The main difference between GPS and GLONASS is that in GLONASS each satelilite

has its own frequencies but the same code whereas in GPS als satellites use the same
frequencies but have different codes. GLONASS uses what is called a frequency
devision multiple access method (FDMA) whereas GPS and Galileo uses a code
devision multiple access technique (CDMA)

All signals transmitted by the satellite are derived from the fundamental frequency
(f0) of the satellite oscillator. Each satellite transmits on a different frequency using
originally a 25-channel frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technique
spanning from 1602.5625 MHz to 1615.5 MHz, known as the L1 band. The equation
to calculate the exact center frequency is 1602 MHz + n 0.5625 MHz, where n is a
satellite's frequency channel number (n=0,1,2,...24). On the L2 band, between 1240
MHz and 1260 MHz, the center frequency is determined by the equation 1246 MHz +
n 0.4375 MHz.
The GLONASS transmissions in the band 1610.6 - 1613.8 MHz degraded radio
astronomical observations dramatically in the years since the launch of the first
GLONASS satellites. With the full GLONASS constellation the band 1610.6 - 1613.8
MHz would be closed for any radio astronomical research. In the fall of 1992 the
Radio Astronomy Service made dedicated observations in full collaboration of the
GLONASS administration in a world-wide campaign to test this interference.
Negotiations between IUCAF and the GLONASS administration led in November
1993 to an agreed step-by-step plan to clear the band 1610.6-1613.8 MHz of
interference by GLONASS. This agreement became model for agreements between
the administration of the Russian Federation and those of other countries. According
to this agreement GLONASS satellites launched after 2005 will use channels n=-7 to
+6, with channels +5 and +6 used only for orbital insertion, or during periods of
exceptional circumstances. Satellites will incorporate filters, protecting both the 1660-
1670 MHz and the 1610.6-1613.8 MHz band from out of band emissions to the
required ITU-R RA769.1 limit (as above, -238 dB(Wm-2Hz-1)).