Fuzzy Relation and Composition Chapter

Chapter 3
FUZZY RELATION AND

COMPOSITION

Chi-Yuan Yeh
2
Outline
Product set
Crisp / fuzzy relations
Composition / decomposition
Projection / cylindrical extension
Extension of fuzzy set / fuzzy relation
Fuzzy distance between fuzzy sets
3
Product set

4
Product set
Product set
A={a1,a2} B={b1,b2} C={c1,c2}

AxBxC =
{(a1,b1,c1),(a1,b1,c2),(a1,b2,c1),(a1,b2,c2),(a
2,b1,c1),(a2,b1,c2),(a2,b2,c1), (a2,b2,c2)}
5
6
Crisp relation
A relation among crisp sets is a
subset of the Cartesian product. It is denoted
by .

Using the membership function defines the
crisp relation R :

1 2

n
R A A A _
1 2
1 2
1 1 2 2
1 iff ( , , ..., ) ,
( , , , )
0 otherwise
where , ,...,
n
R n
n n
x x x R
x x x
x A x A x A
e e e
1 2
, , ,
n
A A A
R
7
Fuzzy relation
A fuzzy relation is a fuzzy set defined on the
Cartesian product of crisp sets A
1
, A
2
, ..., A
n

where tuples (x
1
, x
2
, ..., x
n
) may have varying
degrees of membership within the relation.
The membership grade indicates the strength
of the relation present between the elements of
the tuple.

{ }
1 2
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2
: ... [0,1]
(( , ,..., ), ) | ( , ,..., ) 0, , ,...,
R n
n R R n n n
A A A
R x x x x x x x A x A x A

= > e e e
8
Representation methods
Bipartigraph

(Crisp) (Fuzzy)
9
Matrix
(Crisp) (Fuzzy)

1 2 3 4
y y y y

1
2
3
4

x
x
x
x
1
2
3
4

x
x
x
x
1 2 3 4
y y y y
B B
10
Digraph
(Crisp) (Fuzzy)
11
Domain and range of fuzzy relation
Domain:
Range :
( )
( ) max ( , )
dom R R
y B
x x y
e
=
( )
( ) max ( , )
ran R R
x A
y x y
e
=
domain range
12
Domain and range of fuzzy relation
Fuzzy matrix

( ) 1
( ) 2
( ) 3
( ) 4
( ) 5
( ) 6
( ) 1.0
( ) 0.4
( ) 1.0
( ) 1.0
( ) 0.5
( ) 0.2
dom R
dom R
dom R
dom R
dom R
dom R
x
x
x
x
x
x
=
=
=
=
=
=
13
Operations on fuzzy matrices
Sum:

Example

max[ , ]
ij ij
A B a b + =
14
Max product: C = AB=AB=
Example

12
? C =
15
Max product
Example

12
0.1 C =
16
Max product
Example

13
0.5 C =
17
Max product
Example

C =
18
Scalar product:

Example

where 0 1 A s s

0.1 0.25 0.0
0.5 0.2 0.5 0.05
0.0 0.5 0.0
a b c
a
A b
c
=
19
Operations on fuzzy relations
Union relation

For n relations
( , )
( , ) max( ( , ), ( , ))
( , ) ( , )
R S R s
R s
x y A B
x y x y x y
x y x y

e
=
= v
1 2
...
( , )
( , ) ( , )
n i
i
R R R R
R
x y A B
x y x y

e
= v
20
Union relation
Example
21
Intersection relation

For n relations
( , )
( , ) min( ( , ), ( , ))
( , ) ( , )
R S R s
R s
x y A B
x y x y x y
x y x y

e
=
= .
1 2
...
( , )
( , ) ( , )
n i
i
R R R R
R
x y A B
x y x y

e
= .
22
Intersection relation
Example
23
Complement relation:

Example

( , )
( , ) 1 ( , )
R
R
x y A B
x y x y
e
=
24
Composition of fuzzy relations
Max-min composition

Example
( , ) max[min( ( , ), ( , ))]
[ ( , ) ( , )]
S R R S
y
R S
y
x z x y y z
x y y z

=
= v .
( , ) , ( , ) x y A B y z B C e e
25
26
Example
(1, ) max[min(0.1, 0.9), min(0.2, 0.2), min(0.0, 0.8), min(1.0, 0.4)]
max[0.1, 0.2, 0.0, 0.4] 0.4
S R
o =
= =
27
Example
(1, ) max[min(0.1, 0.0), min(0.2,1.0), min(0.0, 0.0), min(1.0, 0.2)]
max[0.0, 0.2, 0.0, 0.2] 0.2
S R
| =
= =
28
29
-cut of fuzzy relation

Example
30
-cut of fuzzy relation
31
Decomposition of relation
32
0.9 0.4 0.0
0.0 1.0 0.4
0.0 0.7 1.0
0.4 0.0 0.0
R
M =
0
33
0.9 0.4 0.0
0.0 1.0 0.4
0.0 0.7 1.0
0.4 0.0 0.0
R
M =
=
34
35
( )
( ) max ( , )
dom R R
y B
x x y
e
=
( )
( ) max ( , )
ran R R
x A
y x y
e
=
36
Projection in n dimension
37
Projection

Projection
38
Projection
39
max(0.4, 0.5) 0.5 =
max(0.2, 0.1) 0.2 =
Projection
40
41
42
Cylindrical extension
43
3
( ) 1 2 3 3
( , , ) ( )
C R R
x x x x =
3
3
3
3
( )
( )
( )
( )
(0, 0, 0) (0) 1.0
(0,1, 0) (0) 1.0
(1, 0, 0) (0) 1.0
(1,1, 0) (0) 1.0
C R R
C R R
C R R
C R R

= =
= =
= =
= =

x
1
= 0 : xx
1
= 1 : y
x
2
= 0 : a x
2
= 1 : b
x
3
= 0 : x
3
= 1 :
44
45

Join(R
123
R
123
) = C(R
123
)C(R
123
)
= Min(R
123
R
123
)
= R
123

(x
1
x
2
x
3
) R
123
R
12
R
23
R
123
' R
123
'' R
123
'''
0 0 0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9
0 0 1 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7
0 1 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0 1 1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0
1 0 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1 0 1 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.7
1 1 0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0
1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Extension of fuzzy set
A crisp function

Let then

46
} ) ( | { ) ( B x f x B f e =
} ), ( | { ) ( A x x f y y A f e = =
} , , { 3 2 1 a a a A=
} , { 2 1 b b B =
3 3
2 2
1 1
:
:
:
b a f
b a f
b a f
Y X f :
There are two universal sets

And

We can obtain B by A and R, use
47
} ,..., , {
} ,..., , {
2 1
2 1
n
n
y y y Y
x x x X
=
=
Y B X A _ _ ,
)} 1 , ( ), 1 , ( ), 1 , {( 3 2 1 x x x A=
)} 1 ), , (( ), 1 ), , (( ), 1 ), , {(( 2 3 2 2 1 1 y x y x y x R =
B y A x y x x Max y R e e = , ))], , ( ), ( [min( ) (
48
By

B y A x y x x Max y R e e = , ))], , ( ), ( [min( ) (
)} 1 , ( ), 1 , {(
1 )] 1 , 1 min( ), 1 , 1 max[min(
))] , ( ), ( min( )), , ( ), ( [min( ) (
1 )] 1 , 1 max[min( ))] , ( ), ( [min( ) (
2 1
2 3 3 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
y y B get
y x x y x x Max y
y x x Max y
R R
R
=
= =
=
= = =

If A is a fuzzy set
and R is

We can also get B by A an R, use
49
)} 6 . 0 , ( ), 7 . 0 , ( ), 2 . 0 , {( 3 2 1 x x x A=
)} 1 ), , (( ), 1 ), , (( ), 1 ), , {(( 2 3 2 2 1 1 y x y x y x R =
Y y X x y x x Max y R e e = , ))], , ( ), ( [min( ) (
By use
50
)} 7 . 0 , ( ), 2 . 0 , {( get can we so
7 . 0 )] 1 , 6 . 0 min( ), 1 , 7 . 0 [min(
))] , ( ), ( min( )), , ( ), ( [min( ) (
2 . 0 )] 1 , 2 . 0 [min( ))] , ( ), ( [min( ) (
2 1
2 3 3 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
y y B
Max
y x x y x x Max y
Max y x x Max y
R R
R
=
= =
=
= = =

If A is a fuzzy set
and R is a fuzzy relation

We can get B by using

51
)} 6 . 0 , ( ), 7 . 0 , ( ), 2 . 0 , {( 3 2 1 x x x A=
)} 9 . 0 ), , (( ), 4 . 0 ), , (( ), 5 . 0 ), , {(( 2 3 2 2 1 1 y x y x y x R =
By

52
)} 6 . 0 , ( ), 2 . 0 , {( get can we so
6 . 0 )] 9 . 0 , 6 . 0 min( ), 4 . 0 , 7 . 0 [min(
))] , ( ), ( min( )), , ( ), ( [min( ) (
2 . 0 )] 5 . 0 , 2 . 0 [min( ))] , ( ), ( [min( ) (
2 1
2 3 3 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
y y B
Max
y x x y x x Max y
Max y x x Max y
R R
R
=
= =
=
= = =

53

Extension of a crisp relation
54

55
Extension by fuzzy relation
56
57
2
R
M
58
' 1
' 2
' 3
( ) max[min(0.8, 0.3), min(0.3, 0.8)] 0.3
( ) max[min(0.8,1.0), min(0.3, 0.0)] 0.8
( ) max[min(0.8, 0.0), min(0.3, 0.0)] 0.0
B
B
B
b
b
b
= =
= =
= =
2
R
M
59
' 1
' 2
' 3
( ) max[min(0.3, 0.7), min(0.8, 0.2), min(0.0, 0.0)] 0.3
( ) max[min(0.3, 0.4), min(0.8, 0.0), min(0.0, 0.3)] 0.3
( ) max[min(0.3,1.0), min(0.8, 0.3), min(0.0, 0.9)] 0.8
C
C
C
c
c
c
= =
= =
= =
2
R
M
1 2 3
' {( , 0.3), ( , 0.8), ( , 0.0)} B b b b =
60
61
nonnegative
62
63

64
65
66
Thanks for your attention!

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Chapter 3

FUZZY RELATION AND

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