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fiecare din aceste caracteristici. Mai mult chiar, analizD FDQWLWDWLY

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caracteristicilor obiectului studiat, n sensul:

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sesizarea,

eventual, a unor aspecte noi

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fenomen

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y = f (x)

x
y = e sin x
-x

y = e sin x
x

y = sin x

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Dificultatea sau imposibilitatea lucrului cu obiecte reale

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acestora.

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jucat un rol important. Reprezentarea a devenit model, iar procesul

construirii acestuia a devenit modelare.

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rii, dar sunt ntr-RDQXPLW

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cu acesta, substituindu-i-VHvQXQHOHGLQHWDSHOHFHUFHW

ULL

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altui obiect. Obiectul studiat este originalul (O), iar obiectul cu care
VHVWXGLD] HVWHPRGHOXO0
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introdus recent.
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elaborat modele ale fenomenelor economico-financiare att n

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VHFRO XQ DOW PDUH HFRQRPLVW :DVLOL /HRQWLHII HODERUHD]  vQ DQLL

30 ai sec. XX, pornind de la fluxurile economice ntre diferite

DFWLYLW

L PRGHOXO EDODQ HL OHJ WXULORU GLQWUH UDPXUL %/5 $FHVW

model conduce la formularea unor categorii economice noi, dintre

care amintim pe cea a cheltuielilor totale reprezentnd cuantumul
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l global al unei ramuri n cazul

n care s-DUSURGXFHFUHWHUHDFXRXQLWDWHDSURGXVXOXLILQDODOXQHL
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xij = fluxul economic ntre ramurile iLj (i, j = 1,2,, n)

Xi(j) = produsul global al ramurii i(j)
aij

FRQVXPXOVSHFLILFDOUDPXULLLGLQSURGXF LDUDPXULL

j = xij / Xj
Yi(j) = produsul final al ramurii i(j)
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amuri devine:

X i = x ij + Yi ,

(1)

j=1

care poate fi rescris cu ajutorul consumurilor specifice:

n

X i = a ij X j + Yi ,

(2)

j=1

VDXvQIRUP PDWULFLDO 

X = A*X + Y,

n care X =

(3)

;i

n*1

Dij

A=

n*n

Y=

<i

n*1,

de unde avem:
X = (E A) 1 * Y,
n care (E A)

(4)
$ij

n*n,

unde Aij este cheltuiala WRWDO

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sub forma:

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i n raport cu ramura

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X i = A ij * Yj ,

(5)

j=1

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= Xi / Yj DGLF

 LQWHUS

retnd economic

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produsul final al ramurii j DUFUHWHFXRXQLWDWH

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x (fluxuri sau produs global ), variabile

de tip y (produs final), parametrii de tip a (consumuri specifice,

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cum sunt sistemul (2) sau (5), ambele de tip nedeterminat avnd n
HFXD LL L

2n QHFXQRVFXWH ([LVWHQ D D n grade de libertate permite

formularea a trei genuri de probleme:

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deschide

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economice, dintre care amintim pe cele legate de politica

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, ceea ce de multe ori este imposibil sau,

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ar trebui luate.
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o teorie despre original n interpretarea subiectului S. Teoria

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) pot concepe modele diferite (M1L02). De aceea

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de subiect.
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ntotdeauna prezente (fig. 2).

S(i)

O
v

S(ii)
r,a

T(O/S)
a,v

S(v)

M(O/S)

r,a

S(iii)
S(iv)

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ULLL

conexiunile dintre ele

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RULJLQDOXOXL

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R

QXP UXO

DFHVWRU

P1(O), P2(O), , Po(O)

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HYHQWXDO D XQRUD GH DMXVWDUH FHO SX LQ VXE IRUPD XQRU LSRWH]H vQ
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ED]HD]  LDU REVHUYD LLOH VDOH vO vQGUHSW

HVF V  IRUPXOH]H DVWIHO GH

ipoteze.
(ii)

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LORUvQPRGHO

P1(O) P1(M), P2(O) P2(M), , Po(O) Po(M)

(VWH HWDSD GH FRQVWUXF LH SURSULX ]LV  D PRGHOXOXL FDUH VH

SRDWH GHUXOD LWHUDWLY L SUHVXSXQH UHSUH]HQWDUHD WHRULHL vQ PRGHO L

DMXVWDUHD DFHVWXLD SkQ  OD IRUPD FRQVLGHUDW  FD UHIOHFWkQG FHO PDL

bine teoria.
(iii)

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DOWRU

SURSULHW

L

DOH

PRGHOXOXL

SH

ED]D

vQ HOHJHULL PRGXOXL V X GH IXQF LRQDUH L vQ FRQWLQXDUH vQ

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QXP UXODFHVWRUSURSULHW

LDGLF 

Po+1 (M), Po+2(M), , Po+m(M)

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GHDMXVWDUHDDFHVWXLDGLQXUP vQOLPLWHOHDFHVWHLDQDFHODLWLPS

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ei; este vorba n primul rnd de eventXDOHOHLSRWH]HLQWURGXVHGDUL

de elemente noi necunoscute sau insuficient luate n considerare
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(iv)

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SURSULHW

L

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originalului:
Po+1(M) Po+1(O), Po+2(M) Po+2(O), , Po+m(M) Po+m(O)
(VWH R HWDS  D vQWUHE ULORU SULYLQG YHULGLFLWDWHD QRLORU
SURSULHW

(v)

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-orginal.

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PRWLYD GH FH QRLOH VDX XQHOH GLQ QRLOH SURSULHW

L DOH

modelului nu se potrivesc originalului, de a selecta acele noi

SURSULHW

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D FDUDFWHUL]D GHVFULH DFHVWH FD]XUL SDUWLFXODUH L GH D

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dreptYDODELOHDOHXQRUDGLQQRLOHSURSULHW

LGHDH[SOLFDL

justifica generalizarea lor asupra ntregii clase de care

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