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This document provides details of the design of a 6 meter span culvert at kilometer 6/0 of the Vemuladeevi channel in Pedalanka, India. It includes calculations for determining the design discharge, fixing the bottom of deck level and dimensions of structural components. Design parameters, loading patterns and combinations as per IRC codes are considered. Foundation depth is kept below maximum scour depth. Reinforced concrete is used for the deck slab, dirt wall, abutments and raft foundation, with steel reinforcement designed as per strength and code requirements.
This document provides details of the design of a 6 meter span culvert at kilometer 6/0 of the Vemuladeevi channel in Pedalanka, India. It includes calculations for determining the design discharge, fixing the bottom of deck level and dimensions of structural components. Design parameters, loading patterns and combinations as per IRC codes are considered. Foundation depth is kept below maximum scour depth. Reinforced concrete is used for the deck slab, dirt wall, abutments and raft foundation, with steel reinforcement designed as per strength and code requirements.
This document provides details of the design of a 6 meter span culvert at kilometer 6/0 of the Vemuladeevi channel in Pedalanka, India. It includes calculations for determining the design discharge, fixing the bottom of deck level and dimensions of structural components. Design parameters, loading patterns and combinations as per IRC codes are considered. Foundation depth is kept below maximum scour depth. Reinforced concrete is used for the deck slab, dirt wall, abutments and raft foundation, with steel reinforcement designed as per strength and code requirements.
00mts span culvert at 6/0 KM of Vemuladeevi channel
Name of the work:-Road from R&B Road to SC colony of Pedalanka. Construction of 6.00mts span culvert at 6/0 KM of Vemuladeevi channel Name of the work:-Road from R&B Road to SC colony of Pedalanka. The design of 1V-- 6.37m right span culvert is carried as per the procedure out lined below:- Step1:- The design discharge was fixed after arriving discharge based on the following methods:- a.As per the hydraulic particulars furnished by the Irrigation department b.By Area-Velocity method using Manning's equation for arriving at the flow velocity and area by considering actual cross-section of the channel. Step2:- a.Hydraulic particulars like HFL,OFL are obtained from Irrigation department. b.Bottom of deck level was fixed based on HFL and road formation levels on both sides. The vertical clearence and afflux are verified. c.Ventway calculations are done for fixation of ventway. d.Normal scour depth with reference to HFL was calculated using Lacey's equations e.After arriving at the Maximum scour depth,bottom level of the foundation was fixed below the maximum scour depth Step3:- After arriving at bottom of deck level,bottom of foundation level and required ventway,the dimensions of the bridge are finalised. The structural components are desined in the following manner:- a.As per the recommendations of IRC 6:2000,IRC class A live load required for bridges and culverts of medium importance is selected. b.Load combination is selected as per IRC 6:2000 c.Based on the trial pit particulars and soil test reports,type of foundation was selected. d.The structural components like Abutment,raft foundation are designed as per the guide lines given in relevent IRC codes. e.The deck slab is proposed as per the MOST drawing Nos.BD 1-74&BD 2-74 f.The dirt wall is proposed as per the drawings given in Plate No.7.25 of IRC:SP20-2002(Rural roads manual) Design Philosophy:- I)Design Parameters:- Clear Right Span = 6.00m Deck slab length = 6.740m Width of the carriage way = 5.50m Thickness of deck slab as per MOST Dg.BD 1-74 = 0.515m Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075m Height of railing = 1.200m Thickness of dirt wall = 0.30m Sectional area of dirt wall = 0.360sqm Thickness of RAFT footing = 0.50m Height of abutments = 1.804m (As per hydralic calculations) Top width of abutments = 0.690m Bottom width of abutments = 2.00m Sectional area of abutment section = 2.426sqm Bank side batter of abutment = 1.310m Stream side batter of abutment = 0.000m Width of 1st footing = 2.30m Thickness of 1st footing = 0.30m Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.15m Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.15m Width of 2nd footing = 2.45m Thickness of 2nd footing = 0.30m Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.30m Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.15m Width of 3rd footing = 0.00m Thickness of 3rd footing = 0.00m Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.00m Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.00m Width of VRCC RAFT footing = 6.55m Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing = 0.60m Type of bearings = No bearings proposed Unit weight of RCC (y rc ) = 25KN/cum Unit weight of PCC (y pc ) = 24KN/cum Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y) = 18KN/Cum Unit weight of water (y w ) = 10KN/Cum Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q) = 30 Design of Abutments = 54.04 Slope of back fill (b) = 0 Angle of wall friction (q) = 15 Height of surcharge considered (h 3 ) = 1.20m Road crest level (RTL) = 2.577m Low bed level (LBL) = 0.477m High flood Level (HFL) = 1.477m Bottom of foundation level (BFL) = -0.923m Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC) = 6.00t/sqm = 25.00N/sqmm Yield strength of steel (f y ) = 415.00N/sqmm Cover to reinforcement = 50.00mm II)General loading pattern:- As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the bridge or slab culvert:- 1.Dead load 2.Live load 3.Impact load 4.Wind load 5.Water current 6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings 7.Buoyancy 8.Earth pressure 9.Seismic force 10.Water pressure force As per clause 202.3,the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the above loading combination. III)Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:- 1.Dead Load:- i)Self wieght of the deck slab = 238.64KN ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment = 49.50KN iii)Self weight of wearing coat = 34.76KN 322.90KN There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions Self wieght of the abutments upto bottom most footing based on the preliminary section assumed:- Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In degrees)(in clock wise direction)(a) Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Strip footing (f ck ) iv)Self wieght of the abutment section = 320.23KN v)Self wieght of top footing = 91.08KN vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing = 97.02KN vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing = 0.00KN viii)Self wieght of 4th footing = 0.00KN 508.33KN ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment S.No Description Load in KN Moment 1 Back batter(W1) 155.97384 1.127 175.78 2 Centre portion(W2) 164.30832 0.345 56.69 3 Front batter(W3) 0 0 0 320.28216 232.47 Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.73m Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment = 0.270m Distance of centroid of load from toe of abutment W1 W1 x)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 1st footing S.No Description Load in KN Moment 1 Back batter 155.97384 1.277 199.18 2 Centre portion 164.30832 0.495 81.33 3 Front batter 0 0 0 4 1st footing 91.08KN 1.15 104.74 411.36216 385.25 Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.94m Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing= 0.210m xi)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing Distance of centroid of load from toe of 1st footing S.No Description Load in KN Moment 1 Back batter 155.97384 1.427 222.57 2 Centre portion 164.30832 0.645 105.98 3 Front batter 0 0.3 0 4 1st footing 91.08KN 1.300 118.4 5 2nd footing 97.02KN 1.225 118.85 508.38216 565.8 Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 1.11m Eccentricity = 0.115m xii)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing S.No Description Load in KN Moment 1 Back batter 0 1.427 0 2 Centre portion 0 0.645 0 3 Front batter 0 0.3 0 4 1st footing 0 1.00 0 5 2nd footing 0 0.93 0 6 3rd footing 0 0.00 0 0 0 Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.00m Eccentricity = 0.000m 2.Live Load:- As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance are to be designed for IRC Class A loading. GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern Distance of centroid of load from toe of 3rd footing Distance of centroid of load from toe of 2nd footing Distance of centroid of load from toe of 2nd footing 2 . 7 t 2 . 7 t 1 1 . 4 t 1 1 . 4 t 6 . 8 t 6 . 8 t 6 . 8 t 6 . 8 t 1.10 1.80 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 2 . 7 t 2 . 7 t 1 1 . 4 t 1 1 . 4 t 6 . 8 t 6 . 8 t 6 . 8 t 6 . 8 t 1.10 1.80 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe and the same is to be considered as per clauses 207.1.3&207.4 The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement,each axle wise is given below:- Axle load Ground Contact Area (Tonnes) B(mm) W(mm) 11.4 250 500 6.8 200 380 2.7 150 200 Y X 11.4t 11.4t 6.8t 6.8t 475 5500 Portion to be loaded with 5KN/m live load 8000 3525 Assuming 0.475m allowance for guide posts/kerbs and the clear distance of vehicle from the edge of guide post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1,the value of 'f' shown in the figure will be 0.625m Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) = 0.625m Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) = 3.525m 4.15m The total live load on the deck slab composes the following components:- 1.Wheel loads----Point loads 364.00KN 2.Live load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL 21.06KN 2.Live load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL 118.79KN 503.86KN Resultant live load:- Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles) Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis S.No Wheel Load/UDL in KN Moment 1 57 0.875m 49.88KNm 2 57 0.875m 49.88KNm 3 57 2.675m 152.48KNm 4 57 2.675m 152.48KNm 5 34 0.875m 29.75KNm 6 34 0.875m 29.75KNm 7 34 2.675m 90.95KNm 8 34 2.675m 90.95KNm 9 21.0625 0.313m 6.58KNm 10 118.7925 4.688m 556.84KNm 503.855 1209.52KNm Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis Distance from Y-axis = 2.401m Eccentricity = 0.824m Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles) Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis S.No Load in KN Moment 1 57 9.005m 513.29KNm 2 57 9.005m 513.29KNm 3 57 7.805m 444.89KNm 4 57 7.805m 444.89KNm 5 34 3.505m 119.17KNm 6 34 3.505m 119.17KNm 7 34 0.505m 17.17KNm 8 34 0.505m 17.17KNm 9 21.06KN 4.690m 98.78KNm 10 118.79KN 4.690m 557.14KNm 503.855 2844.94KN Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis = 5.646m Eccentricity = 0.956m Distance from X-axis Y X 5500 8000 Location of Resultant 2524 5574 Calculation of reactions on abutments:- Reaction due to loads R a = 299.41KN Reaction due to point loads = R b = 204.44KN Hence,the critical reaction is Ra = 299.4KN The corrected reaction at obtuse corner = 299.41KN Assuming that the live load reaction acts at the centre of the contact area on the abutment, Y X 5500 8000 Location of Resultant 2524 5574 300 300 185 815 815 740 The eccentricty of the line of action of live load at bottom of abutment = 0.815m ----do----on top of 1st footing = 0.815m ----do----on top of 2nd footing = 0.740m The eccentricity in the other direction need not be considered due to high section modulus in transverse direction. 3.Impact of vehicles:- As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L) Hence,the factor is 0.353 Further as per clause 211.7 of IRC:6--2000,the above impact factor shall be only 50% for calculation of pressure on piers and abutments just below the level of bed block.There is no need to increase the live load below 3m depth. As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of abutments will be 0.1765 For the remaining portion,impact need not be considered. 4.Wind load:- The deck system is located at height of (RTL-LBL) 2.10m The Wind pressure acting on deck system located at that height is considered for design. As per clause 212.3 and from Table .4 of IRC:6---2000,the wind pressure at that hieght is= 59.48 Kg/m 2 . Height of the deck system = 1.790 Breadth of the deck system = 7.38 The effective area exposed to wind force =HeightxBreadth = Hence,the wind force acting at centroid of the deck system = 3.91KN (Taking 50% perforations) Further as per clause 212.4 of IRC:6---2000 ,300 Kg/m wind force is considered to be acting at a hieght of 1.5m from road surface on live load vehicle. Hence,the wind force acting at 1.5m above the road surface = 16.50KN 300 300 185 815 815 740 The location of the wind force from the top of RCC strip footing = 4.79m 5.Water current force:- Water pressure considered on square ended abutments as per clause 213.2 of IRC:6---2000 is P = 52KV 2 = 24.18 Kg/m 2 . (where the value of 'K' is 1.5 for square ended abutments) For the purpose of calculation of exposed area to water current force,only 1.0m width of abutment is considered for full hieght upto HFL Hence,the water current force = 0.51KN Point of action of water current force from the top of RCC raft footing = 2.90m 6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings:- The breaking effect of vehicles shall be 20% of live load acting in longitudinal direction at 1.2m above road surface as per the clause 214.2 of IRC:6--2000. As no bearings are assumed in the present case,50% of the above longitudinal force can be assumed to be transmitted to the supports of simply supported spans resting on stiff foundation with no bearings as per clause 214.5.1.3 of IRC:6---2000 Hence,the longitudinal force due to braking,tractive or frictional resistance of bearings transferred to abutments is 50.39KN The location of the tractive force from the top of RCC raft footing = 4.49m 7.Buoyancy :- As per clause 216.4 of IRC:6---2000,for abutments or piers of shallow depth,the dead weight of the abutment shall be reduced by wieght of equal volume of water upto HFL. The above reduction in self wieght will be considered assuming that the back fill behind the abutment is scoured. For the preliminary section assumed,the volume of abutment section is i)Volume of abutment section = 13.34Cum ii)Volume of top footing = 3.80Cum iii)Volume of 2nd footing = 4.04Cum iv)Volume of 3rd footing = 0.00Cum v)Volume of 4th footing = 0.00Cum 21.18Cum Reduction in self wieght = 211.80KN 8.Earth pressure :- As per clause 217.1 of IRC:6---2000,the abutments are to be designed for a surcharge equivalent to a back fill of hieght 1.20m behind the abutment. The coefficient of active earth pressure exerted by the cohesion less back fill on the abutment as per the Coulomb's theory is given by '2 K a = Sin(a+Q) sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b) sin(a+b) Sin(a+Q) = SIN[3.14*(54.04+30)/180] = 0.961 Sin(a-q) = SIN[3.14*(54.04-15)/180] = 0.875 Sina = SIN[3.14*(54.04)/180] = 0.97 Sin(Q+q) = SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] = 0.707 Sin(Q-b) = SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] = 0.5 Sin(a+b) = SIN[3.14*(54.04+0)/180] = 0.97 From the above expression, K a = 0.71 The hieght of abutment above GL,as per the preliminary section assumed = 1.804m Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall Pa = 23.06KN/sqm The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:- Surcharge load = 15.34 KN/sqm 15.34 1.804 23.06 15.34 Area of the rectangular portion = 27.67 Area of the triangular portion = 20.8 48.47 Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall S.No Description Area Lever arm Moment 1 Rectangular 27.67 0.902 24.95834 2 Triangular 20.80 0.60133333 12.50773333 48.47 37.46607333 Height from the bottom of the wall = 0.77m The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:- 0.70 50.96 1.804m 0.77m 54.04 2.00 0.56 Total earth pressure acting on the abutment P = 266.60KN Horizontal component of the earth pressure P h = 168.01KN Vertical component of the earth pressure P v = 206.99KN Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure = 0.44m 9.Siesmic force :- As per clause 222.1 of IRC:6---2000,the bridges in siesmic zones I and II need not be designed for siesmic forces.The location of the slab culvert is in Zone-I.Hence,there is no need to design the bridge for siesmic forces. 10.Water pressure force:- The water pressure distribution on the abutment is as given below:- HFL 1.48m 2.40 BFL -0.92m 24.00kn/sqm Total horizontal water pressure force = 158.40KN The above pressure acts at height of H/3 = 0.80m IV)Check for stresses for abutments&footings:- a)Load Envelope-I:-(The Canal is dry,back fill scoured with live load on span) i)On top of RCC raft The following co-ordinates are assumed:- a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles Vertical forces acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components S.No Type of load Intensity in KN Eccentricty about x- axis(m) Eccentricty about y- axis(m) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.740 0.00 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 508.38KN 0.115 0.000 3 405.10KN -0.740 0.000 4 Impact load 0.00 0.00 0.00 1236.38 Horizontal forces acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the section considered).(m) 1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.79 2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN y-Direction 4.49 3 Water current force 0.51KN x-Direction 2.90 Check for stresses:- About x-axis:- Breadth of 2nd footing b = 6.25m Depth of 2nd footing d = 2.45m Area of the footing = A = 15.3125 m 2 Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor---(Wheel loads+UDL) Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd 2 = 6.25 m 3 about x-axis --Zx = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at heel P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.740 6.11 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 508.38KN 0.115 36.87 3 405.10KN -0.740 7.66 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.000 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN 4.49 -36.18 14.46 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at toe P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.740 36.07 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 508.38KN -0.115 29.54 3 405.10KN 0.740 45.25 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.000 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN 4.49 36.18 147.04 Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 14.46 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 147.04 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. About y-axis:- Breadth of 3rd footing b = 2.45m Depth of 3rd footing d = 6.25m Area of the footing = A = 15.3125 m 2 Section modulus of bottom footing about = (1/6)bd 2 = 15.95 m 3 y-axis--Zy = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at upstream edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 21.09 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 508.38KN 0.00 33.2 3 405.10KN 0.000 26.46 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.79 -4.96 6 Water current force 0.51KN 2.90 -0.09 75.70 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at D/S edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 21.09 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 508.38KN 0.00 33.2 3 405.10KN 0.000 26.46 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.79 4.96 6 Water current force 0.51KN 2.90 0.09 85.8 Stress at up stream side P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 75.70 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. edge = Hence safe. Stress at down stream side P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 85.8 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm edge = Hence safe. i)On top of 2nd footing The following co-ordinates are assumed:- a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Eccentricty about x- axis(m) Eccentricty about y- axis(m) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.740 0.00 2 Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 411.36KN 0.210 0.000 Type of load Type of load Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor 3 405.10KN -0.740 0.000 4 Impact load 0.00 0.000 0.00 Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the section considered).(m) 1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.49 2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN y-Direction 4.19 3 Water current force 0.51KN x-Direction 2.60 Check for stresses:- About x-axis:- Breadth of 1st footing b = 6.25m Depth of 1st footing d = 2.30m Area of the footing = A = 14.375 m 2 Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd 2 = 5.51 m 3 about x-axis--Zx = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at heel P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.74 6.51 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 411.36KN 0.21 31.12 3 405.10KN -0.74 8.16 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN 4.19 -38.31 7.48 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at toe P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.74 38.42 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 411.36KN -0.21 22.85 3 405.10KN 0.74 48.2 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN 4.19 38.31 Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load 147.78 Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 7.48 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 147.78 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. About y-axis:- Breadth of 1st footing b = 2.30m Depth of 1st footing d = 6.25m Area of the footing = A = 14.375 m 2 Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd 2 = 14.97 m 3 about y-axis--Zy = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at upstream edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 22.46 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 411.36KN 0.00 28.62 3 405.10KN 0.000 28.18 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.49 -4.95 6 Water current force 0.51KN 2.60 -0.09 74.22 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at D/S edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 22.46 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 411.36KN 0.00 28.62 3 405.10KN 0.000 28.18 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.49 4.95 6 Water current force 0.51KN 2.60 0.09 84.3 Stress at up stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 74.22 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Hence safe. Stress at down stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 84.3 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. i)On top of 1st footing The following co-ordinates are assumed:- a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Eccentricty about x- axis(m) Eccentricty about y- axis(m) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.815 0.00 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 320.28KN 0.270 0.000 3 405.10KN -0.815 0.000 4 Impact load 0.00 0.000 0.00 Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the section considered).(m) 1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.19 2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN y-Direction 3.89 3 Water current force 0.51KN x-Direction 2.30 Check for stresses:- About x-axis:- Breadth of abutment b = 6.25m Depth of abutment d = 2.00m Area of the footing = A = 12.5 m 2 Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd 2 = 4.17 m 3 about x-axis--Zx = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at heel P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.82 5.62 Type of load Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 320.28KN 0.27 28.94 3 405.10KN -0.82 7.05 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN 3.89 -47.04 -5.43 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at toe P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.82 46.04 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 320.28KN -0.27 18.98 3 405.10KN 0.82 57.76 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN 3.89 47.04 169.82 Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = -5.43 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 169.82 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. About y-axis:- Breadth of abutment b = 2.00m Depth of abutment d = 6.25m Area of the footing = A = 12.5 m 2 Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd 2 = 13.02 m 3 about y-axis--Zy = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at upstream edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 25.83 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 320.28KN 0.00 25.62 3 405.10KN 0.000 32.41 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.19 -5.31 Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Reaction due to live load with impact factor 6 Water current force 0.51KN 2.30 -0.09 78.46 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at D/S edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 25.83 2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 320.28KN 0.00 25.62 3 405.10KN 0.000 32.41 4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.00 0 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 5 Wind load 16.50KN 4.19 5.31 6 Water current force 0.51KN 2.30 0.09 89.26 Stress at up stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 78.46 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at down stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 89.26 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. b)Load Envelope-II:-(The Canal is full,back fill intact with no live load on span) i)On top of RCC Raft footing The following co-ordinates are assumed:- a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Eccentricty about x- axis(m) Eccentricty about y- axis(m) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.740 0.00 Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 508.38KN Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -211.80KN 2 Net self weight 296.58KN 0.115 0.000 3 Vertical component of earth pressure 206.99KN 0.440 0.000 Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the section considered).(m) 1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.79 2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00 Type of load Type of load Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor 3 Water current force 0.51KN x-Direction 2.90 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN y-Direction 1.37 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN y-Direction 0.80 Check for stresses:- About x-axis:- Breadth of bottom footing b = 6.25m Depth of bottom footing d = 2.45m Area of the footing = A = 15.3125 m 2 Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd 2 = 6.25 m 3 about x-axis --Zx = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at heel P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.74 6.11 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 296.58KN 0.12 21.51 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.44 19.23 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN 1.37 -36.89 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN 0.80 20.3 30.23 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at toe P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.74 36.07 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 296.58KN -0.12 17.23 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN -0.44 7.81 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN 1.37 36.89 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN 0.80 -20.3 77.73 Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 30.22 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 77.73 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. About y-axis:- Type of load Type of load Breadth of bottom footing b = 2.45m Depth of bottom footing d = 6.25m Area of the footing = A = 15.3125 m 2 Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd 2 = 15.95 m 3 about y-axis --Zy = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at U/S Edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 21.09 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 296.58KN 0.00 19.37 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.00 13.52 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Wind load 16.50KN 4.79 -4.96 5 Water current force 0.51KN 2.90 -0.1 48.93 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 21.09 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 296.58KN 0.00 19.37 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.00 13.52 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 4.79 4.96 5 Water pressure force 0.51KN 2.90 0.1 59.03 Stress at up stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 48.93 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at down stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 59.03 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. ii)On top of 2nd footing The following co-ordinates are assumed:- a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles Type of load Type of load Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Eccentricty about x- axis(m) Eccentricty about y- axis(m) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.74 0.00 Self wieght of abutment&footings 508.38KN Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -211.80KN 2 Net self weight 296.58KN 0.115 0.000 3 Vertical component of earth pressure 206.99KN 0.440 0.000 Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the section considered).(m) 1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.49 2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00 3 Water current force 0.51KN x-Direction 2.60 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN y-Direction 1.07 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN y-Direction 0.50 Check for stresses:- About x-axis:- Breadth of 2nd footing b = 6.25m Depth of 2nd footing d = 2.30m Area of the footing = A = 14.375 m 2 Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd 2 = 5.51 m 3 about x-axis --Zx = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at heel P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.74 6.51 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 296.58KN 0.12 22.91 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.44 20.48 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN 1.07 -32.72 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN 0.50 14.4 31.55 Type of load Type of load Type of load S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at toe P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.74 38.42 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 296.58KN -0.12 18.35 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN -0.44 8.32 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN 1.07 32.72 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN 0.50 -14.4 83.44 Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 31.55 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 83.44 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. About y-axis:- Breadth of 1st footing b = 2.30m Depth of 1st footing d = 6.25m Area of the footing = A = 14.375 m 2 Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd 2 = 14.97 m 3 about y-axis --Zy = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at U/S Edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 22.46 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 296.58KN 0.00 20.63 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.00 14.4 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Wind load 16.50KN 4.49 -4.95 5 Water current force 0.51KN 2.60 -0.1 52.45 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 22.46 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 296.58KN 0.00 20.63 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.00 14.4 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 4.49 4.95 Type of load Type of load Type of load 5 Water pressure force 0.51KN 2.60 0.1 62.53 Stress at up stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 52.45 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at down stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 62.53 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. iii)On top of 1st footing The following co-ordinates are assumed:- a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Eccentricty about x- axis(m) Eccentricty about y- axis(m) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.74 0.00 Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 411.36KN Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -171.40KN 2 Net self weight 239.96KN 0.210 0.000 3 Vertical component of earth pressure 206.99KN 0.440 0.000 Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the section considered).(m) 1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.19 2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00 3 Water current force 0.51KN x-Direction 2.30 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN y-Direction 0.77 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN y-Direction 0.20 Check for stresses:- About x-axis:- Breadth of 1st footing b = 6.25m Depth of 1st footing d = 2.30m Area of the footing = A = 14.375 m 2 Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd 2 = 5.51 m 3 about x-axis --Zx = Type of load Type of load For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at heel P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN -0.74 6.51 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 239.96KN 0.21 20.06 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.44 20.48 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN 0.77 -23.57 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN 0.20 5.8 29.23 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at toe P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.74 38.42 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 239.96KN -0.21 13.33 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN -0.44 8.32 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 168.01KN 0.77 23.57 5 Water pressure force 158.40KN 0.20 -5.8 77.89 Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 29.23 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 77.89 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. About y-axis:- Breadth of 1st footing b = 2.30m Depth of 1st footing d = 6.25m Area of the footing = A = 14.375 m 2 Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd 2 = 14.97 m 3 about y-axis --Zy = For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm 2 i.e, 4000KN/sqm For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2 i.e, -2000KN/sqm Type of load Type of load S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity/Lever arm Stress at U/S Edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 22.46 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 239.96KN 0.00 16.69 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.00 14.4 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Wind load 16.50KN 4.19 -4.62 5 Water current force 0.51KN 2.30 -0.1 48.85 S.No Intensity in KN (P) Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge P/A(1+6e/b) Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.00 22.46 2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 239.96KN 0.00 16.69 3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.00 14.4 Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z) 4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 16.50KN 4.19 4.62 5 Water pressure force 0.51KN 2.30 0.1 58.25 Stress at up stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 48.85 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm. Hence safe. Stress at down stream side edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 58.25 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm Hence safe. V)Check for stability of abutments:- a)Load Envelope-III:-(The Canal is dry,back fill intact with live load on span) The following co-ordinates are assumed:- a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Eccentricty about x- axis(m) Eccentricty about y- axis(m) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.82 0.00 2 Self wieght of abutments 320.23KN 0.270 0.000 3 405.10KN 0.82 0.000 4 Vertical component of Active Earth pressure 206.99KN 0.440 0.00 1255.22KN Type of load Reaction due to live load with impact factor Type of load Type of load Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the section considered).(m) 1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.19 2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 50.39KN y-Direction 4.19 3 Horizontal Active Earth pressure force 168.01KN y-Direction 0.77 234.90KN Check for stability against over turning:- Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis, Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings = 211.12Kn-m Moment due to active earth pressure force = 129.87Kn-m Total overturning moment = 340.99Kn-m Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,, Moment due to self weight of abutment = 406.69Kn-m Moment due to live load reaction on abutment = 735.27Kn-m Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment = 586.05Kn-m Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure = 298.07Kn-m Total Restoring moment = 2026.08Kn-m Factor of safety = 5.94180648 > 2.0 Hence safe (As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000) Check for stability against sliding:- Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment V b = 1255.22KN Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment H b = 234.90KN Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces = 0.80 Factor of safety against sliding F s = 4.27491751 > 1.5 Hence safe (As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000) b)Load Envelope-IV:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with no live load on span) The following co-ordinates are assumed:- Type of load a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Eccentricty about x- axis(m) Eccentricty about y- axis(m) 1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 322.90KN 0.82 0.00 Self wieght of abutments 320.23KN -133.40KN 2 Net self wieght 186.83KN 0.270 0.000 3 Vertical component of Active Earth pressure 206.99 0.440 0.00 Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components S.No Intensity in KN Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the section considered).(m) 1 Wind load 16.50KN x-Direction 4.19 2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 0.00KN y-Direction 0.00 3 Active Earth pressure force 168.01KN y-Direction 0.77 4 Force due to water pressure 158.40KN y-Direction 0.20 Check for stability against over turning:- Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis, Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings = 0.00Kn-m Moment due to active earth pressure force = 129.87Kn-m Total overturning moment = 129.87Kn-m Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis, Moment due to self weight of abutment = 237.27Kn-m Moment due to water pressure force on the abutment = 31.68Kn-m Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment = 586.05Kn-m Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure = 298.07Kn-m Total Restoring moment = 1153.08Kn-m Type of load Type of load Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy Factor of safety = 8.87855106 > 2.0 Hence safe (As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000) Check for stability against sliding:- Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment V b = 552.22KN Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment H b = 168.01KN Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces = 0.80 Factor of safety against sliding F s = 2.62940787 > 1.5 Hence safe (As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000) Name of the work:-Slab culvert on Vemuladeevi Channel Abutment Abutment Length of the Raft:- = 12.60m Width of the Raft:- = 6.55m Total load on the Raft:- Dead Load:- Wt.of Deck slab = 477.28Kn Wt.of wearing coat = 69.51Kn Wt.of bed blocks over abutments = 99.00Kn Wt.of abutments Footing-I = 182.16Kn Footing-II = 194.04Kn Wt.of abutments = 640.46Kn Total 1662.45Kn Dead load stress = 20.14Kn/Sqm Live Load:- Taking IRC Class-A loading Wheel width in the direction of movement =0.2+0.2+0.25/2 = 0.625m 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 1.2 4.3 3.0 3.0 0.475 0.625 DESIGN OF RAFT FOR THE SLAB CULVERT 12.60m Centre of gravity of loading from 1st 11.4t load = = 4.33m Centre of gravity from the end of raft = 4.955m Eccentricity = 1.345m Stress due to live load = 1xP(1+6e/b) (Taking single lanes) A Max.stress = 11.45Kn/Sqm Min.stress = -0.78Kn/Sqm Total stress due to dead load and live load Max.Stress = 31.59Kn/Sqm Min.Stress = 19.36Kn/Sqm Assuming the depth of raft as 60cm Stress due to self weight of raft = 15.00Kn/Sqm Stress due to wieght of base concrete = 7.20Kn/Sqm Hence,the Max.stress on the soil = 53.79Kn/Sqm Which is less than 6t/sqm(Soil testing report) Hence safe. Net Max.upward pressure acting on Raft = 31.59Kn/Sqm Net Min.upward pressure acting on Raft = 19.36Kn/Sqm The design stress = 25.48Kn/Sqm Hence,the UDL on the raft = 25.48Kn/m Design of Raft:- The raft will be analysed as a continuous beam of 1m width with the loading as shown below:- 1.30 10.00 1.30 UDL of 25.48Kn/m After analysis the bending moment diagram is as given below: 517 37.5 Max.Negative bending moment Mu = 517.00KNm Max.Positive bending moment Mu = 37.50KNm Effective depth required d = M u /0.138f ck b = 387.11mm Over all depth provided = 600.00mm Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = 542.00mm Bottom steel:- M u /bd 2 = 1.76 From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.535 Area of steel required = 2899.70sqmm Top steel:- M u /bd 2 = 0.128 From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required/Minimum steel = 0.12 Area of steel required = 650.40sqmm Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 150mm c/c spacing at bottom and provide 20mm bars at 110mm c/c at top Hence A st provided at top = 2854.55sqmm Hence A st provided at bottom = 753.60sqmm Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom Area = 720.00sqmm Adopting 12mm dia bars,the spacing required is = 157.00mm Hence provide 12mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c spacing at top& bottom Effective depth = 300-50-6 = 0.244m Clear span between abutments = 3.00-2x(0.125+2x(0.15)) = 2.150m Effective span = 2.15+0.244/2 = 2.27m For continuous slab,clear span will be the effective span,effective span = The raft is proposed to be designed for the Max.stress of 5.47t/sqm Assuming 1m width of raft,the UDL on the raft is 53.790t/Sqm The raft is treated as simply supported beam with over hangs Hence,the Max.positive moment = wl 2 /8 = 34.71t-m Max.Negative moment for over hangs = wl 1 2 /2 = 2.42t-m Max.negative moment = 2.420t-m Max.positive moment = 34.710t-m Hence,the design moment = 34.710t-m Depth required = 3.53x10 5 67.140094 7.7x100 Hence provide overall depth of 30cm,the effective depth available is 300-50-6 = 24.4 Area of steel required = 3.53x10 5 77.65sqcm at centre 2000x0.916x24.4 Spacing of 12mm dia bars required = 1.13x100/7.9 = 14.30379747 However provide 12mm bars at 125mm c/c at centre Area of steel required = 0.25x10 5 5.41sqcm for over hangs 2000x0.916x24.4 Spacing of 12mm dia bars required = 1.13x100/0.56 = 201.7857143 However provide 12mm bars at 250mm c/c Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom Area = 3.60sqcm Adopting 10mm dia bars,the spacing required is = 0.785x100/3.6 = 21.805556 Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 175mm c/c spacing The details of Reinforcement is as shown below:- 12mm bars@ 125 c/c(Curtail 50% of cranks at the centre of abutment 3.00m 12mm bars@250mm c/c DESIGN OF RAFT FOR THE SLAB CULVERT 0.625 11.4 1.2 11.4 4.3 6.8 3 6.8 3 6.8 0.475 2.27m 1.1304 1.1304 0.785 12mm bars@250mm c/c Hydraulic Particulars:- 1.Full supply Level 1.477 2.Ordinary Flood level ------ 3.Lowest Bed level 0.477 4.Average bed slope 0.000059 (1 in 17000) 5.Rugosity Coefficient(n) 0.020 (As per table 5 of IRC:SP 13) 6.Vertical clearence proposed 0.510 (As per clause 15.5 of IRC:SP 13&as per profile) 6.Bottom of deck proposed 1.987 (MFL+Vertical clearence) 7.Road Crest level 2.577 (Bottom of deck level+thickness of deck slab) 8.Width of carriage way 5.500 Discharge Calculations:- 1)From the data furnished by the Irrigation Department:- Design discharge = 2.074Cumecs 2)Area Velocity method:- Depth of flow w.r.t HFL = 1.000m Bed width = 4.50m Assuming side slopes 1:1.5 in clayey soils,top width at HFL = 6.000m Wetted Area = 5.25sqm Wetted perimetre = 7.33m Hydraulic Radius R= Total area/Wetted perimeter = 0.72 Velocity V = 1/nX(R 2/3 XS 1/2 ) 0.31m/sec Discharge Q = AXV 1.63Cumecs Design Discharge = 2.074Cumecs Design Velocity = 0.31m/sec Ventway Calculations(H.F.L Condition):- Hydraulic design Assuming the stream to be truly alluvial,the regime width is equal to linear waterway required for the drain. Hence,as per Lacey's silt theory,the regime width W = 4.8Q 1/2 = 4.8*2.074 0.5 = 6.91m The actual top width is almost equal to the above regime width.Hence,the stream is almost truly alluvial in nature. As per IRC:SP--13,the ventway calculations for alluvial streams are as given below:- Assuming afflux = x = 0.05m Width of channel at H.F.L(b+h) = 6.00m Clear span = 6.00m Effective linear water way = 6.00m Depth of flow = d i = 1.00m Head due to velocity of approach = (V max 2 /2g)X[d i /(d i +x)] 2 0.004m Combined head due to Velocity of approach and h i = 0.054m afflux Velocity through vents V v = 0.90X(2gh i ) 1/2 = 0.93m/sec Linear water way required L WW = Q d /(V v Xd i ) = 2.24m No.of vents required = L WW /L C = 0.373333333 Say---1 Vent In alluvial streams,the actual width of the stream should not be reduced,as it results in enhanced scour depth and expensive training works. Hence No.of vents required as per the width of the stream at H.F.L= 1 (6/6.00) No.of vents to be provided 1Nos No.of piers = 0Nos Scour Depth Calculations:- As per the clause 101.1.2 of IRC:5--1985,the design discharge should be increased by 30% to ensure adequate margin of safety for foundations and protection works Hence,the discharge for design of foundations = 1.30XDesign Discharge = Lacey's Silt factor ' f ' = 1.76Xm 1/2 (For normal silt) = Discharge per metre width of foundations = q = Normal scour depth D = 1.34(q 2 /f) 1/3 = Maximum scour depth D m = 1.5XD = Depth of foundation = Dm + Max.of 1.2m or 1/3 D m = Bottom level of foundation = Depth of foundation below low bed level = The Minimum Safe Bearing capacity of the soil is considered as 65 KN/m2 at a depth of 1.50m below LBL Hence open foundation in the form of raft is proposed at a depth of 1.85m below LBL,ie,at a level of Cut-off walls and aprons are not required from scour depth point of view Hydraulic design The actual top width is almost equal to the above regime width.Hence,the stream is almost truly alluvial in nature. In alluvial streams,the actual width of the stream should not be reduced,as it results in enhanced scour As per the clause 101.1.2 of IRC:5--1985,the design discharge should be increased by 30% to ensure adequate 2.76Cumecs 1.00 0.46 0.80m 1.20m 2.40m -0.923m 1.400m The Minimum Safe Bearing capacity of the soil is considered as 65 KN/m2 at a depth of 1.50m below LBL -0.923m