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PUMP

200722120
Contents


Introduction

Types of pumps

Shaft seal




Introduction
Objective of Pumping System
Transfer liquid
Circulate liquid
Used for
: Domestic, commercial, industrial and agricultural

: Municipal water and waster water services
Introduction
Main Pump System Components
Pump
Prime movers
Piping
Valves
Other fittings, control, instrumentation


Introduction
Head
The height at which a pump can raise liquid up


= 10



H : head [m]

P : pressure [kg/
2
]

SG : specific gravity

Introduction
Head
Static head


Introduction
Head
Friction head : Resistance to flow in pipe and fittings



Friction
head
Flow
Introduction



Introduction
Pump Operating Point


Flow
Head
Static
head
Pump performance curve
System
curve
Pump
operating
point
Introduction
Pump Performance Curve


Introduction
System Curve


System
head
Flow
Static head
Friction
head
System
curve
System
head
Flow
Static head
Friction
head
System
curve
Introduction
Pump Operating Point


Flow
Head
Static
head
Pump performance curve
System
curve
Pump
operating
point
Introduction
Cavitation
Bubbles inside the pump
Damage & Loss of capacity


Introduction
Cavitation How to prevent
Lower the temperature
Raise the level in the suction level
Change the pump
Reduce motor RPM if possible



Introduction
NPSH
Net Positive Suction head
Must be calculated to prevent cavitation
NPSHr & NPSHa
NPHSa > NPSHr * 1.3

Types of Pumps
Pump
Dynamic
Centrifugal
Mixed flow
Axial
Positive
Displacement
Rotary
Internal gear
External gear
Lobe
Vane
Reciprocating
Types of Pumps
Dynamic
Conversion of Energy


Positive
Displacement
Displacement
Centrifugal pump

Rotating impeller

Centrifugal pump

Rotating impeller
Centrifugal force
Centrifugal pump
Specific speed (

)
The speed a geometrically similar impeller would need to
operate in order to deliver 1L/s of fluid at a head of 1m.
Used to
- Comparing different pump designs
- Determine the efficiency of the pump
- Predict NPSHr
Centrifugal pump
Specific speed (

0.5

0.75

N : speed of the pump in RPM
Q : flow rate (
3
/min )
H : total dynamic head (m)
Centrifugal pump
WHP
(water horsepower)
The energy imparted to
the water by a pump



BHP
(brake horsepower)
The input power needed
at the pump shaft
Centrifugal pump
WHP & Pump efficiency
() =

36.8

: Discharge flow rate (


3
/)
H : Head (/
2
)

=


Centrifugal pump
36.8?
1 = 102

0.0001
2

0.36
=

0.36

102

36.72



Centrifugal pump
Affinity law

1
=

2
1

1
=

1
2

1
=

1
3

Centrifugal pump
NPSHr
Net Positive Suction head required
The minimum pressure required to keep the pump
from cavitating


Centrifugal pump
NPSHr

= 0.82

0.5

4
3
+0.60
Usually determined experimentally

Centrifugal pump
NPSHa
NPSHa = Hp + Hz Hf + Hv Hvp Ha
Hp : Absolute pressure on the surface of the liquid
Hz : Vertical distance between the surface of the liquid and the centerline of
the pump
Hf : Friction losses
Hv : Velocity head ( Often not included as its nomarly quite small
Hvp : Absolute vapor pressure of the liquid at the pumping temperature
Ha : Acceleration head




Rotary pump

Rotary action

Rotary pump

Rotary action

Reciprocating pump

Reciprocation of piston plunger
Viscous fluids and oil wells

Gas transportation machine
Fan, Blower, Compressor, Vacuum pump

Gas transportation machine
Specific speed (

0.5
(

)
0.75

N : speed of the pump in RPM
Q : flow rate (
3
/min )
p : total pressure (mmAq)
r : specific weight (/
3
)
Vacuum pump
Device that removes gas molecules from a sealed
volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum.
= [ /]
P : pressure (torr)
S : exhaust velocity (L/s)
: volumetric efficiency =


Vacuum pump

1
=

2
1+

2

m : polytropic index
: void ratio
Example 1
1.5
3
3500 .
, 0.9~1.1.

.
=
.
.

.
= .


N : speed of the pump in RPM
Q : flow rate (
3
/min )
H : total dynamic head (m)


Example 2
200, 3.2

3
?
= 0.785

1000
2
= 0.785 3.2
200
1000
2
= 0.1
3


Example 3
Piston 20cm, Crank 50cm, 20rpm

3
? , 0.98.

Example 3
Piston 20cm, Crank 50cm, 20rpm

3
? , 0.98.

2

2
+

2

=

4
(2
2

2
)

: [
3
]
D : Piston [m]
d : Rod [m]
N : Crank
L :
Example 3
Piston 20cm, Crank 50cm, 20rpm

3
? , 0.98.

Example 3
Piston 20cm, Crank 50cm, 20rpm

3
? , 0.98.

2

2
+

2

=

4
2
2

2

=

4
2
2

2
2
=

4
2 0.2
2

2
2 0.5 20
= 15.7 0.08
2


Example 3
Piston 20cm, Crank 50cm, 20rpm

3
? , 0.98.

=


Q =


= 0.98 15.7 0.08
2

= 15.4 0.08
2


Example 4
10Kg/s .
114 , 75%
HP ?
() =

36.8

: Discharge flow rate (


3
/)
H : Head (/
2
)

=


Example 4
10Kg/s .
114 , 75%
HP ?
10 = 10

3
1000

3600
1

= 36
3


[
2
] = 0.1 = 0.1 114 1
= 11.4
Example 4
10Kg/s .
114 , 75%
HP ?
=

36.8
=
3611.4
36.8
= 11.152

: Discharge flow rate (


3
/)
H : Head (/
2
)

=

=
11.152
0.75
= 14.869 Kw
Example 4
10Kg/s .
114 , 75%
HP ?
1 = 0.746
= 14.949 HP
BHP = 19.932 HP
Example 5
20 1750 rpm Fan 155mmAq,
240
3
. Fan ? Fan
1650 rpm 200mmAq .

3
min ? , 20 1.205

3
.

0.5
(

)
0.75
=
1750240
0.5
(155 1.205)
0.75
= 709
N : speed of the pump in RPM
Q : flow rate (
3
/min )
p : total pressure (mmAq)
r : specific weight (/
3
)

Example 5
20 1750 rpm Fan 155mmAq,
240
3
. Fan ? Fan
1650 rpm 200mmAq .

3
min ? , 20 1.205

3
.
709 =

0.5
(

)
0.75

= 709

0.75

2
= 709
200
1.205
0.75
1650
2
= 394
3

Example 6
1 .
760mmHg abs, = 0.0646, polytropic index m =1.3
.

1
=

2
1+

=
760
(1+0.0646 0.0646)
1.3
= 19.896

2

m : polytropic index
: void ratio

Shaft seal



Shaft seal



Shaft seal
Forms a barrier
Influences performance
Shaft seal
Type of shaft seals
Mechanical Shaft seal
Mechanical Shaft seal
Mechanical Shaft seal
Mechanical Shaft seal
References
UNEP(2005). Pumps & Pumping systems.
How to design a pump system. Retrieved from
http://www.pumpfundamentals.com
Centrifugal pumps. Retrieved from
http://www.learnengineering.org
GRUNDFOS(2009). Mechanical shaft seals for pumps.
Lev Nelik(1999). Centrifugal and rotary pumps : Fundamentals with
applications.
, (2000),
, (2011),

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