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CHAPTER I

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What is a Computer?

User

Mechnical & Electrical Device

Structure of Computer

Date

Information

Processing
Computer

Hardware

Input Hardw are

Output Hardw are
Processing & Memory Hardw are
Secondary storage Hardw are
Communications Devices
Etc.

Software

System Software

Application Software

-Operation System

(Customize/Packages)

-Utility Programs

-Word Processing

-Language Translators

-Spread Sheet
-Database
-Graphic, etc.

Hardw are

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Hardw are

User

- Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, Monitor, Etc

Softw are

Sof tw are

- System Softw are (

Pro grams), Application

Sof tw are (
Programs)

Firmw are

Firmw are
Hardw are Sof tw are

- ROMBIOS (Read Only Memory Basic Input Output System)

Input Hardware

Input Hardw are

--..
Keyboard
Mouse
Mic

Scanner
Camera

Light Pen
Etc

Output Hardw are

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Output Hardw are

User

Speaker
Monitor
Prin ter

Headphone
Projector
Etc..

Keyboard

Keyboard
User

User

Device

Keyboard
Default

Key

101

Multimedia Keyboard

101
120

Ke yboard

Connector
.

Dim Connector, Min i Dim Connector, USB Conn ector, W ir eless

Mouse

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Mouse
User Desktop

Pointer

Wheel Type

Wheel T ype

Ball T ype

Censor

Optical

Optical Mouse

Wheel T ype

Mouse

Censor

Pointer

. .

..

Laser Mouse ..

Connector T ype
Keyboard
Connector T ype

Type of Computers (

)

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Desktop Computer, Laptop Computer

Handheld

T ablet PCs

Computer,

Desktop Computer (

Desktop Computer

Design

Desktop Computer

System Unit

Phyiscal Monitor, System Unit, Mouse, Keyboard, Speaker

Laptop computers (

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Laptop computers

Notebook

Size Desktop

Computer

Laptop Computer

Desktop Computer

Bat tery

Desktop Computer

CPU, Memory, DVD,

Frame

Handheld computers (

Handheld computers

Personal Dig ital Assistants (PDAs),

Laptop Computer

Bat tery

Desktop Computer, Laptop Computer

Handhelds Computer sch eduling appointmen ts, storing

addresses

phone numbers

games

PDA Telephone

Interne t

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Tablet PCs (

..)

T ablet PCs mobile PCs laptops

Handhelds (PDAs)

Feature

Laptop Handheld

Screen

Text

File

Parts of a computer (

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Desktop Computer

1. Monitor

Monitor

(User)

Device

2. Modem

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Modem

Device

3. System Unit

System Unit

Operation System (W indow s) Run

Cas ing

4. Mouse
Laser

Optical

Wheel Type

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Mouse

Monitor

Pointer

Device

5. Speaker

Speaker

Media

Device

Device

6. Prin ter

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Prin ter

T ext, Image,

Device

7. Keyboard

Keyboard

Device

System Unit

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System Unit

System Unit

..
v PSU (Power Supply Unit )[AT/AT X]
v CPU

v FDD (Floppy Disk Drive)

v HDD (Hard Disk Drive) [IDE / IDE / SCSI / SATA]

v RAM

v CD Drive (Compact Disk Drive) [ IDE / SCSI / SATA]

v Mother Board [AT / ATX]

v Interface Card / Controller Card

v Sound Card
v VGA Card

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.
PSU (Power Supply Unit )

PSU AC Voltage (220)

DC Volt ag e

( + 5V, - 5V, + 12V, - 12V)

Convert

AT power connector (Used on older AT style mainboards)

Color

Pin

Sig nal

P8.1

Power Good

P8.2

+5 V

P8.3

+12 V

P8.4

12 V

P8.5

Ground

P8.6

Ground

P9.1

Ground

P9.2

Ground

P9.3

5 V

P9.4

+5 V

P9.5

+5 V

P9.6

+5 V

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24-pin AT X12V 2.x power supply

connector

(20-pin omits the last four: 11, 12,

23 and 24)
Color

Signal

Pin Pin

Signal
+3.3 V

Color
Orange

Orange

+3.3 V 1 13

Orange

+3.3 V 2 14 12 V

Blue

Black

Ground 3 15 Ground

Black

Red

+3.3 V sense Brown

+5 V 4 16 Power on

Green

Black

Ground 5 17 Ground

Black

Red

+5 V 6 18 Ground

Black

Black

Ground 7 19 Ground

Black

Grey

Power good 8 20 Reserved

N/C

Purple

+5 V standby 9 21 +5 V

Red

Yellow

+12 V 10 22 +5 V

Red

Yellow

+12 V 11 23 +5 V

Red

Orange

+3.3 V 12 24 Ground

Power Supply Connectors

Black

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Floppy disks

Floppy Dis k

Memory S tick

Data Tran sfering Device

Floppy

IBM

100KB

Floppy

Disk

IBM

360KB

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Floppy

Disk

1.2

MB

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

Data

Device

.
.

Plater T echnology

Size 4 MB

Size

1TB

Maganic Coding

Data

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Connector

IDE (Intergrated Drive Electronics), SCSI(Small

Computer System Interface), SAT A (Seria l ATA)

IDE Connector T ype

SATA Connector T ype

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50 Pin

68 Pin
SCSI Connector T ype

RAM
SDRAM

DIMM

SoDIMMS

T emporary (
)

RAM

Random

Access

Read-Write

RAM Stick

Memory

Memory

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volatile Memory (

Program

Po wer

(1)

(0)
0110

Memory

Speed (MHz)

Clock Speed

266MHz, 333MHz,400MHz, 667MHz,800MHz,

1033,1066

MB, GB

128MB, 256MB, 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 16GB

DIMM =Dual Inline Memory Module

SIMM =Single Inline Memory Module
SDRAM=Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory

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ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM

(Operation System)

Non-volatile Memory

Power

COMS Bat tery

ROM

PROM

EPROM

EEPROM (or)E PROM

PROM
Programmab le Read Only Memory

Memory

CD-R

EPROM

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Chemical

Ult rl Violet

EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programm able Read Only Memory
Flash Memory

Memory Stick

Data

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CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Personal Computer

Model

CPU

CPU

Unit

Computer

Pro cessing

FPU (Floating Point Unit)

Chip

CPU

Microprocessor

- x = x=

= ?

CPU

CPU

197 1

Intel Company 4040

CPU

Performance

0.1

MHz

Data

Size

4Bit

..

Hyper Thre ading (Multi Process)

CPU
80386 (197 8)

Hyper Thre ading

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32 Bit

Intel Pentium II, Intel Pentium III, Intel
Pentium IV

Corei7

Mother Board

Motherboard

Device

Circuit

Device

Connector Type

Montherboard

AT

motherboard AT X motherboard

AT motherboards

AT AT X motherboards

AT Size 12" w ide x 13.8"

Baby AT
8.57" w ide x 13.04"

AT X
12" wide x 9.6"

Mini-AT X
11.2" w ide x 8.2"

power
supply connector

keyboard connector

AT

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5-pin

keyboard connector

ATX

6-pin

mini

connector

AT single row tw o connectors +/-5V, and +/-12V,

ATX motherboard do uble row single connector

+/-5V, +/-12V, and +3.3V

ATX Motherboard Back Pannel IO Port

ATX Motherboard


Slot Port

1. Mouse & k eyboard

2. USB

3. Parallel port
4. CPU Chip

5. RAM slots

6. Floppy controller
7. IDE controller
8. PC I slot
9. ISA slot

10. CMO S Battery

11. AGP slot

12. CPU slot

13. Power supply plug in

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1. Mouse & k eyboard:

Key board C onnectors

Key board C onnector

Mouse Connector Motherboard

DIN

USB C onnector

W ireless

Key board

Wireless Mouse

2. USB (Univ ersal serial bus):

USB

Dev ices

Port

Mice Key boards Scanners C amera Prin ter

USB C onnector

Pluck and P lay

Shu tdown

3. Parallel port:

Prin ter
parallel port

Parallel port data

wire

serial port

Parallel ports 25-pin female DB connector

Parallel ports

Motherboard

4. C PU C hip :

central processing unit,

microprocessor

pc

CPU

C PU

Heat Sink

C ooling dev ice (cooling fan)

5. RA M slots:

Random-Access Memory (RAM)

CPU

Program

Byte

RA M

168-pin DIMM (Dual Inline Memory

module)

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6. Floppy controller:
Floppy driv e Connector 34 pin ribbon cable

Mohterboard

7. IDE controller:

IDE C ontroller

EIDE SCSI

EIDE driv es

SC SI
drives
Network Serv er Work stations

EIDE driv e

2-inch-wide

40-pin ribbon cable

8. PCI slot:
Intel Peripheral component interconnect bus protocol

Slot

PC I

bus

I/O dev ices

NIC RA ID controllers

9. ISA slot:

(Industry Standard Architecture)

Expansion bus

10. CMO S Battery:

C MOS battery

Power

RO M

motherboard

obsolete external battery , common onboard battery built-in battery

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Windows 7 Installation (Windows 7

W in dow s
System

W indow s

W indow s 7
Installation

W indow s

-
Windows CD

CD

Drive

W indow s

Stable

HDD

OK Lets Do it Now!.....

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Ok W indow s

Power

On

Ke yboard
del Key
POST

BIOS SCREEN

F2, F10

LAPTOP

Desktop

Del Key

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CD Drive
Window s 7

BIOS
Advanced BIOS Features

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First Boot Device

CDROM

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Second Boot Device

HDD 0

Ke yboard

F10

Enter

Restart

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POST Screen
Press Any Key to Boot From CD or DVD .. (

)
Key board

File

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Screen

Next

Install Now

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Installation

agreement

I Accept the License

terms

Next

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W indow s

Custom (Advanced)

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Drive Letter

Next

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W indow s Installation

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1%

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T ype

user

name

T ype

Computer

Name

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W in dow System

Se cure

User name Password

Passw ord

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W indow

License Version

PRODUCT
KEY

KEY

COPY

RIGHT VERSION

Automatically activate Windows w hen Im online

Ch eck Box

Next

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Ask me Later

W indow 7 Loader

Key

Crack

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W indow s Activate

Activate

T rail Version

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Window7 CD Crack

Folder

W in dow s 7 Loader

Double Click

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Install 7 Loader

Message Box
OK

Restart

Computer

Properties

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Registry
Enable Fast Shutdown

..

shutdown

..
1.Open Registry Editor.
2.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Shutdown.
3.Create a string key calle d FastReboot and give it a value of 1.
s
Shutdown time

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shutdown

. .
1. start>run>regedit

enter
. .

. .

2. HKEY_ LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control.
Se lect the WaitToKillServiceTimeout value and set it to 400.
4. Close the Registry Editor.

Automatically Killing Tasks on Shutdown

shutdown

application

run

Auto
Kill

..

1. start>run>regedit

enter
. .

. .

2. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Pane l\Des ktop.

3. Highlight the value AutoEnd Tasks and change the value to 1.
4. Close the Registry Editor

Start Menu
All progra ms

Start menu All programs

subtitle
..
sub
Title

..

.
1.start>run>regedit

enter
..

..

2.HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop .
3.Double-clic k the MenuShow Delay icon on the right, and change 'Va lue data' fro m its
default of 400 (milliseconds) to so mething speedier, like 0.
4.When you have finished,
press Enter.

Speedup boot up sequence

Boo t loading

file

defragment

. .

registry

Ena ble

. .ena ble

enable
..
1.Open Registry Editor.

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2. Navigate to HKEY_ LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Dfrg\BootOptimizeFunction.
3.In right hand pane l look for Enable. Right c lic k on it and set it 'Y' for enable.
4.This is the way I have it set on my co mputer. This w ill he lp speedup boot t ime.
CD ROM auto run

cd ro m

..

cd rom

auto run
..

run

1.Start regedit and navigate to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet

\Services\Cdrom.
2.Now Create a new registry key of type Dword and na me it AutoRun.
3.If the key is already there, just set the value to 0 in order to disable AutoRun. To enable it,
change the value to 1. Once it is done, Exit Registry and Reboot.
Disable Shared Documents

network
document

share
manual

registry

1.Start Regedit
2.Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersio n \ Policies \
Explorer \
3.Create a new DWORD Value
4.Give it the na me NoSharedDocuments
5.Give it a value of 1
6.Log off or reboot
Enable Fast Shutdown

..

shutdown

. .
1.Open Registry Editor.
2.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Shutdown.
3.Create a string key called FastReboot and give it a value of 1.
Stop Users Changing Desktop Settings
User desktop setting

1.Open Registry Editor.

2.HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\Progra m

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Manager\Restrictions.
3.Create or edit the DWORD NoSaveSettings.
4.Now to disable saving desktop settings, set its value to 1. Reboot the machine for the settings to
take effect.
Uninstall

sof tware

Uninstall

..
Start Run regedit

OK
HKEY_ LOCAL-MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersio n\Uninstall

Uninstall

Software

Clic k

Box
UninstallString file Double Click Value Data:

Box
C:\Program Files\WordWeb\uninst.exe

Copy

OK

Start Run
C:\Program Files\WordWeb\uninst.exe

Paste

OK Uninstall

Disable Shutdown
Start Menu Shut Down Option

Computer
shutdown

Registery Edit

HKEY_CURRENT_USER \Software \Microsoft \W indows \CurrentVersio n \Explorer

NoClose=DWORD:1

..
Disable USB drive
USB dr ive

Printer

Scanner

MP3,MP4,Flash Drive

start>run>regedit> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE /SYSTEM /CurrentControlSet
/Services /UsbStor

start

Do uble c lick

Value Data dialog box

Va lue

default

(3) USB drive

(4)

.USB Drive

MP3, MP4 Flash
Drive

virus

virus

..

..

windo w

..

Run box
regedit

Register Editor

box

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HKEY_ LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session manager\Me mory
manage ment
prefetchparaters click

box
Enable prefetcher

right click

modify

Edit Dword

box value data

Ok
..

start

..
Recycler bin

...
1.start ->run ->regedit
2.HKEY_CURRENT_USER ->software ->Microsoft -> W indow -> Current Version -> Explorer->
Hide DesktopIcons
3.ClassicStartMenu and NewStartPanel

{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}

4.
no

right clic k -> Mod ify ->value data

'1 '
........

'0' ...... ok

clic k .

RECYCLE BIN

RENAME

Xp-SP 2

rena me

recyclebin

rename

..
START RUN

regedit > O K

HKEY_CURRENT_USER > Software> Microsoft>Windows>CurrentVersion > Explorer > CLSID >
{645ff040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}

CLICk

(DEFAULT)

(DEFAULT) no value
(DEFAULT)

R-CLICK
Modify

Va lue data

RECYCLE BIN RENAME

RENAME

OK

REGISTRY EDITOR

R ECYCLE BIN

CLICK
F5

RECYCLE BIN RENAME

RESTART

Num Lock

Window

Num lock Auto on

On

password

Num loc k

password

..
1.Run box
regedit

Ok
2.HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Pane l\Keyboard

3.

box
Initialkeyboardindicators

Right click

Mod ify

click

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.
4. Value data
2

Ok Restart

Num locks

Auto on

Default
0 .
Gtalk

gtalk

w in+R

box

regedit

HKEY_CURRENT_USER==>Software==>Google==>Goog le Talk==Accounts

double Click

Value data:

gtalk

username

Accounts

+Accounts

Userna me

Username
clic k

right clic k==>delete

)
Hid den Folder

(Go to Start --> Run, then type Regedit

2. Navigate to the registry folder HKEY_ LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\
CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced\Folder\Hidden\SHO WALL
3. Find a key called Checked Value.
4. Double Click CheckedValue key and modify it to 1. This is to show Window

Start Up


Window

Start Up

Command Box

regedit

HKEY_LOACAL_MECHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Contr ol\ContentIndex

Startup De lay

Key

Doubel Click

Default Value Default Value 4800000 (75300:hexadecimal)

40000

Registery Editor

Restart

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Me mory Performance

(performance)

memory

Data

..

(memory defrag)

.. :-)... . .

() start menu
run
regedit

()registry editor window
- HKEY LOCALMACHINE\ SYSTEM\ Current Control Set\
Control\ Session Manager\ Me mory Manage ment

()Me mory Management

Click

Disable Paging Executive

Doub le Click

decimal value

()

Large System Cache

double c lic k

decimal value

window
memory perfor mance

..
Disable the Harddisk Lowdiskspace warning in Windows Xp
User Key: "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer"
and
System Key: "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows
\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer"
create a new DWORD 'NoLow Dis kSpaceChecks' and change its value to '1 '.
Disable the Windows Key
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\system\currentcontrolset\control\keyboard layout"
Create a new Binary value, or modify the existing value ca lled 'Scancode Map' as s hown be low.
Value: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 5 B E0 00 00 5C E0 00 00 00 00
Disable the ability to Right click on the desktop
"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\policies\explorer\"
Create a DWORD "NoViewContextMenu" and change its value to "0" for d isabling and "1 " for
enabling.
Hide all ite ms on desktop
"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\policies\explorer\"
and
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\policies\explorer\"

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create a new DWORD "NoDes ktop" and change its value to "1 "
You can show all the items in the desktop by c haning the value to "0 "
Remove recent documents from start menu
"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ CurrentVersion\Polic ies\Explorer"
and
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows \CurrentVersio n\Policies\Explorer"
Create a new DWORD "NoRecentDocs Menu" and change its value to "1".
Disable Registry editing
"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Po lic ies\System"
Create a new DWORD "DisableRegistryTools " and change its value to "0" for allowing Regeditand
"1" for d isabling it.
Show Windows version on desktop
User Key: "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Des ktop"
Create a new DWORD " PaintDesktop Version" and change its value to "1" for showing and "0" for
removing.
Automatically end Hung programs.
" HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Des ktop"
and
"System Key: [HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Pane l\Desktop "
Modify the value of "AutoEndTasks" to "1".