Grade 7 Bilingual Math

Simultaneous equations
Jackie.Zhou
Yantai Yew Wah International School
junzhou013@gmail.com
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 1 / 15
Equations: an identity with unknowns
Tell whether it is an equation or not
2x 4 = 8, 5 2 = 3, y = 3x 2, x
2
1 = 0
Linear equation: an equation in which the index for variables are all
one
Circle the linear equations below
2x 4 = 8, x + y = 4, x
2
1 = 0, x + y + z = 8
Especially, the equation x + y = 4 has two unknows, the index for these
two unknows is one, then we call equation x + y = 4 linear equation
with two unknows.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 2 / 15
Chickens and Rabbits in one cage: a famous
Chickens and rabbits are in the
same cage,
There are 35 heads, 94 foot,
How many chickens/rabbits
are there?
We assume there are x chickens and y rabbits in that cage
35 heads: x + y = 35
94 heads: 2x + 4y = 94
These two equations holds simultaneously:

x + y = 35
2x + 4y = 94
Simultaneous linear equations with two unknows: equations with two
unknows, and each unknow has index one
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 3 / 15
Circle simultaneous linear equations with two unknows

2x y = 6
y = 2

x
2
= 1
y x = 2

x + y = 6
y z = 2

x = 2
y = 1
For equations

x + y = 35
2x + 4y = 94
,
x + y = 35 has many solutions, x = 23, y = 12 is one solution.
2x + 4y = 94 has many solutions, x = 23, y = 12 is one solution.
The common solution

x = 23
y = 12
is the solution to

x + y = 35
2x + 4y = 94
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 4 / 15
1. Built equations: Mindy bough 9 stamps(50 cents and 80 cents) from
post oce, totally they cost her 6.3Yuan. Find the number of stamps for
each category.
2. Which ones of the followings are solutions to equation 2x + y = 10?

x = 2
y = 6

x = 3
y = 4

x = 4
y = 3

x = 6
y = 2
3. The solution to equation

x + 2y = 10
y = 2x
is

x = 4
y = 3

x = 3
y = 6

x = 2
y = 4

x = 4
y = 2
4.Built equations: In a class of 45 students, the number of boys is less
than twice of girls by 9. Find the number of boys and girls.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 5 / 15
Solving simultaneous linear equations
Eg. Solve

3x + 2y = 14
x = y + 3
Sol: Substitute x = y + 3 into 3x + 2y = 14
Then we have, 3(y + 3) + 2y = 14, i.e., 3y + 9 + 2y = 14 which has only
one unknow.
The unknows are Eliminated.
By solving 3y + 9 + 2y = 14, we have y = 1. And hence
x = y + 3 = 1 + 3 = 4.
Therefore the solution is

x = 4
y = 1
.
This method is called elimination by substitution, or substitution
method.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 6 / 15
Substitution method
Express one unknow with the other one from one equation
Substitute it into the other equation
Solve linear equation with one unknow.
Solve

4x + 3y = 5
x 2y = 4
(1) from equation , we have x = 2y + 4
(2) substitute into : 4(2y + 4) + 3y = 5
(3) simplify and solve: 8y + 16 + 3y = 5 which
gives y = 1
(4) x = 2y + 4 = 2 (1) + 4 = 2, thus the
solution is

x = 2
y = 1
.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 7 / 15
1. Use substitution method to solve each of the equations.
(1)

x 3y = 2
y = x
(2)

x 3y = 2
y = x
(3)

4x + 3y = 5
x 2y = 4
(4)

m
n
2
= 2
2m + 3n = 12
(5)

y = 2x
x + y = 12
(6)

3x 2y = 9
x + 2y = 3
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 8 / 15
Eg. Solve

3x + 5y = 21
2x 5y = 11
Sol1: (We can solve it by substitution method)
Sol2: +: 3x + 5y + 2x 5y = 21 + (11)
We have 5x = 10, which gives x = 2
Substitute x = 2 into : 3 2 + 5y = 21 which gives y = 3
Thus the solution is

x = 2
y = 3
In the above example, unknows was eliminated by adding the equations,
this method is called elimination by addition and subtraction, or
addition and subtraction method.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 9 / 15
Addition and subtraction method
Eliminate one unknow by addition or subtraction
Solve linear equation with one unknow.
Substitute back to the original equation.

2x 5y = 7
2x + 3y = 1
(1) -, we have 2x 5y (2x + 3y) = 7 1
(2) simplify and solve: 8y = 8 which gives y = 1
(3) substitute y = 1 into : 2x 5 1 = 7, which
gives x = 1
thus the solution is

x = 1
y = 1
.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 10 / 15
1. Use addition and subtraction method to solve each of the equations.
(1)

7x 2y = 3
9x + 2y = 19
(2)

6x 5y = 3
6x + y = 15
(3)

4x y = 14
5x + 3y = 31
(4)

4x + 7y = 19
4x 5y = 17
(5)

4x + 3y = 5
2x y = 5
(6)

3x 2y = 9
x + 2y = 3
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 11 / 15
Linear equation with two unknows & linear function
(1) How many solutions do x + y = 5 has? List some of them.
(2) Plot the points you get in a coordinate system. Are these points on
line y = x + 5?
(3) Take any point from line y = x + 5, is that a solution to equation
x + y = 5?
(4) What conclusion can you get?
x 1 2 3 4
y 4 3 2 1
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 12 / 15

x + y = 5
2x y = 1
Line one: y = x + 5
Line two: y = 2x 1
Point B: (2, 3)
Generally, Solving simultaneous linear equation with two unknows
Finding the coordinate of the intersection point of two lines.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 13 / 15
1. If the intersection point of line y = 3x 1 and y = 2x is (1, 2). Then
nd the solution to

3x y = 1
y = 2x
2. Given that the solution to

3x + y + 3 = 0
3x + 2y 6 = 0
is

x =
4
3
y = 1
. Try to
nd the coordinate of the intersection point between y = 3x 3 and
y =
3
2
x + 3.
3. The intersection point between y = 3x 5 and y = 2x + b is (1, 2).
Find the value of b and the solution to

y = 3x 5
y = 2x + b
4. The intersection point between y = 2x and y = x + b is (1, a). Find
the value of a, b and the solution to

2x y = 0
x + y b = 0
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Simultaneous equations 14 / 15