1

Figura 1.1







1.2.a 1.2.b 1.2.c 1.2.d 1.2.e 1.2.f






12.g 12.h 1.2.i 1.2.j 1.2.k




Figura 1.3.a Figura.1.3.b Figura 1.4
Clasificarea lanturilor cinematice este prezentata n Tabelul 1.1. Rangul j al unui element este egal cu numarul cuplelor
cinematice cu care acesta se leaga de alte elemente.
Tabelul 1.1
Lanturi cinematice plane Toate elementele au miscari ntr-un singur plan sau n plane paralele Dupa complexitatea
miscarii
Lanturi cinematice spatiale Miscarile elementelor au loc n plane diferite
Lanturi cinematice simple Fiecare element are j 2
Lanturi cinematice complexe Cel putin un element are j 3
Lanturi cinematice nchise Toate elementele au j 2
Dupa numarul cuplelor
cinematice
care revin unui element
cinematic
Lanturi cinematice deschise Cel putin un element are j = 1

5
1 k
k C k n 6 L (1.1)






Figura 1.5
( )



5
1 k
k
5
1 k
k
C k m 6 C k 1 n 6 6 L M (1.2)
4 5
C ) 3 4 ( C ) 3 5 ( n ) 3 6 ( L (1.3)
4 5
C C 2 m 3 M
(1.4)

5
1 k
k
C ) f k ( m ) f 6 ( M (1.5)








Figura 1.6
MECANISME
2
1
2
1
2
?
v
x
x
v
x

x
y
v
y
z
z

y
x
v
x
y
v
y
z

y
x
v
x
y
v
y
z
z
v
t

x
v
x

y
element conducator
m = 3 ; C
5
= 4 ; C
4
= 0
M = 33 24 = 1
m = 2 ; C
5
= 2 ; C
4
= 1
M = 32 22 1 = 1
C
IV
contactor
1
(motor)
R
V
C
R
V
C
C
III
C
III
3
2

1

r

M = 63 52 32 = 2!

1
1
1si 1
elemente
motoare
1
cutit
Mecanism de tip seping
Mecanism cu came
1
2
Mecanismul spatial schematizat n figura 1.7 are: m = 3, C
5
= 2, C
4
= 2 si f = 1. Ca urmare, aplicnd relatia (1.5), rezulta M = 1.












Figura 1.7 Figura 1.8










Figura 1.9.a Figura 1.9.b











3 m
ech
2 C
5 ech
= 1 (1.6)
2
1 m 3
C
ech
ech 5
+
(1.7)
Tabelul 1.2
m
ech
1 3 5 7 .
C
5 ech
2 5 8 11 .






Figura 1.11.a Figura 1.11.b











Figura 1.13

Figura 1.12
m
2
3
C
5
(1.8)
Tabelul 1.3
m 2 4 6
C
5
3 6 9



Figura 1.14 a Figura 1.14.b
3
1
m = 6 ; C
5
= 9
M = 36 29 = 0 ?!
Elementul 3 este pasiv! Ajuta la rigidzarea barei 2.
2
4
5
6
doua cuple C
5
!
1
m = 5 ; C
5
= 7
M = 35 27 = 1
2
4
5
6
C
4
1 m = 2
C
5
= 2
C
4
= 1
M = 1
2 1
m = 2 + 1 = 3
C
5
= 2 + 2 =4
C
4
= 0
M = 1
2
3
m = 2
C
5
= 2
C
4
= 1
M = 1
B
D

1

2

A


B
D

1

2

A

R
V
C
T
V
C
m = 3
C
5
= 4
C
4
= 0
M = 1
3
element
conducator
diada
Figura 10.a Figura 10.b



m = 3
C
5
= 3
C
4
= 1

M = 33 23 1 = 2 !?
Rola 2 poate fi ndepartata.
C
V
C
IV
1

2

3

C
V
C
IV
1
2
m = 2
C
5
= 2
C
4
= 1

M = 32 22 1 = 1
m = 3
C
V
= 2
C
IV
= 2
M = 63 52 42 0 !?
Se observa ca nici un element nu poate
avea rotatie fata de (Oy).
x y
z
R
V
C
3
2
C
IV
1
1
?
r
(motor)
R
V
C
m = 6 ; C
V
= 7!
M = 36 27 = 4
doua cuple C
V
!
1
5
3
4
6
2
1
2
(n)
(n)
3
m = 3
C
5
= 4
C
4
= 0
M = 1
m = 2
C
5
= 2
C
4
= 1
M = 1

1B
B
1
2
O
(n)
(n)
3







Figura 1.15











Figura 2.1 Figura 2.3

OA A
l v (2.1)
OA
AV
K
K
l
v
A
l
v
OA
A
(2.2)


tg K tg
K
K
l
v
(2.3)

tg deci si 1 K (2.4)
A
2
A
2
A n
A
r
r
v
a (2.5)
A
t
A
r a
(2.6)








Figura 2.4 Figura 2.5 Figura 2.6 Figura 2.7

tg
K
K
A O K
AA K
r
a
l
A
l
t
A
a
A
t
A

(2.7)


tg K
(2.7)
tg (2.8)
( )
n
A
2
v
l
A
2
A
2
v
1
2
A
n
A
n
A
2
n
A a
K
K
r
v
K
K
OA
AV
AA ; AA OA aA

,
_

(2.9)
sau
n
A
l
2
v n
A
AA
K
K
a , adica vectorul
n
A AA reprezinta acceleratia
n
A
a la scara K
a
.
t
A
n
A A
a a a +
(2.10)
( ) ( )
2 4
OA
2
OA
2 2
OA
4
2
t
A
2
n
A A
l l l a a a + + +
(2.11)
2 4
OB B
l a +
(2.12)
2 2
B
B
n
B
t
B
2 2
A
A
n
A
t
A
r
r
a
a
r
r
a
a
tg

(2.13)







Figura 2.8 Figura 2.9 Figura 2.10 Figura 2.11
BA A B
v v v + (2.14)
AB v ; l v
BA AB BA
(2.15)
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
l
1

1
l
4
l
2
C

l
3
4

A
4
D
B
3
2
B
1
B
2
B
3
B
4
B
6
B
5
B
7
D
1
B
0
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
6 D
5
D
0
D
7
C
0
C
1
C
6
C
7 C
5
C
4
1
A
2
4
3
V
A

t
A
A
A
O
A V
A
a
n
A
A
O
O
V
B
A
V
A
B
n
B
A
t
B
A


O
A
B
A
A
A
B
n
B
A
t
B
A
p
v
a
c
b
A
V
A

C
B
V
C

V
B

B
A
A
A

A
B

a
p
a

b
n
AB
4
, v v v
CA A C
+ iar directia AB v
CA
. (2.16)
AC
AB
ac
ab
(2.17)
BA A B
a a a + (2.18)
t
BA
n
BA BA
a a a +
(2.19)
t
BA
n
BA A B
a a a a + +
(2.20)
AB a ; l
l
v
a
n
BA AB
2
BA
2
BA n
BA
(2.21)
AB a ; l a
t
BA AB
t
BA
(2.22)
( )
( )
( ) ab K v
b p K v
a p K v
v BA
v v B
v v A



(2.23)

Pentru determinarea acceleratiilor se considera ecuatia vectoriala a acceleratiilor conform relatiei (2.18).










Figura 2.12 Figura 2.13 Figura 2.14
t
B
n
B B
a a a + ;
t
A
n
A A
a a a + ;
t
BA
n
BA BA
a a a + (2.24)
t
BA
n
BA A
t
B
n
B
a a a a a + + +
(2.25)
3
2
B n
B
2
2
BA n
BA
1
2
A n
A
l
v
a ;
l
v
a ;
l
v
a (2.26)









Figura 2.15
Figura 2.16 Figura 2.17
( ) ab K v
v BA
; ( ) a p K v
v v A
(2.27)
t
BA
n
BA
t
A
n
A B
a a a a a + + +
(2.28)

0 l
n
(2.29)

0 e l
n
i
n
(2.30)
( ) 0 e l e l i
n n
i
n
i
n n
+

&
(2.31)
( ) 0 e l i e l e l e l i e l i
n n n n n
i
n n
i
n
i 2
n n
i
n n
i
n n
+ + +

& & & &
(2.32)
( ) 0 e l e l i 2 e l e l i
n n n n
i
n
i
n n
i 2
n n
i
n n
+ +

& & &
(2.33)
n n n n
i
n
sin l i cos l e l
n
+


(2.34)
B 2 1
x l l h sau B ' O AB OA O ' O + + + + (2.35)

'

+ +
+
0 sin l sin l h
x cos l cos l
2 2 1 1
B 2 2 1 1
(2.36)
2
1 1
2
l
h sin l
sin
+
(2.37)

'

0
dt
d
cos l
dt
d
cos l
dt
dx
dt
d
sin l
dt
d
sin l
2
2 2
1
1 1
B 2
2 2
1
1 1
(2.38)
p
v
A
v
r

b
a
B
v
r
BA
v
r

p
a
n
1
b
n
a
n
B
a
r

t
B
a
r

n
BA
a
r

t
BA
a
r

B
a
r

A
a
r

BA
a
r

1 2


A
4
3
B
B
a
r

B
v
r

O
p
v b
a
BA
v
r

B
v
r

A
v
r

n
p
a
n
1
b
a
t
A
a
r
n
BA
a
r

t
BA
a
r

B
a
r

A
a
r

BA
a
r

n
A
a
r


1
h

C

A
4
d
B
3
2
O
5
B
B
2
2
1
1
dt
dx
;
dt
d
;
dt
d

(2.39)

'

+

0 cos l cos l
sin l sin l
2 2 2 1 1 1
B 2 2 2 1 1 1
(2.40)
2 2
1 1
1 2
cos l
cos l


(2.41)

'

0
dt
d
cos l
dt
d
sin l
dt
d
cos l
dt
d
sin l
dt
d
dt
d
sin l
dt
d
cos l
dt
d
sin l
dt
d
cos l
2
2 2
2
2 2 2
1
1 1
1
1 1 1
B 2
2 2
2
2 2 2
1
1 1
1
1 1 1
(2.42)

'

+

0 cos l sin l sin l
a sin l cos l cos l
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 1
2
1 1
B 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 1
2
1 1
(2.43)
2 2
2
2
2 2 1
2
1 1
2
cos l
sin l sin l

+
(2.44)
1
2
1
2
sin
l
l
sin (2.45)













Figura 2.18 Figura 2.19

'

r
r
r
r
G
i
i
i
J M
a m F G
(3.1)






Figura 3.1.a Figura 3.1.b Figura 3.2

2
l
0
2
G
dm x 2 J
(3.2)
12
l m
m 2 dx x m 2 J
3 2
l
0
2
G

(3.3)

'

m
i i
m
i i
i
F d r M
F d F
0
r
r
r
r r
(3.4)

+
m m m
2
i i dm ) ( dm a F d F
r r r r
r r

(3.5)


m m
2
i dm dm F
r r r
r

(3.6)
( ) ( ) [ ]

+
m m
2
i i dm z F d r M
r r r v r
r
r
r

(3.7)
( ) ( )


m m m
2
i dm dm z dm z M
r r r r r r r r
r

(3.8)

+ +
m m
2
m m m
2 2
i dm k dm z y j dm x z i dm z y i dm x z j M
r r r r r r

(3.9)
1
2

1
A
3
B
O

2
x
B
4
y
x
h

1
2

1
A
3
B
O

2
x
B
4
y
x
O
n
G
a
r

1
= ct
n
1 G
a
r
A
G
1

2
G
2
2 i
F
r

n
2 G
a
r

B
C
M
i2
G
x dx
l/2 l/2
x
6
z yz zx
2
zx
yz
2
i J k ) J J ( j ) J J ( i M + + +
r r r r
(3.10)










Figura 3.3
iz iy ix i
M k M j M i M + +
r r r r
(3.11)






Figura 3.4













Figura 3.6

Figura 3.5

,
_

,
_

rp ru m
2
1 k
k
2
2 k
k
2
1 Gk
k
2
2 Gk
k
W W W
2
J
2
J
2
v
m
2
v
m (3.12)
rp ru m
2
2 k
k
2
2 Gk
k
W W W
2
J
2
v
m

+


(3.13)
rp ru m
2
1 k
k
2
1 Gk
k
W W W
2
J
2
v
m

(3.14)
m
rp
m
rp m
W
W
1
W
W W

(3.15)





Figura 3.7
( ) ( )

+
r m
2
1 k
2
2 k
k 2
1 Gk
2
2 Gk
k
W W
2
J
v v
2
m
(3.17)

+
2 k
1 k
2 k
k
l
l 1
k mk k k mk m
d M dl cos F W (3.18)

+
2 k
1 k
2 k
1 k
' l
' l
'
'
k rk k k rk r
' d M ' dl ' cos F W (3.19)
(3.20)

+
k mk k k rk . red . r
' d M ' dl ' cos F dl F (3.21)


+
B
k
mk k
B
k
mk . red . m
' v
M cos
' v
v
F F (3.22)


+
B
k
rk k
B
k
rk . red . r
' v
'
M ' cos
' v
' v
F F (3.23)

i n 2 1
m
ru
W
W
(3.16)
P
dm
i
F d
r

r

z
r
r
r

r

r

z
y
x
O
y
y
x
x
G
Rotor neechilibrat
y
y
x
x
G
Rotor echilibrat static
y y
G
x
x
Rotor echilibrat dinamic
y y
G
x
x
Rotor echilibrat static si dinamic
y
i
F
r

x
G
2
G
1
i
F
r

i
F
r

G
2
ie
F
r

m
e
r
e
r

r

r

z

plan de
echilibrare

d
ie
d
i
plan de
echilibrare

G
1
i
F
r

ie
F
r

m
e
O

r

r
e
x varianta
la +m
e
T
c
O

t
p

m
t
r
t
o
t

w
3n
w
2n
3
w
1n
2
w
M
1
w
M
n
w
rn
7
k mk k k mk . red . m
d M dl cos F d M +

(3.24)

+
k rk k k rk . red . r
' d M ' dl ' cos F d M (3.25)

k
mk k
k
mk . red . m
M cos
v
F M
(3.26)

k
rk k
k
rk . red . m
'
M ' cos
' v
F M (3.27)












Figura 3.8 Figura 3.9


+

2
J
2
v m
2
v m
2
k k
2
Gk k
2
' B red

(3.28)

,
_

,
_

2
' B
k
k
2
' B
Gk
k red
v
J
v
v
m m
(3.29)


+

2
J
2
v m
2
J
2
k k
2
Gk k
2
red

(3.30)


,
_

,
_

2
k
k
2
Gk
k red
J
v
m J
(3.31)
( )

2
1
l
l
red . r red . m
2
1 ' B 1 red
2
2 ' B 2 red
dl F F
2
v m
2
v m
(3.32)

+
2
1
l
l
2 red
2
1' B 1 red
red
red . m
2 ' B
m
v m
dl F
m
2
v (3.33)












Figura 3.10 Figura 3.11 Figura 3.12

2
1
d
1
m
(4.1)
Se defineste gradul de neregularitate al mersului masinii () ca fiind
m
min max

.Uzual, gradul de neregularitate al mersului
masinii are valorile: = 1/51/30 - pentru pompe; = 1/201/5 pentru concasoare; = 1/501/30 pentru masini-unelte; =
1/3001/200 pentru motoare electrice de curent alternativ si 1/200 pentru motoare de aviatie.
Ca urmare, rezulta relatiile:
,
_

+
2
1
m max

max
si
,
_

2
1
m min
.

2
0
red . m m
d M W (4.2)

2
0
red . r r
d M W (4.3)
B

A

r

B
v

r

m
red
B
B

A
J
red
B

A
r

red r
F
r

m
red
B
red m
F
r

B

A

d

M
m red
M
r red
B

B

A
red m
F
r


red r
F
r

dl

v
B
r

8
max
2
min
min . red
2
max
max . red
W
2
J
2
J

(4.4)

















Figura 4.1






Figura 4.2

,
_

2
m red
2
min
2
max
red max
J
2 2
J W (4.5)

2
m
max
red
W
J (4.6)
J
total
= J = J
red
+ J
V
(4.7)
red
2
m
max
V
J
W
J

(4.8)

2
m
max
V
W
J (4.9)
g 8
D G
J
2

(4.10)























Figura 4.3

m
i
n

t dt
T
C

m
a
x

m



(t)
+
+

min

max
2

M

O

a

b

c

d

e

M
m red
M
r red

E
C
O

a

b

c

d

e

M


(motor)
F
cf
M

G

M

C

CL

R
9
21
21 f
N
F
arctg (5.1)
a
c
21
m
p
A
N
p (5.2)

'

+
+
sin P sin Q N
cos Q cos P N
(5.3)
( )
( )
+

sin
sin
Q P P
max
(5.4)
( )
( ) +


sin
sin
Q P P
min
(5.5)

'

,
_

+ +

2
a
d P l N a N
P N 2
(5.6)







Figura 5.1.a Figura 5.1.b Figura 5.1.c












Figura 5.2 Figura 5.3














Figura 5.4 Figura 5.5
( ) a l 2
a d 2
P N
+
+
(5.7)

2
P
N (5.8)
d 2
l

(5.9)

,
_

+ cos
2
N
sin
2
N
2 F (5.10)
+

cos sin
F
N (5.11)
a m
p
L b
2 / N
p

(5.12)
F F
cos sin
N F
c f

+

(5.13)
R
21
F
f 21

N
21
2 (ghidaj)
1 (sanie)
P




P
P

P
Con de
frecare

N
Q
N
P
v = ct
N




N
2
N
N
1
d
l
P
A
a
F
f 21
F
n 21
F
21
n
F
O
2
O
1
r
1


cuzinet (2)
fus (1)
O
2
O
1
F
21
F

n = 0
A

F

c
2
b
H

p
max
p()
D
d

L
F
f
F
v = ct

b
2
N

2
N

2
N

2
N

F
10

+

cos sin
c
,
c
este minim pentru

2
. (5.14)
= r
1
sin r
1
tg = r
1
= ct. (5.15)
M
f
= F
f21
r
1
= F
21
sin r
1
F tg r
1
= F r
1
(5.16)
( )
2
c
max
1 p p

,
_

(5.17)
( ) d D B
F 2
E
1
E
1 4
sin
2
2
2
1
2
1
c

,
_

(5.18)
( )
2
D
d
2
D
B p M
c
c
f

1
]
1

(5.19)
r F
2
D
F
sin
M
ech
c
c
f

), coeficientul de frecare conventional (echivalent):

c
c
ech
sin

. (5.20)













Figura 5.6 Figura 5.7

,
_

2 /
2 /
m m
d B p B cos d
2
d
p F (5.21)
a m
p
B d
F
p

(5.22)
B
4
d
p
2
d
B d
2
d
p M
2
m
2 /
2 /
m f

,
_

(5.23)
B r p
2
M
2
m f

(5.24)
r f
F 57 , 1 r F
2
M

(5.25)

2 /
0
2
max
d cos B
2
d
p 2 F (5.26)
a max
p
r B
F 2
p

(5.27)
a max
p
d B
F 4
p

(5.28)
2
p d B
M
max
2
f


(5.29)
r F
4
M
f

, P = F
f
v = F v (5.30)
(p
m
v) (p v)
admisibil
, respectiv (p
max
v) (p v)
admisibil

( )
a
2
i
2
e
m
p
D D
F 4
p

(5.31)
( )

2
De
2
Di
m f
r dr r 2 p M (5.32)
2
i
2
e
3
i
3
e
f
D D
D D
F
3
1
M

(5.33)
d

F
cuzinet (2)
fus (1) B
p
m
r F
d

p
m

/2 +/2

d
p
max

r
F
p
11
( )


2
De
2
Di
2
De
2
Di
dr pr 2 dr r 2 p F (5.34)
( )
2
D D
r p 2 F
i e

(5.35)
( ) r D D
F
p
i e

, pentru r = D
i
2,
( )
i i e
max
D D D
F 2
p

si pentru r = D
e
2
( )
e i e
min
D D D
F 2
p

(5.36)
( ) ( )


2
De
2
Di
2
De
2
Di
f
dr r pr 2 r dr r 2 p M (5.37)
( ) ( ) ( )
2
i
2
e
2
i
2
e
f
D D pr
4 8
D D
pr 2 M

(5.38)
Pentru ( )
( )
i e
D D
F
r p

: ( )
i e f
D D F
4
1
M + (5.39)
(pm v) (p v)admisibil, respectiv (pmax v) (p v)admisibil (5.40)
















Figura 5.8.a Figura 5.8.b Figura 5.9
( )
( )

'

+ + +
dF
2
d
cos dF dF F dF
d F
2
d
sin dF F F dF dN
f
c
unde: dN dF
f
si s B d r
r
v
r dm r dF
2
2
2
c
, (5.41)
d v s B dF
2
f

(5.42)
2
v s B F
d
dF

(5.43)
2
v s B e C F +


(5.44)
2
2 2
v s B F C F F 0
(5.45)
( )
2 2
2
v s B e v s B F F +


(5.46)
( )
2 2
2 1
v s B e v s B F F +

(5.47)
D
M 2
F
t
u

(5.48)
2 1 u
F F F (5.49)

'

2
u 2
2
u 1
v s B
1 e
1
F F
v s B
1 e
e
F F
(5.50)
2 u
1
v s B e
1 e
F
F +

(5.51)
( )

,
_

e
1 e D B
F 2
d
2
D
B
dF d F
dA
dN
p
u c
s

(5.52)
Pentru
( ) 1 e D B
e F 2
p
u
max s max





(5.53)
F
fus axial
(pivot)

p
m
v
max
D
i
D
e
cuzinet
(patina)


p

v
max
uzura

F
dF
f


d

dN
F+dF
F
2
F
1
O
dF
c
D

M
t
ramura
pasiva
ramura
activa

roata
motoare
12
Pentru
( ) 1 e D B
F 2
p 0
u
max s max

(5.54)





5.10.a 5.10.b 5.10.c 5.10.d 5.10.e 5.10.f 5.10.g 5.10.h 5.10.i 5.10.j

S
b
b
H max H H H
H
H
B b p
2
db B p dS p F (5.55)
B b
F 2
p
H
max H max H

(5.56)
B E
F 8
E
1
E
1
B
F 4
b
ech 2
2
2
1
2
1
H

,
_

, unde
2 1
1 1 1

(5.57)
2
2
2
1
2
1
ech
E
1
E
1
2
E

+


(5.58)
B 2
E F
ech
max H

(5.59)
n cazul particular cilindru/plan,
1
= R,
2
, E
1
= E si, ipotetic, E
2
. Ca urmare,
E
1
2
2
E
2
ech

B E
R F
076 , 1 b
H

(5.60)
B R
E F
418 , 0
H

(5.61)













Figura 5.11 Figura 5.12 Figura 5.13
3 H H
k
F
2
3
b a

unde
2
2
2
1
2
1
2 1
E
1
E
1
,
1 1
k

+

(5.62)
3
2
max H
F
k
2
3 1

,
_

(5.63)

,
_

+ +
1
b
1 i fB fA fi
2 1 k F P P P (5.64)













Figura 5.14 Figura 5.15 Figura 5,15
D

F
i
F
i+1
F

d

d
ei

2
= 0
A
B

b
f
1
= k
f
2
= k
F
i
F
i

F
max
= F
1

F
2
= Fcos
F
3
= Fcos2

2
a
H
b
H
b
H
F

2
F = 0

r
= 0
B F

r
= 0

H
= p
Hmax
b
H
b
H
N = R =F
k

H max
F
13

,
_

,
_

+
b
ei
1 i
b
ei
1 i fi
d
d
1 k F
d 2
d
2 1 k F P (5.65)

,
_

b
ei
i
1
fi
fi
d
d
1 k F
P
M . Momentul de frecare total

,
_

+
i
b
i e
i f f
F
d
d
1 k M M (5.66)

F
4
F
i
(5.67)

,
_

b
ei
f
d
d
1 F k
4
M (5.68)
d
2
d
d
1
2
d
F k
4
M
b
ei
f

,
_

(5.69)

,
_

b
ei
r
d
d
1
d
k 8
<<
a
(5.70)
2
d
F M
r f
(5.71)

'

2
d
d
k F 2 P
m
1 b b
b i fi
(5.72)
b
m
1 i fi
d
d
k F P (5.73)

i
b
m
1
fi
f
F
d
d
k
P
M
(5.74)
2
d
F
d
d
F k M
r
b
m
f
(5.75)
b
m
r
d d
d k 2

<<
a (5.76)














Figura 5.17 Figura 5.18




















Figura 5.19 Figura 5.20 Figura 5.21
d
3
D
1
d
2
d

piulita

surubul

c)
d
3
d

d
2
p

a)
F

2
p

d
2

2
N

N

H

b)
N
N

N N

F
f
d
m
d
d
b

2
= 0

1
F
S
d
L
c
F

P
D
g
F
c
80%
= 12
autofrnare;
suruburi de strngere;
randament foarte mic

40
filet ferastrau = 6

2
filet triunghiular
sau trapezoidal
suruburi de miscare,
fara autofrnare (masini-unelte);
randament relativ ridicat.
14
( )
a
2
1
2
m
p
D d
z
F
4
p

(5.77)
( ) +
2
tg F H , unde
2
2
d
p
tg arc

(5.78)
( ) +
2
2 2
1 t
tg
2
d
F
2
d
H M (5.79)
( )
2
2 2
1 t
tg
2
d
F
2
d
F M (5.80)
Punnd conditia ca 0 M
1 t
, rezulta conditia de autofrnare
2
(5.81)
2
g
2
3
g
3
p 2
D S
D S
F
3
1
M

(5.82)
( )
2
g
2
3
g
3
p 2
2
cheie
D S
D S
F
3
1
tg
2
d
F M

+ + (5.83)
Pentru o cheie de lungime L
c
rezulta forta la cheie
c
cheie
cheie
L
M
F .
Pentru o lungime standardizata ( ) d 15 12 L
c
L , rezulta ( )
cheie
F 100 60 F L !
( ) ( ) +

2
2
2
2
2 c
u
tg
tg
tg F
tg F
d H
p F
L
L

Punnd conditia 0
d
d

pentru randamentul maxim

max
? , rezulta

42 41
2 4
opt
K .
(5.84)


5 , 0
2
tg 1
tg 1
tg 2
tg
2 tg
tg
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

!
(5.85)
( )
( )
1
1
]
1

+ +

+


2
g
2
3
g
3
p 2
2
2
2
2 1 t
1 t
D S
D S
3
1
tg
2
d
F
tg
2
d
F
2 M M
2 M
sau
(5.86)
( )
( )
2
g
2
2
3
g
3
p 2
2
D S d
D S
3
2
tg
tg

+ +

(5.87)















Figura 5.22


( )
r 2
2
t
tg
2
d
F M + (5.88)
Momentul este similar cu cel al cuplei surubpiulita cu alunecare, iar unghiul de frecare redus este

sin d
k 2
tg arc
2
r
.
n acest caz randamentul atinge valori de 8085%, iar puterea pierduta prin frecare este de 50100 de ori mai mica dect n cazul
suruburilor cu alunecare.

2
d
2
F