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VRFRWHDX FD R FLQVWH IDSWXO FC PDPHOH ORU IXVHVHUC WUDFH FaQG JUHFLL
QH ?PSUXPXWDX ]HLL VFKLPEaQGXOH GRDU QXPHOH ?QIUXSWaQGXVH GLQ
SOLQ GLQ PLWXULOH >L FUHGLQ@HOH JHWRGDFLORU FXP VC QX ULGLFCP YRFHD
D]L QRL XUPD>LL DFHORU GDFRWUDFL >L VC VSXQHP OXPLL DGHYCUXO" 'H FH
VC WCFHP XPLOL@L >L IXUD@L GH DO QRVWUX WUHFXW JORULRV GLQ GRULQ@D
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101

VFRDWHP RFKHODULL GH PLRSL SULPL@L GH OD YHFLQL >L VC QH XLWCP FX


PaQGULH DFROR GHSDUWH ?Q WUHFXW UHGHVFRSHULQGXQH >L PaQGULQGXQH
FX QRL ?Q>LQH 1X HVWH QLPHQL ?Q WRDWC (XURSD FDUH VC DLEC R LVWRULH
PDL YHFKH PDL IUXPRDVC >L PDL IDQWDVWLFC GHFaW D QRDVWUC
1RL QX WUHEXLH VC XLWCP FC VXQWHP DLFL SH DFHVW SCPaQW
HXURSHDQ SULPLL ?QDLQWHD JUHFLORU LWDOLHQLORU IUDQFH]LORU JHUPDQLORU
RU WXUFLORU ?QDLQWHD HQJOH]LORU RU VODYLORU
(L WR@L QRLL YHQL@L GRUHVF FD QRL VC QX IL H[LVWDW DVWIHO FD HL VC
DLEC GUHSWXUL (L VSXQ FC 7UDQVLOYDQLD D IRVW OLSVLWC GH SRSXOD@LH LDU HL
DX YHQLW >L DX ORFXLWR (L QH ?QFXUDMHD]C ?Q QDLYLWDWHD QRDVWUC VC
FUHGHP FC GH IDSW QRL DP DSCUXW GXSC  G+ SULQ XQLUHD GLQWUH
GRL ECUED@L 7UDLDQ >L 'HFHEDO 7UDLDQ  FXFHULWRU D  GLQ WHULWRULXO
'DFLHL ?Q XUPD XQXL UC]ERL IUDWULFLG
( WLPSXO VC UHDOL]CP FC QRL DYHP LVWRULD QRDVWUC FX PLL >L PLL GH
DQL ?QDLQWHD VRVLULL URPDQLORU SH Fa@LYD NLORPHWUL GLQ WHULWRULXO 'DFLHL
LVWRULD QRDVWUC D ?QFHSXW DWXQFL GH PXOW FaQG QRL DP ?QFHSXW VC
ICXULP (XURSD VC FXFHULP $VLD &KLQD ,QGLD >L -DSRQLD $QDWROLD
6XPHUXO >L $VLD 0LFC 3DOHVWLQD >L 0HVRSRWDPLD 1RUGXO $IULFLL
$FHDVWD HVWH LVWRULD QRDVWUC D FDUSDWRGDQXELHQLORU SHODVJLORU
WUDFLORU GDFRURPaQLORU 1RL GDFRURPaQLL UHSUH]HQWCP FRORDQD
YHUWHEUDOC D LVWRULHL OXPLL FRQWHPSRUDQH

MERGI LA SECTIUNEA URMATOARE

102

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