1.

Explain briefly the methods of swissing calendaring and friction calendaring

SWIZZING C!EN"E#S
Swizzing is a British term used to denote that the fabric runs through all of the nips at
the same surface speed as the rolls.
A Swizzing calender usually consists of seven to ten bowls and is run at ambient
temperatures.
$he fabric effect is closed interstices% a smooth appearance and gloss witho&t the high
gla'e characteristic of a friction calender.
Hot roller- More lusture and smoothness
7 - losed-grained iron bowl
! - ompressed cotton bowl
" - Highly polished# chilled iron# steam $ heated bowl
% - ompressed cotton bowl
& - ompressed cotton bowl
' - Highly polished# chilled iron# steam $ heated bowl
( - ompressed cotton bowl
(riction calendaring
) *sually a three roll process
$ A central cotton fabric or paper roll is sandwiched between two metal rolls which
are turned at very fast speeds as compared to the cotton roll.
$ +he fabric to be calendered is laced between the metal rolls and the cotton roll#
and the surface of this cloth is brought to a very highly polished state.
) Starches and wa,es give a temporary glaze# while durable glazes are generated from
fabrics treated with resins
) -t.s produces high degree of lusture on one side of the fabric and also closing up the
interlacing threads
) +hird roll $ /olished chilled iron bowl with steam and surface speed is double that of the
fabric and those lower two bowl. Speed variation b0w first and third rolls is one and half
time higher than lowest bowl.
) 1riction effect is e,erted on the fabric due to different speed level of bowl
Speed $ &2m0mins for friction# !2m0mins for without fiction. 7bowl roller runs at 32m0mins#
light finish $ (&2-'&2m0mins

). Write short notes on chasing calender% schreiner calender and embossing calendar
C*SING C!EN"E#
+he cotton fabric passes normally through the nips of a 7-bowl calender# then chasing
rollers. +he cloth is then fed again into the cotton nip of the calender.
hasing gives the cloth a thready $linen appearance and a special handle
WI$* W$E# +NG!E
*nder high pressure# threads are well flattened and the spaces b0w them are closed
4ifferent effects comes from different bowl
Hollow# steam-heated chilled iron rolls provide hard surface --- 5usture produced
+wo cotton rolls in contact with each other 6nip7 $ 1lat# Soft effect

SC*#EINE# C!EN"E#
+he schreiner finish can be imparted to te,tile fabric by means of schreiner calender
,&rpose
-t.s gives sil8-li8e brilliance to cotton fabric.
-t.s gives the nearest possible resemblance to sil8 when produced on mercerized
fabric
-ses
otton linings# sateen and printed fabric
+echanism
+he sil8 li8e finish due to the fine lines engraved on the steel roller of the schreiner
calender
5ines $ " to '2 lines0mm
5ines are at small angle with respect to the direction of the warp and weft threads in
the fabric.
9eft sateen $ angle of about '2: to the weft and in directions of the twist.
/lain weave $ course line 6 !-70mm7
.owl
4ia $ 7." cm for both bowl
+op bowl $ Special# 1ine grained steel and gas heated from the inside
9ide $ &'" cm
/ressure $ up to (%2 tonnes

E+./SSING C!EN"E#
*sually a two roll special calender. *ses a heated metal roll with an engraved pattern
surface and a paper roll with the ;negative; of the pattern on the metal or without a
pattern.
1abric is passed between these two rolls and the pattern is set into the fabric by heat and
pressure. +hermoplastic fibers can be set by heat. otton fabrics must have a resin finish
to give a durable effect.
+o produce a damas8 effect on cotton fabric but the effect is temporary