Butnariu Gianina

Ciubotaru Dana-Oana
Muat Laura
An II Biologia dezvoltrii
RELATII INTERSPECIFICE PLANTA- ANIMAL;
ZOOCORIA
Zoochoria





Reprezinta modul principal de diseminare a
diasporilor cu ajutorul animaleler. Acestea pot juca
un rol activ-endozoochorie,si cel mai important, sau
un rol ,pasiv-exozoochorie.

ENDOZOOCHORIA

In acest caz,diasporul (fructul sau samanta)
cuprinde intotdeauna o parte suculenta,alimentara
pentru animalul frugivor(pericarpul unei
bace,mezocarpul unei drupe,receptaculul unei frage s.a.)
si ale caror seminte,samburi sau achene aruncate cu
excrementele,germineaza usor,invelisul lor fiind adesea
digerat partial in cursul trecerii prin tubul digestive al
animalelor.
Parus major
Pasare rinocer
Sylvia atricapilla
Viscum album(fruct
cu samanta)
Turdus viscivorus
Ursul brun
Excremente ce contin
seminte nedigerate
EXOZOOCARPIA

Pe aceasta cale sunt raspandite mai cu seama
fructele uscate,mai rar direct semintele pevazute cu
formatiuni speciale.In toate cazurile,fructele sunt
prevazute cu un sistem de agatare,macroscopic sau
microscopic,care permit fixarea de parul ,picioarele
sau de penele animalului si in felul acesta sunt
transportate la distante foarte mari.Iata cateva
dintre aceste formatiuni:

bractei vascoase,cu extremitatea recurbata,ale calatidiului
de la brusture(Lappa major)si de la alte compozee


Arctium lappa
Arctium lappa(detaliu)
Ciulin de Baragan
Galium aparine (turita, lipicioasa)


-spini microscopici in forma de harpoon,numite si glochidii de
pe achenele de la Cynoglossum officinalis-limba boului
stilul acrescent si indoit care insoteste achenele de Geum urbanum-
ceretel

varfurile microscopice ale tegumentului semintei de Agrostemma githago-neghina
tepii de pe fructele unor umbelifere (Daucus carota-morcov),rubiacee(Galium-
turita,sanzaiene),compozee(Xanthium-holera),boraginacee(Lappula-lipici
Xanthium sp.
Daucus carota(morcov)
Tribulus terestris(coltii babei)
Blana de animal cu spinii de Tribulus
terestris
Animale participante la exozoochorie
Sciurus carolinensis (veverita)
Furnica
Cricetus sp.
Cartita
Soarecele de camp



Incepand cu coloniile initiale difuzarea semintelor se
face mai cu seama prin intermediul omului -
ANTROPOCHORIE . Este o certitudine ca omul
participa in mod activ sau pasiv, prin diferite mijloace de
transport la diseminarea semintelor acestei plante (se lipesc
de talpa pantofilor). O alta cale de raspandire a semintelor
este cea prin intermediul cailor si a mijloacelor de transport
: soselele ( agatate de pneurile camioanelor si ale
tractoarelor sau de uneltele si masinile agricole), caile
ferate, caile fluviale.

Antropocoria
Antropocoria
Va multumim pentru atentia
acordata!
Bibliografie
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