YAMANI /ZAILY 1

Sequential Circuit
Introduction to Counter
Asynchronous Counter - Ripple
Asynchronous Down Counter
Synchronous Counter Parallel
Synchronous Counter Up/Down
Designing Synchronous Counter
Counter with Parallel Load

YAMANI /ZAILY 2
Sequential Circuit
Contents
Register Introduction
Simple register
Register with parallel load
Shift Register
Shift Register Serial In/Serial Out
Shift Register Serial In/Parallel Out
Shift Register Parallel In/Serial Out
Shift Register Parallel In/ Parallel Out
Two way shift register
Random Access Memory
YAMANI /ZAILY 3
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Introduction
Counter is a circuit which cycle through state
sequence
Two types of counter
Synchronous counter (e.g. parallel)
Asynchronous counter (e.g. ripple)
Ripple counter let some flip-flop output to be used
as clock signal source for other flip-flop
Synchronous counter use the same clock signal for
all flip-flop
YAMANI /ZAILY 4
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Asynchronous Counter (Ripple)
Asynchronous Counter : flip-flop doesnt
change condition simultaneously because it
doesnt use single clock signal
Also known as ripple counter because clock
signal input as ripple through counter
YAMANI /ZAILY 5
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Asynchronous Counter (Ripple)
Example: 2-bit ripple counter
Output from one flip-flop is connected to clock input for the
next flip-flop MSB
YAMANI /ZAILY 6
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Asynchronous Counter (Ripple)
Example: 3-bit ripple counter

YAMANI /ZAILY 7
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Asynchronous Counter (Ripple)
Example: 4-bit ripple counter (negative edge triggered)

YAMANI /ZAILY 8
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Asynchronous Down Counter
The previous example is up asynchronous counter
Down asynchronous counter count from large to zero and
repeat
Example: 3-bit binary down counter
YAMANI /ZAILY 9
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Asynchronous Down Counter
Example: 3-bit binary down counter (MOD 8)
YAMANI /ZAILY 10
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Synchronous Counter (Parallel)
Synchronous counter: flip-flop with the same synchronous
clock signal
We can build synchronous counter using process to design
sequential circuit
Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-
flop or JK)
YAMANI /ZAILY 11
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Synchronous Counter (Parallel)
Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-
flop or JK) cont.
YAMANI /ZAILY 12
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Synchronous Counter (Parallel)
Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-
flop or JK) cont.
YAMANI /ZAILY 13
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Synchronous Counter (Parallel)
Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-
flop or JK) cont.
YAMANI /ZAILY 14
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Synchronous Counter (Parallel)
Example: 2-bit synchronous binary counter (using T flip-
flop or JK) cont.
YAMANI /ZAILY 15
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Synchronous Counter (Parallel)
Example: BCD Synchronous Counter
YAMANI /ZAILY 16
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Synchronous Counter (Parallel)
Example: BCD Synchronous Counter
YAMANI /ZAILY 17
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Up/Down Synchronous Counter
Up/Down Synchronous Counter: two way counter which
able to count up or down
Up/Down control input line which determine the counter
Up/Down = 1 (count up)
Up/Down = 0 (count down)
YAMANI /ZAILY 18
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Up/Down Synchronous Counter
Example: 3-bit Up/Down Synchronous Counter

YAMANI /ZAILY 19
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Up/Down Synchronous Counter
Example: 3-bit Up/Down Synchronous Counter (cont)

YAMANI /ZAILY 20
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Designing Synchronous Counter
See sequential logic lecture notes
Example: 3-bit Gray Code Counter (using JK flip-flop)

YAMANI /ZAILY 21
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Designing Synchronous Counter
3-bit Gray Code Counter: flip-flop input

YAMANI /ZAILY 22
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Designing Synchronous Counter
3-bit Gray Code Counter: logic diagram

YAMANI /ZAILY 23
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Counter with Parallel Load
Counter with Parallel Load able to
Count at different condition
Count in different sequence
For increment/decrement function


YAMANI /ZAILY 24
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Counter with Parallel Load
Different method to get MOD-6 counter
YAMANI /ZAILY 25
Sequential Circuit: Counter
Counter with Parallel Load
Counter with 4-bit parallel
load
YAMANI /ZAILY 26
Sequential Logic
Contents
Register Introduction
Simple register
Register with parallel load
Shift Register
Shift Register Serial In/Serial Out
Shift Register Serial In/Parallel Out
Shift Register Parallel In/Serial Out
Shift Register Parallel In/ Parallel Out
Two way shift register
Random Access Memory