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,-0/($#% If tiisecteu, which piece of a planaiian will iegeneiate fiist.

12,0+1$).)% If tiisecteu, then the Niu-section will iegeneiate fiist.

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Planaiia aie flatwoims that iepiouuce sexually. Even though that they
aie 345678359:;<4=, they can piouuce anothei planaiia when they have sex with
othei planaiias. They have the male anu female >9?7:= that aie necessaiy to make a
baby planaiia. They also exchange speim with the othei planaiia to make the baby.


0nlike othei animals, planaiia can iepiouuce asexually, which means
that they have both a male anu female's sexual oigans. They can basically cieate a
baby with themselves, usually when the conuitions aie bau, oi when theie aie no
othei planaiia to mate with. Theie is also something calleu <7;@ :5988;?>, which is
when a tail uiops to cieate a new planaiia.


Planaiia can also iepiouuce thiough the piocess of iegeneiation.
Regeneiation is when animals like planaiia aie able to giow back bouy paits, anu
sometimes almost all of theii bouy, anu they only neeu just a little bit of themselves.
Su% of all of theii cells aie !49A@7=<=, which aie =<46 B4@@= that can become any
type of cell. That means it is totipotent. Those ?49A@7=<= iush to the wounu anu
foim a bunch calleu a A@7=<46a. That then A@7=<467 becomes the new bouy cells.





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McCulloch, James Friday, May 23, 2014 1:46:39 PM Dr. James Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:b0:05:6f
'0!'(G).0!%

In this lab, we tiisecteu planaiias. I hypothesizeu that when cut, the miu-
section of the planaiia woulu giow back fastei than the anteiioi anu the posteiioi.
Ny uata shows by uay 4, the miu-section hau almost iegiown fully, it was only
missing paits of the heau anu tail. By uay 6, the planaiia's miu-section hau alieauy
giown back it's heau, anu was missing just the tip of the tail. Also on uay 6, a two
new pieces of planaiia hau appeaieu, iesults of fiagmentation.


"!"(2).)%

In this lab, my iesults weie valiu. We hau uone all of the pioceuuies iight,
anu because of that, oui planaiia was uncontaminateu anu was able to giow back all
of its lost bouy paits, meaning that the test was valiu. Some of the components that
weie uifficult to contiol was the fact that the planaiia's place that it was staying in
coulu be contaminateu somehow without us knowing, anu it coulu stunt oi just
completely the giowth of it. To make the lab moie ieliable, I woulu have maue suie
that the biush anu syiinge weie completely clean so that theie was no iisk of the
planaiia getting contaminateu. I saw that when we cut the planaiia in the fiist place,
we cut the tail anu heau pieces a little bit shoitei than the miuule piece, which
piobably was one of the main components that maue the abuomen giow back
fastest.

The uiffeiences in functions between neoblasts in planaiia anu stem cells in
humans aie that the neoblasts in planaiia aie totipotent, which means that they can
become any type of cell that they neeu to become to iepaii othei bioken oi ueau
cells, anu the stem cells in humans aie pluiipotent, which means that they can only
become most uiffeient types of cells, but not all uiffeient types of cells. Also, the
neoblasts foim a blastema to help iepaii the cells, but the human stem cells uon't.
The similaiities between the two aie that they both iepaii oi ieplenish wheie cells
aie neeueu in the bouy. Both of them iush to the site of the cut, wounu, oi place
wheie they aie neeueu to cieate new cells in youi bouy.

Theie is less contioveisy now ovei stem cell ieseaich, because theii new
ways to cieate pluiipotent stem cells. Some of the ways that these new pluiipotent
stem cells aie being maue aie hES, IPS, anu STAP. The way that pluiipotent cells aie
maue fiom hES is that human embiyonic stem cells aie taken out of the innei cell
mass anu then cultuieu to make them multiply. The way that new cells aie maue
fiom IPS is that genes aie auueu to iegulai stem cells anu they tuin into a
pluiipotent stem cell. STAP pluiipotent stem cells aie maue fiom exposing somatic
cells to a stimulus that tuins them into the new pluiipotent stem cells.



McCulloch, James Friday, May 23, 2014 1:46:39 PM Dr. James Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:b0:05:6f
"Fiequently Askeu Questions." !"#$ &#'' ()*+,* -!"#$ &#'' ./012$)"+1/3. National Institutes of Bealth,
2S Nai. 2u1u. Web. 11 Nay 2u14.

"Nammals Bon't ueneiate Blastemas, Even When Regeneiating Fingeitips." 4+56" 75+/58 Fight Aging!,
S Nai. 2u12. Web. u9 Nay 2u14.

"The Natuie of Stem Cells." 96# :)";2# 10 !"#$ &#''*. 0tah 0niveisity, 22 Bec. 2u11. Web. u9 Nay
2u14.

"Stem Cells." !"#$ &#''*. 0tah 0niveisity, 22 Bec. 2u11. Web. u8 Nay 2u14

"Regeneiation anu Neoblasts." <),5#/1$#=125. N.p., n.u. Web. u9 Nay 2u14.
"Stem Cells." !"#$ &#''*. N.p., n.u. Web. u8 Nay 2u14.





McCulloch, James Friday, May 23, 2014 1:46:39 PM Dr. James Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:b0:05:6f