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Restricted Governing Mode of Operation

C&I TG Group (Stage I & II )


Free Governing Mode of Operation (FGMO)
FGMO - BACKGROUND
Unique frequency band of 49.0 Hz to 50.5 Hz, as specified by IEGC
Scheduling & dispatch by RLDCs/SLDCs is based on day ahead demand &
availability
Frequency control by load-generation balance in every 15 mins time block and
Wide frequency variation during Grid disturbance, Unit outage, Change in
demand, etc.
Emergencies caused due to frequency control only through importing /cutting
load by system operator

FGMO - GRID CODES
All generating units should have their speed governors in normal operation at
all times to enable Grid frequency control by loading / unloading
Droop characteristic for primary response should be within 3% to 6%
Each unit shall be capable of instantaneously picking up at least 5% extra load
for a minimum of 5 mins (up to 105%MCR), during fall in frequency
No dead bands and/or time delays shall be deliberately introduced
Facilities like load limiters, CMC, etc. shall not be used to suppress the normal
governor action
FGMO SMOOTHEN THE WIDE FREQUENCY FLUCTUATION

FREQUENCY COMPARISION
48.0
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
51.5
52.0
0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00
TIME
F
R
E
Q
U
E
N
C
Y
26/1/04 26/1/03
Source:ERLDC Website
PRE ABT REGIME
WITHOUT FGMO
POST ABT
REGIME WITH
FGMO
MAJOR ISSUES WITH FGMO IN 2004

Perpetual oscillations in critical parameters

M/C subjected to cyclic loading and fatigue
stresses

Frequent HP/LP Bypass valve operation

Continuous manual interventions

Self-defeating feature (Unloading when freq.
improving towards 50 Hz)

What is RGMO ?
Frequency profiles of power system in India has improved
significantly after implementation of ABT and the same is now
generally remains with in 49 to 50.5 Hz against pre ABT levels of 47.5
to 52.5 Hz.

The response of Governors as a first line frequency control
mechanism is practiced internationally. How ever the frequency
variations will normally be +/-0.1% to 0.2% in those countries.

Hence for our country CEA has proposed a moderated from of
FGMO(RGMO)
CERC Order
Honble CERC,vide order dated 20.08.09 has issued directions for
implementing the RGMO,relevant extracts of which are
furnished here below.
Quote:
39.In the present scenario of deficit, it is not desirable to have any
frequency response from generators by reducing generation
when frequency is rising towards 50 Hz from a lower level.
Reduction of generation would be necessary when frequency is
already above 50 Hz and tends to rise further. Therefore
suitable control logic would have to be developed to limit the
governor response to situations when frequency is rising and
grid frequency is below 50 Hz. Such a situation could be
called a restricted governor mode of operation and not total
FGMO. How ever this does not exempt the generators from
getting the free governor mode in to operational state for use
when required.
Salient features of the CERC Order
Load change is proposed to be limited to +/-5% of MCR in
the frequency range of 49 Hz & 50.5 Hz and sustained for
about 5 minutes before ramping back to original load
automatically.

Small changes up to +/- 0.03Hz are ignored for load
corrections.

For frequency below 49 Hz and above 50.5 Hz,5% droop of
the governor would be effective with load change limited to
+5% of MCR for frequency below 49 Hz and -10% of MCR
above 50.5 Hz.

Chronology of Events
Sl No. Date Event
1 20.08.2009 CERC has given an Order dated 20.08.2009 for
implementation of RGMO
2 01.03.2010 Scheduled date for putting the new scheme in to service
for Thermal Sets 200 MW and above for Software
based EHG Control System.
3 01.06.2010 Scheduled date for putting the new scheme in to service
for Thermal Sets 200 MW and above for Hardware
based EHG Control System
4 16.02.2010 Scheduled trail implementation of RGMO in Eastern
Region
OS Recommendations on RGMO
For machines with Hydraulic Governing,
the Control logic for restricted governor mode of operation will
be as follows
1. If frequency < 50 Hz, any decrease in frequency will result
in increase in generation by Governor action as per
droop(4-5%)
2. If the frequency < 50 Hz, any increase in frequency up to 50
Hz will result in no action.
3. If frequency > 50 Hz, any increase in frequency will be reset
by a slow automatic resetting command to ramp back to
MW set point @ 1% per minute.
4. A dead time of 5 to 15 minutes (Variable setting) will be
provided before the next governor action is allowed.
5. The quantum of load change may be restricted to +/-5%
from the original level.
NTPC Kaniha comments and action plan given to OS
Sl
No
IOM Ref No OS/CC/FGMO/09
For Machines with EHG Control Logic for
Restricted mode of Operation
COMMENT

i) If frequency < 50 Hz, any decrease in
frequency will result in increase in Generation
by Governor Action as per droop (4%-5%)
This is possible to be
implemented with 5% droop.
In fact this is available in the
existing logic of FGMO with a
droop of 10%.
ii) If frequency < 50 Hz, any increase in frequency
up to 50Hz will result in NO Action.
This Logic modification is
possible. To be implemented.
iii) If frequency >50 Hz, any increase in frequency
will result in decrease in Generation by
Governor Action as per droop (4%-5%)
This is possible to be
implemented with 5% droop.
In fact this is available in the
existing logic of FGMO with a
droop of 10%.
iv) The increased / decreased generation will be
reset by a slow automatic resetting command
to ramp back to MW set point @ 1% per
minute.
This is possible to be
implemented.
v) A dead time of 5 to 15 minutes (variable
setting) will be provided before the next
governor action is allowed.
It is not in line with CERC order.
NTPC Kaniha comments and action plan given to OS
Sl
No
IOM Ref No OS/CC/FGMO/09
For Machines with EHG Control Logic for
Restricted mode of Operation
COMMENT

vi)
IMPLEMENTAION SCHEDULE:
The implementation of the suggested logic vide IOM OS/CC/FGMO/09
will be implemented after getting approval from CC-OS/Engg.
However, it can be carried out during Opportunity Shutdown /
Overhauling.

ii)
TSTPS_Stage-I Units (2X500 MW)
In stage-I, the TG sets are of ABB make and Electro Hydraulic Governing
is also of ABB make. The existing scheme is enclosed. Since the CERC
order specifies only for KWU & LMZ turbines, applicability of the
same for ABB turbine may be clarified. If applicable, the same
scheme can be implemented after consultation with OEM (M/S ABB,
Germany).
Approval from Engg./ OS
NTPC Ltd.
Talcher Supper Thermal Power Project.
INTER OFFICE MEMO
From: DGM(O&M/C&I) To:1.AGM(OS/C&I)
2. HOD( PE/C&I) EOC, NOIDA
Ref: 9501/O&M/C&I/ CC: 1.ED (TK): for kind inf. pl.
2. GM (O&M): for kind inf. pl.
3. AGM (M): for kind inf. pl.
Date: 13-11-2009.
Sub: Implementation of restricted governing mode of operation; draft logic proposal
for approval reg.
With reference to above subject and IOM: OS/CC/FGMO/09 dated: Sept-10-2009,
please find enclosed the modified logic for implementing restricted governing mode of
operation. Approval from OS / Engineering is sought for the proposed scheme to enable us
to implement the same at our site as per the schedule. For point no IV and V we have faced
difficulty in proposing the scheme, this may be taken care while finalizing the logic.
Since our system falls under the category of Software based EHG system we
need to implement the same after taking all necessary approvals before 31/03/2010. This
also needs unit shutdown for implementation. Early finalization and approval will enable us
to implement the same with in schedule.
Y.M.Basavaraju
-500
-475
-450
-425
-400
-375
-350
-325
-300
-275
-250
-225
-200
-175
-150
-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
49.65 50 50.55 51.1 51.65 52.2
Frequency In Hz
L
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d

I
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c
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D
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i
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M
W
5 % Droop
50.15
Frequency dead band will be off automatically if:
1) Frequency Deviation is +/-1Hz.
2) Rate of Change of Frequency is greater than
25 rpm/sec
There is no Hydraulic Governor in Main Turbine.The Droop
characteristics implemented in EHC.
49.85 52.65
49.725
Existing Scheme in Talcher KanihaStage-I(2X500MW)
Modified scheme in Talcher Kaniha Stage-I (2X500MW)
FKG
0% = 0%
81.739% (2820rpm) = 0%
86.956% (3000rpm) = 50%
92.173% (3180rpm) = 100%
Speed Signal in
0-100% Range
(0 3450 rpm) SWI
P001=10%
E P002=112 s
ABG TY2=0 s
OG =58.33 %( 50.5Hz)
UG =33.33% (49 Hz)
Tracking @0.02Hz/Minute
Scaling the frequency from
47.0 Hz to 53 Hz.
SMU

+

K=1
-
BEG
OG = 50.5 %
UG = 49.5%


MOK K
2 Seconds

BEG
OG = 58.33 %
UG = 38.33%


ODR ODR
If frequency is between 50.03 Hz
to 49.97Hz, then O/P follows I/P.
When Load mode is ON, then O/P
will be made equal to I/P by a 2
second pulse.
Load Mode
on Shot
1 if f>50.03Hz
1 if f<49.97Hz
Finds the difference between
Tracking frequency O/P and
the actual frequency.
UMS



MAX

FIX
0%
MIN

FIX
0%
Ensuring that if
frequency > 50.03 Hz
only unloading is
allowed.
Ensuring that if
frequency < 49.97 Hz
only loading is allowed.
BEG

OG= +0.49%
UG= -0.49%
SMU
+
P006 =0.122
-
SMU

P003=16.66

BEG

OG= +5%
UG= -10%
Droop = 6%=2.77MW/RPM
P006 = 0.12 P003 = 16.66
Range converted from 47-53Hz to 0-50 Hz

New Delta Frequency
Switching between New Scheme & Old scheme
SWI
E1 GRD=100%
TY1=P005= 3 Min
ABG OG = + 100 %
UG = - 100%
UMS



UMS



TBT

R Q

S
UND

Switching between old
scheme and new scheme
depending on the grid
frequency
If Freq > 50.5Hz, SWI output is old
f will be Final output.
GOG

OG = 58.33%
P004 = HYS = 3.3%
Speed corrected
ADS
+

-
GUG

P007 = G = 2%
HYS = 0.5%
ABS
Delta frequency from
old scheme
New Delta
Frequency
Frequency
If Freq > 50.5 Hz
old delta Freq will
come into service.
If Freq < 50.5 Hz, difference between
old scheme O/P & new scheme O/P is
10 MW (2%) then only new f will
be direct O/P. Otherwise integrated
output.
Modified scheme in Talcher Kaniha Stage-I (2X500MW)
-500
-475
-450
-425
-400
-375
-350
-325
-300
-275
-250
-225
-200
-175
-150
-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25
50
49.65 50 50.55 51.1 51.65 52.2
Frequency In Hz
L
o
a
d

I
n
c
/
D
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i
n

M
W
6 % Droop
50.15
Frequency dead band will be off automatically if:
1) Frequency Deviation is +/-1Hz.
2) Rate of Change of Frequency is greater than
25 rpm/sec
There is no Hydraulic Governor in Main Turbine.The Droop
characteristics implemented in EHC.
49.8 52.65
49.725
Dynamic Correction
between 49 to 50.5 Hz
-525.00
-500.00
-475.00
-450.00
-425.00
-400.00
-375.00
-350.00
-325.00
-300.00
-275.00
-250.00
-225.00
-200.00
-175.00
-150.00
-125.00
-100.00
-75.00
-50.00
-25.00
0.00
25.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
49.4 49.55 49.7 49.85 50 50.15 50.3 50.45 50.6 50.75 50.9 51.05 51.2 51.35 51.5 51.65 51.8 51.95 52.1 52.25 52.4
Frequency in Hz
L
o
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I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
/
D
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c
r
e
a
s
e

i
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M
W
49.65 52.50
Machine Droop
5%
Existing Scheme in Talcher Kaniha,Stage-II (4X500MW)
Dynamic Correction
between 49 to 50.5 Hz
Modified scheme in Talcher Kaniha Stage-II (4X500MW)
ACTUAL
SPEED
F(X)
47-53 HZ
TRACKING
RAMP GEN
TRACKING
RATE
0.02 HZ/MIN
LIMITER
49 -50.5HZ
LIMITER
49 50.5 HZ
-
+
FREQ
DEVIATION
SWITCHING
F(X)
FREQ <49 HZ OR >50.5 HZ
FREQ <49 HZ OR>50.5 HZ
DROOP @ 5%
FREQ FILTER +/- .03 HZ
LOQD LIMIT +/- 25 MW
FOR 49<F>50.5
+25 MW TO -50MW FOR
F<49,50.5>
FREQ ON /OFF
LOAD SET
POINT P
RTD

+
+
SUM OF PR
PR MAX
LOAD
CONTR
OLLER
SELECT
0
LOAD<350 MW
DYNAMIC
FREQUENCY
ERROR





M
A
X
0 %





S
E
L
E
C
T
FREQ < 50HZ
ACTUAL LOAD
LOAD
CONTOLLER
OUTPUT
MIN
FREQ ERR STATIC

Difference between Old scheme & new scheme
Sl No. Old FGMO Scheme New RGMO Scheme
1 Machine is unloaded when the
frequency raises from a lower value
to 50 Hz.
This point is taken care in the RGMO
scheme. No unloading will be there
when frequency raises to 50 Hz.
2 Stage-I:
Frequency dead band is 0.15 Hz.
A Permanent filter of 0.05 Hz will
always be effective.
Stage-II:
A Permanent filter of 0.03Hz will
always be effective.
Frequency dead band is 0.03 Hz.
Frequency dead band is narrowed
down to 0.03Hz.
A Permanent filter of 0.03Hz will
always be effective.
3 Load correction will be there
irrespective of the frequency
raise/fall once the frequency dead
band limits are crossed.
Correction depends on the frequency
error between tracking frequency and
actual frequency.
If frequency raises/falls at a slower
rate of 0.02Hz/Minute i.e 1.2
rpm/Minute then there will not be any
load correction irrespective of the
frequency (Between 49 Hz to 50.5Hz)
New RGMO Scheme ( Stage-I Vs Stage-II)
Sl No. Stage-I RGMO Scheme Stage-II RGMO Scheme
1 There is no provision to switch
off/on the frequency influence. It is
always effective.
There is a provision to switch on/off
the frequency influence scheme by
the Desk/C&I Shift Engineer.
2 For frequencies above 50.5 Hz, old
scheme will come in to service
which unloads the machine at a
droop of 6%.
For frequencies above 50.8 Hz,
machine droop will come in to
service.
Between 49Hz & 50.8Hz the
unloading will be limited to the
technical minimum of 350 MW.
Between 49 Hz to 50.5 Hz
loading/unloading will be limited to
+/-25 MW.
For frequencies < 49 Hz & > 50.5 Hz
loading/unloading will be limited to
+50 MW & -25 MW respectively.

Implementation of the new scheme
Earlier FGMO modifications were done in Turbotrol 52 R3
processor. If any correction is to be done in the scheme, this
processor is to be removed which often becomes risky.
In Stage-I Turbotrol Panel one new 70PR03 Processor was
installed.
It takes the actual speed signal from the local bus and after
executing the new RGMO Logic, it will give the frequency
influence correction as another bus signal to TT52 Processor.
This approach facilitates easy modification of the scheme in
future.
Similar RGMO program was implemented in a Drive control
module card (83SR05) in the PROCONTROL 14 System and
the output was given in POS Operator station for parallel
observation.
Thank you

Load Set Point
Memorized
UMS

Gen Load delayed
MW controller ON
UMS

Unit SP Turbine
CMC ON
UMS

Pressure controller POS
Initial Pressure Controller
ON
MUL

LS Pressure SP Delayed
MIN

Fast Unload in action
SUM

Thermal Forced Unload
Load SEL Corrected
Turbine Speed Droop
Droop=( Speed at no load Speed at full load) x 100%
(Rated Speed)
=(3150-3000)/3000 x 100% =5%

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