RUNNING HEAD: GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO

SCHIZOPHRENIA 1
Genetic Abnorm!itie" " T#e$ Re!te to Sc#i%o&#reni
Emi!$ Prrott
B$"i'e Hi(# Sc#oo!

GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA )
Ab"trct
Sc#i%o&#reni i" 'i"e"e o* t#e min'+ n' **ect" &er"on!it$ n' be#,ior- It i" 'n(ero." in
t#t it cn **ect n$one+ n' i(nore" n$ 'i**erence" in rce+ (en'er+ or (ener! ttrib.te" o*
#.mn- /#i!e "e,er! t$&e" o* "c#i%o&#reni #,e been i'enti*ie'+ "o *r no 0no1n c.re" #,e
been 'e,e!o&e'- C.rrent!$ on!$ certin 'e&re""nt" re ."e'- 2ort.nte!$+ t#ro.(# recent "t.'$+
it #" been "#o1n t#t 2r(i!e 3 S$n'rome 4G!e+ )5167 m$ &ro,i'e t#e !in0 bet1een
"c#i%o&#reni n' (enetic"- E8&!orin( t#t !in0 m$ !e' to ne1 c.re" in t#e "c#i%o&#renic n'
&"$c#o!o(ic! *ie!'"- /#en t#e !in0 bet1een "c#i%o&#reni n' (enetic" i" *o.n'+ t#ere m$ be
#o&e *or c.re-
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA 6
Genetic Abnorm!itie" " T#e$ Re!te to Sc#i%o&#reni
Im(ine bein( in cro1'e' room 1it# &eo&!e "cremin( t $o. *rom !! 'irection"+ "ome
$e!!in( enco.r(ement"+ "ome "#o.tin( ob"cenitie"- No1 im(ine !! t#e"e &eo&!e cro1'e' into
$o.r #e'- T#i" i" 1#t o,er mi!!ion &eo&!e #,e to 'e! 1it# on 'i!$ b"i"- Sc#i%o&#reni i"
r&i'!$ (ro1in( &rob!em- It **ect" e,er$one+ no mtter 1#t rce or (en'er- Sc#i%o&#reni
m$ not be t#e mo"t common ment! i!!ne""+ b.t &eo&!e "ti!! nee' to be 1re o* it- T#i"
'n(ero." ment! i!!ne"" i" *o.n' in *i,e t$&e" 1it# on!$ *e1 0no1n c."e"+ none o* t#em
c.rb!e+ b.t 1it# t#e 'i"co,er$ o* it" !in0 to 2r(i!e 3 "$n'rome+ it m$ #,e c.re in "i(#t-
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA 9
Genetic Abnorm!itie" " T#e$ Re!te to Sc#i%o&#reni
Sc#i%o&#reni+ in 1#o!e+ i" &"$c#o!o(ic! 'i"or'er t#t &re,ent" &tient" *rom 0ee&in(
in to.c# 1it# re!it$ 4Sc#i%o&#reni+ )55:7- T#e nme it"e!* c!!" to min' &ict.re" o* con,ict"
n' "tri(#t;c0et"+ b.t in re!it$+ "c#i%o&#reni i" not t#t "e,ere o* &"$c#o!o(ic! con'ition-
Mo"t t$&e" o* "c#i%o&#renic" re ct.!!$ #rm!e"" to t#e &eo&!e ro.n' t#e &tient- 2ort.nte!$+
"c#i%o&#reni i" e"i!$ 'i(no"e'- A &tient ".**erin( *rom "c#i%o&#reni i" &!ce' into one o*
*i,e cte(orie" *ter bein( 'i(no"e'-
The Five Types of Schizophrenia
Prnoi' "c#i%o&#reni i" t#e mo"t common t$&e o* "c#i%o&#reni- It #" more
"#oc0in( ,!.e t#n n$ o* t#e cte(orie"- Ptient" 1it# &rnoi' "c#i%o&#reni m$ e8&erience
#!!.cintion" or 'e!."ion" 4Sc#i%o&#reni+ )55:7- De!."ion" inc!.'e t#in0in( t#t re!it$ i" not
!! re!+ or t#t t#e &tient i" not 1#o t#e$ t#in0 t#e$ re- H!!.cintion" inc!.'e <#erin( ,oice"=
or "eein( t#in(" t#t 'o not re!!$ e8i"t- Some 'r.(" #,e #i(# re!te b!e to "c#i%o&#reni+ b.t
o* co.r"e t#e e**ect" re !e"" !"tin(- T#i" t$&e o* "c#i%o&#reni (ener!!$ c."e" more 'et#"
t#n t#e ot#er"-
Di"or(ni%e' "c#i%o&#reni i" !e"" "e,ere t$&e o* "c#i%o&#reni- Li0e !! t$&e" o*
"c#i%o&#reni+ it i" 1i'e"&re'+ b.t .n!i0e ot#er 0in'"+ t#i" i" more o* !ernin( 'i"bi!it$-
Ptient" 1it# 'i"or(ni%e' "c#i%o&#reni #,e <con*."e'+ 'i"or(ni%e' &ttern" o* "&eec#+
t#o.(#t+ n' be#,ior= 4Sc#i%o&#reni+ )55:7- T#e$ o*ten re c!.m"$ n' "i!!$+ !c0in(
coor'intion n' *ine motor "0i!!" in "ome c"e"- Di"or(ni%e' "c#i%o&#reni 1" t one &oint
c!!e' Hebe&#reni 4Sc#i%o&#reni+ )55:7-
Cttonic "c#i%o&#reni i" !itt!e 0no1n t$&e o* "c#i%o&#reni- Ptient" 1it# cttonic
"c#i%o&#reni #,e 101r' &o"t.re n' mo,ement- M.c# !i0e t#o"e 1it# 'i"or(ni%e'
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA >
"c#i%o&#reni+ t#e$ !c0 coor'intion- Un!i0e t#o"e 1it# 'i"or(ni%e' "c#i%o&#reni+ it i" more
0in to OCD 4Ob"e""i,e Com&.!"i,e Di"or'er7 in t#t &tient 1i!! re&et certin ction" (in
n' (in- Some &tient" e,en (o in to 10in( com"+ 1#ere t#e$ "t$ in one &o"ition *or ,er$
!on( time 1it#o.t mo,in( 4Sc#i%o&#reni+ )55:7-
Not m.c# i" to be "i' on t#e to&ic o* .n'i**erentite' "c#i%o&#reni+ ot#er t#n t#t it i"
t#e en'?!! cte(or$ o* "c#i%o&#renic"- It i" *or &eo&!e 'i(no"e' 1it# "ome *orm o*
"c#i%o&#reni+ b.t t#e inbi!it$ to *it into ;."t one o* t#e cte(orie" 4Sc#i%o&#reni+ )55:7- 2or
e8m&!e+ &tient m$ e8&erience #!!.cintion"+ b.t !"o #,e tro.b!e 1it# motor contro! n'
"ometime" "t$ "ti!! *or !on( &erio'"- Since t#e$ re .nb!e to c!""i*$ t#i" &tient " ;."t one o*
t#e cte(orie"+ t#e &"$c#itri"t 1i!! 'i(no"e t#e &tient 1it# .n'i**erentite' "c#i%o&#reni-
Re"i'.! "c#i%o&#reni bre!$ c!""i*ie" " ct.! "c#i%o&#reni- T#e"e &tient" #,e
e8&erience' one "c#i%o&#renic e&i"o'e+ b.t no1 'i"&!$ none o* t#e m;or "$m&tom"
4Sc#i%o&#reni+ )55:7- T#i" i" "imi!r to reco,erin( PTSD c"e" 4Po"t Tr.mtic Stre""
Di"or'er7+ 1#o no !on(er e8&erience t#e 1or"t o* t#eir con'ition- Re"i'.! "c#i%o&#renic" m$
#,e re!&"e e&i"o'e"+ b.t ot#er t#n t#t t#e e**ect" re (one *rom t#eir "$"tem"-
Current Treatment for Schizophrenia
Un*ort.nte!$+ not m.c# i" 0no1n bo.t "c#i%o&#reni- C.rrent!$+ t#e c."e" o*
"c#i%o&#reni re "ti!! .n0no1n 4Ntion! In"tit.te" o* He!t#+ )55@7- Tretment" (ener!!$ *oc."
on tretin( t#e "$m&tom"+ ".c# " e!imintin( t#e #!!.cintion"+ ot#er1i"e b!ncin( t#e brinA"
c#emic!" 4Ntion! In"tit.te" o* He!t#+ )55@7- /it#o.t "&eci*ic c."e"+ "c#i%o&#reni i"
b"ic!!$ n .ntretb!e 'i"e"e- T#e t#ree 1$" "c#i%o&#reni i" trete' re: Anti&"$c#otic
me'iction+ &"$c#o"oci! tretment"+ or not t !! 4Ntion! In"tit.te" o* He!t#+ )55@7-
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA B
Treatments
T#e min t$&e o* tretment come" t#ro.(# nti&"$c#otic me'iction"- T#e"e #,e been
,i!b!e to !! "c#i%o&#renic &tient" "ince t#e mi''!e o* t#e 1@>5"+ 1#en t#e$ 1ere *ir"t
'e,e!o&e' 4NIH+ )55@7- T#e"e re mo"t!$ in t#e *orm o* &i!!" or "$r.&+ 'e&en'in( on (e- T#e"e
inc!.'e T#or%ine+ H!'o!+ Etr*on+ Tri!*on+ n' Pro!i8in+ 1#ic# !! #e!& tret bre0" 1it#
re!it$ n' ".&&re"" #!!.cintion" 4NIH+ )55@7- Un*ort.nte!$+ t#e"e &ro'.ct"+ !i0e !!
me'iction"+ #,e "ome "i'e e**ect" t#t re "ometime" !e"" &!e"nt t#n t#e ct.! con'ition-
T#e"e cn inc!.'e 'ro1"ine""+ 'i%%ine""+ b!.rre' ,i"ion+ r&i' #ertbet+ ".n "en"iti,it$+ r"#e"+
n' in "ome 1omen+ men"tr.! &rob!em" 4NIH+ )55@7- 2ort.nte!$+ mo"t o* t#e"e "i'e e**ect" (o
1$ C.ic0!$+ n' !e,e t#e e**ect o* "tbi!i%in( &tient- I* t#e"e nti&"$c#otic me'iction" re
t0en !on( 1it# &"$c#o"oci! tretment"+ t#e$ cn #e!& &tient" !e' norm! !i,e" 4Mo.nt Sini
Ho"&it! Ptient Cre+ )5197-
<P"$c#o"oci! tretment" cn #e!& &eo&!e 1it# "c#i%o&#reni t#t re !re'$ "tbi!i%e'
on nti&"$c#otic me'iction+= "$" t#e Ntion! In"tit.te o* He!t# 4NIH+ )55@7- T#e"e
tretment" re min!$ t#er&$+ ment to ""i"t t#e &tient in (ettin( bc0 to !i*e " t#e$ 0ne1 it-
T#e"e tretment" re mo"t!$ mn(ement tec#niC.e"+ !i0e n(er mn(ement n' (ro.&
'i"c.""ion"- T#e Ntion! In"tit.te o* He!t# !"o "$"+ <Ptient" 1#o recei,e re(.!r
&"$c#o"oci! tretment !"o re more !i0e!$ to 0ee& t0in( t#eir me'iction+ n' t#e$ re !e""
!i0e!$ to #,e re!&"e" or be #o"&it!i%e'-=4NIH+ )55@7-
Untreated Schizophrenia
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA :
/#en "c#i%o&#reni (oe" .ntrete'+ t#e o.tcome cn be b!e0- In *ct+ .ntrete'
"c#i%o&#renic" o*ten become 1#t t#e &.b!ic t#in0" t#e$ re!!$ re- T#e"e &tient" become
".ici'! n' &rnoi' me""e"+ o*ten en'in( .& in ;i! or in ment! 1r'"- Mo"t ;."t "in0 'ee&er
n' 'ee&er into t#e 1or!' t#e$A,e crete' *or t#em"e!,e" 4Mo.nt Sini Ho"&it! Ptient Cre+
)5197-
The Causes of Schizophrenia
Sc#i%o&#reni #" mn$ c."e"+ b.t t#e mo"t ne1!$ *o.n' one i" (enetic c."e- Be*ore
t#t c."e 1" *i(.re' o.t+ mo"t "c#i%o&#reni 1" t#o.(#t to #,e come *rom t#e en,ironment
".rro.n'in( &er"on- Certin ,ir! in*ection"+ ".c# " ,ir! ence&#!iti"+ c."e &rob!em" t#t cn
!e' to "c#i%o&#reni- Ot#er c."e"+ ".c# " c#emic! imb!nce *rom birt#+ cn !e' to
"c#i%o&#reni i* t#e ri(#t cre i" not t0en imme'ite!$ 4Sc#i%o&#reni+ )55:7- Mo"t recent!$
*o.n' 1" t#e (enetic c."e- <2r(i!e 3 "$n'rome i" t#e mo"t common *orm o* in#erite' ment!
retr'tion- In'i,i'.!" 1it# t#i" con'ition #,e 'e,e!o&ment! 'e!$+ ,rib!e !e,e!" o* ment!
retr'tion+ n' be#,ior! n' emotion! 'i**ic.!tie"- T#e$ m$ !"o #,e c#rcteri"tic &#$"ic!
trit"- Gener!!$+ m!e" re more "e,ere!$ **ecte'+ n' *em!e" .".!!$ #,e mi!'er *orm o* t#e
'i"e"e+= "$" G!e rtic!e on 2r(i!e 3 "$n'rome+ t#e one 0no1n (enetic c."e o*
"c#i%o&#reni 42r(i!e 3 S$n'rome+ )55:7-
Fragile X Syndrome in Relation To Schizophrenia
2r(i!e 3 "$n'rome i" "$n'rome t#t #m&er" t#e 'e,e!o&ment o* certin &rotein"
e""enti! to 'e,e!o&ment- It i" crrie'+ !i0e mo"t m.ttion"+ on one or bot# o* t#e 3 c#romo"ome"
in *em!e- In'i,i'.!" 1it# t#i" "$n'rome "eem norm! t *ir"t+ b.t !ter "#o1 "i(n" o* ment!
im&irment 42r(i!e 3 S$n'rome+ )55:7- T#i" "$n'rome i" *ir!$ common one+ b.t recent!$
tem *o.n' t#t t#i" (ene incre"e" t#e ri"0 o* 'e,e!o&in( "c#i%o&#reni- <A co!!borti,e tem
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA D
o* re"erc#er" inc!.'in( "cienti"t" *rom UCLA #" .nco,ere' e,i'ence t#t "&eci*ic (enetic
!tertion &&er" to contrib.te to 'i"or'er" o* brin 'e,e!o&ment+ inc!.'in( "c#i%o&#reni- T#e$
!"o *o.n' t#t "c#i%o&#reni "#re" common bio!o(ic! &t#1$ 1it# 2r(i!e 3 ment!
retr'tion "$n'rome+ 'i"or'er ""ocite' 1it# bot# inte!!ect.! im&irment n' .ti"m+= "$"
Mr0 /#ee!er+ 1ritin( *or t#e ULCA Ne1"room- 4/#ee!er+ )5167- T#e"e "cienti"t ,i"ite' t#e
"c#i%o&#reni c&it! o* t#e 1or!'+ Nort#e"t 2in!n'+ n i"o!te' re 1#ere "c#i%o&#reni rte"
re t#ro.(# t#e roo*- T#e$ *o.n' t#i" common bnorm!it$ t#ro.(# mo"t !ine(e"+ n' &.b!i"#e'
t#t it mi(#t be t#e "tron(e"t (enetic !in0 to "c#i%o&#reni 4/i!!im"+ S-+ McMin"+ E-+ F Go!*+
C- + )5167-
The Positive Effects of this Ne !rea"through
/it# ne1 (enetic !in0+ &o""ibi!itie" *or c.rin( "c#i%o&#reni no1 e8i"t- Gene t#er&$
*or 2r(i!e 3 i" &o""ib!e+ n' it cn be *.rt#er "t.'ie' *or more in*ormtion- It i" !"o more
&o""ib!e to i'enti*$ "c#i%o&#reni n' ri"0" *or "c#i%o&#reni- /it# more in*ormtion on t#i"
(ene+ t#e 1or!' cn !mo"t be "c#i%o&#reni *ree- No1 *.t.re *or &eo&!e 1it# "c#i%o&#reni i"
&o""ibi!it$ 4/#ee!er+ )5167-
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA @
Conclusion
Sc#i%o&#reni i" "erio." ment! i!!ne""- /#i!e it" "$m&tom" n' "i(n" re 'i,er"e
eno.(# to "e&rte t#e i!!ne"" into not t1o or t#ree b.t *i,e 'i**erent cte(orie" 4G!e+ )55:7+
t#ere re no 0no1n c.re"- Ho1e,er+ 1it# t#e recent 'i"co,er$ o* t#e (enetic !in0 to 2r(i!e 3
"$n'rome+ c.re m$ no1 be &o""ib!e 4NIH+ )5167- /it# (ene t#er&$ n' ot#er mo'ern
me'icine+ "c#i%o&#reni m$ become n e"i!$ *i8e' &rob!em 4Mo.nt Sini Ho"&it! Ptient
Cre+ )5197-
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA 15
Re*erence"
2r(i!e 3 "$n'rome- 4)55:7- In /or!' o* Genetic"- G!e- Retrie,e' *rom
#tt&:HHic-(!e(ro.&-comHicH"cicHRe*erenceDeti!"P(eHRe*erenceDeti!"/in'o1I
C.er$JF&ro'I'JSCICFcontentMo'.!e"JF'i"&!$Gro.&NmeJRe*erenceF!imiterJF'i
"b!eHi(#!i(#tin(J*!"eF'i"&!$Gro.&"JF"ortB$JF"erc#K1it#inKre".!t"JF&JSCICF
ctionJ)FctI'JFcti,it$T$&eJF'oc.mentI'JGALE
L:CCE)966>551@1F"o.rceJBoo0mr0F.J,K"K1)DK5>65F;"i'J5@1Dc:e)**@eB9B9B
:c@>*91*bB'9@
M.tte' Gene" in Sc#i%o&#reni M& to Brin Net1or0" ? Ntion! In"tit.te" o* He!t# 4NIH7-
4)516+ A.(."t 1)7- U-S Ntion! Librr$ o* Me'icine- 'oi: 15-151BH;-ce!!-)516-5B-59@-
PMID: )6@1161@-
Sc#i%o&#reni- 4)55:7- In Sic0M- G!e- Retrie,e' *rom
#tt&:HHic-(!e(ro.&-comHicH"cicHRe*erenceDeti!"P(eHRe*erenceDeti!"/in'o1I
C.er$JF&ro'I'JSCICFcontentMo'.!e"JF'i"&!$Gro.&NmeJRe*erenceF!imiterJF'i
"b!eHi(#!i(#tin(Jtr.eF'i"&!$Gro.&"JF"ortB$JF"erc#K1it#inKre".!t"JF&JSCICF
ctionJ)FctI'JFcti,it$T$&eJF'oc.mentI'JGALE
L:CCE)B96@5515@F"o.rceJBoo0mr0F.J,K"K1)DK5>65F;"i'JD15'>@B1)DcD9)@'
6)@'D)Bc'b555>'
/#ee!er+ M- 4)516+ A.(."t >7- Team finds gene mutation that increases risk of schizophrenia,
learning impairment / UCLA Newsroom- Retrie,e' Nn.r$ 16+ )519+ *rom
#tt&:HHne1"room-.c!-e'.H&ort!H.c!H(ene?m.ttion?*o.n'?t#t?incre"e"?)9::1)-"&8
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES AS THEY RELATE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA 11
/i!!im"+ S-+ McMin"+ E-+ F Go!*+ C- 4)516+ M$ )D7- 2mi!$ St.'ie" S.((e"t Rre Genetic
M.ttion" Tem U& To C."e Sc#i%o&#reni ? 5>H)DH)516- 2mi!$ St.'ie" S.((e"t Rre
Genetic M.ttion" Tem U& To C."e Sc#i%o&#reni ? 5>H)DH)516- Retrie,e' Nn.r$
16+ )519+ *rom
#tt&:HH111-#o&0in"me'icine-or(Hne1"Hme'iHre!e"e"H*mi!$K"t.'ie"K".((e"tKrreK(ene
ticKm.ttion"KtemK.&KtoKc."eK"c#i%o&#reni
Mo.nt Sini Ho"&it! Ptient Cre- 4)5197- Retrie,e' Nn.r$ 16+ )519+ *rom
111-mo.nt"ini-or(H&tient?creH#e!t#?!ibrr$H'i"e"e"?n'?con'ition"H*r(i!e?8?
"$n'rome