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Homework 5_1
DIGITAL TRANSMISSION


1. Determine the Nyquist sample rate for a maximum analog input frequency of:

(a) 4 KHz
(b) 10 KHz

Fs 2fa

a) Fs = 2(4kHz) = 8 kHz
b) Fs = 2(10kHz) = 20 kHz


2. Determine the dynamic range for a 10-bit sign-magnitude PCM code.


9 bits + 1 sign bit

DR = 2
n
1 = 2
9
1 = 511


3. Determine the minimum number of bits required in a PCM code for a
dynamic range of 80 dB. What is the coding efficiency?

DR(db) = 20 log (DR) 80
= inv log (80/20)
= 10000
n = log(DR + 1) / log(2) = log(10000+1)/log(2) = 13.29 bits 14 bits

Max number of bits required = 14 bits + 1 sign bit = 15 bits
Coding eff. = (13.29/15) x 100 = 88.6 %

4. For a resolution of 0.04 V, determine the voltages for the following linear seven-
bit sign magnitude PCM codes.


(a) 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 = 11 x 0.04V = 0.44V

(b) 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 = -45 x 0.04V = -1.8V





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5. Determine the resolution and quantization error for an eight-bit linear sign
magnitude PCM code for a maximum decoded voltage of 1.27 V.

Resolution = Vmax / (2
n
1) = 1.27V/(2
7
1) = 1.27/127 = 0.01 V/step

Qe = resolution/2 = 0.01 / 2 = 0.01/2 = 0.005V


6. For a 12-bit linear PCM code with a resolution of 0.02 V, determine the voltage
range that would be converted to the following PCM codes.



(a) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
(b) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(c) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(d) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(e) 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
(f) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

Qe = (0.02V) = 0.01V

a) 1 x 0.02V = 0.02V range (0.01V 0.03V)
b) 0 x 0.02V = 0V range (-0.01V 0.01V)
c) 1024 x 0.02V = 20.48V range (20.47V 20.49V)
d) -1024 x 0.02V = -20.48 range (-20.49V 20.47V)
e) 257 x 0.02V = 5.14 range (5.13V 5.25V)
f) 682 x 0.02V = 13.64V range (13.63V 13.65V)


7. A -law compression encoder has:

V
i(max)
= 8 V, v
i(max)
= 1V, = 255

Determine the output voltage for an input voltage of 2 V.

Vo = Vo
(max)
ln (1 + (Vin)/Vi
(max)
) / (ln (1 + ))
= 1 ln (1 + 255(2)/8) / (ln (1 + 255))
= 0.75V

8. Repeat problem 7 for = 0.

Vo = 1 ln (1 + (0x2)/8) / ln (1)
= 1 ln (1) ln (10
= 1(0) 0
= 0 V