Circuit Breakers

Definition

Device designed to open the circuit automatically
under abnormal conditions without damage to
itself when properly applied within its rating.
Circuit breakers are categorized by the method
employed to interrupt the circuit current
(extinguishing the arc) when the current contacts
open.
Four major types
Air
Oil
Vacuum
Gas (SF6 or SF6/CF4)
Two methods circuit breakers sense
circuit current
Thermal
Magnetic
Thermal circuit breaker
Sense circuit current through the production of
heat
Generally uses some type of heating element in
series with the load
The heater is located close to a bimetallic strip
The bimetallic strip is mechanically connected to
the moveable contacts
Thermal circuit breaker
There is a time delay before the circuit opens
The time delay depends on the amount of
overcurrent

Thermal Circuit Breaker
Schematic symbol

Schematic

Magnetic circuit breaker
Also known as Instantaneous trip circuit breaker
Senses circuit current by connecting a coil in
series with the load
When current flows thought the circuit, a magnetic
field is established around the coil
The magnetic field attracts the metal arm of a
solenoid

Magnetic circuit breaker
When the magnetic field becomes intense enough
the metal arm mechanically opens the contacts
There is very little time delay in opening the
contacts when an abnormal condition occurs

Magnetic Circuit Breaker
Schematic symbol

Schematic

Thermomagnetic circuit breaker
Most common type
Schematic symbol
Employs both thermal and magnetic current
sensors
Four Major Types
Air
Oil
Vacuum
Gas (SF6 or SF6/CF4)
Air circuit breaker
Divided into four basic types

1 Moulded Case CB (120V 750V)

2 Low-Voltage Power CB (120V 750V)

3 Medium-Voltage CB (1.5kV 69kV)

4 High-Voltage CB (115kV 230kV)