LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

Speech and Writing

Speech
1. A speaker tries to exert an influences on a listener by making him perceive,
understand, feel or do something particular.
2. Features :
(i) Speech is a dynamic changes at various levels & proceeds continuously.
(ii) The whole interaction depends on the situation.
(iii) Accompanied & supplemented by non-verbal signals.
(iv) Involving face to face interaction in a normal situation.
(v) The listener responds all the time.
Writing
1. Not perceived & interpreted at the same times and places as they are produced.
2. Features :
(i) A written text & its component parts (letters, words, sentences, etc) have the
character of objects ; they are persistent and static.
(ii) Need more skilled & erudite(pandai) writer.
(iii) Written language is mainly used in the non-private life sphere.
(iv) Not integrated with everyday knowledge & culture / separate from the world
of direct experience.
(v) Made up of discrete symbols, i.e have punctuation & paragraph division.
(vi) More constrained by rules & conventions.
(vii) Less variation i.e less dialectal.






Differences between Writing and Speech
Writing Speech
Usually permanent & cannot usually be
changed once they have written out.
Usually transient(sementara) unless
recorded.
Can communicate across time & space
as long as the particular language &
writing system is still understood.
Usually used for immediate interactions.
Tends to be more complex & intricate. Tends to be full of repetitions, incomplete
sentences, corrections & interruptions.
No immediate feedback from the
readers.
Usually is a dynamic interaction between
two or more people.
Writers can make use of punctuation,
headings, layout, colours & other
graphical effects.
Can use timing, tone, volume & timbre to
add emotional context.







Source :
Differences between Writing and Speech. Retrieved January 10, 2014, from
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/writingvspeech.htm
Speech and Writing. Retrieved January 10, 2014, from
http://langs.eserver.org/linell/chapter02.html