2547

ISBN 974 464 083 - 9

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEXICAL ITEMS OF THE NORTHERN

THAI DIALECTS IN FAILAUNG SUBDISTRICT LAPLAE DISTRICT
UTTARADIT PROVINCE, BANTUK SUBDISTRICT SISATCHANALAI
DISTRICT SUKHOTHAI PROVINCE AND TAK- OK SUBDISTRICT
BANTAK DISTRICT TAK PROVINCE

By
Yuwaret Wuttheerapon

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

MASTER OF ARTS
Department of Oriental Languages
Graduate School
SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY
2004
ISBN 974 464 083 - 9

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K. 44103207 :
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:

(A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEXICAL ITEMS OF THE
NORTHERN THAI DIALECT IN FAILAUNG SUBDISTRICT, LAPLAE DISTRICT, UTTARADIT
PROVINCE, BANTUK SUBDISTRICT, SISATCHANALAI DISTRICT, SUKHOTHAI PROVINCE AND
TAK OK SUBDISTRICT, BANTAK DISTRICT, TAK PROVINCE) : .
. 369 . ISBN 974 464 083 9.


2,144
17 15
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3 3 1
3 1,009 47.17 2
3 429 20.06 3
701 32.77
3

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...
. ...

2547

K 44103207 : MAJOR : THAI EPIGRAPHY

KEY WORD : COMPARATIVE STUDY / A NORTHERN THAI DIALECT
/UTTARADIT / SUKHOTHAI / TAK /
YUWARET WUTTHEERAPON : A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEXICAL ITEMS
OF THE NORTHERN THAI DIALECT IN FAILAUNG SUBDISTRICT, LAPLAE DISTRICT,
UTTARADIT PROVINCE, BANTUK SUBDISTRICT, SISATCHANALAI DISTRICT, SUKHOTHAI
PROVINCE AND TAK - OK SUBDISTRICT, BANTAK DISTRICT, TAK PROVINCE. THESIS
ADVISOR : ASST. PAYAU CHAROENCHAI . 369 pp. ISBN 974 464 083 - 9 .

The purpose of this thesis is to study and compare lexical items of Northern Thai Dialect
in Failaung Subdistrict Laplae District Utaradit Province, Bantuk Subdistrict Sisatchanalai
District Sukhothai Province and Tak - ok Subdistrict Bantak District Tak Province. A wordlist of
2,144 items is constructed specially for this study and classified into 17 lexical field. Interviews were
conducted with 15 informants (5 from each province), who were selected as representative speakers
of the Northern Thai Dialect. The selection of informants was controlled by social factors of age,
occupation, education and residence.
The analysis of the data reveals that there are 3 categories of lexical usage:
The first category is represented by the same lexical items in 3 locations, which consists of 1,009 or
47.17 percents of the total number of items. The second category is represented by completely
different lexical items in 3 locations, which consists of 431 or 20.16 percents of the total number of
items and the third category is represented by the same lexical items in 2 locations but not in the
other, which consists of 699 or 32.67 percents of the total number of items. The extent of lexical
similarity among these dialects in 3 locations confirms that they are all sub-dialects of the Northern
Thai Dialect.
The numbers of lexical differences between the Failaung Subdistrict Dialect, Bantuk
Subdistrict Dialect and Tak - ok Subdistrict Dialect are compared, it is found that the numbers of
lexical differences in Tak - ok differ from the other 2 dialects more than the numbers of differences
between Failaung and Bantuk. For comparing the same and difference in each one lexical field, it is
found that class 13 is the most same lexical items and class 16 is the most different lexical items.
Department of Oriental language Graduate school, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2004
Students signature
Thesis Advisors signature .

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(11. 621 )

// - // (1 )

55

55

(16.12 (
))

74

-
// - // (3 )

(11. 287 ())

// - // (2 )

(11. 317 ())

// - / / (2 )

11

(11. 621 )

55

// - / / (2 )

(14. 18 (,))

// - // (1 )

545

545

(4. 28

75

-
// - // (1 )

(12. 26 ())

// - / / (3 )

/4

(11. 413 )

/ 0

// - // (2 )

02

02 (1. 3 )

// - / / (3 )

/22

/2 3

(5. 10 )

2.1.3
-

2.1.3

76

// - // (1 )

(12. 62 ())

// - // (1 )

001

001 (15. 20

)

// - // (2 )

(11. 65 ,())

// - // (93 )

(1. 35 )

// - // (2 )

14

14

(5. 36 ())

// - / / (1 )

(11. 315 ())

77

2.1.4

2.1.4

-
// - // (4 )

05

20

(4. 19 )

// - // (2 )

01

01

(11. 10 ,)

// - // (2 )

(11. 115 ())

78

// - / / (1 )

020

0 20

(15. 65 )

// - // (1 )

5500

5500

(12. 73
)

// - // (4 )

11

11

(5. 27 )

// - / / (3 )

400 -

4 0 0

(5. 22 )

79

2.1.5

2.1.5

-
// - // (1 )

1/20

1/20

(5. 64 )

-
// - // (1 )

01

02

(5. 44 )

// - // (1 )

(14. 28 ())

// - / / (2 )

00 0

0 1 0

(17.36)

80

2.1.6

2.1.6

// - // (3 )

(11. 142 )

// - // (1 )

33

00

(12. 188 ())

// - // (3 )

11

11

(5. 2 )

// - // (3 )

11

41

(5. 2 )

81

// - / / (1 )

5/5

(12. 135 )

1/1

-
// - // (1 )

102 -

10 2

(16. 4
( ))

-
// - // (1 )

(12. 164 ())

-
// - // (2 )

3 05

3 05

(11. 405 )

82

-
// - / / (1 )

0/0

(10. 6 )

0/ 0

2.1.7

- 2.1.7

// - // (1 )

(4. 12 )

// - // (1 )

40

10

(5. 2 )

// - // (4 )

0/5 -

0/5

(9. 25 )

83

// - // (1 )

01

(5. 9 )

02

// - // (1 )

(12. 213 )

// - // (2 )

00

(5. 18 )

00

// - // (3 )

11

11

(3. 2 )

2.2
3
2.2.1
2.2.1

- - - -

84

// - // (6 )

// - // (2 )

// - // (7 )

21 -

// - // (4 )

(2. 1 )

(11. 439 )

(5. 29 )
(11. 210 )
3

- - - -

// - // (3 )
( 2

3/1

3/1

(4. 8
))

- - - -

// - // (14 )

1 25

1 25

(15. 2
)

85

// - / / (2 )
0

005

(5. 11 )

2.2.2
2.2.2
- - - -

// - // (1 )
// - // (1 )

5
03

00

(12. 92 ())
(12. 159 )

- - - -

// - // (1 )

/5

/1

(11. 380 ())

86

2.2.3
2.2.3
- - - -

// - // (4 )

10

// - // (1 ) 5 00

00

5 00

(11. 581 )
(5. 16)

- - - -

// - // (6 )

(1. 7 )

3.

87

205

04

01

302 -

453

40 2

0/05

021

00

051

20

01

002

(1. 4 )

(4. 3 )

(4. 4 )

(5. 30 )

(5. 20 )
(5. 24 )
(7. 1 )

(9. 31 )

(11. 6 )

(12. 3 )

(14. 2 )

(17. 26 ())
(17. 134 )
25
4

4.

40

05

44

00

11

21

21

43

5/5

(1. 39 )

(4. 22 )

(5. 13 )

(6. 17 )

(11. 590 )
(11. 614 )

(16. 27 )

(17. 19 )

(17. 103 )
00
0

88

501

51

(5. 18 )

101

11

001

01

0 4

(3. 6 )
(7. 5 )
(11. 233 )

5.


(partial assimilation)
(complete assimilation)

3
2

5.1 (progressive assimilation)

4 5.1 1

, : (
: , 2526), 20.
4
, ,
( : , 2544), 83.

89

5/4

54

(11. 114 )

5.2 (regressive assimilation)

5 5.2 1

50

50

(5. 11 )

2 3

32

32

23

53

2 5

03

20

23

22

53

25

14

4/1

23

302

5 2

25

14

41

(5. 30 )
(7. 5 19.00 .)
(8. 18 )
(8. 20 )
(8. 22 )
(8. 26 )
(12. 229 ,
)
(16. 13 )
(17. 62 )
(17. 67

, ,
( : , 2544), 83.

90

2,139 17
( 3 47 - 49)

2 3 4 5
6 8 5
5

-2

-3

-4

-8

48
11
10
45
159
31
11
18
43
24
346
130
8
23
25
6
55
993
46.42

25
16
12
52
79
15
2
7
28
18
237
106
1
16
26
10
47
697
32.60

11
5
8
28
27
9
12
2
8
19
81
60
1
10
15
8
28
332
15.52

1
1
5
14
12
3
1
3
19
21
8
2
5
95
4.44

4
3
2
1
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0.94

1
1
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1
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85
37
35
142
280
58
25
27
80
65
688
321
10
49
76
26
135
2,139
100

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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12
13
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91

1. 993 2,139
( 199 368) 46.42 1
17
1 48

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33

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.

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11 346

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95

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15 25

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96

2. 2 697 2,139
( 199 - 368) 32.60
1 17
1 25

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97

3 12

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422

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4 00

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5 78

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21

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98

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22

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31

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22

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9 28

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102

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12

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3. 3 332 2,139
( 199 - 368) 15.52
1 17
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111

4. 4 95 2,139
( 199 - 368) 4.44
1 1

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405

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5. 5 20 2,139
( 205 - 354) 0.94
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31

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3/5

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31

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120

10 1

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15 2

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34 1

41

54

51

3
41

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123

6. 6 1 2,139
( 227 - 247) 0.04 5

43

410

40
3 3
-

411

44 3

14 3

453

124

7. 8 1 2,139
( 271 - 314) 0.04 11

50

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1.
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2. 3 =
(.) (.) (.)

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3. 2 =
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125

126

5 5

5 5

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4.

41

11 0

1 2

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5. 1

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127
1 93 ( 6
172 178) 7
1. 3
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1 .=.=.
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1 2

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2.1 3 2 2
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128
2.2 2 1 1 1
4 6
4 .=.. 198

.
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03

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12

5 .=.. 100

.
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51

01 2

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0
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50
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6 .=.. 87

.
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53
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1 2

104

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2.3 2 2 7 9
7 .=..=. 13

.
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31

01

01

05

05

130
8 .=..=. 26

.
.

31

13

33

33

45

45

42

42

40

40

41 0

41 0

()

4 1
0

9 .=..=. 11

.
.

()

11

11

11

11

1 0

1 0

12 0

12 0

33

00

2.4 3 1 1
1 10 12
10 .=.=..
39

131

32

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42
2
45
4

42
2
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42
2
-

11 .=.=..

()

76
.

35

35

35

00

00

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132
12 .=.=..

94
.

1 3

1 3

1 3

11

45
1
-

45
1
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45
1
4 4

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12

12

12

12
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55

2.5 3 1 2
1 13 15
13 .=.=..=.
10

.
.
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50

50

00

00

00

40

40

00

40

00

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01

31

31

31

133
14 .=.=..=.

()

22

22

22

22

2
2
1

15 .=.=..=.

()

24
.

51

51

51

41

41

/0

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2
-

3. 3 8 39

3.1 3 3 3
3 ...
128

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0 54

204

10

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16 24
16 .=...
11

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40
1
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40
1
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2

135

31 /5

15

15

20
5

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19
.

5/1

5/1

2 5
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52

01

01

0 2
0 1

()

05

05

15 5

15

136
18 .=...

()

40

40

41

19 .=...

()

()

17
.

41

41

44

42

42

4 2

52

42
5
52

54

525

137
20 .=...

44

44

04

04

11

11

0 2
1
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1
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10

10

105

1010
0
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21 .=...

10

13
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3
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100

10
0
10

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0
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138

4 3

41

41

14
41

22 .=.(.)2 31

.
.

13

13

11

14

3 3

3 3

53

2/4

30 1

30 1

31 0
/ 2
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23 .=.(.)2

11
.

02
1
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10

10
10

23 4

01 2

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11
3
013

24 .=.(.)2

(,)

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5
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15

15

3.3 2 2 1 1
25 35
25 .=..=..
1

140

30 0
5
30 0
5
301

301

31

31

26 .=..=..

05

00

40

40 5

27 .=..=..

4
.

4/2
1
40

4 1

40

4 4

3 0

3 0

30

141

()

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28 .=..=..

()

04

04

000
1

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29 .=..=..

3
.

04

020
2
04

020
2
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00

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142
30 .=..=..

01
15
-

01
15
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15

15

01
0
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0
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11

11

1 3

50

5 0

/5

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31 .=..=..

1
.

143
32 .=..=..

45

45

1
45

33 (.=.)2.

()

4
.

504

504

24

204

510

544

544

504

504

53

00 1

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144
4
34 (.=.)2.

.
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5 1

31

31

35

35

/1/ 2

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35 (.=.)2.=.

1
.

3.4 3 1 2
1 36 40

145
36 .=.=...

()

21

20

20

25
1
-

02
1
-

37 .=.=...

()

3
.

/5

/5

/5

5/5

15

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146
38 .=.=...

42
/ 2

42
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42
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5
-

42 5
0
2

00

202

39 .=.=.(.)2

()

3
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41

05

05

05

0/4

55

40 .=.=.(.)2

147

02
4
-

02
4
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4
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02

02

025 0
5
02

00

3 02

02

02

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3.5 3 1 , 2 1
1 1 41 49
41 .=.=..=..
2

.
.
.

()

148
42 .=.=..=..

14

14

14
4

43 .=.=..=..

()

8
.

14

14

5 1

34

34

31

01

01

01

44 .=.=..=..

1
.

149
45 .=.=..=./.

46 .=.=..=..

()

()

1
.

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0 5

0 5

47 .=.=..=..

4
.

22

22

22

150
48 .=.=..=..

4
.

/ 2/ 0

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0 1

0 1

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1
1

15

15

01

49 .=.=..=..=.
1

.
.
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11

11

3.2 3 1 2 2
50
50 .=.=.(.=.)2
1

.
.
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04

04

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151
3.3 3 2 1
1 51
51 (.=.=.)2.
1

.
.
.

1/1

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173

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32
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47
48
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53
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55
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57
58
59
60

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175

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176

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54, 55, 6, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82,
83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,92 93 ( 6 172 178)
3.
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184
1 .=.=. 3
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2 ... 3 431
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53, 54, 55, 6, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81,
82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,92 93 ( 6 172 178)
3 .=..

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185


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Freeman, Michael. LANNA Thailand s Northern Kingdom. Bangkok : Amrin Printing and
Publishing Public Co. Ltd., 2001.