ROCK TUNNEL

Necessity, Systematic approach,

Planning & Construction
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By Ms. Prachiti Shingade
MTech (I) SMFE
P12SM014
CONTENTS
Necessity

Planning
Site Investigation
Rock Mass Classification (Design)
Execution

Tunnelling Methods
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NECESSITY

Geographical Conditions


Saving Time, Energy & Fuel


Reducing traffic congestion
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PLANNING

1. Site Investigation


2. Rock Mass Classification (Design)



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PLANNING
1. Site Investigation

Geological survey & exploration

Hydrological survey

Rock temperatures & gases

Geological profile along the tunnel axis

Location

Cross section

Rock pressures & analysis of loads on tunnel
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PLANNING
2. Rock Mass Classification/ Design

The design of tunnels in rock currently utilizes three main
approaches:

Analytical

Observational

Empirical
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PLANNING
2. Rock Mass Classification/ Design

Terzaghi's Rock Load Classification

Lauffer's Classification

Deere's Rock Quality Designation

RSR Concept

The Geomechanics Classification (RMR. System)

Q-System
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PLANNING

Rock Tunneling involves:

Rock Excavation

Rock Support

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PLANNING
Rock Support

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PLANNING
Design tools
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PLAXIS FLAC CFD
ABAQUS
TUNNELLING METHODS
Rock Excavation (Tunnel Driving)

D & B :



TBM :

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TUNNELLING METHODS
Rock Excavation







Cut & Cover Full Face Heading Pilot Tunnel
Method

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TUNNELLING METHODS
Heading & Bench
Method







NATM

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TUNNELLING METHODS
D & B
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TUNNELLING METHODS
TBM
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TUNNELLING METHODS
Cut & Cover

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TUNNELLING METHODS
Full Face Heading
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TUNNELLING METHODS
Pilot Tunnel Method

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TUNNELLING METHODS
Heading & Bench Method

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TUNNELLING METHODS
NATM
Sealing Shotcrete Shotcrete 25-50mm generally

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TUNNELLING METHODS
NATM
Fixing of Lattice Girder lattice girder is 3 Bars of steel
reinforcement placed at three corners of triangle with 8mm steel
bar for connection.
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TUNNELLING METHODS
NATM
Fixing of wire mash generally used 6mm thick wires


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TUNNELLING METHODS
NATM
Primary Lining with Shotcrete In layers each not thicker than150mm

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TUNNELLING METHODS
NATM
Rock Bolting


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TUNNELLING METHODS
NATM
Pipe Forepoling Used for crown support for next Excavation cycle


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REFERANCES
TUNNEL DESIGN BY ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS: By Z. T.
Bieniawski, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Mineral
Engineering University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION & METHODS:
Jagman Sing, Second Edition
PRACTICAL ROCK ENGINEERING: By Evert Hoek

www.ita-aites.org
http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/tunnel.htm
www.rocscience.com/


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