TEM DE PROIECT

CENTRAL TERMOELECTRIC CU TURBIN CU ABUR N PUR CONDENSAIE

S se proiecteze o centra ter!oeectric c" t"r#in c" a#"r $n p"r con%ensa&ie c"nosc'n%
"r!torii para!etri(
)aria#ie *"nc&ie %e apartenen&a a o se!i+r"p ,i nr %e criteri" n $n +r"p(
- se!i+r"pa .
- n/.
D
a#
/011t23 4 %e#it a#"r intrare t"r#in
p
0
/5.16517n #ar 4 presi"ne a#"r intrare t"r#in
t
0
/081

- te!perat"r a#"r intrare t"r#in
P
9

{
1:18

, semigrupa1
1:180

, semigrupa2
1:10

, semigrupa3
1:100

,semigrupa4
- presi"ne con%ensator
Cre,terea presi"nii $n ;entiatoare
- <pa/811!! co =
.
O $n ;entiatoaree %e aer
- <p+/911!! co =
.
O $n ;entiatoaree %e +aze arse
Coe*icient" %e e>ces %e aer
- ?/5:.
De#it con%ensat pro;enit %e a e@ector" con%ensator""i
- D
e@
/0A+2s
Te!perat"r con%ensat pro;enit %e a e@ector" con%ensator""i
- t
e@
/01

P"tere caori*ic in*erioar a co!#"sti#i""i
- =
i
/B51165117n AC2A+
STRUCTUR PROIECT(
1. Cac"e te3nice
1.1. Deter!inarea para!etrior $n p"nctee caracteristice
1.2. Deter!inarea n"!r""i %e pre$nczitoare %e $nat ,i @oas presi"ne ,i a cre,terii
%e entapie pe acestea
1.3. Deter!inarea entapiei pe partea %e con%ensat
1.4. Deter!inarea presi"nior pe prize ,i a *rac&i"nii %e %e#it pe prize
1.5. Deter!inarea ran%a!ent""i ter!ic ,i a ran%a!ent""i +o#a a centraei
1.6. Bian&" pe con%ensator
1.7. Deter!inarea %e#it""i %e co!#"sti#i
1.8. Deter!inarea p"terii eectrice cons"!ate %e ;entiatoare
2. Materiae +ra*ice o#i+atorii
2.1. Sc3e!a centraei
2.2. Reprezentare $n %ia+ra!a TS
2.3. Dia+ra!a SanAeDE Pier%eri reati;e %e c%"r
1. Cac"e te3nice
1.1. Deter!inarea para!etrior $n p"nctee caracteristice
p
0
/5.16517./581 #ar
p
9
/1:180 #ar
p
0
I
/ p
0
II
/a;era+eFF1:5GEEE1:.9H7p
0
H

I1 #ar
p
0
III
/ p
0
I)
/a;era+eFF1:5GEEE1:.9H7p
0
I
H

B #ar
pJ#arK tJ

K s
kJ
kgK

K i
kJ
kg

K ;J
m
I
kg
K >
5
1:180 I5:1II 1:801B 5I1
1:115118
B
1
.
. I5:.5 1:801B 5I1:08
1:115110
5
1
5
I
9 50G:G8 5:LI5 9B1:0 1:115511B 1
.
I
581 591:9. 5:LI5 9G9:I
1:1151L8
1
1
I
581 II9:9I I:9.I 50B1:G 1:115955 1
8
581 II9:9I 0:IB. .9IG 1:1558L 5
0
581 081 9:0.L I8I1 1:1.8I5 5
0
I
I1 I11 9:0I1 .LGG 1:1G55L 5
0
II
I1 081 B:I80 I08B 1:5..B 5
0
III
B I.1 B:I9I I1LL 1:IG01 5
0
I)
B 081 G:1IG I09L 1:0IIB 5
9
1:180 I5:1II B:9II .I58:I .G:15B5 1:L
Deter!inarea para!etrior p"ncteor caracteristice ae circ"it""i ter!ic se reaizeaz s"#
*or! ta#ear parc"r+'n% "r!toaree etape(
Etapa I. Se co!pecteaz ta#e" "tiiz'n% %atee %in en"n&" pro#e!eiE
Etapa II. Se a%opt "r!torii para!etri(
p
.
/. #ar: p"nct" . *iin% a ie,irea %in po!pa %e con%ensatE Po!pa %e con%ensat tre#"ie s
co!penseze rezisten&a 3i%ra"ica intro%"s $n circ"it %e PCPE
P
5
I
/9 #ar: p"nct" 5
I
+sin%"-se $n interior" %e+azor""i a o presi"ne %e 8

G #ar
P
9
/1:180 #ar
Etapa III. Se co!peteaz ta#e" "tiiz'n% propriet&ie %ia+ra!ei T-s(
Din en"n&" pro#e!ei c"noa,te! p
0
/581 #ar: iar p
9
/1:180#arE Ast*e: con*o! %ia+ra!ei T-s
p
0
/p
8
/p
I
/p
.
I
/581 #arM
Con*or! rea&iei p
0
I
/ p
0
II
/a;era+eFF1:5GEEE1:.9H7p
0
H s-a a%optat presi"ne p
0
I
/p
0
II
/I1 #ar: ,i a
rea&iei p
0
III
/ p
0
I)
/a;era+eFF1:5GEEE1:.9H7p
0
I
H: p
0
III
/p
0
I)
/B #arE
Din en"n&" pro#e!ei c"noa,te! c t
0
/081

E Ast*e: con*or! %ia+a!ei T-s:
t
0
/t
0
II
/t
0
I)
/081

E
Toate p"nctee care se +sesc pe c"r#a AA F%en"!ite c"r#a ic3i%""i a sat"ra&ieH ,i $n
st'n+a acesteia a" tit" a#"r""i e+a c" 1E Ast*e: >
5
/>
.
/>
5
I
/>
.
I
/>
I
/1M
Toate p"nctee care se +sesc pe c"r#a AB F%en"!it c"r#a ;aporior sat"ra&i "sca&iH ,i $n
%reapta acesteia a" tit" a#"r""i e+a c" E Ast*e: >
8
/>
0
/>
0
I
/>
0
II
/>
0
III
/>
0
I)
/5M
n p"nct" 9 se a%opt tit" a#"r""i >
9
/1:LE
Etapa IV.
P"nct" 0 4 se trec $n ta#e ;aorie coresp"nztoare presi"nii ,i te!perat"rii %in ta#e" ;aporior
s"pra$nczi&iM
P"nct" 0
I
4 se trec $n ta#e ;aorie coresp"nztoare presi"nii a o entropie i!e%iat s"perioar "i
s
0
%in ta#e" ;aporior s"pra$nczi&iM
P"nct" 0
II
4 se trec $n ta#e ;aorie coresp"nztoare presi"nii ,i te!perat"rii %in ta#e"
;aporior s"pra$nczi&iM
P"nct" 0
III
4 se trec $n ta#e ;aorie coresp"nztoare presi"nii a o entropie i!e%iat s"perioar
"i s
0
II
%in ta#e" ;aporior s"pra$nczi&iM
Pentr" p"nct" 9 c"noa,te! p
9
/ 1:180 #ar ,i tit" a#"r""i >
9
/1:L ast*e $nc't: %in ta#e"
;aporior sat"ra&i se cite,te %irect te!perat"ra: iar pentr" ceia&i para!etri se citesc ;aorie
c" pri! FNH ,i sec"n% FOH: cac"'n%"-i c" rea&iie "r!toare(
i
9
/iP6>7FiQ-iPHM iP/5I1 AC2A+M iQ/.00B AC2A+

i
9
/.I58:I AC2A+
s
9
/sP6>7FsQ-sPHM sP/1:801B AC2A+7RM sQ/G:8I5 AC2A+7R

s
9
/B:9IIAC2A+7R
;
9
/;P6>7F;Q-;PHM ;P/1:115118B !
I
2A+M ;Q/I5:5I !
I
2A+

;
9
/.G:15B5 !
I
2A+
La p"nct" 5: p
5
/p
9
4 %in ta#e" ;aporior sat"ra&i se cite,te %irect te!perat"ra: iar pentr"
ceia&i para!etri se citesc ;aorie c" pri! FNH
n p"nct" .: entropia s
.
/s
5
E Pentr" cac"" para!etrior %in p"nct" . se interpoeaz ;aorie
!ai !ari ,i !ai !ici coresp"nztoare presi"nii ,i entropiei %in ta#e" %e ;apori s"pra$nczi&i
s
S
/1:.L98M s
T
/1:0B59M
t
S
/.1M t
T
/81M t
.
/ t
S
6F t
T
- t
S
H7FF s
.
- s
S
H2F s
T
-s
S
HH

t
.
/I5:.5

i
S
/G8M i
T
/59BM i
.
/ i
S
6F i
T
- i
S
H7FF s
.
- s
S
H2F s
T
-s
S
HH

i
.
/5I1:08 AC2A+
;
S
/1:115115BM ;
T
/1:11511BGM ;
.
/ ;
S
6F ;
T
- ;
S
H7FF s
.
- s
S
H2F s
T
-s
S
HH

;
.
/1:1151105
!
I
2A+
La p"nct" 5
I
se ia" ;aorie c" pri! %in ta#e" ;aporior sat"ra&i coresp"nztoare presi"nii aese
a %e+azorE
n p"nct" .
I
: entropia s
.P
/s
5P
E Pentr" cac"" para!etrior %in p"nct" .
I
se interpoeaz ;aorie
!ai !ari ,i !ai !ici coresp"nztoare presi"nii ,i entropiei %in ta#e" %e ;apori s"pra$nczi&i
s
S
/5:L.0M s
T
/.:55GM
t
S
/591M t
T
/5G1M t
.
/ t
S
6F t
T
- t
S
H7FF s
.
- s
S
H2F s
T
-s
S
HH

t
.
/591:9.

i
S
/9GI:9M i
T
/BB1:.M i
.
/ i
S
6F i
T
- i
S
H7FF s
.
- s
S
H2F s
T
-s
S
HH

i
.
/9G9:IAC2A+
;
S
/1:115115BM ;
T
/1:11511BGM ;
.
/ ;
S
6F ;
T
- ;
S
H7FF s
.
- s
S
H2F s
T
-s
S
HH

;
.
/1:1151105
!
I
2A+
Pentr" p"nct" I se citesc ;aorie c" pri!: iar pentr" p"nct" 8 se citesc ;aorie c" sec"n% %in
ta#e" ;aporior sat"ra&i coresp"nztoare presi"nii %in aceste p"ncte
5E.E Deter!inarea n"!r""i %e pre$nczitoare %e $nat ,i @oas presi"ne ,i a cre,terii %e
entapie pe acestea
Se ae+e te!perat"ra opti! pentr" apa %e ai!entare t
aa
/F.2IEEEI28H7t
I
,i se cac"eaz entapia
apei %e ai!entare c" rea&ia i
aa
/c
pa
7t
aa
"n%e c%"ra speci*ic a presi"ne constant
c
pa
/8:5G9AC2A+7+ra%
t
aa
/II97I28/.0.:8B

i
aa
/8:5G97.0.:8B/5109:G0AC2A+
Pentr" %eter!inarea n"!r""i %e pre$nczitoare %e $nat respecti; %e @oas presi"ne se
*oosesc "r!toaree rea&ii(

N
PIP
=
t
aa
t
.'
I080
M
N
PIP
=
.0.:8B+591:9.
81
.

N
PJP
=
t
5'
t
.
I080
M
N
PJP
=
50G:G8I5:.5
81
I

pe partea %e @oas presi"ne a;e!

%o" PCP ,i "n %e+azor
Deter!inarea cresterii %e entapie pe preincazitoare
<i
PIP
/Fiaa-i
.
I
H2N
PIP
JAC2A+K
<i
PIP
/5G1:5 AC2A+
<i
PCP
/Fi
5
I
-i
.
H2N
PCP
JAC2A+K
<i
PCP
/5BL:LG9B AC2A+
i
a5
/i
aa
- <i
PIP
JAC2A+K
i
a5
/G99:8 AC2A+
i
a.
/i
.
6.7 <i
PIP
JAC2A+K
i
a.
/8L1:B8 AC2A+
i
aI
/i
.
6 <i
PIP
JAC2A+K
i
aI
/I51:98 AC2A+
5EIE Deter!inarea entapiei pe partea %e con%ensat
i
c5
/i
a5
6.5 JAC2A+K
i
c5
/GGB:8 AC2A+
i
c.
/i
.
I
6.5JAC2A+K
i
c.
/B1B:I AC2A+
i
cI
/i
aI
6.5 JAC2A+K
i
cI
/II5:98 AC2A+
i
c8
/i
.
6.5 JAC2A+K
i
c8
/505:08 AC2A+
5E8E Deter!inarea presi"nii pe prize ,i a *rac&i"nii %e %e#it pe prize
%t/B

-%i*erenta %e te!perat"ra %intre t
sat
a p
priza
si t
a
iesire preincazitor
i
s5
/i
aa
6cpa7<t JAC2A+K
i
s5
/51B0:G AC2A+
p
p5
/81 #ar
i
s.
/i
a5
6cpa7 <t JAC2A+K
i
s.
/GL0:B1. AC2A+
p
p.
/.1 #ar
p
pI
/9 #ar-presi"nea %in %e+azor
i
s8
/i
a.
6cpa7 <t JAC2A+K
i
s8
/0.1:18. AC2A+
p
p8
/.:. #ar
i
s0
/i
aI
6cpa7 <t JAC2A+K
i
s0
/IIL:L8. AC2A+
p
p0
/1:0 #ar
Entapiie a prize se citesc %in ta#eee %e ;apori s"praincaziti pentr" o entropie i!e%iat
s"perioara entropiei p"nct""i %e a intrarea in corp" %e t"r#ina
i
p5
/I19. AC2A+
i
p.
/I8.I AC2A+
i
pI
/I0.9 AC2A+
i
p8
/I5BI AC2A+
i
p0
/.GIG AC2A+
Deter!inarea *rac&i"nii %e %e#it pe prize consi%er'n% Daa/5
a
5
/Fi
aa
-i
a5
H2Fi
p5
-i
c5
H
a
5
/1:1G.G
a
.
/FFi
a5
-i
.
I
H-a
5
7Fi
c5
-i
c.
HH2Fi
p.
-i
c.
H
a
.
/1:191G
a
a%
/1:1. *rac&i"nea %e a#"r e;ac"ata %in %e+azor c" +azee %in apa
a
I
/FF56a
a%
H7Fi
5
I
-i
a.
H-Fa
5
6a
.
H7Fi
c.
-i
a.
HH2Fi
pI
-i
a.
H
a
I
/1:101.
A/56a
a%
-Fa
5
6a
.
6a
I
H
A /1:G.9.
a
8
/A7Fi
a.
-i
aI
H2Fi
p8
-i
cI
H
a
8
/1:10.8
a
0
/FA7Fi
a.
-i
.
H-a
8
7Fi
p8
-i
cI
HH2Fi
p0
-i
c8
H
a
0
/1:1008
1.5. Deter!inarea ran%a!ent""i ter!ic ,i a ran%a!ent""i +o#a a centraei
Deter!inarea ran%a!ent""i ter!ic
U
ter!
/5-FF5-a
5
-a
.
-a
I
-a
8
-a
0
H7Fi
9
-i
5
H2FFi
0
-i
aa
H6F5-a
5
H7Fi
0
II
-i
0
I
H6F5-a
5
-a
.
H7Fi
0
I)
-i
0
III
HHH
U
ter!
/1:0IB0
Deter!inarea "cr""i !ecanic
L/FD
a#
2IE9H7FFi
0
-i
p5
H6F5-a
5
H7Fi
p5
-i
0
II
H6F5-a
5
H7Fi
0
II
-i
p.
H6F5-a
5
-a
.
H7Fi
p.
-i
0
III
H6F5-a
5
-a
.
H7Fi
0
I)
-i
pI
H6F5-a
5
-a
.
-
a
I
H7Fi
pI
-i
p8
H6F5-a
5
-a
.
-a
I
-a
8
H7Fi
p8
-i
p0
H6F5-a
5
-a
.
-a
I
-a
8
-a
0
H7Fi
p0
-i
9
HH JAV23K
L /5B85G1 AV23
W5/FD
a#
2IE9H7FFi
0
-i
aa
H6F5-a
5
H7Fi
0
II
-i
0
I
H6F5-a
5
-a
.
H7Fi
0
I)
-i
0
III
HH JAV23K
W5 /80G501 AV23
Ucaz/1EGG ran%a!ent cazan
U!/1EG ran%a!ent !ecanic
U+/1ELG ran%a!ent +enerator
Ut#/1ELG ran%a!ent trans*or!ator %e #oc
X/5. cons"!"ri interne procent"ae
W
c3
/W
5
2U
caz
JAV23K-ca%"ra c3i!ica a co!#"sti#i""i
W
c3
/0.19I1 AV23
P
e
/L7U
!
7U
+
7U
t#
75112F51165.H JAV23K-p"terea eectrica pro%"s %e centra
P
e
/55L8L1 AV23
U
+CTE
/P
e
2W
c3
ran%a!ent +o#a CTE
U
+CTE
/1:..L0
1.6. Bian&" pe con%ensator
W
.
6W
PCP
6W
e@
/W
ar
: "n%e
W
.
/c%"ra a#"r""i pro;enit %e a t"r#in
W
PCP
/ca%"ra pro;enita %e a PCP
W
e@
/ca%"ra con%ensat pro;enit %e a e@ector
W
ar
/ca%"ra apei reci
W
.
/FD
a#
2IE9H7F5-a
5
-a
.
-a
I
-a
8
-a
0
H7Fi
9
-i
5
H751
-I
JMVK
W
.
/.55:GGGG MV
W
PCP
/FDa#2IE9H7Fa
8
6a
0
H7Fi
c8
-i
5
H751
-I
JMVK
W
PCP
/1:I..8 MV
i
e@
/c
pa
7t
e@
JAC2A+K
i
e@
/.1L:I AC2A+
W
e@
/D
e@
7Fi
e@
-i
5
H751
-I
JMVK
W
e@
/1:IL90 MV
W
ar
/W
.
6W
PCP
6W
e@
JMVK
W
ar
/.5.:91B9 MV
Deter!inarea pier%erior reati;e %e ca%"ra
W
.prc
/FW
.
2W
ar
H7511 JYK
W
.prc
/LL:995L Y
W
PCPprc
/FW
PCP
2W
ar
H7511 JYK
W
PCPprc
/1:5059 Y
W
e@prc
/FW
e@
2W
ar
H7511 JYK
W
e@prc
/1:5G90 Y
1.7. Deter!inarea %e#it""i %e co!#"sti#i
De#it" %e co!#"sti#i rez"ta %in reatia ran%a!ent""i cazan""i prin !eto%a %irecta
U
cz
/W
5
2FW
c3
6W
*z#
6W
*za
H
W
*z#
/B7c
p#
7t
#
ca%"ra *izica a co!#"sti#i""i
W
*za
/D
a
7c
pa
7t
a
/B7L7cpa7t
a
ca%"ra *izica a aer""i
c
p#
: c
pa
/ca%"ra speci*ica a co!#"sti#i""i: respecti; a aer""i
t
#
: t
a
/te!perat"ra co!#"sti#i respecti; aer a intrarea in cazan
D
a
/%e#it aer a intrarea in cazan
Daca aer" si co!#"sti#i" n" s"nt preincazite inainte %e intro%"cerea in cazan ca%"ra *izica a
acestora se ne+i@eaza
B/W
5
2F=
i
7U
caz
H JA+2sK
B/B5:I5GB A+2s
1.8. Deter!inarea p"terii ;entiatoareor
Se %eter!ina ;o"!" teoretic %e aer respecti; %e +az
L!in/1:061:.857=
i
751
-I
L!in /.:.0LI
)
+1
/5:IB061:..97=
i
751
-I
)
+1
/I:1.8G
Se %eter!ina ;o"!" rea %e aer respecti; %e +az
L/L
!in
7?7F561:115957ZH
L/.:B08G
)
+
/)
+1
6F?-5H7F561:11597ZH7L
!in
)
+
/I:8GIL
P"terea ;entiator""i %e aer
P
;a
/L7B7+7<pa751
-I
2FU
!;
7U
;
751
I
H JMVK
P
;a
/5:5GLB MV
P"terea ;entiator""i %e +aze arse
P
;+
/)
+
7B7+7<p+751
-I
2FU
!;
7U
;
751
I
H JMVK
P
;+
/.:.09L MV
PC
CIP
CMP
CJP
I:8
0
0
I
0
II
0
III
0
)I
ic5
ic.
icI
ic8
PIP5
PIP.
PCP5
PCP.
PA
9
TB
[EN
DE[A\OR
iaa
5a5
.
I
5
I
AMia.
iaI
5
.
aa%
a.: ip.: .1#ar
a5: ip5: 81#ar
aI: ipI: 9#ar
a8: ip8: .E.#ar
a0: ip0: 1E0#ar
]i+ 5E Sc3e!a %e principi" a centraei
5
I
.
I
5
I
.
0
III
0
II
0
I
0
8
0
I)
9
TJRK
sJAC2A+7RK
A
>/1
>/5
]i+ .EDia+ra!a Ts a "n"i +r"p c" %o" s"pra$ncziri inter!e%iare ,i prize re+a#ie
W
.
W
PCP
W
e@
W
AR
]i+ IEDia+ra!a SanAeDE Pier%eri reati;e %e c%"r