n (e @&strare 2areC
tl@2it n 2&AinteC ar ti s&nat 2a@ aa 3 a@ n2e'&t s @ 2%ns%leD n *aa ina22esibil&l&i 7 De
2a a2&@ a2east neate'tatC trDieC neb&n "
A@ s2%s (intr<&n s2rin *ere2at @an&s2ris&l 'ersan
in&t s&bt @ai @<e la2te4 A@ @ai '&s &n s2a&n n
*aa bir%&l&i @e&4 Ana ia l%2 ling @ine4 Des2Bi( @an&s<
+ s&bt %2Bii 2i4L legat n 'iele r%ie4 )rin(e@ a
S 4 I ele n%astre 2%iaB%reaDNC a@esteen(&<se4 ra
3
IIJ4C3. &nea e'%'ei 'ersane 3 Cartea regil%r4 Oteera
a iM+&i @ete 2aligra*4 N& '&tea@ s (ee2i*reL4
i2C (in a2est s2ris4 )entr& %2Bi&l n*%@etI4H
iete2e 'agin e 2a % 'ajite (e @taA
i ns stteiga2i n *a nel%r4 N& AW(eW@
iOl&eC 2&iignC s'irale n2e'&teC 22<@i '-2&&
elerr % &nei 2ereti sie24 tea 'eri N
e n C i 2& @<e '&n2teC '&se att s&bt se@ntFSF
:?;
, ne3
Aers Dn
i&nt
i 2te<4 s2enei4
etali&l
2l % (eas&'ra4 Oarei2are sten%gra*ia treb&ie tet&CiC n al2t&irileC 2e le Ae(e@C (e%are2e &n
3OC?<Z i2ZtC 'e<% ntin(ere (e tr2i<'atr& 2enti@etri4 Dict 2& @ete&g 2Bi%r 'entr& Uii %2Bi F %
seT i2a sl%Ae4 5il&leC s2rise i 'e<% jr&'te '2<al%2&ri (e 2te<% 'a<i il&strai iiC r2'r*2rAntFn(
s2%rie i@ l&2r&ri generai %@eneti 3 gestC (ar ni2i%(at se@ni*i2aia ii&l a2estei arte n(r&@
%2Bi&l 4UDat 2& negrit @igal4 )entr& i re(ate ale (egetel%r &neiF @iniC sti2l @rit%are4 +%t
(.0+ 'entr& 4t& (e2%r&rile *%ial% al% &n&i 2%A%rC ataat&rile (in 'nDa unvi 2%rt regalC '%(%abe
(e a&r sa& (e r4r
r
'e Ba@&l &n&i r%ib sa& 2atr4 O n2nL&% x@%nii (PJ ansa@bl& a 2&l%ril%r
*%sele Aii4 E 'entr& 'r%s'ei@ea 'strat ti@' (e a& iDb&lit a2eti @aetri s 3L<IJ7 're'are 2e
'lante H Din 2e 'ietre H Din 2e . Mi H iri (e seAe H N& '%t s (a& Anei , ( Lalar@a @ea se
r%stete (%nr n ex2F FCiiC SS i*r%rana4 "&nt sl&jba al a2estei i I%<44 ni2i abilitatea (e s&'ra*a
a &n&i jIBi(4 %are % in*%r@aie @ai a@'laC (etali&l sa<2ase nentar2a 2e se (es'rin2% Aibrant
(in 2eea 2e bJj Ae(e H M 2%ns%leD 2& n(%ialaC *a2n( (in neaj&ns % Airt&te4 n *tia n%astr s%
(2s*2ai @in&nile 2C%lEristi2e ale rsrit&l&i4 Urniri@ i *ig&rile 3 s&nt (eli@itate 2&
're2iDieC 'ar2 t%ate ar *i tiate 2& bist&ri&l4 O s'a( lat (%ar (e<&n @ili@eFr& ng(&ie sN<i
AeDi (e2%r&l (% *l%ri2ele4 5ig&rile %@enetiC rig&r%s stiliDateC res'e2t n2 (%rina %ri2r&i
'riAit%r (e a re2&n%ate se@inia4 "&nt a2i tae nAe(erat 'ersane i *ee ttare4 !e(erea @i
'%atT str&i 'r%a n(el&ng as&'ra %nsa@<bl&l&i &nei il&straii4 ti n(r&@at s<i r2strrgi
@%re& aria # @ s is2%(%ti *r&@&seea 'e rn(4 Ane2(%ti2a s2e<
ne
.>r H AneA%ie (e neles *r
(e 2%ntext&l '%e@ati24 "s A( rJta2&ri 2& s&iii ntr<% btlie i 2i%2niri (rDeC (e se&t&ii4 n
alt 'arte *e@ei 'riAes2 'e *ereasU la &n ;>rC t 2& tiHjan4 )% 'erete le 2l(irii (esl&eti
%rna<nH4eO 7<
a
O
.
46V4 L!r&4 <d O taia<i<i Usea@n 2& W A43n hvd-FO& tiOjjx<% 2are i<&rn A%rbit
2ia(AaC Ana ,ar%HC 2&b%iin(
:E0
2e
n<a M i O
'arteC h$
rin @<4i<Fr424i
'%Aestite n
*iineC %bi2eiF
j
e
ansa@b4&
@ai ales n
.
L
.
a &r@ri L&iil% (esAFi4
eti n2er2at s re2&rgi
a (isiinge arabe I2&ril2
% 'entr& N&anele
Aea2&ti4
7
2&l%rile H i -i (in C# l@&rire *rini reCFII *eeiC (ar Dar ar '& AantC s i
'
e lng a'a "ebe&l&i (e la C'lna la C@'&l 5r&@%asei i a@inteti Di&a 2n( ai l&at s%arele
i @i /<ai '&s 4 s&*let HV4 )e<% alt *il &n rege i ineC ngn(&ratC 2a'&l
t
'al@C n ti@' 2e n
*aa l&i &n 2&rtean i % *e@eie n Ae @nt r&bini& j%a2 aB4 )e<% 'agin &n 2aAaler 2D&t (e
'C 2alC (%i brbai n gen&n2Bi (eDbr2ai 'nn br&C 'ar^Z ar ate'ta s li se taie 2a'&l4 -i<
a'%iC n s*ritC % il&strai (ir* 'ara a'r%a'e 2 se (es'rin(e i &n neles 3 (%&4I tabere Arj@ame
i sta& *a n *a I 'e 2@'&l (intn ele lin 2a4Aal4er r'&ne 'e<&n alt&lC n ti@' 2e serAit%ri le
iB 2aii Ia % 'arte I taberele &r@res2 l&'taC ns'i@n tn(FA<s &na 'e alta 2& s&nete (in
tr@bie (e a&r4
5ereastraC 2e ( s're M&nii A'&seniC ng(&ie &n=r l&@ini egale s 2a(C te@'erat (e
gr%si@ea (e a'r%a' (%i @etri a Di(&ril%rC 'e *aa (%a@nei Ana4 )e *a i i @ini4 "&*letele
n%astre &@bl 'rin (e'rtriC (in2%l% ( %ri2e Dare4 Man&s2ris&l 'ersan 2&'rin(e e'%'eea n
Aer s&ri a &n&i @are '%et4 A%rba n a2east e'%'ee (es'r attea *a'te ist%ri2 2%ntr%labile4
Il&straiile ne 2%@&ni2 ns % at@%s*er (e bas@4 Mna AneiC (e
+
% *inee @ira bilC se
'%triAete 'rintre il&straiiC 2&@ *iina ei s<a '%triAi n bas@4 G&st@ @'re&nC 2& % A%l&'tate
@is ti2C 2&l%rile i liniileC 'rin 2are an%ni@&l @eter a r tr&2Bi'at @arile *a'te4 I@aginaia
n%astr se nea2 'r la 'ier(ere (e sine n s'irit&alitatea 2al( a rsrit&l&i Dar &n(e<i
rsrit&l H )ret&tin(eniC &n(e (rag%stea (iniI<brbat i *e@eie '%ate aAea intensiti i n&ane
@isti2e 'ret&tin(eni &n(e (iAin&l se reAeleaD 2arnal si @&l ti r<i nAe@ntat n *%2 i n
@tase4 Cl(&ra l&i C&'t%r
I
l&@inile (in M&nii A'&seniC 2e (a& nAal 'e *ereastAIF
.
ntreges2
senDaiile i se@ni*i2aiile (in l&@ea l&i ,sare4
4KDaC e @in&natLC s'&ne ntr<&n trDi& AnaC r"r 'ier(&t4 B&Da (e 4s&s i se rs*ringe &%rC 2
e'r%a'F se '%ate ntreDri &n (inte 2a % (&ng (e 'erl4 *C4 a2easta se@n&l strii (e ArajC (e
2areF e nAl&itC rC *%in(C 2n( 2& % @nC 2n( 2& 2ealaltC bas@ele i ntI 'lrile (in Cartea
,egil%r4
KBas@&lLC 2%ntin& eaC Keste r%stirea &nei s&'rr4 liberti s'irit&ale4 N& ti& (a2 n silni2ia t%t
@ai "UBM brC 2e<% n(&r@ (e la % Di la altaC @ai aAe@ *4N &@bl@ 'rin atari in&t&ri7L
:>1
i rari (e<ai n%tri @ai n2ear2 s<i 2reeDe % rtjbia (e libertateC @'%triAin(&<se &nei
ase@enea
;
<i
n
i2ii4 ste &n 2eas *eri2it a2estaC i 'entr& @ineC (e iertateC %ri2t (e ng&st ar *i
n2'ereaL4 Nerb(area L
ea
(e a a(&2e A%rba (es're i@'li2aiile *eri2irii @eleC aAea
s
O sting
ntr<&n *el starea (e Araj a Anei4 B&Da Uj
e
s&s i 2a&t l%2&lC a2%'erin( (&nga (intel&i4
KMan&s2ris&l 'ersan r@ne t%t&i n&@ai &n 'retex t al AiDitei @eleLC s'&ne AnaC 2a s 2&r@e
t2erea tle<% 2li' 2e s<a 'r%(&s a(n2a%riC 2n( ni2i&n&l (in n%i n& @ai -tia
2e
n(r&@are s
(ea 2&Ant&l&i4 Ana a re@ar2at n %ri2e 2aD str&ina 2& 2are 'riAea@ la l%2&lC &n(a se nate
D@bet&l ei in(es2i*rabilC
]
N<ai Area s ls@ C%(i2ele (e a&r 'entr& alt (at H
3^
% ntrebC Kne<ar (&2e n alt l&@e4 Ar *i
'2at s 2&r@a@ 'e a2eea a bas@&l&iL4
Dar Ana aAea s @ n2&r2e (e<a binel2a4
Kntr<&n *el e& a@ AenitC t%t&iC 'entr& C%(i2ele (e a&r4 A@ &r2at 'n ai2iC 2a s A%rbi@
(es're L2%nleC 2are este 'rieten&l @e&C 'rieten&l D<A%astrNC i sing&r&l C%(ex a&re&s al
rii 7L
KAaC (aLC i rs'&n(C @&l&@it (e nt%rst&r4 CCL<ai @ai AD&t n <i@a Are@e H La n2e'&t&l
'ri@Aerii l<a@ ntlnit 'e Le%nteC 'e 2@' (es2BisC ntre Oar(a i C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 Mi<a
s'&s at&n2i 2 te (&2i a(esea 'n la elC i @i<a (at 2Biar s&gestia s te ns%es2 % (at 2n( te<i
B%tr s<i *a2i % AiDitL4
KA2esta<i @%tiA&l 'entr& 2are Aenii4 Le%nte i<Ma r%stit i *a (e @ine % ase@enea (%rin4
)le2 @ineC (e (i@ineaC 2& a&t%b&D&l4 N<ai *i (is'&s s @ ns%ii HL
KB4a (aC 2& t%t ent&Dias@&l 7L
KLe%nte tre2e 'rintr<% 2&@'lit (e'resi&ne4 I<ar *a2e *r n(%ial bine s stai (e A%rbL4
CD&r@ n&@ai(e2t la nA%ial4 A (%&a DiC (is<(e<(i@ineaC la %ra 2in2iC ne A%@ ntlni la
a&t%b&DC n 'iaa &rbei4 AnaC ntinDn(&<rri @na (e b&n r@asC @i @ai atrage l&area a@inteC
2 a&t%b&D&l n<areC (e %bi2eiC ni2i % ntrDiere4 @i A%i '%triAi (e2i 2eas&l la btile ti@'&l&i
%*i2ial4
4 ,@nn( sing&r n bir%&l @e& (e la Bateane&@ n2er2 &i @ a(&n as&'ra Brtiil%rC 2e
atea't % reD%lAare4 "nt ns att (e risi'it (e b&2&rieC 2Q 'n #a &r@
:>.
&it s<@i '&n se@nt&ra In4 i
*
2& t%t&l neate'tata a (%a@ne ntr<% stare (e e&*%rieC (e n
*erlnele inerente existenei 2%li2 (e 2ate a@ (at (e n(at 2e an iDbin(&<se 2&@Aa (2<% s&G
*iinei @ele4
n (&' a@iaDa a2elei Dile / nase@C 2^iRi (re'tC N<@i *a2 (ri
ni2i%rC (ar ntia %ar @i<a@ n rase n %bin&in4 Mi<a@ y/9 a&t%@at n& % 2%@'atibil 2&
(e -i n (&' a@iaDa a2eea rni<C 'B la 2eas&ri trDii4 "%@n&l n& &n s%@n i alt s%@n (ar *=4
n&&i4 )%ate s%@n&l &n&i %@ sI 2inii H )%ateC LCn( @<a@ ti D&' (eal &L n ini@a @o
"%it (e Ana AstI ? De 2eja e ne^F4 7 i iar
i(i2a (e 'reDen4 %izti Ana ,are @Ra @&tat a @ *a2e i@&n la
s&
cne4 "&*erinele %btetiL i
ieit 'e stra(C ri2%a& i@aterialC s%larC
A@r4s a2as4 ii
&l 'r* la Ban&l br%2j4 nt '%rnirea 2e (egeng4 2N ase@enea 2&treiej itatea &nei 2%ntiine
l&ngit s%@n&l %(iBnitMT era 2a % legnare ntre i % ntrer&'ere a ib i ase@enea %arele
as*inea4 Un(eH4 Din(&M@C se alegeC n< i
j&ng@ @ ini@ 're % 2&@'lit (e'res
i & ani nainte H 4Aria 1 nit H Ce a @nat<% H M
In U @ineaa &r@t%are G
Cni'al 5r&@%a4sei4 ra& '&iV % sen34 i^ ( S Are@&ri b&neC (e % ex2&rsie 'rin 'eisaj&l i
. 'n(
n4 Bi
M Ana 7 4^ tiA&l 7 , % &n ser
ra 2inei
ai<a A%xbit nte4 Cn(7 nit t%t&i It&l 7 +%t&l7 3 alt s%@ai
C % l&a@ s'rej ^ NlWt%*iC 2eea 2e @i (a LtN (at4 52ea@ 2& Ana C H%r4 nt%ai 2erea @ea la
sat se *2*ea t%t&i n e%n(liiiC 2e 'n @ai a2&@ 2iAN ani @i s<ar *iiG 'r&t ra t%t&l i@'%sibile
i abs&r(eC Y 2%nAersaie 2& Ann4 n a&t%b&DC n& 'litea s se n2B2geC[ (e2t n a&D&l &n%r
@art%ri4 )re*era@C (e2iC a@n(%iC s t=Fi < (e 'l2&t n a'r%'ierea AneiC a 2rei (is<
t2&ta 'reDenC @i 2%@&ni2 'rintre att2a n2s$ g&rane 9 % @&l2%@ 2ertit&(ine4
Dar gn(&l @i Db%ar la Le%nteC i @i se nt@'l i (e ast (a<t 2eea 2e (e %bi2ei @i se
ntni'l 2n( gn(esO la el4 Ist%ria anil%r @i a'are s&bt 2Bi'&l &n%r *%r@e i ansa@bl&ri
abstra2t 2%nt&rate 2a ntr<% @ate@ati2 a @&lF i@il%r4 n 2%ntrast 2& (es*iinarea 2e<%
n(&r@C 2resta
:>:
@ine 2%ntiina4 -i iat 2 ti& % (at @ai @< 2il
M_< 2ei (%i Kge@eniLC re'reDent@ 2eAa4 "nt n2re(inat
._ Fa2e(ataC 'riAin( l&2r&rile n& n 'ers'e2tiAa l%2ala i (e
%@eniC 2i ntr<% 'ers'e2tiA 2e i@'li2 % ar i ist%ria
ljl
&
O '%'%r4 a(eArat 2C (at%rit @'rej&rril%rC 2e a&
i )F FF
2
n1
M as&'rit%areC n%iC C4ge@eniiLC a@ s&*erit
iar
ea se(&2ie 3 snt 2@ existene (e'lin 2ara2teriDate 'rin
ie<% ieOiH@aie sin(i2al4 Dar Le%nt%C s2&@'&l @e&
rO%nt<
#
4 (e O a2%ast 2&@'lit (e'r%sF&nH H L2%i%eC r]ar
O&i t +& ent% ai *%st t%t(ea&na &n iD%latC t& 2areC 2a
#n as22L i<ai i@'&s t%t(ea&na *%r@a (e existen
'
e
4<iC4CaxF (2<% '&ritate s'irit&al abstra2l 7 De 2e
.
H
Un(e iJ
s
gT(&ril% Le%nte H N<ai *%st t& nt%t(ea&na &n
jOa2eT sing&rati2 n *el&l t& H
MN a'r%'ii '&in (e Ana <% ntreb 3
KLa 2e *in(e2ii a(n2a%riC (%a@na @ea HL
ClKj2t la 2eea 2e gn(eai i D<A%astr 7 La '@it&tea
c
s'iriUT*2l a l&i Le%nte 7L
C%in2i(ena gn(&ril%r @<a &l&it &n @%@entC (Fir er$+ 'er*e2t ex'li2abil 3 ne (&2ea@
@'re&n la Le%nte4
Ena 'riAea 'e gea@&rile< a&t%b&D&l&iC (&( ia stingC tn( la (rea'ta4 )e %sea&a nai%nalC
aj&nser@ la '%(&l M&re&l&iC 'eL 2are<l tr22&iA@ @i2H%rr . '&in AiteDa4 +re2ei%a i=jjTte
'%( @i n(rn@a 'entr& 2rt]a 2li'e gin<(&rile s're Ban&l br%(iii%jl'rC '% 2are<l b&n&ka@ n
(2<'*tareC (&' etesiele &n&i 'l2 (e arini 0i sl2iiC (ar 2aia i4& se Ae(ea4 \n(ea@ n sin'a
@ea 2i 'n4tr& f7t?-a@iaDa Dilei snt B%txlt ate'tat a2%l%4 Oar24eNre 'ei<@teC 2b2N n&
t&lb&rareC Aa tre2e (esig&r O**ti Ls&*letele br%(ni2il%r la AraC 2n( ate'tat @ea AiDit Aa
iitrDia i n& se Aa 'r%(&2eC 'r%babil 2 (%a@na AnaC 2are e(ea n *aa saC ar&n2n( 'e gea@
% 'riAire s're %2&l Jii
al Ban&l&iC gBi2ea i a2este *i(rri 2e<@i tre2ea& 'rin ^L^ilT n leOFit&i4i 2& br%(ni2ii4 -i ra2i
n& s% '&tea alt*el4 AtNt (e *re2Aentele @ele AiDite la KBanL *r*nnta& i@J Fj@ia t&F&*%r
braAil%r 2eteni Pi @ai alea a brae2l%r <etiaI% (in Alba4 De ani (e Dile n& @ai exist gjare
<Oe ti' Kb&rgBeDLC n 2%l%anele 2r%ra s s% relateDe sen< ail% i 6a'tele (FFA2rbeC 2e ai (% la
% Di la alia n2Bi<l<#?re<M 'r%Ain2ia+il%rC 'e rnF<leag&ril% 2r%ra n& se n<
l
<
*
La[Hi= ni2i%(at
ni@i24 Brl%ilaC %a'taC DA2n&U
e2 (a KDiar
.
FF4 N&<nii g&*2anOi2BisWrt Fa (e *e@eie t%t&iC a (%a@nei AnaC zC n& *ilbst
://
iBiC (e 2n( Le%nte @i<a s'&s 2 'riAelitea este i@'re<
!
iiantC i 2 tat<s% l %'rea n 2%'ilrie
s<% ia ntr<a2%l% <2n(&<i s'ai@ 2 n *&n(&l 'r'stiil%r ar sll&i &n
'2N
DaC exa2t4 C'2&n&l 7 @i a@intes2 i e&4 Mi<l n<=ia@ 2& &n sing&r %2Bi n *r&nteC &n
@%nstr& 2F& 2a'
2ineC i 2& &n sing&r %2Bi n *r&nte4 ntr<a(eArC iat i MS i(eeC s *a2e@ % ex2&rsie 'n la a2est
l%2 @it%l%gi2 al %'ilriei n%astre 7L ntres2 ast*el (%rina AHGiIMF
N<ar *i @are l&2r&LC Di2e eaC C422i intenia eraC i < <LT -31.-,8,,3, I<J?+Z" ia +r+G+f+ rin
)nnOt4 s3. n24in**2@
s ne (&2%@ 'n la Aiile (in C%astC s n2inge@ P
atins (e Ant&l (eDln&it al 'r%Ain2ieiC (ar ea era rC
U
'er*e2t (is2reie4 A@ 'n(it
as%2iaiile (e i(ei 24lI ea &r@a s le (ea glasC (aJ< Ana n&<si tr(a g@2B ni2i @2ar 'rin
a2i347% as%riatIIC 2e se i@'&n %@&l&i i (e A%ie4 UN&@ai @< @ai Bi6i& Ana @i Aa (est&i 442C
ntr<a(eArC tre2n( at&i&i 2& a&t%b&D&l 'este 'e M&rr&#&iC s<a gn(it % 2li' i la Ban&l
br%(ni2il%rC & 're 2are se A%rbea& attea AerDi i &s2ateC n Ae2Bea 2tZC a BWlgra(&l&i K&n(e s<a
ti'rit intia %ar N%&l +e @entL4 C& a2est (etali& ist%ri2C *raDa ei (e @ai tra& s&blinia n 2e
2a(r& a& aA&t l%2 2n( Aa e*e@erele ei S 2iaii (e i(ei4V )rin &r@are n 2li'a a2eastaC Ire2n( 'i4
'%(C (%a@na Ana n*r&@&seeaD 'alaArele M ( % &
2i@e ist%ri2 DA%n&ril%r (estinate s banaliDeDe sentirrC _3rA- C <
n
4
leleC a*e2i&nea i slbi2i&nile %@eneti ale &n&i K'%4 se2retC (es're 2are treb&ia sa aila
D&' 2e tre2e@ 'rin Oar(aC sal&l 2& n&@e @%r$ I rtea't n C@'&l 5r&@%asei i a(A%2at&l
Gj&i( 2a e 2are 'rin si@'la sa reD%nant treDete n @ine Aia7C *a2e t%ate 'regtirile4 l e
@arele A%rni2 al gia are4%4 4 %2&'aiei asiati2e s&bt 2are r%b%ti@C aj&nge@ la 2%nF&C KGr&ia e n
C@'&l 5r&@%aseiHF ntreb b&2&r%sC energi2C (e &n(e %sea&a % i3i s're C@'&l 5r&@%A 4
Gr&iaC (e %brieC i elC (in C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC era a2&@ 44!%rn aj&nge ta@ (e (i@irra G
a
L%%nt%LC @i +^C a(A%2at n Alba4 C& el (is2&t a(esea lat&rile j&ri(i2e aat .%s2 e& %
ngrij%raie4 C4n&<l treDi@ %are 'rea (eAre@e j< (e 2%@'li2ateC ale att%r sit&aii ana'%(aC 2e se
erre<C a %(iBna sa HL 2etenil%r (er&tai 'rin t%ate
@s&rile &n&i regi@ nas<
4C.. A%@ gsi treaD i gata (e 'ri@ire
.
C re'FieN (%F4@nal '%2it%r (e 'raAili 2e nt%r2 t%t&l 'e
(%s4
KDaC e la 'rinii siC 2& ,%(i2aC *ata nD(rAanLC 4ine s 're2iDeDe Ana4
FF Un D@bet tre2e 'rin s&*let&l @e& a&Din( 2 ,%(i2aC IC*ata nD(rAanLC a2esta era e'itet&l 2e
i<l ((&se@ 2Biar e&C se gsete i ea n C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 5eti2ana are a2&@ 2a@ 'e la .:
ani4 De<% Ai%i2i&ne trengreas2C 2& t%t&l srit (in ti'ar&l Arstei ei4 "&r'rinDt%are e ,%(i2a
@ai ales 'rin re'li2ele (e<% neAer%si@il s'%ntaneitate4 Ma@a ei e (e a'r%a'e nr&(it 2&
Le%nte4 B&ni2ii *etei a& % '%(g%rie 'e C%asta 2e se (es*%ar n DareC J.e<a stnga %selei4
!a s Di2 la a2ea Aie ne A%@ (&2e n 2&rs&l Dilei4
A&t%b&D&l %'rete n C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC n *aa bise<i4 C%b%r@ i % l&@ 'rin Ae2Bi&l 2i@itir4
)riAelitea C *a (e a2eea 2e<% aAea@ n a@intireC % (eDa@gireC &tir&l e @'rej@&it (e Di( i
grilaj (e *ier4 n 'at&l @'rej@&it se %(iBnes2 'rinii (e t%t(ea&naC 2ei (e@<C i 2ei
a'r%'iai4 O (eDa@gireC n& 'entr& 2 j'4 i 2r&2ile (e 'iatrC 2i 'entr& 2 li'ses2 'l%'ii4 )n
ai
ai a2&@ Are% 2in2is'reDe2e ani se @ai nla&C aliniai
Ana4 K22i l<a@ 'reAenit4 jZ8 b&2&r (e alt*el 2 s%si@ a4 i^J (i@inea4 )2ate @ai 'inrF424+i
s'e2ta2%l&l s&* (4n 2%rn 2& 2are '%r2ar&l saBFBn a(&n (e 'rin %*4ia7 t&r@a r@t%ril%r4
Gses2 &n *ar@e2 (e%sebitC arBaj2C "a g2est s'e2ta2%lL4
K"'e2ta2%l&l @i 'la2e i @ie nes'&sC *iin(2 tr] n @ine t%at 2%'ilria4 C%'ilriaC 'este
al 2rei =S4 2al24 &iteC 2Biar a2&@C 2n( n2e' s se Drease #HF ,%ii4 Iat 2%l%C s're stngaC
(e<a l&ng&l C%aWt2i4 B4 <s% A( (intr<% 'arte4 "&nt *en%@en&l ge%l%gi2 2el @ai ii<t%re'ant al
'eisaj&l&i 7LF
4CDaC le ti&LC rs'&n(e (%a@na Ana4 KUn *en% - <
n
ge%l%gi2C ntr<a(eAr4 Mai ales ,'ile Maj
iC 2aOe se gI tlin2%F% (e C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC s're "ebeL4
C4)G laL ,'i n<a@ @ai *%st (in 2%'ilrie4 Dar i n
Z
@<a@ n2&@etat % sing&r (at 'n a2%i%
)ArinFj= interDiseser &r2&&l i (r&@eag&rileC s n& 2(er 'r'stiiL4
KAni aAea '%ate ti@' s ne (&2e@ astDi s le Ae(4 i r%stete rna 2a % (%rinC Ke &n gn( al
@e&
:>E <F
:>>
n *aa biseri2iiC Are% a'te 'l%'i &riaiC 2e @ar2a& 2eni sat&l&i4 Min&nai era& a2ei 'l%'iC 2a
2&ib&ri (e &iiC jO Art%s t%a@na trsdu3 2n( glbu3 'i2&ra& 2eara /run?el 2a nite l&@inai i
a!rinse5 "iic n<a @ai r@as (in a 'l%'iC n 2are s&bstana str@%il%r s&iaC GUFa4 Ca o &@b
@ si@t n @ijl%2&l 2r&2il%r (e 'iatrC 'ieDieC rst&rna '&rtn( ins2ri'ii ciriR5ce5 Ciitirul e
(e (%& %ii @%r % (at *iin(2 e &n ciitir 2& @%riC i @%rt a (%&a %ar *iin(2 n acest
ciitir n& se Gi n@%rrnnteaD4 De De2i (e ani n%ii ari snt ngr%'ai n 2i@itir&l (in
2a'
U
G sat&l&i4 A2%l% n-a @%ri4 +%i @%rii @ei snt aci3 lngW biseric3 n vec=itd 2i@itirC
2are sing&r rni se 'are s*nt M ntreb (a2 e@%tiAitatea @ea n<are 2Bi' @%rbi(C 22i
a@intirile i se a(&nC 2a % (&rere *iDi2C n gtlej4 A@in4 tirileC 'ar2a ar n2er2a s @
s&gr&@e 7 6ai3 a@intirile [ !%r ele s<i@ ia s&*lareaC 2a s @i @ai *i& H "nt a@in<*riirile
(&@ane Ai^ iii H Un 2Uir al @%rii snt t%ate a@intirile4
Grbes2 !asul Sr a @ai s'&ne e&Ant =4tre (%a@na Ana4 a site e&li2r&&r&l ce ra in n
st!nire5 Grbes2 'as&l sa ie4i ai re'e(e n &lia 2e duce s're l2a&l l&i Le%nle4 Dar
orice 2%lC (e @iC %ri2e 2ssC 2e n rsti@' (e un s*ert (e Aea2 a'r%a'e n& s-au s2Bi@batC @i
counic ae2<eai t&lb&rare4 ( destindi re se 'r%(&2e n anat%@ia gle*ului @e& (%ar 2n(
ntlni@ t&r@a r@<t%ril%rC 2e ies nAalni2i (e 'rin %grDi /a s&net&l (e 2%rn (l Aa2 al
'%r2ar&l&iC 2are n& vA e 2el (e 'e Are@&riC (ar care 'are /cut (in acela4i al&at nting i
Dnati24 5ljte@ n s/r4it3 s s&r(2@C Fi e&C i Ana4 Mai 'rin(e@ (e2i s'e2ta2%l&lC (e 2are
(%rea@ s *i@ ntN@'inai4 "&net&l (e 2%rn nt%rs s're '&r%nt 2a rt&l '%r2il%rC s&net&l s2&rtC
@%n%t%nC al '%r2ar&l&iC Aine (e &n(eAaC (in @ari a(@e%riC (in s%@n&l 2%'ilrieiC (in 2are
Aiaa @<a treDit (e atta ti@'4 -i s&net&l seasneste2 nc- 2& 2%'ilria trdat3 %rgani2 i
in(is%l&biKFM si@t *iin n& @ai @are (e2t &n '&@n (e argilC (ar Oaceste a(ln2i@iC (in
2are s&net&l 2%rn&l&i s<a&(eC le '%rt n @ineC 2a % a' @are i Aeni24 CC
O Aj&nge@ la 2asa 2& '%arta *lan2at (e (%& 'ri de stlj'j gr%i (e Di(4 A2eeaiC
nes2Bi@bat4 Le%nte ne a<tYjjjjiJt #n 2&rie4 Ne @bri@ 2& (rag%stea b%gat (e alta (at4
Le'nte ne trage (e @n 'e tre!tele de !iatr
:I.
Lei4 iAi i@IJ4j GJ44CCiT4 O2B4ia l%2&ri< ^^ je2r&
KM (in *a*IiC 2e<i serAete (re't 2anA< c i#UF+<4iF&&nOF e3IJ7it4it 2& 2&riC
Ae
iiiiiiCTC r&ZJ'= i#L#!
.
'tIZ CCiC ?@'rej&r&l IIK4^= O4ti t=C rc+Wv .CFAFisitF4 t%FnAri (% 2i&iC 2e IJ#
]tin"4 bi#A4ns@l&<C<C14 2in( irM ^< 'JJ ling eleC gata<gatI ^=e r*ist%F@e 2i<% Aibraie
stIniHC ti2 2ei (iAa ''e4sC (&&r%(%4 Crile 7 Atta i sOlAr4ie Le%nte (in 'r<
in
l2l
Ul (e la Iai4
Cele iileAa @ii (e 2riC 'rintre 2are 2 F*a brF2a2iAt4 K# @ai l&'t 2& j<&terite 2e si@t % negai2
Ls'irit&l&i4 Le&nte 'are 2al@C (ar la2ri@i i 2&rg 'e eiJi= l%&N jgBeab&ri s'ate a(n2 n j&r&l
g&rii4 N& e CC'GnsLC T1, n&@ai % 2&rgere (e la2ri@i4
F M Iat 2&@ 2&rge r%& a2eastaC r&in%asC a %2Bil%rFC %itFne elC tergin(&<i genele i i!4a 2&
@ne2&C Kr%& G^ CMare *il%D%*ii 'ree%2rati2i n<a& A%it ni2i%(at s<% a@F4ii<t2<as2N 'rintre
stiBiile l&@iiC (r<CCiC '%ate 2 l&@ea ia n2e'&t a *%st % la2ri@FF4
li tai A%rba 3 C4Ar *i '%ate nA4i bine4 in&]jC s r
.
CC 4=i n&@ai la2ri@i4 ^<i tC 'ngi 2i a^47
eZrat 7L lO<Der& <(&<l ast*elC O<jxFi<a@ s<I s@< (&i 2ris'area Interl%a33T Le%@2 "L T
>
&^a
ntr<&n *%t%li&C n2 "na@ie (a ?
.
4 r42 F'%*ti ]< l&i<@ l%24 iii aC 'rin &&a4iAC n elC % '% arOa
iA<V . *a]a s re aO<tA4e4 Din a2ea '%AarC l&ntri2a n A%nt<a <Ci %b%seala gias&l&iC 'e 2%re
&n2%4i @2^
s
r2IF *4i i<%O %2%'%ie i& % s'rinteneal arti*i2ialC 2e<i 2%sta ne i@ v''(v+. An se
a'r%'ie CI) %lC >i @Fn&iie 2jeO%t&l 2& nL&na4 de itb& atingn(&<l 3 K!eDi LO%nteC ! l<r4^n
a2F&s 7L
si s&nt tel KIFt7r4sFZ #n&e(n( sitJ 4iH i n ==ir2#&nOF<F<l% 2li'ei @i re'r%
l<
TO B
I
nC<4nir 2 n<a@
ArOt @Oi 2&in(4 <4<# . A( 'e Le%nt%4 i'[,iv t%c
.
L rirni a@ 2r=<
7
t 24 ntre< n%i (%iC Ler^nF=
eOt2 2el 4IarM
.
FC %tn&l 2&ie n ^ i4re n]FJ (% ni@eni4 6Je&@ @i s% inAt (% %4A4Fi 2 t%*<(7 ^< '&i&
@ai aH$J7 ri'*tC @i i@aF*Fn+#*in4 K!#<#T nt4 4s&H^i
3
n= ii s&r'aW2 'e (in&nti&4 "<a ii&FtF&Os
2Ae in*@ga 4<a tixi%rJ%rrJi% (M
.
% rtiBeC 'e 24ire HC lirn' (=J 6nJ (T @ii4 a alt@gat<% ^F F
'reaj@a sa ) l A4nJa la2ri@iC ii i% a 'linOe 7 Ce a<a "4?<ti@'at H
44Uite asaLC n2Oa@Ft 2i tJ<i (ea s
I
Oi r2%aieC C4ZaL *a2 (e j<s4 n *atC<i Z<n4jsini 7L
C% s<a lati@'lat !
Lr%ne ") ri(i2 (in *%t%li&4
C4Csin%ti 'r%ie2t&l (e t<s%&rsieC i lFF*aF&4FF@ 'enFiF HL @& ntreb L2%nt% 2& s t47 i ,H,v$n+A
2e<i a(&2e44
:>8
< <e n jK ii 2ele $'&$3, 7,
t
Aia l%r
(e a %
r%& 'e j**Biab&riie s'ate 2a nite 'F g&rii4 Ast*el Le%nte r&'e *%r&l (e IesC tre2&te a(n2a%riC
KK % Di *r&@%as4 AML 'rea 2al(4 Ne (&2e@ e& a(A%2at&l Ort C%ast4 "<a 'regtit %@&l 2& (e
t%ateL4
K"'len(i( 7L interAin e&C CC(ar @ai nai s're nli@iCLLN Area s tre2e@ 'rin sat&l (e /r)B
2asa n%astrC 2e n& @ai este a n%astr4 "<% Aa(" i AnaL4
K-i D<ta 2reDiC 2 a@ Aenit (e a*tea %ri n Crr 5r&@%aseiC *r (e a<@i l&a %stene%la (e a
tre2e 'e<a2^ Dre't 2ine @ iei H CreDi ntr<a(eAr 2 n<a@ aA&t IM 2&ri%Ditate (e a Ae(ea
%gra(aC n 2are '%et&l s<a j in nisi' H De alt*elC s2&@'e 'rieteneC n&Ri @ai a@inMC (e (r&@&lC
2e<l *2&r@ @'re&n n 'ri@Aara (e @in a an&l&i .0EE 'rin sat&l (e j%s HL Ana @ ir% <S
n j%a2 'entr& 2ele cf s<ar *i 'r&t 2 'res&'&n (e<ea4 n2r&ntarea ei n& r% Aa @'ie(i2a (eL a
'Fr2%(e ^ F
i7
&l (e j%s4 De alnAFi relea e&4 r%stin(&<n<4i (@ZniO
a % rait '@N la *%I<7IT n%astr 2asC 4n& A%Fani rF
i a@intes2 Anei (e Ai6Oa 2e<% S*!eFirNFn n ./.EC
r
''r)0i t
3
@' (e ( @ c
j
gCLiia '&in 'rin 2ele aMF
.
li%2&O
De aFjia 'rin( a (istinge n (e'rtateC 'rintre ' U%%erie (e 'aieC 2%'eris&l (e iglC (e 2nFe3JIi<
a (e * L3 t&l &i ars4 2 tre2&t&l @i se a #&n i%J4L n glt4 Mir%s&l a'eiC 2e 2&rge @&r@&rn( lFFi
(<' *aa 2isei (e a7
A
rFjt"C 2A'Rrn(
#
I
n (jn 2aie 4i asiDi @ @ai a(a'4 "2it&l 'F F tL Mi
2ani2&lei (e ieri ,ea n%nii n<i cF4<24 "t@t % (%rinC rreia n&<i '%M rrN ntin(e g%l n e'2i
'M&l&i4 2a a
SSi2&l 2iF(&l&i (e ,Ote4 n &r@a n%F
Jeal&l Gr&iaC 2& ,n2li2aC si 2& n2 ^ enra ,%El2Bi4 Gr&ia ne 64Ir2j2T 2i
7Ci '%rni n&@ai(e2Nt s nr^ 'i&ng i
J@ i 'le2at s're C%asta '^etF %riil%r4
44DiFagii @eiLC s'&n %& *a@iliei Gr&
u
un gsitC 44@erge@ (e%2sxn(at '<
<T ine l%2 (e r&g2i&neC naitite (e
legei +
*
A(A%2&^&i Gr&iaC ,%(i@ \2aOa
O
e%n e A4t rje2are T
&
n @n*
i (<a 9 K<a@ ntAHs 2J +ii s<l l&i nO2r(FMi s're C%as<l4 n%i Aa Bia 2te % @sF4 '%ZarC
'e &@L % rFrF<agiiC *ie i grtarC *ie % traist c
=
r
jFFne (e U4 ni, *ie % '%s2N4 Gr&ia sing&r se n2r2aF Lj
aC
i4*<C 2& &n l%i2sa2C n 2are bn&ia@
*el&ri (e @erin2F F4 sti2le 2& Ain r&bini&4 AnaC #Le%nteC Gr&iaC @ai a(a* !in &M
:
O O
n
2&tare (e
24ne tie re &stensile4 & % i
M nainte
2&
rele
tI%&
O
ete
L
UJl
O 0 ani *etiaC (ei are % ex'resie @ai @at&rV4 O inei
s2&rta Aiail*t (e
tu
i (&
r
I <C
CC
bia 'F
F
n
.J
< n
(C
Z 2
7
H #
2
i <
J
+I
<<
+s, rii
i
7
%r<
1n
i
er
e
<4n
(F
D'i7
i
^
S
iO
i
- `
Fi
u
E
>
n 4 ne
&i
2& ,%(i2a i 2& IleanaCC Us <E4 V O i
KC
re
IA%ara sat&l&i I aA%l% *ie2e@ r&l 4i a'&2@ 'e 2al4 O
e
(&2e la Aiile (in C%ast4 Ne A%r
aj&nge (@ &r@ 2eilali H De%2a@(at ei n2 ni2i n<a& ieit (in e&rtt4 ,%(i2a i 2& Ileana @
in la braC &na (e<a stinsa CC
ea
i
a
t (e<a (rea'ta4 n2 a(n2a%ri li se '&tea 2iti 'e *a 2%'ila
l%as2a @in(rie 2N li se (a 'rilej&l srbt%re4 i ntr<&n *el (e a tre2e 'rin sat 'rinse (e @ine4
ra& ns
U
J (e2e'i%nate a2&@ 2 ni@enea n& le Ae(ea la % @ a*r (e @atinal4 Mergn(4
agaleC le s'&nC AerDi i &
2
<<
7.
MC (es're @<ele trengrii ale 2%'il&l&i (e alt(at (in
a@@tire ntN@'lri n legt&r n(e%sebi 2& Al^ 'lin (e 'ri@ej(ii (e la M%ar 3 KM&li 2%'ii
s<a& i a2iC aj&ngn( s&bt jili'&l i<%il%r 7L Aj&nge@ la '%^ ne tre2e 'este iaD4 5eti2ana i *etiii
aiR&n2 % 'riZ
<
a'a &2iga i @i He ali'es2 @ai tareC 2a&tn( 'ar2 lng @ine4 A'%i A%rbi@
(es're Aa2ana l%r4 Des're riile l%r4 Des're grijie l%r4 N& A%r ni2i(e2&@ s se .44 O (e bra&l
ni*&4 5ie2are se ine 2a (2<% t%art4 ,%(i2a ar&n2 a'%i &i 2&AntC (in @<ele 2e<i tre2 'rin
2'%r&l
salbaF6 Axrr S e2 i S 2& s^
!rea s<i araFte si@irea 3 KMare 2 n& s*n
7
%i @ai tnr 7L 4CDaC "& 3Aina n A%rb4
KMare '2atC *etiel%r S(iateC K(a2 a *i @ai tnrC ani @ei
bra @' n la 2a't&l l&@ii "L @i *a2e Ba
<Ce i-a t
A%rba s'iia @i2 2& aUta (eDinA%lt&r (@ 'artea ,% &C rit i re'li2a @ieD%as a @i2ii Ilene4
Dar n&<@i tr(eDC *&2i @2ar 'rin tr<&n s&rs sa& 2& Are% @i2are (in s'rn<2eneC s2ninlnF2aC
2e @ n2ear24 ,%(i2a i r%stise 2&Aintele 2& % *Fiir4i2ie a'arent seri%as4 n nestAilita 2i
s'%n<tan(tai)j ,%(Fta n& se s*ia (e ni@i24 i ng(&ise s
r
%tea=^LJ 2& i@ ner (e 'er*e2iN
neAin%AieC eaC 2%'ilaC
&
n sn( i % (%rin (e *e@eie4 ra ea 2%ntient 2 n&
s
)Une l&@iri t%rirt%i
att (e
:>0
neAin%AateC r&@ sRar
SraD&t H a '&seseC %ri2&@C n 2&Ant&l ei i &n 2c7 87r(v(&?*V", ia 2ai<e se (e(a& &ne%ri
*ele @r& nA%ait# +%aUl graAC 2& 2are IleanaC re2&rgn( la % ex'resie
CK
L rent n a2est in&tC a
s'&s 3 KDaC D& 7L @ii &rabl
C
I vn e2%& 'rin 2&get4 )rin a2east ex'resie Ileana realiH4 n
i@aginaie &n AisC 'e 2are ,%(i2a i<l s&gerase 2&
n
F (rDneaia eiC 2e ar *i (%rit s<% ngne4
A2est t%n i nii@
a
I (%& 2&Ainte @'r&@&ta& *etiei % *ig&r interi%ar4 +%ti<i @ n(ea@n s
intr& la (is'&t sa& s 'rel&nges2 gjO# gaa 2%nAersaie 2& 2ele (%& tinere *iineC 2e @ strnM4
gea& n2 (e bra (e s'ai@a a'%iC n 2are 'riAiser a(n2a%ri4
KDaC ar *i ntr<a(eAr 2eAaLC leg A%rbaC Ks *i& @ai tnr IL nt%r2 '&in 2a'&l s're ,%(i2a4 CC-i
2&@ i<
ar
*i (%rinaC ,%(ieaC 2a@ 2e Arst ai (%ri s a@ H
I
F
KiC 2e s Di2 H " aAei aa 9 2a@ 'e la (%&De2i j 2in2i (e ani 7 DatL tii 9 %'era s<% aAei
(ejaC t%atC galq s2ris 7L
Ilenei i<ar 2%nAeniC i eiC % ase@enea 'ers'e2tiA47 r. 5as, i ntreteC (n( (in 2a'C *r aJi
@ai r%sti in 2&Ainte 'rerea4 4
Ca s r@nera 'e linia bas@&l&i AisatC @i (a& i e& 2& 'rerea 3 CCA@ s n2er2 7 )%ale A%i
re&i 7L 9 5etele i B%lbeaD %2BiiC 'rn( a'r%a'e s 2rea( 2 &n&i '%et
.
i<&r *i (at i
'%sibilitatea &nei atari trans*%r@ri @ira2&l%ase4 Ori2&@C aa 2&@ le era '&s n Ae(ereC
trans*%r@area n2Bi'&it treDete n ele &n *i%r (e '%AesteC
Aj&ngn( la &n 'riaC 'rin a 2r&i a' nNjn%%as 'rin(ea@C la Airsta (e 2itise 'ri@areC De2i
(e ra2iC (e 2te %ri aAea@ '%*t (e aa 2eAaC @ %'res2 3 Kn a'a asta era 'e Are@&ri risi' (e
ra2i4 Intra@ cu bra&l 'e s&bt r(2inile arinil%rC 2<@i aj&ngea a'a la g&r4 Un ra2 &ria @i<a
2restat (eget&lC 2 i astDi @ai '%rt &r@eleL4 Art *eel%r &r@a (e *%ar*e2C 2e rai s<a
nti'rit n . 'ielea artt%r&l&i4 -i<a'%i le n(e@n 3 KMen<%i nainteC . 2 treb&ie s s'&n %
A%rba 2el%r 2eRa& r@as n &rinL4 5etele se (es'rin( (e ling @i@4F4 &n(<% raDna 'e 'ajitea
' largC Aer(eC 2e se intt%ti*e n *aa n%astr4 Iat 2 ,%(i2aC elasti2 i s'rinaraC @si *a2e i
r%at6C n Ar&l @inil%r4# )i2i%arele g%ale i se iAes2C (in *&"tetliC ri(i2ate in )U"Cp 2a nite
'istile ^in4 '%tir&l &nei *l%ri4 Ileana se tAc 'rin Aer(ea i<i rs*a tl'ile g%ale 'nB
tr%s2%jel
:,1
n4iC #4%%ntrC Gr&ia 9 @ aj&ng4 Le '%Aestes2 nt%2< sOi*i!4in(4 s2ena 0i 2%nAersaia (%
a(n2a%riC (inFre si *%t%4 A@n&ntele s2enei a(&2 &n D@bet 0i 'e **i% l&i Le%nteC ba tIl
'rin(e *ir&l3 CK,%(i2a e ntr<a(eAr % nD(rAan4 Ar2 % @inte *r astN@'r4 De&nDiC
ii
In
la
'
@ A%rbaC intre n%iC (es're ate'tata n%astr AiDitC
ea
@i Di2e 3 =Un2Bi&le Le%nteC tiiC @ie @i 'la2e *%arte t%&t 2 nenea Axente e '%etC (ar n&<
@i 'la2e (el%2 2 e eti K*il%s%*L4 K5il%D%*L SC re't<t 2aC 'ierDn(&<se ia re<D%nana
ter@en&l&i n2 strin 'entr& ti@'an&l&iC =K*b<
zb
T-$ 9 asta @i se 'are i@ l&2r& t@
<
e ji(%Aes2
'.-)"
IDb&2ni@ n B%B%te (e ra4 5etele gBi(&e ne a&( (in (e'rtare B%B%trleC <i ne rs'&n( 2&
e2%&ri (% rs4 N<<riAt4a& ele 2&@ 4s bn&ias2 j4<7 ierna ra&l&i n%str&4 D% &n(e ar iFi ti&t 2
ne strniser Aeselin 2& nsr&Bi2in l%r4
?naint@ 'rin r%& (i@ineiiC 2e ne &(a gleDnele4 iarb s%arele strnete &ne%ri @i2i 2&r2&bee4
F
3
Kt<a treb&it @ai bine (e<% %r 'n s Iij&nIj^4ni Aii4 %-' na&t nu @& @ai 'tr&nsese@ (e t%t
s%s el*i ti iiii 2a n rsti@'&l a2est&i &r2& aneA%i%sC 'e C%asta4 +i
<
e2U @ 'rintre t&*e ^7F
@2e 2& *r&2t&l A*er(e4 '&i tin( LFir i nie n2Zt
i
ULF%asG (% 2<%iF%iM
.
arse da un *%2 h+$
3%gi2 %i n& se Ae(e4 +rJ4<*Ci+i 'rintre t&*% (% '%r&@bele i F<i2 @lai 'sri se4 "%aitl2 ne
l%Ae4J2 (re't In *a4 Gre&l s&j&i&i ne b%@beaD (@Fn3 2%IC<&l 'c<'t&l&i4 La %ra a2easta n&
ne t%'i@C ini 4 (e 2M(&r4 Din 2rng&riC 2& %2Bi&ri (e a' 2& lintia (e<&n Aer(e ireal ii 2&
'&D(erie (% 'srUi2i 2%l%rateC (ar iFi n&@e f)n?9l-, n %rnit%l%gia sra2 a n<2Bi'xiirii
n%as&FeC ne 4<4s&ie G cssR4, 2^I ne DAIn. s&(%aAea 'ri@init n iFc<^F<3&Le I&i 'rin a@intete
'rin liniile $12 &sa6iC gineaC 2e str&ie n n&ne (% s*rit n @l264&l Aiil%r4 )%(g%
i2i4 (e
e
g
2%l%C % 'l2&i x
.
*r&nte4 )riA%li*iiOaC n&nt2l2 A%get24leC r4ti se % '%t i(enti*i2a "n i@a<
griile sini n2%nj&rate (e &n *Iar( Ai& i 2 sC U4FareC 2& J3Ibi@'i @ari 2a niie 2&AeC a'r
bel&g&l AiHCt3i @'%triAa Aitel%r 2e 'as2 n 'il2&ri 'e C%ast4 !ia 'rinteas2 a a( ll 2%l @ai
'rielni2 I la JT
n At@b4F*7C (ar (JH n(I
Si4 'L3i la as*initC
n
j%s al Ais i4 v( '&ne@ '%
g*%ase =Ii 2& i%( @bI liit*4<ItC (ar in2 @i2 0i a2%'erit
$R&n jJi r '/,,
y
F3 alb4 F"&bt &n n&2 btrn 9 &r@e (e
%2at&l&i Gr&ia e aeDat n I&Ftasta a 2BF@in=Hii e n2 I *i 'tr&ns (e s%areC 2a n b6iFaie4
Aj&ni la 2a't&l A4&i7TF OAibt g&t&ii 2& *r&nDe
(% 2en&4 4 a n2inge 'o 7a n@iesl AAj<
3"Mr4 D2j22a@^i3I4t ne %(iBni@ '&inC ntini ntr<%
BAU eK*n( 'e ]*e*2 Ureti(C Le%nie a g*it @ai tar%
@ina4 A2&@ res'iraia i se linitete4 Ana a &r2at
%& a s'rintenealC 'e 2are n<% @ani*est la 2@' (es2Bis4
Ob%seala *iDi2 i @'r&@&t 'ar2 % e&*%rieC 22i sing&ra
ea n& se %(iBnete4
-i sing&r Ana4 n a*ar (e ,%(i2a Hi IleanaC 'ar% @<ne4j+2al (e senDaia 2e ne is'itete 'e
2ei trei brbai4 ste A%rbaC (esig&rC tn2 % daii, (e 5HnH4aFa s2&rgeri7 Are@ii4 Des2i*reD @area
tre2ere @ai ales (in n*ia3^ZU &n&i 2%'a2 (in a'r%'iereC eare< (es*%ar 2%r%ana ]
be&gat4 n ANr(&B4 In a@intirea @ea MJ2est 2%'I
.
exist ni2i s&b4t 2Bi' (e 2%'2el4 M &it la
*r&ntea t%t @ai *r&@%s 2res2&tC (in ng(&ina 'r&l&iC 2e se retrage s're 2eaiC a l&i Le%nte4
@i '%rt @*na 'rin 'r&l @e&C 2s J @i se 'are in(estr&2tibilC (ar n 2areC 're2&@ bine ti&C
s2r&@&l i *a2e a'ariia n(e%sebi 'e la t@'e4 Le%nt<<se &it i el la @ine4 )ar2 @i<ar
(esena n i@aginai3 2Bi'&l (e alt(at4
CCCel @ai ins%n(abil (intre @istereleL a2estei /&rai aeC t%t&iC ti@'&lC 2& tre2ereMFC sa 7MR
ri2e Le%nte4 C4iZe(itaii n *aa s2r&@&l&i (e /a t@'lele @ele HL b e& 'Fi<&n i%n (e @elan2%lie
t%@nati24 Fe(itaii n *aa s2r&@&l&i (e la t@'lele *2eilnrC 4 Axei*2te 7 C2i ti@'&l n<ar *i
2eea 2e esteC (a^i % '&lbere alb i n s'iin2enele l%rLC rs'&n(e 2al@
N n& A%rbi@ (es're t%a@n n iez (*i AarH
B
C ia<F ie AnaC K(e alt@intrelea a@ Ajxti
(e&nDi nite
l ra*ii (in 'ri@a A%astr tinereeC LeHsra ase@nai $ SI Srile A%astre 9 (e astDiC 2& al t&
Le%nteC i 2& al IZxente U2re( 2 ne '&te@ s'&ne 'e n&@e (e<a2&aa Tj4 Gse*iC @ai *as2inante
2Bi'&rile @at&ritii4 e 7e s AeDi 2&@ ies la iAeai esenele &n%r *iDi%n%@ii4 FEFel ni2i t&
ICe%nteZC ni2i t& Axent= n<aAei (re't&7 S4Fbii 2& @elan2%lie (es're tre2erea ti@'&l&i I 'tnN
I
4
2el @ai ins%n(abO (intre @isterele a2estei l&@iC )tat *a (e A%i 9 n&@ai r%(ni2ia4L 46re
nAeliC AnaLC @ grbes2 e& s<i rs'&n(C K2ne&l S2Di 9 re(&s la trst&ri eeenial' UA%rbes2
(i
2a'&l @e&V ste a2t&al@ente 2el @ai steril 2a' (in i l <4&i (&nrean 7L
:>:
7JJai2 2 2ei (e *a snt s&r'rini (eI sit]@Ma ge%<OOOKC 2e<% Ia24 n lt (e 're2ise
2%%r(%nate e%ntinen<OK 2a'&l&i @e&4
j n&@ai 2a'&l t&LC rs'&n(e Gr&iaC 44este atins Pe steriMate4 ntreg baDin&l (&nrean este
2%tr%'it (e aI^Z -i ster' Aa r@ne 2ine tie 2t ti@'M n2 7 OOH*tre ntregiC e& i@ tre2&t (%
@are gl%rieC a& *%st Ain< tr(ateC n t]g&iala @raA 0i riLin%asC 2e<a aA&t OO*tre @arile
'&teri la s*Ait&l rDb%i&l&iL4 ^r&ia D0i OHb 'rerile as&'ra sit&aiei internai%nale4 "trl&2it
2a' OOB2C el i r%stete 2%nAingerea 2 tratateleC 'rin %are ni 2etl&it s%artaC ar aAea r&in%ase
2#a&De se2rete 3 KAni *%st An(&li 7 )*tr @&strare (e 2&gH i *r str%' (e %@enie 7L
I
i
( 2 este a4a
K
C l ntreiF&'s2 L%%nte4 KIat 2e @<a
OOOBt n <i@&l ti@' 3 ni@i2 @ai 2&@'litC ni@i2 @ai
OOH (*<2t sa *%2i 'arte (intr<&n @ie '%'%rC r@nxn(
OB\ %bie2t al ist%rieiL4 Le%nte A%rbete trist i nt&<
I C4N%i snte@ &l2i%arele (e argil 'e 2are e s'arg
2ei 2e *a2 ist%ria4 Da2 ar *i existat n&@ai &n str%' (e
s'eran (e a ieiC n2 la ti@'C (in a2east sit&aieC 2r%(
2 Masarec n<ar *i srit 'e *ereastr 7L
Le%nte a@intete tragi2a nt@'lare a @inistr&l&i 2eB
MasarecC l eA%2a % Ae(enie4 "ila2arec<*&4 2r&ia i se
i(ea 'ers'e2tiAa (e a (eAeni &n %bie2t al ist%ri2iC a
're*erat s @%arC 'Wrin( (% la nli@ea la 2ar' aL trit
s=C nt2@eiet%ssil de stat4 De la a2eaA"t ntni'LnreC
a @ere& 're%2&'at (e s&bli@&l a2t4 'entr& 2&re
n& 2i 4 2ali*i2atiAe (est&l (e nalte4 A2t&l l&i Masarec
era 'entr& Le%nte 2el @ai se@ni*i2atiA gest (e 'r%test
triAa ist%rieiC 'e 2are @arile '&teri a& i@'&s<% atit%r
'%'%are *Nrn a 2li'i (in gene4 Le%nte reAenea a(esea 2&
2%@entarii (% *il%D%* i% st%i2 as&'ra a2t&l&i l&i Masaret
Aenea al&DiA as&'ra a2t&l&i (e 'r%testC i se
r%sL3<n &ne%ri n 2&Ainte er@eti2e 2a ale nt&ne2at&l&i
Hera2Bt4 ra n 2&Aintele l&i Le%nte 2a &n @&r@&r &Be<
$t%li24 -i a2&@ iat<lC 2 se 'ier(e 2a ntr<i@ re*ren 3
=M2Aarec 7 5ereastraC 'e 2are el a sritC a r@as 2i<
Ana ne r%egC 2& %2Bi (e 2'ri%ar s'eriat4 B" nAi rnal
7i
% (es're l&2r&ri att (e s&@bre 3
44N&<i '2at sN t@ &@bre s&bt aii7a s%are HL
:G/
-i iitiL<r4e eurSs8-3 (e%2a@(atC (is2&iile i %a'tele 2% ga a<scau 2a un urur
aBer%nli24 !enis2r@C ntr<a4 (eAarC 'e C%astti !iil%r 'entr& alt2eAaC n& 'entr& a asC<culta a2el
@&r@&r4 6eniser 2a s &it@ 'entr& 2teA
I
C 2eas&ri 9 &@brele t%t @ai greleC 'e 2are ist%ria
le a<ternea 'este ntreg baDin&l (&nrean4
A(A%2at&l Gr&ia se ri(i24 i 2Bea@ 2ele (%& *elC<i % ia 'rin 2%2la&ri4 +reb&ia& s a(&ne
2rengi &s2ate h Ae(erea *%2&l&i I Aatra e (e @< 'regtit s&bt n&24 N%i 2eilaliC @ai r@nea@
'&in n &@bra g&t&il%rC Le%nl4 ne atrage atenia 2C @ai s&sC la 2a't&l '%(g%rieiC ar i 2iAa
2aiC 2& r%( 2%'tC 2a @erele (e a&r ale legen(ei KMergeiC 2&legeiC 'n 2n( 'srile n& A%r
@n2a legen(aL4
Ana sare s'rinten4 M ri(i2 i 2&4 L2%nte se s2&D el 're*er ne@i2area n &@bra g&t&il%r4
)%rnes2 n s&s 2i AnaC 'rintre ir&rile (e b&t&2i (e Aie4 5r&nDele viei araii3 snt 'r%as't
str%'ii 2& 'iatr Ant4 !ineii4I 'ietrei 'e Ir&nDe AerDiC snt%aseC @i (ele2teaD %2Bii ntr-
att 2 n& '%t s<@i @ai rein ex2la@aia (e ncGntare 3 K"&nt 2&l%ri 'entr& &n %eBi (e 'i2t%r4
)riAeteC Ana in 'Nrlea (e s&s a '%(g%riei a2est Ainei& stro!it 'e AiT si r%444&l '@nt&l&i4
)inunat +" 9 A@ 2&les 2& Ana 2ai sele 2%a'teC ee ai a*r@a&C ex2e'i%nal (e @ariC '^
crengi3 -i @&2@ (in (e4 K"&nt b&ne HL % ntreb 'e Ana Oare site eaC (in t%n&l ntrebrii3
&%ara al&DieC 2e ^ *a2 la n& ti& 2e as'e' al '2at&l&i %riginar H Ori2&@ ea @i rs'&n(e 2&
g&ra 'lin (e @ieDC 2& % A%l&'tal4F !aradisiac n2 n%n2er2atC (e n2e'&t (e l&@eC 2I i 2&@
@i<aA *i neles al&Dia 3 K"&nt b&neC *%arte 7L 9 O 2ais (e%sebit (e @are atrn 'e % 2reangaC
'rea s&s 2I sR% '&te@ aj&nge 2& @na4 )rea s&s 2a s<% '&te@ aj&nge<F Ge s'&n H Caisa atrn
s&s (e t%tC i n&@ai (%rina Aii (e a '&ne @ina 'eI eaC n2<a a@git % 2li' 2 *ira '&teI s<%
a*unge (e j%s4 'e<% 2ale oarecare5 "e uit rie(& @eriiC 2&@ a@ !utea-o a(&2eC 2&@ a@
'&tea s cre4te sa& s ne 'rel&ngi@ ntr<&n *el braele4 N& e 2Bi'4 "<^ (%b%i@ 2& &n ara2 H
N& ne n(&r@ I 2aisa s<ar D(r%b ustind3 2arnea s<ar &@'le (e !nt3 i n<ar @ai aAeI ni2i
&n *%l%s4 "<% ls@ @ai bine s<% 2i&g&leas2 'ii rile i Aies'ii4 KDa2 @<aj&i '&inC @ s&i
n 2aisLC zic AnaC A(in( &n neast!r n 'i2i%rC 2e *a2e s<i vibreB
icile geeno5 44Dar i (a& %ri2e
:GE
aj&t%rFFC i rGs!unc
a*4iii&( 2e tr&2&ri ns2%2eteC C4At&n2i ITIJI J4 a lFZ i^ ZM t^Z 'e Aine4 M s&i 'e &@erii tiC te
ri(i2iC e& @*t in rF
s
r tr&n2BiC (e 2rengiLFC 9 sta ar *i tr&2&l Anei4 a 4i /a<'( san(alele4
,&@ne 2& tl'ile g%ale4 M a'le24 a F4= s&ie 2& tl'ileC 're2&@ 'r%@isese I i le si@t
'%UiAin(&<FA 'e &@erii @ei4 M ri(i2 n2etC n2eti%r4 n 2li'a C?IK7 snt iari nlat 'e
'i2i%areC i 2n( gleDnele ei @i ating &re2BileC n& @ '%t reine s n&<i s'&n 3 K-i asia % n&<
@eti t& <r< a te s&i in 2ais HF
3
5r a<@i @ai rg'&neieC Ana re&ete s 2&leag 2aisaC 2& %
ex2la@aie (e b&2&rie4 M a'le2 iariC n2etC n2eti%rC 'entr& 2a Ana s '%at& bri dv 'e
&@erii @%i4 9 Cre(ea@ 2 A%@ @'Ai 2aisaC exe@'lar (e<% @ri@e rarisi@C n 'ri egaleC
2a % rs'lat 'entr& e*%rt&l 2%@&nC (ar ea Di2e 3 CCO (&2 l&i Le%nie 7FL
Ctre a@iaDC Gr&iaC 2& *eteleC s%ses2 i eiC AnaC Le%n2 i 2a @ineC i ate'ta@ 2a@ (e
@<i%r s&bt g&t&i4 Gr&ia i '&ne '%Aara (e 2rengi &s2ate lng Aatra (e s&bt ni 24 A'%i
axeaD gtejele i 2rengileC r&'te 'este gen&n2BiC (&' reg&lile &n&i an2estral rit&al4 "e
n2inge *%2&l4 "e 'regtete grtar&l4 N& tre2e &n 2eas i AiaC g&t&ii i n&2&l se &@'l& 2e
s*ara 2rnii 2e<i 'i2&r giasi@2a "n+ jerati24 A@ ine @ai b&2&r%s *ie2areC 2te<% *%lie (% 'i&T
.
'entr& 2a grsi@ea s @bie @ieD&l alb4 Dar i aa e bintC 22i 'i2t&rile n& sv A%r ir%si
(egeaba4 L% A%@
.
'riAi 2a <a jert*a a(&s *%2&l&i4 5lei2ile se *rig 'e grtarC l&n( &ne%ri
*la2rC 2a s 'rin( &n agreabil g&st (e 2rb&ne4 O b%areC 2e ia *iin 2Biar a2i 'rintre AiiC ne
ae*&2e *&@&l (e Areas2&ri n %2BiC (&( nril%r i 'l@nil%r n%tri % sing&lar e&*%rie4 Gr&ia
a(&2e sti2lele (e AinC 2e le '&sene la s%sire n %2Bi&l (% a'C r2%r%sC al &n&i i'%t (in a'r%<
'iere4 )rintre *rnt&ri (e *raDe neter@inateC 'rini r A%rbe 2e 'ar @ai @< nite
ex2la@aii (e 'l2ereC (ini r%stiri arti2&late 2& n%i@C ne (%@%li@ *%a@ea i set % Gr&ia i
r%stete 'rerea 2 ni2ieri &n Ain n&<i (%biJ (ete Airt&ileC 2a<n l%2&l s& natal4 !in&l ar
treb&i bF<F 2Biar la 2a't&l AieiC n 2are 2res2 i se 2%2 str&g&riiC 2
3
^ 2are rste st%rs4 !in&l
treb&ie b3Z&t la %brieC ntr<% Di tJ S AarC<2&@ este 2ea (e aWtxi4 N&@ai aa beiC % (at ^ ^
Ain&lC s%r<rele 'i ea2n2le 2%l% @ai rare ale '@@t&K
3
!( r&@ Le%nte a(&na n g&ra ar%@a
Ain&l&iC ins'irii4M a(n24 Ar%@ele FMJ 'r%(&2 s&bt b%li4 "&bt b%it *i 2ar% ^F<SS 2er&l FFiri
"&bi i]T7MT 2er&tei D&' &lli@n iigBOlFiFCZ
Le%nle Di2e 3 K! @&l&@es2 t&t&r%rC ie AnaC ie Axent24
ie Gr&ia i s2&@'el%r ele ne'%eleC Aa rn&iiAarae 24
J 'rilej &it o eAa(are (in Ar#ea ainar&iai4 Da2 I34
A<^SSI 5i in(&rat s AeniiC era@ a2&@ t%t a2%l%C j%sC B3
4 @ea &@br%as4 M b&2&r e& v(i (e acesS 2easC 2i
soi eC (% ar%@e i (e /lcri5 +%ate a& aetsi &n serCC
s'irit&alL4
4
I
!rea& s te b&2&ri i (e<% 2aisC 22w [i<a@ 2&les<T NnFi@e4 ea an (ar4 @are 2a % legen(LC l
ir4tr%r&'e Ana4 3ln(&<i r%(&l 2a't&rat n @'rej&rriC 2e @& *&rni2 n2 'rin &@eri i brae4
Le%nte ia 2IM>saC 2a s<% uiire n<iOi2ln(<% 'e t%ate *eele 3 KC& % ase@enea is'it aaturB3
Area a @ a(e@eneas2C s @ nt%r2 iar4i 'e @(eagi4 =Ie< ei )%ale 2 inn( n @@
a2east is'it (e a&rC Ir4 n ur na(ir&l (e'resi&nii @el24 n s't@Nnile (in a@a 2at a(esea
gn(&l (e a 'le2a4 AstDiC i @ai alt
.
I4 34 '%2%t 2 a '*e2a este % is'raA b%lnaA4 N& se !or-
Ur&@&l l&ng (e 'e (@' (e @%B%r 7 *<a Area "L ascG % n*iare b%lnaA 5a'taC *a'ta 2e
treb&i
+e &n a2t (e er%is@L4 S !er/ect la 2eea 2e L2%nte *a2e % aiit (rI
F <l 2%ntraDi2 3 KDrag&l @eAiC (<rai A%it
a n& este ni2i%(at &n a2t (e 4 Arei s s'&iC n& este ni2i%(at &n a2 a 44i
Le%nteC Ksin&2i(erea esteC (esig&rC h
& lC &n a2t (e b%al i (e ires'%nsabili
Z iciderFa !oete s *ie ns &n a2t =i<
I 4%s2C un a2t ra&ral sin&2i(erea @3 i
i 4 (%ri 2a an ase@enea a2t sh
i7 (e 2%@'%rtri3 %bteas24 M%ral oul n& s<ar '&tea n&@i ni2i%(at te %ri2e n%r@4 Ast*el
sin&2i(erea '%ate 7 uneori3 uri a2t de erois5 OneAaC i 2&r@ % e^isten3 2e n& @ai @eriiI
istea 'n *iina ei ire@e(iabil degradat5" datori i'iFej&tri silni2e Oi 'rin *%r
@aj%r4
Irai s 2 a(esea A<ai te@&t (e (e'resi&niiT
(r e 2%tr%'it (e U % era@e4 !<ai Benv9A 3SIFL
3A *i& nAin&it (4Y @<e gi
atlsea rt2iri4 D%AeDi de u<s*!eiertlN n& 2re( 44 F (at Ar=xJ(at +"
:11
i iniei Aine in (is2 ars&l l&i L2%nte4 5il%D%*&l ne %J sJ^ ] n&nai n%& 2el%r (e *aC (nr
aAea &n i%nC un i222nt i % grij n *%r@&lareC 'ar2 s<ar *i a(resat &n&i nare 'abii24 Glas&l i
era t%t&i n2etC 2 n& s<ar *i aro/e &n=%l=^ (e 2er2&l n%str&4 Ana interAineC eAi(entC 2a s
xbat 're%2&'rile tntr<alt 'arte4 a ?i r%stete 2a % i%ri*llNC (in sanin 3 KDe @< t%t (%res2
s A( (@ a're<CF SF e ,i'ile ,%ii 7 Ce<ai ri2e s *a2e@ la nt%ar2ere &a 'n la ele H Ar *i
&n %2%lC (ar444L Le%rite =2a2i%<4& a'r%a'e 2a &n 2%'il 3 KN&C 'e<a2%l% n& @ (&27 *2r& @ine
este n2 n Aig%are %'reliteaC 2e ne<% (ete n licFe tata 3 2%'iiC s n& A (&2ei ni2i%(at la
,'ile i I n *&n(&l 'r'stiil%A sll&iate a2%l% &n RMR -), e& &n %2Bi n *ti&it24 C'2&n&l
atrage 2& e iri2cie ar 2ta (e s&s n 'r'astie 7L KAs2&li44 . Ana 'e<i@ t%n (&l2eC Kr4& Ai ei s
-n
n
*a2i i %2%l (%<&n 2eas H "nt ani (e 2n( tries2 in a2est aj4 i dD 2ile %ti A4i( l4'ile ,%iiC
rn ia (<l 4&bs&%ri in MFlan (e a '%@i nir<s2%i% 7LL KC&n%s2 Oi %& A%l&'<c @isteri%as a nt%at
22*ii n ge%l%gieLC 2a&t Le%nte L4e n(&'le2eC K(ar satis*a2ia % '&te@ aAea i n&niel Sn( (%<
ai2iC 'este t%at a2east Aale4 N& treLr4ie n&@ai<(%2lt s nH %steni@ 'ii I& K'il% ll%ii4 )riAii
@&aai n j%s 4i-n (e'rtri 7 Ne aCtJ@ n g2%l%ie 'r%Uit](%ni 7 Cit ie i@%bil e 'eisaj&l 7 in
ijiiiie sale @ari r4& a<a *2ni@BaM a'rea'e (%i%2 n 2ei 'atr&De2i (e aniC (e 2ln( rCnZ i*Ait
A
AA"
`%'iliie 2a (in a'ele Aiit%rii (e la M%ara7 <#4t a@inteC AxenteC 2n( &@bla@ 'e<ai2iC
!U+*L, (&n . n ea&tnrea %&Nl%r (e 'sri H AAeai4 . I rr4saC C 2te<% 2%le2ie ntreaga4
Ne 'l2ea& @LiF4r F < ?"U<lateC 2e ie (ib&ca<nC 2& instin2t (e ani@al< Ar4 2&ib&rile l%rC
2te trei<'ati&<2in2iC sa& 2Bi4 %& A2jFD&iC 'istr&iatFl tran(a*iriiC &nele 2& *ire 2a gi%F%&iile (e
s'&n4 Dar 2e A%ia@ t< biL J 4K4i ra<ana 'ier(&t4 In a@intiri @ 'ier( &iA %ri 2 a '
ji*sesA3 (r&@&l na'%i4 DaC a'r%a'e ni@i2 r4& sR24 OalnibAi (e<at&n2i 7 In DareC a2eiaiC Ia
l%2&l l%r4 M&nii A'&seniC ne2lintiiC 2& r%t&nji@i 2& 'r%*il&ri DigDagateC 'ar2 (in Aeni2ie
9 aa4 -i a'a M&re&l&i 2are % ine s're Cl@'&l )@iiC iar n 2ealalt DareC la stngaC M&lii
Albstrii strj&in( 2%a'sele 5r&@%asei N&@ai AegetaiaC %arae<aii i b&r&iana s<a& s2Bi@batC
s<a &s2at &n s%rbC a& 'ierit i a& eres2&t 2%'a2iC 2te<&n g&t&i i 2iAa 2%rni4 In 'atr&<
:G8
et ei (e ani 7 Dar 2e nsea@n 'at i3 <
i
2 . %e ani H F!iili 'eFitr& 2el&la Aie4 '&in 'tnti& 'eK<<PI
I!rF4ai N3 I! i4aZr^M 'r%*il&ril%r (in sare treb&ie j4rei P1 @ii (T ^Jni4 ICjinai (a2 nO<a@
nt%ar2e 2& @ili%ane (e I4ni na'%iC =M4@ A=xi= % ,> 'eisaj4 Ca( 2%l% j%s 'e la '%ai4i a2elei
C%r<st% UC&rgeCJ4 %(at Ul&ilC 2are n& (e'arte (%<r42i *<e AanCa n M&reL4 9 H%r*i2a &=sare i<
4i as2&te t&e2B^a3 CC)%4#a*reC i@2Bi&leC 'alaAre 7L ,i(2@ 2& t%ii (e ii* n2re(erea *etel%r4
L2%ntr &r@rir KDaC *etel%i<4 asta a *%st 2n(AaC 2n( Oltal n2 ru-+3i s'
A
&C
2
etCe albia 'i in
stn2il% (e la +&rnn<lt%U4 "a as2<ai *etel%rC i s n& A @iraiC 22i ara n *%rt %(at4 *JLi2l
seL Z4&<sa n M&re<C 2a@ 'e &n(e s<arat 2t&n&l O4&<(el (<<7 Ae(ei i (eRaci4 @i 'a22 s
niii nl%ie
t
C(
8
n2 n U^ iF%gi2C 2n( %@&l n& era (e2t % '%sibilitate a r&t&riiC % <iten n *iine
(e alt n*iare4 n 2eas&ri sF4iaAe4 2FirFC n n&@ele &n%r i(ei =gener%aseMC %@&l 2& %br2&&l
+are4 2aie sM'ne*4te @=
i
eag&rile (&nrene Ji i4j'r4M3 4F4 i tians*%r@C *i s2r&'&le 3
s
<4i
ne'e2n y.6t, at<t& '%g%CFJiJ n tF+@e (% r%biC nt%*tre%rea n getj#%Oi% este <Si rt&iF@ C^4i %
2%ns%lare4 )eis'e2liAa i2%l%gij2 ns2&naC Ln e%rAitiile (e Aia (e astDiC % @brbtare 3 a
*%st t KI!4F? t& t%i&l alt*elC Aa *i 2n(Aa 2& t%t&l ali*ii 7L
Le%ntM &&eaC 2& ]i&nen l&iC s ne 2%nt&%ir2 seL<O4j*F i 'T&triJi^ a @&tabilitii l&2r&ril%r4 C&
atn6i Ae(enii =. r4&in sN ii.re^tMI n sine si@@@tnl i xirt&i2a lab(Fli4 2a r<i 2&@ ar *i
s'&s3 t%ate tre23 <i se s2Bi@b4 eBIC t
I
<it%aiile 2e 'rx *2&te 'entr& t%t(ea&na4 !iDi<sin 4 KF a
M (es*iina rtati2a nat&iii4 a i@'li2a ns tlir%&4 te 2c'I9 % 'i2a @< s*era n%asti (e
'eI2e'
.
ie4 )L SS3 Fi =F4 ge%i^44F< a i@iiabilHJii t&tAinr i't<nrilUJ<e t & F4=4<4& IC4I <e '^ M & %
2li'I ea lNjr&&t4s BJ&
H
i n&@Oi t .C. ^
I
a &nti (i
r
C 4 riC 2e n&<i g*4I4T t% Bi 4sesOt 2eas trn alt
^ 44 i4
i ^^Uea si Ileana aAea& s<F&*i2FeniFO reI<A<#liie (% ge%<*J l%2alC ea sr4<i n(ii'&it
e*
i
it%
i
^F4IF*c< Olt&l r%Ar<
S
' g
se n M&re4 Cu ele continuau a se nAiraC e& nFn-2re%iS3S^4 li s-a re!etat 2 2ele artate
n& *rN& (e doeniul /ante?iei5 5etele n& se '&tea& (&@iri i n(Ze=Hi vorba3 & rn(
a@n&nteC ee<ar *i '&t&t s le satis/B enora curiodtatD5 Ceea 2e /4e &+iJa Dn 2ele (in unri
i&-ginaia3 era 53ba5Fnl"3 ce se ntre?re4te n %ri2e ge%l%gie4 Cui 4 L2%nt% a iDb&titC 2&
eA%2area saC s n% trans'&nI7 n Site vrei3 $t% 2&tatC s<i t&At'(A !otrivirea /a ele
:*i/
'lan&l a(<B%2 (e a *a2eC nt%ren(&<n2 Ia AireC %2%l&l 2a@ nt%rt%2Beat 'e la ,'ile Ilarii4 KAi
daSc=^s t& a5J n%astr &n 'eisaj ge%l%gi2C n& ti& (e 2e ne-cG 3Iii a2&@ (%rina (e a ar&n2a %
'riAire n $!ile 'toEiiOO3 % raentear4 OZnaC 2areC (&' % 'a&DC n 2are se 'ier(e n '<iAeliteC
a(a&g 3 KDe4 la (istanC Itl'tle e& 'r'stiile l%r 'ar % ran a 'tnnt&l&i 7L
KOana '@nt&l&i 7 Le s'&i *r&@%s i sugestiv a2est%r ,'i7F re'li2 Le%nte4 C4De dragul
eta/oreiPale3 A%i tre2e 'este %'relite4 Dar @ai nainte (e a 'le2a ntr<a2%l%C ar *i bine s ne
%(iBni@ '&in4 C%'iiC (&2ei<A3J4 ntr<alt 'arteC s na A @ai a&Di@ gng&rit&GC 2 Are@ s ne
%(iBni@ 7L
KDar &n(e s ne (&2e@C &n2Bi&le HL ntreab ,%(i2a
KMergei 'n<n Aaie 4i 2&tai albia Olt&l&i 7L rs'&n(e xt@bin( Le%nte4
KAsla<i 2a si 2&@ ne<ai tri@ite 'n la a'a (in 2are bea 2&r2&be&l 7F *a2eC (n( (in &@%ri4
,%(i2a4
K,%(i2%C t& A%rbeti (es're a'a (in 2are bea 2&r2&be&lC 2a i 2&@ % ase@enea a' ni2i n<ar
exisl&4 Nen<2reDt%are% 7 Dar a*l (e la @ine 2 ni2i % *at n& se *a2e *r&@%as (<i2 n& bea
(in a'a 2&r2&be&l&i 7 AJ A%rbete Ana4
KD&@neaA%astr ai b&tHL % ntreab 2& cuvhv-,%(i2aC
K& n& s&nt *r&@%as +3 itte s<i rs'&n( (%a@n3t Ana ,reC 2are n& a tre2&t e& Ae(erea
2%@'li@en&FC 2e n2er2a s<l insin&eDe @i2aC Aiit%are *r&@&see4
Ana tria ntr<a(eAr in 2re(ina 2 n& esF4e *r&@%as4 -i t%t&iC n 2eas&l a2estaC n l&@ina
s&bstanialO a'r%a'e 'i'ibilC a AeriiC nen2re(erea ei in sire este (eD@init (e<% eAi(en4
n (is'%Diia s&*leteas2 nalt A 2a (eal&l Aiil%r (in C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC (%a@na Ana e %
@in&nat artare4 C& &@erii %brajil%r &%r @b&j%rai (e btaiaC 2a (e &rDi2iC a s%arel&iC Ana
i reAeleaD 2& (is2reie *r&@&seeaC 2& t%t&l a'arteC 2e n& are nitnic (e a tFa22I 2& ti'arele
*e@inine %bin&i te4 C%@'li@ent&l *in al ,%(i 2i iii @<a @iratC 22i 2%'iii n& a& (ar&l (e a
re@ar2a % *r&@&see att (e as2&ns i (% 2%n(ii%naF > 2&@ este a2eea a (%a@nei Ana4 DaC
*r&@&see 2%n(ii%nal 7 ntia %ar si@t @ai 2lar 2 *r&@&seea (%a@ Ana ,ar2 e
2%n(ii%nat (e<&n s&*let &niAersalC 2e 'l&tete n I<Tre4M?i I3F Atbrn( n t%t 2e Ae(e@4
:]J
C4Uiiai<ALC Di2C Kla (%a@na &lia3 i s'&neE<@i (a2 n<a b&t (in a'a 2&r2&be&l&i4 Oriet ar
tg(&iC n& @N
niese 2 ea a gsit 'e &n(eAa a2ea a'C i a b&t (in aC @< i 2& sete 7L D%a@na Ana se a'r
=& n&nie (e 'riAirile n%astre4
C4A b&t 7 A b&tLC strig (in rs'&teri 2ele (%& *ete4
KA b&t 7
3^
ntreteC 2& glas graA i bln(C L%^J 2a i 2&@ ar *i *%st @art%r (e ne(eD@init al
are%i n<t@'lri (e '%@@ din 2r%ni2a Aieii 'e '@nt4
Ccalit 'entr& *r&@&seea eiC 2are n a2est 2%=4 iAete 2a s ntr&'eDe n aterie % ine*abil
a@I<l&ntri2C Ana i nt%ar2e *aa (e la n%i i<i F i a!u n iarb 3 K" ne %(iBni@ 7 "
(%r@i@ 7L
Ara a(%r@itC 2& t%iiC (&' 2e %(e (%& iF (e'rtat 'e Geai n s&sC 2iri'in( 'rin Aii n l%2&i
'sN<i i]4 2are la a2east %r a 2alen(ar&l&i (e Aar &itaser (ni%2&l4 raC t%t&iC &n 2nte2
'ret&tin(eniC M J @ie2&l era n n%iC n 2ei trei brbaiC 2are ne gsea@ in a (%a@nei Ana4
"ig&rC 2 *ie2are (in n%i a ?IU?
sine n s%@n&l s& * i &@&seea4 2e se alesese s&bt ^ tc)*i n%etiiC ne o (atC @ai Aie i @ai
nAe(erat ea
+nd nainte5 9 D&' % %rC (%&C *eteleC nt%ran(&<t<2 (e 'rin brt%a'e i l&@ini&riC aAea& s
ne s2&t&re (in ar@4 )-a treDit strr&tn(C 2*4&i ileana @ g(iN 2& UD s'i2 (e iarbC 'e
%braDC n 2eaiFNC n nri5 ,%(ieI
3
C O(e'linire a2eeai %'eraieC a'le2at n gen&n2Bi n 4
4s%4
=eiarG/n r@iele os!ului3 '&ser@ +i, 4S&i4 b4ir2la i 2&inele s a'%i 'e<% '%te24 Stei3
2tre )a'ile ,%iiC ne2n( &@%ri !e '%Arni&iiC (i 'lin doar d( csttlii (e @t"n4 nai
C*4 alunele ICIi n&2ile g&n%ase4 +i (in s!ate3 urcu4ul n& era ni2i u4<
<F'i i t&ni Db&ra& &ne%ri 'r l
2i (e a&r AerH&i4 -%'r% ne%bin&it (e @ari4 =le<i@ Aer(e $eninm- 2& g&a 'al'il4@( (e
'ani2C 4sU arta& 'rintre r(2inile t&*el%r (e @2ei4 Ct in&4 &r<ce4u3 Le%nte @ria4 i
rostea nen2etat ne@&l&@ir 2 ne tr&2li@ n s&(%area *eei 'e<% ase@enea 2l(&r4 "/ o
/r d( Are% 'ri2in /it+(-ogic/i3 raei tare (=
rI%i4 (ar '%ate 2 era *ires2 s /ie *eiaC ta2i el treb&ia la
:81
traiste i<n (e2&'a i (@ '%(g%rii O'r2 S &rJ(e tre2ea@C l&<7 C%astei er ari2iC i g%alaC @ai
&M3&<^
A
O%areleC 2e ne bteii 4 ni2i t%2@ai 'l2&t n%iC %enteBi( r4i
Fn 2i %'reli
s v -
r
Mi[ <2Belia 2e i se salOl&ise 2Nn(Aa
7$ +ss 47FM 4
t
i 52&se % 2%n2esie &nei
4tii< S $ii s Ana. 'iv l&'ta l&ritn S %i % 2e i *iM Fi s&*let n2 (in 2%'ilrieC *itC
tiinC nAingea n&@ai aneA%ie Fin<el&i s& r'%sai %& 'at=&3A2i @e d'/ s&(%are li 2(ea& (e 'e
r&4
"-&c% ++ ,'il%r K%Oii4 s 'riAir sj&bt r4OiO)eisaj (a argil r%ie4 rir<4rCl&eH42 tn *&n(&l
'r'Nsiiri&r l<a@ gsit4 Dar el se &itaC (6<n%iC 2& sing&r&l %2Bi al tIN&C 2&
%'relC
e& '%tenial&l s& (e
inter(i2ia (e ba4<@ a ani n &rin4 B nte (e<a (re't&i N*<r4rn %'rit 2Biar (
in4 'r'stiile a(n2i (%
@i '%triAii %2Bi&l a C'2&n&l&i4 irC (e j2s In 4s&s4 la
%2Bi&l (in *i
\'
S
'=r^<
n i&Da iiiF
L4 )i Sin(ea@
a2&@
&r@at AiDitei ,n Ci@'&7 B ele n& 's ea ie4eau (in n l%t2lait&na4 Oaii2 n%& I Fi FM&xte&l&i4
Cel !uG! tic n%& a ?area kn&t&F n C@'&l<5r&iFn%a"i<iiIVl ti'arC n 2 IZele (e t%att altele 9
*iM % a se in*l&ena +iibai hi-iC @ai a(eseaC (es're eA%l&ia s&*leteas2 a l&i Le%nteC i
a2easta 'rin AnaC 2are 2%ni&H<, s se (&2 2& a&t%b&D&lC n *ie2e s't@Nn % 'n n C@'&l
5r&@%asei4 A2est (r&@ s'trana
.
4 FLera (eter@inat (e % @areC '&terni2 a*e2i&ne 'riete<4
C& %2aDia ntlniril%r 2& t%t&l nt@'lt%areC '^M a2&@a n& le @ai %2%leaC Ana @i '%Aestea
etas/ice Le%nteC a 2r&i 2riD s&*leteas2 ne ngrij%raC att '% @ire 2t i 'e eM4
%^cursia Arati2 'n n C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC (es're aAea@ s<i A%rbes2 O2taAiei 2Biar a (%&a
d.', a s
:8.
la cZ4i&l bi%(ncFi%r % ner<t%'tat rea2ie4 !re% 2lFU sC<Jj^H4 C^iJ<i O2taZ iaC r42%li4 %*<&n
Ai%l2aT v,i[ r4L iv'-('#e, nii r.-ii @ai A%it s stea c,3) F%4b4i 2& @ine4 lini r %T2ea s'atM F (e
&te %ii l *ai%ni la Br<n Ji <e retrgea % te4
U
LJtiZF n %(aia *eteiC eai<e a%iJ@ n ti@'&l Aerii se
$ZA
y
hIQi i taC a2asC b&t &i in(&2e (T3 (tWU@B<nle Aa2anei @4j<i4 UMaia Leiei era &lnF&ri (e
n2'erea @areC n 2are cKZi<( OF%(nieii I s% 'j &ngea (in %(Iaa @ar2 Ia %(ia tei2i n
I
Ir<&n
inie t%ii(%r<*&n(t&rC *r *ereastrC 7 ntjH44 t4 "e '%tj<ai74 n a 2eas ULF '^ 2i&ngite a
n2'erii 'rineii6
t
il^ 4 FSa2i 2& i*&na si 2ereale4
HF M @( n<aAiA@ s<@i ?+iUt4j' AiDitele a Ban&l
bnJ^#iJc F@i 2F4in 'ri2ina s&'rriiC 2e<% s%2%tea@ tre2<
i^K CZ F^ O2taAFti4 n ea(@a Dicl%r s't@nii 2%nli<
Ji SL7 J ii i ia2e AiDiteleC %bin&iteC la Ban4 O2taAia i@i
F47FSJ i ie2e *4F4l&t&i&i UAl(&i%s 2& 2are intra@C i
nA BL &in&t n %(ia LiHei4 M lsa sing&rC @i<
=F4 T )A$)- $ ZsnreC 2e<@i 2(ea &ne%ri 'e nerAiC ntr<attC
4 A ,',$)7u nOt%2%iitC arrn2tn(&<i e'itete 2te%(at
C inj&ri%ase4 N& @ l&a@ (&' ea n %(ia LelieiC
L4 n la b3%( 2a sa @ai sta& (^
l
A%rb e& 'rinte!
S & Fj4&nea@ a2est&ia (es2Bis 2*^ O2taAia este (e<%
^ F F<i&l reD%nabila4 -i 2%@riitrs@ 4 2&@ a(i2 4F
t F^IFLF Cte Ai iieC reine la @esa 2&n%s2&i i ne<
< * C n4ba.n(ii<se (e i<Fi(ne i<3ir s'&ne &n 2&Ant
4 FVF^S4S fi, S nn 4L+%rtC 2J la rn(&l @L&C sn<iai a@
Fii lU 4 AFejiltF jjele 'rir +c.i <ti 2& ali %a@eni Ar (%ii
i 4F ni I 're%2&'e ni2i % *ttn& 'e UF@2C in a*ar (e ea
l
.
MF34M' UUF tIi )I1 nti'e
'
tt3 e& tZOInAJl&ir 7 Bi *tn(C in
Fa `.->++ n*44i%s2 ea n&<@i (Fri'i2ea a%e'F<4 v&(-re
I
.
?
$-'#+Ln. Ajt&itFi n 2ele (in &F@4l 4< int2r'iZ *tD C s&<
MS SSV73JF eiC 22i s&*tABil ^ raC ^a AJ (%Aa( a CJ*=el&niiC
*F2 & $) era (%@inat4
+F@' (e (%& s*4't@&n O2taAia in<Ii 'ri@it 2a i J Li% i<a *i *%st &n strCLin4 i (a@ 2& b(are
n#yv. s _ Mi@inO 2 %bin&ine ie rnel& aAea& t%lACi &n **i4l IC&b<$i-ai s&*letes2C lieAen2t@
la Ban in 2i&(a 'ri@irii ne<V4L4 4<4U%a4% (e 2are aAea@ 'Kr7e4 !(in( t ti i int=Jn<[,+(z sa<rrn
2&r@C 2lin a&&i 'ri2ini (e ni@iC ZiDitel2T nt<% F64i OUJtaAia se s2Bi@bC Cv]ntr( UH<LCI t4ji(
OLsjM%riFeC @bit%are t=a @ai nainteC ea i 2@i relaiile n%astrt FJ Fi Ii iiAt Ai2i%(<xtN
Ailbt&OiM
j
(e Z*<% &@lnj4
H4Tb(3i+a nV^Ma a r2i(&s<%C *r 'rea @<e ex'li24<S4iC 'e
2
Nlea 2ea b&nC (&' 2e ns&i
D@e&l inteiFAenj e& i@
2
&Znt bineA%it%rC 2 a2east at@%s*er (e tensi&ne ee i<ar aAea '%ate
l%2&l ntre a(%les2eniC treb&ie s n2eteDe ntre nite %a@eni @at&ri 2a n%i4
-i AiDitele @ele intrar iari n Ae2Bile< *gae4 O2taAia aAea s s2%atC se 'areC i %
nAt&rC 2el '&in 'entr& &n ti@'C (in 2ele int@'late4 A neles 2 treb&ie s<i
@a
M (%@ine
&nele slbi2i&niC (in 'ri2ina 2bi %raM n<a '&tea s'&ne 2 a *i *%st gel%sC (ar 2ari @ enerAa&
&ne%ri4 a aAea s<i 2%n2e(ieDe 2& @ai @< str&ina %%@anagiiiC 'e 2ari i reinea la @as
(in (rni2ie 2a@ nes%2%tii C 're2&@ i a(@irat%rii %2aDi%naliC (e 2are se a'rin(ea 2a % *iinC
e2 ar s&*exi (e graAe 2%@'lete (e in*eri%ritate4 O2taAia se ngrijea n s*rit 2a la %ra <<4%sirii
@ele s n& @ai *ie ni@enea 'rin 2a'4 +%t&iC n& ne @ai '&tea@ iD%la n sing&rtate (&al 2a
alia (atC 22i n %(ia (e alt&ri sttea a'le2at 'este r%@ane senDai%naleC 'e 2are le (eA%ra
2& nesaC Lelia4 5ii2a O2taAiei n& @ai era 2Biar *eti4 Lelia se @'linea n *%r@ele
*e2i%relni2eC 22<i era& 're(estinate4 AAea aer@ ra@ .: ani4 -i era snt%s (eDA%ltat 'entr&
An& <i4 IOlia %bin&ia s se n2Bi( n r2%area %(ieiC &r(FZ @br2at s&@arC sta Di&li2a
ntieag 2&*&n(at n le2Fea4 te<i sti@&lei& r%t&njirea4 Cte%(atC 2n( ne tia n +,*A+-'erea (e
alt&riC l&at 2a (e n& ti& 2e 9 *eti2ana (a b&Dna 'e &s4 !%ia s ne s&r'rin( n sit&aii
(eli2ate ase@enea a2el%ra (es're 2are 2itea 'rin r%@an% f O2iaAia a& A%ia (el%2 s ren&neC
ni2i in 2%n(iiile a2estea (e Aa2an (e AarC la %bi2ei&lC 2e<i *2&seC (e a *4% b&2e i (e
sing&rtatea n%astr (&alC aeDn(&<@i<se 'e S <n&n2BiC 2a 'e<&n s2a&n4 Cn( a&Dea 2el @ai
@i2C a[ rJ F
#
<O@'er2t 'lil<ilC F6*%ni%t In %(ia *eteiC O2taAia Wa3^< UF4a n gen&n2Bi *b2n(&<br
2 ar e&ta nite 'antAjj< e sibt 'at4 i 'x&ea as2&n(e a_t*el %biFajii @bnjr&O i Ti e@%ia
s&r'ri6A<i4 5eti Ianei n& i<a s2'at a2est aOjO2l ii Fini%i2i4 D&' riO rIF4*I@' (%ar (e DileC n 2aiFi
ataAi ni*estii (e i@'tis s<a& re'etat n @'rej&rri at(% i 4 IOHa aZiLa u'i W4 'r%n&ne s&i.M6n(
as&'ra 2el%r =O e 'etre2ea& s&bt =x<Bii ei4O5a A%rbea e& s&bneles&ri i T *& naiAitate i *r
&@br (e r&tate 7 KN& ti& n
s
e '%triAete e (e ete %ri tiAi< (in %(i ai2i4 @4Ft4 E
O&t
'anteT3i 'e "&bi 'at 7L 54aa i tr(a nn 'rF=T M3 F<
:8/
Aine4 (ar 'rin t%nC bn&iala <2 2eea 2e ne !utea s *ie<% s&it (e =2 i gest&ri '&&r&
ca &nei sit&aii (eli2ataC %ri2&@4
CCIan<a&Di 2e a bgat (e sea@ *etii a 7L s'&n e& ) SKI ntr<% (%ar4 O2taAia n2e'e s r(C
a2%'erin( % ac* (e nevinovie bine j&2at bn&iala *etei4 Dar (&<ea r(e n a2elai ti@' 2& &n
Bal% (e s&bneie<"iO<j 2a i e&@ ar Di2e 3 nelege i t&C *eli%C 2 eti (est&l (e art (%<a2i
n2%l% 7
Mai a'%iC 2& %2araa &nei AiDiteC 2e<% *2ea@ a BanC s<a nt@'lat ns ntr<a(eArC 2eAa
neobi4nuit )oentul sr bi '&t&t s 2a( *%arte de?agreabil n 2&@'na Aieii lF4i @iliare N
br%(ni2il%rC (a2 O2taAia i 2& @ineT n<*i@ *i @'r&@&tat ntrn'lrii <% n%t *ireas2 2&@
ni2i ssngele cel @ai re2e n& ar *i '&i& s<% iaginea_ @ai *ireas2 "taMT (e A%rb 2& (ctavia
des!re &nele eAeni@ente internai%naleC la 2are ne '&tea@ ate'ta4 O2taAia se n<t (e la % l&na
la alta >n s'eranIT &nei rst&rnri
a sit&aiei4 L&2r& 'e 2are (in 'arte<@i na<I n(j(&i (e%2a@(atC (&' 2e >ccideritul
^< (e atitea %ri 2 are &n a(eArat talent (e a !ierde 4 ++e. i '%Aestea@ t%t&i O2iaAiei (es're
n%4F
SMre (e (istr&gere 2& t%t&l in2re(ibilC ev. le-ar *i a@eri2anii4 &tar AetiC 2e<i /ceau o
deosebil O2taAia n& le '&tea as2<a al74 iexn<
> 'e &n gen&n2Bi4 O2taAia era rC *%arHe
t (e n%&tile 2e<i '!ari CI/%@%t&l 2aa2te@te 2e< I ( era
S ie a da b&s@ din %(ia bi "aii i
n
c S Il
s<ar !utea !resu!une c '-1- F<a(ins 2a s n& j,e au?it 3 oriD 4 n *aa n%astr4 "e &ita
?vnbitoarC ia n%i4 N&F era 2aD&l 2a @@i2a s sar i e< s<a'le2e<n ge<
7
^iC 're*2n(&<se 2
i<ar 2&ta 'ant%*ii 'e s&bt 'at4 Dar @@i2a i Di2e 2& &n 2al@ @irabil 3 K"tai (rag 'e 2ellalt
gen&n2BiC 2 Axente ne s'&ne nite ban2&riC 'r%as't a(&se (in %ra 7L 5eti2ana @i se
aeaDC *A a se lsa inAitat n2 % (atC 'e 2ellalt gen&n2Bi4 "it&aia l&a ast*el o nt%rst&r
ne'reAD&t4< +reb&ia s /ce-2%@ 'este &n @%@ent *%arte (eli2at4 !%i (a (r&@&l i@aginaiei
s *ab&leDe H !%i ns2%2i % ane2(%t 2e descree4te /trun/l
:8E
4
I C+%2@ai n2e'&se@ s<i '%Aestese @@i2Bii % itttrn<[
ar
F< 'lin (e BaDC 'etre2&t n Alba4
-tii 2 n 2el ai2i
@ai !%( 2el !iteaD i a N%&l&i +esta@ent al l&i gjjnii%n -te*anC n 2etatea 2e a *%st atta
Are@a s2a&n (%@nes2 n @are<'rin2i'at&l Ar(eal&l&iC a aj&ns 'ri@arC
%
& t%2@ai (e @<C &n
igan4 ra *ires2 i n ](inea Bt*e2ti2ii nat&rale 2a la Blgia( s aj&ng 'ri@ar &n& OOHl%area
greieril%r4 De&nDi n%&l 'ri@ar a 'ri@it Ia Mar % (elegaie a @inister&l&i sntiiC 2are
=Aenea < s exa@ineDe 'e ter%n starea sanitar (in j&(e4 N%&l 'ri@ar a 'ri@it (elegaia La
garaj 2& Un (is2&rs (e rig%are4 F"<a blbit igan&l A%rbin( 2& @ln(rie (es're
a =n2%r%nriiT4 "&r(eae t%Aarn (e la @inisterC 2N 'ri@ar&l =<(e %rigin atlt (e snt%asM
n& '*itHT n2 s *i a*lat 2 *%r@a (e statC n 2are tri@C n& @ai este 2ea @%narBi24 n
(is2&rs&l s&C igan&l<'ri@ar a @ai s'&s @<e (e t%ateCC @ai ales (es're e'i(e@iile a (&2Bii
i xante@aWi2i (in in&tC i a n2BeiatC &in( i gaie s'%r la @&n2C ast*el3 =C& &n 2&AtntC t%A
(elegaiC starea sanitar (in j&(e treb&ie li2lA(e4F C2&rn( W Inti@'lai<ea se 'etre2&se n& (e
@<C
t%2@aiC ntr<alt jr (ate 9 e& a@ tn,-+-ntN@'larea 2& a^4 @i2iiC (ar @ai '&in @iii&te 'n s
'n DiereC sing&r4 AirJ ? a2esta se a&( 'M
l<
M4 aj&nge r 'ri(A%rC se@nalC c 2arM<4 C
'&in n 4 &ii4 4 ri(i2eC s'3 ? e* a2e $' silin(&<le 4<&<@i Bt%
l<
2ealalt 'e alt&lC i
'rintele !4<isil%4 - )rint%ln intrC "ns* -i e&C (&'Hi @b&*nai<
a riiC (ar 9 n n 4 v+ a an^C=j(%U* 9 n 2eia 4%Ts ins<22l%ia aZea s lni3a E4 M: i
tJ%anti4 LtFii2i i<a& treb&it tF2Aa '%anta4 -i<at&n( I?"O 2 < *r<&at<% 'e Lel& 'e iJir4 I&
LJL t 'aii 'Niint2ai !2sii jOte eO%in%%sC (ri( %i naint* = JF a intrn4 @ai i O2taAia
2t <i Leii a A%T SJa Ban&liFiC (ar I2 r'in 2& '&F ii (e'art*C &4ia 'e &n gOi&Fa4iC n a4F2rn'n2a
s'e2ta2%l e 'nL@it S& &r Aal (e rs H (e A2eli'4 rt(n<F<^ 3 iC (aC ar<a @ai a2tg
C ' Fin Dilele tree&t%jL
)rintele !asil% nelege ast*el 2F i &n s'e2ta2%l in(e2ent '%ate s se (%s*A%are ntr<%
at@%s*er (e 'r*t<
A
il4 l se b&2&r 2C n s*ritC tensi&nea s<a 2%n,MM 'rinir<% @i a2are4
5eti2ana re'etC 'entr& tlie&4 *i 2e le<% '%Aestise@4
:8>
/le-a
)%rnin( 'r%babil (e la arest @%@ent (e4 (esiin&%r i (a BaDC 2% aAea s se 'rel&ngeas2 n2
Dile ria(&l n n%iC 'rintele !asile aAea sa<i (es*%are i *ata @ea &neia ngrij%ra& i
neaj&ns&ri g%s'%(reti Des're &nele (in a2este neaj&n4s&iiC a*lase@ n2 2T @ai nainteC 2Biar
(e la O2taAia4 a a *%st a2eeaC 2are @<a aAertiDatC s n&<i @ai (a& K@'r&@&t&riL 'rinc<l&i
!asileC 22i 2Belt&iete 'rea @< i *%arte nere6%rsabii M '&sese n gar( OetaAiaC 2a@
alar@ant3 Kd@e&l sta % s<@i *a2 ntr<% Di &n (eliri&@ tre@ensC *r&@%sC s il&streDi &n
2a'it%l s'e2ial (iniA<&n tratat (e 'at%l%gi2 internC 2& el .L O2taAia era ngr%Dit (% 'a2%stea
2% '&tea s<i 2a( 'e 2a' 3 K" tii 2 !asile n& 2BiAernisete 2instit banii strNini4 "e (a t la
banii biseri2iiC nainte (e a *i rs'%'it 7L A@ re*&Dat s<% 2r%( 'e 2&Ant4 KxagereDiLC i<a@
s'&s OetaAi2iC K&ite b&n%ar 2e 2%n*&Dii *a2i 3 !as*le n& e rs'%'itC el a r@as *r a&jb
'%'eas2C (ar ni@enea n& i<a l&at Bar&lC 2a sN<l n&@eti rs'%'itL4
KHar&l i l<a l&at sing&rC e& b&t&ra 7L 9 ri(cN glas&l O2taAia4
DarC 2&@ Di2C '%'a !asieC *%l%sin(&<se (e (estin(eI rC
3
2e s<a 'r%(&s n 2asC ntre n%iC @ai
ales (&' s2en . 2& Le<liaC a(&2e ntr<% Di A%rba (es're anangBinaC in eaiA se<a*la4 l n2e'e
2& %2%li&riC se s2ar'in In 2eaiNC i<@i arat 2&@ (in 'ri2ina gre&til%r bneiC a *%st
neA%iF 4s An(C (e&nDiC (%& Aa2i (e rasC t s 2&@'ere Bi s2Bi@b (%& 2%r2it&ri4 444CCC&
(i*erena (intre s&@a n2asat i 're&i 2%r2it&ril%r @i<a@ '&t&tC &@'le &n2ie g%l&riLC @i
@rt&risete '%'a4 M r%ag s n& @ s&'r A2east s2(ere (e niAel a g%s'%(riei
bA%(ni2il%r4 l<J njgBebarea 2reia i aj&tase@ 2& &n seri%s @'r&@&tC @ @BneteC (esig&rC
(ar n&@ai 2a s2(ere (e ni!el a &nei ntre'rin(eriC 2e<% (%rea@ 'r%s'erC iar n& 'entr& 2
asist la *r@iareaC n 2as2a(C a '%sibilitil%r br%(ni<2il%r (e a<@i restit&i 2n(Aa
K@'r&@&t&lL4 Aj&t%r&l 2e<l ((&se@ br%(niril%r n& l<a@ s%2%tit ni2i % 2li' 2a &n @'r&@&t
n a(eArat&l sena al 2&Ant&l&4 @iL s&'&nea@ 2 %a@enii % s<rai restit&ie 2eAa n 2&rs&l
ti@'&l&iC "n @s&ra '%sibilitil%r4 )re*era@ s<@i risi'es2 banii s&bt *%r@a &nei bine*a2eriC
(e 'e &r@a 2reia s'era@ %are2ari 'r%ble@ati2e nl%are2riC (e2t s @i
:8Y
4
B
2e ^a T% n&i 3 K 2 i
h
c ir%seas2 @i2&l 2a'ital ntr<% n%& in*laieC c( btea Cja &g4 )rintele !a2ile &ia asig&r 2&
j&r@inte *ier<>nGi, i%=Ue ti% la r*& &n2BiC 2 Aa 2%ntin&a s se tin (e KA&iF4j4Fnt*F4tUle lisate
*a (e g%s'%(ria @eaC (*i in(at ic -'-v iA%e* Are@elni2a 2riD4 I<ara rs'&ns 2 na<@i B
2<@%ntni 2Besti&ni s *ie %bie2t d$+ tjse&ie
-ii4 (rI3Oa !aaileC @ si@t *%arte sriijgBerit4 K @<ai bn&i 2 atari 2Besti&ni @<ar
're%2&'a
3n i2i s<i& alt&i<F4 -i &rn a(&gat3 KA@OiemOrlt n2r22lert in +-+Ev <r& nla N? 'ri2e'erea ta
g%s'%(reas27L A2este (e2laraii (e ner<r(er' a&C 're2&@ re@ar2C % n<ii&ri*Fe i!<rti*iarit
as&'ra @%ral&l&i sN&4 A2este (e2laraii (e 2ir2&@stan ii& @ @'ie(i2C t%t&iC s Aa(
sit&aia *bnrte ii@'%tGTT4 )ri2e'erea g%s'%(6ireas2 a 'ritlt'l&i le l4<AsC =Zcl^FiiUC *enrte @<
(e (%ritC 22i 2%r2it=ariGe C) i% 2&@'rase n l%2&l exe@'larel%r de ras 2& iu05(ve =Uineal%*j*
i<
i3
rN 2ert vecii al n%bili@ii transilAane (e 'e Are@&riC a ea& s<i (%Ae(eas2 (4r4a(%na
bi%l%gi2i ne<Baai(n( ni2i &n str%' (e la'te4 OAtaAia @i s'&ne 2 Aari!T IM A%r @ai (a l&'te
2el '&in 'n #a an&l4 -i a2e s&iC *iAF4eC n&@ai (a2 s<ar (eD@ini n 2&rs&l ierniT C
c
*J&&i 2
ar *i nite 2%r2it&ri 2%@'let sterile4
Han&l BaKliii(i%r @ai era 2er2etat n <i@&l ti@' i *te atte% al] griji4 Una n(%%stbi era
*%art<e arDt%are4 "e A&rl <Z4 t&t jri3ii insistent 2 br%(&l Aa li n e&na( 2ai%iJasiert.4 )r%bltFtna
esO se '&nea ejFa (a2 br%(&l ine (e CFOi< 2la r<tre'rin(%ril%r c(. *%l%ses2 &n b&n %btes2 3
a'a4 Fi JsJ4 !inile 2&taC 2a s<ei ntreas2 %'ti@is@&lC
*
cnr*e 34r4nii=V2nle @'%triAa a2estei
2ateg%risii7 3 44BA%(&l Sn& GiJGiZCi<C.e a'aC 2&@ % *%l%sete b&n%ar in%aAa4 O @%ara T si % *
aA&t ea s *%l%seas2 a'a4 Br%(nl e *2&t4 ea &n '%(C n rn&la a'eiLC 44Ai (re'tateC 'i<F@teL4 i
H4ieC K(ar n& ei<%( 2 n Oi@&l Aa *a2e ase@enea (istin2ii4 Ori2&@C (ls<Fn2ia % =%2%t Are(ni2
(%<t@ 2a' te%l%gi2 7 "alAat%are ins n& vAif 7L O nai%naliDare ar nse@na % Trenii 9
'I.Ain.el&i i s<ar iia 2ea ra%
I
rtantCi
,&rHI (e Aiti'I4 I<ar r@neN n2 'aa"nt&l4 Cele Mte% %'t Be2tare ar a2%'eriC 2eG '&in n
'arteC 'ier(T rea eAent&al a bitF(&li&C (arC nu s<ar i@itna K2%teL 2tr= t%t @@ ist%Ait%are4
)entr& Ban&l br%(ni2il%r 'ersG Aele (eAii7 (e2iC 'r4s e& 'asC t%t @ai s&@bre4 Bar ni2i d@e&lC
ni2i s%ia saC n& ia& 'rea tragi2 aO*i]nea eetiAe4 Ki 2re( 2& trie in s2Bi@barea
i@inent a
:88
Fiil%r a Aia4 A&
?v(??, ari2it (e *rrateelstC %ri2rei AtOli (tt%are (e sO4 rari4 -i n(e%sebi O2taAia se ar&n2
2& t%tala
ne n braele s*nt&l&i DA%n4 a se 7nOrij%a
A
e& i@aginaia ei li'sit (e 2%ntr%lC s (ea a Aini
%n%rei ta i t&rn ar *i ar&n2at % @inge 'e &n teren (e larg et Bi@%a4 O2taAia i AeBi2&la
DA%n&rileC + ;tD AD(&BC rnai Aii%s 2& aj&t%r&l '%@anagiil%rC 'e i %'rea la 2te<% @asC
i@'r%AiDat n grabC C 'r%ble@ati2 2alitate r&sti2C O is2%a(C 2are ar li UxH 'r@ %'r%nC
ar *i gsit (%r@in( n 2l<e<&ri &r Ke ci Ae(ereC *ie as2&ni n *inC (iAeri rt2iiC 2e 2&<j @ai
gsea& 2'ti&l4 ra& 'rintre a2etia 3 2r%iC a*iiii i '%eiC 2& n*iare jalni2 (e rataiC 2are
@ai '3<4<irvnH<?, n s&*let&l l%r 2& 'r&l AlA%iC *%2&l ea2r& al &&<4i i(ei4 Dar %are 'rintre
atiaC 2are Aenea& 0i 'le2a&C 'rintre atia 2are '&rta& % @a
r
j% (e er%&C (e s*nt sa& (e
'%etC n& era i 2te<&n agent 'r%A%2at%r H OetaAra ra(e @ere& n 2&rsC 22i este in2a'abil
(e<&n (is2er<ni,?Ht 'siB%l%gi2 i *iDi%n%@ie4 NaiAitateaC %rg%li&lC i@aR Oisnas<
ent&Dias@&l eiC gata %ii2n( /J se
3
(e2laneDeC % S @'ie(i2 s *a2 Are% (e%sebire ntre aa
i @as2a %@&<F&i4 Uit e&Ant *r&@%s arti2&latC &n @g&lit%r 2%rnI4! aer<4tt*<re2&rat la
nti+s'lare 'rintre *raDe g&n S3ieM% @iare i(ealC i ai'es2 Aigilena4 Ori2ine se i
*itrtta lng eaC s<% is2%(eas24 O2taAia e aa (e rF'atex(a '%eDie i (e (&l2ea '2t%enie a
'as&Ar&C i % % (%@inC i ntr<att (e st'nil (e<&n ent&Dias@ snibil 'entr& %ri2e *r&@&seeC
2 ni2i n& 2%I 3C '%sibil % is2%a( n a'r%'ierea eiC O2taAia 2re(ea 4 st %btea r%@aneas2
Oeste aliniat 'T &rs&l i a2elai ea i gn(4 Din 'arte<@i % n(e@na@ a(esea s *ie 'r&(ent4
N& rare%ri % ir%niDa@ 'entr& in(is2r n& % (at i<a@ s'&s 3 & 2re( 2 t& te<ai @b*A ar treb&i
s 'streDi &n se2ret C& ase@enea 'ri<i n& r@nea@ *r re'li2C 22i 2a @ ,'%str%+aC I
.n(&<@ enerAat 3 Kti &n la i &n *ri2%s 7L Din (%& n (%& s't@@i @ asig&ra 2
s%r%2&l s2Bi@brii n& e (e'arte4 "e bari2a(a n (%s&l &n&i %'ti@ista '%liti2 in(estr&2tibil4
!iit%r&l era 'entr& ea (%rinl n-HDaL"C la ter@ene s2&rte i 're2ise4 Ni2i % (eDa@gire n&
era n stare s<% *a2 s<i reAiD&ias2 s'era
.
Cele @ai a(esea @ 're*2ea@ 2<i a22e't
'reDi2eriiC
:8;
^4CUFCLV a
.
C
n
C a@intirea l&i Le%nte ar treb&i s 'str@ % s&t (e ani (e t2ere 7L
C& a2este 2&Ainte @ ri(i2C @i a'le2 '&in 2a'&l *aa *e@eiiC i ies4
A treia DiC n2 nainte (e a se l&@inaC % l&a@ t& e&F%b&D&l s're C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 )le2a@ 2&
s%ia i u+ ji2<@ea4 D%a@na Ana ,are 'le2ase n2 (in aj&nI s're s&r'riDa @eaC i %are2&@
n '%*i(a nelegerii (e alalt<i^ i4 N& @i<a (at %are a nelege 2 e (e aj&ns (ar [ ira in
Di&a n@e ri H n a&t%b&D&lC n2r2at (e
i %ri 'e (istane rnt2ij aAea@ s (esl&es2 n l&@iniC a be2&ril%rC i aij (%rit%ri (e a
'arti2i'a la 2ere<n@%r@nirii4 ra a2iC Aenin( (ins're Cl&jCT a Marga M&rean&C
Aeri%ara l&i Le%nteC 2& 'r&l ab a2&@C @ai s2&n(e I % tia@C % *e@eie 2are 'nn
7 S%ra@ent&l eiC 'rin Ai%i2i&nea s'irit&l&iC i 2a@&*la Arit 2ei a'teDe2i (e ani4 (a2
se ine sea@a (e 2r%ni2a real a Aieii i n& (e 2ea *alsC 2e % a*ieaaN %ri2e *e@eie4 La Alba4
n Baliri &n(e e& %& *a@ilia @ea ate'ta % j&@tate (e 2eas n 2eaa (ens 2a ina senA3H<naiC
&r2a n a&t%b&DC n <i@&l @%@entC i s%&l AneiC 'r%*es%r&l ,areC 2are<i gsea n&@ai
aneA%ie l%2&l n se@i<%bs2&ritate4 Ne sal&tar@ 'este (teAa bn2i4
& 2& *a@ilia gsir@ l%2 2Biar n 'reaj@a (%a@ne i I Marga4 Iat 2&@ a& tre2&t anii (e 2n(
n& ne<a@ rn4ii G !D&t7 DaC <i@a (at ne<a@ ntlnit n a2ea 2jt%ri% l (% '%@in (in t%a@na
an&l&i .0EE4 @i tre2 'rin %&g^ S I a@n&ntele s'e2ta2&l%ase ale a2elei (i@ineiC 2n( n
'lin I naintare a tr&'el%r r&seti 'rinF+ransilAaniaC a@ 2lt%rit (e la "ebe la4 "ibi&4 Ce Ai&
@i s<a nti'rit n rj s2en (e<at&n( 3 (%a@na Marga inn( n @n % *&r2i
/EE
Kt%ren(L n 2li'a 2n( tren&lC %'rit 'e 2@'C 'rea sM U*ie l&at 2& asalt (e %staii r&i 7
D%a@na Marga se (egBiDase n C4j&'ni
&
(e<&n as'e2t a'r%a'e 2l&gres24 Ni2i
n& e @< @ai alt*el @br2at4 @br%b%(it 2& &n al negr& (e ln4 5aa se iAete &i@it%r
(e tnr n2 'entr& Arst4 Ce a *2&t (%a@na Marga n 2&rsM&l a2est%r l&ngi ani (e 2&@'lit
restrite H a a iDb&tit s se stre2%are 'rin 'r'(C retrgn(&<se 2a &n @el2 n 2s&a sa4 a n&
s<a retrasC 2e<i (re'tC 2Biar ntr<% 2%2b"ie4 KD%@eni&lL eiC n& (e'arte (e Cl&jC i s<a lsat s're
'strare4 "'re &i@irea %btei r%@Nneti (e 'ret&tin(eniC (%a@na Marga a iDb&titC 2& abilitatea
ei (e t%t(ea&naC s K2a( n2 % (at 'e 'i2i%areL4 Oarei2ari neaj&ns&riC 2Biar graAe &neleC a
nt@'inat eaC la n2e'&t4 n t%a@na (&' :/ A&g&st4 a a re&it ns s se K(eDAin%Aeas2L
ar<tn( binele 2e l<a risi'it n j&r&l ei (e<a l&ng&l &nei Aiei4 Ast*el ea aAea s *ie s2&tit (e
2alea 'e 2are a& a'&2at atiiaC (intre 2%lab%rat%rii i t%ate 2%lab%rat%arele ei 3 ea n<a aj&ns ni2i
n lagre (e @&n2C ni2i 'rin n2Bis%ri4 a(eArat 2 s&bt *ir@a )atr%naj&l&iC *%st institA (
statC (%a@na Marga *2&se n ti@'&l rDb%i&l&i n bine n (rea'ta i<n stnga4 De Are% ase ani
no
v+ n 2%@'let iD%lareC retras la ar4 D%a@na M**l n& se @ai %2&'a (e2t (e 2l(irea &n&i
@a&s%le&4 I stil ne%biDantinC 'entr& s%&l eiC (e2e(at n2 nainte rDb%iC s2riit%r (e sea@C
@are %rat%r i %@ '%liti2 %rientare nai%nalist4 !(&Aa4 nDestrat 2& ex2e'i%r ns&iriC (e
energie i 'ri2e'ereC '&nea n 2l(irea @a&s%le&l&i % 'asi&ne 2& a(eArat CC*ara%ni2FF4
OriD%nt&l ei *&sese n t%i a2eti ani4 n ntregi@e %2&'at (e C4@%rt&lL eiC 2r&ia ea A%ia s<i
inAeIii 2ea2 a@intirea i gl%ria4 a i s&blinia insistenele 2& att @ai @< 2& 2t slaAa
@%rt&l&i intrase ntr<% e2li's t%talC %(at 2& 2atastr%*a (e la :/ A&g&st4 N& ne ntreine@
n&@ai(e2t as&'ra nen%r%2irii (in C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC 22i (es're ase@enea l&2r&ri n& se
'%ate A%rbi ntr<&n a&t%b&DC ni2i @2ar n %a't4 O ntreb 2&@ nainteaD l&2rrile
@a&s%le&l&i4 @i rs'&n(e 2 ar @ai aAea neA%ie (e 'iatr (e @%Dai24 2are n& '%ate *i a(&s
(e2t (in Italia4 L&2rrile s&nt s&s'en(ate (e%2a@(at4 9 In rsti@'&l l&ngil%r t2eri4C ir3
gn(es2 iari la *ai@a (e@%ni2 a a2estei *e@ei 7 n ti@'&rile i@'eri&l&i biDantin % ase@enea
*e@eieC '%rnin( (e &n(eAaC (e j%sC s<ar *i ri(i2at 'n la tr%n&l @'I
/E>
tes24 C ar *i treb&it s trea2C 'entr& a2eastaC i 'rin arena s'e2ta2%lel%rC a(@irate (e%'%triA
(e t%ate 2lasele s%2iale ale anti2Bitii tar(iAeC ar *i *%st *ires2 7 D&' 'rerea @eaC n tre2&t&l
(%a@nei MargaC a& nt&etete *a'tele b&neC iar 'rintre *a'tele b&ne 2& 2are ea a in&t s&<i
@'%(%beas2 AiaaC s%2%t 'e a2elea 2are a& iDA%rt (in @arele interes i (in @area grij 2e le
'&rta Ar&l&i ei Le%nte4 n re'etate rn(&riC n *%arte B%trt%are @%@enteC Marga a interAenit
2& % @n (e aj&t%r n *aA%area Ar&l&i ei @< @ai tnr (e2t ea4 n ti@'&l as2ensi&nii l&i
Le%nteC 'e 2are ea l a're2ia i (e al 2r&i 'restigi& @ere& n 2retere era (e%sebit (e @n(r
2a KAeri%arFF ea a s'&s a(esea &n 2&Ant %'%rt&n4 D%a@na MargaC iat<% n *aa @ea 7 A a*lat
ieri 'rin ra(i% Aestea (es're @%artea l&i Le%nte4 N<a eDitat s 'le2e n&@ai(e2t 'rin gre&l
ierniiC n 2%n(iii (e 2lt%rie 2& t%t&l ne%@enetiC s're C@'&l 5r&@%asei4 Marga este %
2re(in2i%as (e ti' biDantin I Area s ia 'arte la n@%r@ntare 2a la &n rit&alC 2e asig&r
salAaiFea %@&l&i4 N& aAea (e &n(e s iieC ne2&@ s bn&ias2C 2 Le%nte i stinsese sing&r
l&@ina Aieii4 i stre2%r Aestea n %a'tC (%DatC 2a s n& *a2 &n %24 )%ate 2 era@ 'rea
grij&li&4 a esteC (esig&rC % (re't<2re(in2i%asC (ar % 2re(in2i%as a &n&i Hrist%s bir&it%rC 2are
sea@n 2& @arele ei s% (e2e(at nainte 2& (%is'reDe2e ani4 KM%rileL alt%ra n<% @ai
i@'resi%neaDC (e2t n *&n2ie (e K@%rt&lL ei4 La2ri@ile li 2&rgC (ar 'e Ae2Bile braD(eC 2e i s<
a& s'at n %braD (&' @%artea *&lgert%are a %@&l&i ei4 M%rile alt%ra s&nt 'entr& ea &n 'rilej
n%& (e la2ri@iC &n iDA%r (e jale (es2Bis n a@intirea sing&r&cii ei K@%rtL4
n *aa @eaC @ai s're *&n(&l a&t%b&D&l&iC l&ase l%2 'r%*es%r&l ,are4 )&tea@ s<l A( (e<a
(re't&lC &n %@ 2& *a *inC a'r%a'e (e 2%'ilC n 2are se r%stete % (e%sebit b&ntate4 "<ar
s'&ne 2 ,are e b&n 'rin snge4 ,are%ri a@ aA&t 'rilej&l (e a sta (e A%rbC &n&l 2& alt&l4 Are
%2Bi albatriC (in 2ale a*ar senini4 n ti@'&l b%@bar(a@entel%r l<a@ 2&n%s2&t la C'lnaC n
2Bi' tre2t%rC n s'e2ialitatea saC 2are este b%tani2aC a (&s<% 'n la 2elebritate4 De la 2%legi (e
2%al (e<ai siC a@ a*lat ns n& (e @< 2 str&2t&ral ar *i aA&t % A%2aie @ate<tti24 Des're
Kgeni&lL s& @ate@ati2 @i<a A%rbitC 2& a(@iraie i regretC n(e%sebi inginer&l Ar%n
"ln2&l2s2&C
/EY
Ks'e2ialist&l n trDneleLC 2are i<a *%st 2%leg (e ban2 #gla &n li2e& b&2&retean4 A(%les2ent&l
&l&ia (s2l@ea 2& A%2aia sa4 ,are era 2a *2&t 'entr& l&@ea 2i*rel%r i a *%r@el%r
abstra2teC i@'li2n( % l%gi2 a'arteC 'entr& 2are aAea s'e2i*i2e ns&iri natiAe4
A(%les2ent&l *2ea Ksl&jL n *aa 'rinil%r siC 2are l (%@ina& 2a 'e % *iin 2e ntrDia s
se @'lineas24 La &n n(e@n 'rinte<2C 2r&ia el aAea s i se s&'&n la@entabil i *r
'r%testC tnr&l ,are n<a (at &r@are A%2aiei<sale *ireti4 La &niAersitate4 n l%2 (e a &r@a
@ate@ati2ileC el se B%trC jalni2 i in2re(ibilC 'entr& B%tani24 "'e2ialitatea a2 Lista el i<a
ns&it<% *r e*%rt&ri (ar i *r elan4 n (%@eni& @ate@ati2 el s<ar *i realiDat (esig&r n 2Bi'
2& t%t&l ex2e'i%nal4 9 @i Aine n @inte % nt@'lareC 2e @i<% '%Aestise 2n(Aa inginer&l
"tn2&les2&4 Int@'#a<rea 2ara2teriDeaD la 'er*e2ie % A%2aie4 N& a l&i "tn2&les2&C 2i a l&i
,areC 22i (es're el este A%rba4 n ti@'&l st&(iil%r &niAersitare tnr&l ,are aAea (ese
(is2&ii 2& "tn2&les2&C (is2&ii inn( (e (%@eni&l *il%D%*iei @ate@ati2e4 "t&(ent&l
,are inea s se Kreali JDeL n a2est (%@eni& 2a a&t%(i(a2tC 22i l 2Bin&ia& alean&rile
A%2aiei4 O (at ,are se (&2e 2& "in2&les2& la &n resta&rant4 O2&' a@n(%i &n 2%l (e
@as @ai @are4 +inerii i 2%@an(C *ie2areC 2te<&n a' (e bere i eie<&n niel AieneD4
C%nAersaia (intre ti se nArtete n j&r&l &nei 'r%ble@e (e *il%D%*ia @ate@ati2ii4 K"'&ne<
@iLC insist st&(ent&l ,areC Ks'&ne<@iC te r%gC 2e e n&@r&l H M intereseaD (e la % Are@e
*il%D%*ia n&@r&l&iL4 ,ar% an&@e era intrigat (e 2&n%tinele *il%D%*i2e 2e i le
a2BiDii%nase Aiit%r&l inginer "tn2&les2&C 2a2e t%2@ai n Are@ea a2eea 2itea &nele st&(ii
(e *il%D%*ia @ate@ati2ii4 ,areC s'irit *%arte (%tatC (ar 2a@ 2%@%(C A%ia s*t 'r%*ite (e &n 'rilej
bineAenit s're a a*la (e /a alt&l nis2aiAa l&2r&ri i@'%rtanteC *r (e a @ai *a2e el ns&i e*%rt&l
'enibil ntr<&n *el (e a st&(ia KCriti2a rai&nii S'&reL4 Asi@ila %@&lC 2& &n (ar a'r%a'e
(iAin3H%ri&C t%t 2e ine (e l&@ea @ate@ati2iiC sing&ra l&@e 22<i 'asi%naC (e alt*el4 "tne&les2&
n2e'e s ex'&n l&i ,areC n *aa a'il%r (e bereC te%ria cantian (es're j&(e2ile @atern
ali2e4 Ori2ine ar *i s&r'rins s2enaC ar ii re@ar2at 2 ,are l &r@rea 'e "tn2&les2&C (&s 2a
(e<% exaltare4 CBelner&lC (&' 2e le serAise a'iiC a(&2e i nielele Ai%<
/E8
neDe4 -i *ie2areC (in <2ei (%iC st n *aa *ar*&riei saleC %2&<'n( 2te<% lt&re a 2%l&l&i (e
@asC &n&l ling 2ellalt4 Stnculeseu ex'li24 ,are &r@rete4 Dar ,areC a22<@( &C i 2&
t%t @ai Ai& interesC se a'r%'ie n2et&l 'e Bocetul (e "tn2&les2&C n2tC la4 &n @%@ent (atC
4n2e'e s @nn2eC *r a<i (a sea@aC (in *ar*&ria a2est&iaC CBelnerii resta&rant&l&iC Are%
trei<'atr&C se '%steaD la 2ellalt 2a't al @eseiC (e &n(e 'riAes2 2& @irare la s2ena n
(es*&rare4 A& s2'at tinerii (intr<&n %s'i2i& (e neb&ni H ,are as2< 2& %2Bii larg (es2BiiC
&r@reteC (etaat (e l&@eC abstra2i&nile 2e i se serAes2 gata r&@egateC iC *%l%sin(&<se (e
2&it i *&r2&liC @nn2 'e n(elete (in *ar*&ria 'rieten&l&i s&4 Iat 'n &n(e te '%ate (&2e
'ier(erea (e sine 7 O ase@enea 2%@'%rtare n *aa &nei ex'&neriC re'reDintC %ri2e s<ar s'&neC
&n s&'erlatiA ai&risti24 Int@'larea a2eastaC 2e @i<% '%Aesti 2& @&li ani @ai nainte inginer&l
"tn2&les2&C @i Aeni n @inteC ADn( n *&n(&l a&t%b&D&l&i 'e 2elebr&7 b%tanistC 2areC ab&li2C
aAea s<i laseC n2 (in <<l<F < IenC n 'rsireC geni&l @ate@ati24 CelebritateCLM a @ea4 2&
ex'resie neAin%Aat (e 2%'il neaj&t%ratC 4@tateC 2e i se Ae(e 'rin 'ieleC ar '&tea s il&streDe i
(in 'ri2ina &n&i 'rinte tiran i in2%ntientC %b&D&l aj&nge la '%(&l (e la )art%4 +re2e@ 'este
)%(&l e inta2t4 )%(&lC (es're 2are 2i%ban&lC 2are 2i%banC (in n%a'tea 2&@'lit (e la Ban&l
br%(ni2<s'&nea 2 ar *i *%st (&s (e a'ele &@*late ale il&iC este a2iC neatins4 ,&l e 2%@'let
ngBeat 2ir2&la i 'e gBea4 I@aginea &nei *'t&riC ( 'rin a' 'e s&bt gBe&riC tre2e 'rin
n%a'tea r 6@i *a2 n gn( % @&strare 7 ABC a@r2i&r T 7 Ct (e re'e(e 'ier n a(n2&l s&b<
2&get&l&i4 A& i (%ar 2teAa s't@ni (e la 'l&rnb&riaC sat&r
2H4 N%&a a@r2i&ne strnit n @ine (e C4gea@<Fleu3 2are s<a ar&n2at n Krana '@nl&l&iFFC
ngBitHC ntr<&n *elC 'e 2ea (e @ai nainte4 Ct (e relatiA e 2a'a2itatea n%astr (e n(&rerare 7
Ct (e re'e(e aj&nge@ la % li@itC 'este 2are n& tre2e@4 -i %(at aj&ni la li ni2i 2Biar
*iDi%l%gia *eeiC AaiC n& se @ai s&'&ne .. (e a ne r%sti4 n2e'e@ s r(e@C n l%2 (e a 'lnge4
/E;
a(% (in (eraia
M&
n&
l%r4
M&
lN&i
In C@'&l 5r&@%asei (es2in(e@ (%<a dre!tul #a /osta 2as 'rinteas2 a l&i Le%nte4 n
n2'erea (e 2tre &liC e ntinsC 'e<&n 2ata*al2 i@'r%AiDatC @%rt&l4 )e *aa l&i seAerC (ar i
seninC @&laj (e 2ear al s'irit&l&iC se nti'rise % A%in4 CarneaC 2& @%li2i&nea ei
/ireasc3 n2re@enise4 +%at *aa e 2a 2iDelat n %s glb&iC de ani@al ex%ti2C rsritean4
Ni2i % &r@ (e l%AireC Lni2i % Dgriei&rN4 )r'sti%asa 2(ereC 2e i<a D(r%bit 2a'&lC n& i<a atins
*aa4 D&' s'&sele r&(el%rC 2e l<a& 2&les (in 'r'astieC tr&'&lC i<a *%st literal@ente s*r@at4 "e
'are 2 a n2etat (in Aia la ntia iDbireC n 2(ere4 )e l%2&7 &n(e a 2D&tC n& s<a re@ar2atC n
l&t&l r%& (in 'reaj@C ni2i % &r@ (e DAr2%lire4 M %'res2 n *aa r4ielor '@nteti4
Mi2rile @ele s&nt 2a ale &n&i a&t%@at ^te 2re@ene4 Mi s<a& ne'enit @axilarele4 n2t
aneA%ie @ai '&tea s arti2&leD vreun 2&Ant4 De &n(e a s^ l4U %nte tria &n&i a2tC 2e<@i
a@intete legen(arii (e (e@< H @i sting s&bt 'le%a'e %ri2e la2ri@4 I nainte (e a Bla *iin4
@i i@'&n 2& t%at '&terea s 4 Bt'nes24 Dar @&2Bi se2rei ai *iinei @el2C 2 l&i 2are ta2eC
n2ear2 s @ s&*%2e4
Lng si2ri& sta& (e 'aDC 2a (%& l&@nj 2ele (%& *eteC ,(i2a i Ileana4 !Dn(&<n2C ele iDl
n i'ete (e 'lns nest'nit4 )ar2 n<ar @ai [4 @&l2%@ite ni2i%(at4 Dar (&' 2teAa 2li'e
ele
3
X 'ate (e 'lns&l l&@inril%rC 2are 'i2&r 'e D%a@na Marga 'rin(e i ea a 'lngeC (ar
@ai alt/el3 'rintr<% l&ng %bin&in4 La2ri@ile i 2&rg ir%aie (in @ai nense@nat 'ri2inC
2a &n iDA%r egal siei4 C&@ n<ar 'lnge ea a2&@ H De atia aniC (e vreo (%is'reDe2eC %i 2n(
@%artea i<a intrat n 2asC Aiaa i<a (eAenit % *&n<4 a @%rii4 #aleaC 2a (e s*irit (e l&@e4 a
trans*%r@ai<^J ntr<&n *%l (e b%2it%are an2estral4 n t%at asii s&*letete att (e (iAersC
n&@ai 'r%*es%r&l $are4 'str<o 'la2i(itate s%br4
D%a@na AnaC 'e 2are nd*duia nerbdtor A( (in 'ri@&l @%@ent al s%sirii n
C@'&l 5r&@%aseI4 e (e *a4 ntreb 'e Ileana (e <ea4 Ileana @i s' (%a@na Ana treb&ie s *ie
'rin b&2tria (e Aa3 in *&n(&l 2&riiC ntre 2as i &rC b&2al aria a2eastaC o de!endin
(in care se s2%t t%ate *%l%asele g%s'%(retiC
/E0
n& n&@ai Aara 2i l iarna4 ,&(ele l&i Le%nte 'regtes2 a2&@C a2%l%C 2ele ne2esare 'entr&
'%@ana (e (&' n@%r@Nntare4 Marea a*e2i&neC s&bli@a 'rietenieC 2e s<a stat%rni2it n 2&rs&l
anil%r ntre Ana i Le%nteC se 2ere r%stit a2&@ s&b *%r@a a2easta t2&t i si@'l4 DeA%ta<
@ent&l 'rietenes2 al *e@eii se A(ete n @r&nte *'t&iriC n %rn(&irea treb&ril%r
g%s'%(retiC i@'&se (e @%@entC i (e %bi2ei&rile rit&ale %bteFti i str@%eti4 N& Area@ s<
% stingBeres2 n @i2ile sar2ini l&ate n2 (e ieri 'e &@eri @r&ni4 )e (e alt 'arte n<a Area s<
% A( ni2i %b%sit (e 'riAegBerea (e n%a'te4 )%ate 2 'e *aa ei s<a aeDat n ti@'&l
'riAegBi&l&iC i2i<2%l%C 2te<&n *iri2el (a *&ningene (e l&@inriC 2eea 2e @i<ar 2%@&ni2a &n
'rea a2&t si@@nt al (estr@rii l&@ii4 Ca s n& @ai *i& is'itit s<% stnjenes2C B%trs2 s
'le2 n sat4
C%b%r 'e (r&@ 'n la M%ar i @ (&2 'n la 2asa natalC (in2%l% (e 2%ala sat&l&i4 "tenii
@ %'res2C '&rtn( n2 n glas 2&tre@&r&l 2%l%r nt@'late4 n sat se 2re(e 2 @%artea l&i
Le%nte s<a 'r%(&s 'rintr<&n a22i(ent4 KO *i al&ne2at t%t 'li@bn(&<se 'e<a2%l%LC @i s'&ne &n
Ae2in (e alt(at4 A*l& ast*el 2 n 2&rs&l s't@nil%r (in &r@C 2%ntrar %'relitii (in
2%'ilrieC Le%nte se (&2ea a(esea n ex2&rsie 'n la K2BiLC 2&@ 'r%n&n stenii4
M (&2 a'%iC tre2n( 'e lBg biseri2C 'rin Ae2Bi&l 2i@itirC n 2are n& se @ai n@%r@NnteaD
s&*lete (e %@ (e De2i (e ani4 52n( % abatere (e la legea l%2&l&iC s*at&l sat&l&i i 're%t&l a&
ng(&itC nsC 2a Le%nte s *ie n@%r@nlat lng 'rinii i str@%ii siC
A
n *aa biseri2iiC
'rintre 2r&2ile Ae2Bi '&rtn( ins2ri'ii 2irili2e4 Aa sa 2&Aine4 M%rt&l este @arele *i& al sat&l&iC
(ar l&2r&l a2esta l<a n2&Aiina i 'entr& alt2eAa 3 Le%nte )lra2&C ins&l 2are i gn(ea n&@ai
gn(&rile l&iC ne2%n*%r@ist&lC aAea @ai @< (e2t %ri2ine i &n s&bstrat an%ni@ i str@%es24
lC 2are a 2%b%rt @ere& la Kr(2iniLC Aa 2%b%r i a2&@4 C%b%are ri arina (e Aea2&riC
2%b%are n l&t&l Aeni2il%r 'rini 7
La (rea'taC n *aa biseri2iiC se sa' gr%a'aC aa 2&@ % lin bn&ial @ a(ia a(n2a%ri4
Gr%'ariiC re2&n%s<2@(&<@C tr (in gr%a'C s'rijinin(&<se 2<% @in (a
/>1
"rgineC N& @ai a& rOA
.
F i% s'at4 Ca s<@i a2%'r ,n%itiC i iltreb &n4 l&2r& i i*ereiit 3 2n( N
s%si a&t%b&D&l (e la "4#
.
3 H KAr treb&i s *ie a2i 7L rs'&n(e &n&l4 Ies (in 2i@itir n &lia
n%&C &n(e aAea s %'reas2 (e K(at a&t%b&D&lC a 2r&i a'r%'iere se a&Dea4 De &n(eAaC me
(&' % 2%tit&r lin a &lieiC se a&(e se@nal&lO2lax%nat4 A&t%b&D&l se arat Ae(erii4 Ate't
lng in(i2at%r&l (e O'rireC n @arginea &liei4
)rietenii (e la B&2&reti treb&ie s s%seas2CC 2Biar a2&@4 N& s&nt t%2@ai @&li 2ei (e la
B&2&retiC (ar n&@er%i 2ei (e la "ebe i (in @'rej&ri@iC (in satele i F2t&nele Ail%r4 La
"ebe s<a alt&rat a&t%b&D&l&i &n al (%ilea4 "e (a& j%s (in 'ri@&l a&t%b&D 2iAa (elegai
%*i2ialiC tri@ii ai Minister&l&i InA@t&l&iC Are% 2iAa 'r%*es%ri (e *il%D%*ie (in 2a'italC %
sea@ (e '&bli2itiC 2&n%s2&i 'e Are@&ri 2a *erAeni a(@irat%ri ai (e2e(at&l&i4 Mai (es2in( i
2iAa 're%iC 2a@ ne(&@iriiC tri@ii (e Mitr%'%lia (e la "ibi&C i 2are n& 'rea 'ar a se si@i n
a'ele l%r4 Din al (%ilea a&t%b&D 2%b%arC 2erniiC 'rietenii b&2&reiteniC inginer&l Ar%n
"tn2&les2&C 2& Mari%araC s%ia saC Mari&s B%rDa 2& 2%'iiiC i a'%i n @are n&@r (as2li4
"%ses2 i &nii %as'ei 'ara(%xaliC 2areC (&' 2&@ nii in s<@i s'&nC a& Aenit n s'erana (e
a @ Ae(ea 2& a2est 'rilej i 'e @ine4 Legt&ra strns 2e s<a *2&t t%t(ea&naC ntre Le%nte i
@ineC 2%ntin&4 ra&C a2eti %as'eiC rnnai (e si@@Nnt&l 2 n& '&tea@ s li'ses24 A2eti
2&ri%i se n&@r 'rintre 2itit%rii (in ti@'&rileC a'r%a'e 'atriarBale i i(ili2eC 2n( n ar
2&Ant&l Kge@enil%rL n2 n& era 'r%Bibit4 Oas'eiiC (e t%ate 2ateg%riileC A%r *i gD(&iiC &ne%ri
(e<a Aal@aC 'e la Aetrele rneti4
Cii@ %ra a@ieDii se a'r%'ieC @i 2%n(&2 'rietenii la @as 'e la r&(ele l&i Le%nte4 Alii A%r *i
inAitaii a(A%2at&l&i Gr&iaC la 'rinii a2est&ia4 N& li se @bie 2el%r 2e a& s%sit la ngr%'2i&ne
% @as n t%at legea4 @'rej&rrile %*er &n 'rilej (e jaleC @enit s taie '%*tele tr&'eii4 A'%i
tre2 2& inginer&l "tn2&les2& i 2& s%ia saC n 2asaC &n(e Da2e @%rt&l4 )rietenii @i 2er
a@n&nte 2& 'riAire la (e2es&l l&i Le%nteC 22i 2i n& A%r s (ea 2reDare &ril%r4 Din 2&rte se
A( ,'ile ,%ii4 Art 2& @na ntr<a2%l% 3 K!e(ei H A2%l% s<a nt@'lat7L
Gr&'&ri (e AiDitat%ri
ies4 )e "tn2&leti i n(r&@ 'e tre'tele (e 'iatrC s're n2'erea &n(e<i 2ata*al2&l4 M
@'%triAes2 s @ @ai
s%ses2 @ere&C intr n 2as i
@j >2 % dal din %r4 t (e 2%ntagi%asC 2e s=
'r%(&2e n *aa si2riel%r4 "&bt &n 'retext %arei2areC @
(es'rin( (in gr&' i<% ia& s're b&2trie4 Un (%rC 'lin (e
s&*erinC 2r&ia i ine is%n jalea &nani@C @ n(ea@n
s<b 2a&t n s*rit 'e (%a@na Ana4 O gses2C ntr<a(eArC
(ereti2n( 'rin b&2trie4 +re2e s&legetC 2a % s&Aei2aC
'rin t%ate iele inAiDibile ale Dilei4 )este *a i s<a ntins
un v&l (e %b%sealC (ar are &n aer 2alin4 Ob%seala ei
'are @ai @< a s&*let&l&iC (e2t a tr&'&l&i4 @i D@bete
@&l&@it 2 a@ Aenit4 C&@ H Cre(ea ea 2 a *i '&t&t
s li'ses2 H A2easta ar *i *%st %rgani2 2& ne'&tinC 22i
e& s&nt Kgea@n&lLC n2 Ai&4 legat 'rintr<% 'arte a *iinei
inele (e 2el 2e @&riseC i (e 2are Aa treb&iC 'este &n
2eas sa& (%&C s *i& CCanat%@i2L tiat4 Ne Aa (es'riC
&n 2&itC 2a'a2&lC 2e se Aa '&ne 'este 2%s2i&g&l (in
A2easta este i@aginea @aterialC 2e ar il&tri
s&*i2ient (e 'lasti2 legt&rile @ele (e<% AiaC 2& Le%nte4
a'r%'ii (e (%a@na Ana4 A@ '&tea s st@ (e A%rb
% 2li'C a'r%a'e n tainC 22i *e@eileC 2are se @ai nArt
2'ereC s&nt 're%2&'ate (e *r@ntarea i 2%a2erea
l%r4 C&'t%r&l @are i 2as2 g&raC in2an(es2entC
alt 2a't al b&2triei4 Al&at&l @'letit4F 2a % 2%si
< e '%triAit 2& n(e@nare 'e<% l%'at4 K)regtiri
INL4 ar&n2 e& &n 2&AntC 'e 2are n&@ai (%a@na
i i aAi(e i<l nelegeC Krar (e t%tC '%ate la s&te (e
UitC @%artea '%ate s *ie n&@it =a l&@ii @ireasO<4
(% '&te@ n&@i aa 7FS
O ran2a 'eF 2ale (e a bga l%'ata 2& 2%la2i n 2&'t%rC
legn( (es're 2e e A%rbaC i arat % ne@&l&@ire n
r 2& 2%a2erea 2%la2il%r 3 C4Mai (e@<T asta era %
a 'res2&rriei4 A2&@ n& @ai aAe@ 'res2&rriN
I elea "a*ta 2are se<ngrijea (e asteaC 'n @ai ieriC
iC s<% @&tat la %raC e<n 2@'&l @&n2iiC angajat
JeratiAa br&taril%rL4 D&' Are% 2teAa 2li'e (e
4ran2a i rs&2ete @ai (e'arte *ir&l gn(&ril%r 3
ii tia n& s&nt t%2@ai (&' 2erinele 'raAileiC
in @'rej&rri silni2e biseri2a e 2& ng(&in4 C2i
%teD&l &n&i 2%'il '%ate s *ie sArit la neA%ie (e &n
iin2i%s (e rn(C 2& arinC n l%2 (e a'L4 M a@este2C
I(C n A%rb 3 4CAa<iC leli%C astDi t%ate @erg 'e
liAe i 'e 2%le2tiAe4 & 2re( 2 astDi s<a& 2%le2tiAi<
F ra2iiC s&nt ns2rii t%i n 2%%'eratiAa B%@aril%rC
n( a& intrat n 2@'&l @&n2
/>:
[ i (ra2ii a& aj&ns 2
<&nit (%@%liC neA%ie @are 7L rMe Si&n'es2 e(erea a b&2trieC !rin ii %'tes23 CCD&rj
2ile @i a@intes2C al %i &n 2&Ant a Alba 2 Aii (e abia 5r&@%asei4 Dar iii Aenit (e ieri4
Dagl *i g3<it (est&le 'ri2ini s Ai& i e&4 M %rba4 A@ s te 'e(e'ses2 (%stin&in(
t&t&n ntarea 2e % A%i ine4 2&@ l<ai (&s 'e Le%nt*2 s&l 'n n 'r'astie 7L d@bei&l @e& (e
%@ 'ier( (r&@ (eF ArajaC ar treb&i s *ie s&*i2ient (%Aa2 a& (%ar s<% ta2BineD4 44D%a@ne 7L
ex2la@ At r'sti%s @ai eti +%ate l&2r&rile le AeDi aa 9 2i 9 HL CCAa 2&@<le Ae(ea i
Le%nteC s&b s'e^ r 7L i rs'&n(4
ist 2tAa ti@' 'rin 'reaj@a (%a@nei Ar j<i @i2rile grai%aseC4 a trans*%r@ i
air%s (e *in ars i (e al&at 2%'tC ntr
Sat (e gn( s ii %4 cuvtotare
#
L nirit Ana4 4 ii rs'&n(4
2li'e @ai a'%iC att 'rietenii s%sii (e Ia B 4 s%Oia i *ii2<@eaC intrC 2%b%rn( nite tre'te ^
3 (a& n b&2trie (intr<% n2'ere (%selni2 &
Iei4 i AinC 2a s @ ia la @asC la 'rinii a(A%2at &ia4 La (re't A%rbin( a r@ne @ai b&2&r%s
n b&2 iele @ gses24 Dar n<a@ n2%tr%4 +reb&ie s *rn itat<4 2& t%ate 2 n %2Bii (%a@nei
Ana gBi2es2 2 C<4 r%stit (%ar 2& l&@inileC (in %2Bi4 "%ia ea S @ina 2& % A(it ex'resie (e
si@'atie 3 C# (at 'e la n%iC (%a@n ,are 7L ste n glas&l s% @el2 ea &n re'r%
'rietenes24 C4"&nt % *e@eie 2a@ slbati2C ('a@n Creang FL se s2&D 2& &n s&rs AnaC CCn&
@ i (e2t b&r&ienile Aenin%aseL4 Al&Dia se re/erea la
(e ea24
ai( (in b&2trie 2& gr&'&l 'rietenil%r 2a sN n% 2e@ la @asC Mari%ara "tn2&les2& @
ntreab 3 &
<
2ine e @in&ni2a asta HL CC"%ia 'r%*es%r&l&i ,are i rs'&n( 'e<i@ t%n '&r
in*%r@atiA4 Ki 7 A nat&rali<MM l&i (% la Iai HL CCDaC 2Biar a a2el&ia4 i el 'e<al i@b 'rin
satC ia ate'tarea in@%r@niriiL4 MCole
ib 2& &n D@bet seni/icativ
">/
Maii%araC n(r2'tn(&<se 2tre s%&l ei4 9 Bn&ies2C s
aa
a@ 2liir4r 2ertit&(ineaC 2 Mari%ara se
gtn(eJte n 2li'CC a2easta la s2enaC ane2(%ti2 n a'arenC 'etre2&t ntnT 2( (%i st&(eniC
,are i "tn2&les2&C 'e Aie@&ri4 D<Cs'4 J s2ena a2eea Mari%ara l&ase Aeste 2n(Aa (e la s%&l
2iC 2are '%Aestete 2& @< BaD ntrn'area4 2e 2ara2teriDeae4j aiit (e 'lasti2 (etaarea (e
2%n(iiile 2%li(iane a &ni intele2t&al 're%2&'at 'n la extaD (e l&@ea *i(&nil%s @R^J<@rtiee4
44Ai AD&t HL Di2e Mari%ara4 ,Bi%ntin(&<
r
^ s%l&l< ai AD&t 2e neAast i gsi ai&rit&l HLF
Ce e@%nia n@%r@ntrii e *ixat 'entr& %ra : (i
La a2este 'se&(%<*&neralii Knai%naleFF Aa asist4<i @ai Art%s l&@ea l%2al4 ,isi'ii 'rin
@&li@eC &no &ri 2%@'a2teC ne gsir@C s're a *i (e *aC I %4 sea@ (e 2&n%s2&iC (ar i atia
ne2i i @<e 'ri n 'lin iarnC (&' 2
i &n(e @%rt&lC 2& lata seAer<s2nirrC e& *r&ntI a
r
ntins n si2ri&l s&C n& @ai este #%2
ni2i s
4. 'entr& % r&g2i&ne4 Ogra(a @areC l
s&ri nesate (e @<a rni@eC si@'l i 2&Aiin2i%s i. ) it& sat&l&i %rn(&iete la
r%'eDeal 2erenbnlaC s
s&@ate in(i2aii rit&al<'r%lesi%nale 2& *eele *2^ j tri@ise (e la @itr%'%lie4 Iat 2 a'ar
t%ate I
tiC n %rnatele 2ere@%niale4 "l&jba n2e'e4 C%r&l sat&l&i (irijat (e<&n ( &ns&rileC a@este2n(
rnete litania 2& (%in4 Ni a@ gsit l%2 n %(aia @%rt&arC sta& ntr<% n<A4 &riC la s'atele
(%a@nei Ana4 a asist @br2at i vi. "i@ea@ neA%ia s *i& n a'r%'ierea ei4 n atV Ii
s&@br at@%s*erC 'lin (e *&@ (e 2(elnie ea este 2a % ntr&'are (e l&@in4 De abia n2e'e
sl&jbaC 2n( re@ar2 i'4e t%i 2ei 2e se gses2 n n2'ere a& 'riAiii S n(re'tate s're (%a@na
Ana4
Litaniile tre2 'rin s&*let&l @e& 2a &n ANnt 'este
4 sttt%are4 L&ntri2 @ 2&'rin(e &n 2al@ reateI <
tatC ntrees&t 2& % s&*erin s&r(C egaG erina
&Me @ a'r (e (&reri @ai @ari4 2e bat la '%rtMFF
.
<
7
i4 "&nt a'rat ntr&2NtAa 2a i j^ r&l (e 'r%'ria<i
4 43i @%2ni t%ar ea s&*erin @i<a@ *2&t &n C
/>E
F Rt 2&
*
RI<IL8a 'e @i@ 2ere@%nia HF3F!# (e 2ri @ai FCi (intre 2 5ii a.e
r
I (e *2@4iC I4&
@ las I @i&iF sl&jbaC (in Ara2&ri 2al2
.
3 4 #/ *n t%t 'lns&lC * 2a % sln2F!# ^ 3 a 42 n
Ar* (e gean4 Ia& seO@a 2Li i i, n<tHiinrF&<F<i s&*erina4 N& s&nt alt (% UnT< & II ntea r n&
@ai l&2reDe4 La &n @%@ent (4it iUa6iiiF4 P F Lar@4 Int%rAi4ie % 'a&D4 "e tre2e la (is2&rs&3 i4=4
M
Un&l (intre tri@iii (e la @itr%'%lie i s2%OtiL
.
r
.
O s&bt Ae@til&l rit&alC (in b&D&nar&l BaineiC
nite *il%4 nelegC 4<J n&@ele biseri2ii Aa A%rbi &n 'r%*es%r (e te%rieC 2eea 2e 'entr& 2ineAa
2are 2&n%ateC 2a &in2C &nMe ante aT<Cc->s, 'r%@ite s (eAin 'al'itant4 O@&l C4i '&ri*i2
glas&l (e Dg&ia reDistent a r2elil%r seD%niere4 C%l 2e se 'regtete (e<% 2&Antare este
'r%*es%r&l 2areC @ai vevn a'te aniC a '&bli2at n ti@'&l rDb%i&l&iC &n A%l&@ (% 2%nsi(eraii
te%l%gi2e as&'ra *l%H%*iei l&i L2%nle )trO&C "i@t 2&ri%s (e eA%l&ia te%l%g&l&iC 2areC n
ti@'&l 2 F -). (e<al (%ilea rDb%i @%n(ialC i ex'&neaC n t%@&i J (i@ensi&ni s2%lasti2eC
'rerea 2 ist%ria %@enirii r^ n slritC s're *eri2irea nea@&ril%rC la *%r@e (e Z te%2rati24 M
intrig (in 2ale a*ar s A( 2&@ % n I% s<% s2al( a'rig&l te%l%gC a2&@ s&bt regi@&l (e tli2tii
t 2%@&nistC 22<i '&ne te@ei&rile 'e @eleag&rile n%rOliXM 'rin t%ate @ijl%a2ele i@aginabile
ale ter%arei4 Ort%(%xiaC '%rnin( (e la a(agi&l a'%st%li2 2 %ri2e st'nire esle 2F% I% D%@n&lC a
2a@ 2D&t la 2%@'r%@is&ri n <i@a vcevrd+ )r%*es%r&l (e te%l%gie Aa A%rbi (e2i (es're
LO%4ite )&tra2&4 @i a@intes2 2C 'e Are@&riC a2est te%l%g a '<e(entat *il%D%*ia l&i Le%nte 2a
% 'ri@ej(ie nai%nala4 @i a@int%e2 2 te%l%g&l n2er2a s (en&ne % 2arte a l&t L%%nt%C
eti2B2tn(<% (re't 4Cb%leAi2L4 n 'lin (i2tat&r 2leri2alC *il%D%*ia l&i L2%nle )tra2& era
s%2%tit 2a e32'r2sie a &nei regretabile (e2(eri @%rale4 -i a2&@ 2e<@i a&( &re2Bile H n
(is2&rs&l s&C te%l%g&l l 'reDint 'e Le%nte )tra2& 2a 'e 2el @ai (e sea@ gn(it%r al
nea@&l&i iC *%arte 2i&(atC 2a 'e &n *n(it%rC 2are ar *i rC
!i
@as n esen &n *i& al %it%(%xiei4
+#%a@ne 7 2&@ s<a& (ai t%ata 'este 2a' 7 @i s'&nC n %a't l&ntri2iC 2e a@enin * sa
trans*%r@a n %a't (e a&DitC a b&Del%r4 Ce I+a n *%n( K(e2(erea @%ralL a l&i Le%nteC
(e&OFe Ci4re A%rbea %(ini%ar te%l%g&lC erijn(&<se n j&(e2Nl%L H+
/>>
0d
Ua'tel%r s'irit&ale H A2&Da (e K(e2(ere @%rnlLC 2%<jj era a(F&sN l&i Le%nteC se re*erea 'e
Are@&riC n *%n(C G
a
nee%n*%r@is@&l gn(irii *il%D%*i2e a a2est&ia4 Le%n& )tra2& as'ira
s're % @are AiDi&ne as&'ra l&@iiC s'r^ AiDi&ne 'ers%nalC liberC 2reat%are4 O ase@enea
libertate 2reat%areC neleas (e Le%nte ea % 're@is a s'Bit&<l&i4 n& 2%nAenea Biseri2iiC 2areC
ntr<% *aD (e re2r&(es2en e*e@er i l%2al a 2leri2alis@&l&iC ate'ta (e Ia %ri2e *i& al eiC s
gn(eas2 Dnc % (ata i n2 % (at 2eea 2e Biseri2a a gn(it 'n la 2a't i 'n la ist%AireC
n2 (e a2&@ % @ie (e ani 7 DarC (&' 'rerea l&i Le%nte4 % ase@enea btaie 'e l%2 n& '&tea i
n& '%ate aAea ni2i % legt&r 2& @enirea *il%D%*iei4 )strn( % an&@4<a(@iraieC (ar i attea
reDerAeC *a (e AiDi&nea 2retina Le%nte (a i &n Aer(i2tC as&'ra 2r&ia ni2i%(at n<a @ai lit 3
a2east @eta*iDi2 este (e'it 7 Din a(@iraia H i (in a2east i&bit%are reDerAC 'e 2are
*il%D%*ia # a @ani*estat *a (e Ort%(%xieC te%l%g&l trgea<HF S . n2BeiereaC la 2ate(rC
2 Le%nte )tra2& ar *i UK eAi2L I 'entr& 2a a2&@C n (is2&rs&l s&C s s'&n e6 Le%nte
)tra2& ar *i r@as &n *i& 2re(in2i%s aC i%xiei4 +e%l%g&l gn(ete i a're2iaD 2a@
'%ate s as2 i s a're2ieDe &n te%l(g 3 int%lerant i (%g<i24C4 )entr& 'r%*es%r&l (e te%l%gieC
gn(it%r&l Le%nte n& '&tea s *ieC n tre2&tC (e2t &n Kb%leAi2FC 2&@C (&' @%arteC i n
2%n(iii n%iC a2elai gn(it%r n& B *ie (e2t &n K(re't<2re(in2i%sL4 D&' a2east itaAe (e 'e
'%Diii te%l%gi2eC @ai &r@eaD i
ci, 'rintre 2are Are(ni2 (e a@intitC 2el '&in n4 i n(&riC r@ne al (elegat&l&i %*i2ial al Minc4t*
nA@Nnt&l&i4 De ani (e Dile4 (e 2n( (%2trina (e inAaDieC i<leninist<stalinistC a (es*iinat
n ara n%astr4 *a n j&gC %ri2e libertate (e gn(ireCF *il%D%*ia l&i nte )tra2& a *%st 'reDentatC
n t%ate '&bli2aiileC i n st&(iile 2e se %2&' (e eA%l&ia gn(irii r%@NnetiC % *il%D%*ie
Krea2i%narL i K2leri2alL4 A2&@C n &rs&l (elegat&l&i %*i2ialC *il%D%*ia l&i Le%nte
)tram2i4i e a're2iatMC n 2Bi' 2& t%t&l neate'tatC 2a % *il%D%*ie K'r%gresistL i KaBti2leri2alL4
C&@ s<a '&t&t 2a % *il%D%*ieC 2are s&sine 2 @eta*iDi2a 2retin e (e'itC s 'ar 2&iAaC 'n
a(n2a%riC (re't K2leri2alL H N&@ai 2a'ete 2& l%t&l %bt&De '&tea& s a're2ieDe ast*el4 ste
ns K'A%gre<sistL *il%D%*ia #&i Le%nteC n sens&l 'e 2are %*i2ialii
/>Y
Sn&7@ ii
*%4L F%D%*ia
^Z^ r2ieri 2 (l*
fJ
&n *el anF
alterna A
a& %bi2ei&lC j
(irea l&iC L^ eseniale sa& n A're2ierile 3 Kb%leAi2L Sri2alL sa& K'r\gte<
stUl FC
Te i4 A %l%
r
J ite
i in2a'abili (e a 2&'r in Are&n&i (in as'e2 ini 2@ ine*abilele %i n&an CC*i& 2re(in2i%s al
Ort%(%xiei
'f s&ni a're2ieri (e 'e '%Diii la@entabil (e "i@'liste C %FFste a'ret<ieii se a@este2 (e
*ie2are (at @< 3NC (ar (in '2ate ni2i &n *el (e s'irit 2& a(eArat jc24 n a2este 2&Antri se
n2r&2ieaD s'a(e r&ginite l&a @%rtC 2ar% as2<C 'ar2aC Di@bin( Un(e er i 6ena (e
atit&(ine a 2el%r (%i %iat%ri H Halal (e 2@tiin i 2inste 'r%*esi%nalFV F n atta A2Tr=i<i 'rin
attea s2Bi@bri (e i(ineC sing&ta
a lai Le%nte a r@as a2eeai i
.
ti@' 2e %rat%rii j%ngleaD n i ien_a 2Bi' L F L#2ierlleC 2%ntra(i2t%riiC (ar @ere& Kn
abs%l&tLC ' 2e ei se (a& 'este 2a'C *2n( r%ata igane (rc j&r&l &n&i 2ata*al2C @i s'&n 3
2e s @ai n2l sti %a@eni (in nt@'lrile 2e s<a& reD%lAat 'rin &lU M t a gn(it%r&l&i H
5&neraliile 'se&(C'<nai%nale @i @ai 'rilej&ies2 i %
i @Bnire4 Un tnr A%rbete i n n&@ele st&(enil%r
la 2ele trei &niAersiti (in ar4 Din *raDele &%areC
al&neleC 2& 2are s<ar j&2a nite AeAerieC gBi2etiF2 a2est
/ret n& a l&at ni2i%(at 2%nta2t 2& Are% 2arte (e<a l&i
ante )tra2&4 "e r%stes2 A%rbe *r (e ni2i % se@ni*i<
Cie4 A& *%st s&*i2ieni (e2i Are% a'te aniC 2a s'irit&l l&i
%nte )tra2& s (is'ar 2& t%t&l (in 2%ntiina #ineret&<
JC A2est reD<at s<a %bin&t n 2Bi'&l 2el @ai si@'l& <4
'rin nlt&rarea siste@ati2a a 2ril%r l&i Le%nte (in
t%ate bibli%te2ileC 'rin 'reDentarea stl2it a *il%D%*iei
saleC 'rin insta&rarea n nA@nt a &nei 'ers'e2tiAe n
la@ina 2reia t%ate 2%n2e'tele *&n(a@entale ale *il%D%*iei
aAea& s n(&re % 2ri@inal (es*ig&rare4 A2easta este
'entr& @ine 2ea @ai jalni2 2%nstatare (in 2te a@ aA&t
i @ai a@ 'rilej&l (e a *a2e (e la :/ A&g&st .0EE n2%O
Din ni2i&na (intre 2&Antri n& se (es'rin(e ser@ 2aii 2elei (in &r@a *a'te a l&i Le%nteC
Di@'%triA4 "t
*a'tei a'are ne(e@n (e*%r@at4 Ca la &n 2%nse@nC %a@enii (% %ri2e %brje i la %ri2e niAel
intele2t&alC A%rbes2 (es're % nen%r%2ireC (es're &n Ka22i(entL4 )l&tete n aer 2a % s*ial
@agi2 (e a "G r%sti 2&Aiit&l '&s s&bt %'reliteC 2a i *a'ta nsi4 ti2a 2&rentC 2ea (e ieri4 i
2ea (e astDiC n& '%ate<s asi@ileDe n%r@el%r sal% 2%nAeni%nale &n ase@enea a2t4 !%r tre2e
n2 (e2ernV sa& Aea2&ri 'n 2n( %a@enii se A%r re(%bn(i 'e ej niiC 'e &n alt '%(iC 2a s
*a2 n s*rit % j&st (is%2iere intre er%is@&l s'irit&al i %ri2e @%ral 2%n*%r@ist4
D&' ir42Beierea 2ere@%nieiC alai&l '%rnete ntr<&n
se i rit&al s're 2i@itir4 Un st%l (e ArbiiC 2an
(a& &%r n n&ane alb&riiC i n& s&nt a*&@ata 'te2&@
2ele (e la %raC ne atea't 'e Di(&lC 2e @'rej@&ia
i 'e '%arta (e la intrare4 Cn( alai&l se a*rtr%'i4%4
st%l&l Db%arC (intr<% (atC g&re (in 2ale a*arC 'eti
'ierin( n Dare4 &n Db%r nAeselit%rC ntr<i@
'ar2 ar il&stra (es'rin(erea s&*letel%rC (e 'r%nt4
t%tal se *a2e n&@ai n 2li'a 2%b%rrii n @%rinnt4
C4 4 Z A b&lgril%r 'este 2%s2i&g&lC lsat in a(n2C la
S L F reC a'%i t%t @ai s&r(C (&r4i( 'n a
e gr%a'a (e 'a@FntC i 'n 2e se 2l(ete %bin&i<
J Z este nt& 2nte2 2& a(eArat rit&al al a2eI C
4 -i a2est 2nte2 n& *a2e (e2it s re'ete 'e al I 4 2are e& trei Dile @ai nainte ns%ir
2(erea l&i
L 44rana '@nt&l&iL4 De lng @%r@iit se A( n
2%'a2iC 'este 2rng&riC ,'le ,%ii4 N&@ai(e2t (&' n2Beierea sl&jbei (eF nni%r@ntare4 iiC
'&stiii (e litaniile (eert2i&nil%r '@ni^ ti4 T33FS 2C 're2&@ a& Aenit4 A&t%b&Dele
atea'tC n irC 'e t4 laC 2e tre2e 'rin *aa biseri2ii4
L4ai 2ei 2iAa 'rieteni i Are% 2iAa st&(eni l%2al<3 Kintele2t&aliiL (in satC neF na'%ie@
n 2asaC (in
U J %r @ai nainte 2%2i&g&l4 Merge@ n2et
2 Oi (e 'l&@b4 !%@ l&a 'arte la e'il%g&l 2ere@%niei4
J@anaC %*erit 2&@n larg (in 'artea r&( ve @%tenirea l&i Le%nt24 n
tr=i L44444<4Mii<i iale @%rt&l&iC 'e (r&@&l 2 I nse eraC 'nn n2'erile 2aMeiC
@ese (e
G 2& *ee (e 2ne'4 Lit (in
/>/
.
Iinilir4 n& 'rea 2a(e U
Iei s sH
Intr@ n 2as4 +%t&l i S%C 2a (&' % is'r @ai Art% raniC s&ie C (a& inj S 6
een(i
3 )% @2<se s&nt rn(&ie 2ele ale ' &l2ele (e l&t arsC 'ne i AinC (i i (ar&ri 'entr& 're%iiC 2te<&n nj 2t2<%
l&@inare nen22'rlC ^ ii (in Ae2intate a(&2 g&stri i2& ,%(i2a i IleanaC *a2 'e gaOH se aU .'( la @ese4 +%n&l (e
(es l ( i& n 2Bi'&l42el @ai *ires2 r iit (in 2asC s n& 'rin( r(2ini4
ti"
"
-_ &r
i
in( O?
a ti<F
'rin2i'ale
iC
4ae
2& 3 6
4 &i ,=
'
ritC '%ale
+
i
t Ana4 In
ner&lC
sl%*2&G
La % @asC ntrC<&n 2%l al n2'erii @C n2 (e la ?n2e'&tC 'ere2Be iri%araC (%a@na Marga
M&rean&4 ' 4 Mari&s 2& s%ia l&iC D%ra4 "<a n
3
@ %stentatiAC s sta& (e<a (rea'ta (^ @ea
Mari%ara "tn2&les2&C lng ea ii N& 2a(e 2&Ant (es're @'rej&rrileC n 2are sRa * " *i@
@'re&n4 +rageC *ie2areC s'&D 'este jar&l r2i&niiC 2e @%2nete n a(n24
&C 2& t%ate 2 @ai interAinC (in 2n( n 2n( n !2rsaieC 2a( n t2erile @ele4 Ur@res2
ns nsF<i *eele (in 'reaj@4 ?@i rein l&area a@inte " S 2ei (in *aa @ea 3 'ere2Bea
"tn2&les2&4 N&<i4@al AD&<sein (in 'ri@Aara an&l&i EYC (e la *er@a l&i Mari&s4 Da 7 M &it4
Cei 'atr& ani a& tre2&t 'este *eele l%r 9 '&stiit%r4 A& (is'r&t 2& t%t&l attea (in 2ele (e altL
(aiI4 Un(e este Ai%i2i&nea Mari%arei H Un(e este a2eeaC 2are t%t&i a *%st 7 D%ar a2&@ 'atr&
ani 7 n l%2&l te@'era@ent&l&i nestAilit (e alt (atC st n *aa @ea &n s&*let (eAastat4
)ar2 este alt *iin Mari%ara 7 Dar =stD n& ne @ai @ir ni@i24 N<a &@blat %are i eaC
n tWsti@'C 2a atia (in 2ei (e astDiC 'rin n2Bis%ri H A &@blat 7 a n<a li'sit (intr& ale eiC
(e2t &n an4 A 'at n2 &%rC (a2 se ia sea@a la 2eea 2e a& 'it al7iiC j#B*tre a& intrat 'rin E>
i n<a& @ai ieit 'n astDi 7 Ast*elC n 2aD&l Mari%areiC s2Bi@barea K*iineiL n& se (a<t%rete
n2Bis%rii 2a atareC 'riAai&nil%r i rig%ril%r
Mari%ara s<a trans*%r@at @ai 2&rn( 'rintr<&n *el
">0
(e reai i iC *a (t 2a nsi4 !i%i2i&nea (e
a n2&r2<% ntr<% a*a2ereC n 2are n<ar *i treb&it sIj lat4 M &ii la ea i<@i '%Aestes2
sing&rC n . reC I4S @'lareaC Un n2n%i%2 st&'i( a a(&s<% n nA rai ea (e a 2(ea Ai2tirn
&n&i agent 'r%A%2at%s lista n E84 5&sese inAitat la 2eaiC la % 2&2%an tarT rC Arst U&n
K2eaiLC 'e 2are a@ %bi2ei&l s<l n&@esi *iAe ( 2lb2c la "*nta !ineriV4 A2%l% Mari%ara se
ntina GII A%rb e& &n inginerC '% 2are ea at&n2i i Ae(ea nti% %ar4 Inginer&l 2&2eri
n2re(erea Mari%arei 2& 2teA4& 2%@'li@ente4 l i (estin&ie 2 inteni%neaD s eAa(eD^
'i ste 2teAa Dile n strintateC 2& &n aAi%nC 2e i<ar sta la (is'%DiieC i<% ntreab (a2 n&
2&@Aa ea are 2&n%s2&iC 2are ar (%ri s 'le2e i eiC 22i n aAi%n ar @ai *i %^ n2 'entr&
nis2aiAa De2e 'ers%ane 7 Mari%ara sriC 2a uu *istreC la @%@eala a&rie F(in &n(i4 +re2n<(
'este @N<U#<ile (e 'r&(en i (e AigilenC 'e 2are 2alitatea 2 t%t&l s&'eri%ar a inteligenii i
le<ar *i (i2tatC Mari%aj4 2a(e n 2a'2an4 n2 a (%&a Di Mari%ara lanseaD Aesti J4C
@b&2&rt%are i salAat%are 'rintre 2iAa *%ti %a@er44 '&liti2iF(e 'ri@ 'lan (in arC 'e 2are
se2&ritatea n2e'ea t%2@ai at&n2i s<i *ileDe i s<i in s&bt %bserAaiM4 Cei 2iAa %a@eni
'%liti2iC e&n%sen(<% 'e Mari2jara 2a 'e s%an (e%sebit (e inteligent i a'rig Krea2i%nar Z
Ia rn2l&i l%rC i ei n 2a'2an4 i se B%trs2 s Mari%ara j&2a n a2east a*a2ere r`l& (e
@ijl%2<4 ea neaAn( 2t&i (e '&in intenia (e a 'le2a4 La *ixat 'entr& Db%r&l 'este B%tareC 2ei
Are% z_
3
'%liti2i a& *%st 2a't&rai (e agenii se2&ritiiC 2BiaI 2n( s%sea& la aAi%n4 A &r@at &n
'r%2es @%43 r.?l. 5r&ntaii Aieii '%liti2e ai e'%2ii aAea& M 4 taninai la n2Bis%areC 'e aniC
'e De2i (e aniC s Cei (%i "tn2&leti i<a& 'ri@it i ei 'e(ea'sa < <@ 9 *iin(2 a& K@ijl%2itL
n2er2area (e eAa<N& 'e(ea'sa 4a2easta a *%st ns 2eea 2e a s2Bcr<I
n 2&rs i n n'astC (at%rit i@'r&(enei i
taii ei ent&Diaste4 A2este s&*erine @%rale a& @<
I
lit<% 'e Mari%ara n s2&rt ti@'C (es*iinn( 'n4j
Marini @in&nat&l ei te@'era@ent (e alt(at4 La
@btrnit i s%&l eiC 2are a 2ac&iat 2& t%t *el&l Cv
1'1 S n AiaC n&@ai 2& a2esta n&4
;LD1
X O A<tMbOKT2M F&A^4%&in 2M iA%t #iiO2t F<$CCl L& CI IJM
i &n rsti@'C 'n n str&2t&ra *iriiC 'e Mar7 i*erinee @%rale4 )ers%naliti (e 'ri@&l 'lan s<Ir
+%t n *aa @eaC @ai 2tre 2a't&l @eseiC st 'r%*^R r&l ,are4 -i el inAit %are2&@ la &n
exa@en *iDi%n%<i24 N& @ '%t @ira n(eaj&ns (e n*iarea l&i 7 are Wa &n&i a(%les2entC CX?
t%ate 2 @'linete 'atr& (e aniC i @ai bine4 "tne&letii s&nt @btrniiC *a =je irsta l%r
realC 2& Are% (%&De2i (e ani4 D%@n&l ,areC ^(<a 'strat (e<a l&ng&l (e2eniil%r sale % *a
(e bar7 n2 n& (e t%t @'linit4 -ti& 2 2%legi (e 2%al (e<ai l&i
M l s%2%tea& n a(%les2en &n geni& @ate@ati24 ,are4O n&6 %i<a (eDA%ltat ns
ex2e'i%nalele a'tit&(ini4 La % (%rin 'rinteas2C 2& t%t&l ana'%(aC el i<a s&s'en(atC '&r i
si@'l&C A%2aia 3 *r 'r%testC (intr<&n s%i (e 2%@'lex *ilialC 2e<l *2ea s a22e'te a&t%@at
%ri2e B%trre 'atern4 )rin s&s'en(area A%2aiei @ate@ati2e la Arsta (e .; aniC ,are a
KratatL4 C2i s&22esele sal& n se2t%r&l nat&ralistC (ei aAea& s<l (&2 'n la % bine@eritat
2elebritateC n& A%r '&tea s 2%@'enseDe '%sibilitiUM sale geniale n (%@eni&l @ate@ati24
Ne(eDA%ltn(&<se '
t
J linia A%2aiei sale intele2t&aleC nte@eiat 'e<% str&2t&rC ,are n& s<a
@ai (eDA%ltat ni2i *iDi24 n*iarea a(%les2entinAn& e (e2t se@n&l exteri%rC 2 ,are i<a
%'rit sing&r @at&riDarea 'e<% linie 2e<i era @enit 'rin
2are4 n2er2 % senDaie 2i&(at ase@nn(4 &n&l 2& alt&lC 'e a2eti %a@eni (in 'reaj@a @ea 3
"tn2&c
M nibF rniiC (at%rit nt@'lril%r (e 2are a& *%st 2&'riniC @< nainte (e Are@eC i
'r%*es%r&l ,areC %@ (e
eai ArstC 2a i ntiiC 2are a r@as &n a(%les2 (in 'ri2ina &nei A%2aii s&s'en(ate4
F La @esele '%@enii se nteete Aeselia4 Ast*el rea2i%n@ 2& t%ii @'%triAa &nei n2%r(ri
(e'resiAeC 'e t . a a22ent&at<% 'n la s*r@area 2%ar(el%r s&iV i4 Litaniile (e jaleC n 2are
.
se
r%stete (eert2i&3 niiC @ai s&n n &re2BiC (ar le a2%'ere AeseliaC (eDL4
7 n&@ai (&' % lege a *iriiC 2i i (&' % lege a I%<ii i a se@iniei (e batin4 Ca s se integreDe
n f s2lieC inginer&l "tn2&les2& '%Aestete nt@'lri BaDlii (in Aiaa (e li2e& (e alt(at4
A@intirile s&nt treDii * n el i (eFa2east ntlnire neate'tat 2& 'r%*es%r&l ,areC
a(%les2ent&l 'er@anentiDatC 2are as2< 'la2i( gl&@ele 2& iD (e 2%al4
'
xa@inn( *iDi%n%@ii i is2%(in( (estineC &r@rin( a@intiri 'resrate 2& gl&@eC @ las
'&rtat (e<&n si@<@int (e @irare4 M &it la 'r%*il&l (%a@nei AnaC *in 0i
n *iina (e ling @ine @in&nate =#ar&riC S Fa *a2e 'e alii s se @'lineas2C bare ee *a2e 2
Ana a e&at t%2@ai n 2aD&l s%&l&i ei H <na Ana si@te 2 % 'riAes2 (intr<% 'arte4 "e iitoWI
3
< Z . a %'tete 3 K,es'ir &&rat 2 n& ai
la @%r@ntL4 ,s'&n(C t%t n %H 3iin(&<@& '&in (e eaC n2t n& '%t *i a&Dit (e<(e Ia @as 3
K@i @enin t%t&i a2&Da4 )e I <(&s 2& *r&@%s&l 'n n 'r'astie 7 N<ai Area " i alt%ra (estin&l
'e 2are i l<a& 'ier(&t HL Un A UQe *r&@&see i (e r%a nAlete n %brajii Ana4
\6
Gerar&l 'lin (e n@ei i (e Ais2%leC @artie 2e ta<n "CO" 2a' (e (e(eel (in 'nintC a(i2
l&nile (in &r@ ale
iiC se s2&rgea& negrit (e n2et4 An%ti@'&l era 'l&@b& <i @%n%t%n i 'ar2 n& @ai aAea ni2i
% 2a(eni i%ar4 ,&l @e& s&*letes2 se *2ea t%t @ai aneA%ie > (e n(&ratC 2& t%ate 2 'ar2 n
2&rs&l s't@Nnil%r se 2
igea t%t&i n2et&l 2& n2et&l4 ,&l s&*letes2 2%b%ra ins n s&b<2&getC n2t stingerea nsi era
ne2&r@at It%are4 Da2 *irea 'r%te2t%are n& s<ar *i ngrijit s @ a'ere (e n2er2rile a2est&i
r&C @&ln(&<@ ntr<&n *`l (e s%@n%lenC n<a @ai *i '&t&t s ies (in starea n 2are @
@'%t@%lise@4 nt@'lrile (e Ia Ban&l br%(ni2l<l%r i (in C@'&l 5r&@%aseiC @ere& 'reDente
O'rin Ujartea ini@iiC @ ns%ea&C n& s&bt *%r@ (e i@agini i tl2&rC 2i 2a % stare 2%n*&D a
*iinei3 "%@n&l @e& (e n%a'teOn i @'letit 2& % treDie nerA%asC iar treDia (e Di era @ai @< %
ln2eOeal s%@n%lentC (in 2are 2&get&l 2lar se alegea n&@ai rare%ri4 O @%n%t%nie 2r%ni2
aAea s<@i 2%tr%'eas2C 2& 2eaa ei 'l&@b&rieC t%at *iina4 -i era 2a &n i *2&t 3 ni2i % iarn a
Aieii @ele n<a *%st att (e 'lin (e > 2erbi 2a a2easta4 d'eDile 2e a2%'erea& 'lat%&l (e 2tre
@&niC 2e<l Ae(ea@ &ne%ri (e 'e terasa nalt (e b
/Y:
<A< L4 iiL
.
eiAK F L3<44<FtF (tT sl%l&i i (e 2%rbiC al 2ir%r *ati(i2 2i %r2 t n& rr4&i iF4Fara 2a@ s<l
tl@2es2 3 2a &n e2%& ci 2el%r tre2<te "&4& 2a % neagr 'reAestireF a Dilei (e n4lne4 )riAelitea
2e<% '&tea@ 2&'rin(e (e 'e terasC Aalea M&re&l&i 2& Ban&l 'rsit 2%l% n DareC i 2& % linie
*erat 'e 2are 2ir2&la& tren&ri (2<% n*iareF @iDeraC * ase (e l%2%@%tiAe 'ri@itiAeC 2e<i
*l&ier n (iale2t '<%Ain2i4il (e alt(at (eD%lai 2a 'este a2est 'eisajC e 'iFi*lFii2 (%ar
(e%tiAaiarii s&*leteti4 -i a *i 2IMit (eFsig&r '4 -/v 3 (estr@riiC (a2 &n ar&@2 %rar 2aD%nC
%bllgn( 'e 22tai2an la se@nt&ri i 'ara* ntr<% 2%n(i2 (e 'reDenC i, i @<ar *i @enFO&t n
2Bi' @e2ani2 (eas&'ra Ht@'lr<h-v Ai
a
Artej& #%rC n 2are era@ a@eninat s @ 2&*&n(4 -i
era@ iaii 44sing&r
.
F4 "ing&rC '&rtn( n @ine &n t%' @ai gre& al sngel&i @e&4 Obin&inele
2%ti(ian<HC net&l ling&iiei n 2ea2a 2& s&r%gat (e 2r*%aC 'aii anrai 'e 2al(ar@ (in %gra(
'n la Bi
K
M<%ieea 2L i :tate i na'%iC *a'tele *r strl&2ire ale JIZ#4 s2Bi@bai i C 'reri n
2a(r&l *a@ilieiC n& iDb&tea& s rii t J&lg (i6i T 4<ea&a ^O
e
'ainjenC 'lin (e @&s2&lie s& A
Oi &s2atLC % &<sitei4 A@ intrat ntr<&n CCti@'L an2Z $1) $ s4 2e i4 t i n& @ai aib 2a't4 Ni2i
Ana ,ar2C @iAii 2a a'
t
r& nini a'reaC 2a @ai (e @<C la %ra ti&iZC 64%t&i2 li @inC la
n2r&2iare (e &lii4 De alt* jl F L n& ti i2es& n AisC t%ate (&2ea& n&@ai n C4t + r?v9. ,,
' Li2a (e err'C ir4i'li2@( Aer(eaC b&2 M Hbe3 r I2rAeC i<a (egra(atC 2a ni2i%(at F
&Z ser 2 ai# CC2@'&l @&n2iiLC &n sin%ni@ al r CiFii4 r%nLn( @aterialis@&l ist%rF
&4 a (%2trineiC 2e<i re2r&ta a(e'ij ' t%t&l&i a@eninai 2 A%r *i (eDbr2ai ^ n&<i A%r
@ani*esta n 2Bi' s'%ntan ei4 ii
LLageril%r 2& 2are s&nt n(%'ai la 2&rs&i C i
n(&<@i 'rin 2&get te%ria %*i2ial a I jr istFT
A
Fn&@ite 2%@&n 'ri@itiAC
s2laAagis@C *t& S is@C 2a4 I@ i s%2ialis@C arta@ ntr<% Di a(A%2at&l&i Gr&ia .C % stra(C 2e
'&ea a latrinC 2are este sit&aia r %n2ret 3 K"<ar 'rea 2 A%@ iei n 2ir a( i t na
'ri@itiA4 !%@ intraC (a2 se ia s2Nrna a t=P
t
A t ti%C n *aDa s2laAagist a s%2ialis@&l&i4
A2estei *aOt s2laAagiste &r@eaD s<i 'reAe(e@ % (&ii<tN (e 2t2A% @ii (e aniC '%triAit
(&ratel%r *ireti ale *ar%4F%r ist%ri2%LF4 +BA4'&i s&@br&C 2e ne 'tr&n(ea 'rin t%i '&IiiC 2&tiJO<
/Y/
s&*%2ri( %rc<e 'l'ire liber a s'irit&l&iC J4 @ai % rDb&nare 2e n*l%rete n sinisi T
al Dilel%r 2& Ais2%le4(e iarn sa& 2& neg&ri4 tte (in M&reC n l&ng&l a@ieDel%r 2& la'%AiICF4 r%iC
n 2are %ra&l i 2etatea Albei a@enin<&n(eC @ ntreba@ @ere&C 2n( (e<a (re't FC <2%lite i
2& s*ialC 2e an&@e ar '&tea si tr& 2are Ana eAit (in n%& i 2& atta 'lt%areL ntlnire 2&
@ine4 Ct ti@' n &t @ai n(ea'r%a'e 'e (%@n&l ,ar2C bn a (e s% a a2est&ia ar '&tea s<%
*a2 s re iariC n atit&(inea K(istantL4 @i s'& % iin&t '%ate s&bt silni2ia
're'&s&ril%rC 2 2& 'as (e<% 'riAire bn&it%areC 2 i se 2%ntr% l 2& 2eas&l n @n %ri2e ieire
n %naC 2 este @ere& jgat 2& 'riAire la 'ers%anele 2& 2are se ntlnetH Dar a2&@C (&'
2e n2e'&se@C 're2&@ 2re(ea@C s i2es2 @ai j&st *iDi%n%@ia i a'&2tiirile l&i ,arF
gBi2es2 &nele linii (e 2ara2terC a@ nlt&rat (e*initF S6a4 De la n@%r@ntarea l&i Le%nteC 2n(
la @a nii a@ re@ar2at sngele (%@%l i 'la2i(itatea nat&ra <Ust&l&iC aAea@ 2ertit&(inea 2 el
n& i@'&nea s%iei sale 4ni2i % *%r@ (e Aia4 ra@ n2re(inatC (e<at&n2iC 2 el l&*tg&l Dilel%r
saleC *&sese n2er2at (%ar (e 'asi&n tiini*i2e4 ,areC aa<@i s'&nea@C este %@&l
2Bin&iL (e<&n sing&r alean 3 (e a2ela al l&@ii @ate@ati2eC s're (%tat 2&@ eraC 2& (ar&ri
(iAinat%riiC ar *i aA&t t%ate 'e (%s2BBe4 (ar la 2are a ren&nat (in li's ( rre 2& a(eArat
brbteas24 ,are n& se 'ri2e'&4II C s<i i@'&n (%rinele ni2i @2ar ttnel&iC 2are<
# 2%@an(a4 !%rba tatl&i s& era 'entr& el sl%A (e 'raAilaC Iar n Ana4 el aAea % n2re(ere
%rgani2C &n senti@ent US nea2 %ri2e '%rnireC 2are ar a(&2e 2& sine Are% n(%iala4 As'iraiile
tiini*i2eC ,are i le satis*2ea (e (%&De2i (e ani t& s&r%gat&l 44nat&ralel%rL4 "tr&2t&ral el
r@@A t%t&i 'asi%nat&l *%r@el%r @ate@ati2e i al langaj&l&i Sa2tC @ai 'res&s (e %ri2e grai4
?n2er2a@ (e @<e %ri sa re*a2C n i@aginaia @ea D@bit%areC (ei 2& attea rNni an&@e
trst&ri ale *irii sale4 ra@ sig&r 2 n *%r@ 2l%r s%iei saleC ,are Ae(ea (%ar se@n&l
'arti2&lar al 2al2&l&l&i integraiC iar n braele eiC 2are (esig&r l 2& 'rin(ea& 2te%(lC "i@'le
'aranteDeC 2e n2Bi( % @rin(
/;E
S2%@'lex4 )ier(erea (e sine n @briarea 2%nj&j B 'entr& el &n *el (e (estin(ere (&' %
2%n2entra ae*C i att 7 A(eArat&l er%sC aa 2re(ea@C era absent (in Aiaa l&i4 Gel%DiaC
gri@as a a*e2i&nii ^Hr%<3eC n& '&tea (e2i s 'rin( *iin n s&*let&l l&i ,e "jjOa<@i
s'&nea@4 )rin &r@are @< 2&tat&l @%tiA 'entr& 2are Ana %2%lea 2& %bstinaie nllnirile 2&
@ineC treb&ia s *ie 2& t%t&l alt&lC (e2t a2ela as&'ra 2r&ia @ %'rea@ &ne%ri4 Aa<@i
s'&nea@4 -i ast*elC eli@inn(T 'e Mrin( t%ate i'%*eDele 2e ar *i '&t&t s ex'li2e 'entr&
@%@ent atit&(inea inter@itent (istant a *e@eiiC 2e<@i (eAenise %bsesieC a@ aj&ns s 2re( 2
Ana @ las ntr<a(ina Ksing&rLC 2a s<@i reD%lA (i*i2<ile l&ntri2e %are2&@ n 2Bi'
Organi24 FN& A%ia s @ treDeas2 (in s%@n%lenta @eaC 'e 2are % 2re(ea nen(%i%s
*%l%sit%are4 Ana 2&@'nea i '%ate 2 i s'&nea 3 s<l las s (%ar@ a(n2 j bine Are% 2teAa
l&ni4 a 2&n%tea (in *re2Aentarea 'i tel%r bine*a2erile s%@n&l&i Aegetal4
-i ast*el DileleC s't@nileC l&nile tre2ea&4 In @%2nireaC egal sieiC 2are (&ra (e atta ti@'C
Aal<ArtejC aAea s @ n2er2eC n 2Bi' tre2t%r4 n a ( (e2a( a l&nii @artie4
M
M )en(&la %rni2&l&i (e 'erete bate n2 in(e2is I n%& i De2e @artieC 2n( &n Ant
'&terni2 se '%'rii sN t%'eas2 D'eDile i ngBe&lC 2D&te 'e ia n2e'&t&l l&nii4 !nt&lC btn(
2& iDb&2niri (in B&C n gratiile la *erestreC @<a treDit a(n2a&ri (intr<&n s%@n se "&nt s%i&ri
i s%i&ri (e A&iete4 A2esta ar Area 'ar2 (es2%'ere 2asele (e igl i %lane4 #&(e2in( (&'
&r&it&i (in streiniC a2esta treb&ie s *ie *%arte 2al(4 Un&l (in a2ele Ant&ri 2areC la sateC i
siles2 'e *e2i%ri s<i ar&n2e (e 'e &@eri 2%j%a2ele (e lnC i 2are *a2 2a *etele s<i si@t
tr&'&l g%l s&bt Ae@inte4 !nt&lC rNt2in(&<seC Aal<ArtejC &ne%ri i 'rin B%rn&riC l%Aete
2& '&tere nes2D&t 'n n D%rii DileiC i a'%i n t%t 2&rs&l (i@ineii4 d'eDile 'ier 2a s&bt %
s&*lare (e *ebr4 N& A%r tre2e 2eas&riC i M&re&l Aa n2e'e sN se (eDgBeeC glgin( 'e Ia [
b&lb%ane4 A'ele se A%r &@*laC (eb%r(rt( 2ara'a2ea (e SA gBeaC i<a'%iC 2& e2%&ri (e s*rit
(e gla2iarC sl%i&rile se A%r &rni s&bt 'resi&nea a'ei (e(es&btC @ai nti n2le<e2(&<seC 'e
&r@ (es*&n(in(&<se4 Djn 'ri2ina t&rb&lenei
l F /Y>
#&B&l l&r*i 9 n& iv9+ IS ',- H7 4 < ir^<LjjI
#4KZ 'e 23 PZ '^i n 2F'%C 2ei M F% 2<Zl %
J4 Z L224&riie s&b<2& jet&l&i4 )%%te 2 a "i t -' 2ai(
LiC n2r2at (e U* H%ri i (e iiC A&
(e Aiit%areC lrrrJrCr4(&<se 2a % 2Oe4 !(
L 'G
O2Fi
, (in *
. ri
1
d
t
. tFe r
*
i
n
*2este
4
i(&<se 'rin ti ena3 a'eiC Ceea 2e e n
e AiDi&ne realist3 cgei a'ele )ure4ului A%r 5555 %Aa ?ile (e (eDgBe %'a2e ea nGolul5
La %ra o!t diineaa a*ung 2& *r&ntea trans'irat n bir%&l eu (e la Batyaneu5 Dr&@&l
@i< aFt 'e
se2&n(C 22i aa 2ere 2%n(i2a (e 'reDen4 "2%2&rile &rbei t&r&ie (in bel&g4 )e caldarnl @<
a& nt@'inat 'ret&tin(eni 2i%b&ri (e %lane s@&lse (e AntC (e 'e 2=
j
4se4 +e@'erat&ra (e a*ar
a 2res2&t 'esle n%a'te (e la @in&s 2in2i gra(e la 'l&s %'t4
CteAa strAe2Bi @an&s2rise (in Atrsia (e @ijl%2C 2& il&straii l&2rate 2& @igal 2l&greas2C
a@eninate s *ie (istr&se (e @&2egaiC @ atea't n tean2 'e @asa (e l&2r&4 +reb&ie s
ra'%rteD (e &rgen @inister&l&i 2<&ra as&'ra sit&aiei (e'l%rabile n 2are se gses2 raritile
i unicatele bibli%te2ii4 Mijl%a2ele (e (284^n He2tare a @an&s2riix<#%r treb&ies2 s%li2itate n
*raDe t&rnate n ti'are (% retoric anti24 C&'rins (e a2east 're%2&'areC n2e' s re(a2teD &n
ra'%rt n 2are (in 2a'&l l%2&l&i s&nt B%trt s '&n @ai ult 'atetis@ (e2it 'er@ite stil&l
%bin&it al &n%r atri s2ri'te4
)e la %ra De2e ni@erete ia @ine (%2t%r&l La2 NiN&las4 N&<@i s2'ase 2 %@&l @ ocolea n
Are@ea (in &r@ 2& Uii *el C( %bstinaieC siste@ati2C a'r%a'e 2& a(Aersitate4 Aita 2Biar i
ntlniril2 nt@'it%areC 'e stra(4 Ce Area a2&@ (e la @ine H "<nii @'rteas2 n%i (ile@e
i n%i *&n(t&ri (e<ale "'irit&l&i s&C care &@bl 'e (r&@&ri att (e nt%rt%2Beate H Ce ai % H A
*2&t n%i 2%@'lexe (e %bsesiiC 'e 2are ine sa 4i le destinui9sc3 s're a s2'a (e ele H l
'ri@es2 a@i2al4 La2 Ni2&lae<'are /oarte stingBerit4 N&<@i 'la2e s as2< %a@eni 2are i
trans*%r@ (i*i2<ile luntrice3 inti@eC '&r 'ers%naleC n 'r%ble@e 2e ar treb&i s 're%2&'e
'e t%at l&@ea4 A2est%r %a@eni care te asalteaD in%'%rt&nC n2er2lr4( s te *a% @art%r /r
si@brie al unor taine 'arti2&lareC le s'&n R (e %bi2ei 3 KN& e bine s<i s2%r@%neti tainele4
Intestinele s&nt *2&te s le '%ri as2&nse4 Ni@enea n& &@bl 'e stra( cu @r&ntaiele '&rtate
2a o beteal 'a
GC/
jrn4ii 7L 9 L LCl&tla2 e (e<% 'al%are 2& n glb i Ij(< @ai s&bit ati2 (e2t i tia@4 )r%babil
2 a2&@ gea@n iaH ai 2& a2el neg&st%r (e 2ear (e tCbineC 'e 2are @i l<a (t s2ris 2n(Aa
O2taAia4 Aa arta *r n(%ial Lae Ni2&ire 2n( s<a nt%rs (in n2Bis%rile saleC 2n( i tre2&t
ntia %ar 'e la Ban&l br%(ni2il%rC n 2&tare 2 % *ag&ri g%i 'entr& % @nstire (in M%l(%Aa4
KCe Ant te<a(&eeC (%2t%re HL l ntreb 'e<&n t%n (^ F <nat s<l n(r&@e s're % in&t @ai
*ireas2 n ra'%it 2& @ine4 M
KCBiar &n Ant @<a(&2eC (%@n&le 'r%#$F6rC Ant&l 2e n2e'& ast<n%a'te 7 "e (eDgBea
M&r2r&i4 "e Arr '%rni sl%i&rile i @%rii (in *&n(&l a'el%r A r i2
r
Ci ! '&'ra 7 ng(&ii s A
@'rtes2 2eAa (7 i *O@ni&i h s&*let&l&i @e& HSF
C4M<ai 2a@ %2%lit n <i@ele l&niC (%2 7L F
r
nJ O n ti@' 2e n sinea @ta @i Di2 3 KABC
(aC a$) b`teriFa (&s 'e @ini 7L F
C LrL&riees2 2 este aaC A< r4ra 2a@ %r ! lege i 'ri2inaC (e n(at 2e @ Aei as2i
'4PIi ^J
nii!L4 '%Aar 'e &@erii @eiC 'e 2ei (inL l<Mni =4
*e@^Pi sing&r Mai2a D%@n&l&i e<n(&rl% @ Za
aj&ta 7L Din A%rL n A%rbC Lae Ni2&lae
G
a 2ele
rt@'late 'e la Ban&l br%(ni2il%r 'H la n O iarrn4
K-tiiC (%@n&le 'i&lLC%rC 2& eit( 2 '%rt O 4 44 'enti& a22lj ntrn'lNii 7L
C C&@ a(i2HL interAin D*@bii%r n 2rra 2a L)<J NirrFae este 'e 2ale (e a<@i C4(estin&iLF4 C4#
=are *tni ailt2a (in 2ele 'etre2&te 'e la BanC n<a@ *a2i ni2F%2n i ni2i un *el (e legt&r ntre
DRta i Cele inti@'lat2 7F
K-i l4H&iC (%@i&le 'r%*es%r 7LF
Lre Ki2bla% %ji%sD a( a24 "i i& 2 este vn 42aDL4
+
Fn 2@ L, I bsesiil%i 'a@a3ieti i al
2aD&isti2ii 2leti4 $ a64e't 2l%2i s= *i& @tr%(&s n& att ntr<% l&n4O a a(i r&iFilt rC 2i ntr<%
l&%e (e n2Bi'&iriC (e 2are Lae N& 'are 2& t%t&l 2&'rins i s&bj&gat4 "i@t 2 eOie h, a<@i !F!bi
2& beliLt (e a@Nn&nle (es'6e leO4FiiF 2& O2taAiaC @ieC 23Cie @i<a@ aA&t i e& l2gt&i ,n .#
2& ea4 A s<i rrl4< s2&rt a@ni<rtel24 "i@t 2N !# -#ca s<r2i @'it2T 2ile 2eZa
*r@ntrie ' 2iae
sa& @<s
inO5 K
i2i 1 & %
/Y8
i
'it4 s're
s
@i
(es<
%iNr& 4nte I
S&la=
alt 2a &n %rg%l i i 3 i't 2 a I&I tat n&@ai Ant&l (e
ilae @i arat n *raDe 'ateti2e 2t (eiA Ci O2taAia 3 4C)e @ine @<a ales ns M @<a s2%s (in
a2eNitN Aale a (eert2i&ni te is'itele4 -i n%<a@ (es'ritC e& (e na (e @ine4 Dar Aina e n&@ai a
n ar2 'e O2taAia 'rintre 'ati@ile @ele4 i s 2a&t 2ear (e albine 'e ia Ban4 "&nt n2re( O2taAia
i<a 2&tat s*rit&l n a'ele M&re33 in 2ele (in &r@ #i<a '&t&t s @ai n(&re (es'A<
as2<n(&<l 'e Lae Ni2&laeC g&ntF 'e i. 2 tl2&l 2e el ii @'r&@&t nt@'lrii%r ri & (in
n%a'tea s're "iFnt<Ni2%laeC este (elirant4 @i at 3 a2est sens e 'r%(&s&l &n&i (elir St
%'tat Ant&l (e ast n%a'teC &r@eaD L<r )%ale 2 (in a'ele t&lb&ri &le M&re&l&i A <
3
O2taAiei4 !res& s ti& 2 Bnee n
rii2L4 i t%ate 2 (%r&l ei %2eani2 sRar %(iBni rnai
3
i( (e a'e4 Cre( 2N ai 'rias a 7L Lae Ni2&lae n& 'are s nr
e (e la ale saleC iari la ale sale 3 S &r@ 'le24 H%trrea e l&at4 !i % D&nriiC 2are a& n2e'&t
le4 N& n2er2 s eAa(eD s'I % 2Be@are (intr<a2%l%4 !%i n*r&nt a L i &n 2ai24 )e 2ellalt r@
@ A%i s2&t&ra de @ine<@iC 2&@ se s2&t&r &n 2line iein( (in a'4<O%i n2 aj&ng la M&ntele
AtB%THMN<<a@ &@blat 'rin a2ele i riC (ar M&ntele n&<@i este strin4 A2%l% @i A%i
a4 A2%l% @i A%i &2i(e n I% se A%i
te@ele 7L
KAi is'itit "*nt&l M&nte (in 4 ii ntreb i D<ta Are% re2%@an(aie HSM KC&n%s2 2& (e<
a@n&ni&i 4
&i e @ere& jii r%ii (e @a2C 4
/G/
i 2ri'te n
Jl% l%2 i 'entr& %asele @ele4 A@ Aeti (es're @N<tiiiC (es're IAir%n i Marea LaAr4 (es'i^
ZnaC
In%n%s )etra 2& 2l(irile nalte (e ' b i
ti ninC ai(%@a 2el%r (in +ibet4 A2easta (in &r@ @ B'rage @ai Art%sC (ar A%i gsi '%ate 2
'ri@ireFIla Nat%<,'e(i sa& la CBilian(ariC sa& la "taAr%nicitaC 2are a *%st =n%Aat (e !%(
-erban Canta2&Din%4 -i (a2 n& @ Bri@ete ntr& s2Bi@ni2ie ni2i &n l2aC @ Aa @br<Kia
&n *&n( (e 'r'astieC sa& @ Aa nla % "ln2 (ea<Httra @riiC (e &n(e A%i Ae(ea 'n la
"a@%tra2e 7 A@ OH'ra @ea % s2ris%are (e la btrna @a@4 a O2taAiei HKre stare&l (e la
d%gra'B%s4 I<a@ s'&s @a@ei 2 @ OB r&ga 'entr& %(iBna s&*let&l&i r'%satei (in a'ele
OHte&l&iC Dile 2te A%i @ai aAea 7L
Ki (aC s&nt *r&@%ase t%ate asteaC (ar a'a D&nrii OHB O tre2i HL l ntreb 'e Lae Ni2&laeC
'ierDn(&<@ '&<OOB'rin ge%gra*ia 2e<a (es*&rat<% 'rin *aa %2Bil%r @ei OOK 2are @ si@t
2a@ anal*abet
4Sn%s2 'e 2ineAa 2are Area s @ aj&te4 (a H[iC n AlbaC (e %br<=ie bnean (e Ing D 3
!%i
s aj&ng 'n n sat&l (as2l&l&iC (e<4 4 %a'te tre2 D&nrea 7 A@ Aenit s A A(C ( j"r%**<s%rC
nainte (e a '%rni la (r&@4 Mi<al s'&s n2 (in SirinAjA&ra tre2&t 2 l%2&l @e& este 'e
M&ntele At
I
4 OBC s&nt gata (e 'le2areL4 -i Lae Ni2&lae se &it l&ng la s2r&tn(&<@i gn(&rile4
2 2& % n2r&ntare (in s'rFneene 'este 2eea c( @i<a OHOi a(n2a%ri (es're O2taAiaC i n& *a2
ni2i &n gest i n&
ni2i &n 2&AntC 2e ar '&tea s<i 2latine n OHta %niri2 2& 'riAire la t *it&l&i ei4 Mi s<a
nAe<
OBit &n l&2r& 3 Lae Ni2&lae 2re(e 2 legt&rile @ele 2& OHaAia a& *%st (e nat&r '&r
intele2t&al4 N<a@ ni2i % OBsin s<i sting (elir&lC re2e 2a &n *&lger4 Lae Ni2&lae OHat % @are
B%trre4 N& gses2 ni2i &n 2&Ant s n2er2 OK''ri4 O@&l n& Aa '&tea s<i gseas2 linitea
(e2it
te sa& ntr<% laAr (e 'e M&nte4
[[FLa 'le2are Lae Ni2&lae @i @ai s'&ne 2 %(at aj&as OOHn%sC @i Aa tri@ite &n se@n4
iiC s&rit in*%r@at 2 n bibli%FI
sing&r&l exe@'larC 2e @ai al B%taiM
OO'c&ri(esC @e(i2&l (in anti2Bitate4 !%i n2er2a *
a Area s A<% Ui@it 'entr& (%a@na Ana ,ai
"Y0
i *%arte (ig&C i ntr<a(eAr 'lin nti F '.-'
i i2<j4&4<F(C n tin ' 2e &n AC4l (L i %I#Ca @i e 4 * EC.4
Lae Nir&Lte @i ntin(e @na4 i &reD (i &n4 5%arte
2i&(at @i se 'are *g(&ina l&iC a2&@ 2&( 2%b%ar tre'tele n s'iral (e la Bateane&@4
Lae Ni2a<ie s<a @biat sing&r s tri@it (e la M&ntele AtB%s 9 &n (ar 'en<trr Ana4 I<a (at
2ineAa Are% s&gestie n a2est sens H N& Ci2#4 O*ertaC '%rnit ex2l&siA (in r%st&l sa&4 este
(in 2O% a<*rr 'xM'sti%as44 2a i 2&@ 'e<% 2ale @isteri%as La2 Ni2&be ar *i gBi2it 2eAa
(in (4(e4&bt&l LJ<JT@'lrjl%r (e li ban&l br%(ni2il%r (in n%a'tea b're M F<Ni2+ Ziat&l (in
n%a'tea (e n%&ri @aitie s'tF LS %re irFF (&reDe Are% 2teAa H37^ M&re&l&i J
t%4
g i M )e la .8 a l&n& ^ i@ Fii =S S Oe te ev'
a i FD&tC Di i n%a'l*Z 'i F(* e eiC
&n Rar i 2& 2ngiC (i .$4 <t@ ^
2a &i O2taZ i2i ar *i c < WF r<ti& 2 Aii "%@nii A%r 2%nin& i I in 2la
'e i ,8
i M arin sa& J&bt 'iiLi 4 eirM 2ag (e a
L%r4 Ase@enea (F*nn J %' <j Oa
jnt la *i4 2e 'as si I3n F . tt24
Ni2&lae4 rare ?M i=42&4<% siei ^ C4 2 Ci<
itr<&n @%i@nl i42 OFtaAiaC Z #L Alba4 )e la &n 2eas (e n%a'te 2i (e
A
Lii4
S . W*3i
i
it&G I inii rri4Fiie4 ntr<% ICT *Fr t& (%@i2ili&l n Ai saC t4L 'J ^ !#C bir%& 'n
lng @ine 2t e44
@i<2 t s'&ne3 2a'&l a'le2atC j<abla # niiirNn( 3 KA@ 'ri@it tire sii&M DF4nie4 (es're
'rieten&l D<A%< iZ
tea (e :> @artie s trea2 D&nC 2& rL i&sr4it (e<% santinel r%rr&l<a v
Diijl22 (e a'eL4
in
ta
sa
!i% ga i ist%ria ne nAC @s&r (% 2%nserAare a *ii &n (&r 2& 2are *irea a nDes t%' ie *'t&rile4
In "@nr*rjAH ni4 H+M2M2a I
t%rC
cv>h
U inC
n 2 a *i
ae&rC
.
C
i / i
id
ia
3;-
CL<t
ce
i (e PKevi3 Ae !
i
3ri(at 'rin @ineC 2a [ i 'ier(ea& n2et&l 2& r
itirile 'rin(ea& s se
iir*a @ea ele se
i @ai a'rea@ 'ers%nal # i a'%i '&lAeriDateC ele
IZ N& era A%rbaC (e Ai&n*jea@ (e%2a@(at ntr<%
l 5 itP5
*F&r (l i2 &itri rile trNie[P i 2&get&l&i aLLF Z le &itC se 4
.
ntre 'ietre 2 T4 J &i relie*&l i a
.
S4iliDeDe s&bt as'e2t <st%@'n&C n2it a'F%Oj igaj4it n ele4 +%2iteC '&lrr& s *i% ngiiil3 (FL<'r% %
&itare 2%nC sF& i % (e (eDlegare 7
i
jj S a@intirile n& @ai a& 'riD as&'ra r
i
7
e334'rlnLIaZ CF&ar%a nAalni2 2ete s &@*ie i n2e'&i s 'resi@t i % aii& (estin(ere4
ntreDrea@ ` 'tiiir& 2n(AaC Di&a 2n( %ale nt@'lrileC lsate n i 'rin @ie33 ele iarnC rai s%
A%r 'erin(a 'rin 2&'F%t n2 % i
3
434F
I
4 ns%ite n& (e a@r2i&ne ni2i (e siji@nt&i %
LS<4ar&l&iC 2i (e (&i%ie4 Dar 'n at&n2i Aa treb&i s I rea2 Are@eC Are@e4
L&@ina DileiC 'rel&ngit<i @ai intensC ar *i '&t&t ji@ (e ase@enea s @ treDeas2 (in
@%2nireC (a2 a C se2iFetele Airt&i ale &n&i 2%'a24 Din i@ele 'ine ale *iDi%l%giei AegetaleC
@ @'rtea@C (esig&r4 al@ente 2al '&in4 Alt*el n<a *i ate'tat 2& n^ i
2areC n gla2iarC tria& n 'eteriC 2li'a s2r&2eC 2n( A%i '&tea s sal&t eBin%2i&l (e 'ri@<'
Ct a *i (%rit 2a n 'ri@Aara 2e se an&na 2& bjb<'rin Areas2&riC s *i& ri(i2at (in ln2e<i
latente (% &nani@&l i&re Aegetal4 Dar at (e s&bs&%ri (in n%a'tea @eaC 2n( (e FFHFiiC 2r( (e
abia (a *ir&l (e iarb i +esla rn li@ba @iel&l&iC 2n( (e abia ieeaU tii 2a (e argint s s'arg
glia si s (esie<
1
U
e6-L
iit , %i *i&
1 ]ai '
=&rile
2&
rrI Ce i 3i4 j rij47%t3ZL &in n%i FHI. (e 't F@=
s'.vU ' ' in stt4nLC44
t%rii S lZjIi n rs'r t%ate '%t<
(in n%& 4s<i *a2 si@ite &2aD&rile4 & tre2&t Are@&rileC 2n( 'e la e2Bi< (eAeneai ntr<
a(eAr 2%'a2C l*i< slin&l&i 2& 2ertit&(inea 2 n 2t2AT
sN* 4ii &ii t4l&l i bleste@ele4 n2%r%nn(&<te 2& Aer<
.
AUi iDbelite treb&ia s n2ea' i l%Ait&rile 2i%2an&l&i (in rN&a ste@ a rii aAea& s 2a(
&na (&' altaC re'eDi ei Cbm-n(na i @asiAe4 ntr<% n%a'te 2e<a r@Nnea (% '%rr <'in<n Aiit%ri
strne'%iC ntr<% n%a'te s*i<at (^<J 4 ie l@'il%r ele2tri2e (e b&D&narC ntr<% n%a'te 2& t%jM
linarel% (e stra( stinseC a& l&2rat (e D%r n t%at n 'rin t%ate tainiele i &ngBereleC (&bele
B&r&i<t%nre ( egi@&l&i4 N<a @ai r@as as2&ns la 2asa saC 2a<n g&&4& (e ar'eC ni2i *%st @%ierC
ni2i 2Biab&r @ai nstrit4 +%i a2etiK (in %*i2i& (e2larai (&@ani ai 2lasei @&n2it%areC *&r
ri(i2ai i trans'%rtai n& se tie &n(e4 4Anex%ie 'tr&n(ea 'n la 2ei n Aia Are% Aeste
(es're s%arta (is'r&il%r4 "'ai@a %btei era ntrit (e DA%n&l 'rin ni@i2 2%ntr%labilC 2 2ei
ri(i2ai ar *i Biat (r&@&l s're in&t&ri siberieneC *iin( (%'%rta*i la @&n2 silni24 Ai(entC
ist%ria n2eta s @ai l&2ieDe 2& i(eiC ea l&2ra e2&@ n&@ai 2& (&be4 N& era@ ni2i @%ierC ni2i
2Biab&r4 Dar (in2%l% (e tre'tele b%ieriei @ai era& attea 2aeg(rii (e 2eteniC Airt&al@ent%
2D&i (in (e@nitatea %@eneas2C 'e 2are i Ai6a %2Bi&l nen(&rt%r al ist%riei4
n 2K@in2aa (e 2in2i @aiC a(n2 i %are2&@ t%@nati2 ser @ ntilnes2 nt@'ii%r 'e<% &liC
2e (&2e la 7'-.r S <DarDaAati&i4 2& (%a@na Gr&ia4 a<@i s'&ne 2& gFa F n( (e e@%i% 3
Ii 2 ast n%a'te a& *%st ri(i2ai 'e ar t%i *%tii iL<r ri i ali nali sl&jbai (e ai stat&l&iCF(e
'e Are<@&i
O 'al%are @i nea2 *aaC (ar n2er2 s<@i re(%bn<(es2 2al@&lC gata s @ 'rseas24
KD%a@n Gr&iaC AeDiC asta n&F'%ale s *ie a(eArat nt%2@aiC 22i iat ai n *aa @ataleC Ai&C un
*%st (e@nitar 7L C&Aintele @i s&nt4 ns%ite (e<&n tre@&r al &n&i @in&s2&l @&2Bi (e<a
(rea'ta n %braD4 @%ia (e %2C Bta'nitC se trans*%r@ase n tre@&r4
KDaLC rs'&n(eC nseninn(&<seC (%a@na Gr&iaC FCaa e 7 Ai(entC &n si@'l& DA%n 7L n2Beierea
(%a@nei Gr&ia
/.:
'
s
Ws) J 'ate4 t%t&OF '&'il4 - aexAsta % sJiFi 4 Oa i
[s <ibiZte s iC<i liniti as2 3 K!e(eiC siia ++ i
JiNAi 2& 2are s se @n(reas2C '&n n 2in 4ie
SniL4
D&' alte 2teAa Dile a*l& 2 Aentile (es' ZL
c' '%starea *%til%r (e@nitari i a al%r n F i
< ti@'&riC n& *&seser si@'le DA%n&riC 2i%2niF = FS Din %@ n %@ eetile ia& 2%nt&r i se
e%ni444
e' tin(eniC (in 2a'italC 2a i (in %reele (aM'r%AZ C 4t@s% (e2i a2i&nea (e (es*iinare
n rr a F
@eni l%r '%liti2iC (@ t%ate 'arti(ele (e s re Lria (e C4%a@eni '%liti2iLF
.
'are ns @i^ ai i 4
2&'rinDt%areC r4J44i '&t&se@ s<% 2%n2T ,(c eM[ (e*iniiile 2%n*e2A Ciiale (e (%2trinari Lli(&j&i
OH*n Ae(erea n2eii ii iA'tei (e 2lasC '&tea ( ngl%<OBL2al2g%ria '%liti2ienil%r b&rgBeDi
%ri2ineC
2
F @&<U),il (% ln( as&'ra 2r&ia s<ar gWi % O4i@'L 'itirii &4ie C a
.*"
=t%rC
in(i*erent 2 a *2&tC sa& rFiC Ai 2%(atC &D (e * )e ealea s%*is@el%r (iale2ti2e '%ate s intre n
n&nAta &teg%rie 2Biar i &n intele2t&alC 2are a @ani*estat t%t<%a&na % aAersi&ne *a (e %ri2e
're%2&'are '%liti2C 2&@ jnt i e& +9 &n&l4
!estea (e'%rtril%r are (ar&l (e a @ treDi (in s%@n%<O <aa 2e @ in&se 'n a2i %rgani2
legat 2a 'e<% @%na(C + 2areC *r n(%ialC *&sese t%t&i 'rielni2 re*a2erii @ele *leleti4 Dar
%2&l @<a s2&t&rat 'r%babil 'rea tareC 22i Zea@ s 2a( (egrab ntr<% stare (e nat&r t%2@ai
F%'&sC +a2teriDat 'rin ins%@nii (e<% l&2i(itate Bal&2inantC 42este ins%@nii se n*iineaD
(&' 2te4&n s%@n s2&rt &e<% %rC (%&C n *ie2e n%a'te4 +reDireaC &n @%@ent (eD%rientatC
@i e ns%it (e bti tari i re'eDi ale ini@iiC n a 2r%r se2ret 2a&Dalitate n& n2er2 s
'tr&n(4 Oare btile ini@ii @ (etea't 'r%A%2n(&<@i strile (e s'ai@F H "a& @ treDes2
(e<% s'ai@ 2e @ ia n s%@nC 'ri2in&in(&<@i btile ini@ii H G%ana ini@ii 2a tr%'%t&l (e
2%'ite al &n&i &ni2%rn % 2&'rin( a'r%a'e 2& &re2BeaC ( Ln 'rag&l treDirei a&(C (e %bi2eiC i
(e%(at 2& eleC i n &C 2a ale 2&iAa 2are ar Area s intre4 Bti (e ti . s&nn( a %sC n
tabla (e le@n a &iiC 'e la a treia O * bare (e straj a n%'ii 7 Btile n & (e<% a2&itate
. inat%rie rin *a2 n *iete2are n%a'te s s'&n n sinea
t3 N& @
3
a@4 nelat4 Le<a@ a&Dit 7 Ate't 2& n2%r<F4 N& nii s2%l " (es2Bi(4 "&nt n2re(inat
2( *iina M /8/
CI+ n tNt&t4 Aa intra 2& (es2BiDt%areaL (% &i i '%ri E'1 L i4Ola n& intr4 )ei22'iiil2I a&(itiAe
a& *%st (eAiC t F 7<? % a@gire a si@&ril%r bi2i&ite (e %bsesii4 9 O(at tI<*J
M
t<& rnai a(%r@4
M DAr2%le22 'n se 2ra' (e DiC t
A
R F /A<Z<Jst %i 2i rari ( '%sibil4 (
i<
n 2li' n 2li'C AiDita i
F O.C F
+
+ <CF 3 @2 # =4<&'3inb n 2%n&l (e l&@in al M! ^ e4 3Ci r&( &n giOa t& i 4 C&raii
@%s2%<
il V
F%siil%r 2Z@nilari i a j6Cjlii%r sl&jbai
= i Fi n<r%O'*en 2&t%iAC n& se @ai a*l
d Ci (iii CU ie n ?i ne2%ntr%labic
.
&@bl 'eT
2aL 'rin t%a&T rile renane4 .F . i+r *i
lai ait ar 'e la gra(&l (e Li
I
@e al
a agi @'%(%bit (e rnn(re a&r%rP^ reale I
st PJ &n(eAa n 2&tare sa& 2&t4 n2Bi<
CK V (&nreneC 'rin be2i&ii rnaia@&reene
alii4 t4(%Aene4 A3n e& 'e 2%@6iii6r<i Are&n
L7 a2 'e 2are n%&a te%l%gie a @aterieiC 2e se
i abt 2%nsternai ai ntieOii %b
H
tiC le '&ne
.F $1'# 5
e
t2alB %ri2r&i 2etean H 72r' (eli2t
.
S F4arie ir C iA<i '%ate s *ie %4iee %bie2tC 2e i<a
TF @ a di 3inte (e :/ A&g&st4 CBiar i % @%bilC
F^J 4rnii22
.
FC 22i a2%staC (&' '4L&AC32% Dbiril%r 2t
.
F4ib titl& (e 2%nsilieri s%Aieti2i terle '%Dikiile<2Be%
A4 i<al (e statC n& '%ate s aib alt %xigine (e2t
C44 SPLZ Ori2e @%bil Ae2Be (e stilC %ri2e i2%an sIL&
2t =s&nt s%2%tite K*&rateL n ti@'&l rDb%i&l&i (in
i Ca &n graA 2%r' (eli2t '%ate *i 'TiAi
E
%ri2e 2&rte
sr F4st (intre 2ele (%& rDb%aie @%n(iale4 Ase@enea
'4 9,li *&seser (e alt@intrelea 2& ani ir ai r &nte
5A C a'r%a'e *r ex2e'jieC (in bibl%tt2e '&%li22C
l J 4%& 2a n%ile generaii (e intele2t&aliC 2e W2 Aer *%r@a
2i
N
ti'are s%Aieti2eC s n& @ai a*le ni2i % Aeste (es're
r @ai @are e'%2 (e nll%rii e s'irit&al a '%'%r&l&i
iF4aNn4 "'re a s2'a (e atari 2%r'&ri (eli2teC 2e '&tea&
M XFBii4/ 2& 'rilej&l &n%r 'er2BeDiiiC n 2&rs&l 2i %ra se
2 2& t%'tan&l 'ar2Bet&l (in 2a@ere i se ( j%s (e 'e
Li 2Biar ten2&ialaC ar *i treb&it s<@i in2inereD '&r i
%F& t%at bibli%te2aC i @ai ales 'r%'riile<@i %'ere
<L%4 De%are2e nsC (&' 2riteriile %a@enil%r (eC la
teC t%ate %bie2teleC *r (e%sebireC '%t s *i% 2%r<
FLi2teC a@4 gsit 2 este in&til %ri2e n2er2are (e a le
L %2Bi&l&i 2el%r 2e @i le<ar exa@inaC i 2 treb&ieC
/8E
2%nse2inC s ren&n la Ke'&rareaL bibli%te2ii4 " i
2& att @ai graA e& 2it n bibli%te2a ra<ai 2ri b&ne i 2BinteseniFileC (e2i ni2i % 2ar7 4 a %*eri
&n KalibiLC a(i2 ni2i &na (in %'2A<@arxitiL i ni2i &na (in r&in%asele br%&ri are a
anal*abeil%rC ni2i &nN (in '&bli2aiC i
i(at 2& st&'i(a l%r sl%A 'iaa i Aitrinele H i FE> n2%a2e4 n l&'ta (e 2las (eDln&itF 2&
BigI44A64el il i 'r%Ain2ialC se *a2e &D (e<% rea ere<C
3
e(ent4 ,stl@2irea ia &n%%ri *%r@e
(M Sant4 n ase@enea 2%n(iii te '%i ate'ta
*ii a2&Dat (e *il%<ger@anis@ sa& (e naDis@C s i s<a& (es2%'erit 'rin 2r't&rile (&&@
a
I(eC s2rb%ase inse2teC att (e aneA%ie (e ex it,
(in a2ele 2e '%art n&@ele (e KAabiL4
4 "%@n&l @e& se @%(eleaD 'e @s&ra @'rej&rril%r I (ens n s&bstanC (ar s2&rt tiat4
N%'ile @i A%r *i n2 % Are@e @'rite ntre % agitaie 2e @ ia 2lin %r<32C i &n 2al@ 2e @i<l
i@'&n 2& e*%rt&ri (e A%inC t n %2Bi 2ristalin&l ins%@niil%r n ate'tarea BingBeril%r 2& a'2C
(es're 2are @i n2Bi'&i 2 t%t @ai %'ereaD (in 2n( n 2n( 'rin 2ateg%ria *%til%r (e@nitari4
In(i2ii 2erte 2& 'riAire la atari %'erai&ni n& @ai a@ t%t&i4 Dar ins%@niile s<a& instalat n
*iina @ea (e<a bineleaC re'li<iii i&<@i 'ielea la *%r@a %asel%r4 n 2&rs (e (%&C trei s't@n
A%i slbi (in2%l% (e %ri2e n%r@ *iDi24 @i si@t sing&r *aa @btrnit (e griji4
"enti@ent&l te<r%arei n%2t&rne @i s<a nti'rit n gest&ri i n &@blet4 CBiar tre2t%ri
ne2&n%s2&i i nt%r2 &ne%ri %2Bii (&' @ineC 2a (&' &n %@ b%lnaA4
"'re s&r'riDa @ea a*l& ntr<% Di % Aeste (estinat s<@i @ai %g%ian ngrij%rrile4 !re% 2iAa
*%ti (e@nitari n<a& *%st 2&lei (in l2aele l%r n n%a'tea (e '%@in 7 Cn( n& este A%rba
(es're li2BeleC 2are a& a22e'tat s sar (&' stea&a r%ieC ar&n2at 2a % 2r&2e n (@b%Aia
n%ii %teDiC 2le@ena @brieaD (%ar 2&n%s2&i %a@eni (e tiin sa& 'ers%naliti 2<&raleC
2are i<a& *2&t &n n&@e res'e2tat n ar i 'este B%tare4 )entr& (es*iinarea a2est%ra se '%ate
re2&rge la @et%(e K*r Arsare (e sngeL4 ,egi@&l&i n&<i ( @Ba sa trans*%r@e n @artiri
nis2aiAa neAin%Aai ai s'irit&l&i4
/8>
ntr<% H+ "@i intr n bir%& la Bateane&@ a(A%2aiC7 Gr&ia4 Di@bit%r4 )ar2 @i 2al2 'rag&l
2& t%ate 2al 2&lele *2&te i rs2%ntr%late4 Ne ntin(e@ la A%rb4 Gr&ia @i s'&ne 2 a st&(iat
n 2&rs&l anil%r (in &r@ t%t cu i<a 2D&t n @in 2& 'riAire la @et%(ele (e l&2r& (in Uni&nea
"%Aieti2C @i @ai @'rtete 2C (&' in*%r@aii (in 2er2&ri a&t%riDateC @4ai 2&n%ate 42te
2eAa i (in @et%(ele (e l&2r& ale se2&ritii4 Dar 2e are s<@i 2%@&ni2e Gr&iaC 2C (&' %
l&ng intr%(&2ere t%t @ai DN@bete4 In s*irOit Gr&ia D0i r%stete 2re(ina 2 9 e& n& A%i @ai *i
ri(i2at4 A(&2e el i Are&n arg&@ent H Da 7 ,i(i2rile se *a2 (intr<% (at ntr<% sing&r n%a'teC
(&' 2ateg%rii4 Da2 4a@ *%st 2r&at n n%a'tea (e 2in2i @ai nsea@n 2a h+ a2east 2ateg%rie
a@ s2'at4 Gr&ia n2ear2 s @ asig&re in *el i 2Bi' 2 a 2ntrit 2aD&l @e& (in t%ate le (e
Ae(ereC i<@i @ai 'reDint % sit&aieC 'e 2are /a (e<s&@br&l AD(&B (e 'n aDi treb&ie s<%
n&@es2 Ir4<4n(a*irie4 Gr&ia *a2e &n e*%rt s<@i s&gereDe % atit&<
e @ai 2al@ *a (e Di&a (e @ine4 -i (a2 nO<a *i K'er<
aa (e @< n 2a&DC a'r%a'e 2 l<a 2re(e 'e
i intC 2n( @ n2re(ineaD 2 n 2%nje2t&rile '%sibile
@ai Ae(e ni2i % 2ateg%rie n 2are s '%t intre
n%& 2&les (e @ari Ain%Aai4 -i tnr&l @e& 'rieten
s s&sine4 n %a'tC 2eAa4 l 'retin(e 2 a a*lat (in si
SMn (e 2reD@nt 2 n&@ele @e& *ig&rase t%t&i 'e liilaCC*%ti%r (e@nitariLC n2N n aj&n&l
n%'iiC 2n( a2etia aAea& s *ie strni4 Aa i<a (estin&it 2ineAaC 2 are 2alitatea s<% tie4 Lista
ar *i 'le2at n <i@&l @ana la 442entr&LC &n(e n&@ele @e& 2a i al alt%r 2t%rAa K'er<sinalitiL
ar *i *%st ters 2& 2Bi@i2al#i 2e (iD%lA 2erneala4 A (%&a Di ri(i2rileC (e ni@enea bn&ite @ai
nainteC " e*e2t&at 'r%@'t i *r abatereC (&' lista 2%re2tatC Kntrebarea eLC 2&@
s&bliniaD Gr&iaC K2ine i (in Z2e @%tiA te<a s2%s (intre 'r%s2rii H 7L -i a@i2&l @e&
i C@'&l 5r&@%asei @ ntreab 'e<&n t%n alesC eAi(entC 2& grij (e a n& @ jigniC (a2 n<a@
2&@Aa Are&n 'r%te2t%r 'rin K2%@itet&l 2entralL4 i rs'&n( F KN& ti&4 )%ate s<% *i gsin( i 'e<
a2%l% Are&n a(@irat%r al '%! DiF%r @ele 7 A2est 'res&'&s a(@irat%r treb&ie s iiO nsJ
*%arteC *%arteC *%arte se2retLC 're2iDeD e&C K22i (&'
/8Y
te se tie s<a& l&at n2 (e a2&@ 2in2i ani @s&riC 'e la aate instit&iile (e 2<&rC 'e la reAiste
i DiareC 'e a *easele (e e(it&rC 2a i n 2%lile (e t%ate gra(eleC 2a t%i Oa(@irat%riiT s se
trans*%r@e n (etra2t%riC i a2easta rit ii re'e(e 2& '&tinC n :E (e %re4 De at&n2i n&@el* @e&
n& @ai este '%@enit n '&bli2isti2a (e (iAerse li@bi (in arC (e2t ns%it (e e'itete
(e*i@t%areC sa& (e<a (re't&l inj&ri%ase4 Asta<i sit&aiaC (rag Gr&ia4 Dar s<ar '&tea s ai i t&
(re'tate4 Mi<% *i '&s gn( b&n e< 2ineAaC 'e<a2%l% 3 &n(e s'&i4 )%ate 2 C%nstant Mir%nes2&C
2& t%ate 2 a@ *%st att (e rebarbatiA n (is2&ia (e ast t%a@n 7L Gr&ia i 'r%ie2teaD as&'ra
@'rej&rril%r (ate (%rina *ierbinte (e a @ Ae(ea '&s la a('%st4 Arg&@entele l&i n&<@i 'ar
t%t&i li'site (e %ri2e te@eT4 l %'iniaD 2 (e%2a@(at A%i '&tea s<@i 2&r@ te@erile4 -i @
n2&rajeaD s<@i 'rses2 existenaC ani@ali2 2%'leit (e ter%areC iein( la l&@ina Dilei4
"&nt 'rea 'tr&ns (e n(%ieli i bn&ieliC (e2t s '%t arta ntr<att (e b&2&r%sC 'e 2t (e
2%nAingt& @i se 'ar a're2ierile l&i Gr&ia 2& 'riAire la sit&aia r n n%&a %rn(&ire4
)le2 (e la Bateane&@ @ai '&in a'satC 'ar2 % t net ng(&it%are ar 'l&ti (eas&'ra4 ,i(i2
tal'a @ai WO 'e tre'te s&it%areC 2&@Aa4 M n2ear2 ntr<&n *el 2Biar % Aag senintateC n
a2%r( 2& s'len(%area 2er&l&i (e @ai4 Mai @<4 n (&' a@iaDa Dilei A%i ai'i 2&'rins (e t%ate
'rile (e<&n s%@n snt%s4 -i n& @ treDes2 tresrin( (e i@aginarele bti la &4 D%r@
2teAa Ceas&ri4 MN (etea't *ii2<@eaC s2&t&rn(&<@ '&inC *%arte @iratC eN<@i *a2 n%a'te
(in DiC 2n( 'e<a*ar % aa (e 'l2&t4
X!I
A(A%2at&l Gr&ia aAea s trea2C (e a2i nainteC ai a(esea 'e Ia @ine4 Des2%'erea@ 2&
@irare i 2& btcurie 3 2 era &n @are a@at%r (e '%eDieC (e '%eDie @ai aleas3 (e2t s<ar *i
'&t&t 'res&'&neC inn(&<se sea@a (e 'reM %2&'rile sale #&ri(i2eC li is2%(ea@ s&bt t%ate
*l
/88
. era 'lin (e s&r'riDe4 n *%n(C Gr&ia era &n a@aF%r (e @<eC i el '&nea 'asi&ne n t%t 2e
2re(ea 2<i %s&<s ntre'rin(4 M inea n %ri2e 2aD n 2&rent 2& *iaC a 2rei eA%l&ie el %
&r@rea n %glin(a 2%rn 4 triil%r (e la '%st&rile (e ra(i% strineC i a 2rei btacT 'e l%2 @
%b%sea4 A(A%2at&l Gr&ia i s2l(a ns ini@a ntr<&n in(estr&2tibil %'ti@is@4 n 2i&(a t&t&r%r
de?inirilor i (e2e'iil%rC 'e 2are Aea2&l ni le 'rilej&ia la *ie2e !a43 2&ta@ s n& %'&n 'rea
@ari reDistene a!
i al !rietenului5 Marile '&teriC 2are ne An(&srI++ i a era ter@en&l a(e2Aat 'entr& @an%'erele
s2an(al%aseC 2r%ra la slFrit&l rDb%i&l&i le 2D&ser jert* at<t2a '%'%areVC l&a& 'rin
re'reDentanii l%r a&t%riDai atit&(iniC 2e se reD%lAa& (%ar ret%ri2C iar n& ist%ri24 x'ansi&nea
2%@&nis@&l&iC realiDat i@'et&%s i br&talC Aa treDi %are '&terile %22i(ent&l&i (in ex'e2tatiAa
2%@%(C n 2are 'rea& s se 2%@'la2 H )n n 2li'a (^J *alI %22i(entalii a& (%r@it 'e
la&rii jalni2i ai &n%r 2lN&D J se2reteC 2e 'e2etl&ia& n &r%'a s%arta a &na s&t @ili%ane (e
%a@eni4 Ni2i%(at n& sRa 2%@is n ist%rie % @ai @are 2ri@ (e2t a2eea (e2&rgn( (in
sti'&lai&Bile sinistrei nelegeri (e la Ialta4 5a (e attea is'rAi *r s2r&'&leC (at%rit 2r%ra
2%@&nis@&l s'%reaC instaln( r%bia 'e a treia 'arte a gl%b&l&iC %22i(ent&lC 2%n(&s (e s'irite
&t%< . 'i2e sa& (e %a@eni (e statC 2ari n& A( (e2t interesele (e [ @%@ent ale rii l%rC Aa
r@ne @ere& 2& braele n2r&2iate H O22i(ent&l 2& % naiAitate e'i2C n 2are se a@este2a
@< 2%@%(itate i %arei2are ti2l%ieC s<a trans*%r@at n &nealt a ex'ansi&nii 2%@&niste4
!a Aeni %are Di&a 2n( se Aa B%tr n sCiritC (a2 n& s n(re'te 2&@'lita stri22i&neC 2el
'&in s '&n 'i2i%r&l n 'ragC 'entr& ea 'e2inginea '@Nnt&l&i s n& se @ai ntin( H
C<&n D@bet rein&tC a(A%2at&l Gr&ia @i<a(&2e ntr<% (i@inea (e i&nieC n&@ai(e2t (&'
s%lstii&C % Aeste s%lar 3 a iDb&2nit rDb%i&l 2%reean4 Gr&ia n&<i ( sea@a (e t%ate '&terile
%2<eC 2e l&2reaD n ist%rieC (e 2n( s'irit&l K@%(ernL % *r@nt4 l as2< 2& nen2re(ere
A%rba (es're s'irit&l a*a2erist ai %22i(entalil%r i 2re(eC Car @arginiC n l%Din2ile 'ateti2eC (e
an&l n%&C ale l%r4 I Gr&ia e 2%nAins 2 rDb%i&l 2%reean @ar2BeaD n2e'& Ixtl I s%l&i%nrii
t&t&r%r @aril%r 'r%ble@e inte@at%r4rO24 l 2re(e 2 n s*rit nt%rst&ra (e2isiA s<a
'r%(&s4
/8;
Kste *r n(%ial % Aeste b&n 7L rs'&n( e&C K(ar n& ( n2 (e 2e a@ a'rin(e *%2&l @are al
nde*dilor"5 De abia r%stes2 a2este 2&Ainte i<<@i 'are ru5 Ve bl A(A%2at&l Gr&ia se @Bnea
negrit n *aa re3 erA IG?
s't@n 7V 'rin '(&rile @asiAe (e 'e (eal&rileM %
3
Ha M&re&l&iC a(i2 'rin '(&rile 2e se ntin( la Ui%ara 'n 'e la Ai&(4 KDistana (e la
Ui%ara Ai&( n& e 'rea @areC (ar A%@ 2l2a '(&rile (e<a i (e<a lat&l4 )r%*es%r&l ,are @Ra
r&gat s *a2e@ i &n a2east ex2&rsieC 22i Area s 2er2eteDe &nele la *aa l%2&l&i4 M<a r&gat
s<l ns%es2C *iin(2 a ti& (e la 2ineC 2 a2ele '(&ri a& *%st 2n(Aa tererI4<Anat%are4 A@
a22e'tat s *a2 2& el ex2&rsiaC (e
rC n& @ai snt (e ani (e Dile4 M< a stri2at i it&r%r *r&@%asel%r n%astre 'asi&ni %@eneti4 !
Aist%rC Fta t&t&i
I C @ai e Are(ni2 s&<i 'la2C ni2i *e@siieC ni2i Aina nai 'srti2jl 7 5irete 2 ni@enea n& @<ar *i