UNIVERSITATEA BUCURETI

FACULTATEA DE SOCIOLOGIE I ASISTEN SOCIAL

Specializarea:Proa!i"#e
LUCRARE DE DISERTAIE
PREVENIREA DELICVENEI JUVENILE
Coor$o#a%or &%ii#!i'ic: Gariel Oa#cea
A(ol)e#%: R"*+#$e(c" Lore$a#a A#ca

B"c"re&%i ,-.,
CUPRINS
Introducere
CAPITOLUL I CONSIDERAII GENERALE
1.1. Devin!. Co"#ort"ent devint
1.$. Cte%orii de devin!&
1.'. Devin! (i de)icven!
1.* Prevenire +i co",tere cu-e)or de)icventei .uveni)e
CAPITOLUL II An)i- etio)o%ic de)icventei .uveni)e. Cu-e)e cre
deter"in de)icvent .uveni)
$.1 An)i- etio)o%ic
$.$ A,ordre #+i/o)o%ic
$.' A,ordre +ocio)o%ic
$.* A,ordre .uridic
CAPITOLUL III 0 STUDIU ASUPRA UNUI GRUP DE 1INORI
DELINCVENI
'.1. Nece+itte cercet&rii #rctice
'.$. O,iective)e cercet&rii
'.'. Sco#u) cercet&rii
3.4. Ipoteze de lucru
'.2. 1etodo)o%ie
'.3. An)i- re-u)tte)or cercet&rii din teren
'.4. Conc)u-ii
CONCLU5II
ANE6E
,
7I7LIOGRA8IE
Introducere

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CAPITOLUL I
CONSIDERAII GENERALE
1.1. Deviana. Comportament deviant
De)ia#!a co#(%i%"ie a2(a2l"l co#$"i%elor1 (%+rilor pe care 2e2rii
"#"i 4r"p le >"$eca $rep% #eco#'or2e c" a&%ep%+rile1 #or2ele (a" )alorile lor &i
care 3# co#(eci#!+1 ri(c+ (+ %rezea(c+ $i# par%ea lor reproare &i (a#c!i"#i
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(i(%e2 (ocial $a% A e(%e "# co2por%a2e#% care rep"#e 3# ca"za a%0% #or2ele (ociale
c0% &i "#i%a%ea &i coezi"#ea (i(%e2"l"i7
,

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%i2p ce re(pec%area lor1ca"zeaza co#'or% &i realizarea a&%ep%+rilor per(o#ale 3#
rapor% c" ac!i"#ile celorlal!i 1 $e(pre care &%i2 c+ %re"ie (+ (e co2por%e la 'el7
Ace(%e e*i4e#!e #i le 3#("&i2 3#c+ $i# copil+rie 1 e$"ca!ia &i proce("l $e (ocializare
$ez)+l"i#$"5#e co#!i#"%"l lor7 Co#&%ie#%iz+2 a(%'el c+ e*i4e#!a co#'or2+rii la
re4"lile 4e#erale (e 2a#i'e(%+ ca o %e#$i#!+ B#or2al+B 1 e)al"a%+ pozi%i) 3# ca$r"l
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)aloriza%+ #e4a%i) pri# 'ap%"l c+ 32pie$ic+ $e('+&"rarea #or2al+ a )ie!ii $e 4r"p7
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#i)el"rile ei7
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3#c+ $i# .8@< a" 3#cerca% (+ o!i#+ $e'i#i!ia oiec%"l"i $e (%"$i" al (ocio5
cri2i#o4e#ezei7 Selli# $e'i#ea $e)ia#!+ ca a#(a2l"l co2por%a2e#%elor
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elaora%+ $e Selli# &i Cer%o#7 Ace&%i a"%ori o(er)+ c+ #" 3#%02pl+%or co#cep%"l $e
$e)ia#!+ a 3#loc"i% %rep%a% pe cel $e $eli#c)e#%+ 3# a#aliza &i cerce%area (ociolo4ic+7
Acea(%+ %ra#('or2are rez"l%+ $i# e'or%"l cerce%+%orilor pe#%r" $eli2i%area "#"i
c02p $e cerce%are por#i#$ $e la cri%erii &%ii#!i'ice7 Acea(%+ $eli2i%are r+20#e 3#c+
"# i$eal $e a%i#(1 c+ci rela!iile $i#%re le4ea pe#al+ &i #or2ele (ociale ("#% $epar%e
$e a 'i clar (%aili%e 1 'iecare $i# ace(%ea e)ol"0#$ 3#%r5"# ri%2 $i'eri% &i $epi#z0#$
$e 'or!e $i(%i#c%e: le4ea pe#al+ &i aplica!iile ei ("#% $epe#$e#%e $e proce(ele $e
$i'ere#!iere (ocial+ &i $e (%r"c%"ra p"%erii $e (%a%1 pe c0#$ #or2ele (ociale $epi#$
$irec% $e proce(ele (c6i2+rii (ociale7
A#aliza i#%erac!i"#ii $i#%re ace(%e )ariaile $i'eri%e co#(%i%"ie c02p"l $e
ac%i)i%a%e al (ocio5cri2i#o4e#ezei 1 a c+rei cea 2ai i2por%a#%+ a%ri"!ie co#(%+ 3# a
$e4a>a &i opera!io#aliza co2por%a2e#%ele cele 2ai per%i#e#%e ale $eli#c)e#%ei7
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pe #or2ele (ociale 1 %ra$"(+ 3# #o!i"#ea $e $e)ia#!+ 1 care co#'er+ reac!iei (ociale
"# rol pri)ile4ia%7 U#ele $i# $o2e#iile pri#cipale $e aplicare ("#% cele pri)i%oare la
cerce%+rile $e cri2i#olo4ie co2para%+ 1.a p(i6olo4ia >"ri$ic+ &i 2e$ici#a le4al+7
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ec6ilir"l (i(%e2"l"i (+" 13# %er2e#"l l"i Cer%o# 1 Bcare ("#% $i('"#c!io#aleB7
E*%e#(ia 1 4ra$"l &i i#%e#(i%a%ea $e)ia#!ei (ociale $epi#$ $e reac!ia p"lic+1
$e ap+rarea (ocial+ 'a!+ $e $i'eri%e aa%eri &i 3#c+lc+ri 1 $e 2+("ra 3# care ace(%ea
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$e #a%"ra &i 'or2a (a#c!i"#ilor ce li (e aplic+7 De aceea 1 e)al"area $e)ia#!ei
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ca (ocial2e#%e peric"loa(e pe#%r" (%r"c%"ra &i coezi"#ea (ocial+ a colec%i)i%+!ii1
prec"2 &i $e #a%"ra &i 'or!a (a#c!i"#ilor ce li (e aplica7
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co2por%a2e#%e ca 'ii#$ B#or2aleB (a" Ba#or2aleB $epi#$e $e #a%"ra #or2elor
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i#%er$ic!ii (e e*%i#$ c6iar a("pra co#("2"l"i $e ali2e#%e (a" alcool"l"i1 'ii#$
c"#o(c"%e $i# ace(% p"#c% $e )e$ere %a""rile &i pre(crip!iile reli4ioa(e ale
pop"la!iei 2"("l2a#e7 Le4ea (a" #or2a 2oral+ $ic%eaz+ $e cele 2ai 2"l%e ori
re4"la $e co2por%are 1 per2i!0#$ a cali'ica ceea ce e(%e B#or2alB (a" B$e)ia#%B7 U#
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#or2ele &i r+(p"#("rile 4e#eral accep%a%e care carac%erizeaz+ #or2ali%a%ea7
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"#ei 'or2e $e co2por%a2e#% per'ec% #or2al1 $ar i#co2pa%iil c" (%a#$ar$ele $e
co2pa%iili%a%e ale 4r"p"l"i7 /# pri2"l caz 1a)e2 $e a 'ace c" (%area $e oal+ (a"
c" i#capaci%a%ea '"#c!io#al+ a i#$i)i$"l"i 1 care 3i acor$+ ace(%"ia Boli4a!iiB &i
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#ei#%e4rare (ocial+ 1 $e%er2i#a%+ $e co#$i!iile $e 2e$i"1 i2plic0#$ #e4area
#or2elor $e az+ ale 4r"p"l"i (a" re)ol%a 32po%ri)a lor7
Sociolo4ii 'ac 1 $e al%'el1 $i(%i#c!ia 3#%re B$e)ia#!a pozi%i)+B 1 pri# care
i#$i)i$"l (e aa%e $e la (%a#$ar$ele B2e$ii B &i $e la (%ereo%ip"l co#'or2i(2"l"i
(ocial &i B$e)ia#!+ #e4a%i)+B1
:
pri# care i#$i)i$"l 3#calc+1 re'"z+ (a" el"$eaz+
i#$ica!iile $e az+7 De oicei1 per(o#ali%+!ile p"%er#ice1 2arii i#)e#%a%ori &i
i#o)a%ori care a$op%+ co2por%a2e#%e pe(%e B2e$ieB (e 3#ca$reaz+ 3# %ip"l $e
$e)ia#!+ pozi%i)+7
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Carioara Pe%c" A EDelic)e#%a7 Repere p(i6o(ocialeF1 p47.9<D
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i$e#%i'icarea (i e*plicarea ca"zelor (i co#$i%iilor care 4e#ereaza (i 'a)orizeaza
.:
i$e21 p47.9<D
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.9
ii$e21 p47.I.D
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I# $ec"r("l i(%oriei (ale1 o2e#irea a parc"r( #"2eroa(e e%ape i# l"p%a
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i#'rac%orilor7
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a(%'el (5a i2p"( o reorie#%are a ace(%eia1 i# (e#("l $e a (e 4a(i al%er#a%i)e la
pe$eap(a pe#ala (i la i#carcerare1 ca 2o$ali%a%i $e reaili%are a i#'rac%orilor7
S5a co#(%a%a% ca per(oa#ele care prezi#%a 4ra)e lac"#e e$"ca%io#ale1 i#
2area lor 2a>ori%a%e %i#eri1 i(i ca"%a re'"4i"l i# co2por%a2e#%e $e)ia#%e1 c"2 ar 'i
co#("2"l a"zi) $e alcool1 %o*ico2a#ia1 pro(%i%"%ia1 )iole#%a )erala (i 'izica (i1 i#
"l%i2a i#(%a#%a1 $elic)e#%a1 $ar i#%olera#%a1 a$e(eori #e>"(%i'ica%a1 pe care (ocie%a%ea
o are 'a%a $e a(%'el $e per(oa#e1 'ara a (e i#%ere(a $e a$e)ara%ele ca"ze ale ace(%or
co2por%a2e#%e1 e(%e cea care 'a)orizeaza 'olo(irea "#eori e*ce(i)a a 2a("rilor $e
izolare7
De(i i#c6i(oarea (5a $o)e$i% a 'i1 i# 4e#eral1 "# 2i>loc e'icie#% $e
pe$ep(ire1 #" poa%e 'i %o%"(i i4#ora% e'ec%"l p"%er#ic $e(ocializa#% al ace(%eia1 $aca
(e are i# )e$ere 'ap%"l ca1 i# po'i$a pro4ra2elor %o% 2ai $i)er(i'ica%e "%iliza%e i#
(i(%e2"l pe#i%e#ciar1 $e #a%"ra p(i6olo4ica1 e$"ca%io#ala1 (ociolo4ica1 #"2ar"l
reci$i)i(%ilor cre(%e i# 2o$ co#(%a#%1 ceea ce co#$"ce la co#cl"zia ca (%i42a%izarea1
2ar4i#alizarea1 $e(ocializarea ("#% a%a% $e p"%er#ice1 i#ca% %o% 2ai p"%i#i re"(e(c (a
i(i re'aca )ia%a (i (a (e rei#%e4reze i# (ocie%a%e $"pa e*ec"%area pe$ep(ei7
Ga(irea "#or #oi 2e%o$e $e %ra%a2e#% a $elic)e#%ei1 e(%e "#a $i#%re cele 2ai
i2por%a#%e pro)ocari pe care e)ol"%ia (ocie%a%ii o p"#e i# 'a%a pri#cipalelor
i#(%i%"%ii (pecializa%e: >"(%i%a (i a$2i#i(%ra%ia pe#i%e#ciara1 re2arca#$"5(e1 %o%o$a%a1
#ece(i%a%ea elaorarii (i a "#"i pro4ra2 $e %erapie (ociala a 'e#o2e#"l"i $e
$elic)e#%a1 i# 4e#eral (i a celei >")e#ile1 i# (pecial1 por#i#$ $e la c"#oa(%erea (i
,,
co2a%erea ca"zelor 4e#era%oare (i 'a)oriza#%e la #i)el 2acro(ocial1 p(i6o(ocial (i
i#$i)i$"al
.I
7
C!PI"#$U$ II
An)i- etio)o%ic& de)icven!ei .uveni)e. Cu-e)e cre deter"in&
de)icven! .uveni)&
2.1 !naliza etiologica
A#aliza e%iolo4ica e(%e 2arca%a $e preze#%a a $o"a orie#%ari pri#cipale A cea
psihologica (i cea sociologica7
Pri2a orie#%are (e co#cre%izeaza1 cel 2ai a$e(ea1 i#%r5o aor$are i#$i)i$"ala
a co2por%a2e#%"l"i (i par%ic"lari%a%ilor p(i6ice ale %a#ar"l"i $elic)e#%1 care
.I
Carioara Pe%c" A EDelic)e#%a7 Repere p(i6o(ocialeF1 p47,--D
,@
i#cearca (a e*plice $e)ia#%a pe#ala ca rez"l%a% al "#or %"l"rari $e co2por%a2e#% (i
per(o#ali%a%e $a%ora%e i#capaci%a%ii $e a$ap%are la e*i4e#%ele #or2a%i)e7
Cea $e a $o"a orie#%are1 p"#e acce#%"l pe co#$i%iile (i proprie%a%ile 2e$i"l"i
(ocial (i c"l%"ral1 co#(i$era#$ 'e#o2e#"l $e $elic)e#%a ca e'ec% al co#'lic%elor (i
co#%ra$ic%iilor e*i(%e#%e i# ca$r"l (i(%e2"l"i (ocial7
I#(a1 a2ele orie#%ari ("#% oli4a%e (a 'aca apel a%a% la 'ac%ori $e #a%"ra
p(i6ica ca% (i la 'ap%ori c" carac%er (ocial7 A(%'el1 orie#%area p(i6olo4ica1
prel"#4i#$"5(e i#%r5o $irec%ie care i#4loeaza per(pec%i)a p(i6olo4iei (ociale1 %i#e
(ea2a a%a% $e carac%erele i#$i)i$"ale ale $elic)e#%"l"i ca% (i $e proprie%a%ile
2e$i"l"i 'a2ilial care l5a 'or2a%1 iar1 la ra#$"l (a"1 orie#%area (ociolo4ica1 $e(i (e
oc"pa c" prio%a%e $e $e e)i$e#%ierea par%ic"lari%a%ilor 2e$i"l"i (ocial1 #" poa%e
e)i%a a#aliza 2o$"l"i $e 2a#i'e(%are a per(o#ali%a%ii7
2.2 !%ordarea p&i'ologica
Acea(%a orie#%are apare ca o #ece(i%a%e $e i#%re4ire a aor$arii #or2a%i)elor
>"ri$ice (i a $i2e#(i"#ii (ociale a $elic%"l"i1 c" i2plicarea pro'"#$a (i co2pleza a
i#$i)i$"ali%a%ii7
De'i#irea $elic)e#%ei1 $i# p"#c% $e )e$ere p(i6olo4ic1 a#4a>eaza1 $eci1
per(o#ali%a%ea i#$i)i$"ala i2plica%a i# ac%e i#'rac%io#ale7
P"#c%"l $e )e$ere p(i6olo4ic )izeaza o2"l co#cre%1 c"2 e*i(%a (i ac%io#eaza
i# 2e$i"l a2ia#%1 c"2 (e percepe (i (e e)al"eaza pe (i#e ca o ra('ra#4ere a
i2a4i#ii celorlal%i $e(pre (i#e1 percep"%a (i re)erera%a la #i)el"l i#%eriori%a%ii
(ale
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Per(pec%i)a p(i6olo4ica a $elic)e#%ei i#cearca (a e*plice i# ce 2a("ra
i#$i)i$"l $i(p"#e $e o capaci%a%e i#%elec%i)a1 a'ec%i)a1 )oli%i)a1 capaila (a 2e#%i#a
"# ec6ilir" i#%re i#%ere(ele1 #e)oile (i a(pira%iile (ale (i 2i>loacele le4i%i2e $e
realizare a ace(%ora7
Orie#%area p(i6olo4ica c"pri#$e 2ai 2"l%e $irec%ii $e aor$are1 "#a $i#%re
ele 'ii#$ cea Mp(i6a#ali%icaF care a%ri"ie %a#ar"l"i $elic)e#% o (%r"c%"ra
M#e)ro%icaF1 2a#i'e(%a%a pri# co#'lic%e i#%ra (i i#%erper(o#ale1 ca"za%e $e cli2a%"l
'a2ilial #e'a)orail
.<
7
Pro'il"l p(i6oco2por%a2e#%al al $elic)e#%"l"i 2i#or (e carac%erizeaza pri#
i2a%"ri%a%e a'ec%i)a (i (ociala1 rezi(%e#%a (caz"%a (a" 'r"(%a%ie1 )aloare cre(c"%a a
a4re(i)i%a%ii (i o(%ili%a%ii1 a)a#$ o i#'l"e#%a $eo(ei%a ca$r"l 'a2ilial7
Fa2iliile $ezor4a#iza%e1 'a2iliile i#co2ple% "#i%e (a" #ele4i%i2e1
$ez2e2ra%e1 'a2iliile i# criza $a%ori%a "#or ca"ze ce $e%er2i#a a(e#%a %e2porara
(a" per2a#e#%a a "#"ia $i#%re (o%i1 e*i(%e#%a i# ca$r"l 'a2iliei a "#or (i%"a%ii care
.J
Carioara Pe%c" A EDelic)e#%a7 Repere p(i6o(ocialeF1 p47I8D
.<
Sori# Ra$"le(c"1 Da# Ba#ci" A EI#%ro$"cere i# (ociolo4ia $e)ia#%ei >")e#ileF1 p479,D
,:
$e%er2i#a '"#$a2e#%al e(ec"rile co2por%a2e#%"l"i1 ii $e%er2i#a pe copii la
a$op%area "#or a%i%"$i#i a#%i(ociale1 i#$i)i$"ale (a" $e 4r"p
.8
7
Pre)e#irea co2por%a2e#%"l"i $e)ia#% la "#ii i#$i)izi (e realizeaza pri#
2a("ri >"ri$ico5(ociale7 I# caz"l 2i#orilor1 pe#%r" $e%er2i#area %"%"ror ca"zelor (i
co#$i%iilor care a" 4e#era% co2por%a2e#%"l $e)ia#%1 "# rol $eci(i) il are co#$"i%a
a%i%"$i#ii i# 'a2ilie (i (ocie%a%e7
Rei#%e4rarea (ociala a $elic)e#%ilor pre("p"#e reaili%ari %i2p"rii1 i# '"#c%ie
$e a%i%"$i#ea co2por%a2e#%ala1 i#$i)i$"alizarea 2a("rilor (i proce$eelor $e
ree$"care i# '"#c%ie $e par%ic"lari%a%ile $e )ar(%a1 carac%eri(%icile
p(i6oco2por%a2e#%ale ale 'iecar"i $elic)e#% i# par%e7
O al%a $irec%ie $e aor$are
,-
e(%e a(a5#"2i%a aor$are Mp(i6ope$a4o4icaF a
co2por%a2e#%"l"i care e)al"eaza ca"zele $elic)e#%ei >")e#ile $i# per(pec%i)a
erorilor e$"ca%iei (i (ocializarii 2orale1 co#(i$era#$ ca %e#$i#%a (pre $elic)e#%a
e(%e rez"l%a%"l 2a#i'e(% al e(ec"l"i1 a(i2ilarii (i i#%er#alizarii #or2elor $e co#$"i%a
$e ca%re ("iec%ii e$"ca%iei1 ace(% e(ec $a%ora#$"5(e i# 2are 2a("ra "#ei e$"ca%ii
4re(i% orie#%a%e care i4#ora 2o%i)a%iile per(o#ale ale %a#ar"l"i (i aplica "# (i(%e2
$e'ec%"o( $e (a#c%i"#i1 la c*are (e a$a"4a i#%er$ic%iile (e)ere i#(%i%"i%e $e pari#%i
a("pra "#or ac%i"#i (a" pre'eri#%e care i2pie$ica $ez)ol%area (ociaili%a%ii (i a
a"%o#o2iei 2orale7
Orie#%area p(i6olo4ica1 i# a(a2l"l ei1 #" (e ca#%o#eaza $oar la "# (i#4"r
#i)el1 cel i#$i)i$"al1 $eoarece1 p"#a#$ acce#("l pe %ra(a%"rile $e per(o#ali%a%e ale
%a#ar"l"i (i pe (%r"c%"ra ei $i#a2ica ;i#%ere(e1 ap%i%"$i#i1 2o%i)a%ii1 a(pira%ii e%c7=
e(%e oli4a%a (a le p"#a i# $epe#$e#%a c" carac%eri(%icile 2e$i"l"i 'a2ilial7
A$e(eori1 o(%acolele c" carac%er a'ec%i) (i (i%"a%iile 'a2iliale $e'ici%are i(i p"#
a2pre#%a a("pra (e#%i2e#%elor $e i#cre$ere1 (ec"ri%a%e ale a$ole(ce#%"l"i1 $e "#$e
(i 2arca%a (a i#(%aili%a%e a'ec%i)a (i co2por%a2e#%ala c" i2pac% a("pra $elic)e#%ei
(i $e)ia#%ei
,.
7
Pe(%e 9-O $i#%re a$ole(ce#%ii $elic)e#%i1 $"pa c"2 i#$ica (%a%i(%icile1 apar%i#
'a2iliilor $ezor4a#iza%e1 e(ec"l "#i%a%ii 'a2iliale a#%a2a#% "# e(ec al e$"ca%iei
2orale7
A(e#%a realizarii '"#c%iilor pri#cipale ale 'a2iliei ;("zi(%e#%a1 pro%ec%ie1
a'ec%i"#e1 (ocializare1 e%c7= $e%er2i#a apari%ia "#or %e#$i#%e #eco#'or2e c"
#or2ele $e co#$"i%a )aloriza%e pozi%i) $e (ocie%a%e7
A(a$ar1 (%"$i"l $elic)e#%ei >")e#ile (olici%a o e)al"are co2ple*a a
i#%erac%i"#ilor i#%re %o%i 2e2rii 4r"p"l"i 'a2ilial (i a co#'lic%elor $i#%re ace(%ia1
2ai ale( i# (i%"a%ii $e criza7
I#$i'ere#% $e carac%er"l (i co#%i#"%"l $i'eri%elor (ale aor$ari1 orie#%area
p(i6olo4ica i# $o2e#i"l $elic)e#%ei >")e#ile po(%"leaza i$eea pri#cipala1 co#'or2
careia $elic)e#%a >")e#ila (e $a%oreaza i#capaci%a%ii $e a$ap%are (a%i('aca%oare la
2e$i" a a$ole(ce#%"l"i $a%ori%a "#or %"l"rari $e #a%"ra p(i6opa%olo4ica1 pro)oca%e
.8
Co#'7"#i)7$r7T"$or B"%oi (7a71 Tra%a% "#i)er(i%ar $e p(i6olo4ie >"$iciara A Teorie (i prac%ica1 E$7P6oo(1
B"c"re(%i1 ,--@1 p7@98D
,-
Sori# Ra$"le(c"1 Da# Ba#ci" A EI#%ro$"cere i# (ociolo4ia $e)ia#%ei >")e#ileF1 p479@D
,.
i$e21 p479@D
,9
$e "# a#(a2l" $e 'ac%ori1 $e care1 i# cea 2ai 2are par%e1 'a2ilia e(%e cea
re(po#(aila7
2.3 !%ordarea &ociologica
Sociolo4ia $elic)e#%ei i(i a$"ce apor%"l la $e(ci'rarea ac%"l"i i#'rac%io#al1 la
#i)el $e 'e#o2e# (ocial1 c" a#aliza ac%elor a#%i(oaciale (a)ar(i%e i# reali%a%e1 i#
rapor% c" 2"l%iplele a(pec%e $e i#a$ap%are1 $ezor4a#izare1 a#o2ie (i 2ar4i#ali%a%e
e*i(%e#%e i# ca$r"l (ocie%a%ii7
Fe#o2e#ele a#%i(ociale1 repreze#%a#$ o prole2a (ociala1 (e pro$"c i#
ca$r"l "#ei (ocie%a%i a)a#$ o $e%er2i#are (ociala re(i2%i%a la #i)el"l i#$i)izilor1
4r"p"rilor (i i#(%i%"%iilor (i pro$"c ceea ce (e i#%i%"leaza M$ezor4a#izare (ocialaF7
A(%'el1 aor$area 'e#o2e#"l"i $e $elic)e#%a $e pe pozi%ii (ociolo4ice )izeaza
$ezor4a#izarea (ociala ca (%are $e i#a$ec)are a re%elei $e (%a%"("ri (i rol"ri1 crei#$
o $i(crepa#%a i#%re (cop"rile colec%i)e (i oiec%i)ele i#$i)i$"ale (a" $e 4r"p care
#"5(i 4a(e(c pe $epli# (a%i('ac%ia
,,
7
Dezor4a#izarea (ociala (a" M(%area $e a#o2ieF c"2 o #"2e(%e D"rL6ei21
(ociolo4 'ra#cez1 $e%er2i#a1 pe la#4a cre(%erea #"2ar"l"i $e $elic%e (i e*%i#$erea
%rep%a%a a (%arii $e 2ar4i#ali%a%e la "# #"2ar %o% 2ai 2are $e i#$i)izi1 4r"p"ri
(ociale1 care1 la ra#$"l ei1 (e re)erereaza la #i)el (ocial pri# #ei#%e4rare (ociala7
Aor$area (ociolo4ica c"pri#$e o (erie $e $irec%ii (i $e per(pec%i)e %eore%ice1
care i#cearca (a co2ple%eze p"#c%"l $e )e$ere 2ai li2i%a% al orie#%arii p(i6olo4ice1
p"#a#$ i# $epe#$e#%a %e#$i#%a (pre $elic)e#%a #" a%a% $e carac%eri(%icile cli2a%"l"i
'a2ilial1 ca% 2ai ale( $e cele ale 2e$i"l"i (ocial (i c"l%"ral7
Cai 2"l% $eca% o 'or2a $e i#a$ap%are1 $elic)e#%a >")e#ila e(%e pri)i%a ca o
'or2a $e e*pri2are a co#'lic%"l"i %a#ar"l"i c" )alorile (ocie%a%ii i# a#(a2l"l ei7
7
I# co#(eci#%a
,@
1 $elic)e#%a reprezi#%a "# 2i>loc ile4i%i2 (i ilici%1 o 'or2a $e
pro%e(% co#%ra i#e4ali%a%ilor i#%re cla(e i# ceea ce pri)e(%e p"%erea1 o4a%ia1
pre(%i4i"l (i (ec"ri%a%ea e*i(%e#%ei1 ace(% 'e#o2e#% 'ii#$ a2pli'ica%1 %o%o$a%a1 $e
%e#$i#%a a(ocierii a$ole(ce#%ilor ;a(a5#"2i%ele a#$e $e la 2ar4i#ea (%razii= care
o'era %a#ar"l"i a%a% "# (e#%i2e#% $e (oli$ari%a%e c" cei $e'a)oriza%i ca (i el1 ca% (i o
i$e#%i%a%e7
Di#%re acele $irec%ii $e aor$are1 2ai (peci'ice pe#%r" orie#%area (ociolo4ica1
%re"ie 2e#%io#a%a per(pec%i)a %eore%ica a M$ezor4a#izarii (ocialeF care p"#e i#
$epe#$e#%a $elic)e#%a >")e#ila $e o (erie $e (c6i2ari (i co#'lic%e (ociale ca%e
i#(o%e(c proce(ele 2o$er#izarii7
I# rapor% $e acea(%a per(pec%i)a %eore%ica1 $elic)e#%a >")e#ila e(%e
co#(i$era%a1 i# 2o$ e(e#%ial1 ca 'e#o2e# "ra#1 a)a#$ ca pre2i(a co#'lic%ele
c"l%"rale (i (ociale 4e#era%e $e proce(ele $e $ez)ol%are (ociala
,:
7
,,
Carioara Pe%c" A EDelic)e#%a7 Repere p(i6o(ocialeF1 p47IID
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Sori# Ra$"le(c"1 Da# Ba#ci" A EI#%ro$"cere i# (ociolo4ia $e)ia#%ei >")e#ileF1 p4799D
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i$e2D
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O al%a $irec%ie par%ic"lara a orie#%arii (ociolo4ice e(%e circ"2(cri(a
co#cep%iei %eore%ice a("pra 'e#o2e#"l"i $e a#o2ie7
Pe#%r" D"rL6ei21 a#o2ia (e e*pri2a i#%r5o pier$ere a orie#%arii i#$i)i$"l"i
$a%ori%a $i(pari%iei co#%rol"l"i e*%erior7 O a(e2e#ea (i%"a%ie il pla(eaz+ pe i#$i)i$
i#%r5o a#"2i%+ lier%a%e1 i#%r5o a(e#%a a co#$i%io#+rii (ociale7 Acea(%a #" i#(ea2#a
ca lier%a%ea a#o2ic"l"i poa%e 'i )aloriza%a pozi%i)1 ci $i# co#%ra1 %re"ie 3#%elea(a
ca o $eza#4a>are #e'a(%a1 #e4a%i)a pro)e#i%a $i# $ezec6ilirarea rela%iei %re"i#%e 5
2i>loace 5 (cop"ri (ociale7 D"rL6ei2 lea4a ace(% co#cep% $e pa%olo4ia (ociala
4e#era%a $e i#("'icie#%a re4le2e#%are #or2a%i)a a )ie!ii eco#o2ice (i $a%ori%a
apari%iei #"2eroa(elor rol"ri (ociale ca "r2are a $i)izi"#ii (ociale a 2"#cii1 rol"ri
care i#$"c $i'ere#%ieri p"%er#ice i#%re i#$i)izi7
O "l%i2a $irec%ie $e a#aliza e%iolo4ica $e #a%"ra (ociolo4ica1 i#(pira%a $e
co#cep%ele 'e#o2e#olo4ice $i# ace(% $o2e#i"1 (e a(ociaza a(a5#"2i%ei per(pec%i)e
a Be%ic6e%ariiB1 care i(i prop"#e (a e*plice1 #" a%a% $e ce apare $elic)e#%a1 ca%1 2ai
ale(1 (a e*plice $e ce "# %a#ar $elic)e#% e(%e percep"% ca $e)ia#% (i (a#c%io#a% ca
a%are7 I# '"#c%ie $e acea(%a per(pec%i)a1 $elic)e#%a e(%e co#(i$era%a ca "# 'e#o2e#
pro$"(1 i# 2o$ '"#$a2e#%al1 $e 2eca#i(2ele $e co#%rol (ocial7 A(%'el1 $aca "#
a$ole(ce#%1 care1 i#calca#$ $i# i#%a2plare #or2ele 2orale (a" le4ale a>"#4e i#
co#%ac% c" poli%ia (a" c" i#(%a#%a $e >"$eca%a1 e(%e po(iil1 $e cele 2ai 2"l%e ori1 (a
(e %ra#('or2e i#%r5"# )eri%ail $elic)e#%7 De'i#irea ca $elic)e#% $e ca%re ace(%e
i#(%i%"%ii $e co#%rol (ocial1 il oli4a (a accep%e o P e%ic6e%a Q pe care o )a i#%erioriza
i# i2a4i#ea $e(pre (i#e (i (e )a co2por%a i# co#'or2i%a%e c" ea
,9
7
Toa%e ace(%e co#cep%ii (i orie#%ari 'or2"leaza pri#cipalele e*plica%ii ale
'e#o2e#"l"i $e $elic)e#%a >")e#ila1 i#cerca#$ (a p"#a i# e)i$e#%a (i (a coreleze o
(erie $e 'ac%ori (i )ariaile c" carac%er i#$i)i$"al (i (ocial1 co#(%i%"i#$ "# p"#c% $e
reper pe#%r" elaorarea "#or 2o$ele e*plica%i)e7
,7: !%ordarea (uridic
Delic)e#%a (a" $e)ia#%a (ociala pe#ala (e $e'i#e(%e #" i# '"#c%ie $e
Ee%ic6e%aF (a" Ereac%iaF 2e2rilor (ocie%a%ii 'a%a $e "# a#"2i% %ip $e
co2por%a2e#%1 ci i# rapor% c" )alorile (i rela%iile (ociale leza%e (i care ("#%
pro%e>a%e pri# #or2ele >"ri$ice pe#ale7
MCarieraF i#'rac%io#ala a "#"i %a#ar #" (ea2a#a c" cea a a$"l%"l"i1 'ap%ele
(ale ile4i%i2e (a" ilici%e $a%ora#$"5(e1 $e 'ap%1 4re(elilor 'ac"%e $e e$"ca%or (i #"
"#or a(a5zi(e 2o%i)a%ii a#%i(ociale ale %a#ar"l"i 'ap%"i%or7 To%"(i1 le4i(la%ia
aplicaila i# caz"l $elic)e#%ilor 2e#%i#e #o%i"#ea $e Mc"lpaili%a%eF1 i# aza
,9
Sori# Ra$"le(c"1 Da# Ba#ci" A EI#%ro$"cere i# (ociolo4ia $e)ia#%ei >")e#ile1 p479ID
,J
acelora(i cri%erii care e)al"eaza co2por%a2e#%"l a$"l%"l"i1 $e(i (cop"l ei #" e(%e
a%a% $e a (a#c%io#a1 ca% $e a ree$"ca1 a %ra%a (i pro%e>a %a#ar"l
,I
7
Di# p"#c% $e )e$ere >"ri$ic1 $elic)e#%a (e carac%erizeaza pri# i#calcarea
#or2elor care re'lec%a ceri#%ele oricarei 'or2e $e co#)ie%"ire "2a#a ;li2i%area
lier%a%ii per(o#ale1 a$ap%area a$ec)a%a la 2e$i"l (ocial1 co#cor$a#%a $i#%re
a%i%"$i#ile i#$i)i$"ale (i ceri#%ele (ociale1 re(pec%area i#%er$ic%iilor (i pre(crip%iilor
#or2a%i)e1 a$ap%area acelor cri%erii $e ac%i"#e care 'ac po(iila #or2ali%a%ea (i
pre$ic%iili%a%ea co2por%a2e#%"l"i1 e%c=7
Di# per(pec%i)a >"ri$ica1 i#(a1 #" e(%e ("'icie#%a (%ailirea 4ra$"l"i $e
)i#o)a%ie a "#"i a$ole(ce#% care a i#calca% #or2e pe#ale1 ci apare #ece(ara (i
e)i$e#%ierea 4ra$"l"i (a" $e 2a%"ri%a%e i# perceperea carac%er"l"i a#%i(ocial al
'ap%elor (ale1 a$ica e)al"area a%i%"$i#ilor (i 2o%i)a%iilor (ale 'a%a $e #or2a le4ala7
S%ailirea ace(%"i 4ra$ $e 2a%"ri%a%e e(%e ec6i)ale#%a1 $e 'ap%1 c" 'i*area
ra(p"#$erii7
A(a$ar1 "#a $i#%re cele 2ai i2por%a#%e ca%e4orii >"ri$ice c" care opereaza
$rep%"l pe#al1 e(%e aceea $e re(po#(aili%a%e care e*pri2a "# ac% $e a#4a>are a
i#$i)i$"l"i i# proce("l i#%erac%i"#ii (ociale1 pri# a("2area co#(eci#%elor 'a%a $e
rez"l%a%ele 'ap%elor (ale7
Acea(%a #o%i"#e #" (e co#'"#$a c" cea $e ra(p"#$ere1 care #e i#$ica o
oli4a%ie i2p"(a $i# a'ara1 i#$i)i$"l percepa#$ (i re(i2%i#$ #or2ele ca re4"li
oli4a%orii i2p"(e $i# e*%erior7
S%ailirea (%arii $e ire(po#(aili%a%e e(%e o prole2a e*%re2 $e i2por%a#%a
pe#%r" i#$i)i$"alizarea )i#o)a%iei (i a (a#c%i"#ii1 'ii#$ #ece(ar (a (e $e%er2i#e 'ie
e*i(%e#%a "#ei oli p(i6ice care 4e#ereaza care 4e#ereaza acea(%a (%are1 'ie e*i(%e#%a
i#(a(i a ire(po#(aili%a%ii i# 2o2e#%"l co2i%erii 'ap%ei1 i#%r"ca% #" i#%o%$ea"#a (i
#" i# 2o$ #ece(ar (i2pla co#(%a%are a "#ei oli p(i6ice a "#"i 'ap%"i%or i2plica
ire(po#(aili%a%ea (a1 'ii#$ #ece(ara e'ec%"area "#ei e*per%ize 2e$ico5p(i6ia%rice
i#%r5"# i#(%i%"% (a#i%ar $e (peciali%a%e7
I# %eoria (i prac%ica pe#ala1 $i(cer#a2a#%"l e(%e co#(i$era% ca 'ii#$
Mcapaci%a%ea ("iec%"l"i $e i#%ele4ere (i 2a#i'e(%are co#(%ie#%a a )oi#%ei i# rapor%
c" o a#"2i%a 'ap%a co#cre%aF1 i# %i2p ce pe#%r" p(i6ia%ri el reprezi#%a o Map%i%"$i#e
$e a $eo(ei i#ele $e ra"1 lici%"l $e ilici%1 le4al"l $e ile4al1 a $i(%i#4e1 pre)e$ea (i
a#%icipa 'ap%ele proprii (i a ale4e (ol"%ii 2oraleF
,J
7
No%i"#ea $e $i(cer#a2a#%1 i#)oca%a i#%r5o (erie $e ar%icole ale Co$"l"i pe#al
ro2a#1 #" e(%e e*pre( $e'i#i%i%a $e le4i"i%or1 (i#4"ra precizare re'eri#$"5(e la
'ap%"l ca1 pa#a la proa co#%rarie1 orice i#$i)i$ care a (a)ar(i% o 'ap%a pe#ala (e
pre("p"#e ca a ac%io#a% c" $i(cer#a2a#%1 a)a#$1 i# co#(eci#%a1 re(po#(aili%a%e (i
poa%e 'i %ra( la ra(p"#$ere pe#ala A c" e*cep%ia 2i#orilor care #" a" i2pli#i% )ar(%a
$e .: a#i7
I#(a1 ("#% #ece(are 2"l%iple e)al"ari $e #a%"ra p(i6olo4ica1 (ociolo4ica1
p(i6ia%rica (i pe$a4o4ica1 care (a i$e#%i'ice i#%re4"l co2ple* $e 'ac%ori (i co#$i%ii
,I
i$e21 p47:@D
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Sori# Ra$"le(c"1 Da# Ba#ci" A EI#%ro$"cere i# (ociolo4ia $e)ia#%ei >")e#ile1 p47:8D
,<
ce p"# i# $epe#$e#%a per(o#ali%a%ea1 i#ca i#("'icie#% (%r"c%"ra%a (i 2a%"riza%a a
2i#or"l"i1 $e co#%e*%"l (ocial i# care (e 4a(e(%e a2pla(a%7

CAPITOLUL III
CERCETARE ASUPRA UNUI E9ANTION
DE 1INORI DELINCVENI
3.l. Nece&itatea cercetrii de teren
,8
Aor$area 'e#o2e#"l"i $e $eli#c)e#%+ >")e#il+1 a 2eca#i(2elor (ale $e
pro$"cere &i 2a#i'e(%are1 3&i >"(%i'ic+ ac%"ali%a%ea pri# carac%er"l 2ai 2"l% (a" 2ai
p"!i# i#%e#( al ace(%"i 'e#o2e#1 ale c+r"i e'ec%e #e4a%i)e #" po% 'i e)al"a%e (a"
("e(%i2a%e $e (ociolo4i 1 p(i6olo4i 1 2e$ici 1 p(i6ia%ri 1 >"ri&%i 1 cri2i#olo4i e%c7
Repreze#%0#$ a#(a2l"l 3#c+lc+rilor &i aa%erilor %i#erilor $e la #or2ele $e
co#)ie!"ire (ocial+1 $eli#c)e#%a >")e#il+ (e carac%erizeaz+ pri#%r5o (erie $e %r+(+%"ri
4e#erale &i co2"#e 1 ceea ce i2plic+ i$e#%i'icarea 'ac%orilor &i a$op%area "#or
2+("ri a$ec)a%e $e pre)e#ire &i rec"perare (ocial+7
Perioa$a po(%re)ol"!io#ar+ a a)"% "# e'ec% i2por%a#% &i a("pra )ie!ii &i
co2por%a2e#%"l"i 2i#orilor 1 2"l!i $i#%re ace&%ia l"0#$5o pe "# $r"2 4re&i%1 3#c+
$e la pri2ii pa&i 3# )ia!+7
Fr+20#%+rile poli%ice &i (ocial eco#o2ice pri# care (e carac%erizeaz+ e%apa
ac%"al+ $e %ra#zi!ie1 a" 2arca% p"%er#ic o (erie $e 'a2ilii 1 (i%"a!ie c" reperc"(i"#i
$irec%e a("pra cre&%erii &i e$"c+rii copiilor1 prole2+ %rec"%+ pe pla# (ec"#$ar (a"
c6iar o2i(+7
Fe#o2e#"l $e $eli#c)e#%+ >")e#il+ %i#$e (+ $ep+&ea(c+ c6iar "# a#"2i%
p"#c% Bcri%icB1 pro)oc0#$ 3#4ri>orarea 3# r0#$"l (peciali&%ilor &i cerce%+%orilor 1
'ac%orilor $e r+(p"#$ere $i# $o2e#i"l aplic+rii le4ilor &i a$2i#i(%r+rii >"(%i!iei 1
opi#iei p"lice 3# 4e#eral7
Ace(% 'e#o2e# e(%e a4ra)a% &i $e a&a5#"2i!ii B copii ai (%r+zii B1 'e#o2e#
care a 'o(% (e(iza% la 3#cep"%"l a#ilor R8- 3# pre(+ &i #ec"#o(c"% opi#iei p"lice
ro20#e&%i p0#+ la acea $a%+7 I2a4i#ea copiilor $or2i#$ 3# Gara $e Nor$ 1
$ro40#$"5(e c" celer"l Ba"rolacB #e a$"ce 3# pri2 pla# o reali%a%e &oca#%+ 1
preze#%0#$"5#e )ic%i2e ale "#"i (i(%e2 e$"ca%i) $e'ici%ar 1 copii 2al%ra%a!i (a"
al"#4a!i $e aca(+ &i care pri# Ba(ociere $i'ere#!ia%+ B 3#)a!+ la o )0r(%+ 'ra4e$+
%e6#icile i#'rac!io#ale7
La %oa%e ace(%ea (e a$a"4+ ac"2"larea %rep%a%+ a "#or (i%"a!ii $e 'r"(%rare
(ocial+ 1 $i(crepa#!a %o% 2ai 2are 3#%re a(pira!iile i#$i)i$"ale &i po(iili%+!ile
o'eri%e $e (ocie%a%e 3# preze#% 7 Deli#c)e#%a e (e#(iil i#'l"e#!a%+ &i $e (%area $e
@-
a#o2ie (ocial+ ce carac%erizeaz+ (ocie%a%ea #oa(%r+ 1 )iziil+ 3# i#e'icie#%a 2"l%or
#or2e (ociale 1 $ar 2ai ale( >"ri$ice 1 3# i#e*i(%e#!a "#or cri%erii 'er2e $e apreciere
(a" $e (a#c!io#are a i#$i)izilor 7 S%area $e %olera#!+ &i per2i(i)i%a%e a "#ora $i#
i#(%a#!ele $e co#%rol (ocial 'a!+ $e $i'eri%ele 2a#i'e(%+ri a#%i(ociale 3#%re4e(c
i2a4i#ea ace(%ei prole2e %o% 2ai ac"%+ a zilelor #oa(%re7
A(%'el 1 %oa%e cele 2e#!io#a%e 2ai ("( 25a" $e%er2i#a% (+ realizez acea(%+
cerce%are 3# i$eea c+ ar p"%ea (pri>i#i (a" #" o (erie $e ipo%eze pri)i#$ ca"zele &i
co#$i!iile care 4e#ereaz+ (a" 'a)orizeaz+ 2a#i'e(%+rile pre$eli#c)e#%e ale
2i#orilor 7 To%o$a%+ 1 acea(%a (e $ore&%e a 'i "# po(iil r+(p"#( la 3#%rearea : BDe
ce 3#calc+ i#$i)izii #or2ele pe#ale &i $e co#)ie!"ire (ocial+ SB Pe#%r" a r+(p"#$e
corec%1 co#(i$er c+ 3#cli#area (pre $e)ia#!+ &i a$op%area co2por%a2e#%"l"i
i#'rac!io#al rez"l%+ $i# 32ple%irea 'ac%orilor i#%er#i1 i#$i)i$"ali ;par%ic"lari%+!ile &i
(%r"c%"ra #e"ro5p(i6ic+1 par%ic"lari%+!i ale per(o#ali%+!ii 3# 'or2are =1 c" cei e*%er#i1
(ociali ; 'ac%ori (ocio5c"l%"rali1 eco#o2ici 1 (ocio5a'ec%i)i &i e$"ca!io#ali $i# ca$r"l
2icro4r"p"rilor &i 2acro4r"p"rilor "2a#e=7
La 2i#orii $eli#c)e#!i1 ele2e#%"l i#'rac!io#al )a 'i pri)i% #" izola%1 (%a%ic1 ci
3# $e%er2i#+rile (ale pl"ri'ac%oriale7 Spre $eo(eire $e a$"l!i 13# caz"l 2i#orilor (e
i2p"#e 1 pe#%r" o "#+ c"#oa&%ere a ca"zelor care $"c la $eli#c)e#%+ >")e#il+ 1 o
apro'"#$are a c"#oa&%erii ace(%or per(o#ali%+!i i#a$ap%a%e 3#%r5"# co#%e*% 2"l% 2ai
lar4 1 'ii#$ #ece(ar+ o a#aliz+ co2ple*+ &i i#$i)i$"aliza%+ a per(o#ali%+!ilor 3#
'or2are7
Pe#%r" a $e2o#(%ra i#%er$epe#$e#!a ca"zelor &i 'ac%orilor i2plica!i 3#
$e%er2i#area co2por%a2e#%"l"i $e)ia#% al 2i#orilor1 a2 alc+%"i% "# e&a#%io#
re(%r0#( $e 2i#ori $e)ia#!i1 2i#ori i$e#%i'ica!i $e poli!ie 3# ac!i"#eaBS%ra$a 2eaB1
ac!i"#e ce a a)"% loc 3# 2"#icipi"l B"c"re&%i la 3#cep"%"l a#"l"i ,--.7
A)0#$ 3# )e$ere %i2p"l aloca% &i 2i>loacele #ece(are e'ec%"+rii ace(%ei
cerce%+ri1 a2 3#cerca% (+ e)i$e#!iez co#$i!iile 3# care a" ap+r"% 'ac%orii (ociali
#e4a%i)i care a" 4e#era% 'e#o2e#"l $e pre$eli#c)e#!+ &i $eli#c)e#%+ propri"5zi(+1
$eoarece c"#o(c0#$ 2a#i'e(%+rile1 3# (pecial a4re(i)e ale 2i#or"l"i1 (e poa%e
@.
a>"#4e %rep%a% la ca"zele ce a" $e%er2i#a% ace(%e 2a#i'e(%+ri7
Fe#o2e#"l $e i#a$ap%are (ocial+ 3# perioa$a $ez)ol%+rii i#'a#%ilo5>")e#ile1
poa%e apare 3# co#$i!ii i#a$ec)a%e $e )ia!+1 o e$"ca!ie i#corec%+ (a" pri#%r5o
$ez)ol%are #e"ro5p(i6ic+ $e'ici%ar+ &i pe care 'ac%orii #e4a%i)i $e 2icro &i
2acrocli2a% le e*acereaz+7
/# acea(%+ perioa$+ $e $ez)ol%are a %0#+r"l"i1 p+ri#!ii a" "# rol
'"#$a2e#%ala7 Ace(% l"cr" e(%e $e2o#(%ra% $e ci'ra 2are $e $eli#c)e#!i 2i#ori
pro)e#i!i $i# 'a2ilii $ezor4a#iza%e7
O orie#%are $e'ec%"oa(+ care (e (i%"eaz+ pe li#ia "#ei e*i4e#!e e*a4era%e
$i# p"#c% $e )e$ere e$"ca%i) 1 poa%e $a #a&%ere la "#ele reac!ii $e opozi!ie (a" (+
$ecla#&eze reac!ii $e "r+ $eclara%+ (a" a(c"#(+ ale copiilor 'a!+ $e p+ri#%e 1 '"4i 1
a2e#i#!+ri (a" 1 $i# co#%ra 1 re'"l+ri 1 care po% $"ce la ac!i"#i &i 2a#i'e(%+ri
(i#4"lare 4ra)e 1 %"l"r+ri $e co2por%a2e#%1 (%+ri #e)ro%ice7
i#0#$ co#% $e ace(%e a(pec%e1 (e poa%e i#%er)e#i 3# $irec!ia pre)e#irii
co2por%a2e#%"l"i $e)ia#% 1 $ar acea(%a ca "r2are a 2o$i'ic+rii 3# a2ele pla#"ri
a%0% a cel"i e*%er#;(ocial 1 e$"ca!io#al 1 rela!io#al = 1 c0% &i a cel"i i#%er#
;reor4a#izare p(i6ic+1 i#%er)e#!ii corec%i)5co#(%r"c%i)e 1 %erapii ("por%i)e e%c7=7
3.2. #%iectivele cercetrii
Oiec%i)ele a)"%e 3# )e$ere 3# co#ceperea &i $e('+&"rarea cerce%+rii a" 'o(%:
a= E)i$e#!ierea ca"zelor &i co#$i!iilor care 4e#ereaz+ &i
'a)orizeaz+ co2por%a2e#%"l i#'rac!io#al al 2i#orilorD
= I$e#%i'icarea 'ac%orilor p(i6o(ociali care pro$"c $eli#c)e#%a a%0% ca
'e#o2e# $e 4r"p 1 c0% &i ca 2a#i'e(%are (peci'ic+ a co#$"i%ei i#$i)i$"ale D
c= E)i$e#!ierea %e#$i#!elor 2a#i'e(%a%e $e 2i#ori (pre $e)ia#!+ 1 (pre
ac%i)i%a%e a#%i(ocial+7
3.3. Scopul cercetrii
@,
Scop"l pri#cipal al ace(%ei cerce%+ri l5a repreze#%a% rele)area po(iili%+!ilor
$e $epi(%are a acelor carac%eri(%ici ; po%e#!ial $eli#c)e#!ial= care pre$i(p"#e
i#$i)i$"l la co2i%erea "#or ac%e a#%i(ociale 1 a)0#$ 3# )e$ere c+ $eli#c)e#!ii 2i#ori
prezi#%+ o (erie $e carac%eri(%ici p(i6o5co2por%a2e#%ale care5i $i'ere#!iaz+ $e
ceilal!i 7 C"#o(c0#$ p(i6olo4ia cel"i care a 3#c+lca% le4ea p"%e2 a$op%a 1 pe c0%
po(iil1 %ra%a2e#%"l e$"ca%i)1 ree$"ca%i) &i rec"pera%i) pe#%r" reaili%area &i
rei#(er!ia (ocial+ a ace(%"ia7
3.4. Ipoteze de lucru
/# cerce%are (5a pleca% $e la "r2+%oarele ipo%eze:
a= De'icie#!ele preze#%e 3# (i(%e2"l e$"ca!io#al &colar ;e&ec"l &i aa#$o#"l
&colar 1 a(e#!a per(pec%i)elor pro'e(io#ale= $e%er2i#+ 3#%r5o 2are 2+("r+ apari!ia
co2por%a2e#%"l"i $e)ia#%D
= Dac+ c"#oa&%erea )ie!ii copil"l"i e(%e (c+z"%+ &i i#%er)e#!ia pare#%al+
e(%e i#e*i(%e#%+ (a" $ac+ 2i>loacele $e e*erci%are a co#%rol"l"i pare#%al ("#%
co#(%i%"i%e $i# (a#c!i"#i (e)ere ;pe$ep(e 'izice = 1 proaili%a%ea apari!iei
$eli#c)e#%ei la 2i#ori e(%e 1 $e a(e2e#ea 1 2ai ri$ica%+D
c= Ci#orii pro)e#i!i $i# 'a2ilii c" $i'ic"l%+!i 2a%eriale1 e$"ca%i)e1 a'ec%i)e1
2orale1 ("#% 2ai e*p"&i 1 3# rapor% c" al!ii 1 la a$op%area "#ei co#$"i%e
i#'rac!io#aleD
$= Ac%"l a#%i(ocial #" apare ca o (i2pl+ e*%eriorizare a po%e#!ial"l"i
$eli#c)e#!ial1 ci apare ca "# p"#c% $e 3#%0l#ire 3#%re ace(% po%e#!ial &i al!i 'ac%ori
circ"2(%a#!iali7
3.). *etodologie
Ca 2e%o$e &i %e6#ici $e i#)e(%i4a!ie a" 'o(% "%iliza%e "r2+%oarele:
@@
a= a#aliza $a%elor a#a2#ezice e*i(%e#%e 3# $o(arele 2i#orilor a'la!i 3#
are(%"l poli!iei &i care "r2a" (+ 'ie co#$a2#a!i 13# '"#c!ie $e pro#"#!area (e#%i#!ei
>"$ec+%ore&%iD
= a#c6e%e (ociale a)0#$ ca az+ $o"+ %ip"ri $e B46i$ $e i#%er)i" B ;a#e*ele
. &i , =1 c" 3#%re+ri (peci'ice Bpe#%r" copil"l $i# (%ra$+ B 1 c" acce#%e $i'eri%e
pe#%r" 2i#orii pro)e#i!i $i# ca(ele $e copiiD
c= co#)oriri &i i#%er)i"ri p"r%a%e c" repreze#%a#!ii "#or or4a#e (pecializa%e
$e co#%rol (ocial ; poli!i&%i1 proc"rori 1 a"%ori%a%e %"%elar+ = 3# )e$erea i$e#%i'ic+rii
celor 2ai a$ec)a%e c+i &i 2i>loace $e co2a%ere &i pre)e#ire 3# )ii%or a
2a#i'e(%+rilor pre$eli#c)e#%e &i $eli#c)e#%eD
$= o(er)a!ia copar%icipa%i)+ 1 pri# co#%ac%"l $irec% c" 2i#orii7
O pri2+ par%e a cerce%+rii a c"pri#( "# lo% co#(%i%"i% $i# 2i#ori $e)ia#!i &i
"#ele $i# 'a2iliile ace(%ora $i# B"c"re&%i7
E&a#%io#"l cerce%a% a 'o(% 'or2a% $i# :- $e caz"ri1 $i)iza%e 3# $o"+
("4r"pe:
5 ,- 2i#ori $i# (%ra$+ ; ac!i"#ea BS%ra$a 2ea B = (a" 4+(i!i 3# ce#%r"l
BCire&arii BD
5 ,- 'a2ilii $i# care pro)i# al!iB copii ai (%r+ziiB7
Co%i)ele pe#%r" care e&a#%io#"l a 'o(% $i)iza% 3# $o"+ ("4r"pe ("#%
"r2+%oarele:
5 )e#i#$ $i# $o"+ $irec!ii $i'eri%e1 $ar c" o ("r(+ (ocial+ co2"#+1
r+(p"#("rile $a%e $e 2i#ori &i cele $a%e $e 2e2rii 'a2iliilor cerce%a%e 1 co#$"c la
o 2ai "#+ 3#!ele4ere a 'e#o2e#"l"iD
5 $a%ori%+ 4ra$"l"i ri$ica% $e rela%i)i%a%e a r+(p"#("rilor 1 e*i(%+ cel p"!i#
po(iili%a%ea co#'r"#%+rii celor $o"+ %ip"ri $e a'ir2a!ii1 3# )e$erea ("(!i#erii "#or
co#cl"zii D
5 ("rpri#$erea percep!iei $i'eri%e a reali%+!ii i#)e(%i4a%e pe care o a" p+ri#!ii
(pre $eo(eire $e copii7
/#cerc0#$ (+ e)i$e#!iez prole2a%ica 'a2ilial+ 1a2 "r2+ri%:
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5 %ip"l $e 'a2ilie $i# care pro)i#e copil"lD
5 2e$i"l $e pro)e#ie#!+ al p+ri#!ilorD
5 )0r(%aD
5 pro'e(ia (a" oc"pa!ia ac%"al+ a p+ri#!ilorD
5 #i)el"l $e &colarizareD
5 %ip"l $e loc"i#!+1 co#$i!iile $e loc"i% &i $e %raiD
5 )e#i%"rile 'a2ilieiD
5 preze#!a alcooli(2"l"i &i parazi%i(2"l"iD
5 ("rpri#$erea cli2a%"l"i 'a2ilial ;rela!iilor $i#%re 2i#ori &i a$"l!i=D
5 a%i%"$i#ea p+ri#!ilor 'a!+ $e a(pec%ele $e)ia#%e ale co2por%a2e#%"l"i
propriilor copii7
/#%re+rile (peci'ice pe#%r" 2i#ori )izeaz+ a(pec%ele le4a%e $e (i%"a!ia B$i#
(%ra$+B a copiilor:
5 perio$ici%a%ea )a4ao#$a>"l"iD
5 'l"c%"a!iaD
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5 i#%e4rarea (a" #" 3# 4r"p"ri $e)ia#%e &i rela!iile e*i(%e#%e 3# ace(%e
4r"p"riD
5 orie#%area )e#i%"rilor o!i#"%e pri# cer&e%orie 1 2"#c+ 1 '"r%D
5 (%ailirea "#ei r"%e (ociale pe care o parc"r4e copil"l a>"#( &i e)e#%"al
3#%or( 3# (%ra$+D
5 proiec!ia 2i#or"l"i 'a!+ $e re3#%oarcerea 3# 'a2ilie 5 3# 4e#eral proiec!ia
3# )ii%orD
5 a#aliza (e#%i2e#%elor $e (ec"ri%a%e (a" i#(ec"ri%a%e pe care le 3#cearc+ 3#
(%ra$+ &i $e a(e2e#ea $ac+ (e c"lpailizeaz+ (a" #" 7
Pe#%r" 2i#orii pro)e#i!i $i# ca(ele $e copii 3#%re+rile a" co#(%i%"i% "#
("por% pe#%r" 3#!ele4erea 2o$ali%+!ii (peci'ice $e i#%e4rare 3# ace(% $o2e#i" 1 2ai
ale( (" a(pec%"l rela!iilor i#%erper(o#ale $i#%re copil5("pra)e46e%or 1 pro'e(or5ele)
1 2o%i)a!ia re(pi#4erii prie%e#iei c" al!i copii i#e i#%e4ra!i &i aprecia!i7
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U#"l $i#%re p"#c%ele i2por%a#%e ale 46i$"l"i i#%er)i" a 3#cerca% (+
("rpri#$+ rela!ia 2i#or"l"i c" &coala 1 por#i#$ $e la pre2i(a c+ $e'icie#!ele
preze#%e 3# (i(%e2"l e$"ca!io#al &colar1 i#'l"e#!eaz+ apari!ia co2por%a2e#%"l"i
$e)ia#%7
Vre2 (+ ("li#ie2 'ap%"l c+ rez"l%a%ele cerce%+rii #" co#(%i%"ie co#cl"zii
)alaile pe#%r" 3#%rea4a pop"la!ie a)0#$ carac%eri(%icile ("(2e#!io#a%e7 Ace(%e
co#cl"zii po% co#(%i%"i p"#c%e $e plecare pe#%r" o aor$are 2ai pro'"#$+ &i pe
e&a#%ioa#e repreze#%a%i)e a prole2a%icii cerce%a%e7
3.+. !naliza rezultatelor cercetrii
Re'eri%or la (i%"a!ia 4e#eral+ (e $e(pri#$ o (erie $e co#cl"zii1 care reie( a%0%
$i# a#c6e%ele $e 'a2ilie1 c0% &i $i# r+(p"#("rile 2i#orilor7 P"#c%ele co2"#e (e
re'er+ la %ip"rile $e 'a2ilie $i# care pro)i# copii1 #i)el"l $e i#(%r"ire al p+ri#!ilor1
oc"pa!ia p+ri#!ilor 1 %ip"l $e loc"i#!+ &i co#$i!iile $e %rai 1 a%2o('era $i# 'a2ilie1
rela!iile $i#%re a(pec%ele re'eri%oare la (i%"a!ia &colar+ &i a%i%"$i#ea p+ri#!ilor 'a!+ $e
e$"ca!ie 3# 4e#eral7
Di# cele ,- $e 'a2ilii a#c6e%a%e $i# 2"#icipi"l B"c"re&%i 1 .@ 'a2ilii
loc"ie(c 3# ora&1 iar J ("#% $i# co2"#ele li2i%ro'e7
Ci#orii i#%er)ie)a!i pro)i# $i# B"c"re&%i ;.9= 1 iar 9 ("#% $i# 2e$i"l r"ral7
Di# cele :- $e caz"ri1 @@ ("#% +ie!i &i J 'e%e7
V0r(%a copiilor e(%e c"pri#(+ 3#%re
P0#+
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prole2ele p(i6o'3ziolo4ice ale p"er%+!ii ; re(pec%i) perioa$a c"pri#(+ 3#%re .,5.9
a#i=1 le4a%e $e 2o$i'ic+rile p(i6ice e(e#!iale pe#%r" e)ol"!ia "l%erioar+ $i#
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a$ole(ce#!+1 care 3#(o!e(c cre&%erea iolo4ic+7 De&i 2o$i'ic+rile care (e pro$"c 3#
c"r("l p"er%+!ii &i 2ai ale( al a$ole(ce#!ei ("#% 'oar%e $i'eri%e $e la caz la caz1 a%0%
ca i#%e#(i%a%e a 2a#i'e(%+rii 1 c0% &i ca $"ra%+ &i rece(i"#e 1 (e po% $e%a&a a#"2i%e
carac%eri(%ici 4e#erale 1 care #el"a%e 3# (ea2+ 1 po% a)ea e'ec%e #e4a%i)e 3# pla#"l
i#%e4r+rii (ociale a celor a'la!i la acea(%+ )0r(%+7
Di#%re ace(%e %r+(+%"ri ("#% rele)a#%e "r2+%oarele : #e(i4"ra#!a 3#
co2por%a2e#% care 3l poa%e 'ace pe cel a'la% la acea(%+ )0r(%+ i#'l"e#!ail 1
i2p"l(i)i%a%ea 1 re%ice#!a la a$ole(ce#!i &i cri%icile '+c"%e $e c+%re a$"l!i7
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co2por%a2e#% $e)ia#%7 N"2ai a%"#ci c0#$ prole2ele $e ace(% %ip #" ("#% 3#!ele(e
$e c+%re p+ri#!i &i 2ai ale( 1 c0#$ a$"l!ii $i# 'a2ilie 2a#i'e(%+ i#$i'ere#!+ 'a!+ $e
orice prole2+ a copil"l"i 1 ace(%e %e#$i#!e (e po% co#cre%iza 3# co2por%a2e#%e
$e)ia#%e7
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pro)e#ie#!a 'a2ilial+ a ("iec!ilor7 A(%'el 1 a2 co#(i$era% c+ E2i#orii $e (%ra$+ B
pro)i# $i# 'a2ilii pe care le5a2 pre("p"( a 'i :
5 c" co#$i!ii 2a%eriale &i $e loc"i% precare &i "4e% 'a2ilial re$"( D
5 'a2ilii $ezor4a#iza%e pri# a(e#!a "#"ia (a" a2ilor p+ri#!i 1
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2oral+ &i a'ec%i)+D
5 rela!iile $i#%re (o!i %e#(io#a%e1 co#'lic%"ale1 3# care ("#% preze#%e
:alcooli(2"l1 co#$"i%ele a4re(i)e 1 )iole#!a 'a!+ $e copii1 a#%ece$e#%e pe#ale D
5 lip(a $e ("pra)e46ere co2por%a2e#%al+ a copiilor #" e(%e c"#o(c"%
a#%"ra>"l lor 1 (a#c!i"#ile ("#% aplica%e c" a"%ori%a%e e*ce(i)+ 1 #" ("#% (%aili%e (a"
3#%re!i#"%e le4+%"ri c" al%e 2e$ii e$"ca!io#ale ;c" &coala 3# 2o$ (pecial=7
A(%'el1 co#$i!iile 2a%eriale precare 1 a"%ori%a%ea e*ce(i)+ aplica%+ ace(%ora &i
1 2ai ale( 1 co#$i!iile a4re(i)e 1 )iole#!a 'a!+ $e ace&%ia 1 i5a" $e%er2i#a% (+
p+r+(ea(c+ 'a2ilia &i (+ pre'ere 3# loc"l ace(%eiaB (%ra$aB7
Si#%eza $a%elor o!i#"%e re'eri%oare la (i%"a!ia 'a2ilial+ 1 a co#'ir2a%
@J
ipo%ezele &i 1 %o%o$a%+ 1 a $e2o#(%ra% c+ 'a2ilia e(%e "#"l $i#%re 'ac%orii ca"zali ai
$e)ia#!ei 3# r0#$"l 2i#orilor7
P"%e2 a$+"4a c+ ,-O $i# ace&%i copii pro)i# $i# 'a2ilii le4al co#(%i%"i%e 1
$ar acolo "#$e rela!iile i#%ra'a2iliale #" ("#% #ici pe $epar%e ar2o#ioa(e 1
proce#%"l ri$ica% ce i#$ic+ cer%"ri 4ra)e1 +%+i 'rec)e#%e 1 #e3#!ele4eri1 co#'lic%e1
$e2o#(%reaz+ c+ 2e$i"l 'a2ilial #" le5a o'eri% ace(%or copii a%2o('era #or2al+ 3#
care (e p"%ea" $ez)ol%a7
Fap%"l c+ e*i(%+ "# proce#% $e I9O $e 'a2ilii co#c"i#e &i 'a2ilii c"
p+ri#!i #ec+(+%ori!i1 co#(%i%"ie 3#c+ "#a $i# 2o%i)a!iile "#or 'e#o2e#e prec"2
Bcopii (%r+ziiB1 e%ape pe pri2e>$io("l $r"2 al $eli#c)e#%ei7
Fap%"l c+ e*i(%+ "# proce#% $e I9O $e 'a2ilii co#c"i#e &i 'a2ilii c"
p+ri#!i #ec+(+%ori!i1 $i)or!a!i co#(%i%"ie 3#c+ "#a $i# 2o%i)a!iile 'e#o2e#"l"i Bcopii
(%r+zii B7 Doar 9O a" a>"#( 3# (%ra$+ $a%ori%+ $ece("l"i a2ilor p+ri#!i &i .-O $i#
i#(%i%"!ii pe#%r" 2i#ori7
De al%'el1 la 3#%rearea pri# care ei %re"ia" (+ 2o%i)eze $e ce co#(i$er+ c+
a" a>"#( pe (%ra$+ 1 pe pri2"l loc (e a'l+ r+(p"#("l 4e#eral : B$a%ori%+ prole2elor
$e 'a2ilie B1 par%ic"lariza% 3# $i)er(e %ip"ri $e prole2e :
5 )iole#!a %a%+l"i (a" a %a%+l"i )i%re4 D
5 alcooli(2"l "#"ia (a" a2ilor p+ri#!iD
5 2a2a $ece$a%+ 1 %a%a are(%a%D
5 '+r+ 2i>loace $e ("zi(%e#!+ D
O prole2+ $eo(ei%+ care e*i(%+ la #i)el 'a2ilial1 i#'l"e#!0#$ $irec%
co2por%a2e#%"l copil"l"i1 e(%e rela!ia l"i c" p+ri#!ii7 A%0% $i# $i(c"!iile c" copii1
$ar &i 3# "r2a co#(%a%+rilor $i# 'a2ilie 1 3# .< $i# caz"ri rela!iile ("#% %o%al a4re(i)e
7 Co2por%a2e#%"l a4re(i) c"#oa&%e $i'eri%e 'or2e 1 $e la +%+i 'rec)e#%e pe#%r"
cele 2ai 2ici 4re&eli 1 co#(i$era%e "#eori 4re&eli 3# 2o$ #e>"(%i'ica%1 p0#+ la
a4re(i"#i corporale 4ra)e 7 Dac+ 'ace2 le4+%"ra c" percep!ia copiilor 'a!+ $e
a%i%"$i#ea %a%+l"i ;,-O o percep a 'i i#$i'ere#%+ 1 iar @-O $e a4re(i"#e = 1 (e poa%e
'ace precizarea c+ e*i(%+ $i'ere#!e cer%e 3#%re a%i%"$i#ea %a%+l"i &i cea a 2a2ei7 Pri#
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co2por%a2e#%"l lor1 copii 4+(e(c 2i>loace $e a ocoli ace(%e Bpor#iriB ale %a%+l"i1 3#
"l%i2+ i#(%a#!+ 1 proce$0#$ la p+r+(irea 'a2iliei 7 Copil"l accep%+ cer%"rile 2a2ei
co#(i$era%e >"(%i'ica%e ;3# :-O $i# caz"ri = 1 3# 9O $i# caz"ri 2a2a e(%e ac"za%+ $e
)iole#!+ &i 4+(i2 "# proce#% $e ,-O care i#$ic+ i#$i'ere#!a 2a2ei 'a!+ $e (i%"a!ia
copil"l"i7 Lip(a $e a'ec!i"#e1 co#>"4a%+ c" al%e %ip"ri $e prole2e care e*i(%+ 3#%re
a$"l!ii $i# 'a2ilie e(%e re(i2!i%+ pro'"#$ $e copii7
De al%'el1 %oa%e ace(%ea (e re'lec%+ 3# a%i%"$i#ea pe care o are 2i#or"l 'a!+ $e
p+ri#!i7 Di# cei ,- $e copii i#%er)ie)a!i1 I 3&i "r+(c %a%+l1 , 2a2a7 Fa!+ $e 2a2+ 1 <
$i#%re ei 2a#i'e(%+ a'ec!i"#e 1 iar : 'a!+ $e 'ra!i7 U#"l $i#%re 2o%i)ele pe#%r" care (5
ar 3#%oarce aca(+ e(%e %oc2ai a'ec!i"#ea 'a!+ $e 2a2+ &i 'ra!i1 poa%e c6iar $i#
(oli$ari%a%e c" pozi!ia lor la 'el $e #e'a)orail+ 3# propria 'a2ilie7
Di2po%ri)+ 1 pri#cipala ca"z+ pe#%r" care #" (5ar 3#%oarce aca(+ 1e(%e 'rica
$e )iole#!+7
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la(+ co#$"( &i 3#$r"2a%1 $e)i#e r"%al1 c6iar )iole#%1 c+"%0#$ (+ (e (i2%+ 3#
(i4"ra#!+ pri# co#$"i%e a4re(i)e 1 e(%e i#'l"e#!ail 1 i#(%ail &i i#%erioriza% 7
D"ri%a%ea &i o(%ili%a%ea $i# 'a2ilie )a 'i e*%rapola%+ 3# orice 2e$i" (ocial c" care el
)a )e#i 3# co#%ac%1 co#(i$er0#$"5(e 3# per2a#e#!+ a2e#i#!a%7
A#aliza co#$i!iilor 2a%eriale ale 'a2iliilor copiilor $e)ia!i cerce%a!i 1 #e
co#$"ce la co#cl"zia c+ 2a>ori%a%ea $i#%re ei pro)i# $i# 'a2ilii #"2eroa(e ;.9 O
a" 3#%re 95J 'ra!i &i :-O 'ac par%e $i# 'a2ilii care a" 2ai 2"l% $e @ copii=7
N"2+r"l 2are al 2e2rilor 'a2iliei %re"ie corela% c" oc"pa!ia p+ri#!ilor &i
)e#i%"rile ace(%ora7 Ta%+l1 3# cali%a%e $e 3#%re!i#+%or 3# 'a2iliile le4al co#(%i%"i%e (a"
reor4a#iza%e 1 l"creaz+ 3# propor!ie $e :-OD &o2eri .-O 1 pe#(io#a!i $i# 2o%i)e $e
oal+ .O1 re(%"l prac%ic0#$ co2er! (%ra$al (a" a'l0#$"5(e 3# pe#i%e#ciar; 8O=7 /#
caz"l 2a2ei1 $e a(e2e#ea 1 ("#% a#4a>a%e 3# propor!ie $e @-5@9O 1 pe(%e ,-O ("#%
ca(#ice 1 iar re(%"l i#%r+ 3# $i'eri%e ca%e4orii: '+r+ oc"pa!ie 1 &o2ere 1 pe#(io#a%e pe
caz $e oal+1 prac%icare $e co2er! (%ra$al7
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co#(%a%a 2o$e(%ia co#$i!iilor $e %rai1 i#("'icie#!a 2i>loacelor #ece(are e*i(%e#!ei 3#
(pecial 3# "r2a a#c6e%elor $i# 'a2ilie 1 "#$e a" p"%"% 'i o(er)a%e : #i)el"l $e %rai1
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(%"$ia%e 1 $oar ,-O a" )e#i%"ri ("'icie#%e &i o "#+ $o%are a loc"i#!ei 1 .-O a"
)e#i%"ri 2o$e(%e 1 9-O $eclar+ c+ a" )e#i%"ri i#("'icie#%e 1 #ere"&i#$ (+ 'ac+ 'a!+
#e)oilor zil#ice 1 iar .-O ("#% 3# (i%"a!ii $i(pera%e 7 E(%e $e re2arca% 'ap%"l c+ 3#
:-O $i# %o%al"l 'a2iliilor i#)e(%i4a%e 1 (e co#("2+ alcool $e c+%re %a%+ 1 2a2+ &i
'ra!ii 2ai 2ari7
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2a%eriale 1 co#$"c la apari!ia co2por%a2e#%"l"i $e)ia#% 1 a%0% pe#%r" 'a2ilie 1 3#
4e#eral 1 c0% &i pe#%r" copii 3# (pecial1 3#(+ $ac+ "4e%"l 'a2ilial #" e(%e orie#%a%
(pre o!i#erea "#or "#"ri $e (%ric%+ #ece(i%a%e 1 ci 2ai $e4ra+ (pre o!i#erea $e
+"%"ri alcoolice 1 apare o per(pec%i)+ a $i'ic"l%+!ilor 2a%eriale &i "# cli2a%
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"# proce#% $e :-O ("#% loc"i#!e #ecore(p"#z+%oare 1 c" 4ra$ re$"( $e co#'or% &i
$o%are ca(#ic+7 De al%'el 1 (pa!i"l $e loc"i% e(%e i#("'icie#% 1 $e4ra$a% 1 pro(%
3#%re!i#"%7
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co#$i!iile $e loc"i% ("#% $"la%e $e o lip(+ a e$"ca!iei1 a(%'el 3#c0% 1 c6iar $ac+ 3#
"#ele perioa$e a" )e#i%"ri ("'icie#%e 1 #" e*i(%+ preoc"parea ca o par%e $i# a#i (+
'ie i#)e(%i!i pe#%r" proc"rarea "#or "#"ri care ar $"ce la cre&%erea 4ra$"l"i $e
co#'or% 3# loc"i#!+7
E(%e e*plicail $e ce a(%'el $e co#$i!ii $e )ia!+; loc"i#!+1 )e#i%"ri1 $o%are1
#"2+r"l 2are $e per(oa#e 3#%r5o ca2er+=1 a%0% $e $i'icil $e ("por%a% 1 (+ co#(%i%"ie
pre2i(e ale apari!iei $ori#!ei $e e)a$are 7 Dac+ 2ai a$+"4+2 la ace(%ea rela!iile
3#cor$a%e $i#%re p+ri#!i 1 alcooli(2"l 1 a#%ece$e#%ele pe#ale ale p+ri#!ilor (a"
ra$elor apropia%e (a" 'ap%"l c+ &i ac"2 "#ii p+ri#!i ("#% are(%a!i 1 e(%e $e 3#!ele( c+
3#(e&i 2o$el"l 'a2ilial 1 3# a#(a2l"1 e(%e cel care 4e#ereaz+ co2por%a2e#%"l
:-
$e)ia#%7
De al%'el1 (e poa%e a$+"4a c+ 2"l!i $i#%re ei a" 'o(% (a" ("#% ol#a)i ;.:
copii =7 Bolile cele 2ai e)i$e#%e ("#% : $eili%a%ea 2i#%al+ 1 $e la 'or2e "&oare la
'or2e acce#%"a%e 1 T7B7C71 6epa%i%+ 1 al+%"ri $e care $e(%"l $e pro#"#!a%e ("#% olile
p(i6ice ;J caz"ri= preze#%e la "#ii 1 a%0% 3# 'ra4e$+ copil+rie1 c0% &i 3# preze#%1 care
a" #ece(i%a% $e(e i#%er#+ri 3# (pi%ale $e #e"rop(i6ia%rie 7
I2a4i#ea 'a2iliei1 ca 'ac%or ca"za%or &i 'a)oriza%or al $e)ia#!ei1 (e
co2ple%eaz+ $ac+ 'ace2 o ("cci#%+ a#aliz+ a pro'e(iei p+ri#!ilor1 le4a%+ $e
preoc"p+rile e$"ca!io#ale 3# 4e#eral &i $e cele &colare 3# (pecial1 2ai ale( pe#%r"
proprii copii7
/# ceea ce pri)e&%e pe %a%+ @9O ("#% '+r+ (%"$ii %er2i#a%e p0#+ la J cla(e1 iar
I9 O $i#%re 2a2e ("#% 3# aceea&i (i%"a!ie7
/# propor!ie $e :- O 2a2ele ("#% 2"#ci%oare #ecali'ica%e 1 .9 O
2"#ci%oare cali'ica%e pri# cali'icare o!i#"%+ la loc"l $e 2"#c+7 Aceea&i (i%"a!ie a
cali'ic+rii o a" &i %a!ii 3# propor!ie $e 99O 1 .9O 'ii#$ 2"#ci%ori #ecali'ica!i7
Se re2arc+ proce#%"l 'oar%e (c+z"% al celor care a" e'ec%i) o cali'icare 1
prec"2 &i a celor c" (%"$ii liceale ;: caz"ri = &i po(%liceale ; "# 2ai(%r" %e6#icia#=7
Se e*plic+ 3# ace(% 2o$ a%i%"$i#ea $e i#$i'ere#!+ 'a!+ $e aa#$o#"l &colar al
copiilor 1 (a" 'a!+ $e rez"l%a%ele (lae la 3#)+!+%"r+7 U#ii p+ri#!i 3i $e%er2i#+ pe
copii (+ cer&ea(c+7
De al%'el1 apro*i2a%i) 9-O $i#%re 2i#ori 2o%i)eaz+ c+ a" aa#$o#a% &coala
$a%ori%+ prole2elor $i# 'a2ilie 7
Rele)a#%+ pe#%r" a(pec%"l e$"ca!io#al a 'o(% a#c6e%a realiza%+ 3# 'a2ilie 7
Di# cele ,- $e 'a2ilii )izi%a%e #"2ai la : a 'o(% )iziil+ a%i%"$i#ea #or2al+ 'a!+ $e
&coal+ 1 #or2ali%a%ea 1 3# ace(% (e#( 1 'ii#$ e*pri2a%+ pri# (%ailirea co#%ac%elor
per2a#e#%e 3#%re p+ri#!i &i &coal+ 1 ("pra)e46erea copil"l"i7 /# al%e , caz"ri 1
le4+%"ra c" &coala e(%e (%aili%+ ocazio#al 1 a%i%"$i#ea 2a(i) repreze#%a%+ 'ii#$ $e
i#$i'ere#!+ ;., 'a2ilii= 7 Di# $i(c"!iile p"r%a%e pe acea(%+ %e2+ a reie&i% clar c+
"l%i2a ca%e4orie c"pri#$e p+ri#!i i#capaili $e a 3#!ele4e #ece(i%a%ea &colariz+rii
:.
copil"l"i1 i2por%a#!a e$"ca!iei 13# 4e#eral 1 pe#%r" ca propri"l copil (+ 2a#i'e(%e
#or2al 3# )ia!a (ocial+ 7
La cealal%+ e*%re2+1 a 4ri>ii e*a4era%e 'a!+ $e copil1 a i2p"#erii e$"ca!iei 3#
2o$ 'or!a%1 pri#%r5"# (%il a(pr" 1 c6iar a4re(i) 1 e(%e $oar "# caz care a%ra4e a%e#!ia 1
ca &i a ("prapro%ec!iei &i o $o2i#are a4re(i)+ $i# "#e i#%e#!ii1 care co#$"c copil"l
(pre $e)ia#!+7
/# (%r0#(+ le4+%"r+ c" a(pec%"l e$"ca!io#al 1 e(%e a%i%"$i#ea p+ri#!ilor 'a!+ $e
(i%"a!ia 3# care (e a'l+ copil"l7 S"#% 'oar%e p"!i#i p+ri#!i care co#&%ie#%izeaz+
pericol"l (ocial Bce 3l a2e#i#!+ B pe copil7
/# #ici "#"l $i# caz"ri p+ri#!ii #" rec"#o(c c+ o par%e $i# )i#+ e(%e &i a lor7
Doar 3# $o"+ 'a2ilii p+ri#!ii ("#% pro'"#$ i2pre(io#a!i $e 'ap%ele co2i(e $e copii
lor 7 De a(e2e#ea 1 3# "#"l $i# caz"ri p+ri#!ii co#(i$er+ a 'i acci$e#%al+ (i%"a!ia
copil"l"i 1 iar 3# al%"l p+ri#!ii 3#cearc+ (+5i >"(%i'ice co2por%a2e#%"l 1 '+r+ a
3#!ele4e co#%ri"!ia proprie la acea(%+B prole2+ B7
Copil"l care e(%e $e>a 3# (%ra$+1poa%e 'i per2a#e#% ;.- caz"ri=1 perio$ic ;I
caz"ri= &i 3#%02pl+%or ;: caz"ri=7 Perio$ici%a%ea (e 3#(crie 3#%re I l"#i &i pe(%e , a#i1
perioa$+ 3# care copiii po% a)ea "r2+%oarea r"%a (ocial+: p+r+(irea 'a2iliei $i#
2o%i)e $i(c"%a%e 2ai ("(1 )a4ao#$a> ;(%ra$+= 5 a$"&i $e poli!ie la ce#%rele $e
%riere5pri2ire 2i#ori1 %ri2i&i 3# 'a2ilie1$e "#$e a>"#4 $i# #o" 3# (%ra$+7 Re)e#irea
co#%i#"+ a celor 2ai 2"l!i $i#%re ei $e2o#(%reaz+ a(pec%"l cro#ic al 'e#o2e#"l"i7
/# pri2"l pla# al 2o%i)elor pe#%r" care 2i#orii $e)ia#!i $eclar+ c+ (e a'l+ 3#
(%ra$+ (%a": prole2ele le4a%e $e co#'lic%ele e*i(%e#%e 3# 'a2ilie &i lip("rile
2a%eriale $i# 'a2ilie1 iar 3# i2e$ia%a apropiere1 i#'l"e#!a 4r"p"l"i $e prie%e#i1
3#(o!i%+ $e B$ori#!a $e a)e#%"r+B7 De al%'el1 'oar%e p"!i#i copii )a4ao#$eaz+
(i#4"ri; @O= (a" 3#(o!i!i $e 'ra!i 2ai 2ari ;,O=1 apro*i2a%i) I-O 4+(i#$"5(e 3#
(%ra$+ 3# 4r"p"ri $e prie%e#i1'ie $e aceea&i )0r(%+1 'ie 2ai 2ari (a" 2ai 2ici7 U# al%
a(pec% 3l reprezi#%+ 'ap%"l c+ la aza #"2+r"l"i 2are $e ac%e a#%i(ociale ale
2i#orilor a" (%a% &i1 $i# p+ca%e1 )or 2ai (%a1 i#'l"e#!ele #e'a(%e ale per(oa#elor
a$"l%e cer%a%e c" le4ea1 care 'ac "# %i%l" $e 4lorie $i# colaorarea la
:,
(+)0r&irea i#'rac!i"#ilor c" B#oii a#4a>a!iB7
A>"#40#$ 3# (%ra$+1pe#%r" "# copil (e p"#e prole2a preoc"p+rii 3#
le4+%"r+ c" 2i>loacele $e e*i(%e#!+7 Se co#(%a%+ c+ %o!i 3&i proc"r+ ace(%e 2i>loace
pri# cer&e%orie1 '"r%1pro(%i%"!ie &i "#ele 2"#ci pe care le 'ac1 %ra#(por%0#$ cole%e1
2+r'"ri ;$e oicei 3# pia!+=7
C" a#ii o!i#"!i1 3&i proc"r+ 6ra#+;3# (pecial $"lci"ri=1 alcool1 !i4+ri &i
Ba"rolacB1 (a" ("#% caz"ri c0#$ %re"ie (+ $ea ace(% )e#i% zil#ic "#or !i4a#i (a" al%or
per(oa#e7 /# caz"l 3# care #" (e ("p"# ace(%or re4"li1 ace&%ia 2a#i'e(%+ 'a!+ $e copii
"# co2por%a2e#% a4re(i)7
Co#("2"l $e alcool &i $ro4"rile le o'er+ po(iili%a%ea $e a "i%a (i%"a!ia 3#
care ("#% &i 2arile lor #ecaz"ri7 Di# cei ,- $e copii i#%er)ie)a!i .: a" $eclara% c+ (e
$ro46eaz+ &i .8 co#("2+ alcool7
Dori#!a $e a re)e#i 3# 'a2ilie (e re4+(e&%e 3# propor!ie apro*i2a%i) e4al+
c" $ori#!a $e a #" (e 3#%oarce 3# propria 'a2ilie7 E(%e re(pi#(+ i$eea re3#%0l#irii c"
acela&i 2e$i" a4re(i)1 o(%il ;$e%er2i#a% a$e(ea $e co2por%a2e#%"l %a%+l"i (a"
co#c"i#"l"i=7
Di# %oa%e ace(%ea (e poa%e %ra4e co#cl"zia c+ 'a2ilia r+20#e 'ac%or"l
$e%er2i#a#% pe#%r" co2por%a2e#%"l copil"l"i &i ar p"%ea co#(%i%"i pilo#"l $e
("(!i#ere a "#or ac!i"#i (ociale care )izeaz+ $i2i#"area 'e#o2e#"l"i $e)ia#%7
Apro*i2a%i) ,K@ $i#%re ei re4re%+ c+ (e a'l+ 3# acea(%+ (i%"a!ie1 le e(%e r"&i#e1 $ar #"
(e co#(i$er+ )i#o)a!i7 Ca>ori%a%ea #" $ore(c (+ (e r+z"#e pe a$"l!i ;p+ri#!i1 'ra!i
2ai 2ari=7 U#ii a'ir2+ 3#(+ c+ (5ar r+z"#a pe cei c+rora %re"ie (+ le proc"re a#i
;!i4a#i=7
La 3#%rearea $e(pre proiec!ia 3# )ii%or1 #ici "#"l $i#%re copii #" a r+(p"#(7
Dezorie#%area1 $eza#4a>area1 pe(i2i(2"l ("#% a(pec%e care le 2arc6eaz+ i2a4i#ea
$e(pre )ii%or7
3.,.Concluzii
:@
/# a)a#(area e*plica!iilor ca"zale (5a" "r2+ri% $o"+ $irec!ii pri#cipale:
a= ca%e4oria $e ca"ze care 3# orice (i(%e2 (ocial 3l po% co#$"ce pe copil &i
a$ole(ce#% 3# po(%"ra $e $eli#c)e#%D
= ca"ze (peci'ice co#%e*%"l"i (ocial ro20#e(c1 carac%eriza% 3# preze#%
pri#%r5o co2ple*+ prole2a%ic+ (ocial+1 ce co#$i!io#eaz+ (a" ac!io#eaz+ $irec% 3#
'a)oarea apari!iei 'or2elor co2por%a2e#%ale $eli#c)e#%e7
/# pri2a ca%e4orie p"%e2 i#cl"$e:
T ca"ze p(i6o5(ociale e*i(%e#%e 3# 2e$i"l 'a2ilial ;care#!e
(%r"c%"rale &i '"#c!io#ale ale 'a2iliei=: ace(% %ip $e ca"ze $e%er2i#+ (c+$erea
3#cre$erii &i re(pec%"l 'a!+ $e 'a2ilie1 apari!ia "#or 2a#i'e(%+ri co2por%a2e#%ale
para$o*ale1 laili%a%e p(i6ic+ &i o (%r"c%"rare #e4a%i)+ a per(o#ali%+!ii e*pri2a%+ 3#
co#$"i%a a#%i(ocial+D
T ca"ze apar!i#0#$ 2e$i"l"i e$"ca!io#al ;&colar= 3# 4e#eral 3# 2e$i"l care
#" r+(p"#$e a(pira!iilor pe care le a" ele)ii 'a!+ $e &coal+ &i e$"ca!ie 3# 4e#eral1
e&ec &i aa#$o# &colarD
T ca"ze ce !i# $e (ocializarea #e4a%i)+ pe care o realizeaz+ a#"2i%e
4r"p"ri (ocial ;4r"p"l (%ra$al=7
A)0#$ 3# )e$ere cea $e a $o"a ca%e4orie $e ca"ze 1 %re"ie (+ por#i2 $e la
precizarea c+ 2a#i'e(%area pre4#a#%+ $"p+ .8<8 a $eli#c)e#%ei 3# 4e#eral &i a celei
>")e#ile1 3# (pecial1 e(%e "# 'e#o2e# #or2al 3#%r5o (ocie%a%e 2arca%+ $e a2ple
'+r02i!+ri (ociale &i %ra#('or2+ri '"#$a2e#%ale 7
Di#%re a(pec%ele care i#'l"e#!eaz+ 2e#!i#erea &i a4ra)area (%+rii
i#'rac!io#ale >")e#ile1 a2 $e%a&a% "r2+%oarele :
le4i(la!ie $ep+&i%+1 care #" (e 2ai 3#ca$reaz+ 3#
peri2e%r"l (ocial e*i(%e#%D
i#(%i%"!iile re(po#(aile $e a(i4"rare a (ec"ri%+!ii per(oa#ei1 a
ap+r+rii "#"rilor a)"%"l"i per(o#al &i p"lic1 a'l0#$"5(e 3# c"r( $e
re(%r"c%"rare pe aza "#or pri#cipii #oi1 a" 'o(% 3# $i'ic"l%a%e 3# aplicarea
le4ilorD
::
lip(a $e re(pec% 'a!+ $e p"%erea le4al+ $a%ora%+ 1 pe $e o par%e
c"lpailiz+rii i#(%i%"!iilor $e(%i#a%e co#%rol"l"i (ocial1 iar pe $e al%+
par%e 1'ap%"l c+ %oc2ai repreze#%a#!ii ei a" per2i( e*%i#$erea cor"p!iei
$i# 3#%re4"l (i(%e2 (ocio5eco#o2ic1 a 'o(% re(i2!i%+ $e %0#+ra 4e#era!ie 3#
i#%ere(ele ei i2e$ia%e1 $ar &i 3# 'or2area (ocio5"2a#+ 3# per(pec%i)+7
Ca"zele $e or$i# (ocial5eco#o2ic oc"p+ "# loc i2por%a#%:
Sc+$erea )e#i%"rilor reale1 (+r+cia "#ei propor!ii 3#(e2#a%e $i#
pop"la!ie 1 &o2a>"l 1 a" co#(eci#!e i2pre)iziile &i co#$"c la 'or2e $e
2a#i'e(%are i#'rac!io#al+ $eo(ei% $e )iole#%e7
Perpe%"area (%+rii $e (+r+cie pe#%r" #"2eroa(e 'a2ilii
1$e%er2i#+ apari!ia 2ar4i#aliz+rii (ociale a copiilor care 'ac par%e $i# ele1
iar reac!iile lor la acea(%+ (%are po% 'i $e %ip"l 2a#i'e(%+rilor $eli#c)e#%
a4re(i)e7
Lip(a a(i4"r+rii "#"i #i)el 2i#i2 $e %rai 1 $"ce la apari!ia
3#cerc+rii $e co2pe#(are a lip("rilor 2a%eriale pri# 2i>loace ile4ale &i la
crearea "#"i 2e$i" (ocial cor"p%7
Sporirea #"2+r"l"i $eli#c)e#!ilor (" .< a#i 1 poa%e 'i e*plica%+ ca o
co#(eci#!+ #e4a%i)+ a "#"i proce( $e a$ap%are a a$ole(ce#!ilor la #oile reali%+!i
(ocio5eco#o2ice7 /# "l%i2ii a#i (5a co#%"ra% "# #o" #i)el $e %rai 1 'oar%e a(%rac%
pe#%r" copii &i a$ole(ce#!i1 $ar 3# acela&i %i2p1 (5a" (i2!i% pri)a!i $e 2i>loacele
#ece(are $e a a>"#4e la #o"l 2o$el7
Si(%e2"l $e 3#)+!+20#% a a)"% o i#'l"e#!+ $irec%+ pri# 'ap%"l c+ #oi 2o$ele
e$"ca!io#ale (5a" )r"% i2ple2e#%a%e $i# 2er( 1'ap% ce a 4e#era% 3# 2"l%e (i%"a!ii
e&ec"ri c" co#(eci#!e 4re" $e pre)+z"% &i aproape i2po(iil $e co#%racara%7
Di'ic"l%a%ea 4+(irii "#"i loc $e 2"#c+ $e%er2i#+ prel"#4irea perioa$ei $e %ra#zi!ie
$e la &coal+ la 2"#c+7 /# acea(%+ perioa$+1 a$ole(ce#%"l1$i# lip(+ $e oc"pa!ie1 e(%e
%e#%a% (+ (e orie#%eze c+%re ac%i)i%+!i 2ar4i#ale1 care i (e par e'icie#%e $i# p"#c% $e
)e$ere 2a%erial7
i %o%"&i a(pec%ele care 3#%re!i# &i a4ra)eaz+ (%area i#'rac!io#al+1 #" (e
:9
opre(c aici1 ele p"%0#$ co#%i#"a:
lip(a $e clari%a%e a a%ri"!iilor &i 'er2i%a%e 3# ac!i"#e a
$epar%a2e#%elor re(po#(aile 3# %ra%area &i pre)e#irea ace(%"i 'e#o2e#D
rela!iile i#%eri#(%i%"!io#ale ("#% i#e'icie#%e ;ace(% a(pec% (e
re'er+1 3# (pecial1 la rela!ia $i#%re Ci#i(%er"l E$"ca!iei &i Cerce%+rii1
Ci#i(%er"l A$2i#i(%ra!iei &i I#%er#elor1 Ci#i(%er"l U"(%i!iei (i Ci#i(%er"l
Ti#ere%"l"i &i Spor%"l"i=D
e*i(%e#!a "#or preoc"p+ri p"r 'or2ale 3# $o2e#i"l a(i(%e#!ei
(ociale7
Por#i#$ $e la pre2i(a c+ $e%er2i#area co2por%a2e#%"l"i $eli#c)e#%
>")e#il e(%e 2"l%ipl+1 pl"ri'ac%orial+1 &i i2plic+ #i)el"ri $i'eri%e $e ca"zali%a%e1
a#aliza e%iolo4ic+ realiza%+ a 3#cerca% (+ e)i$e#!ieze ca"zele pri#cipale #" 3# (e#("l
$e ca"ze care ac!io#eaz+ $irec% 3#%r5"# a#"2i% 2o2e#% a("pra i#$i)i$"l"i 5 i$ee ce
(e 3#%0l#e&%e 3# li%era%"ra >"ri$ic+ 5 ci )+z"%e ca ele2e#%e p(i6o5(ociale1 care 3#
3#%rep+%r"#$erea lor (peci'ic+ alc+%"ie(c "# co2ple* ca"zal1 c" i#'l"e#!e 3#
e)ol"!ia co2por%a2e#%"l"i 2i#or"l"i
C#NC$U-II
E)ol"!ia Ro20#iei $i# "l%i2"l $ece#i" 3# co#%e*%"l 4e#eral $i# (pa!i"l ("$5
e(% e"ropea# a p"( pop"la!ia &i i#(%i%"!iile (%a%"l"i 3# 'a!a "#or prole2e la care1 3#
2"l%e r0#$"ri1 poa%e prea 2"l%e1 #" a" re"&i% (+ 4+(ea(c+ (ol"!ii )iaile7 E)i$e#%1
ace(% l"cr" #" a 3#%0rzia% (+5(i ara%e e'ec%ele1 3# %oa%e $o2e#iile 7 Di'ic"l%+!ile 3#
care (e a'l+ ac"2 (ocie%a%ea reprezi#%+ "# 'ac%or 'a)oriza#% pe#%r" ca "# 2are
:I
#"2+r $e %i#eri (+ (e orie#%eze c+%re peric"lo("l $r"2 a $eli#c)e#%ei7 De $a%a
acea(%a 4ra)i%a%ea (i%"a!iei #" poa%e 'i a%e#"a%+ $e #i2ic pe#%r" c+ 3# >oc (e a'l+ "#
'ac%or $eo(ei% $e i2por%a#% pe#%r" 2o$"l c"2 )a ar+%a 20i#e (ocie%a%ea
ro20#ea(c+: %i#erii7
L"crarea (e )rea a 'i o co#(%a%are a "#ei (%+ri $e 'ap% i#%oleraile 3# orice
(ocie%a%e1 o 2o$ali%a%e $e a a)er%iza a("pra co#(eci#!elor ce le are i4#ora#!a 'a!+ $e
'ac%orii care 4e#ereaz+ cri2i#ali%a%e &i care 2ai 2"l% (a" 2ai p"!i# a'ec%eaz+ pe
'iecare $i#%re #oi7
Se i2p"#e c" #ece(i%a%e $ez)ol%area pro4ra2elor $e pre)e#ire a
$eli#c)e#%ei care !i#%e(c ace&%i 'ac%ori $e ri(c &i ("pra)e46erea copiilor la
a$ole(ce#!+ &i 2a%"ri%a%e pe#%r" (%ailirea e'ec%elor pe %er2e# l"#4 a("pra
$eli#c)e#%ei &i cri2elor7 Pro4ra2e care (+ 3#cerce (+ 32"#+%+!ea(c+ 2e%o$ele $e
e$"care 'olo(i%e $e p+ri#!i &i c"#o&%i#!ele ace(%ora $e(pre $ez)ol%area copiilor ar
p"%ea 'i e'icie#%e7 U# i2pac% pozi%i) ar a)ea &i a#%re#area ap%i%"$i#ilor
co2por%a2e#%ale i#%erper(o#ale1 pe#%r" 32"#+%+!irea a"%oco#%rol"l"i1 pro4ra2ele
$e 32"#+%+!ire i#%elec%"al+ pre&colar+7
U#a $i# i$eile $e az+ $e la care %re"ie (+ (e por#ea(c+ e(%e aceea c+ orice
2+("r+ care )a a)ea ("cce( 3# re$"cerea i#'rac!io#ali%+!ii )a a)ea ("cce( &i 3#
rezol)area prole2elor (ociale7 Orice 2+("ri care re$"c i#'rac!io#ali%a%ea )or
re$"ce proail &i co#("2"l $e alcool1 co#$"cerea (" i#'l"e#!a +"%"rilor
alcoolice1 a"z"l $e $ro4"ri1 pro2i(c"i%a%ea (e*"al+1 )iole#!a 3# 'a2ilie1 c6i"l"l1
#e%er2i#area (%"$iilor1 &o2a>"l1 $ezar2o#ia c"pl"rilor1 $i)or!"l7 E(%e e)i$e#% c+ "#
copil prole2+ %i#$e (+ $e)i#+ "# a$"l% prole2+1 iar a$"l%"l prole2+ %i#$e (+ $ea
#a&%ere la copii prole2+7
S"#% #ece(are 2ari e'or%"ri pe#%r" a (%0rpi r+$+ci#ile cri2ei1 3# (pecial $i#
par%ea celor care (e oc"p+ $e $ez)ol%area %i2p"rie a copil"l"i 3# pri2ii a#i $e )ia!+7
:J
!N./!
0'id de interviu
A. Dte %ener)e #rivind "inoru)
.7 #"2ele &i pre#"2ele
,7 (e*"l
@7 )0r(%a
:7 loc"l #a&%erii 5 "ra#5r"ral
97 "l%i2"l $o2icili" (%ail7
7. Co#i)u) (i +trd:
. 7Ci#or"l (e a'l+ pe (%ra$+:
a=per2a#e#%
=perio$ic
c=3#%02pl+%or7
,7De c0#$S
@7C" ci#e:
a=(i#4"r1
=c" 'ra!ii 2ai 2iciD
c=c" prie%e#ii 2ai 2iciD
$=c" prie%e#ii $e aceea&i )0r(%+D
e=c" prie%e#ii 2ai 2ariD
'=c" al%e per(oa#e;careS=7
C.Cu" ;(i "otive-& "inoru) cu-e)e .un%erii ;n +trd&.
D.1inoruI (i <"i)i
.7Rela!iile $i#%re p+ri#!i:
a=ar2o#ie
=#e3#!ele4eri 3#%02pl+%oare
:<
c=co#'lic%e
$=cer%"ri 4ra)e
e=+%+i1a4re(i"#i corporale7
,7A%i%"$i#ea 'a!+ $e copil
a=a %a%+l"i: 5 'oar%e i#$"l4e#%+ 5(e)er+
5i#$"l4e#%+ 5'oar%e (e)er+
5a$ec)a%+
=a 2a2ei: 5 'oar%e i#$"l4e#%+ 5(e)er+
5i#$"l4e#%+ 5'oar%e (e)er+
5a$ec)a%+
@7Ca#i'e(%+rile corporale 'a!+ $e copil:
- a %a%+l"i :
a=)iole#%e &i a4re(i"#i corporaleD 5
=+%+i 'rec)e#%e pe#%r" cele 2ai 2ici 4re&eliD
c=cer%"ri &i +%+i pe#%r" 4re&eli 2ariD
$=cer%"ri rare1 #e>"(%i'ica%eD
e=#" 3l cear%+ 3# #ici o (i%"a!ie7
- a 2a2ei:
a=)iole#%e &i a4re(i"#i corporaleD
=+%+i 'rec)e#%e pe#%r" cele 2ai 2ici 4re&eliD
c=cer%"ri &i +%+i pe#%r" 4re&eli 2ariD
$=cer%"ri rare1 #e>"(%i'ica%eD
e=#" 3l cear%+ 3# #ici o (i%"a!ie
:7Ci#e $i# 'a2ilie1 $"p+ aprecierea 2i#or"l"i1 2a#i'e(%+ 'a!+ $e el:
a=a'ec!i"#eD =i#$i'ere#!+D c= $"&2+#ie7
97Fa!+ $e care per(oa#+ $i# 'a2ilie copil"l 2a#i'e(%+:
- pe#%r" %a%+:
a=a'ec!i"#e
:8
=i#$i'ere#!+
c=$"&2+#ie7
- pe#%r" 2a2+ :
a=a'ec!i"#e
=i#$i'ere#!+
c=$"&2+#ie
I7Preze#!a alcooli(2"l"i 3# 'a2ilie:
a= Da;careS= =N" c= N" &%ie7
E7C"2 3&i proc"r+ 2i>loacele $e ("zi(%e#!+:
a=2"#c+1 =cer&e%orieD c='"r%D $=pro(%i%"!ieD e=al%e 2o$ali%+!i7
F7 Ci#or"l &i &coala:
.7Copil"l a 'rec)e#%a% 3#)+!+20#%"l pre&colar:
a=Da =N"7
,7A 'rec)e#%a% &coala:
a=Da =N"
@7Dac+ $a1ce %ip $e &coal+:
a=#or2al+ =(pecial+
:7A a(ol)i% &coala:
a=Da =N"
97Dac+ #" $i# ce 2o%i)e7
I7Rez"l%a%ele o!i#"%e la &coal+ a" 'o(%:;("#%=:
a="#e =2e$ii c=(lae7
J7Are prie%e#i la &coal+:
a=Da =N"
<7A%i%"$i#ea cole4ilor $e%er2i#+ la copil:
a='rec)e#%area &colii c" pl+cereD
= 'rec)e#%area &colii $i# oli4a!ieD
c=$ori#!a $e aa#$o#a &coala7
G7Copil"l a ("'eri% $e o a#"2i%+ oal+ care a #ece(i%a% 3#4ri>ire
9-
2e$ical+:
a=Da;careS= =N"
H7Ci#or"l '"2eaz+:
a='rec)e#% ="#eori c=#ici o$a%+
I7Co#("2+ alcool:
a='rec)e#% ="#eori c=#icio$a%+
U7Se $ro46eaz+:
a='rec)e#% ="#eori
c=#icio$a%+
V7 l7Ci#or"l a 'o(% re!i#"% $e poli!ie:
a=Da ;pe#%r" ceS= =N"
,7Dac+ $a1 $"p+ ce a 'o(% re!i#"% $e poli!ie:
a= a 'o(% 3#cre$i#!a% 'a2iliei
= a re)e#i 3# ca(a $e copii
c=a 'o(% %ri2i( la Ce#%r"l $e pri2ire 2i#ori
$=a re)e#i% $irec% 3# (%ra$+
L7Proiec!ia 3# )ii%or a 2i#or"l"i:
. 7Ar )rea (+ re)i#+ 3# 'a2ilie ;$ac+ are=:
a= $ac+ $a 1$e ceS
= Dac+ #"1 $e ceS
,7Cre$e c+ 'a2ilia $ore&%e (+ (e 3#%oarc+ aca(+ :
a=$ac+ $a 1$e ceS
=$ac+ #" 1$e ceS
@7 /i e(%e %ea2+ (+ (e 3#%oarc+ aca(+ S
a= $ac+ $a 1$e ceS
= Dac+ #" 1 $e ceS
:7C"2 )e$e 2i#or"l (i%"a!ia (a 7
C7 Ci#orii $i# ce#%rele $e copii:
l7C"2 apreciaz+ copiii co#$i!iile $e loc"i% &i $e %rai $i# Ca(ele $e copii:
9.
a= "#e D
= (a%i('+c+%oareD
c= #e(a%i('ac+%oareD
,7 A%i%"$i#ea 'a!+ $e pro'e(ori &i pe$a4o4i:
a="#+D =(a%i('+c+%oareD c= #e(a%i('+c+%oare7
@7 A%i%"$i#ea pro'e(orilor &i pe$a4o4ilor 'a!+ $e ei:
a= "#+D
= (a%i('+c+%oareD
c= #e(a%i('+c+%oare7
:7 Rela!iile c" al!i copii:
a= "#eD
= (a%i('+c+%oareD
c= #e(a%i('+c+%oare7
97 A%i%"$i#ea celorlal!i copii 'a!+ $e el:
a= "#+D
= (a%i('+c+%oareD
c= #e(a%i('+c+%oare7
I7 Ce l5a $e%er2i#a% (+ p+r+(ea(c+ Ca(a $e copii7
9,
=G>ID DE INTERVIU? PENTRU CERCETAREA 8A1ILIILOR
DIN CARE PROVIN COPII DEVIANTI?
A. Dte de identi<icre "inoru)ui:
.7 (e*
,7 )0r(%a
@7 ca"zele cerce%+rii 2i#or"l"i7
7.Ti#u) de <"i)ie din cre #rovine co#i)u) :
.7 #or2al+ ;le4al co#(%i%"i%+=D
,7 co#c"i#+
@7 $ezor4a#iza%+; $e(p+r!ire 3# 'a2ilia le4al co#(%i%"i%+ =D
:7 $ezor4a#iza%+ ; $e(p+r!ire 3# 'a2ilia co#c"i#+=
97 2o#opare#%al+; 2a2a $ece$a%+ =
I7 2o#opare#%al+ ;%a%+l $ece$a%=
J7 reor4a#iza%+ ; a2ii p+ri#!i $ece$a!i=D
<7 a(e#%+ ; a2ii p+ri#!i $ece$a!i=
87 a(e#%+ ; copil aa#$o#a%1 p+ri#!i c"#o(c"!i=D
.-7 a(e#%+ ; copil aa#$o#a% 1p+ri#!i #ec"#o(c"!i =7
C.1ediu) de #rovenien!& ) #&rin!i)or :
.7 %a%+l a= "ra# ,72a2a a="ra#
= r"ral = r"ral
D. V@r+t #&rin!i)or:
E. Pro<e+i (i ocu#!i ctu)& #&rin!i)or:
.7 %a%+l: a= '+r+ oc"pa!ie D ,72a2a : a= ca(#ic+
=a4ric"l%or = '+r+ oc"pa!ieD
c= 2"#ci%or #ecali'ica%D c=a4ric"l%oare D
9@
$= 2"#ci%or cali'ica%D $= 2"#ci%oare #ecali'ica%+
e= '"#c!io#ar
'= %e6#icia#12ai(%r"
4= c" (%"$ii ("perioare
6= pe#(io#a% 2e$ical
i= 3#%repri#z+%or
>= #" &%ie7
'= '"#c!io#ar
8 .Nive)u) de (co)ri-re ) #&rin!i)or
5 %a%+l:
a= '+r+ &coal+1
= pa%r" cla(e pri2are D
c= (%"$ii 4i2#aziale #e%er2i#a%eD
$= 4i2#azi"D lice"
e= (%"$ii liceale #e%er2i#a%e
'= (%"$ii ("perioare
4= &coal+ po(%liceal+
6= (%"$ii7
i= #" &%i"7
5 2a2a:
a= '+r+ &coal+1
=pa%r" cla(e pri2are D
c=(%"$ii 4i2#aziale #e%er2i#a%eD
$=4i2#azi" D lice"
e=(%"$ii liceale #e%er2i#a%e
'=(%"$ii ("perioare
4=&coal+ po(%liceal+
6=(%"$ii7
i=#" &%i"7
9:
G.Ti#u) de )ocuin!& (i condi!ii)e de )ocuit (i de tri:
a=%ip"l $e loc"i#!+D
=c0%e ca2ere are "l%i2a loc"i#!+ a copil"l"iD
c=c0%e per(oa#e loc"ie(c 3# acea(%aD
$=c0%e per(oa#e loc"ie(c 3# aceea&i ca2er+7
>.Venituri)e <"i)iei:
a=%a%aD =2a2aD c='ra!iD $=ale r"$e7
I. C)i"tu) <"i)i) (i re)!i "inor 0 du)t:
. 7Rela!iile $i#%re p+ri#!i:
a=ar2o#ie
=#e3#!ele4eri 3#%02pl+%oare
c=co#'lic%e
$=cer%"ri 4ra)e
e=+%+i1a4re(i"#i corporale7
,7A%i%"$i#ea 'a!+ $e copil:
a=a %a%+l"i: 5 'oar%e i#$"l4e#%+ =a 2a2ei: 5 'oar%e i#$"l4e#%+
5i#$"l4e#%+ 5a$ec)a%+ 5i#$"l4e#%+ 5a$ec)a%+
5(e)era 5'oar%e (e)er+7 5(e)er+ 5'oar%e (e)er+7
99
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$eli#c)e#%ei >")e#ileB E$7 Ce$ical+1 B"c"re&%i1 .88-
@7 Dra4o2ire(c"1V7 BP(i6olo4ia co2por%a2e#%"l"i $e)ia#%B E$i%"ra
%ii#!i'ic+ &i E#ciclope$ic+1 B"c"re&%i1 .8JI
:7 Carioara Pe%c" A EDelic)e#%a7 Repere p(i6o(ocialeF1 E$7Dacia1 Cl">
Napoca1 .888
97 Ca"rice C"((o#D EDe)ia#%aF A S%"$i" p"lica% 3# ETra%a% $e
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J7 R+&ca#"1 R"*a#$ra BNe"rop(i6o'iziolo4ia $e)ia#!ei la a$ole(ce#!i &i
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