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Etat dquilibre dun systme chimique
. Qr '() , I
  
   "!         
. Qr $  %" '
. 12 4 67 89: 
  <) 1
:   !  , $-./"   0123 
  %4!"

aA(aq) + bB(aq) cC(aq) + dD(aq)


 4/ G ! d c b a .  D  ,. D C B A C " B
. %  
< FG=1 @HF 6<=( 1) 6<=> : '()1 @9 )(' , @BC
: IJB1 K
  7 =B
c

C . D
Qr = a b
A .B

 >: mol/l Z= @FB4 X = 7 >7B(  > T )@U9C 2 WB' XC [ X]
[ X]   X f `4  X i W1 <] 2 K _ KC . 
7 =B
.  b =d B

1 >9Fb _C@
S2O32-(aq) %4 3    ". I2(aq)   /H I, ' %4!"

I2 (aq) + 2S 2 O23 (aq) 2I (aq) + S 4 O26 (aq) :  !  '


:  ,.  C " B %3 C3 t D 

I2 = 1, 0.10 3 mol /
S 2 O23 = 2, 0.10 3 mol /
I = 5, 0.10 2 mol /
S 4 O26 = 2,0.104 mol /
(1) %_4  /     , %  `  '
   , %  t D  / '    ,. C " B 0: %_4  / 
2

I . S 4 O26
Qr =
= 125
2
2

I
.
S
O
2 2 3
. ! , '  I %4!
2 >9Fb _C@
:    !  , $-./" e "fg h I, ' %4!"

CH3COOH(aq) + H2 O ( ) CH3COO (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

.(1) %_4  /    , %   ' %4!3 j 1

CH3COO . H3O+
Qr =
CH3COOH
: t D "
  2
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CH3COO = H3O + = 1,2.10 4 mol /


t
t
CH3COOHt = 9, 6.10 4 mol /
`  . '  t D

Qr = 1,5.10 5
: f <7   . ' 4. ' G  %o p '  ! n ! , 1!%4
 I ' ,  .
2 
  <)  67Gi . F7g
"! '3 %4  D / " q, ' ` Ag+(aq) 1 !    :

)Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) Cu2+ (aq) + 2Ag(s



  w13 o" C "
 %x. 4D  -
  w13 t 
   I I / IC . Ag I, Cu e . ' Ag ID . Cu
%3
 w {%! %x `D . "! ! , $y   1 '  / t D C   ,
 ' :
+

2+

Cu2+
= Qr
2
Ag+
Jbg , >: ',W) l : )(' l)@ T  ( 4k 7B  K21
@3 >9Fb _C
1 ` !p `%3 D ' AgCl 1%4 ' Ag2SO4 1 !  ,  ' '1
. Ag3PO4
2   j    %4!3 ' .
3 , )(' =  W)
1 : pC@B
"  '  /  Qr.eq   .q  '  C3  / 
 
     .
 {3  / 
       43 %   '! D2 D "B C
 .o " C 
  G ,H  I3 IC /! [X]eq  .q3 %, Gf 'D2
   D )  ( D
r4 
@, I WCW< : >FC )(' 91  . 7g
-3
" D % 
D V w h S%3 e "fg  
/ C=1,0.10 mol/l

 D  D  25C / . = 5, 2mS.m1 :


1      %   '! " D C .. ,
"!  / - % : 25C

H O+ = 35,0mS.m2 .mol1
3

CH COO = 4, 09mS.m2 .mol1


3

2   / ' / Qr ,q  .

II )1d) @9 <)1 4 > .


' ), I v7B )('   >:
  <1 WF
r4 
@ @dw : 2 >FC< , 67 WF )('  >:) .
"    h   D e "fg %3  / 'D2 - % 25C"
 /
   :

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C(mol/l)
1,0.10-2
5,0.10-3
2,0.10-3
1,0.10-3
-3
-3
-3
-1
16,2.10
11,4.10
6,9.10
4,9.10-3
(S.m )
  /   / D  "  B " B    %  1
. D C 4/ ,   / Qr,q '
: !"

H O+ = 35,0mS.m2 .mol1
3

CH COO = 4, 09mS.m2 .mol1


3

 /" 2
: gJ,
WF < x4 C) 1d ) W= '() , KC =B  @i W=
.  
7
) ) 1d pC@B 1
K ) ) 1d 6G ; Qr,q I ) W= '() , 2,wC _B '() FG=1
.  <@iW1 l v7B)l
: B1 2= > 7< >: '() FG=1 ) ) 1d })K

aA(aq) + bB(aq) cC(aq) + dD(aq)


K = Qr ,q =

C q .D q
A q .B q

: >)' Kr 67

.  , !,   ,H I %4! :  D


>7) ) )< 1d 2
% -   !   / 4% 3   ' %3 C  / D ' %4!"
. (K>104) - %4 K C3 "/
. D{  !  %'/ o !"   .
: >7' : _ ~ iW` 7 (' : X

HC (g) + H2 O( ) C (aq) + H3 O + (aq)


@HF @ 6<=> : ) ) 1d 3
: (2) ( 1) I/   H I.D ID' %4!"

aA(aq) + bB(aq) cC(aq) + dD(aq)

K1

cC(aq) + dD(aq) aA(aq) + bB(aq)

K2

:   / '  %4!3 ' 3 C 4/ ,   ,H %4!3 C   /

K 1 = Qr1,q =

K 2 = Qr2 ,q =

C q . D q
A q . B q
A q . B q
C q . Dq

K1 =

1
:  /" IG! I
K2

3 >9Fb _C@
1' D ,' 3 /, . K1=5,5.10  $" 3 ,H n 1' D` %3 '3 %4!"
. K2=1,8.10-10 $" 3 ,H  
10

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1 ` %3 "B Ag+ " B Cl-  -    D .


2  /3
'   /  %_4 '3  /, . D  %x /  %_4 , D
'  1   - '3 .

III   8@d  FG4 67)W9 =`>


1  @dw<  FG4 67 WF)W9 =`> .
r4 
@3 >FC
"   D h   !, e "fg %3 , 'D2    D"{
 D
   :
-2
-3
-3
)C(mol/l
1,0.10
5,0.10
2,0.10
1,0.10-3
-3
-3
-3
-1
16,2.10
11,4.10
6,9.10
4,9.10-3
) (S.m
1 ` " 4     C 4/ , o/
2  /3
: gJ,
) FG4 I v7B)W9 =`> <1 7K:  
7 WF x4)@@g T
 FG4 x4)W9 =`> @F .
2  )1d @dw)  FG4 67)W9 =`> .
 ,H IC3  4" 0 3 I C   ' o/
r4 
@9 : 4 >FC FG4 4)W9 =`> )(. _7
" '" o I1 I D .q % . C=1,0.10-2mol/l
 D D S1  h e "fg  D D S2  h " . e
,H  '  h 0 e "fg  K1=1,6.10-5 :
,H  '  h  0 e "f  . K2=1,6.10-4 :
"   D  S1 I D : 43 
/ S2

1 = 153S.cm 1 2 = 510S.cm1
1   %   '! " D C " B  -   I  S1 I D S2
2  " 4   '3 C o/

H O+ = 35, 0mS.m2 .mol1


3

CH COO = 4, 09mS.m2 .mol1


3

HCOO = 5, 46mS.m2 .mol1


: gJ,
7 )1d x4) @F  FG4 x4)W9 =`> @(. B

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