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CHIMIE ANORGANIC

1. a) 7p
Reac ie
3P
4
+ 20HNO
3
+ 8H
2
O 12H
3
PO
4
+ 20NO
A= H
3
PO
4
; B=NO 1p
H
3
PO
4
+ NaOH NaH
2
PO
4
+ H
2
O E=NaH
2
PO
4
1p
2NaH
2
PO
4
Na
2
H
2
P
2
O
7
+ H
2
O (la nclzire)
F=Na
2
H
2
P
2
O
7
1p
P
4
+ 6Cl
2
4PCl
3
G=PCl
3
1p
PCl
3
+ 3H
2
O H
3
PO
3
+ 3HCl
H=H
3
PO
3
1p
H
3
PO
3
+ H
2
O
2
H
3
PO
4
+ H
2
O 1p
P
4
+ 3KOH + 3H
2
O 3KH
2
PO
2
+ PH
3
C= KH
2
PO
2
; D=PH
3
1p
b)
A F H
P
OH
OH
HO
O
P
HO
O
P
O
O
OH
O
O
Na
+
Na
+

P
OH
OH HO
:
P
OH
HO
H
O
!e!rae"ric; sp
3
!e!rae"ric; sp
3
pira#i"al sp
3
!e!rae"ric$ sp
3
3x1p
Tota 1!p
". a) 3p
H%&=1'4 &
n
H
n+4
( )*rani i &
n
H
n+6
( +i"r*)*rani
&
10
H
14
( "eca)*ran ,a- &
1.
H
21
( /-in"eca+i"r*)*ran$ &
10
H
14
e,!e +i"r-ra #ai ,!a)ila
A# B
1!
H
1$
2p
0!r-c!-ra ,e "e!er#in prin aplicarea re1-lil*r l-i 2a"e'
3310 (&) + 1314 (H)=44 elec!r*ni 22 perec+i "e elec!r*ni
10 pe pen!r- le1!-rile &H 12 pe pen!r- cl-,!er (n+2) ,!r-c!-r ni"*

1p
b) 3p
&
10
H
14
+ 30CH
3
OH + 224
2
10 &(OCH
3
)
3
+ 44H4
B=&(OCH
3
)
3
C=H4
1p
&(OCH
3
)
3
+ 4NaH Na&H
4
+ 3CH
3
O

Na
+
D=Na&H
4
E= CH
3
O

Na
+
1p
8H56-Cl
4
7 + 3Na&H
4
+ 6H
2
O 3Na&O
2
+ 86- + 32 HCl
F=Na&O
2
G=6-; H=HCl
1p
c) $p
2& + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O 8 2Na&O
2
+ 3H
2
& reac i*neaz ,-) 9*r# "e p-l)ere c- !*pi!-r ,a- ,*l- ie c*ncen!ra! "e NaOH'
1p
0i + 2NaOH + H
2
O 8 Na
2
0iO
3
+ 2H
2
0i reac i*neaz c- ,*l- ii c*ncen!ra!e ,a- c- !*pi!-r "e NaOH
0$.p
6l + NaOH + .H
2
O 8 Na56l(OH)
4
(H
2
O)
2
7 + 3:2H
2
0$.p
1
6l reac!i*neaz c- ,*l-;ii "e NaOH
& + 3HNO
3
8 H
3
&O
3
+ 3NO
2
(la nclzire) 1p
HNO
3
a!ac 0i n-#ai la ,-pra9a '
0i + 4HNO
3
c*nc' 8 0iO
2
+ 4NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0$.p
6l ,e pa,i<eaz n prezen a HNO
3
c*ncen!ra! c- 9*r#area -n-i ,!ra! "e 6l
2
O
3
care pr*!e=eaz
,-pra9a a #e!alic'
0$.p
Tota 1!p
3. 7p
a) >le#en!e
>le#en!-l c- ener1ia "e
i*nizare pri#ar cea #ai
#ic
>le#en!-l c- raza
a!*#ic cea #ai
#are
O3izii c- pr*prie! i
a#9*!ere
&e$ &$ C & &e &eO
C,$ &a$ ?a C, C,
@n$ Aa$ Ae Aa @n @nO
Aa
2
O
3
AeO
2
1$.p 1$.p 4p
)) i) 4 B &r B C B Cl
ii) NB C B O
1p
c) >ner1ia "e re ea ,ca"e n *r"inea (n <al*are a),*l-!)% ?iC D ?iCl D ?i&r D ?i4
Hal*1en-rile "e li!i- ,-n! ,*l-)ile n ap' ?iC are cea #ai #ic ,*l-)ili!a!e$ c*n,ecin a
ener1iei #ari "e re ea'
"p
Tota 1!p
a) %p
A 5P!(NH
3
)
4
75P!Cl
4
7
,area <er"e a l-i Ea1n-, e,!e c*#p-, "in "*i i*ni c*#plecFi' Ca!i*n-l p*a!e 9i
5P!(NH
3
)
4
7
2+
Fi ani*n-l 5P!Cl
4
7
2
1$.p
B cis5P!Cl
2
(NH
3
)
2
7 1$.p
C trans5P!Cl
2
(NH
3
)
2
7 1$.p
D 5P!(NH
3
)
3
Cl75P!(NH
3
)Cl
3
7 1$.p
E 5P!(NH
3
)
4
75P!(NH
3
)Cl
3
7
2
1$.p
F 5P!(NH
3
)
3
Cl7
2
5P!Cl
4
7 1$.p
)) 5P!(NH
3
)
4
75P!Cl
4
7 !e!racl*r*pla!ina!(44) "e !e!raa##inpla!in(44) 1p
Tota 1!p
&.
a) $p
Geac ie c+i#ic >3plica ii
H4 + NaC 8 HC + Na4 6ci"-l #ai !are$ H4$ "i,l*c-ie !e aci"-l #ai ,la)$ HC
"in ,Hr-rile ,ale'
C-4
2
+ 2C-C 8 C-C
2
+ 2 C-4 Cl-*r-l are carac!er *3i"an! p-!ernic Fi ,!a)ilizeazH
,!rile "e *3i"are ,-peri*are ale ele#en!el*r$ iar i*"-l
are carac!er re"-cH!*r Fi ,!a)ilizeazH ele#en!ele n ,!ri
"e *3i"are in9eri*are'
4*n-l C

e,!e * )aza !are$ n !i#p ce i*nii &r

Fi 4

,-n!
)aze ,la)e' 4*n-l C

<a pre9era C-
2+
(a9la! n re1i-nea "e
li#i!H n!re acizii !ari Fi cei ,la)i)$ iar i*n-l 4

<a pre9era
aci"-l ,la) C-
+
'
1p
1p
2
Ii4
4
+ 2 IiC
2
8 IiC
4
+ 2Ii4
2
4*n-l C

<a pre9era ,H ,e c*#)ine c- acizi !ari$ Ii


4+
$ iar
4

<a pre9era -n aci" #ai ,la) Ii


2+
'
C*&r
2
+ H1C
2
8 C*C
2
+ H1&r
2
4*n-l C

<a pre9era C*
2+
(a9la! n re1i-nea "e li#i!H n!re
acizii !ari Fi cei ,la)i)$ iar &r

<a pre9era aci"-l ,la)$


H1
2+
'
1p
1p
))
0!r-c!-ra
?eJi,
HO
Cl
..
..
:
Ken-#ire aci" +ip*cl*r*, aci" cl*r*, aci" cl*ric aci" percl*ric
pK
a
= 8.p
L
8 3 2 7
"p
Pe baza regulilor empirice ale lui Pauling, pentru un oxoacid cu formula general, O
p
E(OH)
q
, se aproximeaz
pK
a
8!p"
c) $p
H
3
PO
4
B HNO
3
B H
2
0O
4
B HClO
4
B H0O
3
C (cre !e aci"i!a!ea) 2p
?a "iz*l<area n apa a -n-i aci" !are are l*c reac ia%
H6 + H
2
O 8 6

+ H
3
O
+
Mn ap cel #ai !are aci" e,!e H
3
O
+
' Pen!r- a 9i *),er<a!a "i9eren a "e !rie "in!re "i9eri i acizi
!re)-ie -!iliza i ,*l<en i c- carac!er aci"'
2p
Tota 1!p
'.
P-nc!a
=
#eac ii c$imice %n ap P-nc!a= #eac ii c$imice %n &H
'
lic$id
(1.&p) NaNO
2
+ NH
4
Cl (a/) N
2
+ 2H
2
O + NaCl (1p) NaNO
2
+ NH
4
Cl NaCl + NH
4
NO
2
(1.&p) 61Cl(,) + NH
3
(a/)

561(NH
3
)
2
7Cl (1p) 61Cl(,) + NH
3
(l/) 61NH
2
+NH
4
Cl
(1.&p) 6l
3+
+ 4HO

56l(OH)
4
7

,a- 6l(OH)
3 (1p) 6l
3+
+ 4NH
2

56l(NH
2
)
4
7

(1.&p) 0iCl
4
+ 2H
2
O 0iO
2
+ 4HCl
H
4
0iO
4
,a- (H
2
0iO
3
)
n
(1p) 0iCl
4
+ 8NH
3
(l/) 50i(NH
2
)
4
7 + 4NH
4
Cl
(la !e#p' =*a,)
50i(NH
2
)
4
7 0i
3
N
4
(1200NC)
Tota 1!p
7. a) 2Na4O
3
+ .NaH0O
3
8 4
2
+ 2Na
2
0O
4
+ 3NaH0O
4
+ H
2
O "p
nNa4O3
# 0$1 #*l (,*l- ia "e i*"a! are c*ncen!ra ia "e 0$0.E) "p
2 #*l Na4O
3
'''''''''''''''' . #*l NaH0O
3
0$1 #*l ''''''''''''''''''''''' 3 = 0$2. #*l NaH0O
3
1p
O = 2.0 #? ,*l- ie 1E NaH0O
3
1p
)) 4
2
O
.

4
2
O
.
+ .CO .CO
2
+ 4
2
CO ( a1en! re"-c!*r
4
2
O
.
( a1en! *3i"an!
"p
c) 4
2
O
.
+ .C
2
24C
.
+ .:2O
2
"p
Tota 1!p
Tota p)ob* 7!p
3
4

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