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This document is a Supreme Court of the Philippines decision regarding a dispute over the sale of a parcel of land. United Muslim and Christian Urban Poor Association, Inc. (UMCPUAI) had negotiated with Sea Foods Corporation (SFC) to purchase Lot No. 125, but was unable to secure a loan. The lot was then subdivided and UMCPUAI purchased one portion but not another, which was eventually sold to Bryc-V Development Corporation. UMCPUAI sued to annul this sale, arguing it had a prior right to purchase based on a Letter of Intent with SFC. Both lower courts dismissed the case, finding the Letter of Intent was not a valid and subsisting contract but merely facilitated U
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United Muslim and Christian Urban Poor Assoc vs Bryc-V Dev Corp
This document is a Supreme Court of the Philippines decision regarding a dispute over the sale of a parcel of land. United Muslim and Christian Urban Poor Association, Inc. (UMCPUAI) had negotiated with Sea Foods Corporation (SFC) to purchase Lot No. 125, but was unable to secure a loan. The lot was then subdivided and UMCPUAI purchased one portion but not another, which was eventually sold to Bryc-V Development Corporation. UMCPUAI sued to annul this sale, arguing it had a prior right to purchase based on a Letter of Intent with SFC. Both lower courts dismissed the case, finding the Letter of Intent was not a valid and subsisting contract but merely facilitated U
This document is a Supreme Court of the Philippines decision regarding a dispute over the sale of a parcel of land. United Muslim and Christian Urban Poor Association, Inc. (UMCPUAI) had negotiated with Sea Foods Corporation (SFC) to purchase Lot No. 125, but was unable to secure a loan. The lot was then subdivided and UMCPUAI purchased one portion but not another, which was eventually sold to Bryc-V Development Corporation. UMCPUAI sued to annul this sale, arguing it had a prior right to purchase based on a Letter of Intent with SFC. Both lower courts dismissed the case, finding the Letter of Intent was not a valid and subsisting contract but merely facilitated U
represented by its President, MANUEL V. BUEN, Petitioner,
- versus -
BRYC-V DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION represented by its President, BENJAMIN QUIDILLA; and SEA FOODS CORPORATION, represented by its Executive Vice President, VICENTE T. HERNANDEZ, Respondents. G.R. No. 17!"#
T-is petition .or revie/ on certiorari see0s to set #side t-e 1e2ision ) 3)4 o. t-e Court o. Appe#%s 5CA6 in CA G.R. CV No. 7*889 /-i2- #..ir$ed in toto t-e 1e2ision * 3*4 o. t-e Re&ion#% Tri#% Court 5RTC6, :r#n2- )7, Z#$;o#n&# Cit' in Civi% C#se No. <795<8<<6.
T-e .#2ts #re si$p%e.
Respondent Se# =oods Corpor#tion 5S=C6 is t-e re&istered o/ner o. ot No. (++ %o2#ted in o/er C#%#in#n, Z#$;o#n&# Cit' #nd 2overed ;' Tr#ns.er Certi.i2#te o. Tit%e 5TCT6 No. ()>* 5T-8976.
So$eti$e in ),,), petitioner "nited ?us%i$ #nd C-risti#n "r;#n Poor Asso2i#tion, In2. 5"?C"PAI6, #n or&#ni@#tion o. sAu#tters o22up'in& ot No. (++, t-rou&- its President, C#r$en T. 1io%#, initi#ted ne&oti#tions /it- S=C .or t-e pur2-#se t-ereo.. "?C"PAI eBpressed its intention to ;u' t-e su;Ce2t propert' usin& t-e pro2eeds o. its pendin& %o#n #pp%i2#tion /it- N#tion#% Ho$e ?ort&#&e =in#n2e Corpor#tion 5NH?=6. T-ere#.ter, t-e p#rties eBe2uted # etter o. Intent to Se%% ;' 3S=C4 #nd etter o. Intent to Pur2-#se ;' "?C"PAI, providin&, in pertinent p#rt:
DHEREAS, 3S=C4 is t-e re&istered o/ner o. # p#r2e% 3o.4 %#nd desi&n#ted #s ot No. (++ situ#ted in o/er C#%#ri#n, Z#$;o#n&# Cit', 2onsistin& o. 7),9(7 sAu#re $eters, #nd $ore p#rti2u%#r%' des2ri;ed in Tr#ns.er Certi.i2#te o. Tit%e No. 897 o. t-e Re&istr' o. 1eeds o. Z#$;o#n&# Cit'E
DHEREAS, in pursu#n2e to t-e ne&oti#tions ;et/een 3S=C4 #nd "?C"PAI, t-e %#tter -#s t#0en steps /it- t-e proper &overn$ent #ut-orities p#rti2u%#r%' t-e ?#'or o. Z#$;o#n&# Cit' #nd its Cit' Housin& :o#rd /-i2- /i%% #2t #s GOri&in#torH in t-e #2Auisition o. s#id propert' /-i2- /i%% en#;%e "?C"PAI to #v#i% o. its Co$$unit' ?ort&#&e Pro&r#$E
DHEREAS, it #ppe#rs t-#t "?C"PAI /i%% u%ti$#te%' #pp%' /it- t-e Ho$e ?ort&#&e #nd =in#n2e Corpor#tion .or # %o#n to p#' t-e #2Auisition pri2e o. s#id %#ndE
DHEREAS, #s one o. t-e steps reAuired ;' t-e &overn$ent #ut-orities to initi#te pro2eedin&s is to re2eive # .or$#% $#ni.est#tion o. Intent to Se%% .ro$ 3S=C4E
NOD, THERE=ORE, .or #nd in 2onsider#tion o. t-e .ore&oin& pre$ises, t-e p#rties -ereto #&ree #s .o%%o/s:
). 3S=C4 eBpress%' de2%#res its intention to se%% ot No. (++ /it- #n #re# o. 7),9(7 sAu#re $eters situ#ted in o/er C#%#ri#n, Z#$;o#n&# Cit' #nd 2overed ;' TCT No. 897 o. t-e Re&istr' o. 1eeds o. Z#$;o#n&# Cit' to "?C"PAI #t t-e pri2e o. P)+8.++ per sAu#re $eter, .ree .ro$ #%% %iens, 2-#r&es #nd en2u$;r#n2esE
*. T-#t "?C"PAI -ere;' eBpress%' de2%#res its intention to ;u' t-e #.ores#id propert' #nd s-#%% ende#vor to r#ise t-e ne2ess#r' .unds to #2Auire s#$e #t t-e #;ove$entioned pri2e o. P)+8.++ per sAu#re $eterE
(. T-#t t-e A;so%ute 1eed o. S#%e s-#%% ;e eBe2uted, si&ned #nd de%ivered to&et-er /it- t-e tit%e #nd #%% ot-er pertinent do2u$ents upon .u%% p#'$ent o. t-e pur2-#se pri2eE
Ho/ever, t-e intended s#%e /#s der#i%ed due to "?C"PAIIs in#;i%it' to se2ure t-e %o#n .ro$ NH?= #s not #%% its $e$;ers o22up'in& ot No. (++ /ere /i%%in& to Coin t-e undert#0in&. Intent on ;u'in& t-e su;Ce2t propert', "?C"PAI, in # series o. 2on.eren2es /it- S=C, proposed t-e su;division o. ot No. (++ to #%%o/ t-e sAu#tter-o22up#nts to pur2-#se # s$#%%er portion t-ereo..
ConseAuent%', so$eti$e in 1e2e$;er ),,<, ot No. (++ /#s su;divided into t-ree 5(6 p#rts 2overed ;' sep#r#te tit%es: 3
). ot No. (++-A /it- #n #re# o. <),<7+ sAu#re $eters under TCT No. T-))9,<<>E
*. ot No. (++-: /it- #n #re# o. ),<+8 sAu#re $eters under TCT No. T-))9,<<,E #nd
(. ot No. (++-C /it- #n #re# o. )>,>9* sAu#re $eters under TCT No. T-))9,<8+.
On !#nu#r' )), ),,8, "?C"PAI pur2-#sed ot No. (++-A .or P<,(8+,>+).8>. In turn, ot No. (++-: /#s 2onstituted #s ro#d ri&-t o. /#' #nd don#ted ;' S=C to t-e %o2#% &overn$ent.
"?C"PAI .#i%ed to #2Auire ot No. (++-C .or %#20 o. .unds. On ?#r2- 8, ),,8, "?C"PAI ne&oti#ted #ne/ /it- S=C #nd /#s &iven ;' t-e %#tter #not-er t-ree $ont-s to pur2-#se ot No. (++-C. Ho/ever, despite t-e eBtension, t-e t-ree-$ont- period %#psed /it- t-e s#%e not 2onsu$$#ted ;e2#use "?C"PAI sti%% .#i%ed to o;t#in # %o#n .ro$ NH?=. T-us, on !u%' *+, ),,8, S=C so%d ot No. (++-C .or P*,8<9,8>8.++ to respondent :RYC-V 1eve%op$ent Corpor#tion 5:RYC6.
A 'e#r %#ter, "?C"PAI .i%ed /it- t-e RTC # 2o$p%#int #&#inst respondents S=C #nd :RYC see0in& to #nnu% t-e s#%e o. ot No. (++-C, #nd t-e 2#n2e%%#tion o. TCT No. T-)*),8*(. "?C"PAI #%%e&ed t-#t t-e s#%e ;et/een t-e respondents vio%#ted its v#%id #nd su;sistin& #&ree$ent /it- S=C e$;odied in t-e etter o. Intent. A22ordin& to "?C"PAI, t-e etter o. Intent &r#nted it # prior, ;etter, #nd pre.erred ri&-t over :RYC in t-e pur2-#se o. ot No. (++- C.
In re.ut#tion, :RYC s#id t-#t "?C"PAIIs 2o$p%#int did not st#te # 2#use o. #2tion sin2e "?C"PAI -#d uneAuivo2#%%' re2o&ni@ed its o/ners-ip o. ot No. (++-C /-en "?C"PAI %i0e/ise sent :RYC # etter o. Intent d#ted Au&ust )>, ),,8 i$p%orin& :RYC to re-se%% t-e su;Ce2t %ot.
In # sep#r#te Ans/er, S=C 2ountered t-#t t-e etter o. Intent d#ted O2to;er <, ),,) is not, #nd 2#nnot ;e 2onsidered, # v#%id #nd su;sistin& 2ontr#2t o. s#%e. On t-e 2ontr#r', S=C #verred t-#t t-e do2u$ent /#s dr#/n #nd eBe2uted $ere%' to #22o$$od#te "?C"PAI #nd en#;%e it to 2o$p%' /it- t-e %o#n do2u$ent#tion reAuire$ents o. NH?=. In #%%, S=C $#int#ined t-#t t-e etter o. Intent d#ted O2to;er <, ),,) /#s su;Ce2t to # 2ondition i.e., p#'$ent o. t-e #2Auisition pri2e, /-i2- "?C"PAI .#i%ed to do /-en it did not o;t#in t-e %o#n .ro$ NH?=.
A.ter tri#%, t-e RTC dis$issed "?C"PAIIs 2o$p%#int. T-e %o/er 2ourt .ound t-#t t-e etter o. Intent /#s eBe2uted to .#2i%it#te t-e #pprov#% o. "?C"PAIIs %o#n .ro$ NH?= .or its intended pur2-#se o. ot No. (++. A22ordin& to t-e RTC, t-e etter o. Intent /#s si$p%' S=CIs de2%#r#tion o. intention to se%%, #nd not # pro$ise to se%%, t-e su;Ce2t %ot. On t-e /-o%e, t-e RTC 2on2%uded t-#t t-e etter o. Intent /#s neit-er # pro$ise, nor #n option 2ontr#2t, nor #n o..er 2onte$p%#ted under Arti2%e )(), o. t-e Civi% Code, or # ;i%#ter#% 2ontr#2t to se%% #nd ;u'.
As previous%' #dverted to, t-e CA, on #ppe#%, #..ir$ed in toto t-e RTCIs ru%in&.
IS THE ETTER O= INTENT TO SE AN1 ETTER O= INTENT TO :"Y A :IATERA RECIPROCA CONTRACT DITHIN THE ?EANING OR CONTE?PATION O= ARTICE )<9,, =IRST PARAGRAPH, CIVI CO1E O= THE PHIIPPINESJ < 3<4
De%%-entren2-ed in Curispruden2e is t-e ru%e t-#t .#2tu#% .indin&s o. t-e tri#% 2ourt, espe2i#%%' /-en #..ir$ed ;' t-e #ppe%%#te 2ourt, #re #22orded t-e -i&-est de&ree o. respe2t #nd #re 2onsidered 2on2%usive ;et/een t-e p#rties. 8 384 A revie/ o. su2- .indin&s ;' t-is Court is not /#rr#nted eB2ept upon # s-o/in& o. -i&-%' $eritorious 2ir2u$st#n2es, su2- #s: 5)6 /-en t-e .indin&s o. # tri#% 2ourt #re &rounded entire%' on spe2u%#tion, sur$ises or 2onCe2turesE 5*6 /-en # %o/er 2ourtIs in.eren2e .ro$ its .#2tu#% .indin&s is $#ni.est%' $ist#0en, #;surd or i$possi;%eE 5(6 /-en t-ere is &r#ve #;use o. dis2retion in t-e #ppre2i#tion o. .#2tsE 5<6 /-en t-e .indin&s o. t-e #ppe%%#te 2ourt &o ;e'ond t-e issues o. t-e 2#se, or .#i% to noti2e 2ert#in re%ev#nt .#2ts /-i2-, i. proper%' 2onsidered, /ou%d Custi.' # di..erent 2on2%usionE 586 /-en t-ere is # $is#ppre2i#tion o. .#2tsE 576 /-en t-e .indin&s o. .#2t #re 2on2%usions /it-out $ention o. t-e spe2i.i2 eviden2e on /-i2- t-e' #re ;#sed, or #re pre$ised on t-e #;sen2e o. eviden2e, or #re 2ontr#di2ted ;' eviden2e on re2ord. 7 374 None o. t-e .ore&oin& eB2eptions ne2essit#tin& # revers#% o. t-e #ss#i%ed de2ision o;t#in in t-is inst#n2e.
4 5 6 "?C"PAI is #d#$#nt, -o/ever, t-#t t-e CA erred /-en it #pp%ied t-e se2ond p#r#&r#p- o. Arti2%e )<9, o. t-e Civi% Code inste#d o. t-e .irst p#r#&r#p- t-ereo.. "?C"PAI ur&es us t-#t t-e .irst p#r#&r#p- o. Arti2%e )<9, 2onte$p%#tes # ;i%#ter#% re2ipro2#% 2ontr#2t /-i2- is ;indin& on t-e p#rties. Yet, "?C"PAI is 2#re.u% not to desi&n#te t-e etter o. Intent #s # Contr#2t to Se%%. "?C"PAI si$p%' insists t-#t t-e etter o. Intent is not # uni%#ter#% pro$ise to se%% or ;u' /-i2- -#s to ;e supported ;' # 2onsider#tion distin2t .ro$ t-e pri2e .or it to ;e ;indin& on t-e pro$issor. In s-ort, "?C"PAI 2%#i$s t-#t t-e etter o. Intent did not $ere%' &r#nt t-e p#rties t-e option to respe2tive%' se%% or ;u' t-e su;Ce2t propert'. A%t-ou&- not st#ted p%#in%', "?C"PAI 2%#i$s t-#t t-e etter o. Intent is eAuiv#%ent to # 2ondition#% 2ontr#2t o. s#%e su;Ce2t on%' to t-e suspensive 2ondition o. p#'$ent o. t-e pur2-#se pri2e.
"?C"PAI #ppe#rs to %#;or under # 2%oud o. 2on.usion. T-e .irst p#r#&r#p- o. Arti2%e )<9, 2onte$p%#tes t-e ;i%#ter#% re%#tions-ip o. # 2ontr#2t to se%% #s distin&uis-ed .ro$ # 2ontr#2t o. s#%e /-i2- $#' ;e #;so%ute or 2ondition#% under Arti2%e )<8> 9 394 o. t-e s#$e 2ode. It re#ds:
Art. )<9,. A pro$ise to ;u' #nd se%% # deter$in#te t-in& .or # pri2e 2ert#in is re2ipro2#%%' de$#nd#;%e.
An #22epted uni%#ter#% pro$ise to ;u' or to se%% # deter$in#te t-in& .or # pri2e 2ert#in is ;indin& upon t-e pro$issor i. t-e pro$ise is supported ;' # 2onsider#tion distin2t .ro$ t-e pri2e.
T-e 2#se o. Coronel v. Court of Appeals > 3>4 is i%%u$in#tin& #nd eBp%#ins t-e distin2tion ;et/een # 2ondition#% 2ontr#2t o. s#%e under Arti2%e )<8> o. t-e Civi% Code #nd # ;i%#ter#% 2ontr#2t to se%% under Arti2%e )<9, o. t-e s#$e 2ode:
7 8 A 2ontr#2t to se%% $#' t-us ;e de.ined #s # ;i%#ter#% 2ontr#2t /-ere;' t-e prospe2tive se%%er, /-i%e eBpress%' reservin& t-e o/ners-ip o. t-e su;Ce2t propert' despite de%iver' t-ereo. to t-e prospe2tive ;u'er, ;inds -i$se%. to se%% t-e s#id propert' eB2%usive%' to t-e prospe2tive ;u'er upon .u%.i%%$ent o. t-e 2ondition #&reed upon, t-#t is, .u%% p#'$ent o. t-e pur2-#se pri2e.
A 2ontr#2t to se%% #s de.ined -erein#;ove, $#' not even ;e 2onsidered #s # 2ondition#% 2ontr#2t o. s#%e /-ere t-e se%%er $#' %i0e/ise reserve tit%e to t-e propert' su;Ce2t o. t-e s#%e unti% t-e .u%.i%%$ent o. # suspensive 2ondition, ;e2#use in # 2ondition#% 2ontr#2t o. s#%e, t-e .irst e%e$ent o. 2onsent is present, #%t-ou&- it is 2onditioned upon t-e -#ppenin& o. # 2ontin&ent event /-i2- $#' or $#' not o22ur. I. t-e suspensive 2ondition is not .u%.i%%ed, t-e per.e2tion o. t-e 2ontr#2t o. s#%e is 2o$p%ete%' #;#ted. Ho/ever, i. t-e suspensive 2ondition is .u%.i%%ed, t-e 2ontr#2t o. s#%e is t-ere;' per.e2ted, su2- t-#t i. t-ere -#d #%re#d' ;een previous de%iver' o. t-e propert' su;Ce2t o. t-e s#%e to t-e ;u'er, o/ners-ip t-ereto #uto$#ti2#%%' tr#ns.ers to t-e ;u'er ;' oper#tion o. %#/ /it-out #n' .urt-er #2t -#vin& to ;e per.or$ed ;' t-e se%%er.
In # 2ontr#2t to se%%, upon t-e .u%.i%%$ent o. t-e suspensive 2ondition /-i2- is t-e .u%% p#'$ent o. t-e pur2-#se pri2e, o/ners-ip /i%% not #uto$#ti2#%%' tr#ns.er to t-e ;u'er #%t-ou&- t-e propert' $#' -#ve ;een previous%' de%ivered to -i$. T-e prospe2tive se%%er sti%% -#s to 2onve' tit%e to t-e prospe2tive ;u'er ;' enterin& into # 2ontr#2t o. #;so%ute s#%e.
It is essenti#% to distin&uis- ;et/een # 2ontr#2t to se%% #nd # 2ondition#% 2ontr#2t o. s#%e spe2i#%%' in 2#ses /-ere t-e su;Ce2t propert' is so%d ;' t-e o/ner not to t-e p#rt' t-e se%%er 2ontr#2ted /it-, ;ut to # t-ird person, #s in t-e 2#se #t ;en2-. In # 2ontr#2t to se%%, t-ere ;ein& no previous s#%e o. t-e propert', # t-ird person ;u'in& su2- propert' despite t-e .u%.i%%$ent o. t-e suspensive 2ondition su2- #s t-e .u%% p#'$ent o. t-e pur2-#se pri2e, .or inst#n2e, 2#nnot ;e dee$ed # ;u'er in ;#d .#it- #nd t-e prospe2tive ;u'er 2#nnot see0 t-e re%ie. o. re2onve'#n2e o. t-e propert'. T-ere is no dou;%e s#%e in su2- 2#se. Tit%e to t-e propert' /i%% tr#ns.er to t-e ;u'er #.ter re&istr#tion ;e2#use t-ere is no de.e2t in t-e o/ner-se%%erIs tit%e per se, ;ut t-e %#tter, o. 2ourse, $#' ;e sued .or d#$#&es ;' t-e intendin& ;u'er.
In # 2ondition#% 2ontr#2t o. s#%e, -o/ever, upon t-e .u%.i%%$ent o. t-e suspensive 2ondition, t-e s#%e ;e2o$es #;so%ute #nd t-is /i%% de.inite%' #..e2t t-e se%%erIs tit%e t-ereto. In .#2t, i. t-ere -#d ;een previous de%iver' o. t-e su;Ce2t propert', t-e se%%erIs o/ners-ip or tit%e to t-e propert' is #uto$#ti2#%%' tr#ns.erred to t-e ;u'er su2- t-#t, t-e se%%er /i%% no %on&er -#ve #n' tit%e to tr#ns.er to #n' t-ird person. App%'in& Arti2%e )8<< o. t-e Civi% Code, su2- se2ond ;u'er o. t-e propert' /-o $#' -#ve -#d #2tu#% or 2onstru2tive 0no/%ed&e o. su2- de.e2t in t-e se%%erIs tit%e, or #t %e#st /#s 2-#r&ed /it- t-e o;%i&#tion to dis2over su2- de.e2t, 2#nnot ;e # re&istr#nt in &ood .#it-. Su2- se2ond ;u'er 2#nnot de.e#t t-e .irst ;u'erIs tit%e. In 2#se # tit%e is issued to t-e se2ond ;u'er, t-e .irst ;u'er $#' see0 re2onve'#n2e o. t-e propert' su;Ce2t o. t-e s#%e.
In t-e inst#nt 2#se, -o/ever, t-e p#rties eBe2uted # etter o. Intent, /-i2- is neit-er # 2ontr#2t to se%% nor # 2ondition#% 2ontr#2t o. s#%e. As .ound ;' t-e RTC, #nd up-e%d ;' t-e CA, t-e etter o. Intent /#s eBe2uted to #22o$$od#te "?C"PAI #nd .#2i%it#te its %o#n #pp%i2#tion /it- NH?=. T-e < t- #nd 8 t- p#r#&r#p-s o. t-e re2it#%s 5/-ere#s 2%#uses6 spe2i.i2#%%' provide:
DHEREAS, it #ppe#rs t-#t "?C"PAI /i%% u%ti$#te%' #pp%' /it- t-e Ho$e ?ort&#&e #nd =in#n2e Corpor#tion .or # %o#n to p#' t-e #2Auisition pri2e o. s#id %#ndE
DHEREAS, #s one o. t-e steps reAuired ;' t-e &overn$ent #ut-orities to initi#te pro2eedin&s is to re2eive # .or$#% $#ni.est#tion o. Intent to Se%% .ro$ 3S=C4.
No/-ere in t-e etter o. Intent does it st#te t-#t S=C re%inAuis-es its tit%e over t-e su;Ce2t propert', su;Ce2t on%' to t-e 2ondition o. 2o$p%ete p#'$ent o. t-e pur2-#se pri2eE nor, #t t-e %e#st, t-#t S=C, #%t-ou&- eBpress%' ret#inin& o/ners-ip t-ereo., ;inds itse%. to se%% t-e propert' eB2%usive%' to "?C"PAI. T-e etter o. Intent to :u' #nd Se%% is Cust t-#t K # $#ni.est#tion o. S=CIs intention to se%% t-e propert' #nd "?C"PAIIs intention to #2Auire t-e s#$e. T-is is Auite o;vious .ro$ t-e re.eren2e to t-e eBe2ution o. #n A;so%ute 1eed o. S#%e in p#r#&r#p- t-ree , 3,4 o. t-e etter o. Intent.
As t-e CA did, /e Auote /it- .#vor t-e RTCIs disAuisition:
T-e 1e2ision in t-is 2#se -in&es on t-e %e&#% interpret#tion o. t-e A&ree$ent entered into ;' S=C #nd "?C"PAI deno$in#ted #s Getter o. Intent to Se%% ;' #ndo/ner #nd etter o. Intent to Pur2-#se ;' "nited ?us%i$ #nd C-risti#n "r;#n Poor Asso2i#tion, In2.H
:%#20Is #/ 1i2tion#r' s#'s t-#t # etter o. Intent is 2usto$#ri%' e$p%o'ed to redu2e to /ritin& # pre%i$in#r' underst#ndin& o. p#rties /-o intend to enter into 2ontr#2t. It is # p-r#se ordin#ri%' used to denote # ;rie. $e$or#ndu$ o. t-e pre%i$in#r' underst#ndin& o. p#rties /-o intend to enter into # 2ontr#2t. It is # /ritten st#te$ent eBpressin& t-e intention o. t-e p#rties to enter into # .or$#% #&ree$ent espe2i#%%' # ;usiness #rr#n&e$ent or tr#ns#2tion.
In t-eir A&ree$ent, S=C eBpress%' de2%#red its GintentionH to se%% #nd "?C"PAI eBpress%' de2%#red its GintentionH to ;u' su;Ce2t propert'. An intention is # $ere ide#, &o#%, or p%#n. It si$p%' si&ni.ies # 2ourse o. #2tion t-#t one proposes to .o%%o/. It si$p%' indi2#tes /-#t one proposes to do or #22o$p%is-. A $ere GintentionH 2#nnot &ive rise to #n o;%i&#tion to &ive, to do or not to do 5Arti2%e ))87, Civi% Code6. One 2#nnot ;e ;ound ;' /-#t -e proposes or p%#ns to do or #22o$p%is-. A etter o. Intent is not # 2ontr#2t ;et/een t-e p#rties t-ereto ;e2#use it does not ;ind one p#rt', /it- respe2t to t-e ot-er, to &ive so$et-in&, or to render so$e servi2e 5Art. )(+8, Civi% Code6.
B B B B B B B B B
9 T-e etter o. IntentLA&ree$ent ;et/een S=C #nd "?C"PAI is $ere%' # /ritten pre%i$in#r' underst#ndin& o. t-e p#rties /-erein t-e' de2%#red t-eir intention to enter into # 2ontr#2t o. s#%e. It is su;Ce2t to t-e 2ondition t-#t "?C"PAI /i%% G#pp%' /it- t-e Ho$e ?ort&#&e #nd =in#n2e Corpor#tion .or # %o#n to p#' t-e #2Auisition pri2e o. s#id %#nd.H One o. t-e reAuire$ents .or su2- %o#n is G# .or$#% $#ni.est#tion o. Intent to Se%%H .ro$ S=C. T-us, t-e etter o. Intent to Se%% .e%% s-ort o. #n Go..erH 2onte$p%#ted in Arti2%e )(), o. t-e Civi% Code ;e2#use it is not # 2ert#in #nd de.inite propos#% to $#0e # 2ontr#2t ;ut $ere%' # de2%#r#tion o. S=CIs intention to enter into # 2ontr#2t. "?C"PAIIs de2%#r#tion o. intention to ;u' is #%so not 2ert#in #nd de.inite #s it is su;Ce2t to t-e 2ondition t-#t "?C"PAI s-#%% ende#vor to r#ise .unds to #2Auire su;Ce2t %#nd. T-e #22ept#n2e o. t-e o..er $ust ;e #;so%uteE it $ust ;e p%#in #nd un2ondition#%. ?oreover, t-e etter o. IntentLA&ree$ent does not 2ont#in # pro$ise or 2o$$it$ent to enter into # 2ontr#2t o. s#%e #s it $ere%' de2%#red t-e intention o. t-e p#rties to enter into # 2ontr#2t o. s#%e upon .u%.i%%$ent o. # 2ondition t-#t "?C"PAI 2ou%d se2ure # %o#n to p#' .or t-e pri2e o. # %#nd.
T-e etter o. IntentLA&ree$ent is not #n Goption 2ontr#2tH ;e2#use #side .ro$ t-e .#2t t-#t it is $ere%' # de2%#r#tion o. intention to se%% #nd to ;u' su;Ce2t to t-e 2ondition t-#t "?C"PAI s-#%% r#ise t-e ne2ess#r' .unds to p#' t-e pri2e o. t-e %#nd, #nd does not 2ont#in # ;indin& pro$ise to se%% #nd ;u', it is not supported ;' # distin2t 2onsider#tion distin2t .ro$ t-e pri2e o. t-e %#nd intended to ;e so%d #nd to ;e ;ou&-t B B B No option /#s &r#nted to "?C"PAI under t-e etter o. IntentLA&ree$ent to ;u' su;Ce2t %#nd to t-e eB2%usion o. #%% ot-ers /it-in # .iBed period nor /#s S=C ;ound under s#id A&ree$ent to Se%% eB2%usive%' to "?C"PAI on%' t-e s#id %#nd /it-in t-e .iBed period.
Neit-er 2#n t-e etter o. IntentLA&ree$ent ;e 2onsidered # ;i%#ter#% re2ipro2#% 2ontr#2t to se%% #nd to ;u' 2onte$p%#ted under Arti2%e )<9, o. t-e Civi% Code /-i2- is re2ipro2#%%' de$#nd#;%e. T-e etter o. IntentLA&ree$ent does not 2ont#in # PRO?ISE to se%% #nd to ;u' su;Ce2t propert'. T-ere /#s no pro$ise or 2o$$it$ent on t-e p#rt o. S=C to se%% su;Ce2t %#nd to "?C"PAI, ;ut $ere%' # de2%#r#tion o. its intention to ;u' t-e %#nd, su;Ce2t to t-e 2ondition t-#t "?C"PAI 2ou%d r#ise t-e ne2ess#r' .unds to #2Auire t-e s#$e #t t-e pri2e o. P)+8.++ per sAu#re $eter B B B
D-i%e "?C"PAI su22eeded in r#isin& .unds to #2Auire # portion o. ot No. (++-A, it .#i%ed to r#ise .unds to p#' .or ot No. (++-C. =ro$ O2to;er <, ),,) /-en t-e etter o. Intent /#s si&ned to !une, ),,8, "?C"PAI -#d #;out t-ree 5(6 'e#rs #nd ei&-t 5>6 $ont-s /it-in /-i2- to pursue its intention to ;u' su;Ce2t %#nd .ro$ S=C. Dit-in t-#t period, "?C"PAI -#d #$p%e ti$e /it-in /-i2- to #2Auire ot No. (++-C, #s in .#2t it -#d #2Auired ot No. (++-A /-i2- is $u2- ;i&&er t-#n ot No. (++-C #nd o22upied ;' $ore $e$;ers o. "?C"PAI. T-e .#i%ure o. "?C"PAI to #2Auire ot No. (++-C ;e.ore it /#s so%d to :RYC-V 2#nnot ;e ;%#$ed on S=C ;e2#use #%% t-#t "?C"PAI -#d to do /#s to r#ise .unds to p#' .or ot No. (++-C /-i2- it did /it- respe2t to ot No. (++-A. S=C -#d not-in& to do /it- S=CIs uni%#ter#% #2tion t-rou&- ?rs. Antonin# Gr#2i#no to GpostponeH t-e pro2essin& o. t-e #2Auisition o. ot No. (++-C, /-i2- it re.erred to #s P-#se II, unti% #.ter t-e p#'$ent to S=C o. t-e #2Auisition pri2e .or ot No. (++- A or P-#se I B B B
DHERE=ORE, pre$ises 2onsidered, t-e petition is -ere;' DENIED. T-e 1e2ision o. t-e Court o. Appe#%s in CA G.R. CV No. 7*889 #nd t-e Re&ion#% Tri#% Court in Civi% C#se No. <795<8<<6 #re AFFIRMED. Costs #&#inst t-e petitioner.
PHILIPPINE COMMERCIAL INTERNATIONAL BANK (Formerly INSULAR BANK OF ASIA AND AMERICA), Petitioner, vs. COURT OF APPEALS and FORD PHILIPPINES, INC. and CITIBANK, N.A., Respondents.
Randall Robert Maley v. Thomas Osla, Trial Judge Ken James, District Attorney Gale A. Norton, Attorney General of the State of Colorado Donna Salmon James P. Swanseen Aristedes Zavaras, Executive Director, Department of Corrections Thomas Cooper, Warden, Fremont Correctional Facility, 45 F.3d 440, 10th Cir. (1994)