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/fli6«o ;/sf/sf] cfjZostfdfly cWoIf pk]Gb| ofbj t'ngfTds cf8 kfPklg pgLx?n] g]kfnL lbg' e Psf] 5 . dfcf] j fbL ;/sf/ cfjZos
hf]8 lbbf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ ?kn] cfkm" glhs /x]sf] ljZn]if0f hgtfsf] ;dy{g u'dfO/x]sf 5g\ cfGbf]ngn] a[xt zflGt ;Demf}tf /x]sf] egL lbPsf]
b]zsf] cfGtl/s dfdnfdf x:tIf]k ub}{ cfk"mcg's"n agfpg ef/tn] eg] gful/s ;jf]R{ rtf :yflkt ug{ pn+ 3 g u/] s f] eGb} jt{ d fg cleJolSt x:tIf]k
u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpg] ;Qfwf/L lbNnLd} af]nfPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . cfGbf] n gdf plqPsf] PsLs[ t s7k' t nL ;/sf/sf dGqLx?n] gePsf] k|r08n]
bnx? g} ;Qf ;~rfngsf nflu ef/t cfk\mgf] :jfy{l;4sf] nflu dfcf]jfbL ;a}sf ;Nnfx ;'emfj g]kfnL ;]gfsf] e"ldsf a9fpg] :ki6 kfg'{eof] .
ef/tLo lgb] { z gsf] kvf{ O { d f dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s'g}klg xfntdf kfngf ub}{ cfk\mgf sfo{qmdx?dfly atfPkl5 k|r08n] o:tf] r'gf}lt x f / ] s f
al;/x] s f 5g\ . dfcf] j fbL ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug{ glbg] kIfdf x]/km]/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . t/, ;/sf/ lbg'ePsf] xf] . JolQmx?sf]
cfGbf]ngn] ljzfn ?k lnb} hfg 5 . a? hgtfaf6 lt/:s[t dfwj eg] ;}Go zlQmdf lge{/ /xb} bdg dw] z L /fli6« o d' l Stdf] r f{ ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg
yfn]kl5 ef/tsf] gofF lgb]z
{ g kv]/{ g] k fnnfO{ x6fO{ emngfynfO{ / lg/+sz ' tflt/ hfg yfn]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/Lsf] zlgaf/b] l v agfpg] clwsf/
a;]sf u7aGwg bnx? b]zsf] Nofpg] / To;} d f kmf] / d / jftf{ / cfGbf] n g ;F u ;F u } aL/uGhdf z'? ePsf] /fli6«o Pstf gePsf] eGb}
cfjZostf / hgtfsf] rfxgfsf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ b'O÷{ b'Oj{ 6f dGqfno cufl8 a9fO/x] s f] PsLs[ t ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ k|r08n] cWoIf k| r 08n]
ljifodf /fi6« ;+3h:tf] cGt/f{li6«o lbP/ /fli6«o ;/sf/ eGg nufpg] dfcf]jfbLn] cfGbf]ng yk ;zQm g]kfnL ;]gf s;}sf] klg k]p6] /fli6«o ;/sf/sf]
;+:yfn] af]n]sf] s'/fnfO{ x:tIf]k of]hgfdf ef/t nfu]sf] a'lemPsf] agfpFb} cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . @$ gePsf]n] cfkm"x?n] ;f]r]sf] dfq} ljsNk g/x] s f]
eGb} crDdsf] /fli6«o :jfledfg 5 . pQm s'/f emngfyn] ef/tdf ut] sf7df08f}+ gfsfaGbLb]lv @^ x' G 5 eg] / g;f] R g jt{ d fg atfpg' e of] . hgtfn] 5fg] s f n8]sf] dfcf]jfbL ;w}+ hgtfsf
b]vfPsf 5g\ . af]ns ] f s'/fx?af6 klg k'li6 x'G5 . / @& ut] nfvf}+ hgtf ptf/]/ ;/sf/sf dGqLx?nfO{ ;' e mfj k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ;/sf/df n}hfg kIfdf /xg] atfpF b } cfkm" x ?
b] z df cfGbf] n gsf] /fk To;f] geP ef/t cfk\mgf] k'/fg} l;+ x b/af/ 3] / fpmsf] sfo{ q md lbg'eof] . dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng ePsf] pNn]v hgtfsf cufl8 3'F8f 6]Sg tof/
tfltPkl5 ;/sf/sf] g] t [ T j bnfn kfq sfFu|];nfO{ cl3 ;f/L dfkm{t\ /fi6«kltsf] sbd ;Rofpg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf dxf;lrj ub}{ k|r08n] xf/]sfx?n] ;/sf/ /xg] t/ jt{dfg ;/sf/sf cufl8
ul//x]sf] Pdfn]sf cWoIf emngfy dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g]t[Tj lng glbg] / ;+o'Qm /fli6«o ;/sf/ agfpg jfg sL d'gn] g]kfnsf] af/]df rnfP/ g]kfnsf] Oltxf;nfO{ g} slxNo} gem' S g] c7f] 6 JoQm
vgfn PSsf;L ef/t bf}l8g'sf] if8\oGqdf nfluk/]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] ;Qf kIfnfO{ Jofks hgbafa xfn} lbPsf] k|ltlqmofnfO{ ;/sf/ snlÍt agfPsf] l6Kk0fL ug'e{ of] . ug'e
{ of] . dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n]
/x:o la:tf/} v'Ng yfn]sf] 5 . ;f]xL lgb]{zg af]s]/ emngfy / lbg] tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . hgtf ;dly{t bnn] lj/f]w ug'{sf] s'g} dfcf] j fbLnfO{ cnUofP/ gofF cfkm"x?nfO{ cnUofpg] if8\oGq
vgfnn] ef/tdf /xFbf g} s'g}klg pk]Gb| g]kfn cfpg] a'lemPsf] 5 . / ;} G o zlQmdf ljZjf; ug] { cf}lrTo g/x]sf] atfpFb} cWoIf ;+ljwfg aGg g;Sg] / ;+3Lotf eO/x]sf] eGb} tL if8\oGqx?nfO{
xfntdf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/sf] dfcf] j fbL ;xdltdf ef/tLo cnu–cnu zlQmx? aLrsf] of] k| r 08n] ;a} b] z sf] ;femf klg sfod x'g g;Sg] atfpFb} k/f:t ug{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;a}
g]t[Tj ug{ lbg g;lsg] atfpg'n] l8hfOgsf] ;+oGqleq ;xdltdf åGådf cGttM km} ; nf hgtf ;+u7gsf cWoIfn] af]ns ] f] s'/fnfO{ k|r08n] c? bnn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ hgtfn] ;fy lbg] ljZjf; JoQm
g} ;f] e|d0fsf] /x:o v'n]sf] xf] . gcfP an k|of]u ug]{ / ;d:of ug]{5g\ . kl/0ffdtM b]zLljb]zL /fhgLlts x:tIf]k b]Vg] t/ cGo cnUofP/ u0ftGq / ;+3LotfnfO{ ug' { e of] . kf6L{ n ] yfn] s f]
otf u7aGwg bnsf tkm{ a f6 ;dfwfg ug{tkm{ geO{ b]znfO{ s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf if8\oGqsf/L afXo zlStn] ;/sf/ kl/jt{g nTofpg vf] h ] s f] cf/f] k cfGbf]ngnfO{ bdg ug]{ r]i6f u/]
ef/tsf] cflz{jfb yfKg lbNnL d'7e]8lt/ n}hfg]tkm{ u7aGwg of]hgf ;a} elTsP/ hfg]5g\ . u/fpg] v] n v] N bf r' k nfUg] nufpg'eof] . u0ftGqsf nflu To;af6 pTkGg — af“sL * k]hdf
k|n;] bfªn] ‘alxª\uf’ k|sfzg ug]{ ‘kxn’sf] ljdf]rg afbL dlxnfsf] pTyfgsf nflu ;f9] $% nfv
fxL÷k|ultzLn n]vs ;+3,
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fxL÷kxn ;flxlTos uf]ljGb v8\sf÷bfª dlxnfx?af6 hGd]sf aflnsfx?sf] u/]sf] x'g'kg]{, aRrfsf] kf]if0fo'Qm
g]kfn bfªn] ;+3sf] jflif{s d'vkq k|ultzLn ;flxTosf/x?df cg'/f]w q}dfl;ssf] kfFrf}+ c+s zlgaf/ 3f]/fxLdf 3/jf/ljxLg bfªsf ! ;o (% k9fO{ vr{sf nflu % nfv $) vfgfdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ nufotsf
…alxËfÚ k|sfzg ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;+3sf] u/]sf] 5 . Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L ljdf]rg xhf/ /sd 5' 6 \ o fPsf] dlxnf ;t{x? kfngf u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
zlgaf/ 3f]/fxLdf a;]sf] a}7sn] alxËf ;fy} a}7sn] cfufdL d+l;/ !# ul/Psf] 5 . klqsfsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs jfbL ;d' b fosf dlxnfx?nfO{
k|sfzg ug]{ lg0f{o u/L ;Dkfbs ut] 3f] / fxLdf ;' A af s[ i 0fnfn o1axfb'/ 8fFuLsf] cWoIftf Pj+ dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no bfªn] 3/ ljsf; sfof{non] atfPsf] 5 . ;DkGg afbL ;d' b fosf
d08n;d]t u7g u/]sf] 5 . clwsf/Lsf] ! ;o @#cf}+ hGdhoGtL k|sfzs÷;Dkfbs /fdk|;fb h};Lsf] ljsf; of]hgf sfo{qmdcGt{ut $% k|To]s jif{ !% hgf aflnsfnfO{ dlxnfx?nfO{ eg] of] ;'ljwf 5}g .
;+3sf cWoIf /fdk|;fb h};L / k'; # ut] t'n;Lk'/df ;+3sf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf k|dv ' nfv $* xhf/ /sd 5'6\ofPsf] dfl;s # xhf/sf b/n] /sd lbg] vfg gk'u]s} sf/0f b]xJofkf/df
k|wfg ;Dkfbs /xg'ePsf] ;Dkfbs !&cf}+ :yfkgf lbj; Pj+ g]qnfn cltly jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ lul//fh zdf{n] 5 . hLpgsf nflu s' g } k] ; f u/]sf] dlxnf ljsf; clws[t k|ef nfu]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;Lkd"ns
d08ndf s]zj yfkf, z/b Ct', cefuLsf] ^^cf}+ hGdhoGtL dgfpg] klqsfsf] ljdf]rg ug'e{ Psf] xf] . gePkl5 b]xJofkf/ nufotsf >]i7 cf]nLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . tflnd / cGo cfocfh{ g df
e'jg b]jsf]6f, l8NnL dNn, efg' lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L a}7sn] ;+:s[lt ljz]if c+ssf] ?kdf hf] l vdk" 0 f{ sfo{ ug{ afWo ;f]xL sfo{qmdcg';f/ k|To]s dlxnf ljsf;n] nufgL ug]{ ePsf]
hLPd, 6Lsf a:g]t, 5ljnfn sf]lknf :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df k|To]s jif{ k|sflzt kxnsf] lul//fh zdf{ / pgLx?nfO{ cfocfh{gsf ;Lksf] afbL dlxnfn] cfocfh{gsf nflu 5 . of] sfo{qmdn] a+u'/kfng,
/ /Ltf 1jfnL /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] ;flxlTos k|ltef ;'zLn uf}tdn] ;ldIff ug'e{ Psf] lyof] ljsf; u/fO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] !% xhf/ ?k}ofF kfpg] clws[t l;nfOs6fO{, sDKo'6/ tflndh:tf
;Nnfxsf/ ;Dkfbsdf kBk|;fb zdf{, k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug{sf] nflu k|ltef eg] sfo{qmddf PsLs[t g]skf / :yfoL a;f] a f; u/fpg] cf]nLn] atfpg' eof] . To;sf cfocfh{gsf sfd u/]/ cfk\mgf]
s]Pn kLl8t / ;'/]z;'dg 8fFuL 5gf}6 ;ldltsf] klg u7g u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL bfªsf ;]qm]6/L ;'jf; k'g, p2] Z on] dfcf] j fbL g] t [ T jsf] nflu s]xL ;t{x? ePsfn] To;nfO{ hLjg ;xh agfpg] / ;Ddfgsf
/xg'ePsf] 5 . cfufdL k'; # ut] ;+3sf cWoIf /fdk|;fb h};Lsf] /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf cWoIf …;–;t{ gub x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmdÚ ;fy cfkm\gf] Joj;fo ug{ kfpg]
x'g] ;+3sf] :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df ;+of]hsTjdf u7Lt k|ltef 5gf}6 k'?iff]Qd vgfn, k|n;] sf s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] 3/ ljsf; of] h gf
ljdf]rg ul/g] ;flxlTos klqsf ;ldltdf ;+3sf ;Nnfxsf/ k'?iff]Qd ;b:o kBk| ; fb zdf{ , >Ls[ i 0f sfo{qmd NofPsf] xf] . sf] gfd lbOPsf] clws[t cf]nLn] 5g\ . of] sfo{qmd dlxnf ljsf;
…alxËfÚsf] nflu cfufdL d+l;/ klxnf] vgfn / ;+3sf /fli6«o kfif{b\ zdf{nufotn] klqsfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] sfo{ q mdcGtu{ t b] x Jofkf/ atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], sfof{no cfkm}n] rnfpg] / ;f]em}
xKtfleq cfkm\gf n]v /rgfx? ;'/z] ;'dg 8fFuL /xg'ePsf] 5 . sfdgf ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . u/] / hLjg u' h fg{ afWo …h;sf] 3/af; g} 5}g p;n] dfq nlIft ju{ ; Dd k' U g] ePsfn]
of] /sd kfpF5 .Ú dlxnfsf gfddf ljleGg
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{ f] ;f/ cfqmd0f ;kmn ug{ lj|u]8 ;x–sdf08/ x'g'x'G5 ._ ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] ;'/ tfn
csf]{ p“rfO{df p7fpg] qmddf c;O{n] bËfsf] . bËf k'ln;n] xfdL ;lsG5 eGg] g} lyof] . l/kf]6s { f] x' g ' x ' G Yof] . afof“ ;fO8sf]
xfd|f] sfFwdf bfloTj / cleef/f bËf xf}+ egL 3d08 ub{y] eg] cfwf/df cfqmd0f ug]{ of]hgfnfO{ P;fN6df s=ls/0f, bfof“ ;fO8df xfd|f dfg:k6ndf ;'gfOPsf] 5
klg a9\ b } cfO/x] s f] lyof] . ;O{n] rf}sLsf] O{Grfh{ d x'“ egL Ps?kn] kf; u/]/ ;a} tof/L k"/f s=;'Gb/sf] P;fN6 lyof] . cGo pgs} :jfy{df nfnlot
a8fn]sdf a:bfa:b} xfdL;F u 3d08 ub{ Y of] . cfk;L u/L a8fn]saf6 lbp“;} hËn}–hËn P;fN6x?sf] cf–cfºg} cfs{ lyof], pgs} kIfdf ;l/s
df}h't # cf]6f Knf6"gnfO{ hf]8]/ c;dembf/Lsf sf/0f pgLx?sf] lxl8of] . hËnd} kfgL glhs ePsf] xfd|f] u|k' cfs{df k'us] f] @) ldg]6 ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] ;~hfn
Pp6f sDkgL :t/sf] kmf];{ agfO{ k|lt/f]wL dfgl;stf u'Db} uO/x]sf] 7fp“ 5fgL SofDk agfP/ a:of}+ . eO;s]sf] lyof] . b'Zdgn] k6s– ;dfhdf oqtq lj5\ofOPsf] 5
cfºgf] cg's"ntfdf Pp6f k|x/L lyof] . pgLx? Hofg s;/L xfdL;“u /f;g ;KnfO{ ug]{ >f]t k6s # ;]n] 6r{nfO6 3'dfp“b} o'uf}b+ l] v dfg]s} t lyof}+
kf]i6nfO{ 5fg]/ cfqmd0f u/L arfpg] eGg]df dfq ;Lldt lyP . lyPg . hgtfd} lge{/ lyof}+ . rf/}lt/ b]vfp“b} lrRofO/x]sf] ;a} rLh To;}nfO{ 7fg]s} t lyof}+
xltof/ sAhf u/]/ hg;]gfnfO{ ;+Vof / xftxltof/sf] lx;fan] To;lbg hËndf a;fO{ ePsfn] lyof] . kf]i6 glhs}sf] Pp6f
;z:q agfpg' lyof] . kmf}+hL zlQmdf b]lvPklg k|lt/f]wsf] nflu xfdL;“u /f;g lyPg . ufp“af6 ! 3/df v's'/L bnn] /S;L vfP/ k/Gt' v} s] eof] <
?kdf b'ZdgnfO{ alnof] emfk8 pgLx? tof/ lyPgg\ . @% hgfsf] d'/L ds} lsg]/ NofO{ pl;g]/ vfof}+ . xNnf ub}{ lyof] . xfdL eg] cfºgf] ToxL k'/ftg ;+:s[ltaf6
lbg' k g] { kf6L{ s f] lgb] { z gnfO{ ;+Vof /x]sf pgLx?;“u @@ yfg /ftL cf/fd;“ u ;' t ] / ef] l n cfs{df se/ lnP/ pb\3f6g ;w}+ ;f:tL kfOPsf] 5
;Dej / Uof/] 0 6L agfpg /fO{kmn df}h't x'“bfx'“b} klg xltof/ laxfgb]lv u|k' ljefhg / xltof/ kmfo/sf] kvfO{df lyof}+ . /fOkmn ef], ca To;sf] abnfdf dnfO{
s]lGb|s[t # cf]6} Knf6"gsf] 'O' rnfpg] dgf]an lyPg . pgLx? ljGof; u/L gS;f cWoog ug]{ / b'Zdgsf] a+s/lt/ ;f]Efm\ofP/ gofF ;+:s[lt rflxPsf] 5
u'|ksf] a}7s a;L s]xL lg0f{ox? hgtfnfO{ ;'/fsLsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/fpg] ;fy} ;a} u|k' nfO{ sf]lrª o'4sf] tof/L kf]lh;gdf kmfo/
lnof}+ . tTsfn sfof{Gjogsf] ug{ anhk\mtL ug]{, ;'/fsL ug{ ug]{ sfd ;'? eof] . ;+u7gsf x'gl] alQs} kf]i6nfO{ w"nf]lk7f] kfg]{ 3';vf]/b]lv e|i6frf/
nflu d'Vo @ cf]6f lg0f{ox?dWo] gdfGg]nfO{ b'Mv lbg], s]xL ;'/fsLsf] sd/]8x?n] ufp“af6 ux's “ f] /f]6L / dgl:yltdf 38L x]/]/ a;]sf cGofob]lv cTofrf/
To; lhNnfdf kg]{ kf]i6x?sf] l/kf] 6 { s f] e/df u' 0 8fx?sf] g'g v';f{gL lk;]/ Nofpg'eof] . Toxf“ lyof}+ . ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f agfOPsf] 5
cWoog ug] { , bf] ; | f ] kmf} + h L nx}nx}df nfUg]h:tf sfd uy]{ . k|z:t e};L kfNg] rng ePsfn] ha 38Lsf] ;'O{ !! cÍsf] ljs[lt / Jolerf/
sfjf{ x Ldf ;] g fsf] dgf] a n Toltdfq x} g , dlxnfx?nfO{ £o" dgUo] vfg kfOGYof] . lbp“;f] ;f+s]lts lrGxdf 5'g yfN5 zf]if0f bdgsf sfF8t] f/
a9fpg zf/Ll/s cEof; ug]{, anfTsf/ ug's { f ;fy} u'KtfËdf n¶L # ah];Dd ;a} sfd k"/f u/]/ ;a]/} rf/}lt/af6 Ps}k6s cfsfz–
cGo Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lhNnfn] sf]Rg]h:tf kfunkg / ax'n¶Lk"0f{ vfgf vfO{ ;f“emsf] % ah] hËnsf] kftfn yls{g] u/L kmfo/ z'? cg]s lje]b v8f u/fOPsf] 5
tof/L ug]{ eGg] eof] . lqmofsnfkn] ubf{ hgtfsf] gh/df af6f] x'b“ } sfjf{xLsf] nflu cfºgf] x'g yfN5 . b'Zdg 9Ng]hlt gbLsf] jxfj;Fu} au]s} t lyof}+
dflysf oL sfdnfO{ ;“u– pgLx? lu/] s f dfq lyPgg\ ;fdfg af]s/] cf“wL t'kmfgsf] j]udf 9Nof], ar]sf ;a} a+s/af6 bf}8/] p;s} of]hgfdf /x]s} t lyof}+
;“u} Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ sfo{ lbgk|ltlbg sdhf]/ aGb} uO/x]sf d]3h:t} ulh{b} o'4sf] x's “ f/;lxt 3/leq k:g uP . Psl5g k/Gt' v} s] eof] <
ljefhg ul/of] . STF sdf08/ lyP . rf} y f] sf/0f hgd' l Qm xfdL ! 306f 6f9fsf] af6f] kf/ /fO{kmnsf] kmfo/af6 w'd–wdsf Tof] ;+:s[ltsf] pkxf/df
s=kf;fËsf] g]t[Tjdf xKtf lbg] ;]gfnfO{ Toxf“ /]8 ug{sf] nflu u/L c“Wof/f] x'g] a]nfdf Pp6f rNof] / rf/}lt/af6 r]g s:b} htf;'s} a]OdfgL e]6fOPsf] 5
zf/Ll/s cEof; z' ? ug] { , cg' s " n e" u f] n klg lyof] . ufp“sf] glhsdf k'Uof}+ . Toxf“af6 k|x/LnfO{ plDsg glbg] u/L ef], ca To;sf] abnfdf dnfO{
sld;f/ sd/] 8 n] ;] g fnfO{ cfqmd0f u/]/ h'g;'s} af6f]af6 xfd|f] 6fh]{6 7fpFdf k'UgnfO{ @ 3]/faGbL ul/;s]kl5 xltof/
/fhg}lts / j}rfl/s?kn] k|lzlIft kmfn]/ cfTd;dk{0f u/L Hofg gofF ;+:s[lt rflxPsf] 5 .
agfO{ o'4df hfg cfTdut ?kn] rf/}lt/af6 r]g s:b} k|x/LnfO{ plDsg glbg] u/L arfpg sf;g u¥of}+ . ToxL“ k'Vof}n { L k/Dk/fut rfndf
tof/ kfg]{ sfd eof] . STF sf ;dodf cfsfzaf6 xfQL;'“8] b]jL Bf}tfn] af]n]sf] 5ndf
;]S;g sdf08/ / ;]S;g ;xfos 3]/faGbL ul/;s]kl5 xltof/ kmfn]/ cfTd;dk{0f kfgL kg{ z'? u¥of], k|x/Lsf] a+s/ ;+:s[ltnfO{ k5\ofOPsf] 5
sdf08/x?n] lhNnfdf cjl:yt sAhf u/L 3'8“ f–3'8“ f;Dd 6\ofgn
Ps–Ps cf] 6 f k| x /L kf] i 6df u/L Hofg arfpg sf;g u¥of}+ . ToxL“ ;dodf / a+s/sf] kfgLdf 8'a/] pgLx?sf] :ju{ / gs{sf e|dhfndf
cWoog u/]/ HQ df l/kf]6{ cfsfzaf6 xfQL;'8“ ] kfgL kg{ z'? u¥of], k|x/Lsf] uf]nLsf] k|jfx g} gu/L cbDo k'gMk[YjLd} kms{g] sf]nfxndf
Nofpg], cf–cfºgf] lhDdf k/]sf] ;fx;sf ;fy nl8/Xof}+ . Toltv]/ hgtfnfO{ aNemfOPsf] 5
sfd k"/f ug{ ;a} u'|kx?df $ a+s/ sAhf u/L 3'8“ f–3'8“ f;Dd 6\ofgn / a+s/sf] nfUYof] xfdL dxf;d/sf] ofqf k/Gt' d'Gw'd xf];\ of k'/f0fdf
b]lv % hgf;Ddsf] l6d agfP/ kfgLdf 8'a/] pgLx?sf] uf]nLsf] k|jfx g} gu/L k"/f ub}{5f}+ . kfgL k/]sf] df}sf jfOan xf];\ of s'/fgdf
b'idgsf] kf]i6df cWoog ug{ 5f]kL b'Zdgn] cfTd;dk{0f ug{ p;s} ehg ufOPsf] 5
a8fn]saf6 lx8\of}+ . s=/fh]z / cbDo ;fx;sf ;fy nl8/Xof}+ . Toltv]/ nfUYof] l9nf u/]sfn] bf];|f]k6s ad / ef] To;sf] abnfdf dnfO{
d]/f] sdf08df kf“rsl6of k|x/L dfO{gaf6 cfqmd0f u¥of}+ . Tof]
rf}sLnfO{ cWoog ug]{ lhDdf xfdL dxf;d/sf] ofqf k"/f ub}5 { f}+ . cfqmd0fsf] ;fdgf ug{ g;s]/ gofF ;+:s[lt rflxPsf] 5 .
cfPsf]n] cfkmgf] u|'knfO{ lnP/ kf]i6O{Grfh{ ;O{ / Pshgf c;O{ wgf9\ox?sf] km"lt{kmflt{l;t
xfdL hËn}–hËn l8ufufp“df klg kf; x'g ;lsg], cfqmd0f 306fdfq nfUYof] . cfwf 306f kf]i6af6 lg:s]/ efUg yfn] . pRr cfo;|f]t x'g]sf] ljnfl;tfl;t
uP/ a:of}+ . ef]lnkN6 laxfg} ug{sf] nflu ;]N6/ klg ldn]sf] /f]nsfn u/L sld;f/ sd/]8sf] ;O{nfO{ sld;f/ sd/]8n] s7fnf]
p7] / Toxf“ a f6 psfnf] r9L 7fp“df ePsf] / b'ZdgnfO{ lhTgsf] /fhg}lts lgb]{zg / sdf08/ ;dft]/ sJhfdf lng'eof] eg] hf]l8Psf] kfZrfTo ;+:s[lt leq\ofOPsf] 5
kf“rsl6of rf}sL glhs}sf] Pp6f nflu cfTdljZjf; ePsf] oL sd/] 8 sf] kmf} + h L sf;g kfP/ c;O{nfO{ efUg'kb}g{ xfd|f] s;};u“ ef]sf gfËfnfO{ tdf;f b]vfP/
ufp“df k'u]/ kf]i6df b'Zdgsf] ljljw sf/0fn] /fhg}lts / kmf}hL b'Zdgsf] lsNnf Wj+; ug{ cToGt} JolQmut b' Z dgL 5} g elg a]/f]huf/nfO{ dx+uLdf km;fP/
;+Vof / To;sf] ultljlw a'‰of}+ . b'a} If]qdf a9LeGbf a9L kmfObf pT;fxsf ;fy xfdL lk7\od“" f emf]nf, sAhfdf lnP/ ;DemfpF b f dgf]/~hgdf cfly{s af]em af]sfOPsf] 5
xfdL kf]i6b]lv dfly hËndf uP/ x' g ] ePkl5 To;} n fO{ d' V o sf“wdf /fO{kmn, sDd/df lu|g8] / ;Demfp“ b } pN6} lk:tf] n af6 l8:sf], ¥ofk cf} kksf gfddf
b"/ljgåf/f k'ln; kf]i6sf] cWoog lgzfgfdf kfl/Psf]] lyof] . xftdf dfOgn] ;z:q eO{ P;fN6 kmfo/ u/L efUg yfn]kl5 p;s} cfw'lgs cf8Da/L /demddf
u¥of} + . cWoogdf ef} u f] l ns nxf“ k'ln; kf]i6nfO{ d'Vo u'k| sf] cfwf/df kmd]; { g ldnfP/ l;kfxLn] rnfPsf] uf]nL nflu ljs[ltdf hgzlQm 8'afOPsf] 5 .
cj:yf, b'Zdgsf] kf]i6sf] cj:yf 6fh]{6df kf/]kl5 ljleGg u'|kx? ufp“af6 cf]/fnf] em¥of}+ . ;O{sf] b'vb lgwg eof] . afFsLn]
p;sf] ultljlw / Toxf“ ; Dd ljefhg u/L lbg/ft /SsL - c“w]/L /ft, afbnsf] df};dn] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] x'“bf Pp6f ef], To;sf] abnfdf dnfO{
/fltdf /SsLdf k'Ugsf] nflu cWoog_ ug]{ sfd ;'? eof] . d]/f] ubf{ af6f] s]xL klg b]lvb}GYof] . rf}/df nu]/ /fhg}lts Snf; gofF ;+:s[lt rflxPsf] 5 .
dx;'/ lgzfgfx? 5fGg] sfd k"/f u|k' n] k"j{ lbzfaf6 /ftdf /SsL ;a} 7fpF cGwsf/n] 5fPsf] efg lbO{ v's'/L bn a;]sf] 3/df
u/] / ;] N 6/lt/ lkmtf{ eof} + . u¥of] . /SsLdf b'Zdgsf] kf]i6 x' G Yof] . cfsfzdf k6s–k6s ;'tfof}+ . ;r{ u|'kn] !( yfg
;] N 6/df cfP/ ;a} l/kf] 6 {
x]8Sjf6{/df k]z u¥of}+ . xfdL
glhs};Dd k'u/] ;a} cWoog u/L
b'ZdgnfO{ cfqmd0f ug]{ se/;d]t
lah' n L rlDsg] / d] 3 ulh{ g ]
eO/xGYof] . ToxL lah' n Lsf]
y|Lg6y|L /fO{kmn, ! yfg dfph/
lk:tf]n, ! yfg l/eNj/, ef/L
gof“ hgjfbL qmflGt
a8fn] s df al;/x] s } ;dodf 5fg]/ kmls{of] . cGo u|k' klg cfºgf] k| s fzdf @÷$ sbd cufl8 dfqfdf uf] n Lu¶f / o' 4 gd"gf tfdfª
l/Dgfdf k'ln; kf]i6 k'gM :yfkgf sfd k"/f u/]/ sfof{nodf kmls{of] . a9\Yof}+, cGo ;dodf 5fd5fd ;fdu|Lx? sAhf u¥of] . v's'/L afws kxf8x?nfO{ eTsfpb}
ePsfn] s=;Gb]zsf] u'k| l/DGfflt/ To;a]nf;Dd a8fn]sdf ;~rfng 5'd5'd u/L cufl8 a9\b} lyof}+ . bnsf] gfd lgzfgf d]l6of] / kmf]x/ sl;+u/x? aufp““b}
nfUf] / ToxfF s f] ;a} ultljlw ePsf] zf/Ll/s cEof; clGtd af6f]df h:tf];'s} sl7gfO{ ePklg cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf ;O{, c;O{ n'6fxf / ;fdGtjfbnfO{ ysf{p“b}
cWoog u/]/ cfpg'eof] . s]xL cj:yfdf k'us ] f] lyof] . af“sL @ xfd|f] Pp6f dfq rfxgf lyof] ls / k'ln;x?nfO{ v's'/L bnsf] xl/ofnL jghËn / nfnLu'/f“;n]
lbgkl5 rf/}lt/af6 cWoog ug{ lbg yk]/ ;]gfsf ;a} sdf08/ / kf6L{sf] of]hgfnfO{ alnbfg lbP/ sk8fx? cf]9fOlbof}+ . o'4df ;';lHht g]kfndf
uPsf] ;a} 6f]nL kmls{of] / k'gM ;b:ox?n] /]8, dfOlgª / PDa';sf] ePklg k" / f ug] { . slxn] s f“ x L 3fOt] ePsf k' l n;x?nfO{
bf];|f] k6s 'O' u|'ksf] a}7s nflu cfqmd0f ug{ s;/L cufl8 c“Wof/f]df cf“vf gb]lvPsfn] ?vdf k| f ylds pkrf/ ul/lbof} + . uf}/Lz+s/ d':s'/fPem}+
a:of] . rf}tkmL{ ;f]rL ;DemL, a9\g] / k5fl8 s;/L kmls{g,] se/} / sfGnfdf 7f]lSsg hfGYof}+ t/klg cfqmd0fdf ;fGbf/ ljho cfpm l56} hgjfbL qmflGt g]kfndf .
gfktf}n u/L nxf“ k|x/L kf]i6nfO{ se/ lnP/ s;/L cufl8 a9\g,] cK7\of/f]sf] k|jfx g} gu/L cufl8 xfl;n u/L ef/L dfqfdf sAhf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4df
d'Vo lgzfgfdf kf¥of}+ . nxfF se/ kmfo/ s;/L ug]{, kmfo/ nlDs g} /Xof}+ . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ul/Psf xftxltof/ / o' 4 dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyLo ljrf/n]
kf]i6nfO{ d'Vo 6fh]{6 agfpg'sf] ul/;s]kl5 se/ s;/L abNg], cfºgf] cfs{df k'u]/ b'Zdg;“u ;fdu|Lx? af]s]/ xfdL ;'/lIft
vf; sf/0f lgDg lyof] M klxnf], s:tf] cj:yfdf a]g/g / 8s/gdf s;/L le8\g] < p;nfO{ s;/L :yfglt/ nfUof}+ . xfd|f]tkm{ s'g} cfuf]sf] Hjfnf jGg] zlQm 5 ltdL;+u
Tof] kf]i6 cGo kf]i6sf] t'ngfdf bu'{g], slta]nf qmfplnª ug]{, sAhf u/]/ xltof/ vf]:g] < dgdf klg Iflt ePg . pgLx?tkm{ $ dxfg zxLbsf] /utsf] Oltxf;
w]/} xTofdf ;+nUg lyof] . bf];|f], qmfplnªdf klg lncf]kf8{, ls6]g ljrf/ p7\g] uYof]{ . cfs{df !)M$% hgfsf] d[ T o' ePsf] lyof] . sfod ug]{ ljwL 5 ltdL;+u
Tof] kf]i6sf] cf8df hgo'4nfO{ / lr qmfpn s'g–s'g cj:yfdf df k'lu;Sg] / /ftsf] 7Ls !! lbgel/ Pp6f hËndf a;]/ /ft To;}n,]
bafpg / k| e fjxLg kfg{ k|of]u ug],{ s:tf] cj:yfdf ;f]em} ah] Ps};fy cfqmd0f ug]{ ;Nnfx k/]kl5 Toxf“af6 lx8\of}+ . ef]s– hgtfsf] d'6s ' f] 9's
' 9'sL ag]/
sf“u; ]| sf] lgb]z
{ gdf u7g ul/Psf] x'“Os]/ b'Zdgsf] a+s/df k'Ug] / ePsf] lyof] . xftdf 38L x]b}{ ef] s } /ftel/ lx8] / laxfg cfpm l5§} hgjfbL qmflGt g]kfndf .
tyfslyt\ …v's'/L bnÚ gfdsf] p;nfO{ ;/k|fOh lbg], b'Zdgn] 3]/f xtf/–xtf/sf ;fy vf]nf t/]/ pHofnf] x'g] a]nf Pp6f ;fgf]
ck/flws lu/f]xsf] Pp6f hTyf tf]8g\ ] sf]lz; u¥of] eg] / cufl8 psfnf] r9\of}+ . b'Zdgsf] hlt ufp“df cf/fd u¥of}+ . sfjf{xL ;lxbsf] /utn] /Qmd'5n ] ufp“ a:tLdf
a;]/ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ b'Mv a9\of] eg] s;/L /f]Sg], kf;j8{ glhs k'Ub} lyof}+ TolQs} ca o'4 ;kmn u/]sf] lbg ;a}n] Ps÷Ps k|/] 0ffsf] k'~h ag]/
lbb} cfO/x]sf] lyof] . t];|f], Tof] s'g ;dodf k|of]u ug]{, cfºgf] lhltG5 eGg] s'/fdf klg 9'Ss cf]6f /f]6L vfP/ lbg s6fPsf ljsf;sf] nx/ rln/x]sf] 5
kf]i6 Psk6s lj:yflkt eP/ u|k' nfO{ lrGg s'g vfn] ;+st] ug{] x'b} lyof}+ . b'Zdgsf] kf]i6nfO{ ;fgf] lyof} + . o;/L #÷$ /ftsf] /fhtGqsf] cGTo ePklg
k' g M:yf{ k gf ul/Psf] lyof] / cflb OToflbsf] af/]df tflnd ef}lts 3]/fsf] ?kdf lnP/ p;nfO{ lx8fO{kl5 e]/L gbLsf] lsgf/
sdhf]/ lyof] . a+s/ / 6\ofgnx? u¥of}+ . csf]{lt/ xfd|f] cfGtl/s d';f] h:t} 7fgL cfqmd0f ug]{ hultk'/df cfof}+ . tLg gDa/ cjz]if cem} afFsL g} 5
klg /fd|f];“u agfPsf] lyPg . tof/L klg clGtd cj:yfdf ;f]“rsf ;fy d]/f] P;fN6 u|'k Knf6'g;“u ToxL“af6 kmf6\of}+ . Ps km'Ng nfu]sf] sf]lknfnfO{ aLr}df lgdf]7\g ;S5
k'ln;x? sRrL 3/df a;]sf k'lu;s]sf] lyof] . tf] l sPsf] ;doeGbf % ldg] 6 gDa/ / @ gDa/ Knf6" g n] hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqsf] lgdf{0f ug{
lyP . hgkb k|x/Lsf] ;O{ / ;a} tof/Lsf] clGtddf k'uk] l5 cufl8 cfºgf] cfs{df k'Uof] . d]/f] sDd/df lrGgfx? af“w]/ e]/L ljb|fx] sf] Hjf/ef6f af]s/]
bËfsf] c;O{ ePsfn] pgLx?aLr t];f| k] 6s 'O' u|k' sf] a}7s a:of], P;fN6 u|'kdf s=/f]zg -ufdsf] gbL kf/ u/L ?s'd lhNnfdf cfpm l5§} hgjfbL qmflGt g]kfndf .
emu8f a9\b} uO/x]sf] lyof] . /SsL u'k| sdf08/x?af6 cf–cfºgf kmf} + h L sfjf{ x Ldf zxfbt_ / k|j]z u¥of}+ . @)^% ;fpg $
jif{ !!, c+s $*, @)^^ sflt{s @@ ut] cfOtaf/ %
gfRb} ufpFb}
cfGbf]ng pT;j
dgfpFb}
5d5dL u0ftGq cfPsf] a]nf
gfRb} hgtfnfO{ ub}5
{ g\ x]nf
;a} ldln n8f}+ x} oxL a]nf
kmf]6f] kqsfl/tfsf
g/]Gb| s];L
k|fs[lts ;|ft] sf] pkof]u g} gof“ g]kfnsf] cfwf/ j}slNks kmf]6f] 5 ls 5}g < qmdzM
cl:y/tf / s' z n /fi6« g fos clg pTkfbg, ;+/If0f clg pkof]u u/L laqmL
hgpQ/bfoL of] h gfsf] cle;fk 5 ljt/0f ug{ ;lsof] eg] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf]
b]z, hgtf / /fli6«otfk|lt uDeL/ / OdfGbf/ /fi6«gfos kfP/ b]zdf xfdL;Fu . /fi6« / /fli6«otfsf] ;jfndf eljio w] / } 6f9f 5} g . ef} u f] l ns
lbuf] zflGt / /fhg}lts l:y/tf :yfkgf ug{ ;lsof] eg] ;fFlRrs} v8]/L k/]sf] dfq} 5 xfdLnfO{ . ljljwtfcg';f/ df6f] ;'xfpFbf] cGg v]tL,
dfn kfP/ klg rfn gkfPsf] eg] kmnk'mn tyf t/sf/L v]tL, hl8a'6L v]tL
k|fs[lts ;|ft] , ;fwg, h}ljs tyf ef}uf]lns ljljwtfk"0f{ xfd|f] b]z s'g} h:t} ePsf] 5 xfdLnfO{ . xfdL;Fu h] 5 ug{ ;lsof] / ljleGg vfgLsf] pTvgg\
lbg zlQm ;DkGg ag]/ ljZjdf gofF 9+un] pbfpg ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ gsfg{ To;sf] ;xL ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsof] eg] ug{ ;lsof] eg] g]kfnnfO{ rf8} g} ljsl;t
;lsb}g\ . t/, ljb]zL k|es ' f] cflzjf{b / ;xof]u ljgf of] b]z rNg} b'O{ 9'ËfaLrsf] t?n eP/ xf]Og xfdL d'n'ssf] bfFhf]df k'¥ofpg ;lsg] 5 .
;fFlRrs} ;+;f/sf] zlQmzfnL / ljsl;t slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf] …s:t'/Ln]
;Sb}g eGg] bnfn tyf k'/fgf lrGtg af]ss ] f zf;sx?sf] xftdf /fi
/fi6«sf gful/s eP/ afFRg kfpg] y'k}| ul/jg 8'nL vf]H5 cfk\mg} ;'uGwÚ eGg]
z+s/ e§/fO{ /fHo;Qf ;~rfngsf] rfaL kl//Xof] eg] of] s'/f c;Dej 5 . cfzfsf 7fpF / cfly{s cfwf/x? /x]sf sljtfsf] k+lQm h:t} xfdLn] xfd|f] b]zsf]
5g\ . dfq} ;xL gLlt / of]hgf rflxPsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ lrGg g;sL
ljZjsf] dfglrqdf hGdb} :jtGq sdhf]/ dgf]j1} flgs ljrf/af6 k|l] /t ePsf] cb"/bzL{ zf;ssf] egfO{ . b]z zlQmzfnL 5 xfdLnfO{ . k'/fgf zf;ssf] a'emfO{ / ;+ ; f/e/L cfly{ s cj;/sf] vf] h Ldf
/ ;fj{ef}d Pl;of dxfb]zsf b'O{ 7"nf dflgG5 eg] dfcf]jfbLsf] ljrf/ ;fxl;s, g t e"uf]n 7"nf] xFb' d} f x'G5 g t slx dgf] l j1fgk| l t bof hfu] / cfpF 5 . ef}tfl//x]sf 5f}+ . of] cToGt} b'Mvk"0f{ ljifo
dxfzlQm /fi6« ef/t / rLgaLr ljZjsf] pT;fxk"0f{ / b"/bzL{ a'emfO{ dflgG5 . b]z, st} ;Ldf ghf]l8sg 5'§} /xFbd } f . gj],{ lsgeg] ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf a9L k|fs[lts xf] . xfdLn] xfd|f] b]zsf] df6f] lrGg g;s]/
If]qkmnsf] )=)# k|ltzt e"–efu cf]u6]sf] hgtf / /fli6«otfk|lt uDeL/ / OdfGbf/ :jLh/Nof08 eGg] b]z g]kfneGbf ;fgf ;|f]t ;fwgn] el/k"0f{ b]z s;/L b'O{ vf8L d'n'sx? hf] Pp6f ?v pdfg{ aiff}{
xfd|f] b]z g]kfn k|sl[ tsf] j/bfg dflgG5 . /fi6«gfos kfP/ b]zdf lbuf] zflGt / 5g\ . pQ/ sf]l/of, hfkfg eGg] b]z 9'ËfaLrsf] t?n x'g ;S5 < Ps ca{eGbf d]xgt ug{k' 5{ . lt d?e"ld h:tf d'ns ' df
k|fs[lts tyf h}ljs ljljwtfn] ;DkGg /fhg}lts l:y/tf :yfkgf ug{ ;lsof] eg] g]kfneGbf ef}uf]lns lx;fan] 7"nf 5g\ a9L hg;+Vof /x]sf] ef/t / ;jf ca{eGbf bf; / u'nfdL aGgdf g} uj{ u5f}{ t/
of] b]z ef}uf]lns lx;fjn] tLg If]q ;fFlRrs} k|fs[lts ;|ft] , ;fwg, h}ljs tyf t/ lt b]zsf] t'ngfdf xfdL ev{/} !(cf}+ klg a9L hg;+Vof /x]sf] pbodfg zlQm xfdL cfkm}n] cfkm}nfO{ lrGg ;ls/x]sf
lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{df ljeflht 5 . ef}uf]lns ljljwtfk"0f{ xfd|f] b]z s'g} lbg ztfAbL kf/ u/]/ @)cf}+ ztfAbLdf cfOk'us] f /fi6« rLgsf] aLrdf k|s[ltsf] j/bfg xfd|f] 5} g f} + . k' / fgf zf;sx?sf] lrGtg
b]zsf] ljsf;sf nflu oL If]qsf] cfly{s zlQm ;DkGg ag]/ ljZjdf gofF 9+un] 5f}+ / ev{/b} l] v ljsf;sf] s v /f k9\g b]z g]kfn 5 . xfdL s;/L sdhf]/ x'g ;+:sf/nfO{ bz{g dfg]/ cfk\mgf] b]znfO{
/ ;fdl/s lx;fan] cToGt} dxTj pbfpg ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsb}g\ . z'? u/]sf 5f}+ . t/, lt b]zx? xfdLeGbf ;S5f}+ < dfq} xfd|f] /fHo ;+oGq sdhf]/ /f]u, ef]u, zf]s / xl/s+ufnsf] k|foM dfg]sf
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