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A GENERIC MODEL FOR

LEAD-ACID AND LITHIUM-ION
BATTERIES
Authors: Junbo Jing, Pardis Khayyer, Umit Ozguner, David Schoenwald
Presenter: Junbo Jing
PhD student
Control and Intelligent Transportation
Research Lab
Supported by Sandia National Laboratories
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Lmerglng ower Clrd Servlces
1. Unified power quality conditioners [1]
Serve intermittent energy sources by smoothing power
generation
Use lead-acid batteries
2. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) [2]
Electric vehicles are charged by the grid, and serve the grid
when possible
Use lithium-ion batteries
BATTERY RELATED
POWER GRID SERVICES
A generic model for lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries
is developed in this research to reduce model complexity.
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1. Parasitic branch in the lead-acid battery model [5]:
Structural differences:
2. Resistance R2 in the lead-acid battery model [5]:
0
0
exp 1
PN
p PN p p
p f
V
I V G A
V
!
!
" #
" #
= + $ % &
% &
% &
% &
' (
' (
( )
21
2 20
22
*
exp 1
1 exp
m
A SOC
R R
A I
I
! " #
$ %
=
& '
+
( )
* +
GENERIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
8auery LqulvalenL ClrculL
Lead-acld bauery[3] LlLhlum-lon bauery[4]
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8eslsLance Models

GENERIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
Cenerlc 8auery Model
( )
1 10
ln R R DOC = !
( )
0 00 0
1 1 R R A SOC = + ! " #
$ %
0
R const =
( ) ( )
1
1 exp
c
R a b SOC d e SOC = + ! + ! " # $
% &
CapaclLance Model
LqulvalenL ClrculL
1
1
C
R
!
=
Lead-acid battery [5]


Lithium-ion battery [6]

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Lead-acld bauery [3] LlLhlum-lon bauery [7]
Cpen ClrculL volLage (CCv) Model
( )( )
0
273 1
oc oc E
V V K SOC ! = " + "
( )
1
0
1 1
SOC
SOC
oc oc
V V e SOC e
!
"
# $ %
&
&
&
' (
= + & + + &
) *
+ ,
Cenerlc CCv Model
( )
( )
( )
1
0
1 1 1
SOC
SOC
oc oc c
V V k e SOC e
!
"
# $ % &
'
' '
( )
* +
= ' + ' + + '
, - . /
, -
0 1
2 3
SCC lnuence on bauery's CCv [7]
Lead-acld bauery [3]
8auery 1emperaLure Model
LlLhlum-lon bauery [8]
( )
0
0
a
s
t
P
R
t d
C
!
!
! !
! ! "
#
#
= +
$
( )
2
2
2 0 s m m p
P I R I I R = + +
( ) ( )
oc
p oc batt a
V d
mC I V V I hA
dt
!
! ! !
!
"#
= $ + $ $
"
GENERIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
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Cenerlc CapaclLy Model
GENERIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
8auery CapaclLy Model
( )
( ) ( )
0
,
C
C I
I
!
" # !
=
( )
3 2
I a I b I c I d
! ! ! !
! = + + +
( )
a b
! !
! " " = +
( )
1
,
e
Q
SOC
C I !
= "
( )
1
,
e
avg
Q
DOC
C I !
= "
( )
( )
0
0
3600
t
m
e e
I
Q t Q d
!
! = + "
#
Charge SLaLe Lsumauon [3]
1
m
avg
I
I
s !
=
+
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GENERIC MODEL SIMULATION
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Battery Temperature Profiles
Full Charge Cool Down Full Discharge
GENERIC MODEL SIMULATION
Cenerlc bauery's LemperaLure prole
as a lead-acld bauery
Cenerlc bauery's LemperaLure prole
as a llLhlum-lon bauery
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Battery Terminal Voltage Profiles

GENERIC MODEL SIMULATION
Cenerlc bauery's Lermlnal volLages when
dlscharglng as a lead-acld bauery
Cenerlc bauery's Lermlnal volLages when
dlscharglng as a llLhlum-lon bauery
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Battery Equivalent Resistance Profiles

GENERIC MODEL SIMULATION
Cenerlc bauery's equlvalenL reslsLance
as a lead-acld bauery
Cenerlc bauery's equlvalenL reslsLance
as a llLhlum-lon bauery
oc batt
eq
V V
R
I
!
=
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References:
[1] SudlpLa ChakraborLy, Mano[a u Welss, and Marcelo Codoy Slmoes. ulsLrlbuLed lnLelllgenL
energy managemenL sysLem for a slngle-phase hlgh-frequency ac mlcrogrld. lndusLrlal
LlecLronlcs, lLLL 1ransacuons on, 34(1):97-109, 2007.
[2] l8 lslam, P8 oLa, Adnan Anwar, and A8M naslruzzaman. ueslgn a unled power quallLy
condluoner uslng v2g Lechnology. ln ower Lnglneerlng and Cpumlzauon Conference
(LCCC), 2012 lLLL lnLernauonal, pages 321-326. lLLL, 2012.
[3] 8obyn A !ackey. A slmple, eecuve lead-acld bauery modellng process for elecLrlcal sysLem
componenL selecuon. SAL aper, pages 01-0778, 2007.
[4] 8or ?ann Llaw, Canesan nagasubramanlan, 8udolph C !ungsL, and uanlel P uoughLy.
Modellng of llLhlum lon cells - a slmple equlvalenLclrculL model approach. Solld SLaLe lonlcs,
173(1):833-839, 2004.
[3] Masslmo Ceraolo. new dynamlcal models of lead-acld bauerles. ower SysLems, lLLL
1ransacuons on, 13(4):1184-1190, 2000.
[6] 8or ?ann Llaw, 8udolph C !ungsL, Canesan nagasubramanlan, PerberL L Case, and uanlel P
uoughLy. Modellng capaclLy fade ln llLhlum-lon cells. !ournal of ower Sources, 140(1):137-
161, 2003.
[7]?lran Pu and SLephen ?urkovlch. 8auery sLaLe of charge esumauon ln auLomouve
appllcauons uslng lpv Lechnlques. ln Amerlcan ConLrol Conference (ACC), 2010, pages 3043-
3049. lLLL, 2010.
[8] x leng, P8 Cool, and Sx Chen. An lmproved llLhlum-lon bauery model wlLh LemperaLure
predlcuon conslderlng enLropy. ln lnnovauve SmarL Crld 1echnologles (lSC1 Lurope), 2012
3rd lLLL LS lnLernauonal Conference and Lxhlbluon on, pages 1-8. lLLL, 2012.


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