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Balance Method
We will use convention that error is the result of the observed value minus the true value
It follows that the correction to the observed value then must have the opposite sign as the error
RR = Rod Reading
BS = Backsight RR
FS = Foresight RR
EL = Elevation
DEL = difference in elevation = BS – FS ( one setup) = ΣBS – ΣFS (involving a number of turns)
DEL = final EL – initial EL
H =H
Horizontal
i t l Di
Distance
t
Σ = summation sum of e.g. ΣBS = BS1 + BS2 + BS3 . . . + BSLast
B
At Mid Point
L/2 L/2
L
1st setup @ Mid point 2nd setup Near Peg A
A RR=aeL/2
B RR=beL/2
aeL/2-beL/2
beL/2
eL/2
bL/2
L/2 L/2
L
Move the instrument as close to the A Peg as minimum focus will allow ( usually at most a
couple of paces, sometimes less)
L
Move the instrument as close to the A Peg as minimum focus will allow ( usually at most a
couple of paces, sometimes less) Lets call this distance d
ad =what RR should be
d
L
1st setup @ Mid point 2nd setup Near Peg A
A RR=aeL/2 RR=aed
B RR=beL/2
aeL/2-beL/2
d
L
1st setup @ Mid point 2nd setup Near Peg A
A RR=aeL/2 RR=aed
B RR=beL/2 RR=bed+L
bd+L
d
L
1st setup @ Mid point
A RR=aeL/2 = aL/2+eL/2
B RR=beL/2 = bL/2+eL/2
aeL/2-beL/2 = aL/2-bL/2 \ corrected Elevation difference =DEL
L/2 L/2
L
2nd setup Near Peg A
A RR=aed = ad + ed = ad +ed
B RR=bed+L= bd+L + ed+L = bd+L + ed + eL
aed-bed+L ad-bd+L-eL = DELapp = DEL-eL
bed+L
aed =RR with error RR including Collim. Error
ed eL ed+L
B
The error over d+L (ed+l) = error over d (ed) + error over L (eL)
d (ed+L)=(ed)+(eL)
d+L
L
Example L = 60m
0 700
0.700 1 250
1.250
eL/2 eL/2
aL/2 bL/2
A
DEL = -0.550m
L/2 L/2
L=60
Example
2nd setup Near Peg A
d=2m
A RR=0.900 = ad + ed = ad +ed
B RR=1.456= bd+L + ed+L = bd+L + ed + eL
0.900-1.456= -0.556 = ad+ed-bd+L-ed-eL = DELapp = DEL-eL
1.456
0.900 =RR with error RR including Collim. Error
ed eL ed+L
Then –e1= correction to rod reading per unit of Horiz. Dist. = c = -0.0001m/m
bed+L
aed =RR with error RR including Collim. Error
ed eL ed+L
B
The error over d+L (ed+l) = error over d (ed) + error over L (eL)
d=2 (ed+L)=(ed)+(eL)
d+L
L=60
Example c = -0.0001m/m Correction to RR = H*c
2*(-0.0001)= -0.0002 = Cor. To RR aed
ad = 0.900 + (-0.0002) = 0.8998 0 0062
0.0062
bed+L=1.456
aed=0.900 =RR with error RR including Collim. Error
ed=0.0002 0.006=eL ed+L
B
The error over d+L (ed+l) = error over d (ed) + error over L (eL)
d=2 (ed+L)=(ed)+(eL)
d+L
L=60
Example
Corrected results
A ad = 0.8998
B bd+L= 1.4498 0 0062
0.0062
bed+L=1.456
aed=0.900 =RR with error RR including Collim. Error
ed=0.0002 0.006=eL ed+L
A
DEL = -0.550
B
The error over d+L (ed+l) = error over d (ed) + error over L (eL)
d=2 (ed+L)=(ed)+(eL)
d+L
L=60
Corrections
involved in 1 HF*c=cHF
setup HG*c=cHG
Corrected RR @ F = f = fe + cHF = fe+H
HF*cc
Corrected RR @ G = g = ge + cHG = ge+HG*c
Remember DEL = BS - FS
DEL from F to G = f - g = fe - ge + ((HF – HG))*c
FS
BS
fe ge
Correction
g
@ HF=cHF f
Correction
@ HG=cHG
F
G
HF
HG
HF+HG
Corrections
involved in 1 DEL from F to G = f – g = fe – ge + (HF – HG)*c
setup Then in general For any setup
DEL = BScorrected – FScorrected = BSobserved – FSobserved + (Hto BS – Hto FS)*c
DEL = BScorrected – FScorrected = BSobserved – FSobserved + (imbalance)*c
G
HF
HG
HF+HG
Correction
@ HF=cHF f
Correction
@ HG=cHG
F
G
HF
HG
HF+HG
Example HC=30.000m HD=70.000m
D
HC
HD
HC+HD
A
H1+H2