Offshore Containers

Part 6: Good and bad design

Designing of steel structures for offshore lifting
Bad design: padeyes
Padeyes are to be on line diagonally
(Tolerance + 2.5 grades)
Padeye are exposed for damages
Hole greatly exceeds 6% of shackle pin
diameter.
Shocking Bad design- Padeyes on ISO Freight
Containers
Pad eye not acceptable & considered dangerous for the
following reasons:
Fillet welded.
Hole greatly exceeds 6% of
shackle pin diameter.
Pad eye is not in line with
pad-eye in diagonally
opposite corner of
container.
Sticking outside boundary
of Container.
ISO-containers are not suited for use offshore.
Bad design: padeyes
padeyes are welded with fillet welds on the ouside of the frame
Padeye plate is not in the correct angle
2 shackles are joined together
Bad design: padeyes and ISO container
Padeye attached later on an ISO-container:
padeye-construction gives lack in continuity between toprail and
corner post
ISO-containers are not suited for use offshore (for instance the
top beam is only a thin L-beam
A poor
attempt at
converting
an ISO
container.
Good design: padeyes
Padeye (padeye) slotted
through the corner post
Gives good foundation for
the padeye
Gives full penetration welds
without large welds
Do not require any specific
material quality
Angel can be adjusted
according to need
Good design: padeyes
Padeyes slotted
through the
corner post
Comment: Sharp edge on
padeye to be grinded
Good design: padeyes
To obtain full penetration welding with this design the base plate is
slotted into the top frame. Padeye is being prepared and welded with
full penetration. Base plate are to have Z-quality.
Recessed into the Top Rail.
Accepted design
Depends on how it is
done:
padeye on container with
ISO-corner:
Vertical weld are to have full
penetration welding
weld to horizontal corner plate
may be fillet welds
Angle between padeye and
ISO-corner makes it difficult to
weld, requires proper weld
preparation
Bad design: padeye
The padeye must be positioned such that there is
sufficient space for the shackle and eye of the wire
ropes
Bad design: Skid
Skid protrudes
beyond
container
parameters.
Good and bad design: Doors
Door mountings are
unprotected Bad design
Good design
Bad design: Fork lift pockets
Old container: Cracks in bottom frame due to not
sufficient shear area above fork lift pockets
Good design: Fork lift pockets
Reinforcement (increased shear
area) above fork lift pockets.
Alternative reinforcements above
fork lift pockets(wall plates are
thin secondary structure)
Bad design
Door locking mechanism
and hinges unprotected
Other unacceptable
protrusions
Fork pockets have no
shear area above
Bad design: Bolted connection
Top frame bolted: Oval bolt holes not acceptable
Good design
Protruding parts on the outside of the container frame that may catch or
damage other containers or structures.
Deflector plates to prevent snagging shall be applied.
Strength and stiffness in baskets
Frame work construction in the sides gives good stiffness to long
baskets.
Bad design
Padeyes not in line
with slings
Holes for shackle
bolt too big
Are full penetration
welding used?
Cylinders protrudes
above frame
Snagging hazard
for slings in
cylinder
Strong container with some errors 1:
Protection of top
Slings may be caught
Chains may corrosion on tank (which is made from acid proof steel)
Strong container with some errors 2:
AND:
Too small clearance
between tank shell
and frame
Bad Design-Tank support
Tank is
supported on the
fork pockets.
RESULT?
Bad Design-Tank support
It is cracking!
It corrodes!
It will soon be
falling apart!
Offshore
container with
folding crane on
roof, protected by
a rail (and by
tarpaulin during
transport)
Bad design
DNV required
that the rails
were removed
at the corner.
Container for stacking
Such knobs for
stacking often
gives damages at
bottom of
containers that are
put on top.
Good and Bad design: lifting set
Bad design-Long slings may cause
problems
Good design-Top link at working
height for deck operator (< 1.3 m
above the ground)
Top protection of open top containers:
The top of all open frame containers and of all open top containers with
permanent internal fittings, machinery or other installations where crane hooks or
forerunners may snag, shall be protected with grating or plates. This may be
fixed, hinged or removable. Top protection shall be capable of being secured.
Good design: Top protection
Good and Bad design: Force continuity
Lack of force continuity in the
primary structure
Knee bracket
shall be used