Dawatul Ameer Hindi

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(A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ho$ ~mXemh Ho$ Zm_ {Z_U-n)
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AZwdmXH$ Ed y\$ arS>a :

Agma Ah_X ~r.E.~r.ES>., _mbdr \$m{Ob
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: \$adar 2012 B.
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: 1000
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: ZOmaV Zl-d-BemAV
gXa AOw_Z Ah_{X`m H$m{X`mZ - 143516
{Obm JwaXmgnwa, nOm~, (^maV)
_wH$
: \$bo C_a qqQ>J og, H$m{X`mZ
ISBN : 978-81-7912-346-1
{~p_bm{hah_m{Zahr_
H$meH$ H$s Amoa go

hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ MmXhdt eVmXr ({hOr) _| Z~r
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s ^{d`dm{U`m| Ho$ AZwgma AdV[aV
hE Ama OrdZ-n`V Bbm_ H$s godm H$aVo hE Bbm_ Ho$ {damo{Y`m|
Ama ewAm| Ho$ gm_Zo grZm VmZo IS>o aho VWm Bbm_ H$mo ggma Ho$
g_j EH$ Or{dV Y_ Ho$ $n _| Wm{nV H$a {X`m & Amn(A) Zo AnZo
OrdZ _| Bbm_ H$mo nwZOudZ XoZo Ho$ Co` go bJ^J Agr nwVH$m| H$s
aMZm H$s & Amn(A) Zo wXm go kmZ nmH$a EH$ _hmZ gwnw H$m ew^
g_mMma H$m{eV {H$`m Omo {^Z-{^Z {deofVmAm| H$m g_mhma hmoZo Ho$
gmW-gmW Cg_| EH$ `h {deofVm ^r Wr {H$ ""dh Cby_o Om{har Ama
~m{VZr go nwa {H$`m OmEJm &'' (AWmV dh ^m{VH$ Ama Am`mp_H$
kmZm| go n[anyU {H$`m OmEJm) &
Abmh VAmbm Zo AnZo dmXo Ho$ AZwgma hOaV _grh _mD$X(A) H$mo
{_Om ~errZ _h_yX Ah_X Ho$ $n _| dh ~oQ>m-XmZ {H$`m Omo ~mX
_| O_mAV Ah_{X`m Ho$ Xgao br\$m Ho$ $n _| AmgrZ hE &
gmgm[aH$ {dmAm| H$s pQ> go AmnH$s {ejm Xgdt go A{YH$ Z
Wr, naVw Anm`w _| hr Bda-Xm H${WV kmZm| mam bmoJm| H$mo
AmM`M{H$V H$a {X`m &
O~ {bm\$V Ho$ nX na AmgrZ hE Vmo Amn nMrg df Ho$ Zd
`wdH$ Wo & bmoJ, {deofH$a {bm\$V Ho$ {damoYr AmnH$mo EH$ Anm`w `wdm
g_PVo Wo, naVw Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn go do AmMÒZH$ H$m_ {bE
{H$ XeH$ XmVm| Vbo CJbr X~mZo bJo &
Abmh VAmbm Zo AmnH$mo ^m{VH$ Ama Am`mp_H$ kmZm| go n[anyU
{H$`m & AmnH$mo boIZ Ama ^mfU H$s EH$ AX^wV {V^m XmZ H$s JB
Wr & AmnZo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s AZwn_ Ama {ZVmV gamhZr` `m`m
""Vgrao H$~ra'' Zm_ go H$B ^mJm| _| H$s, Omo Bbm_ _| EH$ Zd`wJ
(iii)
H$mo O_ XoVr h & BgHo$ A{V[aV Amn Zo Z{VH$, Am`mp_H$,

amOZ{VH$, gm_m{OH$, Eo{Vhm{gH$ B`m{X {d{^Z jom| _| nwVH$m| H$s
aMZm H$s & Amn O~ ^mfU XoZo Ho$ {bE IS>o hmoVo Vmo lmoVmAm| na
gZmQ>m N>m OmVm, AmnHo$ _wI go {ZH$bo hE eX bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _|
CVaVo Mbo OmVo, Amn H$s Or^ go Am`m_ kmZm| H$m gmJa R>mRo _maVm
{XImB XoVm Wm, bmoJm| H$mo wXm H$s Amoa Xm'dV ({Z_U) XoZo H$s
^mdZm BVZr ~b {H$ {Og H$m CXmhaU {_bZm H${R>Z h, Bgr ^mdZm
Ho$ AVJV AmnZo `h `m{V mV nwVH$ ""Xm'dVwb A_ra'' VH$mbrZ
A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ho$ ~mXemh A_ra A_mZwbmh ImZ H$mo EH$ n Ho$ $n _|
{bIr & Bg go nyd BgHo$ `mah gH$aU {OZ_| W_ gH$aU \$magr
^mfm _| Wm, eof Xg gH$aU CX ^mfm _| H$m{eV hmo MwHo$ h &
dV_mZ g_` H$s Amd`H$Vm H$s pQ> go {hXr OmZZo dmbo gOZm| Ho$
nW-XeZ Ho$ {bE BgH$m ~mahdm gH$aU {hXr ^mfm _| W_ ~ma
hOaV br\$Vwb _grh nM_ H$s AZw_{V go H$m{eV H$aZo H$m gm^m`
mV hmo ahm h & BgH$m {hXr ^mfm _| gab Ama AmgmZ AZwdmX lr
Agma Ah_X gm{h~ ~r.E., ~r.ES>, _mbdr \$m{Ob Zo {H$`m h & wXm
VAmbm Ch| Cm_ {V\$b XmZ H$ao & Bgr H$ma nwVH$ H$s H$nmoqOJ
Ama gqQ>J _| AmXaUr` g`X EoOmO Ah_X gm{h~ Am\$Vm~, y\$
arqS>J Ama AZwdmX _| {d{^Z aJ _| gh`moJ H$aZo dmbo AmXaUr` g`X
ehm_V Abr gm{h~, _wh_X dgr_ mZ gm{h~, {~bmb Ah_X e_r_
gm{h~, Hw$aer \$bwbmh gm{h~ VWm ZdrX Ah_X \$b gm{h~ H$mo
Abmh VAmbm {V\$b XmZ H$ao & Am_rZ !
Abmh VAmbm go XAm h {H$ dh Bg Ho$ H$meZ H$mo ha H$ma go
bm^X H$ao Ama O_mAV Ho$ bmoJm| VWm A` g`m{^bm{f`m| Ho$ _mJXeZ H$m H$maU hmo & Am_rZ
dgbm_
mH$gma
hm{\$O _X_ ear\$
Zm{Oa Zl d BemAV, H$m{X`mZ
{Obm JwaXmgnwa, nOm~
(iv)
{df` gyMr
H$_mH$
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{df`
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n {bIZo Ho$ Xmo Co` ............................................ 1

O_mAV H$m Zm_ O_mAV Ah_{X`m aIZo H$m H$maU ............. 2
""Bbm_'' Zm_ Ho$ g~Y _| `gB`mh Z~r H$s ^{d`dmUr ...... 2
\$dm _wh H$s ~mV na bJm`m OmVm h Z {H$ X` Ho$
{dMmam| na ........................................................... 3
O_mAV Ah_{X`m H$s AmWmE (AH$m`X) ......................... 4
A` bmoJm| go h_mam _VôX ...................................... 11
{damo{Y`m| Ho$ Bg Amamon H$m Cma {H$ hOaV _grh(A) H$mo
_`w mV _mZZo go h_ CZH$m An_mZ H$aVo h ................ 12
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w H$m g~yV ....... 14
hXrgm| go _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w H$m g~yV ............... 19
_grh Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w na ghm~m a{O. H$s gd g_{V .. 24
Z~r H$ar_ g.A.d. Ho$ n[adma H$s _grh(A) H$s _`w na
gh_{V ............................................................. 26
{damo{Y`m| H$m Amamon {H$ h_ EH$ C_Vr H$mo _grh _mD$X
_mZVo h ............................................................ 28
hOaV _grh(A) Ho$ Xmo~mam AmJ_Z go Abmh VAmbm H$s H $w XaV
Ama Z~r H$ar_ g.A.d. H$s n{d epV na Amamon AmVm h .. 30
AmZo dmbm _grh C_Vo _wh_{X`m _| go hmoZm Wm Ama _hXr
VWm _grh EH$ hr `pV Ho$ Xmo Zm_ h ....................... 34
"ZwOyb' eX Ho$ AW ............................................... 36
AmZo dmbo H$m Zm_ Bgm BZo _a`_ `m| aIm J`m ............. 39
Bg Amamon H$m Cma {H$ h_ dr Ama Zw~wdV Ho$ H$_ H$mo
Omar g_PVo h .................................................... 42
Am`V mV_wZ{~`rZ H$s `m`m ................................ 47
BZr Am{b A{~`m H$m ghr AW .............................. 49
hXrg bm Z{~`m ~m'Xr H$m AW ................................. 49
(v)
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nR>
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go Zw~wdV Ho$ Omar ahZo H$m _mU .............. 53

{OhmX H$s dmV{dH$Vm ............................................ 56
Ah_Xr {OhmX Ho$ _wZ{H$a Zht ................................... 62
hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$m Xmdm .. 63
Amn Ho$ Xmdo Ho$ g~yV ............................................. 64
W_ g~yV - g_` H$s Amd`H$Vm (g_` H$s _mJ) ......... 66
Xgam g~yV - Z{~`m| Ho$ gaXma gbbmhmo Ab[h d gb_
H$s gm` ........................................................... 85
_grh _mD$X Ama _hXr-E-_gD$X Ho$ `wJ Ho$ bjU ............ 90
_grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s Ym{_H$ AdWm ......................... 92
_wgb_mZm| H$s Ym{_H$ AdWm..................................... 94
Z{VH$ AdWm ...................................................... 98
ej{UH$ AdWm................................................... 105
gm_m{OH$ AdWm ................................................. 106
emar[aH$ AdWm .................................................. 111
gVmZ H$m AZwnmV ................................................ 113
nana AVamQ>r` g~Y ........................................ 114
Am{WH$ AdWm .................................................... 115
amOZ{VH$ AdWm ................................................. 117
nm{Wd n[adVZ .................................................... 121
AmH$mer` bjU ................................................... 121
Vrgam g~yV - Zgo Zm{VH$m (_mZd _Zmod{m)................ 127
(gy` Ho$ ApVd Ho$ {bE gy` H$m AmJ_Z hr _mU h) ..... 127
MmWm g~yV - _m`VmAm| H$mo ^wbm MwHo$ g_V Y_m] na
Bbm_ H$s {dO` ................................................. 138
BgmB Y_ na hma ............................................... 142
g_V Y_m] Ho$ {bE EH$ hr A .............................. 144
ApV_ `wJ Ho$ gwYmaH$ Ho$ g~Y _| Z{~`m| H$s ^{d`dm{U`m ... 145
Xgam hma - {gIm| na g~yV H$s nyUVm ...................... 148
(vi)
H$_mH$
{df`
nR>
47. Vrgam hma - {d{^Z Y_m] Ama CZHo$ Z{~`m| Ho$ g~Y
_| Bbm_r pQ>H$moU .............................................. 149
48. MmWm hma - M{bV VH$ em _| n[adVZ VWm
emm{W`m| H$mo AnZm Xmdm Ama Cg H$m g~yV AnZr
hr Amg_mZr {H$Vm~ go VwV H$aZo H$m {Z_U .............. 154
49. nmMdm hma - gMo Y_ Ho$ nyU AZwgaU H$m dmV{dH$ Ama
{ZpMV n[aUm_ wXm H$m gm{Z`, g_V dV_mZ Y_m] _|
Ho$db Bbm_ Ho$ g`-Y_ hmoZo H$m _mU...................... 158
50. nmMdm g~yV - Y_ H$m ZdrZrH$aU............................. 161
51. EHo$dadmX Ho$ {dnarV _wgb_mZm| Ho$ VdmXr {dMmam| H$m IS>Z,
\ $[aVm| Ho$ gX^ _| _wgb_mZm| H$s J bV AmWmAm| H$m IS>Z ... 165
52. Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ gX^ _| _wgb_mZm| H$s JbV AmWmAm|
H$m IS>Z ......................................................... 167
53. Hw$AmZ Ama hXrg H$s loUr H$m {ZYmaU VWm Hw$AmZ H$ar_
H$s _wIVm ........................................................ 180
54. Z{~`m| Ho$ ~mao _| _wgb_mZm| Ho$ JbV {dMmam| H$m IS>Z ..... 185
55. _`w Ho$ nMmV Xmo~mam CR>m`m OmZm VWm dJ-ZH$ Ho$ g~Y
_| C{MV AmWmAm| H$m dUZ .................................... 192
56. `mdhm[aH$ ^mJ Ho$ g~Y _| Ym{_H$ {Z`_m| H$mo VmoS>Zm AWdm
CZ {Z`_m| H$m `Wmo{MV nyU $n go nmbZ H$aZo H$m gwYma .. 195
57. N>Q>m g~yV - wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go ghm`Vm (wXmB ghm`Vm) .. 199
58. nmM ~mV| Omo PyR>o XmdoXma _| H$^r EH$ Zht hmo gH$Vt ..... 210
59. gmVdm g~yV - ewAm| H$m {dZme .............................. 211
60. AmR>dm g~yV - \$[aVm| H$m gXh H$aZm ...................... 219
61. Zmdm g~yV - AmH$mer` kmZm| H$m H$Q>Z ...................... 225
62. Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| CZ `mah gmpVH$ kmZm| H$m dUZ
Omo Abmh VAmbm Zo hOaV _grh _mD$X(A) H$mo XmZ {H$E .. 235
63. Xgdm g~yV - ^{d`dm{U`m ..................................... 247
64. nhbr ^{d`dmUr - gm{h~OmXm AXb bVr\$ ehrX VWm
(vii)
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_mbdr AXah_mZ gm{h~ Ho$ ehrX hmoZo H$s ^{d`dmUr

VWm CgHo$ nMmV hmoZo dmbr KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ g~Y _| ........... 249
Xgar ^{d`dmUr - BamZr emgZ H$s H$mpV .................. 256
Vrgar ^{d`dmUr - AmW_ Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dmUr ......... 258
MmWr ^{d`dmUr - A_arH$m Ho$ PyR>o XmdoXma "S>moB' Ho$ g~Y
_| ^{d`dmUr ..................................................... 265
nmMdt ^{d`dmUr - boIam_ Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dmUr
Omo {hXVm{Z`m| Ho$ {bE g~yV ~Zr ............................ 272
N>R>r ^{d`dmUr - amOHw$_ma {Xbrn qgh Ho$ g~Y
_| ^{d`dmUr Omo {gIm| Ho$ {bE g~yV hB .................... 278
gmVdt ^{d`dmUr - VmD$Z (boJ) H$s ^{d`dmUr.......... 279
AmR>dt ^{d`dmUr - _hmZ ^yH$n H$s ^{d`dmUr ........... 284
Zmdt ^{d`dmUr - _hmZ {dd`w H$s ^{d`dmUr .......... 286
Xgdt ^{d`dmUr - H $m{X`mZ H$s CZ{V go g~{ YV ^{d`dmUr .. 302
`mahdt ^{d`dmUr - Am{WH$ ghm`Vm Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dmUr ... 305
~mahdt ^{d`dmUr - O_mAV Ah_{X`m H$s CZ{V Ho$ g~Y
_| ^{d`dmUr ..................................................... 312
`mahdm g~yV - Abmh VAmbm Ama agyb H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ go Amn(A) H$m o_ ............................. 316
~mahdm g~yV - Amn(A) H$s OrdZXm{`Zr epV ............... 332
n[a{eQ> ........................................................... 340
_mUm| H$m CboI ................................................ 351
***
ZmoQ> :- nwVH$ _| {^Z-{^Z WmZm| na _mUm| H$mo VwV Z H$aHo$ dhm H$_mZwgma
EH$ g`m Xr JB h, Cg g`m mam nwVH$ Ho$ AV _| ""_mUm| H$m
CboI'' erfH$ Ho$ AVJV Cg H$m _mU XoIm Om gH$Vm h &
(viii)
1
AD$Ow{~bmho {_ZeVm{ZaOr_
{~p_bm{ha_m{Zahr_
Zh_Xmoh d Zwgbr Abm agy{b{hbH$ar_
wXm Ho$ \$b Ama ah_ Ho$ gmW
hdZm{ga
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Abmh Ho$ AeV Xmg {_Om ~errZ _h_yX Ah_X

br\$Vwb _grh VWm B_m_ O_mAV Ah_{X`m H$s
Amoa go
_m`da OZm~ A_ra A_mZbwbmh mZ ~hmXa ~mXemh
A\$J{ZVmZ VWm AYrZ Xoem| H$s Amoa
Agbm_mo AbHw$_ dah_Vwbmho d ~aH$mVmoh
AmXaUr` _hmoX` ! ò Hw$N> nR> Omo AmnH$s godm _| Amn Ho$ loR>
nX H$mo pQ>JV aIVo hE VWm OZ gmYmaU H$mo bm^ nhMmZo H$s Zr`V
go N>ndmH$a o{fV h & _ Amem H$aVm h Amn ~mdOyX \w$agV Ho$
A^md Ho$ BZHo$ A``Z H$m H$Q> drH$ma H$aHo$ _wPo H$Vk H$a|Jo & VWm
wXm Ho$ {ZH$Q> g_mZ mV H$a|Jo &
Bg n Ho$ {bIZo Ho$ Xmo Co` h & (1) `h {H$ Amn VH$ _ Cg
AmdmO H$mo nhMm X Omo Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go X{Z`m H$mo
_wh_{X`V Ho$ Ho$ na EH$ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CR>mB JB h & (2) `h {H$
Amn H$s N> N>m`m _| O_mAV Ah_{X`m Ho$ Hw$N> gX` ahVo h &
CZH$s AmWmAm| Ama n[apW{V`m| go AmnH$mo gy{MV H$$ Vm{H$ `{X CZ
Ho$ g~Y _| H$moB ~mV Amn H$s godm _| VwV hmo Vmo Amn AnZo
`pVJV kmZ go Cg_| {ZU` H$aZo `mo` hm| &
AmXaUr` _hmoX` ! nyd BgHo$ {H$ _ H$moB Ama ~mV H$h `h ~Vm
XoZm MmhVm h {H$ O_mAV Ah_{X`m {H$gr ZE Y_ H$s nm~X Zht h
A{nVw Bbm_ Cg H$m Y_ h VWm Cg go EH$ H$X_ BYa-CYa hmoZm
dh AdY VWm X^m` H$m H$maU g_PVr h & CgH$m Z`m Zm_ Cg Ho$
ZE Y_ H$mo {g Zht H$aVm h A{nVw CgH$m Ho$db `h Co` h {H$
`h O_mAV CZ A` bmoJm| go Omo Cgr H$s ^m{V d` H$mo Bbm_ go
g~ H$aVo h _wI h{g`V _| X{Z`m Ho$ gm_Zo VwV hmo gHo$ &
2
Bbm_ EH$ {` Zm_ h Omo wXm VAmbm Zo d` C_Vo _wh_{X`m H$mo
XmZ {H$`m h VWm Cg Zm_ H$mo Cg Zo Eogr loR>Vm XmZ H$s h {H$
CgHo$ g~Y _| dh nyd Z{~`m| Ho$ mam ^{d`dm{U`m H$aVm Mbm Am`m
h & AV: Abmh VAmbm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| \$a_mVm h {H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
(hdm g_mHw$_wb _wpb_rZm {_Z H$bmo d \$s hmOm) AWmV

CgZo Vwhmam Zm_ _wgb_mZ aIm h nhbr {H$Vm~m| _| ^r Ama Bg
{H$Vm~ _| ^r & AV: O~ h_ nhbr {H$Vm~m| H$mo XoIVo h Vmo
"`gB`mh' _| `h ^{dddmUr A~ VH$ {bIr hB nmVo h {H$ ""Vy EH$ ZE Zm_ go H$hbmEJm {Ogo wXmdX H$m _wh d` aI
XoJm &''2
AV: Bg Zm_ go A{YH$ n{d Zm_ Ama H$mZ gm hmo gH$Vm h
{Ogo d` wXm Zo AnZo ~Xm| Ho$ {bE MwZm VWm {Ogo BVZm g_mZ
{X`m {H$ nyd Z{~`m| Ho$ _wI go CgHo$ {bE ^{d`dm{U`m H$amB & H$mZ
h Omo Bg n{d Zm_ H$mo N>moS>Zm ngX H$a gH$Vm h ? h_ Bg Zm_
H$mo AnZo mU go A{YH$ [` g_PVo h VWm Bg Y_ H$mo AnZo `WmW
OrdZ H$m H$maU & naVw My{H$ Bg `wJ _| {d{^Z bmoJm| Zo AnZo-AnZo
{dMmamZwgma AnZo {d{^Z Zm_ aI {bE h, Bg{bE Amd`H$ Wm d`
H$mo CZgo _wI H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$moB Zm_ AnZm`m OmVm & Bg `wJ H$s
Xem H$mo `mZ _| aIVo hE Cm_ Zm_ Ah_Xr hr Wm, `m|{H$ `h `wJ
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ bmE hE gXoe H$mo Mm[aV
H$aZo H$m `wJ h VWm Abmh VAmbm H$s egm H$m `wJ h & AV: Amn
(g.A.d.) H$s Ah_{X`V H$s {deofVm Ho$ H$Q>Z Ho$ g_` H$s pQ> go
Bg Zm_ go loR> H$moB _wIVm dmbm Zm_ Bg g_` Zht hmo gH$Vm Wm &
AV: h_ bmoJ gMo X` go _wgb_mZ h VWm òH$ Eogr ~mV H$mo
{Og H$m drH$ma H$aZm EH$ gMo _wgb_mZ Ho$ {bE Amd`H$ h
drH$ma H$aVo h Ama òH$ dh ~mV {OgH$m IS>Z H$aZm EH$ gMo
_wgb_mZ Ho$ {bE Amd`H$ h CgH$m IS>Z H$aVo h & dh `pV Omo
~mdOyX g_V gMmB`m| Ho$ g`mnZ Ho$ VWm Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g_V
AmXoem| H$mo drH$ma H$aZo Ho$ h_ na Hw$\$ H$m Amamon bJmVm h VWm
3
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{H$gr ZE Y_ H$m _mZZo dmbm R>hamVm h dh h_ na A`m` H$aVm h
VWm wXm Ho$ `hm CmaXm`r h & _Zw` AnZo _wI H$s ~mV na nH$S>m
OmVm h Z {H$ AnZo X` Ho$ {dMma na & H$mZ H$h gH$Vm h {H$
{H$gr Ho$ X` _| `m h ? Omo `pV {H$gr A` na Amamon bJmVm h
{H$ Omo Hw$N> `h _wI go H$hVm h dh CgHo$ X` _| Zht h, dh wXm
hmoZo H$m Xmdm H$aVm h `m|{H$ X`m| H$m OmZZo dmbm Ho$db Abmh h,
CgHo$ A{V[aV H$moB Zht H$h gH$Vm {H$ {H$gr Ho$ X` _| `m h &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go A{YH$ Am`m_ kmZ dmbm
H$mZ hmoJm & Amn (g.A.d.) AnZo g~Y _| \$a_mVo h -
(BZHw$_ VV{g_yZm Bb`m d BZ_m AZm ~eZ d VAbm

~AOHw$_ A`Hy$Zm AbhZm {~ hO{Vhr {_Z ~A{OZ \$BZ
H$O`Vmo {bAh{XZ {_ZHw$_ {_Z hHo$ Arho \$BZ_m AVAmo bh
{H$VAVZ {_ZZmao \$bm `mwO {_hmo eÀZ)
AWmV Vw_ _| go Hw$N> bmoJ _oao nmg PJS>m boH$a AmVo h Ama _
^r AmX_r h & g^d h {H$ H$moB AmX_r Vw_ _| go Xgao H$s Anojm
Cm_ Vma na PJS>m H$aZo dmbm hmo & AV: `{X _ Vw_ _| go {H$gr H$mo
CgHo$ ^mB H$m hH$ {Xbm X Vmo _ Cgo AmJ H$m EH$ Qw>H$S>m H$mQ> H$a
XoVm h, Cgo Mm{hE {H$ Cgo Z bo &
Bgr H$ma hXrg _| AmVm h {H$ Cgm_m {~Z OX a{O H$mo agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo EH$ \$mO H$m A\$ga ~Zm H$a
ôOm, H$m{\$am| _| go EH$ `pV CZ H$mo {_bm {Og na Chm|Zo AmH$_U
{H$`m & O~ dh Cgo H$b H$aZo bJo Vmo Cg Zo ehmXV H$m H${b_m nT>
{b`m naVw BgHo$ ~mdOyX Chm|Zo Cgo H$b H$a {X`m & O~ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo `h gyMZm nhMr Vmo AmnZo CZ go nyN>m
{H$ Chm|Zo Eogm `m| {H$`m h & Bg na Cgm_m(a{O.) Zo H$hm {H$ ho
Abmh Ho$ agyb ! dh ^` go Bbm_ H$Q> H$aVm Wm & Amn Zo
4
\$a_m`m (Abm eH$H$Vm AZ H$p~hr) VyZo
CgH$m X` \$mS> H$a `m| Z XoIm AWmV VwPo `m _mby_ Wm {H$ CgZo
Bbm_ H$m H$Q>Z ^` go {H$`m AWdm gMo X` go, `m|{H$ X` H$m
hmb _Zw` go JwV hmoVm h &
AV: \$dm _wI H$s ~mV na bJm`m OmVm h Z {H$ X` Ho$
{dMmam| na, `m|{H$ X` Ho$ {dMmam| go Ho$db Abmh VAmbm AdJV
hmoVm h Ama Omo `pV {H$gr Ho$ X` Ho$ {dMmam| na \$dm bJmVm h
dh PyR>m h Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {ZH$Q> {JaV `mo` &
AV: h_ bmoJ AWmV O_mAV Ah_{X`m Ho$ gX` O~ {H$ d`
H$mo _wgb_mZ H$hVo h Vmo {H$gr H$m A{YH$ma Zht {H$ h_ na dh `h
\$dm bJmE {H$ BZH$m Bbm_ Ho$db {XImdo H$m h A`Wm ò X` go
Bbm_ Ho$ BH$mar h `m agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo
Zht _mZVo VWm H$moB Z`m H${b_m nT>Vo h `m Bhm|Zo Z`m {H$bm* ~Zm
aIm h & `{X h_mao g~Y _| Bg H$ma H$s ~mV| H$hZm C{MV h Vmo
h_ na Bg H$ma Ho$ Amamon bJmZo dmbm| Ho$ g~Y _| h_ ^r H$h gH$Vo
h {H$ do `j _| Bbm_ H$m Xmdm H$aVo h VWm AnZo Kam| _| OmH$a
ò bmoJ hOaV agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo Ama Bbm_
H$mo ZmD$Ow{~bmh Jm{b`m XoVo h, naVw h_ bmoJ {H$gr Ho$ {damoY Ho$
H$maU g` H$mo Zht `mJ gH$Vo & h_ {H$gr na \$dm Bg AmYma na
Zht bJmVo {H$ `h H$Q> Hw$N> Ama H$aVm h VWm Bg Ho$ X` _| Hw$N>
Ama h A{nVw h_ earAV Ho$ AmXoe Ho$ AVJV Bgr ~mV na ~hg
H$aVo h {Ogo _Zw` d` H$Q> H$aVm h &
VnMmV _ AmnHo$ g_j AnZr O_mAV H$s AmWmAm| H$mo VwV
H$aVm h Vm{H$ Amn {dMma H$a gH|$ {H$ BZ AmWmAm| _| H$mZ gr ~mV
Bbm_ Ho$ {d h &
1. h_ bmoJ {ddmg aIVo h {H$ wXm VAmbm {d_mZ h VWm
CgHo$ ApVd na B_mZ bmZm g~ go ~S>o g` H$m BH$ama H$aZm h Z
{H$ ^_ Ama g^mdZm H$m AZwgaU &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
* Omo _H$m _| h {OgH$s Amoa _wI H$aHo$ g_V {dd Ho$ _wgb_mZ Z_mO
nT>Vo h - AZwdmXH$ &
5
Xm'dVwb A_ra
2. h_ {ddmg aIVo h {H$ Abmh VAmbm EH$ h, CgH$m H$moB
^mJrXma Zht, Z ndr _| Z AmH$me _| & CgHo$ A{V[aV g~ Hw$N>
gpQ> h, ha nb Cg H$s ghm`Vm Ama ghmao H$s _whVmO h, Z CgH$m
H$moB ~oQ>m h, Z ~oQ>r, Z ~mn, Z _m, Z nZr, Z ^mB & dh AnZo
AVdmX Ama EH$d _| AHo$bm h &
3. h_ {ddmg aIVo h {H$ Abmh VAmbm H$m ApVd n{d h
VWm g_V Xmofm| go nmdZ h Ama g_V {deofVmAm| H$m gH$bZ h &
H$moB Xmof Zht Omo Cg _| nm`m OmVm hmo Ama H$moB {deofVm Zht Omo
Cg_| Z nmB OmVr hmo & CgH$s Hw$XaV AZV h, CgH$m kmZ Agr{_V,
Cg Zo òH$ dVw H$mo n[a{Y _| {b`m hAm h VWm H$moB dVw Zht Omo
CgH$mo n[a{Y _| H$a gHo$ & dh W_ h dh Am{a h, dh ~m h
dh AmV[aH$ h, dh Q>m h gnyU {dd H$m Ama dm_r h gnyU
gpQ>`m| H$m, CgH$m A{YH$ma Z H$^r nhbo Ag` hAm Z A~ Ag` h
Z ^{d` _| Ag` hmoJm, dh Or{dV h Cg na H$^r _`w Zht, dh
Wm{nV h Cg na H$^r nVZ Zht, CgHo$ g_V H$m` BamXo go hmoVo h
Z {H$ {ddeVm nydH$, dh A~ ^r ggma na emgZ H$a ahm h {Og
H$ma dh nhbo H$aVm Wm, CgH$s {deofVmE {H$gr g_` ^r W{JV
Zht hmoVt, dh ha g_` AnZr Hw$XaV H$m XeZ H$a ahm h &
4. h_ {ddmg aIVo h {H$ \$[aVo Abmh VAmbm H$s EH$ gpQ>
(_byH$) h VWm
(AWmV do dhr H$aVo h {OgH$m
Ch| AmXoe {X`m OmVm h) Ho$ M[aVmW h, CgH$s nyU Zr{V Zo Ch|
{d{^Z H$ma Ho$ H$m`m] Ho$ {bE CnZ {H$`m h, do `WmW _| {d_mZ
h & CZH$s MMm nH$ Ho$ Vma na Zht h VWm do wXm VAmbm Ho$ Cgr
H$ma _whVmO h {Og H$ma {H$ _Zw` `m A` gpQ>`m &
AbmhVAmbm AnZr Hw$XaV Ho$ H$Q>Z Ho$ {bE CZ H$m _whVmO Zht &
dh `{X MmhVm Vmo Ch| CnZ {H$E {~Zm AnZr BN>m H$Q> H$aVm,
naVw CgH$s nyU Zr{V Zo Cg gpQ> H$mo CnZ H$aZm Mmhm Ama dh
CnZ hmo JB & {Og H$ma gy` Ho$ H$me mam _mZdr` AmIm| H$mo
H$me_mZ H$aZo Ama amoQ>r go CgH$m noQ> âZo go Abmh VAmbm gy`
Ama amoQ>r H$m _whVmO Zht hmo OmVm & Bgr H$ma \$[aVm| Ho$ _m`_
6
go AnZo Hw$N> BamXm| Ho$ H$Q>Z _| dh \$[aVm| H$m _whVmO Zht hmo
OmVm &
5. h_ {ddmg aIVo h {H$ wXm AnZo ~Xm| go H$bm_ (~mV)
H$aVm h VWm CZ na AnZr BN>m H$Q> H$aVm h & `h H$bm_ (dmUr)
{deof eXm| _| CVaVm h & BgHo$ CVaZo _| ~Xo H$m H$moB hVjon Zht
hmoVm Z CgH$m _Vb~ ~Xo H$m gmoMm hAm hmoVm h, Z CgHo$ eX ~Xo
Ho$ Vm{dV hmoVo h & AW ^r Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go AmVo h VWm
eX ^r Cgr H$s Amoa go & dhr H$bm_ _Zw` H$m dmV{dH$ Amhma h
VWm Cgr go _Zw` Or{dV ahVm h Ama Cgr Ho$ _m`_ go CgH$m
Abmh VAmbm go g~Y CnZ hmoVm h & dh H$bm_ AnZr epV
Ama emZ _| AZwn_ hmoVm h, CgH$m CXmhaU H$moB ~Xm Zht bm
gH$Vm, dh kmZm| Ho$ Ag` OmZo AnZo gmW bmVm h Ama EH$ ImZ
H$s ^m{V hmoVm h, Cgo {OVZm ImoXmo Cg_| go CVZo hr ~h_y` aZ
{ZH$bVo Mbo AmVo h A{nVw ImZm| go ^r ~T> H$a `m|{H$ CZHo$ ^S>ma
g_mV hmo OmVo h naVw Cg H$bm_ Ho$ Am`m_ kmZ g_mV Zht
hmoVo & `h H$bm_ EH$ g_w H$s ^m{V hmoVm h {OgH$s gVh na A~a
VaVm {\$aVm h Ama {OgH$s Vh na aZ {~N>o hmoVo h & Omo CgHo$
`j na pQ> S>mbVm h Cg H$s gwJY go _pVH$ H$mo gwJY _| ~gm
hAm nmVm h Ama Omo CgHo$ AXa Sw>~H$s bJmVm h, kmZ Ama Ba\$mZ
Ho$ YZ go g_ hmo OmVm h &
`h H$bm_ H$B H$ma H$m hmoVm h & H$^r AmXoem| Ama earAVm|
(Ym{_H$ {dYmZm|) H$mo em{_b {H$E hmoVm h, H$^r gXnXoem| Ama dMZm|
H$mo, H$^r CgHo$ mam namoj-kmZ Ho$ ma Imobo OmVo h, H$^r
Am`mp_H$ kmZ Ho$ JS>o hE OmZo H$Q> {H$E OmVo h, H$^r Bg Ho$
mam Abmh VAmbm AnZo ~Xo na AnZr gZVm H$m H$Q>Z H$aVm h,
H$^r AnZr AgZVm H$m kmZ XoVm h, H$^r o_ Ama AZwamJ go CgHo$
X` H$mo gZ H$aVm h, H$^r S>mQ>-S>nQ> H$aHo$ Cgo CgHo$ H$V` H$s
Amoa `mZ {XbmVm h, H$^r loR> gXmMmam| Ho$ gy_ ah` H$Q> H$aVm
h, H$^r JwV ~wamB`m| H$m kmZ XoVm h & AV: h_ B_mZ aIVo h {H$
wXm AnZo ~Xm| go H$bm_ H$aVm h VWm dh H$bm_ {d{^Z n[apW{V`m|
Xm'dVwb A_ra
7
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ama {d{^Z _Zw`m| Ho$ AZwgma {d{^Z Vam| H$m hmoVm h Ama {d{^Z
$nm| _| CVaVm h Ama g_V H$bm_m| go Omo Abmh VAmbm Zo AnZo
~Xm| go {H$E h, Hw$AmZ H$ar_ loR> Ama nyUV_ h & Bg_| Omo earAV
CVar h Ama Omo nW-XeZ {H$`m J`m h dh gXm Ho$ {bE h & H$moB
^{d` H$m H$bm_ Cgo {ZaV Zht H$aoJm &
6. Bgr H$ma h_ {ddmg aIVo h {H$ O~ H$^r ^r X{Z`m
AYH$ma go â JB h Ama bmoJ nmnm| Ama XamMmam| _| J{gV hmo JE h
VWm AmH$mer` ghm`Vm Ho$ A^md _| eVmZ Ho$ nOo go _wpV nmZm CZHo$
{bE H${R>Z hmo J`m h Vmo Abmh VAmbm AnZr nyU ghmZw^y{V Ama
Agr_ X`m Ho$ H$maU AnZo ZoH$, n{d Ama {ZN>b ~Xm| _| go Hw$N> H$mo
MwZ H$a X{Z`m Ho$ nW-XeZ Ho$ {bE ôOVm ahm h & Ogm {H$ dh
\$a_mVm h (d Bp_Z C_{VZ Bbm
bm \$shm ZOra) AWmV H$moB Om{V Zht h {Og_| h_mar Amoa go Z~r
Z Am MwH$m hmo Ama ò ~Xo n{d H$m` Ama ew AmMaU go bmoJm| Ho$
{bE nW XeH$ ~ZVo aho h VWm CZHo$ mam dh AnZr BN>m go X{Z`m
H$mo gy{MV H$aVm ahm h & {OZ bmoJm| Zo CZ go _wI \o$am do _mV Ho$
gwnwX {H$E JE VWm {Ohm|Zo CZ go o_ {H$`m do wXm Ho$ {` hmo JE
VWm CZHo$ {bE ~aH$Vm| Ho$ ma Imobo JE VWm CZ na Abmh VAmbm
H$s H$nmE CVat Ama AnZo ~mX AmZo dmbm| Ho$ {bE do gaXma {Z`wV
{H$E JE Ama XmoZm| ggmam| H$s AN>mB CZHo$ {bE maY H$s JB &
h_ `h ^r {ddmg aIVo h {H$ ò wXm Ho$ ôOo hE Omo X{Z`m
H$mo ~wamB Ho$ AYH$ma go {ZH$mb H$a ^bmB Ho$ H$me H$s Amoa bmVo aho
h {d{^Z lo{U`m| Ama {d{^Z nXm| na AmgrZ Wo VWm BZ g~ Ho$
gaXma hOaV _wh_X _wV\$m gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Wo, {OZH$mo
Abmh VAmbm Zo AmX_ H$s g_V gVmZ H$m gaXma R>ham`m Ama
H$m\$VwZ {bZmg H$aHo$ ôOm, {OZ na CgZo gnyU kmZ H$Q> {H$E
Ama {OZ H$s CgZo Bg amo~ Ama emZ go ghm`Vm H$s {H$ ~S>o-~S>o
A`mMmar ~mXemh CZHo$ Zm_ H$mo gwZH$a H$mn CR>Vo Wo, {OZHo$ {bE
CgZo gnyU ndr H$mo _pOX ~Zm {X`m `hm VH$ {H$ ndr Ho$ H$moZoH$moZo na CZH$s C_V Zo Cg wXm Ho$ {bE Omo EH$ h CgH$m H$moB
8
^mJrXma Zht gXh {H$`m VWm ndr `m` Ama Bgm\$ go â JB ~mX
BgHo$ {H$ dh A`mMma Ama A`m` go âr hB Wr & h_ {ddmg aIVo
h {H$ `{X nyd-H$mbrZ Z~r ^r Bg H$m{_b Z~r Ho$ g_` _| hmoVo Vmo
Ch| CgHo$ AZwgaU Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB Mmam Z hmoVm Ogm {H$ Abmh
VAmbm \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d BO AObmhmo _rgmH$Z{~`rZm b_m AmV`VmoHw$_ {_Z

{H$Vm{~Z d {hH$_{VZ gw_m OmAmHw$_ agybwZ _wg{Hw$Z {b_m
_mAHw$_ b Vmo{_ZwZm {~hr d bVZgwZh) Ama Ogm {H$ nJ~a
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \$a_m`m h {H$ (bm H$mZm _ygm d Bgm h``Zo b_m d{gAmh_m Bb{m~mB)
`{X _ygm Ama Bgm Or{dV hmoVo Vmo Ch| ^r _oao AZwgaU Ho$ A{V[aV
H$moB Mmam Z Wm &
7. h_ `h ^r {ddmg aIVo h {H$ Abmh VAmbm AnZo ~Xm|
H$s XAmAm| H$mo gwZVm h VWm CZ H$s H${R>ZmB`m| H$mo Xa H$aVm h &
dh EH$ Or{dV wXm h {Og Ho$ OrdZ H$mo _Zw` òH$ `wJ _| Ama
ha g_` _hgyg H$aVm h & CgH$m CXmhaU Cg grT>r H$m Zht {Ogo
Hw$Am ~ZmZo dmbm ~ZmVm h Ama O~ dh Hw$Am nyU hmo OmVm h Vmo
grT>r H$mo VmoS> S>mbVm h {H$ A~ {H$gr H$m_ H$s Zht ahr `h H$m`
_| ~mYm S>mboJr A{nVw Cg H$m CXmhaU Cg H$me H$m h {H$ {Og
Ho$ {~Zm g~ Hw$N> AYH$ma h Ama Cg Am_m H$m h {OgHo$ {~Zm
Mmam| Amoa _mV hr _mV h & CgHo$ ApVd H$mo ~Xm| go nWH$ H$a
Xmo Vmo do EH$ {ZmU eara ah OmVo h & `h Zht h {H$ CgZo H$^r
X{Z`m H$mo CnZ {H$`m Ama A~ Mwn hmoH$a ~R> J`m h A{nVw dh
ha g_` AnZo ~Xm| go g~Y aIVm h VWm CZ H$s {dZ_Vm Ama
{dZrVVm na `mZ XoVm h Ama `{X do Cgo ^yb OmE Vmo dh d`
AnZm ApVd Ch| _aU H$amVm h VWm AnZo {deof agybm| Ho$ mam
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CZ H$mo ~VmVm h {H$-
(BZr H$ar~wZ COr~mo XmdmXmE BOm XAmZo \$b`VOr~y br

db `y{_Zmo ~r bAbh_ àewXZ) _ {ZH$Q> h & òH$ nwH$maZo
dmbo H$s AmdmO H$mo O~ dh _wPo nwH$maVm h gwZVm h & AV: Mm{hE
{H$ do _oar ~mVm| H$mo drH$ma H$a| Ama _wP na B_mZ bmE Vm{H$
nW-XeZ mV hmo &
8. h_ `h ^r {ddmg aIVo h {H$ Abmh VAmbm AnZo A`V
{deof maY (VH$Xra) H$mo X{Z`m _| Omar H$aVm h & CgH$s Amoa go
Ho$db `hr H${V H$m {Z`_ Omar Zht Omo dm^m{dH$ H$mZyZ H$hbmVm
h A{nVw CgHo$ A{V[aV CgH$s EH$ {deof VH$Xra ^r Omar h
{OgHo$ mam dh AnZr epV Ama Vmn H$m H$Q>Z H$aVm h VWm
AnZr Hw$XaV H$mo H$Q> H$aVm h Ama AnZr Hw$XaV H$m n[aM` XoVm
h & `h dhr Hw$XaV h {Og H$m Hw$N> _yI AnZr AkmZVm Ho$ H$maU
BH$ma H$a XoVo h Ama {gdmE dm^m{dH$ H$mZyZ Ho$ Ama {H$gr H$mZyZ
Ho$ ApVd H$mo drH$ma Zht H$aVo VWm Bgo H${V H$m {Z`_ H$hVo
h & `{n dh dm^m{dH$ {Z`_ Vmo H$hbm gH$Vm h naVw H${V H$m
{Z`_ Zht H$hbm gH$Vm, `m|{H$ Bg Ho$ A{V[aV CgHo$ Ama ^r
{Z`_ h {OZ Ho$ mam dh AnZo {ÒZm| H$s ghm`Vm H$aVm h VWm
CZHo$ ewAm| H$mo V~mh H$aVm h & ^bm `{X Eogo H$moB {Z`_ {d_mZ
Z hmoVo Vmo {H$g H$ma g^d Wm {H$ {Z~b Ama H$_Omoa _ygm
{\$aAmZ Ogo A`mMmar ~mXemh na {dO`r hmo OmVm Ama `h AnZo
Aghm` hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX ~wbXr nm OmVm Ama dh AnZr epV Ho$
~mdOyX ~a~mX hmo OmVm & {\$a `{X H$moB Ama {Z`_ Zht Vmo {H$g
H$ma hmo gH$Vm Wm {H$ g_V Aa~ {_bH$a _wh_X agybwbmh
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s V~mhr Ho$ {bE V`ma hmoVm naVw
Abmh VAmbm AmnH$mo òH$ _XmZ _| {dO`r H$aVm VWm ew Ho$ ha
AmH$_U go gwa{jV aIVm Ama AV _| Xg hOma Hw${g`m| Ho$ gmW
10
Amn Cg ndr na MT> AmVo, {Og_| go Ho$db EH$ ~{bXmZ H$aZo dmbo
Ho$ gmW AmnH$mo {ZH$bZm nS>m Wm & `m dm^m{dH$ {Z`_ Eogr
KQ>ZmE VwV H$a gH$Vm h, H$Xm{n Zht & dh {Z`_ Vmo h_| `hr
~VmVm h {H$ N>moQ>r epV loR> epV Ho$ _wH$m~bo na VmoS> Xr OmVr
h VWm òH$ {Z~b g~b Ho$ hmWm| _mam OmVm h &
9. h_ Bg ~mV na ^r {ddmg aIVo h {H$ _`monamV _Zw` {\$a
CR>m`m OmEJm VWm Cg Ho$ H$_m] H$m Cggo {hgm~ {b`m OmEJm & Omo
ew^ H$m` H$aZo dmbm hmoJm Cg go ew^ `dhma {H$`m OmEJm Ama Omo
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ AmXoem| H$mo VmoS>Zo dmbm hmoJm Cgo H$R>moa XS> {X`m
OmEJm & H$moB `wpV Zht Omo _Zw` H$mo Bg CR>mZo go ~Mm gHo$, Mmho
CgHo$ eara H$mo dm`w Ho$ njr `m OJb Ho$ X[aXo ({hgH$ OmZda) Im
OmE, Mmho ndr Ho$ H$sS>o CgHo$ H$U-H$U H$mo nWH$ H$a X| {\$a Ch|
A` ebm| _| n[ad{VV H$a X|, Mmho CgH$s h{>`m VH$ Obm Xr OmE,
dh {\$a ^r CR>m`m OmEJm Ama AnZo Q>m Ho$ g_j {hgm~ XoJm
`m|{H$ CgH$s nyU Hw$XaV Bg ~mV H$s _whVmO Zht {H$ CgH$m nhbm
eara hr {d_mZ hmo V~ hr dh Cgo CnZ H$a gH$Vm h A{nVw _yb
~mV `h h {H$ dh CgHo$ gy_ go gy_ H$U `m $h Ho$ gy_ ^mJ go
^r {\$a Cgo CnZ H$a gH$Vm h Ama hmoJm ^r Bgr H$ma eara {_>r
hmo OmVo h naVw CZHo$ gy_ H$U ZQ> Zht hmoVo Ama Z dh Am_m Omo
_mZd eara _| hmoVr h, wXm H$s Amkm Ho$ {~Zm ZQ> hmo gH$Vr h &
10. h_ {ddmg aIVo h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ BH$mar Ama CgHo$
Y_ Ho$ {damoYr `{X dh CZH$mo AnZr nyU H$nm go j_m Z H$a Xo EH$ Eogo
WmZ na aIo OmEJo {Ogo ZaH$ H$hVo h {Og_| ApZ Ama H$R>mao gXu H$m
H$mon hmoJm, {OgH$m Co` _m H$Q> XoZm Z hmoJm A{nVw CZ _| CZ bmoJm|
Ho$ ^{d` H$m gwYma pQ>JV hmoJm, Cg WmZ na amoZ,o MrIZo, XmV nrgZo
Ho$ A{V[aV CZ Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Z hmoJm, `hm VH$ {H$ dh {XZ Am OmE
O~ Abmh VAmbm H$s X`m Omo òH$ dVw na ^wd aIVr h CZH$mo
T >H$ bo Ama (`mVr Abm OhZ_m O_mZwZ b`gm \$shm AhXZ d Zgr_wg~m
Vwh[aH$mo A~dm~hm) ({H$ ZaH$ na EH$ Eogm g_` ^r AmEJm {H$ Cg_|
Xm'dVwb A_ra
11
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$moB ^r Zht ahoJm VWm mV:H$mb H$s erVb dm`w CgHo$ mam| H$mo
IQ>IQ>m ahr hmoJr (AZwdmXH$) & H$m dm`Xm nyU hmo OmE &
11. h_ `h ^r {ddmg aIVo h {H$ do bmoJ Omo Abmh VAmbm
Ho$ Z{~`m| Ama CgHo$ \$[aVm|, CgH$s {H$Vm~m| na B_mZ bmZo dmbo h
VWm CgHo$ AmXoem| na VZ-_Z go B_mZ bmVo h Ama {dZ_Vm Ama
{dZrVVm Ho$ _mJm] na MbVo h, ~S>o hmoH$a N>moQ>o ~ZVo h, YZdmZ hmoH$a
{ZYZm| H$s ^m{V OrdZ `VrV H$aVo h, Abmh H$s gpQ> H$s godm
H$aVo h, AnZo Amam_ na bmoJm| Ho$ Amam_ H$mo _wIVm XoVo h,
A`mMma, A`m` Ama {ddmgKmV go ~MVo h VWm gXmMmam| H$mo AnZmVo
h, XamMmam| go Xa ahVo h & ò bmoJ EH$ Eogo WmZ na aIo OmEJo {Ogo
dJ H$hVo h {Og_| empV Ama gVmof Ho$ A{V[aV H$Q> Ama gH$Q> H$m
Zm_mo-{ZemZ VH$ Z hmoJm, _Zw` H$mo wXm VAmbm H$s gZVm mV
hmoJr VWm CgH$m XeZ Cgo mV hmoJm, dh CgH$s X`m H$s MmXa _|
bnoQ>m OmEJm Cgo Eogm gm{Z` mV hmoJm {H$ Ogo CgH$m XnU hmo
OmEJm VWm Cg_| wXmB {deofVmE nyU $n go H$Q> hm|Jr, CgH$s
g_V VwN> BN>mE g_mV hmo OmEJr, CgH$s BN>m wXm H$s BN>m hmo
OmEJr Ama dh AZda OrdZ mV H$aHo$ wXm H$m moVH$ hmo OmEJm &
ò h_mar AmWmE h & BZHo$ A{V[aV h_ Zht OmZVo {H$ Bbm_
_| gp_{bV H$aZo dmbr AmWmE `m h & Bbm_ Ho$ g_V B_m_ Bht
~mVm| H$mo Bbm_ H$s AmWmE R>hamVo Mbo AmE h Ama Bg _m_bo _|
h_ CZgo nyU $n go gh_V h &
A` bmoJm| go h_mam _VôX

H$Xm{MV _m`da AmM` M{H$V hm| {H$ O~ h_ bmoJ g_V
Bbm_r AmWmAm| H$mo _mZVo h Vmo {\$a h_ _| Ama A` bmoJm| _| `m
_VôX h VWm Hw$N> {dmZm| H$mo h_mao {d BVZr CmoOZm Ama of `m|
h Ama do `m| h_ na Hw$\$ H$m \$dm bJmVo h ? AV: ho d^dembr
A_ra ! Abmh VAmbm Amn H$mo ggma H$s ~wamB`m| go gwa{jV aIo VWm
Amn Ho$ {bE AnZr AZwH$nm Ho$ ma Imob Xo & A~ _ CZ Amamonm| H$m
12
dUZ H$aVm h Omo h_ na {H$E OmVo h Ama {OZHo$ H$maU h_| Bbm_
go ~mha ~Vm`m OmVm h &
1. h_mao {damo{Y`m| H$m g~ go nhbm Amamon Vmo h_ na `h h {H$
h_ hOaV _grh Zm{gar Ab{hgbm_ H$mo _`w-mV _mZVo h Ama
H$hm OmVm h {H$ Bg H$ma h_ hOaV _grh H$m AZmXa H$aVo h, H $w AmZ
H$ar_ H$mo PwR>bmVo h Ama agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
\$gbo H$m IS>Z H$aVo h, naVw `{n {H$ `h ~mV Vmo {~Hw$b g` h
{H$ h_ hOaV _grh Zm{gar Ab{hgbm_ H$mo _`w-mV _mZVo h naVw
`h C{MV Zht {H$ h_ Bg H$ma _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$m AZmXa H$aVo h
Ama H $w AmZ H$ar_ H$mo PwR>bmVo h VWm agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ \ $ gbo H$m IS>Z H$aVo h, `m|{H$ h_ {OVZm {dMma H$aVo h
h_| `hr kmV hmoVm h {H$ h_ na ò Amamon _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$mo
dJdmgr _mZZo go Amamo{nV Zht hmoVo A{nVw BgHo$ {dnarV `{X h_ CZH$mo
Or{dV _mZ| V~ ò Amamon h_ na bJ gH$Vo h &
h_ bmoJ _wgb_mZ h Ama _wgb_mZ hmoZo H$s pQ> go h_mam
gdW_ {dMma Abmh VAmbm H$s loR>Vm Ama CgHo$ agyb (gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_) Ho$ g_mZ H$s Amoa OmVm h Ama `{n h_ g_V
agybm| H$mo _mZVo h, naVw h_mam o_ Ama dm{^_mZ dm^m{dH$ Vma na
Cg Z~r (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Omoe _| AmVm
h {OgZo h_mao {bE d` H$mo H$Q> _| S>mbm Ama h_mao ^mam| H$mo hH$m
H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZo ga na ^ma CR>m`m, h_| _aVm hAm XoI H$a CgZo
BVZm emoH$ {H$`m {H$ Ogo d` AnZo D$na _mV bo br, h_| gwI
nhMmZo Ho$ {bE ha H$ma Ho$ gwIm| H$m n[a`mJ {H$`m, h_| D$na CR>mZo
Ho$ {bE d` ZrMo PwH$m, CgHo$ {XZ h_mar ^bmB H$s {MVm _| `VrV
hE, CgH$s amV| h_mao {bE OmJVo hE H$Q>t `hm VH$ {H$ IS>o-IS>o CgHo$
na gyO OmVo Ama d` {Znmn hmoVo hE h_mao nmnm| H$mo Xa H$aZo Ho$
{bE VWm h_| H$mon go ~MmZo Ho$ {bE CgZo BVZm XZ {H$`m {H$
CgH$s gXhJmh (gXh H$aZo H$m WmZ) ^rJ JB VWm Cg H$s AmVm
h_mao {bE BVZr ~T> JB {H$ CgHo$ grZo H$s AmdmO C~bVr hB hmS>r
go ^r A{YH$ ~T> JB &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
13
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CgZo wXm VAmbm H$s H$Um H$mo h_mao {bE ItMm Ama CgH$s
gZVm H$mo h_mao {bE Am_gmV {H$`m, CgH$s AZwH$nm H$s MmXa h_|
CT>mB VWm CgH$s H$nm H$m {b~mg h_mao H$Ym| na S>mb {X`m Ama
CgHo$ {_bZ Ho$ _mJ h_mao {bE Vbme {H$E Ama Cggo EH$Vm H$m
Cnm` h_mao {bE ImoO {ZH$mbm VWm h_mao {bE do gwJ_VmE CnbY
H$amB {H$ Cg go nyd {H$gr Z~r Zo AnZr C_V Ho$ {bE CnbY Zht
H$amB Wt &
h_| Hw$\$ Ho$ g~moYZ A`V ^bo _mby_ hmoVo h BgH$s Anojm
{H$ h_ AnZo Q>m Ama {VnmbH$, AnZo OrdZXmVm, AnZo gwajH$,
AZXmVm, AnZo kmZXmVm, AnZo nW-XeH$ wXm Ho$ g_mZ nX _grh
Zm{gar H$mo X| Ama `h gmoM| {H$ {Og H$ma dh AmH$mem| na {~Zm
ImZo-nrZo Ho$ Or{dV h _grh Zm{gar ^r _mZdr` Amd`H$VmE nyU
{H$E {~Zm AmH$me na Or{dV ~R>m h & h_ _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$m
AmXa H$aVo h naVw Ho$db Bg{bE {H$ dh h_mao wXm H$m Z~r h,
h_ Cg go o_ H$aVo h naVw Ho$db Bg{bE {H$ wXm go Cgo o_
Wm & Cg go h_mam gmam g~Y wXm Ho$ _m`_ go h {\$a {H$g
H$ma hmo gH$Vm h {H$ Cg Ho$ {bE h_ AnZo wXm H$m An_mZ H$a|
VWm CgHo$ CnH$mam| H$mo ^wbm X| Ama _grhr nmX[a`m| H$s Omo Bbm_
Ama Hw$AmZ Ho$ ew h ghm`Vm H$a| VWm CZH$mo `h H$hZo H$m Adga
XmZ H$a| {H$ XoImo dh Omo Or{dV AmH$me na ~R>m h `m dh wXm
Zht & `{X dh _Zw` hmoVm Vmo `m| eof _Zw`m| H$s ^m{V _a Z
OmVm & h_ AnZo _wI go {H$g H$ma wXm Ho$ AVdmX na AmH$_U
H$a| VWm AnZo hmW go `m|H$a CgHo$ Y_ na Vbdma aI X| & Bg `wJ
Ho$ _mbdr Ama {dmZ h_| Omo Mmh| H$h| Ama {Og H$ma Mmh| h_ go
`dhma H$a| Ama H$admE, Mmho h_| \$mgr X|, Mmho nWam| go _ma
S>mb|, h_ go Vmo _grh Ho$ {bE wXm Zht N>moS>m Om gH$Vm & h_ Cg
jU go _`w H$mo hOma loUr Cm_ g_PVo h O~ h_mar Or^| `h
Hw$\$ H$m dm` H$h| {H$ h_mao wXm Ho$ gmW dh ^r Or{dV ~R>o h
{Ogo _grhr wXm H$m ~oQ>m H$h H$a h_oem H$m`_ ahZo dmbo wXm H$m
An_mZ H$aVo h & `{X h_| kmZ Z hmoVm Vmo {ZgXoh h_ Eogr ~mV
14
H$h gH$Vo Wo, naVw O~ wXm Ho$ ôOo hE Zo h_mar AmI| Imob Xt
Ama CgH$m AVdmX, CgH$m Vmn, CgH$m d^d, CgH$s _hmZVm,
CgH$s Hw$XaV Ho$ nX H$mo h_mao {bE H$Q> H$a {X`m Vmo A~ Mmho Hw$N>
^r hmo h_ Abmh VAmbm H$mo `mJ H$a {H$gr _Zw` H$mo Zht AnZm
gH$Vo Ama `{X h_ Eogm H$a| Vmo h_ Zht OmZVo {H$ h_mam {R>H$mZm
H$hm hmoJm, `m|{H$ g~ g_mZ VWm g~ lo{U`m Cgr H$s Amoa go h &
h_| O~ nQ> {XImB XoVm h {H$ _grh Ho$ Or{dV ahZo _| h_mao wXm
H$m An_mZ h Vmo h_ Bg AmWm H$mo `m|H$a C{MV drH$ma H$a b| &
`{n `h ~mV h_mar g_P go ~mha h {H$ `m| _grh H$s _`w
_mZZo go CgH$m An_mZ hmo OmVm h & O~ Cg go loR> loUr Ho$ Z~r
_`w H$mo mV hmo JE, CZH$m An_mZ Zht hAm Vmo _grh
Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w hmo OmZo go CZH$m AZmXa {H$g H$ma hmo
OmEJm, naVw h_ H$hVo h {H$ `{X {H$gr g_` h_| Bg ~mV go Mmam
Z hmo {H$ wXm VAmbm H$m An_mZ H$a| `m _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$m,
Vmo h_ gZVmnydH$ Bg AmWm H$mo drH$ma H$a b|Jo {Og go _grh
Ab{hgbm_ H$m An_mZ hmoVm hmo, naVw h_ CgH$mo H$Xm{n drH$ma
Zht H$a|Jo {Og_| wXm VAmbm H$m An_mZ hmoVm hmo Ama h_ {ddmg
aIVo h {H$ _grh Ab{hgbm_ ^r Omo Abmh VAmbm Ho$ o{_`m| _|
go Wo H$^r ghZ Z H$a|Jo {H$ CZH$m g_mZ Vmo Wm{nV {H$`m OmE
Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$ AVdmX H$mo AmKmV nhMm`m OmE &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(b`VZ{H$\$b _grhm A`Hy$Zm AXZ {bbmho dbb

_bmBH$Vwb _wH$a~yZ) h_ wXm Ho$ H$bm_ H$mo H$hm bo OmE Ama {Og
_wI go -
(d Hw$Vmo Ab`{h_ ehrXZ _m X_Vmo \$s{h_ \$b_m

Vd\$`VZr Hw$Vm AVaH$s~m Ab`{h_ d AVm Abm Hw$bo e`BZ
ehrX) H$s Am`V nT>| {Og _| Abmh VAmbm Zo d` hOaV _grh
15
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Zm{gar Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ _wI go dUZ H$adm`m h {H$ _grhr bmoJ hOaV
_grh Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w Ho$ CnamV {~JS>o h, CZHo$ OrdZ _| do
AnZo gMo Y_ na H$m`_ aho h, Cgr _wI go `h H$ho {H$ hOaV
_grh Ab{hgbm_ Or{dV AmH$me na ~R>o h & h_ wXm VAmbm Ho$
H$bm_ -
(`m Bgm BZr _wVd\$rH$m d am{\$AmoH$m Bb`m d _wV{hhamoH$m

{_ZbOrZm H$\$$ d OmBbwOrZmdD$H$m \$mH$bOrZm H$\$$ Bbm
`m{_b {H$`m_Vo) H$mo {H$g H$ma AZXoIm H$a X|, {Og go kmV hmoVm
h {H$ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$m a\$Am CZH$s _`w Ho$ CnamV
hAm & {ZgXoh do Omo wXm VAmbm go A{YH$ gwJ_ Ama gab ^mfm
OmZZo Ho$ XmdoXma h H$h X| {H$ CgZo _wVd\$sH$m H$mo Omo hOaV _grh
Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w H$s gyMZm XoVm h nhbo dUZ H$a {X`m h &
dmVd _| am{\$AmoH$m nhbo Mm{hE Wm, naVw h_ Vmo Abmh VAmbm Ho$
H$bm_ H$mo g_V H$bm_m| go A{YH$ gwJ_ OmZVo h Ama ha JbVr go
n{d g_PVo h & h_ gpQ> (_byH$) hmoH$a AnZo Q>m H$s Jb{V`m
`m|H$a {ZH$mb| Ama _yI hmoH$a kmZr H$mo nmR> `m|H$a nT>mE & h_ go
H$hm OmVm h {H$ Vw_ `h H$hmo {H$ wXm Ho$ H$bm_ _| JbVr hmo JB
naVw `h Z H$hmo {H$ d` h_ go wXm H$m H$bm_ g_PZo _| JbVr hmo
JB, naVw h_ Bg nam_e H$mo {H$g H$ma drH$ma H$a b| {H$ Bg_| h_|
nQ> ~a~mXr {XImB XoVr h & AmI| hmoVo hE h_ Jo _| {H$g H$ma
{Ja OmE Ama hmW hmoVo hE h_ {df Ho$ `mbo H$mo AnZo _wI go `m| Z
hQ>mE &
wXm VAmbm Ho$ nMmV h_| mV_wbA{~`m _wh_X _wV\$m
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go o_ h Ama `m Bg pQ> go {H$
wXm VAmbm Zo CZ H$mo g_V Z{~`m| go loR> loUr XmZ H$s h Ama
`m Bg pQ> go {H$ h_| Omo Hw$N> mV hAm h Ama Omo Hw$N> AmnZo
h_mao {bE {H$`m h CgH$m Xgdm ^mJ ^r Ama {H$gr _Zw` Zo Mmho
16
Z~r hmo `m Z~r Z hmo, h_mao {bE Zht {H$`m & h_ Amn go A{YH$
{H$gr A` `pV H$mo g_mZ Zht Xo gH$Vo & h_mao {bE `h ~mV
g_PZm {~Hw$b Ag^d h {H$ hOaV _grh Zm{gar Ab{hgbm_ H$mo
Or{dV AmH$me na MT>m X| Ama _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$mo ndr Ho$ ZrMo XZ {H$`m hAm g_P| Ama {\$a gmW hr
`h ^r {ddmg aI| {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) _grh(A) go loR>V_ ^r h &
{H$g H$ma g^d h {H$ dh {Ogo Abmh VAmbm Zo V{ZH$ gm Vam
XoI H$a AmH$me na CR>m {b`m {ZZ loUr H$m hmo Ama dh {Og H$m
Xa-Xa VH$ ewAm| Zo nrN>m {H$`m naVw wXm VAmbm Zo Cgo {gVmam| VH$
^r Z CR>m`m loR>V_ hmo & `{X dmVd _| _grh Ab{hgbm_
AmH$me na h VWm h_mao gaXma Ama dm_r ndr _| XZ h Vmo h_mao
{bE Bg go ~T>H$a Ama H$moB _`w Zht Ama h_ _gr{h`m| H$mo _wI ^r
Zht {XIm gH$Vo, naVw Zht `h ~mV Zht, wXm VAmbm AnZo n{d
agyb (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) go `h `dhma Zht H$a gH$Vm &
dh g~ `m` H$aZo dmbm| go Cm_ `m` H$aZo dmbm h & `h `m|H$a
g^d Wm {H$ dh AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo g_V {dd
Ho$ bmoJm| H$m gaXma ^r ~ZmVm Ama {\$a _grh Ab{hgbm_ go
A{YH$ o_ H$aVm Ama CZ Ho$ H$Q>m| H$m A{YH$ `mZ aIVm & O~
CgZo _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ g_mZ H$mo
Wm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ ggma H$mo AV-`V H$a {X`m Ama {OgZo
Amn H$m V{ZH$ ^r An_mZ H$aZm Mmhm Cgo An_m{ZV H$a {X`m, Vmo
`m `h hmo gH$Vm Wm {H$ dh d` AnZo hmW go Amn (g.A.d.) H$s
emZ H$mo {JamVm Ama ew H$mo Amamon H$m Adga XoVm & _ Vmo O~ `h
{dMma ^r H$aVm h {H$ _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Vmo ndr Ho$ ZrMo XZ h Ama hOaV _grh Zm{gar AmH$me na Or{dV
~R>o h Vmo _oao eara Ho$ am|JQ>o IS>o hmo OmVo h Ama _oao mU KQ>Zo bJVo
h VWm Cgr g_` _oam X` nwH$ma CR>Vm h {H$ wXm VAmbm Eogm Zht
H$a gH$Vm & dh _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go
gdm{YH$ o_ H$aZo dmbm Wm dh Bg ~mV H$mo H$Xm{n ngX Zht H$a
gH$Vm Wm {H$ Amn Vmo _`w mV H$aHo$ ndr Ho$ ZrMo XZ hm| Ama
Xm'dVwb A_ra
17
Xm'dVwb A_ra
hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ Or{dV ah H$a AmH$me na Om ~R>| & `{X
H$moB _Zw` Or{dV ahZo Ama AmH$me na Om ~R>Zo H$m nm Wm Vmo dh
h_mao Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Wo Ama `{X dh _`w H$mo
mV H$a MwHo$ h Vmo g_V Z~r _`w H$mo mV hmo MwHo$ h & h_
_wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$r _hmZ {VR>m
Ama Amn Ho$ CMV_ nX H$mo XoIVo Ama nX H$mo nhMmZVo hE {H$g
H$ma drH$ma H$a b| {H$ O~ dmg (dXoe `mJ) Ho$ {XZ gma ndV
H$s D$Mr M>mZm| na hOaV A~y ~H$a(a{O.) Ho$ H$Ym| na na aI H$a
Amn (g.A.d.) H$mo MT>Zm nS>m Vmo wXm VAmbm Zo H$moB \$[aVm AmnHo$
{bE Zht CVmam, naVw O~ _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$mo `hXr nH$S>Zo AmE
Vmo CgZo VwaV AmnH$mo AmH$me na CR>m {b`m Ama MmWo AmH$me na
AmnH$mo WmZ {X`m & Bgr H$ma h_ `m|H$a drH$ma H$a b| {H$ O~
"ChX' Ho$ `w _| AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo ewAm| Zo
Ho$db Hw$N> gm{W`m| _| {Kam nm`m h Vmo Cg g_` Vmo Abmh VAmbm
Zo `h Z {H$`m {H$ Amn H$mo Hw$N> Xoa Ho$ {bE AmH$me na CR>m boVm
Ama {H$gr ew H$s AmH${V Amn (g.A.d.) H$s AmH${V _| n[ad{VV
H$aHo$ CgHo$ XmV VwS>dm XoVm, A{nVw CgZo Amkm Xr {H$ ew Amn na
AmH$_UH$mar hmo & Amn ed H$s ^m{V AMoV hmoH$a ndr na Om nS>|
Ama ew Iwer Ho$ CXKmof H$ao {H$ h_Zo _wh_X agybwbmh H$m dY
H$a {X`m h, naVw _grh Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ g~Y _| Cgo `h ~mV
ngX Z AmB {H$ CZ H$mo H$moB H$Q> hmo VWm `m| hr `hX Zo Amn
na AmH$_U H$aZo H$m BamXm {H$`m, CgZo Amn H$mo AmH$me H$s Amoa
CR>m {b`m Ama Amn Ho$ WmZ na AmnHo$ {H$gr ew H$mo Amn H$s eb
_| n[ad{VV H$aHo$ gbr~ na bQ>H$dm {X`m &
h_ AmM`M{H$V h {H$ bmoJm| H$mo `m hmo J`m {H$ EH$ Amoa Vmo
AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go o_ H$m Xmdm H$aVo h Ama
Xgar Amoa AmnHo$ g_mZ na hma H$aVo h, {\$a Bgr na gVwQ> Zht
hmoVo A{nVw Omo bmoJ AmnHo$ o_ go {dde hmoH$a Amn (g.A.d.) na
{H$gr H$mo loR>Vm XoZo go BH$ma H$a XoVo h, CZ H$mo H$Q> XoVo h, CZHo$
Bg H$m` H$mo Hw$\$ R>hamVo h & `m Hw$\$ _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo
18
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ g_mZ H$mo Wm{nV H$aZo H$m Zm_ h, `m AY_
AmnH$r dmV{dH$ nX Ho$ BH$ama H$aZo H$m Zm_ h, `m Y_ go {d_wI
hmoZm Amn go o_ H$mo H$hVo h ? `{X `hr Hw$\$ h Vmo wXm H$s gmJY
h_ Bg Hw$\$ H$mo bmoJm| Ho$ B_mZ go Ama Bg AY_ H$mo bmoJm| H$s
Ym{_H$Vm go Ama Bg Y_ go {d_wI hmoZo H$mo bmoJm| Ho$ Wm{`d go hOma
XO} A{YH$ AN>m g_PVo h VWm AnZo dm_r Ama noedm hOaV {_Om
Jwbm_ Ah_X _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ gmW gh_V hmoH$a ^gZm
H$m ^` {H$E {~Zm Bg ~mV H$s KmofUm H$aVo h {H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
~mX AO wXm ~ BHo$ _wh_X _w_a_,

Ja Hw$\$ B ~wdX ~wXm gV H$m{\$a_ &
(AZwdmX :- _ wXm Ho$ ~mX _wh_X Ho$ o_ _| _Xmo_V (Zeo _|
Mya) ahVm h Ama `{X `h Hw$\$ h Vmo wXm H$s gmJY _ gV H$m{\$a
h & AZwdmXH$)
g~ H$mo AVV: EH$ {XZ _aZm h Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$ gm_Zo
VwV hmoZm h Ama Cgr Ho$ gmW _m_bm nS>Zm h {\$a h_ bmoJm| go `m|
^`^rV hm| ? bmoJ h_mam `m {~JmS> gH$Vo h, h_ Abmh VAmbm hr
go S>aVo h Ama Cgr go o_ H$aVo h Ama BgHo$ nMmV gdm{YH$ o_
Ama AmXa h_mao X` _| AmhO
aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m h &
`{X Amn Ho$ {bE ggma Ho$ gmao g_mZ Ama ggma Ho$ gmao g~Y Ama
ggma Ho$ g_V Amam_ `mJZo nS>| Vmo `h h_mao {bE AmgmZ h, naVw
Amn H$m An_mZ h_ ghZ Zht H$a gH$Vo & h_ Xgao Z{~`m| H$m
An_mZ Zht H$aVo, naVw AmhOaV (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) H$s
n{d epV Ama Amn Ho$ kmZ Ama Amn Ho$ Ba\$mZ (~kmZ) Ama
AmnHo$ wXm VAmbm go g~Y H$r pQ> go h_ `h H$^r ^r drH$ma Zht
H$a gH$Vo {H$ AmnH$s Anojm {H$gr A` Z~r go Abmh VAmbm H$mo
A{YH$ o_ Wm Ama `{X h_ Eogm H$a| Vmo h_ go A{YH$ XS>Zr` A`
H$moB Zht hmoJm & h_ AmI| aIVo hE Bg ~mV H$mo H$go drH$ma H$a b|
{H$ Aa~ Ho$ bmoJ O~ _wh_X agybw bmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go
H$h| {H$
(Am
19
Xm'dVwb A_ra
VaH$m {\$g_mE d bZ Zmo{_Zm {b{H$òH$m hmm VwZpObm
Ab`Zm {H$Vm~Z ZH$aAmoh) AWmV h_ VwPo Zht _mZ|Jo O~ VH$ {H$
Vy AmH$me na Z MT> OmE Ama h_ Voao AmH$me na MT>Zo H$m {ddmg
Zht H$a|Jo, O~ VH$ {H$ Vy H$moB {H$Vm~ ^r AmH$me na go Z bmE,
{Ogo h_ nT>| & Vmo Abmh VAmbm Amn (g.A.d.) go H$ho {H$
(Hw$b gwhmZm a~r hb Hw$Vmo Bbm
~eaZ agybZ) Vy CZ go H$h Xo {H$ _oam a~ òH$ H$_Omoar go n{d
h _ Vmo Ho$db EH$ _Zw` agyb h, naVw hOaV _grh H$mo dh AmH$me
na CR>m H$a bo OmE, O~ _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$m Z AmE Vmo Bgm{Z`V H$mo AmH$me na MT>Zo Ho$ {d
~Vm`m OmE, naVw O~ _grh H$m Z AmE Vmo AH$maU CZH$mo AmH$me
na bo Om`m OmE & `m Bg go `h n[aUm_ Z {ZH$boJm {H$ _grh
Ab{hgbm_ _Zw` Zht Wo A{nVw wXm Wo & Eogr ~mV go h_ Abmh
H$s eaU MmhVo h `m {\$a `h n[aUm_ {ZH$boJm {H$ Amn agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go loR>V_ Wo VWm Abmh VAmbm H$mo
A{YH$ {` Wo, naVw O~ {H$ `h ~mV gy` go ^r A{YH$ H$Q> h {H$
AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ g~ agybm| Ama g_V Z{~`m| go
loR>V_ h Vmo {\$a ~w{ {H$g H$ma drH$ma H$a gH$Vr h {H$ Amn Vmo
AmH$me na Z OmE A{nVw Bgr ndr na _`w nmE Ama ndr Ho$ ZrMo
XZ hm|, naVw _grh Ab{hgbm_ AmH$me na Mbo OmE Ama hOmam|
df VH$ Or{dV ah| &
{\$a `h Z Ho$db dm{^_mZ H$m hr Zht A{nVw agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gMmB H$m ^r Z h & Amn
(g.A.d.) \$a_mVo h {H$ (bm H$mZm _ygm d Bgm h``Zo b_m d{gAmh_m Bb{m~mB)
AWmV `{X _ygm VWm Bgm Or{dV hmoVo Vmo _oao AZwgaU Ho$ A{V[aV
CZH$mo H$moB Mmam Z Wm & `{X hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Or{dV h Vmo
{\$a Amn H$m `h H$WZ "ZmD$Ow{~bmh' Ag` hmo OmVm h `m|{H$ Amn
"bm H$mZm' H$h H$a Ama _ygm(A) Ho$ gmW Bgm(A) H$mo {_bmH$a XmoZm|
20
Z{~`m| H$s _`w H$s gyMZm XoVo h & AV: Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$s gm` Ho$ nMmV {H$g H$ma H$moB `pV Amn H$m C_Vr
H$hbm H$a `h {ddmg aI gH$Vm h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_
Or{dV h & `{X dh Or{dV h Vmo AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$s gMmB Ama Amn(A) Ho$ kmZ na Amamon AmVm h, `m|{H$ Amn
Vmo CZH$mo _`w mV R>hamVo h &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go `h ^r ~`mZ {H$`m
J`m h {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) Zo Cg ~r_mar _| {Og _| Amn dJdmgr
hE hOaV \$m{V_m(a{O.) go \$a_m`m {H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
(BZm {O~rbm H$mZm `wAm[aOmo{ZbHw$AmZm \$s Hw$bo Am{_Z

_aVZ d BZh AmaO{Zb Hw$AmZb Am_m _aV`Zo d A~aZr BZh
b_ `Hw$Z Z{~`wZ Bbm Amem {Z\$bOr H$bh d A~aZr
AZm BgZm _a`_m Amem BlrZm d {_AVm gZ{VZ dbm AamZr
Bbm Om{h~Z Abm am{gpgmrZ) AWmV {O~mBb òH$ df _wPo EH$
~ma Hw$AmZ gwZmVo Wo naVw Bg ~ma Xmo ~ma gwZm`m h VWm Chm|Zo _wPo
gyMZm Xr h {H$ H$moB Z~r Zht JwOam {H$ {OgH$s Am`w nyd Z~r go
AmYr Z hB hmo Ama Chm|Zo _wPo `h ^r gyMZm Xr h {H$ Bgm BZo
_a`_ EH$ gm ~rg df H$s Am`w VH$ Or{dV aho Wo & AV: _ g_PVm
h {H$ _oar Am`w gmR> df Ho$ bJ^J hmoJr& Bg ~`mZ H$m {df` Bhm_r
h, `m|{H$ Bg_| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ AnZr Amoa go
H$moB ~mV dUZ Zht H$aVo A{nVw {O~mBb Ab{hgbm_ H$s ~VmB hB
~mV ~VmVo h Omo `h h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s Am`w EH$ gm
~rg df H$s Wr & AV: bmoJm| H$m `h {dMma {H$ Amn ~mrg-V|Vrg
df H$s Am`w _| AmH$me na CR>mE JE Wo JbV hAm, `m|{H$ `{X hOaV
21
Xm'dVwb A_ra
_grh(A) Bg Am`w _| AmH$me na CR>mE JE Wo Vmo Amn H$r Am`w EH$
gm ~rg df Ho$ WmZ na agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
`wJ VH$ bJ^J N>: gm df ~ZVr h & Bg pW{V _| Mm{hE Wm {H$
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$_ go H$_ VrZ gm df VH$
Am`w nmVo, naVw AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m {VaogR> df
H$s Am`w _| _`w H$mo mV hmo OmZm Ama Bhm_ Ho$ Vma na Amn H$mo
~Vm`m OmZm {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ EH$ gm ~rg df H$s Am`w _|
_`w H$mo mV hmo JE, {g H$aVm h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$m
OrdZ Ama AmH$me na Amn H$m ~R>m hmoZm agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$s {ejm Ho$ gamga {d h VWm Amn Ho$ Bhm_ Cg
H$m IS>Z H$aVo h & O~ dmV{dH$Vm `h h Vmo h_ bmoJ {H$gr Ho$
H$hZo go {H$g H$ma hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ Or{dV hmoZo H$mo
drH$ma H$a gH$Vo h VWm AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo
N>moS> gH$Vo h &
H$hm OmVm h {H$ `h g_`m Voah gm df H$s Ad{Y _| Ho$db
BZ na hr H$Q> hB h VWm nyd ~wOwJ Bg go n[a{MV Ama AdJV Z
Wo, naVw IoX {H$ Eo{VamO H$aZo dmbm AnZr pQ> H$mo Ho$db EH$
{deof {dMma Ho$ bmoJm| VH$ gr{_V H$aHo$ CgH$m Zm_ gd_m` aI boVo
h Ama `hr Zht XoIVo {H$ Bbm_ Ho$ nhbo {dmZ d` ghm~m*(a{O.)
h Ama CZHo$ nMmV CZ Ho$ {dmZm| H$m {gb{gbm {ZVmV {demb
hmoVm hAm g_V ggma _| \$b J`m h & ghm~m(a{O.) H$mo O~ h_
XoIVo h Vmo do gdg_{V go h_mao {dMma go gh_V h Ama `h hmo
^r H$~ gH$Vm Wm {H$ do agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
A`V o_r Amn H$s {VR>m H$mo n{VV H$aZo dmbr AmWm H$mo EH$
jU Ho$ {bE ^r drH$ma H$aVo & do Bg g~Y _| h_ go gh_V hr
Zht h A{nVw agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s _`monamV
g~ go W_ B_mA (gd g_{V) hr Bg g_`m na {H$`m h {H$
hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ _`w H$mo mV hmo MwHo$ h & AV: hXrg Ama
* Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ AZw`m`r _wgb_mZ {Ohm|Zo AmnH$mo
XoIm hmo - AZwdmXH$
22
B{Vhmg H$s {H$Vm~m| _| `h ~`mZ {bIm hAm h {H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s _`w H$m ghm~m(a{O.) na BVZm ^md
hAm {H$ do K~am JE Ama Hw$N> go Vmo ~mobm ^r Z OmVm Wm Ama
Hw$N> go Mbm ^r Z OmVm Wm, Hw$N> AnZo hmoe Ama ~w{ H$mo H$m~y _|
Z aI gHo$ Ama Hw$N> na Vmo Bg AmKmV H$m BVZm ^md nS>m {H$ do
Hw$N> hr {XZm| _| Kwb-Kwb H$a _`w H$mo mV hmo JE & hOaV
C_a(a{O.) na Bg AmKmV H$m BVZm ^md hAm {H$ Amn Zo hOya
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s _`w H$s gyMZm H$mo drH$ma hr Z
{H$`m Ama Vbdma boH$a IS>o hmo JE Ama H$hm {H$ `{X H$moB `pV
`h H$hoJm {H$ agyb H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m {ZYZ hmo
J`m h Vmo _ CgH$s h`m H$a XJm & Amn g.A.d. Vmo _ygm
Ab{hgbm_ H$s ^m{V ~wbmE JE h & {Og H$ma dh Mmbrg {XZm|
Ho$ nMmV dmng Am JE Wo Bgr H$ma Amn g.A.d. Hw$N> g_` Ho$
nMmV dm{ng nYma|Jo Ama Omo bmoJ Amn g.A.d. na Amamon bJmZo
dmbo h Ama `dmXr h CZH$m dY H$a|Jo Ama gybr X|Jo & Amn(A) BVZo
Omoe go AnZo Xmdo na AS>o hE Wo {H$ ghm~m _| go {H$gr H$mo gmhg
Z hAm {H$ Amn H$s ~mV H$m IS>Z H$aVm Ama AmnHo$ Bg Omoe H$mo
XoIH$a Hw$N> bmoJm| H$mo Vmo `h {ddmg hmo J`m {H$ `hr ~mV C{MV
h & AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s _`w Zht hB VWm CZ
Ho$ _wI-_S>bm| na gZVm Ho$ bjU H$Q> hmoZo go Chm|Zo ga CR>m
{bE & Bg pW{V H$mo XoIH$a Hw$N> XaXeu ghm~m Zo EH$ ghm~r H$mo
XmS>m`m {H$ dh hOaV A~y ~H$a(a{O.) H$mo Omo Bg H$maU {H$ _` _|
AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s V{~`V Hw$N> g^b JB Wr
Amn (g.A.d.) H$s Amkm go _XrZm Ho$ nmg hr EH$ Jmd H$s Amoa JE
hE Wo, erK bo AmE & dh Mbo hr Wo {H$ hOaV A~y ~H$a(a{O.) CZ
H$mo {_b JE, CZ H$mo XoIVo hr CZ H$s AmIm| go Amgy Omar hmo JE
VWm amoZo Ho$ CoJ H$mo amoH$ Z gHo$ & hOaV A~y ~H$a(a{O.) g_P JE
{H$ `m _m_bm h & CZ ghm~r go nyN>m {H$ `m agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ _`w H$mo mV hmo JE h & Chm|Zo Cma
{X`m {H$ hOaV C_a(a{O.) H$hVo h {H$ Omo `pV H$hoJm {H$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
23
Xm'dVwb A_ra
agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ _`w H$mo mV hmo JE h _
CgH$s JXZ Vbdma go CS>m XJm & Bg na Amn(a{O.) AmhOaV
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ Ka JE, Amn Ho$ _w~maH$ eara na Omo
MmXa nS>r Wr, Cgo hQ>mH$a XoIm VWm _mby_ {H$`m {H$ Amn
(g.A.d.) H$s dmVd _| _`w hmo MwH$s h & AnZo {`V_ Ho$ {d`moJ
Ho$ AmKmV go CZHo$ Amgy Omar hmo JE Ama ZrMo PwH$ H$a Amn Ho$
_VH$ na Mw~Z {X`m Ama H$hm {H$ wXm H$s gmJY wXm VAmbm
VwP na Xmo _mV| EH$ Zht H$aoJm & Voar _`w go ggma H$mo dh j{V
nhMr h Omo {H$gr Z~r H$s _`w go Zht nhMr Wr, Voam ApVd
dUZ go loR> Ama Voar {VR>m dh h {H$ H$moB emoH$ Voao {d`moJ Ho$
AmKmV H$mo H$_ Zht H$a gH$Vm & `{X Voar _`w H$m amoH$Zm h_mar
epV _| hmoVm Vmo h_ g~ AnZo mU XoH$a Voar _`w H$mo amoH$ XoVo &
`h H$h H$m H$nS>m {\$a AmnHo$ D$na S>mb {X`m Ama Cg WmZ H$s
Amoa AmE Ohm hOaV C_a(a{O.) ghm~m H$m Koam ~ZmE ~R>o Wo Ama CZ go
H$h aho Wo {H$ AmhO aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m {ZYZ Zht hAm
A{nVw Or{dV h & dhm AmH$a AmnZo hOaV C_a a{O, go H$hm Amn
V{ZH$ Mwn hmo OmE, naVw Chm|Zo CZ H$s ~mV Z _mZr VWm AnZr ~mV
H$aVo aho & Bg na hOaV A~y ~H$a(a{O.) Zo EH$ Amoa hmoH$a bmoJm| go
H$hZm ma^ {H$`m {H$ agybw bmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s dmVd
_| _`w hmo MwH$s h & AmXaUr` ghm~m(a{O.) hOaV C_a(a{O.) H$mo N>mSo >H$a
Amn Ho$ BX-{JX EH$ hmo JE Ama AVV: hOaV C_a(a{O.) H$mo ^r Amn
H$s ~mV gwZZm nS>r & Amn (a{O`bmhmo Ahmo) Zo \ $a_m`m -
(d_m _wh_XZ Bbm agyb H$X bV {_Z H$pb{hgwb

A\$Bp_mVm Am Hw${VbH$b~Vw_ Abm Am'H$m~oHw$_)
24
(`m A`hZmgmo _Z H$mZm `m~wXmo _wh_XZ \ $BZm _wh_XZ H $X
_mVm d _Z H$mZm `m~wX bmh \ $BZbmhm h`wZ bm `_yVmo) AWmV
_wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ ^r EH$ agyb h Amn go nhbo g_V
agybm| H$s _`w hmo MwH$s h, {\$a `{X Amn (g.A.d.) H$s _`w hmo OmE
`m H $b (h`m) hmo OmE Vmo `m Vw_ bmoJ AnZr E[S>`m| Ho$ ~b {\$a
OmAmoJo & {ZM` hr Voar ^r _`w hmoJr VWm BZ bmoJm| H$s ^r _`w
hmoJr & ho bmoJmo ! Omo H$moB _wh_X (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) H$s
CnmgZm H$aVm Wm dh gwZ bo {H$ _wh_X (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_)
H$s _`w hmo JB Ama Omo H$moB Abmh H$s CnmgZm H$aVm Wm Cgo _aU
aho {H$ Abmh Or{dV h Cg na H$^r _`w Zht AmVr &
O~ Amn(a{O.) Zo Cn`wV XmoZm| Am`V| nT>t Ama bmoJm| H$mo ~Vm`m
{H$ agybwbmh H$s _`w hmo MwH$s h Vmo ghm~m(a{O.) na dmV{dH$Vm H$Q>
hB Ama do AMmZH$ amoZo bJo & hOaV C_a(a{O.) d` ~`mZ H$aVo h {H$
O~ hOaV A~y ~H$a(a{O.) Zo Hw$AmZ H$s Am`Vm| go Amn (g.A.d.) H$s
_`w {g H$s Vmo _wPo Eogm _mby_ hAm {H$ Ogo ò XmoZm| Am`V| AmO hr
CVar h VWm _oao KwQ>Zm| _| _oao ga H$mo CR>mZo H$s epV Z ahr ! _oao
nb bS>IS>m JE Ama _ AMmZH$ gV AmKmV Ho$ H$maU ndr na {Ja
nS>m& 21
Bg ~`mZ go VrZ ~mV| {g hmoVr h & W_ - `h {H$ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s _`w na gdW_ ghm~m(a{O.),
H$s gd g_{V Bgr ~mV na hB Wr {H$ Amn go nyd g_V Z{~`m| H$s
_`w hmo MwH$s h, `m|{H$ `{X ghm~m(a{O.) _| go {H$gr H$mo ^r `h gXoh
hmoVm {H$ Hw$N> Z{~`m| H$s _`w Zht hB Vmo `m CZ _| go Hw$N> Cgr g_`
IS>o Z hmo OmVo {H$ Amn Am`Vm| go Omo {g H$a aho h `h C{MV Zht,
`m|{H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Vmo N>: gm df go AmH$me na Or{dV ~R>o
h & AV: `h J bV h {H$ AmhO aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go nhbo
g_V Z{~`m| H$s _`w hmo MwH$s h Ama O~{H$ CZ_| go Hw$N> Or{dV h Vmo
`m H$maU h {H$ AmhO aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Or{dV Z ah
gH|$ &
{Vr` - `h {H$ g_V nydH$mbrZ Z{~`m| H$s _`w na CZ H$m
Xm'dVwb A_ra
25
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{ddmg {H$gr `pVJV {dMma Ho$ H$maU Z Wm A{nVw Bg ~mV H$mo do
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s Am`Vm| go {b`m J`m g_PVo Wo, `m|{H$ `{X `h ~mV
Z hmoVr Vmo H$moB ghm~r Vmo CR>H$a H$hVm {H$ `{X `h ghr h {H$
g_V Z{~`m| H$s _`w hmo MwH$s h, naVw Bg Am`V go Omo Amn Zo nT>r
h `h {g Zht hmoVm {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) go nyd g_V Z{~`m| H$s
_`w hmo MwH$s h & AV: {grH$ AH$~a(a{O.) (hOaV A~y ~H$a(a{O.)) H$m
Am`V
H$X bV {_Z H$pb{hgwb go g_V
nydH$mbrZ Z{~`m| H$s _`w H$m g~yV {ZH$mbZm VWm g_V ghm~m(a{O.)
H$m Z Ho$db Bg na Im_moe ahZm A{nVw Bg VH$ go AmZX CR>mZm VWm
Jbr Hy$Mm| _| BgH$mo nT>Vo {\$aZm Bg ~mV H$m _mU h {H$ do g_V
Bg VH$ go gh_V Wo &
VVr` - Bg ~`mZ go `h ~mV {g hmoVr h {H$ Mmho {H$gr A`
Z~r H$s _`w H$m Ch| {ddmg Wm `m Zht naVw hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_
Ho$ Or{dV hmoZo H$m Ch| {ZM` hr H$moB kmZ Z Wm `m|{H$ Ogm {H$
g_V ghr hXrgm| VWm {ddgZr` dUZm| go {g hmoVm h {H$ hOaV
C_a(a{O.) A`V Omoe H$s pW{V _| Wo VWm eof ghm~m(a{O.) go H$h aho Wo
{H$ Omo H$hoJm {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s _`w hmo JB
h _ Cg H$m ga CS>m XJ m & Cg g_` AnZo {dMma Ho$ _mU _| hOaV
_ygm Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ Mmbrg {XZ ndV na Mbo OmZo H$s KQ>Zm Vmo do
VwV H$aVo Wo, naVw hOaV Bgm Ho$ AmH$me na Mbo OmZo H$s KQ>Zm
Chm|Zo EH$ ~ma ^r VwV Zht H$s & `{X ghm~m(a{O.) H$s AmWm `h
hmoVr {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ AmH$me na Or{dV Om ~R>o h, Vmo `m
hOaV C_a(a{O.) `m CZgo gh_V ghm~r(a{O.) Bg KQ>Zm H$mo AnZo {dMma Ho$
g_WZ _| VwV Z H$aVo ? CZH$m hOaV _ygm H$s KQ>Zm go {g H$aZm
VWm Bg KQ>Zm go {g Z H$aZm ~VmVm h {H$ CZHo$ _pVH$ _| hOaV
Bgm Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ g~Y _| H$moB Eogr KQ>Zm Wr hr Zht & AmXaUr`
ghm~m(a{O.) H$s gdg_{V Ho$ A{V[aV h_ XoIVo h {H$ hOaV _grh
Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w Ho$ g~Y _| Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ho$ n[adma H$s ^r gh_{V h & AV: V~H$mV BZo gm'X H$s {OX 3 _|
hOaV Abr H$a_bmhmo dhh H$s _`w H$s n[apW{V`m| Ho$ g~Y _| hOaV
Xm'dVwb A_ra
B_m_ hgZ(a{O.)
26
Zo dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) Zo \ $a_m`m -
(A`mohZmgmo H$X Hw${~Ob`bVm aOwbwZ b_ `p~H$hb

AdbyZm dbm `wX[aHw$hb Am{$Zm H$X H$mZm agybwbmho `~Agwb
_~Agm \$`H$V{Z\w$h {O~mBbmo q_`_r{Zhr d _rH$mBbmo {_Z
{e_m{bhr \$bm `wZ{eAm hmm `Vhbmhmo bh d _m VaH$m Bbm
gAm {_AVo {Xah{_Z AamXm AèV[a`m {~hm m{X_Z d bH$X
Hw${~Om {\$`b{VbVr C[aOm \$shm {~$ho BgZo _a`_m b`bVm
g~BZ d BlrZm {_Z a_OmZ &) AWmV ho bmoJmo ! AmO Cg `pV
H$s _`w hB h {H$ CgH$s Hw$N> ~mVm| H$mo Z nydH$mbrZ nhMo h Ama Z
~mX H$mo AmZo dmbo nhM|Jo & agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Cgo
`w Ho$ {bE ôOVo Wo Vmo {O~mBb CgHo$ Xm`t Amoa hmo OmVo Wo Ama
_rH$mBb ~m`t Amoa & AV: dh {dO` mV {H$E {~Zm dmng Zht hmoVm
Wm, CgZo gmV gm {Xah_ AnZr gn{m nrN>o N>moS>r h, {Oggo CgH$m
BamXm `h Wm {H$ EH$ Xmg arXo & CgH$s Cg amV H$mo _`w hB h
{Og amV H$mo Bgm BZo _a`_ H$s Am_m AmH$me H$s Amoa CR>mB JB Wr
AWmV a_OmZ H$s gmmBgdt {V{W H$mo &
Bg dUZ go kmV hmoVm h {H$ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ho$ Ahbo ~V (Ka dmbo) Ho$ {ZH$Q> ^r hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s
_`w hmo MwH$s Wr, `m|{H$ `{X CZH$m `h {dMma Z hmoVm Vmo B_m_
hgZ(a{O.) `h `m| \$a_mVo {H$ {Og amV hOaV Bgm(A) H$s Am_m
($h) AmH$me H$s Amoa CR>mB JB Wr, Cgr amV H$mo hOaV Abr
a{O`bmhmo Ahmo H$s _`w hB h &
27
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AmXaUr` ghm~m Ama AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
Ahbo ~V (Ka dmbo) Ho$ A{V[aV ~mX H$mo AmZo dmbo ~wOwJ ^r Ad`
_grh(A) H$s _`w H$mo hr _mZZo dmbo hm|Jo, `m|{H$ do bmoJ Hw$AmZ H$ar_
Ama agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ H$WZ VWm ghm~m Ho$
H$WZ Ama Ahbo ~V (Ka dmbo) H$s am`m| Ho$ hr AmgV Wo, naVw
My{H$ do Bg ~mV H$mo gmYmaU g_PVo Wo Bg{bE kmV hmoVm h {H$ CZHo$
H$WZ {deof Vma na gwa{jV Zht aIo JE, naVw Omo Hw$N> ^r _mby_
hmoVm h dh Bg ~mV H$m g`mnZ H$aVm h {H$ CZH$m _V ^r `hr Wm
{H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w hmo MwH$s h & AV: _O_Cb~hma
_| h {H$
(H$mbm _m{bHw$Z _mVm) AWmV B_m_
_m{bH$ ah_Vwbmh \$a_mVo h {H$ hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w hmo
MwH$s h &
AV: Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ama hXrgm| Ho$ A{V[aV, ghm~m(a{O.) H$s
gdg_{V, Ahbo ~V H$s am`| VWm B_m_m| Ho$ H$WZm| go ^r h_mao hr
{dMma H$m g`mnZ hmoVm h & AWmV `h kmV hmoVm h {H$ hOaV Bgm
Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w hmo MwH$s & AV: h_ na `h Amamon bJmZm {H$
h_ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w H$s AmWm aI H$a hOaV
_grh H$m AZmXa H$aVo h Ama Hw$AmZ H$ar_ VWm agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s hXrgm| H$m BH$ma H$aVo h C{MV Zht &
h_ _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$m AZmXa Zht H$aVo A{nVw Bg AmWm H$s
pQ> go wXm VAmbm Ho$ AVdmX H$mo Wm{nV H$aVo h VWm CgHo$ agyb
Ho$ g_mZ H$mo {g H$aVo h Ama d` hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$s
godm H$aVo h `m|{H$ dh ^r H$^r ngX Zht H$a|Jo {H$ CZ H$mo EH$ Eogo
nX na AmgrZ {H$`m OmE {Og go wXm VAmbm Ho$ AVdmX H$mo AmKmV
nhMVm hmo Ama VdmX H$mo ghm`Vm mV hmoVr hmo VWm Z{~`m| Ho$
gaXma gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m An_mZ hmoVm hmo &
A~ ho ~mXemh ! Amn d` hr {dMma H$aHo$ XoI b| {H$ `m
h_mao {damoYr Bg Amamon _| g` na h `m h_ ? `m CZH$m A{YH$ma
h {H$ h_ go Q> hm| `m h_mam A{YH$ma h {H$ CZ go Q> hm|, `m|{H$
Chm|Zo h_mao wXm H$m ^mJrXma {Z`wV {H$`m VWm h_mao agyb H$m
28
An_mZ {H$`m Ama AnZo ~Z H$a ewAm| H$s ^m{V AmH$_UH$mar hE &
Xgam Amamon h_ na `h {H$`m OmVm h {H$ h_ bmoJ Xgao
_wgb_mZm| H$s AmWm Ho$ {d Bgr C_V _| go EH$ `pV H$mo _grh
_mD$X _mZVo h hmbm{H$ `h ~mV Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$s hXrg Ho$ {dnarV h, `m|{H$ CZ go kmV hmoVm h {H$ hOaV
_grh AmH$me go CVa|Jo &
`h ~mV A`V C{MV h {H$ h_ bmoJ {gb{gbm Ah_{X`m Ho$
dVH$ hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X gm{h~, {Zdmgr H$m{X`mZ, {Obm
JwaXmgnwa, mV nOm~, Xoe {hXVmZ H$mo _grh _mD$X Ama _hXr
_gD$X g_PVo h, naVw O~{H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_, hXrgm| Ama gX~w{ go
`h ~mV {g hmo MwH$s h {H$ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$s _`w hmo
MwH$s h Vmo {\$a h_ Zht g_PVo {H$ h_mar `h AmWm Hw$AmZ H$ar_
Ama hXrgm| Ho$ {d `m|H$a hmoJr, O~{H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go hOaV _grh
H$s _`w {g h Ama hXrg| ^r Bg na gmjr h Ama O~{H$ Z~r
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s hXrgm| go EH$ _mD$X ({OgH$m
dm`Xm {X`m J`m hmo) Ho$ {Ogo BZo _a`_ H$hm J`m h AmJ_Z H$s
gyMZm _mby_ hmoVr h & AV: nQ> _mby_ hmoVm h {H$ AmZo dmbm
_mD$X Bgr C_V H$m EH$ gX` hmoJm Z {H$ _grh Zm{gar
Ab{hgbm_ {OZH$s _`w hmo MwH$s h &
H$hm OmVm h {H$ `{X Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ama hXrgm| go hOaV _grh
H$s _`w ^r {g hmoVr hmo V~ ^r hXrgm| _| My{H$ _grh BZo _a`_
Ho$ AmZo H$s gyMZm Xr JB h Cht Ho$ AmZo na {ddmg aIZm Mm{hE,
`m|{H$ `m Abmh VAmbm H$m{Xa (epVembr) Zht {H$ CZH$mo {\$a
Or{dV H$aHo$ ggma Ho$ gwYma hoVw ôO Xo & h_ na Eo{VamO {H$`m OmVm
h {H$ h_ _mZmo Abmh VAmbm H$s Hw$XaV Ho$ BH$mar h, naVw ~mV
`h Zht A{nVw Bg Ho$ {~Hw$b {dnarV h & h_ wXm VAmbm H$s
Hw$XaV Ho$ BH$ma Ho$ H$maU Zht A{nVw Cg H$s Hw$XaV na B_mZ aIZo
Ho$ H$maU Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$aVo h {H$ hOaV _grh Zm{gar H$mo
wXm VAmbm Or{dV H$aHo$ Zht ôOoJm A{nVw Bgr C_V Ho$ EH$ gX`
H$mo CgZo _grh _mD$X ~Zm H$a ôO {X`m h & h_ Zht g_P gH$Vo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
29
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ama Z h_ Amem H$aVo h {H$ H$moB `pV ^r Omo nyU $n go Bg ~mV
na {dMma H$aoJm drH$ma H$aoJm {H$ _grh H$m Xmo~mam Or{dV H$aHo$
ôOZm Abmh VAmbm Ho$ epV_mZ hmoZo H$m bjU h & h_ ggma _|
XoIVo h {H$ Omo YZdmZ hmoVm h dh `moJ {H$E H$nS>m| H$mo CbQ>dm H$a
Zht {gbdmVm A{nVw Cgo CVma H$a Amd`H$Vm nS>Zo na A` Z`m
H$nS>m {gbdmVm h & {ZYZ Ama Aghm` bmoJ EH$ hr dVw H$mo H$B-H$B
ebm| _| ~Xb-~Xb H$a nhZVo h Ama AnZr dVwAm| H$mo g^mb-g^mb
H$a aIVo h & Abmh VAmbm H$m hmW H$~ Eogm gH$sU hAm Wm O~
CgHo$ ~Xm| H$mo nW-XeZ H$s Amd`H$Vm hB Vmo Cgo {H$gr dJdmgr
({OgH$s _`w hmo MwH$s hmo) Z~r H$mo Or{dV H$aHo$ ôOZm nS>m & dh
gXm ~Xm| Ho$ nW-XeZ hoVw Cht Ho$ `wJ Ho$ bmoJm| _| go {H$gr H$m
M`Z H$aHo$ CZHo$ gwYma hoVw ôOVm ahm h & hOaV AmX_ Ab{hgbm_
Ho$ `wJ go AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ `wJ VH$ EH$ ~ma
^r Cg Zo Eogm Zht {H$`m {H$ {H$gr nyd Z~r H$mo Or{dV H$aHo$ ggma
Ho$ nW-XeZ Ho$ {bE ôOm hmo & Bg ~mV na dh V~ {dde hmo O~
{H$gr `wJ Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| H$s dN>Vm CgH$s Hw$XaV go ~mha hmo
OmE VWm CgH$m emgZ _Zw`m| na go g_mV hmo OmE naVw My{H$ Eogm
H$^r Zht hmo gH$Vm, Bg{bE `h ^r Zht hmo gH$Vm {H$ dh EH$
dJu` Z~r H$mo dJ go {ZH$mb H$a ggma Ho$ gwYma hoVw ôO Xo & dh
gdepV_mZ h & O~ CgZo _grh Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ nMmV _wh_X
agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ogm _Zw` CnZ H$a {X`m Vmo
CgH$s epV go `h ~mha Zht {H$ EH$ Ama `pV _grh Ab{hgbm_
Ogm A{nVw CZgo loR>V_ CnZ H$a Xo &
AV: _grh Zm{gar Z~r Ho$ Xmo~mam ggma _| AmZo H$m BH$ma h_
Bg H$maU Zht H$aVo {H$ h_ Abmh VAmbm H$mo epV_mZ Zht g_PVo
A{nVw Bg{bE H$aVo h {H$ h_ Abmh VAmbm H$mo epV_mZ g_PVo h
{H$ dh O~ Mmho AnZo ~Xm| _| go {H$gr H$mo nW-XeZ Ho$ nX na
IS>m H$a Xo VWm CgHo$ _m`_ go _mJ go ^ybo-^Q>Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo AnZr
Amoa ~wbmE Ama Omo bmoJ `h {dMma H$aVo h {H$ dh Eogm Zht H$a
gH$Vm A{nVw Amd`H$Vm nS>Zo na {H$gr nyd Z~r H$mo bmEJm, JbVr na
Xm'dVwb A_ra
30
(Chm|Zo Abmh VAmbm Ho$ _hd H$mo Zht
h &
nhMmZm &)
Bg ~mV Ho$ A{V[aV _grh Zm{gar Ho$ Xmo~mam dmng AmZo _|
Abmh VAmbm H$s Hw$XaV na Xmof AmVm h & AmhOaV gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$s n{d epV na ^r Amamon AmVm h, `m|{H$ `{X
hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$mo hr Xmo~mam ggma _| dmng AmZm h Vmo
Bg H$m _Vb~ `h hmoJm {H$ nydH$mbrZ g_V C_V| O~ {~JS>Vr Wt
Vmo CZgo gwYma hoVw Abmh VAmbm Cht _| go EH$ `pV H$mo IS>m H$a
XoVm Wm, naVw h_mao AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s C_V _|
O~ am~r hmoJr Vmo CgHo$ gwYma Ho$ {bE Abmh VAmbm nydH$mbrZ
Z{~`m| _| go EH$ Z~r H$mo dmng bmEJm, d` Amn H$s C_V _| go
H$moB gX` CgHo$ gwYma H$s epV Zht aIoJm & `{X h_ `h ~mV
drH$ma H$a b| Vmo h_ {ZM` hr _gr{h`m| Ama `h{X`m| go AmhOaV
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s ewVm _| H$_ Z hm|Jo, `m|{H$ do ^r
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s n{d epV na Eo{VamO
H$aVo h Ama Bg AmWm Ho$ gmW h_ ^r Amn H$s n{d epV na
Eo{VamO H$aZo dmbo hmo OmVo h & O~ XrnH$ Ob ahm hmo Vmo Cg go
A` XrnH$ {ZM` hr ObmE Om gH$Vo h & dh ~wPm hAm XrnH$ hmoVm
h {Ogo go Xgam XrnH$ Zht Ob gH$Vm & AV: `{X agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s C_V na H$moB `wJ Eogm ^r AmZm h
{H$ Cg H$s Xem Eogr {~JS> OmEJr {H$ Cg_| go H$moB `pV CgHo$
gwYma Ho$ {bE IS>m Zht hmo gHo$Jm Vmo gmW hr `h ^r _mZZm nS>oJm
{H$ Cg g_` agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s XmZerbVm
^r ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m (h_ Eogr ~mV go Abmh go j_m
`mMH$ h) g_mV hmo OmEJr & H$mZ _wgb_mZ Bg ~mV H$mo Zht OmZVm
{H$ O~ VH$ Abmh VAmbm H$mo hOaV _ygm H$m {gb{gbm MbmZo H$s
BN>m Wr, Cg g_` VH$ Amn hr Ho$ AZw`m{``m| _| go Eogo bmoJ CnZ
hmoVo aho Omo Amn H$s C_V H$m gwYma H$aVo aho, naVw O~ CgH$s `h
BN>m hB {H$ Amn Ho$ {gb{gbo H$mo g_mV H$a Xo Vmo CgZo Amn H$s
H$m_ _| go Zw~wdV H$m {gb{gbm ~X H$aHo$ ~Zr B_mBb _| go Z~r
31
Xm'dVwb A_ra
ôO {X`m & AV: `{X agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
nMmV H$moB Z~r _ygm Ho$ {gb{gbo go AmEJm Vmo CgH$m AW `hr hmoJm
{H$ Abmh VAmbm ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ {gb{gbo H$mo ^r g_mV H$a XoJm Ama H$moB A`
{gb{gbm Omar H$aoJm Ama ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s n{d epV Cg g_` H$_Omoa hmo
OmEJr VWm Amn H$s XmZerbVm {H$gr C_Vr H$mo ^r Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE
V`ma Z H$a gHo$Jr {H$ dh Amn go H$me mV H$aHo$ Amn (g.A.d.)
H$s C_V H$m gwYma H$ao Ama Cgo gX^mJ na bmE &
IoX h {H$ bmoJ AnZo {bE Vmo A`{YH$ dm{^_mZ {XImVo h VWm
{H$gr H$ma H$m Xmof AnZr Amoa g~ hmoZm ngX Zht H$aVo, naVw
wXm Ho$ agyb H$s Amoa òH$ Xmof ~S>o gmhg Ho$ gmW g~ H$aVo h
Cg o_ H$mo h_ `m H$a| Omo _wI VH$ ahVm h naVw X` _| CgH$m
H$moB ^md Zht Ama Cg Xmdo H$mo `m H$a| Omo AnZo gmW H$moB _mU
Zht aIVm & `{X dmVd _| bmoJ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ go o_ aIVo Vmo EH$ jU Ho$ {bE ^r ngX Z H$aVo {H$ EH$
BmBbr Z~r AmH$a Amn (g.A.d.) H$s C_V H$m gwYma H$aoJm & `m
H$moB dm{^_mZr AnZo Ka _| gm_mZ hmoVo hE Xgao go _mJZo OmVm h,
`m gm_` hmoVo hE Xgao H$mo ghm`Vm Ho$ {bE nwH$maVm h & do hr
_mbdr Omo H$hVo h {H$ ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s C_V Ho$ {bE VWm CgH$mo H${R>ZmB`m|
go gwa{jV aIZo Ho$ {bE _grh Zm{gar Ab{hgbm_ AmEJo & AnZo
ApVdm| Ho$ {bE BVZm dm{^_mZ X{eV H$aVo h {H$ `{X ~hg _|
nam{OV ^r hmo aho hm| Vmo AnZr namO` H$mo drH$ma Zht H$aVo Ama
{H$gr Xgao H$mo AnZr ghm`Vm Ho$ {bE ~wbmZm ngX Zht H$aVo Ama
`{X H$moB d` CZH$s ghm`Vm Ho$ {bE V`ma hmo OmE Vmo CgH$m CnH$ma
_mZZo Ho$ WmZ na Cg go ZmamO hmoVo h {H$ `m h_ _yI h {H$ Vy
h_mao _wI _| H$ma XoVm h, naVw agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ g~Y _| {H$g bmnadmhr go dUZ H$aVo h {H$ AmnH$s
ghm`VmW EH$ A` {gb{gbo go Z~r ~wbdm`m OmEJm Ama d` AmnH$s
32
n{d epV Hw$N> Z H$a gHo$Jr & Amh ! `m X` _a JE h `m ~w{
na nWa nS> JE h, `m g_V dm{^_mZ AnZo hr {bE `` hmo
OmVm h VWm wXm Ama CgHo$ agyb Ho$ {bE dm{^_mZ H$m H$moB ^mJ
eof Zht ahVm, `m g~ H$moY AnZo ewAm| na hr {ZH$b OmVm h VWm
wXm Ama CgHo$ agyb na AmH$_UH$m[a`m| Ho$ {bE Hw$N> eof Zht ahVm &
h_ go H$hm OmVm h {H$ Vw_ EH$ BmBbr Z~r Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$
BH$mar hmo, naVw h_ AnZo X`m| H$mo H$hm bo OmE Ama AnZo o_ Ho$
{Mhm| H$mo {H$g H$ma {_Q>mE & h_| Vmo _wh_X agybw bmh Ho$ g_mZ go
~T>H$a {H$gr Ama H$m g_mZ {` Zht & h_ Vmo EH$ {_ZQ> Ho$ {bE ^r
`h ghZ Zht H$a gH$Vo {H$ _wh_X agybw bmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ {H$gr A` Ho$ CnH$ma Ho$ H$Vk hm|, h_mam X` Vmo EH$ {_ZQ> Ho$
{bE ^r Bg {dMma H$mo ghZ Zht H$a gH$Vm {H$ b` Ho$ {XZ O~
g_V gpQ> Am{X go AV VH$ EH$ hmoJr VWm Jdmhm| Ho$ gm_Zo òH$
Ho$ H$_ dUZ {H$E OmEJ,o Cg g_` _wh_X agybw bmh H$m ga BmBbr
_grh Ho$ CnH$ma go PwH$m Om ahm hmoJm Ama g_V gpQ> Ho$ gm_Zo CM
da go \ $[aVo nwH$ma H$a H$h|Jo {H$ O~ _wh_X agybw bmh gbbmhmo
Ab`ho d gb_ H$s n{d epV OmVr ahr Vmo Cg g_` BmBbr _grh
Zo CZ na CnH$ma H$aHo$ AnZo {bE dJ go {ZH$bZm ngX {H$`m Ama
ggma _| OmH$a CZ H$s C_V H$m gwYma {H$`m VWm Cgo V~mhr go
~Mm`m & h_ Vmo Bg ~mV H$mo A[YH$ ngX H$aVo h {H$ h_mar Or^| H$Q>
OmE Cg H$s Anojm {H$ Eogr An_mZOZH$ ~mV agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$s Amoa g~ H$a|, Ama h_mao hmW {e{Wb hmo OmE
~OmE BgHo$ {H$ Eogo dm` Amn Ho$ nj _| {bI| & _wh_X agybw bmh
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {` h Amn H$s n{d
epV H$^r {Z\$b Zht hmo gH$Vr, Amn (g.A.d.) mV_wZ{~`rZ h,
AmnH$s XmZerbVm H$^r H$ Zht gH$Vr, AmnH$m ga {H$gr Ho$ CnH$ma Ho$
AmJo PwH$ Zht gH$Vm A{nVw Amn H$m CnH$ma g_V Z{~`m| na h & H$moB
Z~r Zht {OgZo AmnH$mo drH$ma H$am`m hmo VWm AmnH$s gMmB Amn Ho$
BH$ma H$aZo dmbm| go drH$ma H$amB hmo, naVw `m bmIm|-H$amoS >m| bmoJ Zht
{OZgo _wh_X agybw bmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo eof Z{~`m| H$s
Xm'dVwb A_ra
33
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Zw~w dV drH$ma H$amB h & {hXVmZ _| AmR> H$amoS > _wgb_mZ ~`mZ {H$E
OmVo h CZ_| go ~hV hr H$_ h Omo {dXoe Ho$ ahZo dmbo h, eof g_V
{hXVmZ Ho$ {Zdmgr h Omo {H$gr Z~r H$m Zm_ VH$ Zht OmZVo Wo,
naVw _wh_X agybw bmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ na B_mZ bmH$a
B~mhr_, _ygm Ama Bgm Ab{hgbm_ na B_mZ bo AmE h & `{X Bbm_
Zo CZHo$ Kam| _| doe Z {H$`m hmoVm Vmo AmO do BZ Z{~`m| H$mo Jm{b`m
Xo aho hmoVo VWm CZH$mo PyR>o bmoJm| _| go g_P aho hmoV,o {Og H$ma {H$
CZHo$ eof ^mB-~YwAm| H$m AmO VH$ {dMma h & Bgr H$ma AJJm{ZVmZ
Ho$ bmoJ Ama MrZ Ho$ bmoJ Ama BamZ Ho$ bmoJ H$~ hOaV _ygm(A) Ama
hOaV Bgm(A) H$mo _mZVo Wo CZgo CZ Z{~`m| H$m BH$ama AmhO aV
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo hr H$am`m h & AV: AmnH$m g_V
nydH $mbrZ Z{~`m| na CnH$ma h {H$ CZH$s gMmB bmoJm| na JwV Wr,
Amn Zo Cgo H$Q> {H$`m, naVw Amn na {H$gr H$m CnH$ma Zht & Amn
na Abmh VAmbm dh {XZ H$^r Zht bmEJm O~ Amn H$s daXmZ ~X
hmo OmE Ama H$moB Xgam Z~r Am H$a Amn (g.A.d.) H$m gwYma H$ao
A{nVw O~ H$^r ^r Amn H$s C_V H$mo gwYma H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoJr
Abmh VAmbm Amn (g.A.d.) hr Ho$ {e`m| _| go VWm Amn hr Ho$
C_{V`m| _| go Eogo bmoJ {Ohm|Zo g~ Hw$N> Amn hr go {b`m hmoJm Ama
Amn hr go grIm hmoJm {Z`wV H$aoJm Vm{H$ do {~JS>o hE bmoJm| H$m gwYma
H$a| VWm ^Q>H$o hE bmoJm| H$mo dmng bmE VWm CZ bmoJm| H$m H$m` Amn
(g.A.d.) hr H$m H$m` hmoJm `m|{H$ {e` AnZo Jw$ go nWH$ Zht hmo
gH$Vm Ama C_Vr AnZo Z~r go nWH$ Zht R>ham`m Om gH$Vm, CZH$s
JXZ| Amn Ho$ CnH$ma Ho$ AmJo PwH$s hB hm|Jr VWm CZHo$ X` Amn
(g.A.d.) Ho$ o_ H$s _{Xam go âo hm|J,o CZHo$ ga Amn Ho$ AZwamJ H$s
_mXH$Vm go ~ogYw hm|Jo &
AV: {H$gr Z~r Ho$ Xmo~mam AmJ_Z _| AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$m An_mZ h Ama Bg go Amn H$m dh nX {_`m hmo OmVm
h Omo Abmh VAmbm Zo AmnH$mo XmZ {H$`m h & Abmh VAmbm
\$a_mVm h
(BZbmhm bm
`wJpàmo _m {~H$m{_Z hmm `wJp`$ _m {~ A\w$go{h_) Abmh
34
VAmbm {H$gr H$mo H$moB Zo_V XmZ H$aHo$ N>rZm Zht H$aVm O~ VH$ {H$
d` CZHo$ AXa H$moB Iam~r Z CnZ hmo OmE & A~ Bg AmWm H$mo
_mZ H$a `m Vmo ZmD$Ow{~bmh `h _mZZm nS>Vm h {H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ _| H$moB n[adVZ hmo J`m h `m {\$a `h
_mZZm nS>Vm h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo AnZm dm`Xm VmoS> {X`m VWm eof
bmoJm| go Vmo dh `h `dhma H$aVm h {H$ CZH$mo Z_V XmZ H$aHo$
dmng Zht boVm, naVw _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go CgZo
BgHo$ {dnarV `dhma {H$`m h & ò XmoZm| ~mV| Hw$\$ h `m|{H$ EH$ _|
wXm VAmbm H$m BH$ma h Ama Xgar _| Cg Ho$ agyb (gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_) H$m & AV: h_ BZ H$maUm| go Bgr H$ma H$s
AmWmAm| go AgZ h & h_mar AmWm h {H$ _grh Ab{hgbm_ {OZ
Ho$ AmJ_Z H$m dm`Xm {X`m J`m h Bgr C_V _| go AmZo dmbo h & `h
wXm VAmbm H$m A{YH$ma h {H$ {Ogo Mmho {H$gr nX na gwemo{^V H$ao &
Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s hXrgm| go ^r `hr {g
hmoVm h {H$ AmZo dmbm _grh Bgr C_V _| go hmoJm & AmhOaV
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ \$a_mVo h
(bb_hXr
Bbm Bgm) Bgm Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB _hXr Zht & Xgar Amoa \$a_mVo h
(H$\$m AVw_ BOm ZObm
\$sHw$_wZmo _a`_m d B_m_moHw$_ {_Hw$_) Vwhmam `m hmb hmoJm O~
Vw_ _| BZo _a`_ CVaoJm Ama Vwhmam B_m_ Vw_ _| go hmoJm & Z~r
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ BZ XmoZm| dMZm| H$mo {_bm H$a
XoI| Vmo nQ> Vma na kmV hmoVm h {H$ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ Ho$
g_` _| CZHo$ A{V[aV H$moB A` _hXr Zht Ama dh Bg C__V Ho$
B_m_ hm|Jo, naVw Bgr C_V _| go hm|Jo, H$ht ~mha go Zht AmEJo &
AV: `h {dMma {H$ _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$moB nWH$ ApVd hm|Jo Ama
_hXr nWH$ ApVd, {_`m {dMma h VWm "bb_hXr Bbm Bgm' Ho$
{d h & _m{_Z H$m H$m_ `h h {H$ dh AnZo dm_r Ho$ H$WZm| na
{dMma H$ao VWm Omo {^ZVm Cgo `jV`m {XImB Xo Cgo AnZr g_P
go Xa H$ao & `{X agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo EH$ ~ma
`h \$a_m`m h {H$ nhbo _hXr H$Q> hm|Jo {\$a hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_
Xm'dVwb A_ra
35
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CVa|Jo Omo _hXr Ho$ AZwgaU _| Z_mO AXm H$a|Jo Ama Xgar ~ma `h
\$a_m`m h {H$ _grh Ab{hgbm_ hr _hXr h Vmo `m h_mam `h H$m_
h {H$ Amn Ho$ H$WZ H$m IS>Z H$a| `m `h H$m_ h {H$ XmoZm| na
{dMma H$a| & `{X XmoZm| H$WZm| _| go H$moB g_d` H$s pW{V hmo Vmo Cgo
AnZm b| Ama `{X H$moB WmoS>m gm {dMma ^r H$aoJm Vmo Cgo kmV hmo
OmEJm {H$ BZ XmoZm| H$WZm| _| g_d` H$s gyaV ^r h {H$ "bb _hXr
Bbm Bgm' Xgar hXrg H$s `m`m h AWmV nhbo agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo Omo _grh Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ CVaZo H$s
gyMZm Eogo eXm| _| Xr Wr {Og go `h gXoh hmoVm Wm {H$ dh nWH$nWH$ ApVd h CgH$mo bb_hXr Bbm Bgm dmbr hXrg go nQ> H$a
{X`m Ama ~Vm {X`m {H$ dh H$bm_ $nH$ Ho$ Vma na Wm Cg go
A{^m` Ho$db `h Wm {H$ C_Vo _wh_{X`m (_wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$s C_V) H$m EH$ gX` nhbo ggma Ho$ gwYma Ho$ {bE
Am{XQ> {H$`m OmEJm, naVw {H$gr agyb H$m nX Cgo Zht {X`m OmEJm,
hm ~mX _| Bgm BZo _a`_ Ho$ CVaZo H$s ^{d`dmUr ^r Cg Ho$ nj
_| nyar H$s OmEJr Ama dh Bgm hmoZo H$m Xmdm H$aoJm & Bg H$ma Ogo
CgHo$ Xmo {^Z-{^Z nXm| Ho$ H$Q>Z H$m g_` dUZ {H$`m J`m h &
AWmV nhbo gwYma H$m gm_m` Xmdm hmoJm {\$a _gr{h`V H$m Xmdm
hmoJm & ^{d`dm{U`m| _| Bg H$ma H$m H$bm_ gm_m` hmoVm h A{nVw
`{X Bg H$ma Ho$ $nH$ ^{d`dm{U`m| go nWH$ H$a {XE OmE Vmo CZH$m
g_PZm hr {~Hw$b Ag^d hmo OmE &
`{X CZ hXrgm| Ho$ `h AW Z {H$E OmE, Vmo Xmo ~mVm| _| go EH$
~mV Ad` drH$ma H$aZm nS>oJr Ama do XmoZm| hr VaZmH$ h `m Vmo
`h _mZZm nS>oJm {H$ "bb _hXr Bbm Bgm' dmbr hXrg {_`m h
Ama `m `h _mZZm nS>oJm {H$ Bg hXrg H$m `h _Vb~ Zht {H$ _hXr
H$m H$moB nWH$ ApVd Zht A{nVw _grh Ama _hXr H$s lo{U`m| H$m
_wH$m~bm {H$`m J`m h Ama ~Vm`m J`m h {H$ dmV{dH$ _hXr Vmo
_grh hr hm|Jo, Xgam _hXr Vmo CZHo$ _wH$m~bo _| Hw$N> ^r Zht & {Og
H$ma H$h XoVo h {H$
(bm Am{b_m Bbm \w$bmZwZ) Bg
go `h A{^m` Zhr hmoVm h {H$ `h AnZo kmZ _| Xgam| go BVZm
36
A{YH$ h {H$ CgHo$ _wH$m~bo _| CZH$m kmZ VwN> hmo OmVm h & ò XmoZm|
AW VaZmH$ n[aUm_ CnZ H$aZo dmbo h, `m|{H$ EH$ hXrg H$mo
AH$maU {_`m H$a XoZm ^r IVaZmH$ h, {deofH$a Eogr hXrg H$mo Omo
AnZo gmW gm` ^r aIVr h Ama `h H$hZm {H$ _hXr _grh Ho$
_wH$m~bo _| Hw$N> ^r _hd Z aI|Jo, CZ hXrgm| Ho$ {df`m| Ho$ {dnarV h
{OZ_| Ch| B_m_ R>ham`m J`m h VWm _grh H$mo CZH$m AZw`m`r &
AV: BZ AWm] Ho$ A{V[aV {H$ _wh_X (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_)
H$s C_V _| EH$ Eogo ApVd H$s gyMZm Xr JB h Omo nhbo gwYmaH$
hmoZo H$m Xmdm H$aoJm VXmonamV _grh _mD$X hmoZo H$m & BZ hXrgm| Ho$
Ama H$moB AW Zht hmo gH$Vo &
_yb ~mV `h h {H$ bmoJm| H$mo gmam YmoIm Bg ~mV go bJm h {H$
hXrg _| "ZwOyb' (CVaZm) H$m eX h VWm Bg eX go g_P {b`m
J`m h {H$ _grh W_ hr Xmo~mam ggma _| CVa|Jo & hmbm{H$ "ZwOyb'
Ho$ do AW Zht h Omo bmoJ g_PVo h A{nVw O~ EH$ Eogr dVw H$s
MMm H$aVo h Omo bm^X hmo `m {\$a EH$ Eogo n[adVZ H$s MMm H$aVo
h Omo ~aH$V dmbr hmo `m wXm Ho$ Vmn H$mo H$Q> H$aZo dmbr hmo Vmo
Aa~r ^mfm _| BgH$m A{^m` "ZwOyb' hmoVm h & AV: Abmh VAmbm
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| \$a_mVm h (gw_m
AObbmhmo gH$sZVh Abm agy{bhr) Ama {\$a \$a_mVm h (gw_m AObm Ab`Hw$_ {_Z
~m{XbJ_o
A_ZVZ
ZwAmgZ)
Ama
\$a_mVm
h
(d AObm bHw$_ {_Zb AAm_o
g_m{Z`Vm Adm{OZ) Ama \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(H$X AOZm Ab`Hw$_ {b~mg`wdmar gmAmVoHw$_ d arem d

{b~mgwmdm Om{bH$m Z Om{bH$m {_Z Am`m{Vbmho bAbh_
(d AObZm
ÒH$$Z) Ama \$a_mVm h
Ab`Hw$_wb_Zm dgdm) Ama \$a_mVm h -
37
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d AObZbhXrXm \$sho ~mgwZ eXrXZ d _Zm{\$Amo {bZmg d

{b`m'b_bmhmo _`gwamoh d gwbh {~bJ~ BZbmhm H${d`wZ
AOrOwZ) Ama \$a_mVm h -
(d bm ~gVbmh[aH$m {bB~m{Xhr b ~Jm {\$bAO}

dbmqH$`wZpObmo {~H$X[a_mèmAmo Bh {~B~m{Xhr ~rZ ~gra)
A~ `h ~mV {H$gr na JwV Zht {H$ empV X` _| CnZ H$s OmVr
h, {Zm _mZ{gH$ {H$`m H$m Zm_ h Ama MmnmE, {b~mg, Io{V`m, ~Q>oa,
bmohm VWm ggma H$s eof g_V dVwE Eogr hr h Omo Bgr ndr na
CnZ hmoVr h, AmH$me go CVaVr hB Z {H$gr Zo XoIr h Ama Z
CZH$m AmH$me go CVaZm Hw$AmZ Ama hXrg go {g hmoVm h, A{nVw
Abmh VAmbm nQ> Vma na Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| \$a_mVm h -
(d OAbm \$shm adm{g`m {_Z \$m{H$hm d ~maH$m \$shm d

H$am \$shm AdmVhm \$s Aa~AVo A`m{_Z gdmAZ {bgmBbrZ)
AWmV h_Zo ndr _| CgHo$ YamVb na ndV CnZ {H$E VWm ndr _|
~hV go gm_mZ CnZ {H$E Ama Cg_| ha H$ma Ho$ Amhma ^r CnZ
{H$E & ò g_V H$m`, ndr H$m CnZ hmoZm {\$a Cg_| ha H$ma Ho$
nXmWm] Ama OmZdam| H$m CnZ hmoZm Mma g_`m| _| nyU hAm Ama `h
~mV òH$ H$ma Ho$ ZH$VmAm| Ho$ {bE g_mZ h & AWmV `h {df`
`{n ~S>r-~S>r ^m{VH$ g_`mAm| Ama kmZ g~Yr ~mar{H$`m| H$mo
gp_{bV {H$E hE h Omo Hw$N> Vmo Bg `wJ _| H$Q> hmo MwH$r h Ama
Hw$N> ^{d` Ho$ `wJm| _| H$Q> hm|Jr VWm Cg Ho$ gX^ _| ZE-ZE Z
38
CnZ hm|Jo, naVw h_ Zo BgH$mo Eogo eXm| _| AXm H$a {X`m h {H$
òH$ dJ VWm `wJ Ho$ bmoJ AnZo-AnZo kmZ Ama AnZo-AnZo `wJ H$s
kmZ g~Yr CZ{V Ho$ AZwgma Bg_| go C{MV Cma mV H$a b|Jo Omo
CZHo$ {bE gVwpQ> H$m H$maU hmoJm &
AV: H $w AmZ H$ar_ go {g hmoVm h {H$ ò g~ nXmW {OZH$r MMm
H $w AmZ H$ar_ _| "AObZm' Ho$ eX Ho$ gmW hB h AmH$me go Zht CVat
A{nVw Abmh VAmbm Zo CZ H$mo Bgr ndr _| CnZ {H$`m h & AV:
Bgr H$ma AmZo dmbo _grh Ho$ g~Y _| ^r eX "ZwO by ' (CVaZm) Cg
Ho$ nX H$r {VR>m Ama CgH$s loUr H$s _hmZVm Ho$ {bE `moJ hAm h,
Z {H$ Bggo `h A{^m` h {H$ dmVd _| AmH$me go CVaoJm & AV: d`
AmhO aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ g~Y _| ^r `h eX H $w AmZ
H$ar_ _| `moJ hAm h Ama g_V `m`mH$ma Bggo AmnHo$ {VR>m H$m
H$Q>Z A{^m` boVo h VWm do Eogm H$aZo na {dde h, `m|{H$ g_V
bmoJ OmZVo h {H$ Amn g.A.d. _H$m ear\$ _| H $w ae Ho$ EH$ gZmZZr`
KamZo _| CnZ hE Ama Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ {nVm H$m Zm_ AXbmh Wm
VWm Amn H$s _mVm H$m Zm_ Am{_Zm Wm & dh Am`V {Og_| agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ "ZwO by ' (CVaZo) H$s MMm h `h h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(H$X AObbmhmo Bb`Hw$_ {OH$aZ agybZ `VbyAb`Hw$_

Am`m{Vbmho _w~p`Zm{VZ {b `w[aObOrZm Am_Zy d
A{_bwgm{bhmVo {_ZOwbw_mVo BbZya) AWmV Abmh VAmbm Zo Vw_
na "{OH$' AWmV agyb Zm{Ob {H$`m (CVmam) Omo Vwh| Abmh H$s
nQ> Am`V| nT>H$a gwZmVm h Vm{H$ _mo{_Zm| Ama ew^H${_`m| H$mo
AYH$mam| go {ZH$mbH$a H$me H$s Amoa bmE &
{H$VZo AmM` H$s ~mV h {H$ EH$ hr eX agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ g~Y _| Ama _grh Ho$ g~Y _| `moJ {H$`m OmVm
h, naVw AmhO aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ g~Y _| Cg Ho$ AW
Ama H$a {XE OmVo h VWm _grh Ho$ g~Y _| CgHo$ Ama AW H$a {XE
39
Xm'dVwb A_ra
OmVo h & O~ AmhO aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Bgr ndr na CnZ
hE Ama Amn Ho$ {bE "ZwO by ' H$m eX `moJ {H$`m J`m Vmo H$mZ go
AmM` H$s ~mV h & `{X `hr eX AmZo dmbo _grh Ho$ {bE `moJ
{H$`m OmE Ama Cg go A{^m` CgH$m CnZ hmoZm Ama AdVaU hmo &
Vrgam gXoh `h {H$`m OmVm h {H$ hXrgm| _| AmZo dmbo H$m Zm_
Bgm BZo _a`_ aIm J`m h & AV: Bg go `h kmV hmoVm h {H$
{~Hw$b dhr Xmo~mam nYma|Jo, naVw Amamon H$aZo dmbo `h Zht gmoMVo {H$
CZHo$ eoam| (H${dVm) _| Bgm H$m eX Xgam| Ho$ g~Y _| `moJ hmoVm h
naVw Cgo ò Amamon `mo` Zht g_PVo, naVw Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$bm_
_| `{X EH$ `pV H$m Zm_ ^r Bgm aI {X`m J`m Vmo Cg na AmM`
hmoVm h & {\$a {V{XZ XmZerb bmoJm| Ho$ g~Y _| hm{V_VmB VWm
Xme{ZH$-_mZ{gH$Vm aIZo dmbm| Ho$ {bE "Am{dH$maH$ Vygr' VWm
g_`mAm| H$mo {ZH$mbZo H$r `mo`Vm aIZo dmbm| Ho$ g~Y _| "\$o
amOr' H$m eX `moJ H$aVo h naVw BZo _a`_ Ho$ eX CZHo$ X`m| _|
gXoh CnZ H$a XoVo h & `{X BZo _a`_ Ho$ eX {ZM` Ho$ AW XoVo
h Vmo `m "VmB' "Vygr' Ama "amOr' {ZM` Ho$ AW Zht XoVo &' {\$a
`{X BZ eXm| Ho$ `moJ Ho$ ~mdOyX CZH$m `h A{^m` Zht hmoVm {H$
dh `pV dmVd _| "V' Ho$ Hw$Qw>~ H$m EH$ gX` h `m "Vyg' `m "ao'
H$m {Zdmgr h Vmo BZo _a`_ Ho$ eXm| go `m| `h n[aUm_ {ZH$mbm
OmVm h {H$ AmZo dmbm Bgm BZo _a`_ Abmh H$m Z~r hmoJm Omo AmO
go CZrg gm df nyd JwOa MwH$m h & hmbm{H$ "V' Ama "Vyg' Ama
"amOr' Eogo Zm_ Zht h Omo H$mn{ZH$ Vma na {H$gr A` AW _| `moJ
hm|, naVw _a`_ EH$ Eogm Zm_ h {Ogo EH$ {deof n[apW{V Ho$ H$Q>Z
hoVw Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| `moJ {H$`m J`m h & Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h -
40
(d Oa~bmhmo _gbZ {bbOrZm Am_Zw_aAVm {\$aAmZm BO
H$mbV ap~~Zo br BXH$m ~VZ {\$bOZVo d ZpOZr {_Z {\$aAmZm
d A_{bhr d ZpOZr {_Zb H$m{_Om{b_rZ d _a`_ZVm
B_amZbVr AhgZV \$Ohm \$Z\$Zm \$sho {_Z ${hZm d gH$V
{~H${b_mVo ap~hm d Hw$Vw{~hr d H$mZV {_Zb H$m{ZVrZm) AWmV
Abmh VAmbm _m{_Zm| H$m CXmhaU {\$aAmZ H$s nZr go XoVm h
O~{H$ CgZo H$hm {H$ ho _oao a~ ! _oao {bE dJ _| AnZo gm{Z` _|
EH$ Ka ~Zm VWm _wPo {\$aAmZ Ama CgHo$ H$m`m] go gwa{jV aI Ama
_wPo A`mMmar H$m_ Ho$ nOo go Nw>S>m bo Ama `m _m{_Zm| H$m CXmhaU
_a`_ nwr B_amZ go XoVm h {OgZo AnZo gVrd H$s ajm H$s & {\$a
h_Zo CgHo$ X` na AnZm H$bm_ CVmam Ama CgZo h_mar ~mVm| Ama
h_mar {H$Vm~m| H$m g`mnZ {H$`m Ama AmkmH$mar bmoJm| _| go hmo JB &
AV: O~{H$ _mo{_Z H$s EH$ AdWm H$m Zm_ Abmh VAmbm _a`_r
AdWm aIVm h Ama Eogo _mo{_Z H$mo "_a`_' H$hVm h Vmo `{X {H$gr
_mD$X (dmXm {X`m J`m) Ho$ g~Y _| Abmh VAmbm BZo _a`_ Ho$
eXm| H$mo `moJ H$aVm h Vmo `m CgHo$ `hr AW Z hm|Jo {H$ dh Bg
_a`_r AdWm go CZ{V H$aVo-H$aVo Bgdr AdWm VH$ nhM OmEJm &
CgH$m ma{^H$ OrdZ Vmo _a`_ H$s ^m{V n{d Ama {ZXm}f hmoJm VWm
CgH$m ApV_ OrdZ Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$s ^m{V $hbHw$Xg (n{d
Am_m) go g_{WV hmoJm Ama ggma Ho$ gwYma Ama gMmB H$mo Wm{nV
H$aZo _| `` hmoJm &
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ AWm] na {dMma H$aZm VWm CgHo$ Co`m| Ho$ g_w
_| Sw>~H$s bJmH$a A`m[_H$ kmZ Ho$ aZ {ZH$mbZm Vmo Bg `wJ Ho$
{dmZm| Ho$ {bE Vmo AdY hr hmo J`m h & `{X do Bht kmZm| na pQ>
H$aVo Omo Am`mp_H$ {dmZm| Zo Hw$AmZ-H$ar_ na {dMma H$aHo$ VWm
Z{~`m| Ho$ OrdZ na pQ> S>mb H$a VWm CZ H$s ~mVm| H$s Amoa `mZ
XoH$a n[aUm_ {ZH$mbo h VWm AnZr {H$Vm~m| _| {bI {XE h, V~ ^r
ò bmoJ R>moH$a Z ImVo & hOaV e ehm~wrZ ghadaXr AnZr {H$Vm~
"Adm[a\w$b_Am[a\$' _| {bIVo h {H$ EH$ O_ emar[aH$ O_ Ho$
A{V[aV hmoVm h {Ogo AmV[aH$ O_ H$hVo h VWm CgHo$ g_WZ _|
Xm'dVwb A_ra
41
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ama ^r {H$gr H$m Zht d` hOaV Bgm Ab{hgbm_ H$m H$WZ VwV
H$aVo h & Amn \$a_mVo h -
(`grb _warXmo OwAeo H$_m BZb dbXm OwCb dm{bXo

{\$b[dbmX{Vm~B`Vo d Vgramo hm{O{hb [dbmXVmo Am{Z\$Z
[dbmXVZ _m'Z{d`VZ H$_m daXm AZ Bgm gbdmVwbmho Ab`ho
b`{bOm
_bHy$Vwg_mE
_Z
b_
`ybX
_aV`Zo
\${~b[dbmX{VbD$bm `gramo bh Ba{V~mVwZ {~Amb[_b _bHo$ d
{~hm{O{hb [dbmXVo `gramo bh Ba{V~mVwZ {~b_bHy$Vo H$mbbmhmo
VAmbm d H$Om{bH$m Zwar B~mhr_m _bHy$Vg_mdmVo dbAO}
d{b`Hy$Zm {_Zb _y{H$ZrZm &) AWmV _warX (AZw`m`r) e H$m ^mJ
hmo OmVm h {Og H$ma ^m{VH$ O_ _| nw {nVm H$m ^mJ hmoVm h
Ama `h O_ Cg g_` AmV[aH$ O_ hmo OmVm h {Og H$ma hOaV
Bgm Ab{hgbm_ dUZ H$aVo h {H$ - ""H$moB `pV AmH$me H$s
~mXemhV _| doe Zht H$a gH$Vm O~ VH$ {H$ dh Xmo ~ma O_ Z
bo'' {\$a e AnZr Amoa go \$a_mVo h {H$ W_ O_ go Vmo Cgo
^m{VH$ ggma go g~Y CnZ hmo OmVm h Ama {Vr` O_ go Cgo
Am`mp_H$ ggma go g~Y CnZ hmo OmVm h & Abmh VAmbm ^r
\$a_mVm h {H$ Bgr H$ma AmH$me Ama ndr na Omo ^wd h_| mV
h h_ B~mhr_ H$mo {XImVo Wo Vm{H$ dh {ddmg H$aZo dmbo bmoJm| _| go
hmo OmE & e H$m H$WZ g_mV &
Cn`wV B~maV go nQ> h {H$ e ehm~wrZ gm{h~ ghadaXr Ho$
{ZH$Q> òH$ _Zw` Ho$ {bE EH$ AmV[aH$ O_ Amd`H$ h VWm dh
42
CgHo$ g_WZ _| EH$ Vmo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s Am`V VwV H$aVo h Ama
Xgao hOaV _grh H$m EH$ H$WZ VwV H$aVo h & AV: O~ AmV[aH$
O_ EH$ Amd`H$ dVw h Ama hOaV _grh Cgo Am`mp_H$ CZ{V
Ho$ {bE Amd`H$ R>hamVo h Vmo `m _grh Ho$ g_$n Ho$ {bE hr Cg
O_ H$m ApVd Xb^ Ama Ag^d h &
H$WZ H$m gmame `h h {H$ hOaV _grh H$m Xmo~mam Or{dV hmoH$a
AmZm Abmh VAmbm Ho$ d^d Ama Cg Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$ {d h VWm
CgHo$ agyb H$s _hmZVm Ho$ {dnarV h VWm CgH$s ~mVm| Ho$ {~Hw$b hr
{d h & {OZ ~mVm| na Bg AmWm H$m AmYma aIm J`m h dh
{dMma H$s H$_r Ho$ H$maU CnZ hB h VWm {MVZ H$s H$_r H$m
n[aUm_ h & _yb ~mV `hr h {H$ Bgr C_V _| go EH$ `pV H$mo
_grh Ho$ aJ _| aJrZ hmoH$a AmZm Wm Ama dh Am ^r MwH$m, CgHo$
daXmZ go A{YH$me bmoJm| Zo nW-XeZ mV {H$`m Ama ~hV go _mJ
go ^Q>Ho$ hE grYo _mJ na Am JE &
MmWm Amamon h_ na `h {H$`m OmVm h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV dr Ama Zw~wdV Ho$ {gb{gbo H$mo Omar
g_PVo h & `h Amamon ^r `m Vmo gmoM-{dMma H$s H$_r H$m n[aUm_ h
`m ewVm Ama da H$m & _yb ~mV `h h {H$ h_| Vmo eXm| go Hw$N>
boZm-XoZm Zht, {Og ~mV _| wXm Ama CgHo$ agyb H$m g_mZ hmo, h_|
Vmo dhr ngX h & h_ H$^r EH$ nb Ho$ {bE ^r Bg ~mV H$mo dY
Zht g_PVo {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV
H$moB Eogm `pV AmE Omo Amn H$s [agmbV (nJ~ar) H$mo g_mV H$a
Xo VWm H${b_m Ama Z`m H$m~m ~ZmE VWm AnZo gmW ZB earAV bmE
`m earAV H$m H$moB AmXoe n[ad{VV H$a Xo `m Omo bmoJm| H$mo agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ AmkmnmbZ go {ZH$mbH$a AnZo
AmkmnmbZ _| bo AmE AWdm d` agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$s Amkm nmbZ go ~mha hmo `m Hw$N> ^r bm^ Cgo agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ _m`_ Ho$ {~Zm mV hAm hmo & `{X
Eogm H$moB `pV AmE Vmo h_mao {ZH$Q> Bbm_ Ag` Ama {_`m hmo
OmVm h Ama _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go Abmh
Xm'dVwb A_ra
43
Xm'dVwb A_ra
VAmbm Ho$ Omo dm`Xo Wo PyR>o hmo OmVo h, naVw h_ Bg ~mV H$mo ^r
H$^r ngX Zht H$a gH$Vo {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ho$ ApVd H$mo Eogm g_Pm OmE {H$ Ogo Amn (g.A.d.) Zo wXm
VAmbm Ho$ g_V H$`mUm| H$mo amoH$ {X`m h Ama Amn (g.A.d.) ggma
Ho$ CWmZ _| ghm`H$ hmoZo Ho$ WmZ na Cg Ho$ _mJ H$s ~mYm ~Z JE
h Ama Ogo ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m Amn (g.A.d.) ggma H$mo wXm
VAmbm VH$ nhMmZo Ho$ WmZ na Cgo Abmh VAmbm H$s mpV Ho$
CM nXm| go d{MV H$aZo dmbo h & {Og H$ma nhbm {dMma Bbm_
H$mo V~mh H$aZo dmbm h Cgr H$ma `h Xgam {dMma ^r agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ApVd na EH$ ^`H$a AmH$_U h &
h_ Z Cgo drH$ma H$aVo h Ama Z Cgo ghZ H$a gH$Vo h & h_mam
{ddmg h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ ggma Ho$ {bE
ah_V (X`m) Wo Ama h_mam T> {ddmg h {H$ `h ~mV òH$ AmI
aIZo dmbo H$mo {XImB Xo ahr h & Amn g.A.d. Zo AmH$a ggma H$mo
AmH$mer` bm^m| go d{MV Zht {H$`m A{nVw Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ AmZo go
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ daXmZm| H$s {ZaVaVm nhbo go A`{YH$ hmo JB h &
`{X nhbo dh EH$ Zha H$s Vah ~hVo Wo Vmo A~ EH$ ZXr H$s ^m{V
~hVo h, `m|{H$ nhbo kmZ AnZr nyUVm H$mo Zht nhMm Wm Ama nyU
kmZ Ho$ A^md _| wXm H$mo nhMmZZo H$m nyU kmZ ^r mV Zht hmo
gH$Vm Ama A~ kmZ AnZr nyUVm H$mo nhM J`m h & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _|
dh Hw$N> dUZ {H$`m J`m h Omo Bg go nyd H$s {H$Vm~m| _| dUZ Zht
{H$`m J`m Wm & AV: agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ H$maU
bmoJm| H$mo wXm VAmbm H$mo nhMmZZo _| ~T>moVar mV hB h Ama Bgr
~T>moVar Ho$ H$maU A~ do CZ CM nXm| na nhM gH$Vo h {OZ na
nhbo bmoJ Zht nhM gH$Vo Wo Ama `{X `h B_mZ Z aIm OmE Vmo {\$a
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$r Xgao Z{~`m| na `m loR>Vm
ah OmVr h & AV: h_ Bg H$ma H$s Zw~wdV go Vmo BH$mar h Omo
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go nWH$ hmoH$a mV hmoVr hmo
Ama Bgr H$maU h_ agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV
_grh Zm{gar(A) Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ BH$mar h, naVw h_ Bg H$ma H$s
44
Zw~wdV H$m BH$ma Zht H$a gH$Vo {Og go agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$m g_mZ loR> hmoVm hmo &
ho A_ra ! Abmh VAmbm Amn Ho$ X` H$mo H$mem| Ho$ CVaZo H$m
Wb ~ZmE Ama Amn Ho$ grZo H$mo g` H$s drH$m[aVm Ho$ {bE {demb
H$ao & dhr Zw~wdV nhbo Z~r Ho$ {gb{gbo H$mo g_mV H$a gH$Vr h Omo
earAV dmbr Zw~wdV hmo Ama dhr nhbo Z~r H$s earAV H$mo {ZaV
H$a gH$Vr h Omo {~Zm _m`_ Ho$ mV hmo, naVw Omo Zw~wdV {H$ nhbo
Z~r Ho$ daXmZ Ama CgHo$ AZwgaU go mV hmo Ama {Og H$m Co`
nhbo Z~r H$s Zw~wdV H$m gma hmo Ama Cg H$s _hmZVm VWm CgH$s
loR>Vm H$m H$Q>Z hmo dh nhbo Z~r H$m An_mZ H$aZo dmbr Zht A{nVw
CgHo$ g_mZ H$mo H$Q> H$aZo dmbr h Ama Bgr H$ma H$s Zw~wdV
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go kmV hmoVr h Ama gX~w{ Bg ~mV H$mo {g H$aVr h
{H$ Bg H$ma H$s Zw~wdV Bg C_V _| mV hmo gH$Vr h, Ama `{X
`h Zw~wdV Bg C_V H$mo mV Z hmo Vmo {\$a Bg C_V H$mo Xgao
Z{~`m| H$s C_Vm| na H$moB loR>Vm Zht ahVr &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ \$a_mVo h {H$ _wh{g
hOaV _ygm Ab{hgbm_ H$s C_V _| ^r ~hV go JwOao h& 39 AV:
`{X AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s n{d epV ^r _Zw`
H$mo _wh{{g`V Ho$ nX VH$ hr nhMm gH$Vr h Vmo {\$a Amn H$mo Xgao
Z{~`m| na `m loR>Vm ahr Ama Amn (g.A.d.) g_V bmoJm| Ho$ dm_r
Ama Z{~`m| Ho$ gaXma `m|H$a R>hao & Z{~`m| _| Cm_ hmoZo Ho$ {bE
Amd`H$ h {H$ Amn _| Hw$N> Eogo H$meb nmE OmE Omo nhbo Z{~`m| _|
Zht nmE OmVo Wo & h_mao {ZH$Q> `h H$meb Amn (g.A.d.) _| hr h
{H$ nhbo Z{~`m| Ho$ C_Vr (AZw`m`r) CZH$s n{d epV go Ho$db
_wh{{g`V Ho$ nX VH$ nhM gH$Vo Wo naVw agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ C_Vr (AZw`m`r) Zw~wdV Ho$ nX VH$ ^r nhM
gH$Vo h Ama `hr Amn H$r n{d epV H$m H$meb h Omo EH$ _mo{_Z
Ho$ X` H$mo Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ o_ Ama Amn Ho$ AZwamJ H$s ^mdZm go
â XoVm h &
`{X Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ AmZo go Bg H$ma H$s Zw~wdV H$m ^r
Xm'dVwb A_ra
45
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AV hmo J`m h Vmo Amn H$s ghm`Vm ggma Ho$ {bE EH$ H$mon ~Z
OmVr h VWm Hw$AmZ H$m ApVd Abm^H$mar hmo OmVm h & Bg pW{V
_| `h _mZZm nS>oJm {H$ Amn g.A.d. Ho$ AdVaU go nyd Vmo _Zw`
~S>o-~S>o nXm| VH$ nhM OmVm Wm, naVw Amn g.A.d. Ho$ AdVaU Ho$
nMmV Ch| CZ nXm| H$s mpV go amoH$ {X`m J`m VWm `h _mZZm
nS>oJm {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go nyd H$s {H$Vm~| Vmo Zw~wdV H$m nX nmZo _|
ghm`H$ hAm H$aVr Wt AWmV CZ Ho$ mam _Zw` Cg WmZ VH$ nhM
OmVm Wm Ohm go Abmh VAmbm Cgo Zw~wdV Ho$ nX Ho$ {ejU hoVw
MwZ boVm Wm, naVw Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m AZwgaU H$aHo$ _Zw` Cg nX VH$
Zht nhM gH$Vm & `{X dmVd _| `h ~mV hmo Vmo Abmh VAmbm Ho$
gMo CnmgH$m| Ho$ X` yZ hmo OmE Ama CZ H$s H$_a| Qy>Q> OmE `m|{H$
do Vmo g_V ggmam| Ho$ {bE X`m (ah_V) Ama g_V Z{~`m| Ho$ gaXma
Ho$ AmJ_Z na `h g_Po ~R>o Wo {H$ A~ h_mar Am`mp_H$ CZ{V Ho$
{bE ZE ma Iwb OmEJo Ama AnZo {`V_, g_V ggmam| Ho$ {VnmbH$
Ho$ Ama ^r {ZH$Q> hmo OmEJo, naVw ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m, n[aUm_
`h {ZH$bm {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) Zo AmH$a Omo ma nhbo Iwbo Wo CZH$mo
^r ~X H$a {X`m &
`m H$moB _mo{_Z agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ g~Y
_| Bg H$ma H$m {dMma EH$ jU Ho$ {bE ^r AnZo X` _| bm gH$Vm
h ? `m H$moB Amn H$m o_r EH$ jU Ho$ {bE ^r Bg AmWm na
H$m`_ ah gH$Vm h & wXm H$s gmJY Amn ~aH$V H$m EH$ g_w Wo
VWm Am`mp_H$ CZ{V H$m EH$ AmH$me Wo {OgH$s {dembVm H$mo H$moB
Zht nm gH$Vm & Amn g.A.d. Zo ah_V Ho$ ma ~X Zht H$a {XE
A{nVw Imob {XE h & Amn _| Ama nydH$mbrZ Z{~`m| _| `h AVa h
{H$ CZHo$ {e` Vmo _wh{{g`V VH$ nhM gH$Vo Wo Ama Zw~wdV H$m nX
mV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZH$mo AbJ {ejU H$s Amd`H$Vm nS>Vr Wr,
naVw AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s {e`Vm _| _Zw`
Zw~wdV Ho$ nX VH$ nhM OmVm h Ama {\$a ^r Amn (g.A.d.) H$m
C_Vr (AZw`m`r) ahVm h VWm {OVZr ^r CZ{V H$ao Amn g.A.d.
H$s Jwbm_r go ~mha Zht Am gH$Vm & CgHo$ nX H$s loR>Vm Cgo C_Vr
46
H$hbmZo go dV Zht H$a gH$Vr A{nVw dh AnZr loUr H$s loR>Vm Ho$
AZwgma Amn Ho$ CnH$ma Ho$ ^ma Ho$ ZrMo X~Vm Mbm OmVm h, `m|{H$
Amn gm{Z` Ho$ Cg WmZ VH$ nhM JE h {Og VH$ Xgam| H$s nhM
Zht hB Ama Amn (g.A.d.) Zo BVZr CMVm H$mo V` H$a {b`m h
{Og VH$ Xgam| H$m hmW VH$ Zht nhMm Ama Amn (g.A.d.) H$s
CZ{V Bg VrdJ{V go Omar h {H$ H$nZm epV ^r CgH$m AZw_mZ
bJmZo go Ag_W h & AV: Amn (g.A.d.) H$s C_V Zo ^r AmnHo$
H$X_ ~T>mZo go H$X_ ~T>m`m h VWm Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ CZ{V H$hZo go
CZ{V H$s h &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m `h nX Omo D$na dUZ
hAm h h_| {dde H$aVm h {H$ h_ Bg H$ma H$s Zw~wdV H$m {gb{gbm
Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ ~mX Omar g_P| `m|{H$ Bg_| Amn (g.A.d.) H$m
g_mZ h Ama BgHo$ ~X H$aZo _| Amn H$m Kmoa An_mZ h & H$mZ Zht
g_P gH$Vm {H$ `mo` {ejH$ H$m bjU `h h {H$ CgHo$ `mo` {e`
hm| VWm _hmamOm H$m bjU `h h {H$ CgHo$ AYrZ ~S>o-~S>o emgH$
hm| & `{X {H$gr {ejH$ Ho$ {e` {ZZ Va Ho$ h Vmo Cgo H$moB `mo`
{ejH$ Zht H$h gH$Vm Ama `{X {H$gr amOm Ho$ AYrZW {ZZ loUr Ho$
bmoJ hm| Vmo Cgo H$moB _hmamOm Zht H$h gH$Vm & _hmamOm ggma _|
g_mZ H$m nX h Z {H$ An_mZ Ama {VaH$ma H$m & Bgr H$ma dh
Z~r CZ Z{~`m| go ~S>m h {OgHo$ AZw`m`r Zw~wdV H$m nX mV H$aVo
h Ama {\$a ^r C_Vr hr ahVo h &
dmVd _| `h JbVr {Og _| Bg g_` Ho$ _wgb_mZ nS> JE h
(Bg g_` _ Bg{bE H$hVm h {H$ nydH$mbrZ ~wOwJm] H$s {H$Vm~| Bg
JbV AmWm Ho$ {dnarV H$Q> H$a ahr h, Ogo hOaV _w{h`wrZ BZo
Aa~r ah_Vwbmh, hOaV _wbm Abr H$mar Ama H$mS> {dmZ BZo
H$p`_ H$s {H$Vm~|, hOaV _mbmZm $_ H$s _Zdr, hOaV _wO{X
A{b\$ gmZr, e Ah_X ga{hXr Ho$ n B`m{X) Bg go CnZ hB h
{H$ Chm|Zo Zw~wdV Ho$ AW g_PZo _| JbVr H$s h VWm do g_PVo h
{H$ Z~r dhr hmoVm h Omo H$moB ZdrZ earAV bmE AWdm nhbr earAV
Ho$ Hw$N> AmXoem| H$mo {ZaV H$ao `m nhbo Z~r Ho$ AmkmnmbZ go ~mha
Xm'dVwb A_ra
47
Xm'dVwb A_ra
hmo, naVw _yb ~mV `h h {H$ ò ~mV| Z~r Ho$ {bE Amd`H$ Zht &
`h ^r hmo gH$Vm h {H$ Z~r BZ VrZm| H$mam| _| go {H$gr EH$ _|
gp_{bV hmo Ama `h ^r hmo gH$Vm h {H$ EH$ `pV _| ò VrZm| ~mV|
Z hm| & Z dh H$moB ZdrZ {H$Vm~ bmE, Z nhbr earAV Ho$ {H$gr
AmXoe H$mo {ZaV H$ao Ama Z Zw~wdV Cgo grYo Vma na mV hmo Ama
{\$a ^r dh Z~r hmo, `m|{H$ Zw~wdV EH$ {deof gm{Z`Vm Ho$ nX H$m
Zm_ h & {Og nX na nXmgrZ `pV H$m `h H$m_ hmoVm h {H$ dh
ggma H$m gwYma H$ao Ama bmoJm| H$mo wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa ItM H$a bmE
Ama {Zame X`m| H$mo OrdZ XmZ H$ao VWm ewH$ ndr H$mo ham âm
H$ao Ama wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go Omo H$bm_ bmoJm| Ho$ nW-XeZ Ho$
{bE CVam hmo Cgo bmoJm| VH$ nhMmE Ama EH$ Eogr O_mAV CnZ H$ao
Omo AnZo OrdZ H$mo g` Ho$ Mma _| bJm Xo VWm CgHo$ CXmhaU H$mo
XoIH$a AnZo X`m| H$m gwYma H$ao Ama AnZo H$_m] H$mo R>rH$ H$ao &
AV: Zw~wdV H$m BH$ma Zw~wdV Ho$ AW H$mo JbV g_PZo go CnZ
hAm h A`Wm Hw$N> H$ma H$s Zw~wdV| Vmo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$s emZ KQ>mZo Ho$ WmZ na Amn H$s emZ ~T>mZo dmbr h &
H$hm OmVm h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ nMmV Zw~wdV H$m {gb{gbm ~X H$aVm h `m|{H$ \$a_mVm
h
(_m H$mZm
_wh_XZ A~m Ah{Xp_Z [aOmboHw$_ dbm{H$Z agybbmho d
mV_Z{~`rZ) {H$ _wh_X Vw_ _| go {H$gr nwf Ho$ {nVm Zht h
naVw Abmh Ho$ agyb Ama mV_wZ{~`rZ h & AV: A~ H$moB Z~r
Zht Am gH$Vm, naVw Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Imob H$a Zht XoIm OmVm {H$
Abmh VAmbm mV_Z{~`rZ "V' H$mo \$Vh (O~a) Ho$ gmW \$a_mVm
h Z {H$ H$gam (Ooa) Ho$ gmW & Ama mV_ "V' H$s \$Vh (O~a) Ho$
AW _wha Ho$ hmoVo h Z {H$ I_ (g_mV) H$a XoZo Ho$ & Ama _wha
g`mnZ Ho$ {bE bJmB OmVr h & AV: Bg Am`V H$m AW Vmo `h
hmoJm {H$ _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Z{~`m| H$s _wha h & AV:
B_m_ ~wmar ah_Vwbmh Zo AnZr {H$Vm~ ghr ~wmar _|
mV_Z{~`rZ H$m AW Z{~`m| H$s _wha dmbo Z~r Ho$ hr {H$E h VWm
48
Bg Am`V H$s `m`m _| do hXrg| ZH$b H$s h {OZ go kmV hmoVm h
{H$ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ _w~maH$ eara na EH$
Zw~wdV H$s _wha Wr& 41
H$me bmoJ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ eXm| na {dMma H$aVo Vmo CZH$mo `h
YmoIm Z hmoVm & `{X do XoIVo {H$ Bg Am`V _| {df` `m dUZ hmo
ahm h Vmo Ch| kmV hmo OmVm {H$ nhbo Bg Am`V _| `h ~Vm`m J`m
h {H$ _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Vwhmao nwfm| _| go {H$gr
Ho$ {nVm Zht h Ama {\$a VnMmV "bm{H$Z' bmH$a agyb Ama
mV_Z{~`rZ Ho$ eX `moJ {H$E JE h & A~ `h ~mV nQ> h
{H$ "bm{H$Z' gXoh H$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$ {bE Am`m H$aVm h Ama `h
~mV òH$ _wgb_mZ OmZVm h {H$ nhbo dm` go `hr gXoh CnZ
hmo gH$Vm h {H$ gyah H$mga _| Vmo Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h (BZm em{ZAH$m hdb A~Va) Voam ew hr
A~Va (Za gVmZ go d{MV) h Vy A~Va Zht h Ama `hm d`
drH$ma H$aVm h {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) H$s Za gVmZ Z hmoJr & AV:
Bg gXoh Ho$ {ZdmaU hoVw eX "bm{H$Z' `moJ H$aHo$ ~Vm`m {H$ Bg
dUZ go Hw$N> bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _| EH$ gXoh CnZ hmo gH$Vm h Bg
H$m h_ {ZdmaU H$a XoVo h Ama dh Bg H$ma {H$ `{n emar[aH$
Vma na `h nwfm| _| go {H$gr H$m {nVm Zht Vmo ^r `h A~Va Zht
H$hbm gH$Vm `m|{H$ `h Abmh VAmbm H$m agyb h & AV: Bg H$m
Am`mp_H$ {gb{gbm {demb hmoJm Ama BgH$s Am`mp_H$ gVmZ
Ag` hmoJr {\$a mV_Z{~`rZ H$h H$a nhbo {df` na Ama CZ{V
H$s {H$ Z Ho$db ~hV go _mo{_Z CgH$s gVmZ _| hm|Jo A{nVw `h
Z{~`m| H$s ^r _wha h & CgH$s _wha go _Zw` Zw~wdV Ho$ nX na
nhM gHo$Jm & AV: Z Ho$db gm_m` bmoJm| H$m `h {nVm hmoJm A{nVw
Z{~`m| H$m ^r {nVm hmoJm & AV: Bg Am`V _| Vmo Bg H$ma H$s
Zw~wdV H$m ma Imobm J`m h Omo nhbo dUZ hmo MwH$s h Z {H$ ~X
{H$`m J`m h & hm Cg Zw~wdV H$m ma {ZgXoh Bg Am`V go ~X
H$a {X`m J`m h Omo ZB earAV dmbr hmo `m {~Zm _m`_ hmo,
`m|{H$ dh Zw~wdV `{X eof hmo Vmo Cg go Amn (g.A.d.) H$s
Xm'dVwb A_ra
49
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Am`mp_H$ {nVVm g_mV hmo OmEJr Ama CgH$mo Bg Am`V _| ZH$mam
J`m h &
`h ^r H$hm OmVm h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Zo \$a_m`m (\$BZr Am{b A{~`mE) Ama Bgr
(bm Z{~`m ~m'Xr) AV: BZ
H$ma `h \$a_m`m hXrgm| H$s pQ> go Amn Ho$ nMmV H$moB Z~r Zht Am gH$Vm, naVw
IoX {H$ ò bmoJ Am{bA{~`m H$mo Vmo XoIVo h, naVw _wpb_ H$s
hXrg _| Omo BgHo$ gmW hr
(d BZm _pOXr
Am{b _gm{OX) Am`m h Cgo Zht XoIVo & `{X
(\$BZr Am{b A{~`m) Ho$ AW h {H$ Amn Ho$ nMmV {H$gr
H$ma H$m Z~r Zht Vmo _pOXr Am{b _gm{OX Ho$ ^r `hr AW hm|Jo
{H$ Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s _pOX Ho$ nMmV H$moB
_pOX Zht ~ZdmB Om gH$Vr, naVw do hr bmoJ Omo "\$BZr Am{b
A{~`m' Ho$ eXm| go {g H$aHo$ ha H$ma H$s Zw~wdV H$mo ZH$ma XoVo
(_pOXr Am{b _gm{OX) Ho$ eXm| H$s
h & dh
_mOyXJr _| Z Ho$db Ama _pOX| ~Zdm aho h A{nVw BVZr _pOX| V`ma
H$am aho h {H$ AmO Hw$N> eham| _| _pOXm| H$s ~hVmV Ho$ H$maU ~hV
gr _pOX| Imbr nS>r h & Hw$N> WmZm| na Vmo _pOXm| _| ~rg-~rg
JO H$m \$mgbm ^r ~S>r _wpH$b go nm`m OmVm h & `{X Am{b
A{~`m Ho$ AmZo Ho$ H$maU H$moB _Zw` Z~r Zht hmo gH$Vm Vmo
"Am{b _gm{OX' Ho$ nMmV Xgar _pOX| `m| ~ZdmB OmVr h &
Bg Z H$m Cma `h {X`m OmVm h {H$ ò _pOX| agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s hr _pOX| h, `m|{H$ CZ _| Cg T>J
na CnmgZm H$s OmVr h {Og T>J H$s CnmgZm Ho$ {bE agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _pOX ~ZdmB Wr & AV: {V{~~ hmoZo
Ho$ H$maU ò Cg go nWH$ Zht h & Bg{bE Cg Ho$ Am{a hmoZo H$mo
ZH$maVr Zht & `h Cma R>rH$ h & naVw h_ H$hVo h {H$ Bgr H$ma
"\$BZr Am{b A{~`m' Ho$ ~mdOyX Eogo Z~r ^r Am gH$Vo h Omo
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ {bE ~Vma {V{~~ Ho$ hm|
Ama Omo ~OmE ZdrZ earAV bmZo Ho$ Amn (g.A.d.) hr H$s earAV
50
Ho$ AZw`m`r hm| VWm Amn (g.A.d.) H$s {ejm Ho$ gma Ho$ {bE hr
ôOo JE hm| Ama g~ Hw$N> CZ H$mo Amn (g.A.d.) hr Ho$ daXmZ go
mV hAm hmo & Bg H$ma Ho$ Z{~`m| Ho$ AmZo go Amn Ho$ Am{bA{~`m
hmoZo _| Cgr H$ma AVa Zht AmVm {Og H$ma Amn H$s _pOX Ho$
Z_yZo na ZB _pOXm| Ho$ V`ma H$amZo go Amn (g.A.d.) H$s _pOX Ho$
Am{b _gm{OX hmoZo _| H$moB AVa Zht AmVm &
Bgr H$ma "bm Z{~`m ~m'Xr' Ho$ ^r ò AW Zht {H$ Amn
(g.A.d.) Ho$ AdVaU Ho$ nMmV H$moB Z~r Zht Am gH$Vm A{nVw BgHo$
^r ò AW h {H$ Eogm Z~r Zht Am gH$Vm Omo Amn H$s earAV H$mo
W{JV H$ao, `m|{H$ ~mX dhr dVw hmo gH$Vr h Omo nhbr Ho$ g_mV hmoZo
na Ama^ hmo & AV: Omo Z~r agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
H$s Zw~w dV Ho$ g_WZ Ho$ {bE AmE dh agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ ~mX Z~r Zht H$hbm gH$Vm, dh Vmo Amn (g.A.d.) H$s
Zw~w dV Ho$ AXa h, ~mX Vmo V~ hmoVm O~ Amn (g.A.d.) H$s earAV
H$m H$moB AmXoe W{JV H$aVm & ~w{_mZ _Zw` H$m H$m` hmoVm h {H$
òH$ {df` na nyU $n go {dMma H$ao Ama eXm| H$s JhamB VH$ nhM o &
em`X Bht bmoJm| Ho$ g~Y _| Bgr H$ma Ho$ YmoIo _| nS> OmZo H$m ^`
Wm, {Og Ho$ H$maU hOaV AmBem a{O`bmhmo Ahm Zo \ $a_m`m {H$
(H$yby BZh mV_wb A{~`mE
dbm VH$y by bm Z{~`m ~m'Xh) AWmV ho bmoJmo ! `h Vmo H$hmo {H$ Amn
(g.A.d.) mV_wZ{~`rZ Wo, naVw `h Z H$hmo {H$ Amn Ho$ ~mX H$moB
Z~r Z hmoJm & `{X hOaV AmBem(a{O.) Ho$ {ZH$Q> agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ~mX {H$gr H$ma H$m ^r Z~r Zht Am gH$Vm Wm Vmo
Amn(a{O.) Zo
(bm Z{~`m ~m'Xh) H$hZo go bmoJm| H$mo `m| amoH$m
Ama `{X CZH$m {dMma C{MV Z Wm Vmo `m| ghm~m(a{O.) Zo CZHo$ H$WZ
H$m IS>Z Z {H$`m & AV: CZ H$m "bm Z{~`m ~m'Xh' H$hZo go amoH$Zm
~VmVm h {H$ CZHo$ {ZH$Q> AmhO aV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ~mX
Z~r Vmo Am gH$Vm Wm naVw earAV dmbm Z~r `m agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ go dV (nWH$ hmoH$a) Z~r Zht Am gH$Vm Wm Ama
ghm~m(a{O.) H$m Amn(a{O.) Ho$ H$WZ na Im_moe ahZm ~VmVm h {H$ eof g^r
Xm'dVwb A_ra
51
Xm'dVwb A_ra
ghm~m(a{O.) ^r CZH$s ^m{V Bg _gAbo H$mo _mZVo Wo &
IoX bmoJm| na {H$ do Hw$AmZ H$ar_ na {dMma Zht H$aVo Ama d`
R>moH$a ImVo h Ama Xgam| H$s R>moH$a H$m H$maU ^r ~ZVo h, {\$a IoX
CZ na {H$ do CZ bmoJm| na Omo CZH$s ^m{V R>moH$a Zht ImVo, H$mo{YV
hmoVo h Ama Ch| AY_u Ama H$m{\$a g_PVo h naVw _mo{_Z bmoJm| H$s
~mVm| go ^`^rV Zht hmoVm & dh wXm H$s AgZVm go ^`^rV hmoVm
h & _Zw` Xgao H$m `m {~JmS> gH$Vm h dh A{YH$ go A{YH$ `h
H$aoJm {H$ CgH$s h`m H$a Xo, naVw _mo{_Z _`w go ^`^rV Zht
hmoVm & CgHo$ {bE Vmo _`w {_-{_bZ H$m _m`_ hmoVr h & H$me !
`{X do Hw$AmZ H$ar_ na {dMma H$aVo Vmo Ch| kmV hmo OmVm {H$ dh
EH$ {demb OmZm h VWm EH$ Z g_mV hmoZo dmbm ^S>ma h Omo
_Zw` H$s g_V Amd`H$VmAm| H$s ny{V H$aZo dmbm h & CgHo$ AXa
Am`mp_H$ CWmZm| Ho$ BVZo _mJ dUZ {H$E JE h {H$ Cg go nyd H$s
{H$Vm~m| _| CZH$m Xgdm ^mJ ^r dUZ Zht hAm & `{X Ch| `h ~mV
kmV hmo OmVr Vmo do Hw$E Ho$ _|T>H$ H$s ^m{V AnZr n[apW{V`m| na
gZ Z hmoVo A{nVw Abmh VAmbm Ho$ gm{Z` Ho$ _mJ Vbme H$aZo _|
H$X_ _maVo Ama `{X do eXm| H$s ~OmE X`m| Ho$ gwYma Ho$ _hd H$mo
OmZVo Vmo `j kmZm| Ho$ nT> boZo na gVmof Z H$aVo A{nVw wXm
VAmbm go g~Y CnZ H$aZo H$m `mg H$aVo Ama `{X `h BN>m
CZHo$ X` _| CnZ hmo OmVr Vmo {\$a CZ _| `h {Okmgm ^r CnZ
hmoVr {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Zo {H$g gr_m VH$ _Zw` Ho$ {bE CZ{V Ho$
_mJ Imobo h & V~ Ch| kmV hmo OmVm {H$ do EH$ {N>Ho$ na gZ
hmoH$a ~R> aho Wo Ama EH$ mbr `mbm _wI go bJmH$a _V hmoZm
MmhVo Wo & `m H$maU h {H$ do gyah \$m{Vhm nT>Vo h naVw CZHo$
X` _| `h BN>m CnZ Zht hmoVr {H$ do nwaH$ma (BZm_) Omo CgHo$
AXa dUZ {H$E JE h h h_| ^r mV hm| & do amV-{XZ _| nMmg
~ma
(Bh{XZpgamVb
_wVH$s_m {gamVbOrZm AZAVm Ab`{h_) nT>Vo h, naVw CZHo$
X` _| `h {dMma O_ Zht boVm {H$ dh H$mZ gm nwaH$ma (BZm_) h
Omo h_ _mJ aho h & `{X do EH$ ~ma ^r g_P H$a Z_mO nT>Vo Vmo
52
CZ H$m X` Bg {dMma _| nS> OmVm {H$
({gamVb
_wVH$s_) Ama
({gamVbOrZm AZAVm
Ab`{h_) go `m A{^m` h Ama {\$a CZH$m `mZ d` hr gyah
{ZgmA H$s CZ Am`Vm| H$s Amoa {\$a OmVm {H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d bm AZh_ \$Aby _m `yAOyZm {~hr bH$mZm abh_ d

Aem V~rVZ d BObAmV`Zmh_ {_bm XZm AOaZ AOr_Z
dbhX`Zmh_ {gamV_wVH$s_m d _`w{VBbmhm dagybm \$CbmBH$m
_AbOrZm AZA_bmhmo Ab`{h_ {_ZZ[~`rZm dpgrH$sZm
dewhXmE dgm{bhrZ d hgwZm CbmBH$m a\$sH$m - Om{bH$b\$bmo
{_Zbmho d H$\$m {~bmho Abr_m)
AWmV `{X bmoJ Bgr H$ma AZwgaU H$aVo {Og H$ma CZ go H$hm
OmVm h Vmo CZHo$ {bE AN>m hmoVm VWm CZHo$ X`m| H$mo `h ~mV T>
H$a XoVr Ama Bg pW{V _| h_ CZH$mo ~hV ~S>m {V\$b XmZ H$aVo
Ama h_ Ch| gX_mJ {XIm XoVo Ama Omo bmoJ Abmh Ama CgHo$
agyb H$s Amkm H$m nmbZ H$a|Jo do CZ bmoJm| _| gp_{bV hm|J,o
{OZ na h_ Zo BZm_ {H$`m h AWmV Z{~`m| _|, gXm_m bmoJm| _|,
ehrXm| _| Ama gXmMm[a`m| _| & ò bmoJ A`V Cm_ {_ h & `h
Abmh VAmbm H$s AZwH$nm h VWm Abmh ^br ^m{V OmZZo dmbm h &
BZ Am`Vm| go nQ> h {H$ BZm_ mV dJ H$m _mJ {XImZo go
A{^m` Z{~`m|, gXm_m bmoJm|, ehrXm| Ama gXm-Mm[a`m| Ho$ dJ _|
gp_{bV H$aZm h & AV: O~ {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo AnZo agyb
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ _m`_ go h_mam nW-XeZ {H$`m h {H$
h_ {XZ _| bJ^J Mmbrg ~ma Cg go gX_mJ hoVw mWZm H$a| & dh
53
Xm'dVwb A_ra
d` gX_mJ H$s `m`m `h H$aVm h {H$ Z{~`m|, gXm_mAm|, ehrXm|
Ama gXmMm[a`m| Ho$ dJ _| gp_{bV H$a {X`m OmE, Vmo {H$g H$ma
g^d h {H$ Bg C_V Ho$ {bE Zw~wdV H$m ma òH$ H$ma go ~X
hmo & `m `h Cnhmg Zht ~Z OmVm Ama `m Abmh VAmbm H$s emZ
Cnhmg go loR>V_ Zht & `m `h g^d h {H$ dh EH$ Amoa Vmo h_
na ~b XoH$a H$ho {H$ _wPgo Z{~`m|, gXm_mAmo, ehrXm| Ama gXmMm[a`m|
Ho$ BZm_ _mJmo Ama Xgar Amoa nQ> H$h Xo {H$ _Zo Vmo ò BZm_ Bg
C_V na h_oem Ho$ {bE amoH$ {X`m & H$Xm{n Zht, H$^r Zht, Abmh
H$m ApVd g_V Xmofm| go n{d h VWm g_V XamMmam| go nmdZ h &
`{X CgZo `h BZm_ amoH$ {X`m hmoVm Vmo dh H$^r gyah \$m{Vhm _|
nwaH$V (BZm_ mV) dJ Ho$ _mJ H$s Amoa nW-XeZ H$s mWZm H$s
{ejm Z XoVm, Ama {\$a H$^r Cg _mJ H$s `h `m`m Z H$aVm {H$
h_mao Bg agyb Ho$ AZwgaU go _Zw` Z{~`m| Ho$ dJ _| ^r gp_{bV hmo
OmVm h &
H$hm OmVm h {H$ gyah {ZgmA H$s Am`V _|
(_AbOrZm AZA_bmhmo Ab`{h_) h Z {H$
({_ZbOrZm AZA_bmhmo Ab`{h_) & AV: Bg go A{^m` `h h
{H$ Bg C_V Ho$ gX` Z{~`m| Ho$ gmW hm|Jo Z {H$ Z{~`m| _|
gp_{bV, naVw Bg Amamon H$mo VwV H$aZo dmbo `h Zht gmoMVo {H$
Bg Am`V _| Ho$db Z{~`m| H$s hr MMm Zht A{nVw CZHo$ gmW hr
"gmW'
gXm_mAm|, ehrXm| Ama gXmMm[a`m| H$s ^r MMm h Ama `{X
Ho$ H$maU Bg Am`V Ho$ do AW h Omo ò bmoJ H$aVo h Vmo {\$a gmW hr
`h ^r drH$ma H$aZm nS>oJm {H$ Bg C_V _| H$moB gXm_m ^r Zht
hmoJm A{nVw Ho$db Hw$N> bmoJ gXm_mAm| Ho$ gmW aIo OmEJo Ama ehrX
^r H$moB Zht hmoJm, Ho$db Hw$N> bmoJ ehrXm| Ho$ gmW aIo OmEJo,
gXmMmar ^r H$moB Zht hmoJm, Ho$db Hw$N> bmoJ gXmMm[a`m| Ho$ gmW aIo
OmEJo & Xgao eXm| _| `h {H$ Bg C_V Ho$ g_V bmoJ ZoH$s Ama
g`_ H$s g_V lo{U`m| go d{MV hm|Jo Ho$db BZm_ _| CZ bmoJm| Ho$ gmW
gp_{bV H$a {XE OmEJo Omo nhbr C_Vm| _| go BZ lo{U`m| na nhMo
h naVw `m H$moB _wgb_mZ ^r Bg H$ma H$m {dMma X` _| bm
54
gH$Vm h & Bggo A{YH$ Bbm_ Ama Hw$AmZ Ama agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$m An_mZ `m hmoJm {H$ _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$s C_V _| go ZoH$ bmoJ ^r Z hm| A{nVw Ho$db Hw$N> bmoJ ZoH$
bmoJm| (gXm_mAm|) Ho$ gmW gp_{bV H$aHo$ aI {XE OmE & AV: `{X
"gmW' Ho$ eX na ~b XoH$a Zw~wdV H$m {gb{gbm ~X {H$`m OmEJm
Vmo {\$a CgHo$ gmW hr _wgb_mZm| Ho$ {bE g`-{ZR>m, draJ{V, Ama
gM[aVm H$m ma ^r ~X H$aZm nS>oJm &
_yb ~mV `h h {H$ "gmW' Ho$ AW `hr Zht hmoVo {H$ EH$ WmZ
`m EH$ `wJ _| Xmo dVwAm| H$s ^mJrXmar h A{nVw H$^r gmW loUr _|
gmPoXmar Ho$ {bE ^r AmVm h & Ogm {H$ Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(BZb _wZm{\$H$sZm {\$a{H$b A\$bo {_ZZma - dbZV{OXm

bh_ ZgraZ - BbbOrZm Vm~y d Agbh dmVg_y {~bmho d
Abgy XrZh_ {bbmho \$CbmBH$m _Ab_m{_ZrZ d gm\$m
`y{Vbmhw_m{_ZrZm AaZ AOr_Z) AWmV {ZM` hr `dmXr
(_wZm{\$H$) ZH$ Ho$ {ZMbo Vb _| hm|Jo Ama Vy {H$gr H$mo CZ H$m
ghm`H$ Zht nmEJm, naVw CZ_| go do Andm{XV h {Ohm|Zo Vm~m H$a
br Ama gwYma H$a {b`m VWm Abmh VAmbm H$mo T>VmnydH$ nH$S> {b`m
Ama AnZo Y_ H$mo _m Abmh hr Ho$ {bE H$a {X`m VWm ew^ H$_
H$aZo dmbm| VWm Abmh VAmbm hr Ho$ hmo Ho$ ahZo dmbm| Ama Amkm
nmbZ H$mo {deof H$a boZo dmbm| Ho$ g~Y _|
(_Ab_m{_ZrZ) Ho$ eX `moJ {H$E JE h & AV: `{X "_Am' Ho$ AW
Bg WmZ na "gmW' Ho$ {bE OmE Vmo CgH$m AW `h hmoJm {H$ ~mdOyX
BZ g~ ~mVm| Ho$ do _mo{_Z Zht ~ZoJo A{nVw Ho$db _mo{_Zm| Ho$ gmW aIo
OmEJo Ama `h ~mV nQ> Vma na {_`m h & AV: "_Am' Ho$ AW
H$^r loUr H$s gmPoXmar Ho$ ^r hmoVo h Ama Cht AWm] _|
CbmBH$m _AbOrZm AZA_bmhmo
55
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ab`{h_ H$s Am`V _| `h eX `moJ hAm h &
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ Ama ^r ~hV go WmZm| go kmV hmoVm h {H$ Cg
Zw~wdV H$m ma Bg C_V _| Iwbm h Omo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$s Zw~wdV H$s {V{~~ hmo VWm AmnH$s Zw~wdV Ho$ gma Ho$
{bE VWm AmnH$s XmgVm Ama Amkm nmbZ go mV hmo & AV: Abmh
VAmbm gyah Amam\$ _| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ama
Amn H$s C_V H$s MMm Ho$ _` \$a_mVm h -
(BZ_m ha_m ap~`b \$dm{hem _m Oham {_hm d_m ~VZm

db B_m db ~J`m {~J[ab hHo$ d AVwe[aHy$ {~bmho _mb_
`wZpOb {~hr gwVmZZ d AZ VHy$by Abbmho _m bm Vm'b_yZd{bHw$bo C_{VZ AOb \$BOm OmAm AObmoh_ bm `Vm{$Zm
gmAVZ dbm `VH${X_yZ - `m ~ZrAmX_m B_m `m{V`ZHw$_
gwbwp_Hw$_ `Hw$gyZm Ab`Hw$_ Am`mVr - \$_{ZmH$m d Abhm
\$bm m\w$Z Ab`{h_ d bm h_ `hOZyZ &)
AWmV CZH$mo H$h Xo {H$ _oao a~ Zo _wP na ~war ~mV| Omo Mmho
`jV: ~war hm| Mmho gy_ pQ> go CZH$s ~wamB kmV hmo, AdY H$s h
VWm nmn _| J{gV hmoZm, Adkm H$aZm Omo AH$maU hmoVr h Ama Abmh
VAmbm go VdmX H$aZm {OgHo$ {bE Abmh VAmbm Zo H$moB VH$ Zht
CVmam, VWm Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g~Y _| Eogr ~mV| H$hZm {OZH$s
gMmB H$m Vwh| kmZ Zht h AdY H$s h Ama òH$ O_mAV Ho$ {bE
EH$ g_` {Z`wV h & O~ CZH$m g_` Am OmVm h Vmo do Cg go Z
EH$ nb nrN>o hQ> gH$Vo h Ama Z AmJo ~T> gH$Vo h & ho AmX_ H$s
gVmZ ! `{X Vwhmao nmg _oao agyb AmE Omo Vw_ hr _| go hm| Ama
56
Vwh| _oao {ZemZ nT>-nT> H$a gwZmE Vmo Omo bmoJ g`_ YmaU H$a|Jo Ama
gwYma H$a|Jo CZH$mo Z ^{d` H$m ^` hmoJm Ama Z {nN>br ~mVm| H$m
emoH$ hmoJm & Bg Am`V go nQ> Vma na H$Q> h {H$ Bg C_V _| go
^r Z~r AmEJo, `m|{H$ _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s C_V
H$s MMm _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h {H$ `{X Vwhmao nmg Z~r AmE
Vmo CZH$mo drH$ma H$a boZm A`Wm H$Q> CR>mAmoJo & `h Zht H$hm Om
gH$Vm {H$ `hm "B_m' H$m eX Am`m h VWm `h eV H$mo {g H$aVm
h & `m|{H$ hOaV AmX_(A) Ho$ {ZH$mgZ H$s KQ>Zm Ho$ nMmV ^r
Abmh VAmbm Zo `hr eX `moJ {H$`m h & BgHo$ A{V[aV `{X
CgH$mo eV ^r g_P {b`m OmE Vmo ^r Cggo `h Vmo kmV hmo OmVm h
{H$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {ZH$Q> Zw~wdV H$m {gb{gbm ~X Zht `m|{H$ `h
Abmh VAmbm H$s emZ Ho$ {d h {H$ {Og ~mV H$mo dh d` ZH$ma
MwH$m hmo CgH$m eV Ho$ Vma na ^r dUZ H$ao &
H $w AmZ H$ar_ H$s gm`m| Ho$ A{V[aV agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ Ho$ H$bm_ go ^r `hr kmV hmoVm h {H$ Zw~w dV H$m ma d{MV
~X Zht & AV: AmZo dmbo _grh H$mo AmnZo ~ma-~ma Z~r Ho$ eX go
_aU {H$`m h& 51 `{X Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ ~mX {H$gr H$ma H$s ^r
Zw~w dV Zht hmo gH$Vr Wr Vmo Amn Zo _grh H$mo "Z{~`wbmh' (wXm H$m
Z~r) H$h H$a `m| g~mo{YV {H$`m h &
MmWm Amamon h_ na `h {H$`m OmVm h {H$ h_ {OhmX Ho$
BH$mar h & _wPo h_oem AmM` hmoVm h {H$ _Zw` BVZm PyR> `m|H$a
~mob gH$Vm h, `m|{H$ `h ~mV {H$ h_ {OhmX Ho$ BH$mar h {~Hw$b
PyR> h & h_mao {ZH$Q> Vmo {OhmX Ho$ {~Zm B_mZ hr nyU Zht hmo
gH$Vm & g_V H$_Omoar Omo Bbm_ Ama _wgb_mZm| H$mo nhMr h Ama
B_mZ H$s H$_Omoar A{nVw CgH$m A^md Omo CZ _| {XImB Xo ahm h
`h g~ Ho$db {OhmX _| Amb` Ho$ H$maU h & AV: `h H$hZm {H$
h_ {OhmX Ho$ BH$mar h h_ na {_`mamon h & O~ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$
~r{g`m| WmZm| na {OhmX H$s {ejm Xr JB h Vmo EH$ _wgb_mZ hmoZo
VWm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ AmgV hmoZo H$s pQ> go h_ {OhmX Ho$ BH$mar
H$go hmo gH$Vo h & hm h_ EH$ ~mV Ho$ A`V {damoYr h Ama dh
Xm'dVwb A_ra
57
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`h h {H$ Bbm_ Ho$ Zm_ na aVnmV, Cnd, Xoemoh, S>mH$m S>mbZm
VWm AnhaU {H$E OmE, `m|{H$ Bggo Bbm_ Ho$ gwXa _wI_S>b na
{ZVmV Hw$$n Y~m bJ OmVm h & h_ Bg ~mV H$mo ghZ Zht H$a
gH$Vo {H$ bmo^, bmbM, AhdmX Ama dmWnaVm Ho$ {bE Bbm_ Ho$
n{d AmXoem| H$mo {~JmS>m OmE & AV: h_ {OhmX Ho$ BH$mar Zht h
A{nVw Bg ~mV Ho$ {damoYr h {H$ H$moB `pV A`mMma Ama A`m`
H$m Zm_ {OhmX aI Xo &
ho A_ra ! Amn Bg ~mV H$mo g_P gH$Vo h {H$ `{X {H$gr Ho$
{`V_ na H$moB Amamon bJmE Vmo o_r H$mo `h ~mV {H$VZr ~war _mby_
hmoVr h Ama dh `pV Omo Bg Amamon bJmZo H$m oaH$ hmo Cgo Cg na
{H$VZm H$moY AmVm h & h_| ^r BZ bmoJm| go {eH$m`V h Omo Bbm_ H$mo
AnZo Zm_ go ~XZm_ H$aVo h, `m|{H$ do _wgb_mZ H$hbm H$a Bbm_ go
ewVm H$aVo h & AmO ggma Bbm_ H$mo EH$ Ag` Y_ VWm Bbm_
Ho$ agyb (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) H$mo EH$ A`mMmar ~mXemh
g_PVm h & `m Bg{bE {H$ CgZo agybo H$ar_ Ho$ OrdZ _| H$moB Eogr
~mV XoIr h Omo g`_ Aa B_mZXmar Ho$ {d h & Zht, A{nVw Bg
H$maU go {H$ _wgb_mZm| Zo AnZo H$_m] go Cg Ho$ _pVH$ _| Hw$N> Eogr
~mV| {dQ> H$a Xr h {H$ dh CZH$mo EH$ nb Ho$ {bE ^r ^wbm Zht
gH$Vm & _oao {ZH$Q> BZ ^`H$a A`mMmam| _| go Omo agybo _H$~yb
(gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) na {H$E JE h, EH$ `h A`mMma h {H$
d` _wgb_mZm| Zo Amn (g.A.d.) H$mo Omo gmjmV X`m Wo Omo EH$ MtQ>r
H$mo ^r j{V nhMmZm ngX Zht H$aVo Wo, Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| Ho$ gm_Zo
Eogo $n _| VwV {H$`m h {H$ CZHo$ X` Amn (g.A.d.) go KUm
H$aZo bJo h VWm CZHo$ _pVH$ Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ {d {dMmam| go
â JE h &
_ Mmam| Amoa go {OhmX-{OhmX H$m da gwZVm h, naVw dh H$mZ
gm {OhmX h {OgH$s Amoa wXm Ama Cg H$m agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ bmoJm| H$mo ~wbmVo Wo Ama AmO H$mZ gm {OhmX h {OgH$s Amoa
bmoJm| H$mo ~wbm`m OmVm h & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ h_| {Og {OhmX H$s Amoa
~wbmVm h dh Vmo `h h {H$
58
(\$bm Vw{VBbH$m{\$arZm d Om{hXh_ {~hr {OhmXZ H$~raZ) AWmV
H$m{\$am| H$s ~mV drH$ma Z H$a Ama Bg Hw$AmZ Ho$ mam H$m{\$am| Ho$
gmW EH$ _hmZ {OhmX H$a, naVw AmO `m _wgb_mZ Bgr Hw$AmZ mam
{OhmX H$s Amoa bmoJm| H$mo ~wbmVo h & {H$VZo bmoJ h Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_
hmW _| boH$a H$m{\$am| Ho$ gmW {OhmX H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZH$b IS>o hE h,
`m Bbm_ Ama Hw$AmZ _| H$moB ^r `pVJV Omha Zht {Og go dh
bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| H$mo AnZr Amoa AmH${fV H$a gH|$ & `{X `h ~mV g`
h Vmo {\$a Bbm_ Ho$ gMo hmoZo H$m `m _mU h & _Zw`m| Ho$ H$bm_
bmoJm| H$m X` de _| H$a boVo h, naVw Ho$db wXm hr H$m H$bm_ Eogm
{Z^mdr h {H$ CgHo$ mam bmoJm| Ho$ X` Zht OrVo Om gH$Vo Bg{bE
Vbdma H$s Amd`H$Vm h {Og go bmoJm| H$mo _Zdm`m OmE, naVw AmO
VH$ Zht XoIm J`m {H$ Vbdma mam X`m| na {dO` mV H$s Om gH$s
hmo & Bbm_ Vmo Bg ~mV H$mo {YH$maVm h {H$ Y_ ^` `m bmbM go
drH$ma {H$`m OmE & AV: Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(BOm OmAH$b _wZm{\$Hy$Z H$mby ZehXmo BZH$m bagybwbmho

dbmhmo `mb_mo BZH$m bagybmoh - dbmhmo èhXmo BZb
_wZm{\$H$sZm bH$m{O~yZ) AWmV `dmXr O~ Voao nmg AmVo h Vmo H$hVo
h h_ Jdmhr XoVo h {H$ Vy Abmh H$m agyb h Ama Abmh OmZVm h
{H$ Vy CgH$m agyb h, naVw Abmh `h Jdmhr XoVm h {H$ _wZm{\$H$
(`dmXr) PyR>o h & `{X Bbm_ Ho$ gma Ho$ {bE Vbdma H$m {OhmX
dY hmoVm Vmo `m do bmoJ Omo Bbm_ H$mo drH$ma H$a MwHo$ Wo, naVw
X` _| `dmXr Wo CZH$s MMm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ BZ eXm| _| H$aVm Omo
D$na dUZ hE h, `m|{H$ Bg n[apW{V _| Vmo ò bmoJ Ogo Hw$AmZr
{ejm H$m n[aUm_ hmoVo & H$mZ Amem H$a gH$Vm h {H$ Vbdma Ho$ gmW
dh {ZN>b bmoJm| H$s O_mAV CnZ H$a boJm & AV: `h ~mV JbV
h {H$ Bbm_ Vbdma mam A` Y_ dmbm| H$mo Bbm_ _| Xm{Ib H$aZo
H$m AmXoe XoVm h & Bbm_ Vmo g~go nhbm Y_ h Omo `h H$hVm h
59
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{H$ Y_ Ho$ g~Y _| dVVm hmoZr Mm{hE & AV: Abmh VAmbm
\$a_mVm h
(bm BH$amhm {\$rZ
H$X V~`ZXmo {_Zb Jò) Y_ Ho$ _m_bo _| H$moB ~b `moJ Zht
hmoZm Mm{hE `m|{H$ {hXm`V (nW-XeZ) Jw_amhr (nW-^Q>Vm) go
nQ> hmo JB h & AV: òH$ `{$ VH$m] Ho$ gmW g` H$mo drH$ma
H$aZo AWdm AdrH$ma H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma aIVm h & Bgr H$ma
\$a_mVm h -
(d H$m{Vby \$s g~r{bbm{hbOrZm `wH$m{VbyZHw$_ dbm Vm'VX

- BZbmhm bm `w{h~wb _m'VXrZ) Ama Y_ H$s bS>mB CZ bmoJm| go
bS>mo Omo Vw_ go bS>Vo h, naVw `h `mZ aImo {H$ A`mMma Z H$a
~R>mo & AV: O~ {H$ Bbm_ Ho$db CZ go hr Ym{_H$ `w H$aZo H$s
Amkm XoVm h Omo Y_ Ho$ Zm_ na _wgb_mZm| go `w H$a| VWm _wgb_mZm|
H$mo ~bnydH$ Bbm_ go {d_wI H$aZm Mmh| Ama CZHo$ g~Y _| ^r `h
AmXoe XoVm h {H$ A`mMma Z H$amo A{nVw `{X do H$ OmE Vmo Vw_ ^r
Bg H$ma H$s bS>mB H$mo `mJ Xmo & Vmo {\$a `h `m|H$a H$hm Om
gH$Vm h {H$ Bbm_ H$m AmXoe h {H$ A` Y_ dmbm| go AnZo Y_ Ho$
gma Ho$ {bE `w H$amo & Abmh VAmbm Vmo {d{^Z Y_m] H$mo ZQ>
H$aZo Ho$ {bE Zht A{nVw {d{^Z Y_m] H$s gwajm Ho$ {bE `w H$s Amkm
XoVm h & Ogm {H$ \$a_mVm h -
(C{OZm {bbOrZm `wH$mVbyZm {~AZh_ Ow{b_y d BZbmhm

Abm Zgao{h_ bH$XrZ AbOrZm C[aOy {_Z {X`mao{h_ {~Jao
hpH$Z Bbm A`Hy$by a~wZbmh - d bmbm XCbm{hZmgm
60
~mOmh_ {~~m{OZ bh{_V gdm{_Amo d {~`CZ d gbdmVwZ d
_gm{OXmo `wOH$amo \$s h_wbmho H$graZ db`gwaZbmhmo _`gwah
BZbmhm bH${d`wZ AOrO &) AWmV Amkm Xr JB h CZ bmoJm| H$mo
{OZ go AH$maU `w {H$`m OmVm h `w H$r, Bg{bE {H$ CZ na
A`mMma {H$`m J`m h Ama Abmh VAmbm CZH$s ghm`Vm H$aZo na
gm_`dmZ h & ò do bmoJ h Omo AnZo Kam| go {ZXm}f {ZH$mbo JE h,
CZ H$m H$moB Xmof Z Wm {gdmE Bg Ho$ {H$ do H$hVo Wo {H$ Abmh
h_mam nmbZo dmbm h Ama `{X Abmh VAmbm Hw$N> bmoJm| Ho$ mam Hw$N>
bmoJm| H$m hmW Z amoH$Vm Vmo BgmB`m| Ho$ {JaOm Ka, ~am{J`m| Ho$
EH$mVdmg, `h{X`m| Ho$ {gZoJmJ Ama _pOX| {OZ _| Abmh VAmbm H$m
Zm_ ~mh` Ho$ gmW {b`m OmVm h {Jam Xr OmVt, Ama Abmh VAmbm
CgH$s ghm`Vm H$aoJm Omo CgH$s ghm`Vm H$aoJm & Abmh VAmbm
epVembr Ama ~bdmZ h &
`h Am`V| {H$VZo nQ> eXm| _| ~VmVr h {H$ Ym{_H$ `w V^r
dY h O~{H$ H$moB H$m_ "a~wZbmh' (Abmh hr h_mao nmbZo dmbm
h) H$hZo go amoHo$ AWmV Y_ _| hVjon H$ao VWm CZH$m Co` `h Zht
{H$ A` Om{V`m| Ho$ CnmgZm-Jhm| H$mo CZHo$ mam {Jam`m OmE Ama CZgo
CZHo$ Y_ H$m `mJ H$am`m OmE `m CZH$s h`mE H$s OmE A{nVw
CZH$m Co` `h h {H$ CZ Ho$ mam g_V Y_m] Ho$ CnmgZm-Jhm|
H$mo Wm{nV aIm OmE Ama `hr Co` Bbm_r {ejm Ho$ AZwHy$b h,
`m|{H$ Bbm_ ggma _| gmjr Ama ajH$ Ho$ Vma na Am`m h Z {H$
A`mMmar Ama A`m`r Ho$ &
AV: {OhmX {OgH$s Bbm_ Zo Amkm Xr h `h h {H$ Cg Om{V Ho$
{d `w {H$`m OmE Omo bmoJm| H$mo Bbm_ go ~bnydH$ {d_wI H$ao `m
Cg_| doe H$aZo go ~bnydH$ amoHo$ VWm Bg_| gp_{bV hmoZo dmbm| H$mo
Ho$db Bbm_ H$mo drH$ma H$aZo Ho$ AnamY _| H$b H$ao, Cg Om{V Ho$
A{V[aV Xgar Om{V go {OhmX Zht hmo gH$Vm & `{X `w hmoJm Vmo
Ho$db amOZ{VH$ Ama Xoe Ho$ {bE `w hmoJm Omo Xmo _wgb_mZ H$m_m| _|
^r nana hmo gH$Vm h &
`h A`mMmanyU `w Omo H$B ~ma S>mH$m Ama aVnmV go A{YH$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
61
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ama Hw$N> Zht hmoVm, X^m` go _w` Y_m] go Bbm_ _| Am`m h A`Wm
Bbm_ _| CgH$m Zm_mo{ZemZ VH$ Zht Wm VWm g~go A{YH$ Bg AmWm
Ho$ gma H$m Amamon BgmB`m| na h Omo AmO BgHo$ H$maU g~ go A{YH$
_wgb_mZm| na Eo{VamO H$aVo h & _` H$s eVmpX`m| _| Bg H$ma Ho$
Ym{_H$ `wm| H$s BVZr MMm Wr {H$ gnyU `yamon H$B H$ma Ho$ `wm| _|
`V ahVm Wm & EH$ Amoa ò _wgb_mZm| H$s gr_mAm| na Bgr H$ma
N>mno _maVo ahVo Wo {Og H$ma AmO AYdV gahXr (gr_m na ahZo
dmbo) mZXmZ {hXVmZr gr_mAm| na AmH$_U H$a aho h VWm Xgar
Amoa `yamon H$s CZ Om{V`m| na AmH$_U H$a aho Wo Omo Cg g_` VH$
BgmB`V _| {dQ> Zht hB Wt & CZ A`mMmanyU AmH$_Um| _| wXm
VAmbm H$s gZVm g_PVo Wo & _mby_ hmoVm h Ogm {H$ {Z`_ h
H$moY _| AmH$a _Zw` H$s ~w{ na nXm nS> OmVm h, _wgb_mZm| Zo
BgmB`m| H$s BZ Mmbm| go ^m{dV hmoH$a d` ^r Cht H$s Vah N>mno
_maZo Ama^ H$a {XE h VWm AnZo Y_ H$s {ejm H$mo AVV: {~Hw$b
hr ^wbm ~R>o h `hm VH$ {H$ dh `wJ Am J`m {H$ do hr Omo CZ Ho$
Jw$ Wo CZ na Eo{VamO H$aZo bJ JE, naVw IoX `h h {H$ ~mdOyX
Amamonm| Ho$ {\$a ^r _wgb_mZ Zht g_PVo & AmO gmao ggma _| Bbm_
Ho$ {d `hr h{W`ma `moJ {H$`m OmVm h, naVw _wgb_mZm| H$s AmI|
Zht IwbVt, do ew Ho$ hmW _| Vbdma nH$S>m aho h {H$ Bgo bmo Ama
Bbm_ na AmH$_U H$amo & do Zht XoIVo {H$ ò A`mMmanyU `w {OZH$m
Zm_ {OhmX aIm OmVm h Bbm_ Ho$ {hV _| Z hmoH$a Cgo hm{Z nhMm
aho h & dh H$mZ gr epV h {OgZo Bg h{W`ma mam {dO` mV H$s
hmo & `w _| g`m H$m_ Zht Am`m H$aVr A{nVw H$meb, `dWm,
{ejm, gm_mZ, CmoOZm Ama Xgar Om{V`m| H$s ghmZw^y{V H$m_ AmVr
h & Hw$N> N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r Om{V`m BZ ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU ~S>r-~S>r gaH$mam| H$mo
nam{OV H$a XoVr h Ama `{X `h ~mV| Z hm| Vmo ~S>r-~S>r goZmE ^r
H$_Omoa Ama Abm^H$mar hmoVr h & AV: C{MV hmoVm {H$ _wgb_mZ
AnZr gwajm Ho$ {bE CZ gmYZm| H$mo mV H$aZo H$m `mg H$aVo Z {H$
{OhmX H$m JbV AW boH$a Bbm_ H$mo ~XZm_ H$aVo VWm d` ^r hm{Z
ghZ H$aVo, `m|{H$ O~ bmoJm| H$mo `h kmV hmo OmE {H$ H$moB Om{V
62
AnZo Y_ H$s AmS> _| gmgm[aH$ `w H$aVr h Vmo g_V Om{V`m Cg Ho$
{damoY _| EH$ hmo OmVr h, `m|{H$ do Bg go Eogm IVam _hgyg H$aVr
h, {Og go `m`dmZ go `m`dmZ gaH$ma ^r gwa{jV Zht ah gH$Vr,
A` Y_ H$s òH$ gaH$ma {dMma H$a boVr h {H$ _ Bg go {H$VZm
^r C{MV `dhma H$$ _wPo Bggo empV mV Zht hmo gH$Vr `m|{H$
Bg H$m `w A`m` `m Cnd Ho$ AmYma na Zht A{nVw Y_ Ho$ _VôX
Ho$ H$maU h &
AV: h_ {OhmX Ho$ BH$mar Zht A{nVw {OhmX Ho$ CZ JbV AWm]
Ho$ {damoYr h {Og go Bg g_` Bbm_ H$mo A`V AmKmV nhMm h &
h_mao {ZH$Q> _wgb_mZm| H$s CZ{V H$m ah` Bg g_`m Ho$ g_PZo _|
Nw>nm hAm h & `{X do Bg ~mV H$mo ^br-^m{V g_P b| {H$ {OhmX
H$~ra57 (~S>m {OhmX) Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ _m`_ go hmo gH$Vm h Z {H$
Vbdma go, Ama `{X do g_P b| {H$ Y_ H$m _VôX {H$gr Ho$ mU `m
CgHo$ _mb AWdm Cg H$s {VR>m58 H$mo H$Xm{n dY Zht H$a XoVm, Vmo
CZHo$ X`m| _| Bg H$ma Ho$ n[adVZ CnZ hmo OmE {Og go d`
CZH$mo gX_mJ na MbZo H$s Amoa `mZ hmo Ama
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(bgb{~am} {~AZ VmVwb ~w`yVm {_Z Owh[ahm dbm{H$Zb {~am

_{ZmH$m dmVwb~w`yVm {_Z A~dm{~hm dmHw$bmhm bAbHw$_
Vw\${bhZ) na H$màV hmoH$a CZ{V Ho$ ghr Co` H$mo g_P| Ama CZ
na H$màV hm| &
ho ~mXemho A\$Jm{ZVmZ ! {Og H$ma Amn Ho$ Zm_ _| A_mZ
(A_Z, empV) H$s Amoa gHo$V h, Bgr H$ma wXm H$ao {H$ Amn Ho$
mam A\$Jm{ZVmZ Xoe Ama gr_mAm| na empV Wm{nV hmo & _Zo
gmpVH$ Vma na O_mAV Ah_{X`m H$s AmWmE VWm CZ na hmoZo
dmbo Amamon Ama CZHo$ Cma ~Vm {XE h & A~ _ MmhVm h {H$ gjon
_| {gb{gbm Ah_{X`m Ho$ gWmnH$ hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X gm{h~(A)
Ho$ Xmdo VWm CgHo$ g~yVm| Ho$ g~Y _| ^r Hw$N> dUZ H$$, Vm{H$ Abmh
63
Xm'dVwb A_ra
VAmbm Ho$ g_j g\$b R>h$ {H$ _Zo Cg H$m gXoe AmnH$mo nhMm {X`m
Wm Ama Vm{H$ Amn Abmh VAmbm H$s BN>m na gyMZm nmH$a CgHo$
AZwgma H$m` H$aZo H$m `mg H$a| Ama Abmh VAmbm H$s AZwH$nmAm| Ho$
Cmam{YH$mar hm| VWm CgHo$ o_ H$mo Am_gmV H$a| &
hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X

Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$m Xmdm
hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$m Xmdm Wm {H$
Amn H$mo Abmh VAmbm Zo Om Ho$ nW-XeZ Ama {hXm`V Ho$ {bE
AdV[aV {H$`m h Ama `h {H$ Amn dhr _grh h {OZ H$s MMm hXrgm|
_| AmVr h Ama dhr _hXr h {OZ H$m dmXm AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ Ho$ mam {X`m J`m h & Amn CZ g_V ^{d`dm{U`m| H$mo
nyU H$aZo dmbo h Omo {d{^Z Y_m] H$s {H$Vm~m| _| EH$ gwYmaH$ Ho$
g~Y _|, Omo ApV_ `wJ _| H$Q> hmoJm M{MV h, Ama `h {H$
AmnH$mo Abmh VAmbm Zo Bbm_ H$s ghm`Vm Ama g_WZ Ho$ {bE ôOm
h VWm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m kmZ Amn(A) H$mo XmZ {H$`m h, CgHo$
Am`mp_H$ kmZ Ama CgH$s dmV{dH$VmE Amn na H$Q> H$s h, g`_
Ho$ gy_ _mJm] go AmnH$mo AdJV {H$`m h, agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ Ho$ d^d Ama _hmZVm Ho$ H$Q>Z H$m H$m`^ma Amn Ho$ gwnwX
{H$`m h VWm Bbm_ H$mo A` Y_m] na {dO`r H$aZo H$s godm Amn Ho$
gwnwX H$s h, Amn H$mo ggma _| Bg{bE ôOm h Vm{H$ ggma H$mo ~VmE
{H$ dh Bbm_ Ama agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go o_
aIVm h VWm bmoJm| H$m CZ go Xa ahZm Ama bmnadmh ahZm Cgo
{MH$a Zht &
Bgr H$ma Amn H$m `h Xmdm Wm {H$ My{H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ gnyU ggma H$s Amoa AdV[aV hE Wo VWm Abmh
VAmbm H$r BN>m Wr {H$ gnyU ggma H$mo Amn Ho$ hmW na EH$ H$ao &
Bg{bE Abmh VAmbm g_V Y_m] Ho$ nydH$mbrZ ~wOwJm] Ho$ _wI go
64
ApV_ `wJ _| Cgr Y_ Ho$ EH$ nydH$mbrZ Z~r Ho$ Xmo~mam AmJ_Z H$s
^{d`dmUr H$am Xr Wr Vm{H$ Om{VJV KUm ImV_wZ{~`rZ
Ab{hgbm_ na B_mZ bmZo _| ~m{YV Z hmo & BZ ^{d`dm{U`m| _|
dmVd _| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ EH$ C_Vr
Am{XQ> (_m_ya) H$s gyMZm Xr JB Wr Vm{H$ CgHo$ mam agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m g`mnZ hmoH$a g_V Y_ Amn Ho$ hmW
na EH$ hmo OmE & AV: ò g_V ^{d`dm{U`m Amn Ho$ AmZo go nyU
hmo JB VWm Amn BgmB`m| Ama `h{X`m| Ho$ {bE _grh, OaVpV`m| Ho$
{bE _{g`moXa~h_r Ama {hXAm| Ho$ {bE H$U Ho$ g_$n hmoH$a AmE h
Vm{H$ g_V Y_mdbp~`m| na Cht H$s {H$Vm~m| go AmnH$m g` hmoZm
{g hmo {\$a Amn Ho$ _m`_ go Bbm_ H$s gMmB H$m kmZ hmoH$a do
agyb H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s XmgVm H$s n[a{Y _| ~mYo
OmE &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Amn Ho$ Xmdo Ho$ g~yV

Amn Ho$ Xmdo H$mo g{jV eXm| _| dUZ H$a XoZo Ho$ nMmV _
gmpVH$ Vma na Bg ~mV Ho$ g~Y _| Hw$N> dUZ H$a XoZm C{MV
g_PVm h {H$ EH$ wXm H$s Amoa go Am{XQ> (_m_ya) Ho$ Xmdo H$s
gMmB Ho$ `m g~yV hmoVo h, {\$a `h {H$ CZ g~yVm| mam AmnHo$ Xmdo
na `m H$me nS>Vm h, `m|{H$ O~ `h {g hmo OmE {H$ EH$ `pV
dmVd _| wXm H$s Amoa go Am{XQ> h VWm Cgr H$s Amoa go ôOm hAm
h Vmo {\$a g{jV Vma na CgHo$ g_V Xmdm| na B_mZ bmZm A{Zdm`
hmo OmVm h, `m|{H$ gX~w{ Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma Zht H$a gH$Vr {H$
EH$ `pV wXm VAmbm H$m Am{XQ> (_m_ya) ^r hmo Ama bmoJm| H$mo
YmoIm XoH$a g` go Xa ^r bo OmVm hmo & `{X Eogm hmo Vmo `h Abmh
VAmbm Ho$ kmZ na EH$ ~S>m hma hmoJm Ama {g hmoJm {H$ h_ Bg
~mV go wXm H$s eaU MmhVo h, CgZo AnZo MwZmd _| ~hV ~S>r JbVr
H$s Ama EH$ Eogo `pV H$mo AnZm Am{XQ> (_m_ya) ~Zm {X`m Omo X`
go An{d Ama X{fV Wm VWm g` Ama g`Vm Ho$ gma Ho$ WmZ na
65
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AnZr _hmZVm Ama g_mZ MmhVm Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$ ApVd na
d` H$mo _wIVm XoVm Wm &
BgHo$ A{V[aV {H$ `h AmWm gX~w{ Ho$ {d h, Hw$AmZ H$ar_
^r Bgo {_`m R>hamVm h `m|{H$ Abmh VAmbm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _|
\$a_mVm h {H$ -
(_m H$mZm {b~e[aZ A`y{V`hbmhb{H$Vm~m dbh_m

dZw~wdVm gw_m `Hy$bmo {bZmgo Hy$Zy B~mXZ br {_Z X{Zbmho
dbm{H$Z Hy$Zy a~m{Z`rZm {~_m Hw$Vw_ VwApb_yZb{H$Vm~m d {~_m
Hw$Vw_ VXgyZ - dbm `m_wamHw$_ AZ Vm{Owb_bmBH$Vm
dZ{~`rZm Aa~m~Z A`m_wamoHw$_ {~bHw$\o$ ~mXm BO AVw_
_wpb_yZ) `h Zht hmo gH$Vm {H$ EH$ `pV H$mo Abmh VAmbm
{H$Vm~, AmXoe Ama Zw~wdV XoH$a ôOo Ama [\$a dh bmoJm| go `h H$ho
{H$ wXm H$mo `mJ H$a _oao ~Xo (Xmg) ~Z OmAmo A{nVw dh Vmo `hr
H$hoJm {H$ wXm VAmbm Ho$ hmo OmAmo Bg H$maU {H$ Vw_ wXm Ho$ H$bm_
(dmUr) H$s bmoJm| H$mo {ejm XoVo hmo Ama nT>Vo hmo, Ama Z `h hmo
gH$Vm h {H$ Eogm `pV bmoJm| go `h H$ho {H$ \$[aVm| `m Z{~`m| H$mo
a~ g_P bmo `m|{H$ `h g^d Zht {H$ dh `mg H$aHo$ bmoJm| H$mo
_wgb_mZ ~ZmE Ama {\$a Ch| H$m{\$a H$a Xo &
AV: _yb Z `h CR>Vm h {H$ _m_y[a`V (Am{XQ>Vm) H$m Xmdm
H$aZo dmbm dmVd _| gMm h `m Zht ? `{X CgH$s gMmB {g hmo
OmE Vmo CgHo$ g_V Xmdm| H$m g` ^r gmW hr {g hmo OmVm h Ama
`{X CgH$m g` hmoZm hr {g Z hmo Vmo CgHo$ g~Y _| {ddaU _|
nS>Zm g_` H$mo ZQ> H$aZm h & AV: _ Bgr {gmV Ho$ AZwgma Amn
Ho$ Xmdo na pQ> S>mbZm MmhVm h, Vm{H$ Amn _m`da H$mo CZ g~yVm|
go g{jV aJ _| kmZ mV hmo OmE {OZ Ho$ AmYma na AmnZo Bg Xmdo
66
H$mo VwV {H$`m h Ama {OZ na pQ> S>mbVo hE bmIm| bmoJm| Zo Amn
H$mo Bg g_` VH$ drH$ma {H$`m h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
W_ g~yV
g_` H$s Amd`H$Vm (g_` H$s _mJ)
g~ go nhbm g~yV {Og go {H$gr _m_ya (Am{XQ>) H$s gMmB {g
hmoVr h dh "`wJ H$s Amd`H$Vm' h & Abmh VAmbm H$m {Z`_ h {H$
dh AZw{MV Ama Hw$g_` H$moB H$m` Zht H$aVm, O~ VH$ {H$gr dVw H$s
Amd`H$Vm Zht hmoVr dh Cgo Zht CVmaVm & O~ {H$gr dVw H$s
dmVd _| Amd`H$Vm CnZ hmo OmE Vmo dh Cgo amoH$ H$a Zht
aIVm & _Zw` H$s emar[aH$ Amd`H$VmAm| _| go H$moB dVw Eogr Zht
{Ogo Abmh VAmbm Zo CnbY Z {H$`m hmo & CgH$s N>moQ>r go N>moQ>r
Amd`H$Vm nyU H$a Xr h & AV: O~ {H$ CgZo gmgm[aH$ Amd`H$VmAm|
H$mo nyU H$aZo H$r BVZr `dWm H$s h Vmo `h CgH$s {VR>m, CgH$s
loR>Vm Ho$ {d h {H$ dh CgH$s Am`mp_H$ Amd`H$VmAm| H$m `mZ
Z aIo VWm Ch| nyU H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$moB gmYZ CnZ Z H$ao & `{n
{H$ eara EH$ Zda dVw h Ama CgHo$ H$Q> AWm`r h, CgH$s CZ{V
gr{_V h VWm Bg Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| _mZd Am_m ($h) Ho$ {bE h_oem
H$m OrdZ {Z`wV {H$`m J`m h, CgHo$ H$Q> EH$ Agr_ Ad{Y VH$ b~o
hmo gH$Vo h VWm CgH$s CZ{V Ho$ _mJ _mZd-~w{ H$s gr_m go A{YH$
h &
Omo `pV ^r Cg H$me H$s ghm`Vm go wXm VAmbm H$s
{deofVmAm| na pQ> S>mboJm Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go mV hmoVr h dh H$^r
Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma Zht H$aoJm {H$ Om H$s Am`mp_H$ n[apW{V Vmo
{H$gr gwYmaH$ H$s _whVmO hmo, naVw Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go H$moB
Eogm ~Y Z {H$`m OmE {OgHo$ mam CgH$s Amd`H$Vm nyU hmo gHo$ &
`{X Eogm hmo Vmo _Zw` H$m O_ hr {ZaWH$ hmo OmVm h & naVw
Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h -
67
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d_m bZg_mdmVo dbAOm d_m ~Zh_m bmB~rZm - d _m

bZmh_ Bbm {~hHo$ dbm {H$Zm AH$gah_ bm `m'b_yZ)
AWmV h_ Zo AmH$mem| Ama ndr H$mo VWm BZ XmoZm| Ho$ _` Omo Hw$N> h
CgH$mo `m| hr `W ~Vma Iob Ho$ CnZ Zht {H$`m A{nVw h_ Zo Cgo
An[adVZr` {gmV Ho$ AVJV CnZ {H$`m h, naVw A{YH$me bmoJ
Bg ~mV go n[a{MV Zht &
AV: dmV{dH$Vm `hr h {H$ O~ H$^r Om H$s Am`mp_H$ Xem
{~JS> OmVr h VWm {H$gr gwYmaH$ H$s _whVmO hmoVr h Vmo Abmh
VAmbm AnZr Amoa go EH$ gwYmaH$ ôO XoVm h Omo bmoJm| H$mo gX_mJ H$s
Amoa bmVm h VWm CZHo$ AmV[aH$ Xmofm| H$mo Xa H$aVm h &
`{n Abmh VAmbm H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo pQ> _| aIVo hE `h
~mV ~w{ H$s pQ> go ^r Ag^d kmV hoVr h {H$ Amd`H$Vm Ho$ g_`
Abmh VAmbm AnZo ~Xm| H$mo Aghm` N>moS> Xo, naVw Abmh VAmbm Zo
Bg {df` H$mo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| {ddaU g{hV ^r dUZ H$a {X`m h &
Ogm {H$ \$a_mVm h (d Bp_Z eBZ Bbm BXZm OmBZwh d_m ZwZpO
bmoh Bbm
{~H$X[a_m'by_) AWmV òH$ dVw Ho$ ^S>ma h_mao nmg h, h_ Cgo
Zht CVmaVo naVw {deof AZw_mZm| Ho$ AVJV & AWmV òH$ dVw H$mo
Abmh VAmbm Amd`H$VmZwgma CVmaVm h, Z CgHo$ H$m` {~Zm {H$gr
Zr{V Ho$ h {H$ Amd`H$Vm Z hmoVo hE {H$gr dVw H$mo H$Q> H$ao Ama Z
CgHo$ hmW gH$sU h {H$ Amd`H$Vm Ho$ g_` ^r H$Q> Z H$a gHo$ &
Bgr H$ma \$a_mVm h (d AmVmHw$_ {_Z Hw$bo _m gAbVw_yhmo d BZ VC Z_Vbmho
bm Vwhgyhm) AWmV Abmh VAmbm Zo ha dh dVw Omo Vw_ Zo _mJr
Vw_H$mo XmZ H$a Xr h, Ama `{X Vw_ Abmh VAmbm H$s Zo_Vm| H$mo
{JZZm Mmhmo Vmo {JZ Zht gH$Vo & Bg Am`V _| _mJZo go A{^m`
68
dmV{dH$ Amd`H$Vm hr h, `m|{H$ òH$ dVw {Ogo _Zw` _mJVm h
Cgo mV Zht hmo OmVr, naVw `h Ad` h {H$ òH$ dmV{dH$
Amd`H$Vm {OgH$s AmH$mjm _Zw` Ho$ d^md _| aIr JB h AWdm
òH$ AmH$mjm {OgH$m ^md _Zw` Ho$ Agr{_V OrdZ na nS>Vm h
CgHo$ nyam hmoZo H$m gm_mZ Abmh VAmbm Ad` H$aVm h &
`h Vmo gm_m` {Z`_ h naVw nW-XeZ Ho$ gX^ _| Vmo wXm
VAmbm {deofV: \$a_mVm h {H$ O~ CgHo$ ~Xo nW-XeZ Ho$ _whVmO
hm| Vmo dh CZHo$ {bE Ad` nW-XeZ Ho$ gm_mZ CnbY H$aVm h
A{nVw CgZo `h H$m` AnZo hr Xm{`d _| bo aIm h Xgao H$mo Bg_|
^mJrXma hr Zht ~Zm`m & AV: \$a_mVm h (BZm
Ab`Zm bbhXm) _Zw`m| H$m nW-XeZ H$aZm h_mam Xm{`d h VWm
Bg H$m` H$s `dWm H$mo d` go hr g~ H$a aIm h &
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ g_` H$s Amd`H$VmZwgma bmoJm| Ho$ nW-XeZ H$m
gm_mZ CnZ H$aZo H$mo Z Ho$db A{Zdm` hr R>hamVm h A{nVw Cg go
kmV hmoVm h {H$ `{X Eogm ~Y AbmhVAmbm H$s Amoa go Z hmoVm Vmo
~Xm| H$m A{YH$ma hmoVm {H$ b` Ho$ {XZ Abmh VAmbm na Eo{VamO
H$aVo {H$ O~ CgZo CZHo$ nmg nW-XeH$ Zht ôOo Vmo dh CZgo Cma
`m| _mJVm h VWm CZH$mo H$mo{nV `m| H$aVm h & AV: gyah "Vmhm'
_| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d bmbm AZm AhbH$Zmh_ {~AOm{~p_ZH$pbhr bH$mby

a~Zm bmbm AagVm Bb`Zm agybZ \$Zm{~Am Am`m{VH$m {_Z
H$bo AZ Z{Obm d ZOm) AWmV `{X agyb Ho$ AdVaU go nyd
h_ CZ na H$mon CVma XoVo Vmo ò h_ na Amamon H$aVo {H$ O~ h_
nW-^Q> Wo VWm nW-XeZ Ho$ _whVmO Wo Vmo VyZo h_mar Amoa H$moB
agyb `m| Z ôOm {H$ h_ An_m{ZV Ama ~XZm_ hmoZo go nyd hr Voao
AmXoem| H$mo drH$ma H$a boVo & Abmh VAmbm CZHo$ Bg Eo{VamO H$mo
drH$ma H$aVm h, CgH$m IS>Z Zht H$aVm A{nVw Bg {df` H$mo Hw$AmZ
69
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$ar_ AZoH$m| WmZm| na dUZ H$aHo$ BgHo$ _hd H$mo {g H$aVm h &
Bggo ^r ~T>H$a `h h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Amd`H$VmZwgma nWXeH$ ôOo {~Zm H$mo{nV H$aZo H$mo A`m` R>hamVm h & AV: \$a_mVm
h -
(`m _meab{OZo dbBgo Ab_ `m{VHw$_ gwbwp_Hw$_

`Hw$gyZm Ab`Hw$_ Am`mVr d `wpO$ZHw$_ {bH$mAm `m{_Hw$_ hmOm
- H$mby e{hXZm Abm A\w${gZm d JaVh_wbh`mVwZ`m d e{hX
Abm A\w${g{h_ AZh_ H$mZy H$m{\$arZ - Om{bH$m Ab_ `Hw$Z
a~wH$m _wh{bH$bHw$am {~Owp_Z d Ahbmohm Jm{\$byZ) ho {OZm| VWm
_Zw`m| H$s g_yhmo ! `m Vwhmao nmg h_mao agyb Zht AmE Wo Omo Vwh|
h_mao AmXoe nT>-nT> H$a gwZmVo Wo Ama Vw_ na Omo `h {XZ AmZo dmbm
Wm Cg go Vwh| S>amVo Wo & Chm|Zo H$hm h_ AnZo {d d` Jdmhr
XoVo h Ama Ch| ^m{VH$ OrdZ Zo YmoIm Xo {X`m & Chm|Zo AnZo {d
d` Jdmhr Xo Xr {H$ do H$m{\$a Wo & `h (agybm| H$m ôOZm VWm
H$m{\$am| na hOV Wm{nV H$aZm) Bg{bE {H$`m {H$ Voam wXm eham|
H$mo Bg Xem _| {H$ bmoJ bmnadmh Wo A`m`nyU T>J na ZQ> Zht H$a
gH$Vm Wm &
BZ Am`Vm| Ho$ {df` go kmV hmoVm h {H$ gVH$ {H$E {~Zm {H$gr
Om{V na hOV Wm{nV H$a XoZm VWm CgH$mo ZQ> H$a XoZo H$m \$dm
bJm XoZm A`m` h AWdm Xgao eXm| _| `h {H$ `{X H$moB Om{V nWXeZ H$s _whVmO hmo Ama Abmh VAmbm CgHo$ {bE nW-XeH$ Z
ôOo, naVw b` Ho$ {XZ Cgo XS> Xo Xo {H$ Vw_ Zo `m| wXm Ho$ AmXoem|
H$m nmbZ Z {H$`m Wm Vmo `h A`m` hmoJm Ama Abmh VAmbm A`m`
H$aZo dmbm Zht & AV: g^d Zht {H$ bmoJ nW-XeZ Ho$ _whVmO hm|,
naVw dh CZHo$ nW-XeZ H$m Cnm` Z H$ao &
70
nhbo Omo {df` JwOam Cg go `h {g hmoVm h {H$ Bbm_ H$s
pQ> go O~ {H$gr `wJ Ho$ bmoJ {hXm`V (nW-XeZ) Ho$ _whVmO hm| Vmo
Abmh VAmbm CZH$s {hXm`V H$m gm_mZ CnZ H$aVm ahVm h naVw
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go h_| `h ^r _mby_ hmoVm h {H$ Bg gm_m` {Z`_ Ho$
A{V[aV _wh_X (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) H$s C_V go Cg H$m
EH$ {deof dmXm ^r h, dh `h h
(BZm
ZhZmo ZObZpOH$am d BZm bh bhm{\$OyZ) AWmV h_Zo hr Bg
{ejm H$mo CVmam h Ama h_ hr BgH$r gwajm H$a|Jo &
A~ gwajm Xmo H$ma H$s hmoVr h EH$ Vmo "`j gwajm' Ama Xgar
"AWm] H$s gwajm' & O~ VH$ XmoZm| H$ma H$s gwajm Z hmo H$moB dVw
gwa{jV Zht H$hbm gH$Vr & CXmhaUV`m `{X EH$ njr H$s Imb, Mm|M
Ama na gwa{jV H$a {XE OmE VWm Cg_| ^ygm â H$a aI {b`m OmE
Vmo dh njr g_` Ho$ ^md go gwa{jV Zht H$hbmEJm & Bgr H$ma
`{X CgH$s Mm|M Qy>Q> OmE, na Qy>Q>-\y$Q> OmE Ama ~mb CIS> OmE Vmo
dh ^r gwa{jV Zht H$hbm gH$Vm & EH$ {H$Vm~ {OgHo$ AXa bmoJm| Zo
AnZr Amoa go Hw$N> B~maV| ~T>m Xr hm| `m Cg H$s Hw$N> B~maV| bw H$a
Xr hm| `m {Og H$s ^mfm _wXm hmo JB hmo VWm CgHo$ g_PZo H$s H$moB
`mo`Vm Z aIVm hmo `m Omo Cg Co` H$mo nyU H$aZo go Ag_W ah JB
hmo, {Og Ho$ {bE Cgo CVmam J`m Wm gwa{jV Zht H$hbm gH$Vr, `{n
{H$ CgHo$ eX gwa{jV h naVw Cg Ho$ AW ZQ> hmo JE h, O~{H$ AW
hr _yb dVw h & eXm| H$s gwajm ^r Ho$db AWm] H$s gwajm hoVw hr
H$s OmVr h & AV: Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s gwajm go A{^m` CgHo$ eXm|
VWm Cg Ho$ AWm] XmoZm| H$s gwajm h &
Bg dmXo Ho$ EH$ ^mJ H$mo nyU H$aZo AWmV Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s `j
gwajm Ho$ {bE Abmh VAmbm Zo Omo Cnm` {H$E h CZH$m A``Z
_Zw` H$mo AmM`M{H$V H$a XoVm h & O~ VH$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Zht CVam
Wm, Z Aa~r ^mfm gJ{hV hB Wr Z CgHo$ {Z`_ gnm{XV hE Wo, Z
eXH$mof Wm, Z _whmdam| H$mo n[a{Y _| {b`m J`m Wm, Z AW Ama ~`mZ
H$s {Z`_mdbr ~ZmB JB Wr Ama Z boI H$s gwajm H$m gm_mZ hr Hw$N>
CnbY Wm, naVw Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ CVaZo Ho$ nMmV Abmh VAmbm Zo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
71
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{d{^Z bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _| BH$m (wXm H$s Amoa go {H$gr ~mV H$m X`
_| S>mbm OmZm - AZwdmXH$) H$aHo$ BZ g_V kmZm| H$mo gH${bV H$adm`m
Ama Ho$db Hw$AmZ H$ar_ hr H$s gwajm Ho$ {dMma go `mH$aU H$s {dm,
AW Ama ~`mZ H$s {dm, eXm| Ho$ ghr CMmaU H$s {dm, ^mfm Ho$
eXm| H$s ~ZmdQ> Ama CgHo$ _whmdam| H$s {dm, B{Vhmg H$s {dm,
B{Vhmg H$mo gH${bV H$aZo Ho$ {Z`_m| H$s {ejm, Ama Ym{_H$ {Z`_m| H$s
{dm B`m{X {dmAm| H$s ~w{Z`mX nS>r VWm BZ {dmAm| Zo BVZr A{YH$
CZ{V mV H$s {OVZm {H$ BZ {dmAm| H$m Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s gwajm go
g~Y Wm & AV: `j {dmAm| _| Ho$db `mH$aU Ama eXm| Ho$ kmZ
H$m g~Y Hw$AmZ H$s gwajm Ho$ gmW gdm{YH$ h VWm BZ {ejmAmo H$mo
BVZr CZ{V mV hB h {H$ `yamon Ho$ bmoJ Bg `wJ _| ^r Aa~r
`mH$aU Ama eXH$mof H$mo g~ ^mfmAm| go loR> Ama A{YH$ gJhrV
g_PVo h &
BZ {dmAm| H$s CZ{V Ho$ A{V[aV Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s gwajm Ho$
{bE hOmam|, bmIm| bmoJm| Ho$ X` _| Hw$AmZ H$mo H$R>W H$aZo H$s BN>m
CnZ H$a Xr JB VWm Cg H$s B~maV H$mo Eogm ~Zm`m J`m {H$ Z J
h Z n, {Oggo Bg H$m H$R>W H$aZm ~hV hr AmgmZ hmoVm h &
òH$ `pV {Ogo {^Z-{^Z H$ma H$s B~maVm| H$mo H$R>W H$aZo H$m
Adga mV hAm h OmZVm h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s Am`Vm| H$m H$R>W
H$aZm g_V B~maVm| go A{YH$ gab Ama gwJ_ hmoVm h & AV: EH$
Amoa `{X Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Eogr B~maV _| CVmam J`m h {H$ CgH$m H$R>W
H$aZm {ZVmV gab hmo J`m h Vmo Xgar Amoa bmIm| bmoJm| Ho$ X` _|
CgHo$ H$R>W H$aZo H$s {Okmgm CnZ H$a Xr JB h VWm Z_mOm| _|
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s {VbmdV (Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo D$Mo da _| nT>Zm)
A{Zdm` H$aHo$ ha _wgb_mZ H$mo CgHo$ {H$gr Z {H$gr ^mJ H$s gwajm
H$m Xm{`d Xo {X`m J`m h & `hm VH$ {H$ `{X Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s
g_V {V`m| H$mo ^r "ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m' H$moB ew ZQ> H$a
S>mbo, V~ ^r Hw$AmZ H$ar_ ggma go {_Q> Zht gH$Vm &
`h Hw$N> CXmhaU Omo _Zo dUZ {H$E h Bg ~mV H$mo {g H$aZo Ho$
{bE n`mV h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s `j gwajm Ho$ {bE AbmhVAmbm
72
Zo ~hV go gmYZ CnZ H$a {XE h {OZ H$s CnpW{V _| Cg H$m ZQ>
hmo OmZm {~Hw$b Ag^d hmo J`m h &
A~ `h Z CnZ hmoVm h {H$ O~ eXm| H$s gwajm hoVw Omo
CgHo$ ApVd H$m Co` Zht h Abmh VAmbm Zo BVZo gmYZ bnbY
{H$E Vmo `m g^d h {H$ dh AWm] H$mo `m| hr N>moS> Xo VWm CZ H$s
gwajm Z H$ao ? òH$ `pV Omo ~w{ Ama {ddH$ go H$m_ boZo H$s
n[anmQ>r aIVm h, Bg Z H$m `hr Cma XoJm {H$ Zht `h ~mV g^d
Zht h & `{X Abmh VAmbm Zo `j gwajm H$m ~Y {H$`m h Vmo
AmV[aH$ gwajm H$m ~Y Cg go H$ht A{YH$ {H$`m hmoJm Ama `hr
~mV C{MV h & Bg Am`V - BZm ZhZmo ZOZpOH$am d BZm bh
bhm{\$OyZ _| XmoZm| hr H$ma H$s gwajm H$s MMm h, empXH$ ^r Ama
AWm] H$s ^r & AWm] H$s gwajm H$m g~ go ~S>m ^mJ `h h {H$ O~
bmoJ Hw$AmZ Ho$ nW-XeZ go Xa hmo OmE Ama Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m H$me
gHw${MV hmo H$a eXm| _| Am OmE Ama bmoJm| Ho$ X` CgHo$ ^md Ama
A{YH$ma go [aV hmo OmE Vmo Abmh VAmbm AnZo nmg go Eogo gmYZ
CnZ H$ao {OZ Ho$ mam Cg Ho$ ^md H$mo nwZ: Wm{nV H$ao VWm CgHo$
AWm] H$mo nwZ: H$Q> H$ao VWm EH$ H$hmZr H$mo {ZOud pW{V go {ZH$mb
H$a EH$ g\$b {ZXmZ mam OrdZ Ama ZdrZVm XmZ H$ao & AV: BZ
AWm] H$m g`mnZ ghr hXrgm| go ^r hmoVm h & hOaV A~y haam(a{O.)
dUZ H$aVo h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \$a_m`m
{H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
(BZbmhm `~Agmo {bhm{O{hb C_Vo Abm amgo Hw$bo {_AVo

gZ{VZ _`wO{Xmo bhm XrZhm)* Abmh VAmbm Bg C_V Ho$ {bE
òH$ eVmXr Ho$ ga na Ad` Eogo bmoJ IS>o H$aVm ahoJm Omo CgHo$ Y_
*
hm{\$O Zo Bg hXrg Ho$ g`mnZ na gh_{V H$Q> H$s h & CZ_| go
Abhm{H$_ Zo AnZr nwVH$ "Ab_wVXaH$' Ama ~hH$s Zo "Ab_wXb' _| &
73
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$mo CgHo$ bm^ Ama {hV Ho$ {bE CgH$mo ZdrZVm XmZ H$aVo ah|Jo &
`h hXrg dmVd _| BZm ZhZmo ZOZpOH$am d BZm bh
bhm{\$OyZ H$s `m`m h VWm Am`V Ho$ {df` Ho$ EH$ ^mJ H$mo gm_m`
Vma na g_Po OmZo dmbo eXm| _| agybo H$as_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Zo dUZ \$a_m`m h Vm{H$ `j Ho$ nwOmar VWm WmoS>r g_P dmbo
bmoJ Bg Am`V Ho$ AWm] H$mo Ho$db `j go g~ Z H$a| VWm Bbm_
Y_ H$s gwajm Ho$ EH$ epVembr _m`_ H$mo N>moS> H$a AnZo {bE VWm
Xgam| Ho$ {bE R>moH$a H$m H$maU Z hm| &
Bg hXrg go ^r kmV hmoVm h {H$ BZ bmoJm| Ho$ AdVaU H$m g_`
Omo BZ Xmofm| Ho$ gwYma hoVw AmEJo Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ AWm] Ama
A{^m`m| H$mo Z g_PZo go Ama Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go Xa hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU
CnZ hm|Jo, eVmXr H$m ga (ma^) hmoJm, Ogo {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s
gwajm hoVw XJm] H$s Eogr lIbm ~Zm Xr JB h {H$ H$^r ^r Bbm_ Eogo
bmoJm| go Imbr Zht ah gH$Vm Omo `m Vmo {H$gr _wO{X Ho$ gJV mV
bmoJ hm| `m gJV mV bmoJm| Ho$ gJV mV hm| & Bg H$ma dh Xmof
Omo A` g_V Y_m] _| CnZ hmo MwH$m h {H$ CZ H$m AW {~JS> H$a
Hw$N> H$m Hw$N> hmo J`m h Bg go Bbm_ {~Hw$b gwa{jV h VWm Cg
dmXo Ho$ AZwgma {~Hw$b gwa{jV ahoJm &
(1) gmame `h h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go kmV hmoVm h {H$ _Zw`
H$s ^m{VH$ AWdm Am`mp_H$ Amd`H$VmAm| H$mo Abmh VAmbm Ad`
nyU H$aVm h, {deofV`m Am`mp_H$ Amd`H$VmAm| H$mo Omo AnZo
{dembV_ ^md Ama _hd H$s pQ> go ^m{VH$ Amd`H$VmAm| na
_wI h & `{X Abmh VAmbm Eogm Z H$ao Vmo {dd Ho$ CnZ H$aZo
H$s {H$`m {ZaWH$ hmo OmE &
(2) `h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo Bg ~mV H$m dmXm ^r {H$`m h {H$
~Xo H$mo O~ nW-XeZ H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoJr Vmo dh CgH$mo nW-XeZ
XmZ H$aoJm &
(3) `{X dh Eogm Z H$ao Vmo ~Xo H$m A{YH$ma h {H$ Cg Ho$ H$m`
na Eo{VamO H$ao &
(4) `{X dh Amd`H$Vm Ho$ g_` nW-XeZ H$m ~Y Z H$ao Ama
74
nW-^Q> bmoJm| H$mo XS> Xo Vmo `h A`m` hmoJm Ama wXm A`m`r Zht &
(5) _wgb_mZm| Ho$ gwYma Ho$ {bE Bg H$ma Ho$ bmoJ gXm ôOVo
ahZo H$m Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ AWm] H$s gwajm H$aZo dmbo hm| {deofVma
na dmXm h &
(6) hXrgm| go kmV hmoVm h {H$ ò bmoJ H$_ go H$_ òH$
eVmXr Ho$ ga na Ad` H$Q> hm|Jo &
ho ~mXemho A\$Jm{ZVmZ ! A~ Abmh VAmbm AmnHo$ X` H$mo
AnZr ~mVm| H$mo drH$ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Imob Xo & Amn {dMma H$a| {H$
`m Bg g_` `wJ H$mo {H$gr wXmB gwYmaH$ H$s Amd`H$Vm h `m Zht ?
hXrg| Vmo `h ~VmVr h {H$ gmYmaUV`m EH$ eVmXr Ho$ ga na Bg
H$ma H$s Amd`H$Vm CnZ hmo OmVr h {H$ Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa
go H$moB `pV AdV[aV hmoH$a Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ AWm] H$m dUZ H$ao VWm
Bbm_ Y_ H$s ghr dmV{dH$Vm bmoJm| na H$Q> H$ao & Bg g_`
eVmXr H$m ga N>moS> H$a AY eVmXr Ho$ bJ^J JwOa MwH$s h, naVw
h_ BZ hXrgm| H$mo ^r AZXoIm H$a XoVo h Ama Ho$db KQ>ZmAm| H$mo XoIVo
h {H$ `m Bg g_` {H$gr gwYmaH$ H$s Amd`H$Vm h AWdm Zht &
`{X Bg g_` _wgb_mZm| VWm A` Om{V`m| H$s pW{V Eogr Cm_ h {H$
dh {H$gr wXmB gwYmaH$ H$s _whVmO Zht Vmo h_| {H$gr XmdoXma Ho$ Xmdo
na H$mZ aIZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht, naVw `{X BgHo$ {dnarV _wgb_mZm|
H$s pW{V nwH$ma nwH$ma H$a H$h ahr hmo {H$ `{X Bg g_` {H$gr
gwYmaH$ H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht Vmo {\$a H$^r ^r {H$gr gwYmaH$ H$s
Amd`H$Vm Zht hB AWdm `{X Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| H$s ewVm Ama Bbm_
H$mo {_Q>mZo H$m `mg gr_m go ~T>m hAm hmo Vmo h_| drH$ma H$aZm nS>oJm
{H$ Bg g_` wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go H$moB `pV AmZm Mm{hE Omo
Bbm_ H$mo nwZ: CgHo$ _yb $n _| VwV H$aHo$ Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| Ho$
AmH$_Um| H$mo dV H$ao VWm _wgb_mZm| H$mo gMm Bbm_ g_Pm H$a,
CZHo$ X`m| _| Ym{_H$ o_ OmJV H$aHo$ Bbm_ H$s OrdZXm{`Zr epV
H$mo H$Q> H$ao &
BZ Zm| Ho$ Cma {H$ Bg g_` _wgb_mZm| H$s Xem H$gr h VWm
CZHo$ ewAm| H$m A`m` {H$g gr_m VH$ ~T>m hAm h _oao {ZH$Q> Xmo Zht
Xm'dVwb A_ra
75
Xm'dVwb A_ra
hmo gH$Vo & òH$ `pV Omo {H$gr {deof {hV H$mo `mZ _| aIVo hE
dmV{dH$Vm H$mo JwV aIZm Zht MmhVm `m _mZdVm go BVZm Xa Zht
hmo J`m {H$ dh AN>o Ama ~wao _| AVa H$aZo H$s ^r `mo`Vm Zht
aIVm, Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma {H$E {~Zm Zht ah gH$Vm {H$ Bg g_`
_wgb_mZ `dhma Ama AmWm Ho$ Vma na Bbm_ go {~Hw$b Xa Om nS>o
h & `{X {H$gr `wJ Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ nj _| `h Am`V Ajae: M[aVmW hmo
gH$Vr h {H$
(`m a~o BZm
H$m{_mOy hmOb Hw$AmZm _hOyaZ) (ho _oao a~ ! {ZM` hr _oar
H$m_ Zo Bg Hw$AmZ H$mo nrR> nrN>o \|$H$ {X`m h) Vmo do Bg `wJ Ho$ bmoJ
h & AmO `h Z Zht ahm {H$ bmoJm| Zo H$mZ gr ~mV Bbm_ H$s
N>moS>r h A{nVw Z `h CnZ hmo J`m h {H$ Bbm_ H$s H$mZ gr
~mV _wgb_mZm| _| eof ah JB h & {H$gr Zo g` H$hm h {H$ _wgb_mZ
XaJma d _wgb_mZr Xa {H$Vm~ (AWmV _wgb_mZ Vmo H$~ _| Mbo JE
na _wgb_mZr {H$Vm~ _| eof h) Bbm_ H$m {ZemZ Ho$db Hw$AmZ H$ar_
Ama ghr hXrgm| Ama ~wOwJm] H$s {H$Vm~m| _| {_bVm h, CgH$m {ZemZ
bmoJm|| Ho$ OrdZ _| H$ht Zht {_bVm & W_ Vmo bmoJ Bbm_r {ejm go
n[a{MV hr Zht Ama `{X n[a{MV hmoZm ^r Mmh| Vmo CZHo$ {bE Bbm_
go n[a{MV hmoZm bJ^J Ag^d hmo J`m h, `m|{H$ Bbm_ H$s òH$
dVw hr {dH$V H$a Xr JB h & Abmh VAmbm Ho$ n{d ApVd Ho$
g~Y _| Eogr AmWmE {ZH$mbr JB h {H$ {Oh| drH$ma H$aHo$
gwhmZbmh d{~hpXhr gwhmZbm{hb
AOr_ _wI go {ZH$mbZm EH$ gMo _Zw` Ho$ {bE H${R>Z h, \$[aVm| Ho$
gX^ _| Eogr ~mV| ~ZmB JB h {H$ "IwXm H$s eaU ! do ApVd {OZ
Ho$ gX^ _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h (`\$AbyZm
_m `mo_$Z) ({Og ~mV H$m Ch| AmXoe {X`m OmVm h dhr H$aVo h)
H$ht CZH$mo wXm na Amamon H$aZo dmbm R>ham`m OmVm h, H$ht _Zw` Ho$
$n _| CVma H$a An{d p`m| H$m o_r ~Zm`m OmVm h, Z{~`m| H$s
Amoa PyR> Ama nmn H$mo g~ H$aHo$ CZgo Omo o_ H$m ZmVm hmoZm
Mm{hE Cgo EH$ hr hma go H$mQ> {X`m OmVm h VWm wXm Ho$ H$bm_
H$mo eVmZr hVjon H$m {eH$ma ~Zm H$a Cgo {~Hw$b hr A{ddgZr`
76
H$a {X`m OmVm h, eam~, dJ Ama ZaH$ H$m dh {ddaU VwV {H$`m
OmVm h {H$ `m Vmo ò AmWmE H${d`m| Ho$ _Xb Ama H$mo_b {dMma ~Z
OmVr h `m {\$a {d{M Cnhmg`wV H$hm{Z`m hmo OmVr h &
Xgao Z~r Vmo Xa Ho$ bmoJ Wo AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
H$s Amoa H$ht OZ~ H$s o_ H$hmZr Ama H$ht MwnHo$-MwnHo$ EH$ Xmgr go
g~Y H$s KQ>Zm VWm Bgr H$ma H$s gXmMma go {Jar hB A` KQ>ZmAm|
H$mo g~ H$aHo$ Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ nyU VWm loR>V_ gXmMmam| go
gwemo{^V `pVd H$mo Hw$$n H$aHo$ {XIm`m OmVm h Ama
(H$mZm wbwHw$hb Hw$AmZ) H$s Bg gm` H$mo Omo
Amn H$s gdm{YH$ ah`domm (hOaV AmBem a{O`bmhmo Ahm) H$s
gm` h CgH$s AdhobZm H$s OmVr h &
{ZagZ (ZgI) H$r g_`m H$m Am{dH$ma H$aHo$ VWm Hw$AmZ H$ar_
Ogr nyU {H$Vm~ _| AnZo X` go _VôX {ZH$mb H$a CgH$s ~hV gr
Am`Vm| H$mo earAV bmZo dmbo Ho$ nQ> VH$ `m Am`V Ho$ {~Zm {ZaV
R>ham`m OmVm h VWm Bg H$ma EH$ {dMmaH$ `pV Ho$ {bE CgH$s
H$moB Am`V ^r AZwgaUr` Ama {ddgZr` eof Zht N>moS>r OmVr &
_ygm(A) Ho$ {gb{gbo Ho$ EH$ _`w mV Z~r H$mo dmng bmH$a _wh_X
(gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) H$s C_V H$s A`mo`Vm Ama agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s {ddeVm H$m H$Q>Z {H$`m OmVm h &
`h Vmo AmWmAm| H$s pW{V h, H$_m] H$s pW{V ^r Hw$N> H$_
IoXOZH$ Zht & nMhma {VeV bmoJ Z_mO-amoOm go bmnadmh h,
OH$mV (Bbm_r {Z`_m| Ho$ AZwgma gm_`dmZ Ama YZdmZ bmoJm| go 2.5
{VeV YZ {Vdf boH$a Anm{hO, Aghm`, gmYZhrZ Ama {dYdmAm|
B`m{X H$mo {X`m OmVm h - AZwdmXH$) W_ Vmo bmoJ XoVo hr Zht Ama
Omo XoVo h CZ_| go Omo doN>m go XoVo hm| do em`X gm _| go Xmo {ZH$b|,
{OZ na hO A{Zdm` h do CgH$m Zm_ Zht boVo VWm {OZ Ho$ {bE Z
Ho$db `h {H$ A{Zdm` Zht A{nVw Hw$N> n[apW{V`m| _| AdY h, do
AnZr ~XZm_r VWm Bbm_ H$s ~XZm_r H$aVo hE hO Ho$ {bE Om
nhMVo h Ama Omo WmoS>o-~hV bmoJ BZ {H$`mAm| H$mo nyU H$aVo h do Bg
H$ma nyU H$aVo h {H$ BZ AmXoem| Ho$ _w` Co` Ho$ nyU hmoZo H$s
Xm'dVwb A_ra
77
Xm'dVwb A_ra
~OmE CZHo$ {bE Vmo em`X do AmXoe \$Q>H$ma H$m H$maU hmoVo hm|Jo,
Xgam| Ho$ {bE An_mZ H$m H$maU hmoVo h, Z_mO H$m AZwdmX Vmo Aa~r
~mobZo dmbo Xoem| Ho$ A{V[aV em`X hr H$moB OmZVm hmo, naVw dh AW
g_Po {~Zm Z_mO ^r Omo bmoJ nT>Vo h, Cgo Bg H$ma XS> g_PH$a
nT>Vo h {H$ Hy$A Ama gXh _| AVa H$aZm H${R>Z hmo OmVm h VWm
Z_mO _| AnZr ^mfm _| XAm (mWZm) _mJZm Vmo Hw$\$ hr g_Pm OmZo
bJm h, amoOm (Cndmg) W_ Vmo bmoJ aIVo Zht VWm Omo bmoJ aIVo
h Vmo PyR> Ama MwJbr Ho$ H$maU nw` H$s ~OmE dh CZHo$ {bE H$mon
H$m H$maU hmoVm h &
Cmam{YH$ma ({~agm) Ho$ AmXoem| H$mo nrR> nrN>o S>mb XoVo h, `mO
{Og H$m boZm wXm go `w H$aZo H$m n`m` R>ham`m J`m h, {dmZm| H$s
ghm`Vm go hOmam| hrbo-~hmZm| Ho$ gmW CgH$s dh n[a^mfm ~ZmB JB h
VWm CgHo$ {bE Eogr eV] bJm Xr h {H$ A~ em`X hr H$moB `mO H$s
bmZV (\$Q>H$ma) go gwa{jV hmo, naVw ~mdOyX BgHo$ _wgb_mZm| H$mo Iwer
Ama YZ mV Zht Omo A` Om{V`m| H$mo mV h &
Cm_ gXmMma Omo {H$gr g_` _wgb_mZm| H$m Cmam{YH$ma Ama CgH$m
A{YH$ma g_Po OmVo Wo, A~ _wgb_mZm| go BVZr Xa h {OVZm Hw$\ $ Bbm_
go & {H$gr `wJ _| _wgb_mZm| H$m H$WZ AQ>b boI g_Pm OmVm Wm Ama
CgH$m dmXm EH$ An[adVZr` H$mZyZ, naVw AmOH$b _wgb_mZ H$s ~mV go
A{YH$ H$moB A` A{ddgZr` H$WZ Zht {_bVm, CgHo$ dmXo go A{YH$
H$moB Ama `W dVw {XImB Zht XoVr, d\$mXmar H$m Zm_ Zht ahm, gMmB
ImoB JB, dmV{dH$ gmhg {_Q> J`m, J mar, PyR>, ~oB_ mZr, H$màVm Ama
AXaX{eVm Zo CgH$m WmZ bo {b`m & n[aUm_ `h hAm {H$ gnyU ggma
ew h, `mnma V~mh hmo JE h, X~X~m OmVm ahm h, kmZ Ama {ejm
Omo {H$gr g_` _wgb_mZm| H$m gmWr Wr VWm CZH$s [aH$m~* hmW go Z
N>mSo >Vm Wm, AmO CZgo H$mogm| Xa ^mJVm h &
gy{\$`m| H$r Xem am~ h & do Y_ H$mo AY_ Ama H$mZyZ H$mo
dY ~Zm aho h, {dmZ Z\$aV Ama {damoY \$bmZo Ho$ A{V[aV AnZo
* [aH$m~ - bmoho H$m dh H$S>m Omo KmoS>o H$s OrZ Ho$ XmoZm| Amoa bQ>H$Vm ahVm
h Aa gdma Cg na na aIH$a KmoS>o na MT>Vm h - AZwdmXH$ &
78
H$WZm| H$mo wXm Ama agyb Ho$ H$WZ H$Q> H$aHo$ Bbm_ Ama _wgb_mZm|
H$s OS>| H$mQ>Zo _| `V h, YZr bmoJ `{n Xgar H$m_m| Ho$ YZr
bmoJm| H$s Anojm Hw$N> ^r h{g`V Zht aIVo, naVw {\$a ^r AnZr
WmoS>r gr nyOr Ama YZ na BVZm A{^_mZ h {H$ Y_ go CZH$m H$moB
g~Y hr Zht & Ym{_H$ H$m`m] _| ^mJ boZm Vmo Xa, CZHo$ X`m| _|
Y_ H$m AmXa VH$ eof Zht ahm & `yamon Ho$ YZdmZm| _| _gr{h`V Ho$
MmaH$ {_b gH$Vo h naVw _wgb_mZ YZdmZm| _| Y_ H$s ma{^H$
~mV| OmZZo dmbo ^r ~hV H$_ {_b|Jo & emgH$m| H$m hmb `h h {H$
Kyg boZm Ama A`m` CZH$m MbZ h & do emgZ H$mo godm H$m EH$
_m`_ Zht g_PVo A{nVw wXmB H$m EH$ ^mJ g_PVo h, ~mXemh
AnZo ^moJ-{dbmg _| _V h VWm _r {ddmgKmV Ama ~oB_mZr _|,
OZ gmYmaU OJbr OmZdam| go A{YH$ XQ> hmo aho h VWm bmIm| h
Omo AZwdmX OmZZm Vmo AbJ ahm AVdmX, VWm [agmbV (nJ~ar)
Ho$ eXm| VH$ H$mo _wI go AXm Zht H$a gH$Vo, dh Bbm_ Omo EH$
AOJa H$s ^m{V A` Y_m] H$mo ImVm Om ahm Wm AmO dh {ZOud
H$s ^m{V nS>m h VWm Hw$mo Ama Mrb| CgHo$ _mg Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| H$mo Zm|MZm|M H$a Im aho h & AnZo H$m`m] Ama AnZr Amd`H$VmAm| Ho$ {bE
òH$ H$mo n`m mV hmo OmVm h, naVw Ym{_H$ Amd`H$VmAm| VWm
CgHo$ gma-Mma hoVw EH$ ngm {ZH$mbZm H${R>Z h, `W ~H$dmg
H$aZo, hm`H$ ~mV| gwZmZo, {_m| H$s g^mE bJmZo Ho$ {bE n`mV
g_` h naVw wXm H$m H$bm_ nT>Zo VWm CgH$mo A` bmoJm| VH$
nhMmZo Ho$ {bE EH$ {_ZQ> H$s ^r \w$agV Zht & agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Vmo EH$ g_` H$s Z_mO Z nT>Zo dmbo H$mo
Zht, O_mAV _| em{_b Z hmoZo dmbo H$mo Zht A{nVw Ho$db Bem Ama
mV: H$mb H$s Z_mO H$s O_mAV _| em{_b Z hmoZo dmbo H$mo `dmXr
R>hamVo h Ama ~mdOyX gmjmV X`m hmoZo Ho$ \$a_mVo h {H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
79
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(dbOr Zgr {~`{Xhr bH$X h_Vmo AZ Am_wam {~hV{~Z
\$`whV~mo gw_m Am_wam {~gbmVo \$`wAOZmo bhm gw_m Am_wam
aOwbZ \$`C_wZmgm gw_m Cm{b\$m Bbm [aOm{bZ \$Ch[aH$m
Ab`{h_ ~w`yVh_) ""_wPo Cgr wXm H$s gmJY {Og Ho$ hmW _| _oao
mU h, _oam {Xb MmhVm h {H$ bH${S>`m EH$ H$$ {\$a Z_mO Ho$
{bE AOmZ H$m AmXoe X {\$a AnZo WmZ na {H$gr A` H$mo B_m_
{Z`wV H$$ {\$a CZ bmoJm| Ho$ Kam| na OmH$a Omo O_mAV _| em{_b
Zht hmoVo CgHo$ {Zdm{g`m| g{hV _H$mZm| H$mo AmJ bJm X &'' naVw
AmO _pOX _| na aIZm Vmo ~S>r ~mV h XmoZm| BXm| Ho$ A{V[aV
H$amoS>m| _wgb_mZm| H$mo Z_mO hr H$s \w$agV Zht {_bVr VWm CZ_| go
^r A{YH$me Eogo h Omo Z_mO H$s eVm] H$mo nyU {H$E {~Zm _m {XImZo
Ho$ {bE Z_mO Ama^ H$a XoVo h VWm dwOy (Z_mO Ho$ {bE {Z`_mZwgma
hmW, _wI Ama na YmoZm) Ho$ _gAbo VH$ go ^r n[a{MV Zht hmoVo &
gmame `h {H$ Bbm_ AmO AZmW hmo ahm h & òH$ H$m H$moB Z
H$moB Cmam{YH$mar h naVw BgH$m H$moB Cmam{YH$mar Zht & hOaV
B_m_wO_mZ (`wJ Ho$ B_m_) _grh _mD$X VWm _hXr-E-_gD$X
Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ eXm| _| CgH$s Xem BZ {XZm| `h h :(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Xm'dVwb A_ra
80
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
AZwdmX :- (1) _wgb_mZm| Ho$ A^md Ama Bbm_ H$s XXem na

C{MV h {H$ òH$ Ym{_H$ _Zw` H$s AmI a$ Ho$ Amgy ~hmE &
(2) wXm Ho$ Y_ na gH$Q> Ama ^`H$a _wgr~V Am nS>r h VWm
ggma _| Hw$\$ Ama of Ho$ H$maU Cnd _Mm hAm h &
(3) Eogm `pV {OgH$r Am_m òH$ H$ma H$s {deofVm Ama
Iy~r go d{MV h dh ^r g_V Z{~`m| _| loR> Z~r Ho$ ApVd _|
Xmof {ZH$mbVm h &
(4) dh `pV Omo d` hr An{dVm Ho$ H$mamdmg _| {JaVma h
dh ^r n{d bmoJm| Ho$ B_m_ H$s {VR>m _| AmbmoMZm H$aVm h &
(5) EH$ XQ> Ama ZrM {ZXm}f B_m_ na Vra ~agmVm h, AmH$me
Ho$ {bE C{MV h {H$ dh ndr na nWa ~agmE &
(6) Vw hmar pQ> Ho $ gm_Zo Bbm_ Yy b _| {_b J`m & ho
g_ { embr bmo J m| Ho $ {Jamo h ! w X m Ho $ gm_Zo Vw hmam `m ~hmZm
h &
(7) ÒrX H$s goZm H$s ^m{V Hw$\$ ha Amoa Omoe _| h Ama wXm
81
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$m Y_ hOaV OZwb Am{~XrZ H$s ^m{V ~r_ma Ama Aghm` h &
(8) gm_`dmZ bmoJ ^moJ-{dbmg _| `V h Ama do _XbmJZmAm|
Ho$ gmW AmZX_Z h &
(9) {dmZ amV-{XZ Cmo{OV ^mdZmAm| Ho$ H$mamU nana bS> aho
h Ama g`_r bmoJ Ym{_H$ Amd`H$VmAm| go {~Hw$b bmnadmh h &
(10) òH$ `pV Zo AnZr AY_ Am_m Ho$ {bE EH$ nhby JhU
H$a {b`m h Ama Ym{_H$ nhby [aV h Ama òH$ ew KmV _| go Hy$X
nS>m &
(11)`h Eogm `wJ Am J`m h {H$ òH$ _yI AnZr _yIVm Ho$
H$maU Bg gwT> Y_ H$mo PwR>bmVm h &
(12) bmIm| _yI Y_ go {d_wI hmo JE Ama bmIm| _yI N>b-H$nQ>
H$aZo dmbm| H$m {eH$ma ~Z JE &
(13) g_V _wgb_mZm| na AdZ{V Bg H$ma AmB {H$ Y_ Ho$ {bE
CZH$m gmhg Am_g_mZ dmbm Zht ahm &
(14) `{X EH$ ggma _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ Y_
go {d_wI hmo OmE Vmo do dm{^_mZ go EH$ ^yU {OVZr ^r hbMb Zht
H$aVo &
(15) BZHo$ {dMma h_oem {VaH$V ggma H$s {MVm _| bJo ahVo h
Ama BZH$m YZ-XmbV p`m| Ama ~Mm| na `` hmoVm ahVm h &
(16) {Og g_mamoh _| XamMma h ò CgHo$ _wI hmoVo h VWm
Ohm nm{n`m| H$m O_mdS>m hmo Vmo do dhm _y`dmZ nWa Ho$ g_mZ
hmoVo h &
(17) _{Xam Ho$ a{g`m naVw {hXm`V go An[a{MV Ym{_H$ bmoJm| go
KUm Ama _{XamnmZ H$aZo dmbm| go gJV h &
(18) Ah_X gbbmhmo Abho d gb_ Ho$ Y_ H$s Xmo {MVmAm| Zo
_oao mU $nr _pVH$ H$mo Kwbm {X`m h & Ym{_H$ ewAm| H$m ~mh`
Ama Ym{_H$ ghm`H$m| H$m A^md &
(19) ho Abmh Vy erK Am Ama h_ na AnZr ghm`Vm H$s dpQ>
H$a A`Wm ho _oao a~ ! _wPo Bg ApZ $nr ggma go CR>m bo &
(20) ho wXm Vy {hXm`V (nW-XeZ) H$m H$me X`m Ho$ CX`Wb
82
go CX` H$a Ama nW-^Q>m| H$s AmIm| H$mo nQ> {ZemZm| mam H$me_mZ
H$a Xo &
(21) O~ VyZo _oao {bE Bg VnZ Ama dU H$s AdWm _| gMmB
XmZ H$s h Vmo _wPo `h Amem Zht {H$ Vy _wPo Ag\$bVm H$s pW{V _|
_`w XoJm &
(22) gXm_m bmoJm| H$m H$m` H$Xm{n AnyU Zht ahVm `m|{H$
CZH$r AmVrZ _| Abmh VAmbm H$m JwV hmW hmoVm h &*
AVEd `wJ H$s Xem nwH$ma-nwH$ma H$a H$h ahr h {H$ Bg g_`
Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go H$moB gwYmaH$ AmZm Mm{hE Ama dh ^r
_hmZ {VR>mdmZ, Omo Bbm_ H$mo AnZo nam| na IS>m H$ao VWm ^_
{ZdmaH$ VH$m] go Hw$\$ H$m _wH$m~bm H$ao Ama VH$m] H$s Vbdma go Cg
H$mo H$mQ>o & Bg eVmXr Ho$ ga na g_V ggma _| go Ho$db EH$ hr
`pV Zo Bbm_ H$s ghm`Vm hoVw wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go AdV[aV
{H$E OmZo H$m Xmdm {H$`m h AWmV {gb{gbm Ah_{X`m Ho$ gWmnH$
Zo & AVEd òH$ _Zrfr Ama ~w{_mZ `pV H$m H$m` h {H$ CZ Ho$
Xmdo na {dMma H$ao VWm CgH$mo gagar pQ> go XoIH$a {d_wI Z hmo,
A`Wm Cgo wXm Ho$ EH$ AZm{X {Z`_ H$m BH$ma H$aZm nS>oJm VWm wXm
Ho$ g_j AnZr bmnadmhr H$m CmaXm`r hmoZm nS>oJm &
ho A_ra ! Abmh VAmbm AnZr ^wdembr ghm`Vm Ho$ gmW
Amn H$m g_WZ H$ao & Hw$N> bmoJ Bg WmZ na gXoh CnZ {H$`m
H$aVo h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ My{H$ nyU
ApVd Wo AVEd Amn Ho$ nMmV A~ {H$gr gwYmaH$ Ama nW-XeH$
H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht & A~ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ hr gwYmaH$ h VWm CgH$s
n{d epV hr nW-XeH$ h & CZ H$m `h {dMma `j _| Vmo
A`V gwXa {XImB XoVm h naVw Bg na {dMma {H$`m OmE Vmo
Hw$AmZ H$ar_, hXrg, ~w{, VWm AdbmoH$Zm| Ho$ {~Hw$b {dnarV {d{XV
hmoVm h & Hw$AmZ Ama hXrg Ho$ {d Bg{bE {H$ BZ _| nQ> Vma
na ^{d` Ho$ `wJm| _| _wO{Xm| Ama _m_yam| Ho$ AmZo H$s gyMZm Xr JB
Xm'dVwb A_ra
* \$magr H${dVm Ho$ nXm| H$m AW AZwdmXH$ H$s Amoa go VwV {H$`m J`m h &
(AZwdmXH$)
83
Xm'dVwb A_ra
h & `{X agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV {H$gr
_wO{X H$m AmZm `m _m_ya (Am{XQ>) H$m IS>m {H$`m OmZm agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ H$m{_b hmoZo Ho$ {d hmoVm Vmo
Amn (g.A.d.) H$mo g_V Z{~`m| H$m gaXma ~ZmZo dmbm wXm Ama
nyUVm VH$ nhMmZo dmbm dm_r d` hr `m| ^{d` _| _wO{Xm| Ama
_m_yam| (Am{XQ>m|) H$mo ôOZo H$m dmXm XoVm ? `m dh AnZo H$m` H$mo
d` VmoS>Vm VWm AnZo H$WZ H$m d` IS>Z H$aVm ? {\$a `m| agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ ^{d` _| _wO{Xm| Ama _m_yam| Ho$
AmZo H$s gyMZm XoVo ? `m Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ H$meb go Amn
(g.A.d.) H$s Anojm h_ A{YH$ n[a{MV h {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) AnZo
nMmV ~hV go _wO{Xm| H$s gyMZm X| VWm Hw$N> _m_yam| (Am{XQ>m|)
H$s I~a X| naVw h_ Cgo Amn H$s emZ Ho$ {d g_P| &
`h {dMma ~w{ Ho$ {d Bg{bE h {H$ ~w{ h_| ~VmVr h {H$
`{X agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV {H$gr _wO{X
`m _m_ya H$mo Zht AmZm Wm Vmo Mm{hE Wm {H$ _wgb_mZm| H$s Xem H$^r
^r Iam~ Z hmoVr Ama do h_oem ZoH$s VWm g`_ na Wm{nV ahVo,
naVw KQ>ZmE BgHo$ {~Hw$b {dnarV h & ~w{ Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma Zht
H$a gH$Vr {H$ _wgb_mZm| _| Iam~r Vmo H$Q> hmo VWm CZH$s hmbV
{dH$V go {dH$VVa hmo OmE naVw Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go H$moB
gwYmaH$ Z AmE & `{X Bbm_ go Bg H$ma H$m `dhma hmoZm h Vmo `h
Bg ~mV H$m bjU Zht {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
gdm{YH$ H$m{_b ApVd h A{nVw Bg ~mV H$m bjU h {H$ Abmh
VAmbm Bbm_ H$mo {_Q>mZm MmhVm h & `{X ^{d` _| _wO{Xm| Ama
_m_yam| H$m H$_ g_mV H$a {X`m J`m h Vmo CgH$m `j bjU `h
hmoZm Mm{hE Wm {H$ _wgb_mZ nW^Q>Vm Ama Hw$_mJ go {~Hw$b gwa{jV
hmo OmVo & AmO ^r h_ Ch| dgm hr XoIVo h Ogm ghm~m(a{O.) Ho$
g_` _| ? naVw O~ Am`mp_H$ nVZ {d_mZ h, Vmo Amd`H$ h {H$
Am`mp_H$ CWmZ Ho$ gmYZ ^r {d_mZ hm| &
{Vr` `h {H$ `{X agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
H$m{_b (nyU) hmoZo Ho$ H$maU A~ Amn g.A.d. Ho$ H$Q> H$aZo dmbo
84
Zht Am gH$Vo Vmo Abmh VAmbm Omo g_V H$mebm| H$m CXJ_ h
VWm Or{dV ahZo dmbm Ama Wm{nV ahZo dmbm Ama aIZo dmbm h
CgHo$ H$Q> H$aZo dmbo ggma _| `m| AmVo h & _yb ~mV `h h {H$
Omo dVw AmIm| go AmoPb hmoVr h Cgo _aU H$amZo Ho$ {bE VWm
bmoJm| na Cg H$m ^md {g H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$Q> H$aZo dmbo H$s
h_oem Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h & AV: agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ H$m{_b (nyU) hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ nMmV
Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ H$Q> H$aZo dmbm| Ama g_$nm| H$s Amd`H$Vm h
Omo bmoJm| H$mo Amn (g.A.d.) H$s `mX {XbmE VWm Amn Ho$ Z_yZo H$mo
Wm{nV H$a| &
`h ~mV AdbmoH$Z Ho$ {d Bg{bE h {H$ h_| Bg Voah gm df
H$s Ad{Y _| Omo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV
JwOar h, ~r{g`m| Eogo `pV {XImB XoVo h Omo Abmh VAmbm H$s
Amoa go Abmh go dmVmbmn go g_m{ZV Wo VWm {Ohm|Zo Xmdm {H$`m
Wm {H$ do Y_ Ho$ ZdrZrH$aU Ho$ {bE IS>o {H$E JE h & ò bmoJ h_|
Bbm_ H$m loR> Z_yZm {XImB XoVo h VWm Bbm_ Ho$ Mma Ama CgHo$
Wm{`d _| CZH$m ~S>m `moJXmZ _mby_ hmoVm h & Ogo {H$ hOaV
OwZX ~JXmXr, hOaV g`X AXb H$m{Xa ObmZr, hOaV ehm~wrZ
ghdaXr, hOaV ~hmCrZ Ze~Xr, hOaV _w{h`wrZ BZo Aa~r,
hOaV dmOm _wBZwrZ {MVr, hOaV eI Ah_X ga{hXr, _wO{X
A{b\$ gmZr, hOaV emh dbrCbmh _wh{g Xohbdr B`m{X BZ g~
na Abmh X`m H$ao & AVEd Eogo bmoJm| Ho$ `pVd Ama CZHo$ Ama
CZHo$ H$m` H$mo XoIVo hE h_ {H$g H$ma drH$ma H$a gH$Vo h {H$
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV {H$gr gwYmaH$ H$s
Amd`H$Vm Zht & g` `hr h {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ nMmV ^r
gwYmaH$ Am gH$Vo h VWm AmVo aho h Ama AmVo ah|Jo Ama Bg g_`
gm_{`H$ n[apW{V`m EH$ _hmZ gwYmaH$ H$s gyMZm Xo ahr h Ama
My{H$ Bg H$ma Ho$ gwYmaH$ hmoZo Ho$ XmdoXma hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X
gm{h~ _grh _mD$X hr h & AV: `h ~mV CZ Ho$ Xmdo H$s gMmB
H$m EH$ ~hV ~S>m g~yV h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
85
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Xgam g~yV
Z{~`m| Ho$ gaXma gbbmhmo Ab`ho d gb_
H$s gm`
W_ g~yV go Vmo `h {g hmoVm Wm {H$ `h `wJ EH$ gwYmaH$ H$mo
MmhVm h Ama My{H$ A` H$moB XmdoXma Bbm_ H$s {VR>m H$mo H$Q>
H$aZo dmbm Zht h Bg{bE hOaV AH$Xg {_Om gm{h~(A) Ho$ Xmdo na
{dMma H$aZo Ho$ {bE h_ {dde h, naVw My{H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$m
Xmdm Ho$db EH$ gwYmaH$ hmoZo H$m Zht h A{nVw Amn H$m Xmdm _mD$X
gwYmaH$ (Eogm gwYmaH$ {OgHo$ AmZo H$m nyd go dmXm {H$`m J`m Wm &
AZwdmXH$) hmoZo H$m h & AWmV Amn H$m Xmdm h {H$ Amn "_grh
_mD$X' Ama "_hXr _gD$X' h & AV: Bg Xmdo Ho$ A{YH$ g_WZ hoVw _
EH$ Ama gm` VwV H$aVm h, VWm `h gm` g_V {dd Ho$
A{Yn{V hOaV _wh_X _wV\$m gbbmhmo Ab`ho d gb_ H$s h Ama
Om _| go Amn(A) H$s gm` go A{YH$ Ama {H$g H$s gm` drH$maUr`
hmo gH$Vr h &
{ZgXoh _grh Ho$ Xmo~mam AmJ_Z H$s AmWm Bbm_r `wJ go Ama^
Zht hB A{nVw `h AmWm _ygm H$s C_V _| _wh_X (gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_) Ho$ AdVaU go gH$S>m| df nyd go Omar h, naVw Bg
_| ^r H$moB gXoh Zht {H$ Bbm_ Zo Bg AmWm H$s Hw$N> Eogr ~mVm| H$mo
Eogm g`wV H$a {X`m h {OZHo$ H$maU `h AmWm Bbm_ H$s _hdnyU
AmWmAm| _| gp_{bV hmo JB h, Ama do ~mV| ò h :(1) _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ _| EH$ _hXr Ho$ AmZo H$s gyMZm Xr JB
(bb_hXr Bbm
h {Ogo `{n A` hXrgm| _|
Bgm) H$h H$a _grh _mD$X H$m hr ApVd R>ham {X`m J`m h, naVw
Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ H$maU _wgb_mZm| H$mo _grh Ho$ ApVd go Eogm
H$m_r g~Y hmo J`m h Ogo AnZo EH$ ghY_u ~wOwJ go hmoZm Mm{hE &
(2) _grh Ho$ AmJ_Z H$mo Bbm_ H$s CZ{V H$m EH$ Z`m Xma
86
R>ham`m J`m h VWm Cgr Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ g_` VH$ A` Y_m] na
Bbm_ H$s {dO` H$mo W{JV {H$`m J`m h &
(3) _grh Ama _hXr H$mo EH$ R>hamH$a _grh Ho$ AmJ_Z H$mo
AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m AmJ_Z R>ham`m J`m h VWm
CgHo$ XoIZo dmbm| H$mo Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ ghm~m(a{O.) Ama Bg H$ma
Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ o{_`m| Ho$ X` _| _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$s
CgmhdYH$ {M CnZ H$a Xr JB &
(4) EH$ ^`mZH$ Ama CndJV `wJ {OgH$s gyMZm {ZVmV ^`H$a
eXm| _| AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo Xr Wr Ama Omo AnZo
^`H$a ^mdm| go Bbm_ H$s OS>m| H$mo {hbm XoZo dmbm {g hmoZo dmbm
Wm, CgH$s AmnXmAm| H$m {ZdmaU Ama ^{d` _| Bbm_ H$mo gXm Ho$
{bE gwa{jV H$a XoZo H$m H$m` _grh _mD$X(A) Ho$ gwnwX hmoZm ~Vm`m
J`m Wm & AV: _grh _mD$X H$s Vrjm _wgb_mZm| H$mo Cgr H$ma Wr
Ogm {H$ EH$ X`mdmZ \$[aVo H$s hmoZm Mm{hE &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ò eX {H$
(H$\$m Vh{bH$mo C_VwZ AZm
\$s Ad{bhm d_grhmo \$s Am{[ahm) dh C_V {H$g H$ma {_Q>
gH$Vr h {OgHo$ ma^ _| _ h Ama AV _| _grh hmoJm Bbm_ Ho$ ew^
{MVH$m| H$mo _grh Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ {bE `mHw$b H$a aho Wo,
`m|{H$ do XoIVo Wo {H$ Cg Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ nMmV Bbm_ Mmam| Amoa go
gwT> Xrdmam| _| {Ka H$a eVmZ Ho$ AmH$_Um| go gXm Ho$ {bE gwa{jV hmo
OmEJm &
BZ Mmam| ~mVm| Zo {_bH$a _grh Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ _m_bo H$mo
_wgb_mZm| Ho$ {bE EH$ gmpVH$ Z ~Zm {X`m Wm VWm g^d Z Wm
{H$ Eogm `wJ Omo EH$ Amoa Vmo AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
o{_`m| H$mo AnZo {`V_ Ho$ g_j H$aZo dmbm Wm Mmho {V{~~ Ama
g_$nVm Ho$ nX} _| hr ghr Ama Xgar Amoa Bbm_ H$mo b`H$mar
AmKmVm| go {ZH$mb H$a gwajm Ama empV Ho$ Wb na IS>m H$aZo dmbm
Wm, {~Zm n`mV nVo Ama {ZemZr Ho$ N>moS> {X`m OmVm &
`h Vmo Z H$^r hAm h Ama Z hmo gH$Vm h {H$ _m_yam| (Am{XQ>m|)
Xm'dVwb A_ra
87
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ama agybm| Ho$ `wJ Ama CZ Ho$ ApVd H$s Amoa Eogo eXm| _| nWXeZ {H$`m OmE {H$ Ogo Vbme H$aZo dmbo Ho$ hmW _| CZH$m hmW Xo
{X`m OmE, `m|{H$ `{X Bg H$ma {H$`m OmVm Vmo B_mZ Abm^H$mar hmo
OmVm VWm H$m{\$a Ama _mo{_Z H$m AVa hr {_Q> OmVm B_mZ Ama {M
aIZo dmbo nW-XeZ mV H$a boVo h Ama Cndr AnZr hR>Y_u Ho$
{bE H$moB AmS> `m ~hmZm Vbme H$a boVo h & CX` hE gy` H$m H$mZ
BH$ma H$a gH$Vm h ? naVw Cg na B_mZ bmZo H$m nw` Ama {V\$b
^r H$mZ XoVm h ? AVEd EH$ gr_m VH$ nW-XeZ VWm EH$ gr_m
VH$ Xamd Ad` {H$`m OmVm h Ama Eogm hmoZm ^r Mm{hE &
_grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s gyMZmAm| _| ^r Bgr _yb H$mo pQ>JV aIm
J`m h & CgHo$ `wJ H$s gyMZmE Eogo eXm| _| Xr JB h {Og H$ma Ho$
eXm| _| g_V nydH$mbrZ Z{~`m| Ho$ g~Y _| gyMZmE Xr OmVr ahr h,
naVw {\$a ^r EH$ gMo A{^bmfr Ama ~w{_mZ Ho$ {bE dh EH$
H$me_mZ {ZemZ go H$_ Zht & dh {OgZo {H$gr EH$ Z~r H$mo VH$m] Ho$
_m`_ go drH$ma {H$`m hmo Ama Ho$db nanamJV B_mZ na gVmof {H$E
~R>m hmo CgHo$ {bE BZ {ZemZm| go bm^ mV H$aZm Hw$N> ^r H${R>Z
Zht, naVw do bmoJ Omo `jV: gH$S>m| agybm| na B_mZ bmVo h naVw
dmVd _| Chm|Zo EH$ agyb H$mo ^r AnZr ImoO go Zht _mZm & CZHo$
{bE {H$gr g`dmXr H$m drH$ma H$aZm Mmho dh {H$VZo hr {ZemZ AnZo
gmW `m| Z aIVm hmo {ZVmV H${R>Z h & CZ bmoJm| H$m AnZm B_mZ
dmVd _| H$moB _hd Zht aIVm, CZH$m B_mZ dhr hmoVm h Omo CZHo$
{dmZ `m _mbdr H$h X| `m Omo ~mn-XmXm H$s ~mV| Omo CZHo$ H$mZm| VH$
nhMr hm| & AVEd My{H$ Chm|Zo {H$gr EH$ agyb H$mo ^r CgH$s AnZr
eb _| Zht XoIm hmoVm, agyb H$m nhMmZZm CZHo$ {bE Ag^d h VWm
ò Cgr g_` {H$gr agyb H$mo XoI gH$Vo h O~{H$ nhbo AnZr pQ> H$m
gwYma AmH$mer` nW-XeZ Ho$ gwa_o go H$a b| Ama _mZd H$WZm| Ama
nanamJV AZwgaU Ho$ Zeo H$mo AnZo ga go Xa H$a X| &
Bg g{jV ^y{_H$m Ho$ nMmV _ CZ {ZemZm| H$m CboI H$aVm h
Omo _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ Ho$ gX^ _| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Zo ~VmE h & _oao {ZH$Q> `{X H$moB CZ {ZemZm| na njnmV Ho$
88
{~Zm {dMma H$aoJm Vmo CgHo$ {bE _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$m {ZYmaU
V{ZH$ ^r H${R>Z Z ahoJm, naVw nyd BgHo$ {H$ CZ {ZemZm| na {dMma
{H$`m OmE Bg ~mV H$m g_P boZm Amd`H$ h {H$ Bbm_r C_V Ho$
AXa \y$Q> Ama ôX^md H$Q> hmoZo Ho$ `wJ _| ~hV go bmoJm| Zo AnZo
_ZmoaWm| H$s mpV Ho$ Co` go ~hV gr PyR>r hXrg| ^r ~ZmH$a
H$m{eV H$a Xr h {OZ go CZ H$m Co` `h h {H$ {H$gr H$ma
h_mam gXm` gMm {g hmo OmE & CXmhaUV`m ~hV gr hXrg| Eogr
{_b|Jr {OZ _| _hXr Ho$ `wJ H$s gyMZm Xr JB h naVw CZ Ho$ eX
Bg H$ma Ho$ h {OZ go nQ> {d{XV hmoVm h {H$ ^yVH$mb Ho$ {H$gr
_VôX H$m {ZU` AnZo nj _| H$amZm b{jV h & Eogo dUZm| _| go
`{n Hw$N> gMo ^r hm| naVw {\$a ^r CZHo$ gX^ _| EH$ AdofH$ H$mo
~hV gmdYmZr H$s Amd`H$Vm h VWm H$_ go H$_ CZ hXrgm| Ho$
g_WZ `m IS>Z na CgHo$ Xmdo H$m AmYma Zht hmoZm Mm{hE &
CXmhaUV`m ~Zr A~mg Ho$ g_` H$s A{YH$me hXrg| Bg H$ma H$s
{_bVr h {OZ_| `jV: Vmo _hXr Ho$ `wJ Ho$ bjU ~VmE JE h
naVw dmVd _| ~Vm`m `h J`m h {H$ A~m{g`m| Ho$ g_WZ _| wamgmZ
_| Omo {dmoh hE Wo do wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go Wo CgH$s BN>mZwgma
Wo & CZ hXrgm| H$m {_`m hmoZm KQ>ZmAm| Zo d` hr {g H$a {X`m h &
Cg `wJ na EH$ hOma df go A{YH$ `VrV hmo JE, naVw CZ bjUm|
Ama {ZemZm| Ho$ AZwgma H$moB _hXr H$Q> Z hAm & Bgr H$ma Ama
~hV go dUZ h {OZ _| _hXr Ho$ {ZemZm| H$mo AVrV H$s KQ>ZmAm| Ho$
gmW Bg H$ma JbV H$aHo$ dUZ {H$`m J`m h {H$ O~ VH$ BZ
KQ>ZmAm| H$mo Omo _hXr Ho$ {ZemZm| Ho$ Vma na dUZ H$s JB h naVw h
AVrV H$mb H$s, nWH$ Z H$a {X`m OmE dmV{dH$ n[apW{V go AdJV
Zht hAm Om gH$Vm & Omo bmoJ Bbm_r B{Vhmg go AZ{^k Wo Chm|Zo
BZ hXrgm| go ~hV YmoIm Im`m h VWm ^{d` _| Hw$N> Eogo _m_bm| Ho$
K{Q>V hmoZo Ho$ VrjH$ aho h Omo BZ hXrgm| Ho$ ~ZmE OmZo go ^r nhbo
K{Q>V hmo MwHo$ h VWm CZH$mo _hXr Ho$ {ZemZm| _| em{_b H$aZo H$m
H$maU Ho$db AnZo-AnZo gXm` H$s gMmB {g H$aZm Wm & AV:
_hXr H$r {Zem{Z`m| na {dMma H$aVo hE h_mao {bE Amd`H$ h {H$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
89
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CZ {Zem{Z`m| H$mo nWH$ H$a b| Omo {H$gr KQ>Zm H$s Amoa gHo$V Zht
H$aVt Vm{H$ Cg JT>o _| {JaZo go gwa{jV hmo OmE Omo Hw$N> dmWu bmoJm|
Zo AnZr Co`ny{V Ho$ {bE ImoXm Wm &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ na wXm VAmbm H$s
Agr_ H$nmE Ama egmE hm| Amn (g.A.d.) Zo _grh _mD$X Ama
_hXr _m'hX ({OgH$m dmXm {H$`m J`m Wm) Ho$ bjU dUZ H$aVo g_`
EH$ Eogr ebr H$mo pQ>JV aIm h {Ogo _aU aIVo hE _Zw` ~S>r
AmgmZr go YmoIm XoZo dmbo Ho$ YmoIo go gwa{jV hmo OmVm h, Ama dh
`h {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) Zo _grh VWm _hXr Ho$ g~Y _| Omo bjU
~VmE h CZH$mo EH$ lIbm Ho$ Vma na dUZ {H$`m h, {OgHo$ H$maU
{_bmdQ> H$aZo dmbo H$s {_bmdQ> H$m nyam nVm bJ OmVm h & `{X Amn
(g.A.d.) Bg H$ma H$m bjU ~VmVo {H$ CXmhaUV`m CgH$m A_wH$
Zm_ hmoJm VWm A_wH$ Zm_ CgHo$ {nVm H$m hmoJm Vmo Bg Zm_ Ho$ ~hV
go bmoJ Xmdm H$aZo Ho$ {bE V`ma hmo OmVo & AV: Amn Zo Bg H$ma Ho$
bjU dUZ H$aZo H$s ~OmE {OZ H$m nyU H$aZm _Zw` Ho$ A{YH$ma _|
h, Bg H$ma Ho$ bjU Ama {ZemZ dUZ {H$E h {OZH$m nyU H$aZm Z
Ho$db `h {H$ _Zw` Ho$ A{YH$ma _| Zht A{nVw do gH$S>m| dfm] Ho$
n[adVZm| Ho$ {~Zm hmo hr Zht gH$Vo & AV: H$moB _Zw` A{nVw _Zw`m|
H$m EH$ g_yh de Ho$ ~mX de `mg H$aHo$ ^r CZ n[apW{V`m| Ho$
CnZ H$aZo H$s epV Zht aIVo & Xgar ~mV _hXr Ho$ bjU dUZ
H$aZo _| `mZ _| `h ~mV aIr JB h {H$ CZ_| Hw$N> bjU Eogo dUZ
H$a {XE JE h {OZHo$ gX^ _| `h dUZ H$a {X`m J`m h {H$ ò
bjU _hXr Ho$ `wJ Ho$ A{V[aV A` {H$gr g_` CgHo$ AmJ_Z go nyd
H$Q> Z hm|Jo & AV: BZ {gmVm| H$mo pQ>JV aIVo hE O~ dh `wJ
h_| kmV hmo OmE, {Og Ho$ gmW _grh _mD$X Ama _hXr _m'hX H$m
H$m` g~ h VWm O~ do bjU nyU hmo OmE {OZ Ho$ gX^ _| ~Vm`m
J`m h {H$ _hXr Ho$ `wJ Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr g_` CZ H$m H$Q>Z Zht
hmo gH$Vm & O~ ndr Ama AmH$me Ho$ ~hV go n[adVZ {OZ H$m
CnZ H$aZm _Zw` Ho$ A{YH$ma _| Zht Ama do _hXr Ho$ bjUm| Ho$ Vma
na dUZ {H$E JE h H$Q> hmo OmE Vmo Cg g_` H$mo _hXr Ama _grh
90
H$m `wJ g_P boZo _| h_mao {bE H$moB ^r H${R>ZmB Zht & Bg g_` `{X
Hw$N> bjU Eogo kmV hm| Omo Bg g_` VH$ nyU Zht hE Vmo h_| Xmo
~mVm| _| go EH$ H$mo drH$ma H$aZm hmoJm AWdm `h {H$ do bjU Omo
nyU Zht hE, _hXr Ho$ bjU Wo hr Zht A{nVw Hw$N> {ZX`r bmoJm| Ho$
hVjon Ho$ H$maU CZ H$mo _hXr Ho$ bjUm| _| em{_b H$a {X`m J`m Wm
AWdm `h {H$ CZ Ho$ AW g_PZo _| h_ go ^yb hmo JB h, dmVd _|
CZH$m __ g_PZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Wr &
VnMmV _ `h dUZ H$a XoZm Amd`H$ g_PVm h {H$ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X Ama _hXr _m'hX Ho$
`wJ Ho$ Omo bjU dUZ {H$E h CZ na EH$ WmoS>m gm {dMma H$aZo na
kmV hmo gH$Vm h {H$ do nWH$-nWH$ _grh VWm _hXr Ho$ `wJ Ho$ bjU
Zht h A{nVw gm_y{hH$ Vma na nyU Ama ~hw_wIr bjU ~ZVo h &
CXmhaUV`m hXrg _| AmVm h {H$ _hXr H$m EH$ bjU ({ZemZr) `h
h {H$ CgHo$ `wJ _| A_mZV CR> OmEJr 77 AWdm `h {H$ Cg g_`
_yIVm Ama AkmZVm CZ{V H$a OmEJr& 78 A~ `{X BZ bjUm| H$mo
Wm`r bjU _mZm OmE Vmo drH$ma H$aZm nS>oJm {H$ O~ B_mZXmar
ggma go CR> OmE Cg g_` _hXr H$mo Ad` H$Q> hmo OmZm Mm{hE `m
kmZ Ho$ CR> OmZo na _hXr H$mo Ad` H$Q> hmo OmZm Mm{hE & hmbm{H$
Bg Voah gm df H$s Ad{Y _| _wgb_mZm| na AZoH$ CWmZ-nVZ Ho$ `wJ
AmE h & H$^r CZ _| go kmZ OmVm ahm Vmo H$^r B_mZXmar, naVw
_hXr H$Q> Zht hAm & AVEd kmV hAm {H$ ò bjU Wm`r bjU
Zht h A{nVw do g_V bjU EH$ hmoH$a {Oh| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Zo wXm VAmbm go gyMZm nmH$a dUZ {H$`m h Z {H$
Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo AnZo X` go ~Zm H$a Ch| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ go g~ H$a {X`m h & _hXr _mD$X Ho$ `wJ Ho$ bjU h &
EH$-EH$ bjU A` `wJm| _| ^r nm`m Om gH$Vm h naVw g`wV $n go
do bjU _hXr Ho$ `wJ Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr `wJ _| Zht nmE Om gH$Vo &
{H$gr `wJ Ho$ nhMmZZo H$m ^r dhr T>J h Omo {H$gr EH$ `pV Ho$
nhMmZZo H$m h & O~ h_| {H$gr H$mo {H$gr Eogo `pV H$m nVm XoZm hmo
{OgH$mo CgZo nhbo Zht XoIm VWm {OgH$m dh n[a{MV Zht Vmo CgH$m
Xm'dVwb A_ra
91
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`hr T>J h {H$ h_ CgH$s eb Ama CgHo$ H$X Ama CgHo$ aJ VWm
CgH$s AmXV|, CgHo$ H$meb, CgHo$ n[aOZm| H$s {Zem{Z`m VWm CgHo$
Ka H$m Zem B`m{X ~Vm XoVo h & CXmhaUV`m `h ~Vm X| {H$ CgH$m
H$X b~m h, aJ g\o$X h, eara Z H$_Omoa h Z _moQ>m, _VH$ MmS>m,
ZmH$ D$Mr, AmI| _moQ>r-_moQ>r, hm|R> _moQ>o, R>moT>r ~S>r h VWm dh Aa~r
^mfm H$m CXmhaUV`m {dmZ h Ama _wgb_mZm| _| go h & CgH$s H$m_
Ho$ bmoJ CXmhaUd$n CgHo$ ew h VWm Cm_ loUr H$m gXmMmar h
Cg H$m Ka Bg AmH${V H$m h, CgHo$ Amg-nmg Ho$ Ka Bg-Bg AmH${V
Ho$ h & `{X BVZr {Zem{Z`m ~VmH$a h_ {H$gr `pV H$mo {H$gr Jmd
_| ôO| Vmo Cg `pV H$m nhMmZ boZm VWm bmoJm| Ho$ YmoIm XoZo Ho$
~mdOyX CgH$m YmoIm Z ImZm {~Hw$b gab ~mV h & `{X H$moB {deof
`wJ ~VmZm hmo Vmo CgH$s nhMmZ H$amZo H$m `hr T>J h {H$ Cg `wJ _|
CXmhaUV`m AmH$mer` {nS>m| H$m {ddaU Ama CZ H$m WmZ ~Vm {X`m
OmE, ndr Ho$ AXa Ho$ n[adVZ Omo Cg g_` hmoZo dmbo hm| o ~Vm {XE
OmE, Cg g_` H$s Omo amOZ{VH$ n[apW{V`m, gmH${VH$ n[apW{V,
Ym{_H$ n[apW{V, ej{UH$ n[apW{V, H$_m] H$s n[apW{V, gM[aVm
H$s n[apW{V, Cg g_` Ho$ AVamQ>r` g~Y ~Vm {XE OmE, Cg
g_` H$s g_{ AWdm {ZYZVm H$s n[apW{V ~Vm Xr OmE VWm Cg
`wJ Ho$ _ob-Omob Ho$ T>J Ama `mm Ho$ _m`_ na H$me S>mb {X`m
OmE & `{X BZ n[apW{V`m| H$m dUZ H$a {X`m OmE {\$a EH$ `pV
{OgH$mo nhbo go Cg `wJ H$s n[apW{V`m ~Vm Xr JB h Cg `wJ H$mo
nm bo Vmo {ZM` hr dh Cg `wJ H$mo XoIVo hr nhMmZ boJm VWm
CgH$m nhMmZ boZm Cg Ho$ {bE ^r Hw$N> H${R>Z Z hmoJm A{nVw nhMmZZo
H$m `h T>J Eogm hmoJm {H$ Bg _| gXoh H$s JwOmè hr Z ahoJr &
`hr H$maU h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh
_mD$X Ama _hXr-E-_gD$X H$s nhMmZ Ho$ {bE Cg Ho$ `wJ H$m Zem
~Zm {X`m h Vm{H$ Bbm_r gXm`m| Ho$ nana {damoY Ho$ g_` bmoJ
Eogo dUZ Z ~Zm b| {OZHo$ H$maU _grh _mD$X(A) Ama _hXr-E_gD$X(A) H$m nhMmZZm H${R>Z hmo OmE & AV: `{n bmoJm| Zo PyR>o
bjU Vmo ~ZmE h naVw do Cg Zeo na Hw$N> ^r A{YH$ma Zht aIVo
92
Omo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo dUZ
Bg{bE CZHo$ `mg {~Hw$b `W JE h Ama A~ ^r
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ~VmE hE Zeo
pQ> S>mbo Vmo CgHo$ _wI go ghgm {ZH$b OmEJm
_mD$X Ama _hXr-E-_gD$X H$m `wJ h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
\$a_m`m Wm &
Omo `pV agybo
na nyU $n go
{H$ `hr _grh
_grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s Ym{_H$ n[apW{V`m

A~ _ {Zem{Z`m| (bjUm|) H$s lIbm _| go H$_mZgma Hw$N>oH$
{Zem{Z`m dUZ H$aVm h {OZ go kmV hmoJm [H$ Bg `wJ Ho$ A{V[aV
_grh H$m AmJ_Z A` {H$gr `wJ _| Zht hmo gH$Vm VWm BZ lIbmAm|
_| gd W_ _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s Ym{_H$ n[apW{V`m| H$mo boVm h &
{H$gr `wJ H$s Ym{_H$ n[apW{V Xmo H$ma go dUZ H$s Om gH$Vr
h EH$ Vmo Cg g_` Ho$ Y_m] H$s g`m Ama JUZm go Ama EH$ Cg
g_` Ho$ bmoJm| na Y_m] Ho$ ^md H$m dUZ H$aHo$ VWm agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s BZ XmoZm|
n[apW{V`m| H$m dUZ H$a {X`m h &
_ BZ XmoZm| n[apW{V`m| _| go W_ Y_m] H$s `j AdWm H$mo
boVm h `m|{H$ `h A{YH$ `j h & agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Bg n[apW{V H$m Zem `m| aoIm{H$V H$aVo h {H$ - Cg g_`
BgmB`V H$m A{YH$ Omoa hmoJm & AV: "_wpb_' H$s hXrg _| dUZ
{H$`m J`m h {H$ b` Cg g_` AmEJr O~ {H$ A{YH$me ndr Ho$
dmgr amo_r hm|Jo 79 VWm Ogm {H$ Bbm_ Ho$ {dmZm| H$s gh_{V h, amo_
go A{^m` BgmB h, `m|{H$ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ho$ `wJ _| amo_r hr BgmB`V Ho$ {ZemZ H$mo CR>mZo dmbo VWm CgH$s
`j CZ{V Ho$ bjU Wo & `h ^{d`dmUr Bg ~mV H$mo `mZ _|
aIH$a {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \$a_m`m h -
93
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(BOm hbH$m {H$gam \$bm {H$gam ~m'Xh d BOm hbH$m H$gam
\$bm H$gamo ~mXh dbOr Zgr {~`{Xhr bVwZ{\$Hw$Zm Hw$ZyOh_m
\$s g~r{bbmho) A`V _hmZ {XImB XoVr h `m|{H$ amo_r emgZ Ho$
Bg H$Xa g_yb {dZme Ho$ nMmV {H$ H$ga H$m Zm_mo-{ZemZ VH$ {_Q>
OmE & {\$a BgmB`V H$m Am{Yn` EH$ AmMÒZH$ gyMZm Wr, naVw
wXm VAmbm H$s ~mV| nyar hmoH$a ahVr h & H$ga H$m emgZ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gyMZmZwgma {_Q> J`m VWm EH$
XrK g_` Ho$ nMmV Hw$VwVw{Z`m Ho$ amOm H$mo Omo "H$ga' H$s Cnm{Y
mV Wr Hw$VwVw{Z`m na {dO` Ho$ gmW dh ^r OmVr ahr VWm Bbm_
ggma Ho$ Mmam| Amoa \$b J`m, naVw Xgdt eVmXr {hOr go \$Oo AmdO
(AamOH$Vm) H$m `wJ nwZ: ma^ hmo J`m Ama _gr{h`V Zo Yrao-Yrao
CZ Xoem| go CZ{V H$aZm ma^ {H$`m Ohm {H$ Cg g_` O~{H$ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _gr{h`V H$s nwZ: CZ{V H$s
gyMZm Xr Wr CgH$m Zm_ VH$ ^r Z nm`m OmVm Wm VWm EH$ gm df
H$s Ad{Y go Vmo g_V {dd _| _grhr emgZ Bg H$ma ^wd O_mE
hE h {H$ amo_ dm{g`m| H$s gyMZm Ho$ nyU hmoZo _| H$moB gXoh Zht ahm &
`h ^{d`dmUr Bg{bE _hdnyU h {H$ Bbm_ Ho$ Hw$N> {dmZm| Zo Bg
Ho$ g~Y _| {bIm h {H$ `h {ZemZr g_V {Zem{Z`m| Ho$ nyU hmo OmZo Ho$
nMmV nyU hmoJr & AV: Zdm~ {grH$ hgZ Im gm{h~ AnZr {H$Vm~
"hOOwb{H$am_h' _| n{H$m he[a`m go CXYV H$aVo hE {bIVo h :-
AZwdmX :- O~ g_V bjU H$Q> hmo OmEJo Vmo BgmB H$m_ ~hV
gmao Xoem| na Am{Yn` O_m boJr & (AZwdmXH$)
AV: Xgar {Zem{Z`m| go {_bH$a _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s Amoa
gHo$V H$aZo Ho$ A{V[aV `h gyMZm d` _| ^r ~hV Hw$N> nW-XeZ
H$m H$maU h &
_gr{h`V H$s Bg CZ{V Ho$ g_j Bbm_ H$s pW{V agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ `m| dUZ H$aVo h {H$ (~XAbBbm_mo Jar~Z d g`D$Xmo Jar~Z \$Vy~m {bb Jwa~mE)
94
Bbm_ Cg g_` ~hV hr {Z~b hmoJm, A{nVw XOmb dmbr hXrg _|
Vmo \$a_mVo h {H$ - ~hV go _wgb_mZ XOmb (PyR>m, _H$ma, g`
H$mo Nw>nmZo dmbm) Ho$ AZw`m`r hmo OmEJo 83 AV: A~ Eogr hr pW{V
h & _wgb_mZ Cg d^d Ama {VR>m Ho$ nMmV {OgZo Ch| ggma H$m
AHo$bm dm_r ~Zm aIm Wm AmO EH$ Aghm` Ama AZmW ~Mo H$s
^m{V h {H$ Hw$N> _grhr epV`m| H$s ghm`Vm Ho$ {~Zm CZH$mo AnZm
ApVd Wm{nV aIZm VH$ H${R>Z h & Bg g_` bmIm| _wgb_mZ
_grhr hmo JE h VWm {ZaVa _grhr hmo aho h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Y_ H$s AmV[aH$ pW{V

ggma Ho$ Y_m] H$s epV Ho$ A{V[aV _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ _|
CZH$s Omo AmV[aH$ pW{V hmoZo dmbr Wr Cgo ^r agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo {dVma go dUZ {H$`m h & AV: Cg
g_` Ho$ _wgb_mZm| H$s pW{V H$m Zem Amn (g.A.d.) Zo Bg H$ma
aoIm{H$V {H$`m h :Cg g_` bmoJ maY (H$) Ho$ BH$mar hmo OmEJo & AV: hOaV
Abr(a{O.) dUZ H$aVo h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo
\$a_m`m {H$ b` Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$ `h h {H$ bmoJ "H$' (maY)
H$m BH$ma H$a|Jo& 84 Bg H$ Ho$ BH$ma go A{^m` {ZM` hr _wgb_mZm|
H$m BH$ma h `m|{H$ A` Om{V`m Vmo nhbo hr Bg ~mV na B_mZ Zht
aIVr Wt & `h amoJ {Og {XZ go _wgb_mZm| _| H$Q> hmo ahm h Cgo
dUZ H$aZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht & AmYw{ZH$ {dmAm| na _wY _wgb_mZ
`yamon Ho$ AkmZ boIH$m| Ho$ Amamon go ^`^rV hmoH$a H$ (maY) H$m
nQ> Vma na BH$ma H$a aho h VWm Bg _hdnyU _m_bo H$s loR>Vm,
CgHo$ bm^ VWm CgH$s gMmB go {~Hw$b AkmZ hmo aho h &
_wgb_mZm| _| Xgam n[adVZ Amn (g.A.d.) Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h
{H$ bmoJ OH$mV (YZdmZ _wgb_mZm| go CZHo$ YZ H$m 1/40% YZ
boH$a Aghm` Ama {ZYZm| H$s ghm`Vm H$s OmVr h - AZwdmXH$) H$mo
XS> g_P|Jo& 85 `h ^r hOaV Abr(a{O.) go "Ab ~Oma' Zo ZH$b {H$`m
95
Xm'dVwb A_ra
h 86 AV: Bg g_` O~{H$ _wgb_mZm| na Mmam| Amoa go AmnXmE Am
ahr h VWm OH$mV Ho$ A{V[aV ^r {OVZo XmZ-nw` do H$a| H$_ h &
A{YH$me _wgb_mZ OH$mV H$s AXm`Jr go Omo Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa
go, A{Zdm` h Or MwamVo h Ama Ohm Bbm_r AmXoem| Ho$ AVJV OH$mV
br OmVr h dhm Vmo Z MmhVo hE Hw$N> AXm ^r H$a XoVo h naVw Ohm
`h `dWm Zht dhm Hw$N>oH$ Ho$ A{V[aV A{YH$me bmoJ OH$mV Zht
XoVo Ama Omo H$m_| OH$mV XoVr ^r h do Cgo XeZ ({XImdm) H$m
_m`_ ~Zm boVr h VWm Bg H$ma XoVr h {H$ Xgam Cgo OH$mV Zht
g_PVm A{nVw Om{VJV H$m`m] Ho$ {bE AZwXmZ g_PVm h &
_wgb_mZm| H$s pW{V _| EH$ n[adVZ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ `h ~`mZ \$a_mVo h {H$ dh H$m_ Omo òH$ {` go {`
dVw H$mo wXm Ama agyb Ho$ gHo$V _m go ~{bXmZ H$a XoVr Wr VWm
ggma CgH$s pQ> _| EH$ _wX} (ed) go A{YH$ _hd Z aIVm Wm dh
ggma Ho$ {bE Y_ H$m {dH$` H$aoJr 87 VWm `h n[adVZ Bg g_`
BVZr ~hbVm Ho$ gmW hmo ahm h {H$ EH$ Bbm_ go o_ aIZo dmbo H$m
X` Cgo XoIH$a {dV hmo OmVm h & {dmZ, gy\$s, emgH$ VWm OZ
gmYmaU g_V X{Z`m H$mo Y_ na _wIVm Xo aho h VWm VwN> go VwN>
gmgm[aH$ bm^m| hoVw Y_ Ama Bbm_r {hVm| H$m ~{bXmZ H$a aho h &
EH$ n[adVZ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go BZo
A~mg(a{O.) BZo _aX{d`m 88 Zo `h ~`mZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg `wJ _|
Z_mO `mJ Xr OmEJr& 89 AV: `h n[adVZ ^r CnZ hmo MwH$m h &
g`m H$s pQ> go _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbo g_V bmoJm| _| go EH$
{VeV ~S>r _wpH$b go nmMm| Z_mOm| Ho$ nm~X {XImB X|Jo & hmbm{H$
Z_mO A{Zdm` Ama {H$`mp_H$ V^m| _| go W_ V^ h VWm Hw$N>
{dmZm| Ho$ {ZH$Q> CgH$mo `mJZo dmbm H$m{\$a h & Bg g_` _pOX|
~hV h naVw CZ_| Z_mO nT>Zo dmbo {XImB Zht XoVo A{nVw ~hV gr
_pOXm| _| OmZda ahVo h VWm CZH$m An_mZ H$aVo h naVw _wgb_mZ
H$mo CZH$mo Am~mX H$aZo H$s {MVm Zht &
EH$ n[adVZ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ
{H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` bmoJ Z_mO H$mo ~hV erK-erK nT>m H$a|Jo &
96
AV: BZo _gD$X(a{O.) H$s [adm`V go A~we Zo BemAV 90 _| dUZ
{H$`m h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \$a_m`m {H$
nMmg bmoJ Z_mO nT>|Jo VWm CZ_| {H$gr H$s EH$ Z_mO ^r drH$ma Z
hmoJr& 91 BgH$m A{^m` `hr h {H$ OXr-OXr Z_mO| nT>|Jo &
AmV[aH$ drH$m[aVm Vmo {H$gr ~mV H$m bjU Zht R>ham`m Om gH$Vm
`m|{H$ CgH$m kmZ wXm Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr H$mo Zht hmo gH$Vm VWm
`j bjUm| _| go {OZ go Z_mO H$s AdrH$m[aVm H$m hmb kmV hmoVm
h g~ go nQ> bjU Z_mO H$m OX-OX nT>Zm h {H$ OX-OX
Z_mO AXm H$aZo dmbo go d` agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Zo \$a_m`m {H$ Z_mO Zht hB {\$a Xmoham& 92 `h n[adVZ ^r Bg
g_` nm`m OmVm h & Omo bmoJ Z_mO nT>Vo h do Z_mO H$mo BVZr
OXr-OXr AXm H$aVo h {H$ `m| kmV hmoVm h {H$ Ogo _wJm Mm|M| _ma
ahm h VWm Z_mO Ho$ nMmV b~o-b~o dOr\o$ (Omn) nT>Vo ahVo h &
EH$ bjU agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ `h dUZ
\$a_mVo h {H$ Cg g_` Hw$AmZ CR> OmEJm, Ho$db CgH$m {Mh eof ah
OmEJm& 93 `h bjU ^r Bg g_` nyU hmo MwH$m h & Hw$AmZ H$ar_
CnbY h, naVw Cg na {dMma Ama {MVZ H$moB Zht H$aVm & ~S>r
{d{M ~mV h {H$ _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$s O_mAV Ho$ A{V[aV
g_V ggma _| Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$ht Zht nT>m OmVm & Hw$N> AN>o-AN>o
_mbdr earAV Ho$ AmXoem| Ama hXrg Ho$ {deofk Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$
AZwdmX go gamoH$ma Zht aIVo VWm Cg na {dMma Ama {MVZ H$aZm
AdY OmZVo h VWm g_PVo h {H$ Hw$N> AVrV Ho$ {dmZm| Zo wXm Ho$
H$bm_ Ho$ Omo AW H$a {XE h CZ Ho$ A{V[aV A~ wXm Ho$ H$bm_ _|
Hw$N> eof Zht h & hmbm{H$ `{X agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ nMmV Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s `m`m H$m ma Iwbm ahm h Vmo
H$moB H$maU Zht {H$ A~ dh ~X hmo J`m hmo VWm CgHo$ Am`mp_H$
kmZm| H$s {IS>H$s ~X H$a H$s JB hmo &
EH$ bjU ApV_ `wJ Ho$ gX^ _| Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ go BZo A~mg {~Z _aX{d`h Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg `wJ
_| bmoJ EH$ Amoa Vmo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s Amoa `mZ Z X|Jo, Xgar Amoa
Xm'dVwb A_ra
97
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CgH$s `j gOmdQ> _| Eogo `V hm|Jo {H$ Cg na gmoZo go {Z{_V
H$nS>o Ho$ AmdaU MT>mEJo& 94 `h bjU ^r nyU hmo ahm h & _wgb_mZ
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ nT>Zo go Vmo {~Hw$b bmnadmh h VWm Cgo ImobH$a
XoIZm AdY g_PVo h, naVw gwZhar AmdaU MT>m H$a Chm|Zo Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ Kam| _| Ad` aI N>moS>o h VWm CgH$s `j gOmdQ> BVZr H$aVo
h {H$ nydH$mbrZ eVmpX`m| Ho$ _wgb_mZm| _| Bg H$ma H$s gOmdQ> H$m
_mU Zht {_bVm & hmbm{H$ do bmoJ `m g`_ H$s pQ> go Ama `m
gmgm[aH$ {VR>m _| BZ bmoJm| go H$ht ~T>H$a Wo &
EH$ n[adVZ _wgb_mZm| H$s AmV[aH$ pW{V _| agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` _pOXm|
H$mo gOmEJo& 95 `h n[adVZ ^r Bg g_` nm`m OmVm h & _wgb_mZ
A` Om{V`m| H$s XoIm-XoIr AnZr _pOXm| H$mo BVZm gOmVo h VWm
~ob-~yQ>o ~ZmVo h Ama \$mZyg go Ch| gwgpOV H$aVo Ama CZH$s Xrdmam|
na gwXa nX} bQ>H$mVo h {H$ EH$ gm_m` Bbm_r CnmgZm-Jh H$s
VwbZm _| hXrg Ho$ eXm| _| {H$ do _y{VJhm| Ho$ A{YH$ g_$n h& 96
EH$ n[adVZ Bg `wJ Ho$ g~Y _| Amn (g.A.d.) Zo `h dUZ
{H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` Aa~ Ho$ bmoJ Y_ go {~Hw$b Xa Om nS>|Jo Ama
dh Y_ Omo CZHo$ EH$ `pV na CVam VWm CZHo$ Xoe _| CgZo
{ejU nm`m VWm CZHo$ Xoe go CgH$m gma hAm Ama CZH$s ^mfm _|
{OgH$s Bhm_r {H$Vm~ CVar Ama A~ VH$ Cgr ^mfm _| nT>r OmVr h
A{nVw Cgr Ho$ H$maU CZ H$s ^mfm OrdV h do Cgo `mJ X|Jo VWm
Aa~r ~mobZo Ho$ ~mdOyX Bbm_ Y_ go AZ{^k hm|Jo Ama Hw$AmZ H$ar_
CZH$mo bm^ XmZ Z H$aoJm A{nVw CZHo$ X` dgo hr wXm H$mo nhMmZZo
Ho$ kmZ go [aV hm|Jo Ogo {H$ CZ bmoJm| Ho$ Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo
g_PZo H$s `mo`Vm Zht aIVo & AV: Xb_r Zo hOaV Abr(a{O.) go
[adm`V dUZ H$s h {H$ Cg g_` bmoJm| Ho$ X` AOZ{~`m| H$s ^m{V
hm|Jo Ama ^mfm Aa~m| H$s Vah 97 AWmV Aa~r ~mob|Jo naVw Aa~r Y_
H$m CZHo$ X` na ^md Z hmoJm & Bg g_` `h n[adVZ ^r {d_mZ
h & Aa~m| H$s Y_ go BVZr Xar h {H$ BZ bmoJm| go A{YH$ CZ bmoJm|
H$mo Y_ H$m kmZ h Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo Z d` g_P gH$Vo h Z CZ
98
H$mo g_PmZo dmbm H$moB CnbY h &
EH$ _hmZ n[adVZ _wgb_mZm| H$s n[apW{V`m| _| agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` Aa~ go
Ym{_H$ dVVm BVZr CR> OmEJr {H$ dhm gXm_m bmoJ H$Q> Zht hmo
gH|$Jo & AV: hOaV Abr(a{O.) go Xb_r Zo [adm`V H$s h {H$ CZ_|
gXm_m bmoJ Nw>n H$a {\$a|Jo& 98 `h n[adVZ ^r Aa~ _| CnZ h &
dhm Ho$ bmoJm| _| Ym{_H$ g{hUwVm {~Hw$b eof Zht ahr, AnZo {dMmam|
Ama ar{V-[admOm| Ho$ BVZo AmgV h {H$ wXm Ama CgHo$ agyb
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s AmdmO na b~H$ (CnpWV h) H$hZo
dmbm| Ho$ mU CZgo gwa{jV Zht h & `{n `h AmnXm A` Bbm_r
Xoem| _| ^r H$Q> h, naVw Aa~ na {deofV`m IoX h {H$ dhm hO H$m
H$V` nyU H$aZo Ho$ {bE òH$ gm_`dmZ `pV H$mo wXm Ho$
AmXoemZwgma OmZm hmoVm h & AV: BZ Ho$ pW{V-n[adVZ go g` H$mo
hm{Z nhMVr h VWm hO Ho$ H$m` H$mo AXm H$aZo H$m Ho$db `hr _mJ
ah OmVm h {H$ `Wmg^d _Zw` Im_moer go Bg H$V` H$mo nyU H$aHo$
dmng Am OmE Bbm _memAbmh & H$me ! Abmh VAmbm Aa~ Ho$
bmoJm| H$mo {hXm`V (nW-XeZ) XmZ H$ao Ama do {\$a Cgr H$ma
Bbm_r kmZ aIZo dmbo hm| {Og H$ma Voah gm df nyd Wo &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Z{VH$ AdWm
Ym{_H$ n[adVZ Ho$ nMmV _ do bjU ~VmVm h Omo agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X Ho$ g_` H$s Z{VH$ AdWm
Ho$ gX^ _| dUZ {H$E h & EH$ bjU agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` AbrbVm A`{YH$ \$b
OmEJr A{nVw ham_H$mar (`{^Mma) ~hV \$b OmEJr & bmoJ AbrbVm
na Jd H$a|Jo& 99 AV: BZo e~m H$s [adm`V h {H$ b` Ho$ {ZH$Q>
AmZo Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$ Abrb Ama AbrbVm H$m H$Q>Z ^r
h& 100 Ama Bgr H$ma AZg {~Z _m{bH$ go "_wpb_' (hXrg H$s
nwVH$ H$m Zm_) _| [adm`V h {H$ b` H$s {Zem{Z`m| _| go EH$
99
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`{^Mma H$m H$Q>Z h 101 VWm A~y haam(a{O.) go BZo _aX{d`m Zo
[adm`V H$s h {H$ Cg g_` AdY ~Mo MwaVm Ho$ gmW hmo OmEJo 102
ò AbrbVm Ho$ g_V H$ma Bg g_` ggma _| {d_mZ h & Bg ~S>o
`{^Mma Ho$ A{V[aV h_ XoIVo h {H$ `yamonr` g`Vm Zo Eogm aJ
YmaU H$a {b`m h {H$ Bbm_ Zo {OZ ~mVm| H$mo Abrb R>ham`m h do
CZHo$ g_mO _| g`Vm H$m ^mJ ~Z JB h & CXmhaUV`m nap`m| H$s
H$_a _| hmW S>mbH$a Z` H$aZm, p`m| H$s gwXaVm Ama gmX` H$s
egm H$aZm, nap`m| H$mo gmW boH$a ^_U H$aZm B`m{X B`m{X & Bg
`wJ go nyd BZ ~mVm| H$m {dMma ^r Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm Wm, Z Aa~
_| Z {H$gr A` Xoe _| & {hXVmZ g_V VdmXr bjUm| Ho$ ~mdOyX
Bg AbrbVm go n{d Wm, BamZ ^moJ {dbmg _| {g{ Ho$ ~mdOyX Bg
AbrbVm go n{d Wm, _gr{h`V H$m ghmam amo_ H$s H$m_ Z{VH$ Vma
na _wXm hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX Bg H$ma H$s ^moJ-{dbmg H$s XmgVm go
gwa{jV Wr & `{X AmO Omo Hw$N> hmo ahm h CgH$m {dVV Zem nydOm|
Ho$ g_j dUZ H$a {X`m OmVm Vmo do H$^r drH$ma Z H$aVo {H$ {H$gr
Om{V _| g`Vm Ho$ Xmdo Ho$ ~mdOyX ò H$` {H$E Om gH$Vo VWm g`Vm
Ama {eQ>Vm H$m ^mJ g_Po Om gH$Vo h & nydH$mbrZ `wJm| _| ^r Z`
Ama ZmQ>H$ hmoVo Wo naVw `h H$moB drH$ma H$aZo H$mo V`ma Z Wm {H$
Hw$brZ Ama g` hmoZo H$m _yb H$hbmZo dmbo dem| H$s ~h-~o{Q>`m Bg
H$` H$mo AnZm `dgm` ~ZmEJr VWm `h ~mV na Jd H$m H$maU hm|Jr
VWm Bgr Ho$ _hd Ama {VR>m H$mo ~T>m X|Jr VWm CgH$s Hw$brZVm _|
Hw$N> H$_r CnZ Z hmoZo X|Jr &
Bg gm_m` AbrbVm Ho$ A{V[aV ~S>r AbrbVm AWmV XamMma
({OZm) H$m ^r Bg g_` ~mh` h & A{YH$me Xoem| _| {OZ_| BgmB`V
H$m ^md h EH$ H$m_wH$ Xmof Ho$ Vma na Zht g_Pm OmVm A{nVw EH$
dm^m{dH$ {H$`m VWm {Z`{V H$m C_ g_Pm OmVm h & {ZgXoh
d`mE nydH$mbrZ g_` _| ^r hmoVr Wt, naVw `h {H$g Ho$ _pVH$ _|
Am gH$Vm Wm {H$ {H$gr g_` gaH$ma p`m| H$mo ~S>o-~S>o doVZ XoH$a
goZmAm| Ho$ gmW aIoJr Vm{H$ g{ZH$m| H$s Amd`H$VmAm| H$s ny{V hmo VWm
Ch| N>md{Z`m| go ~mha OmZo H$m H$Q> Z hmo, H$mZ `h {dMma H$a
100
gH$Vm Wm {H$ r Ama nwf Ho$ g~Y BVZo {demb hmo OmEJo {H$ r
H$m {H$gr nwf Ho$ Ka na OmZm EH$ Z{VH$ nmn Zht g_Pm OmEJm
A{nVw _mZd dVVm H$m EH$ ^mJ g_Pm OmEJm Ama {ZH$mh H$mo
CgH$s _mZ{gH$ XmgVm H$m bjU g_Pm OmEJm, Ogm {H$ AmO \$mg
Ama A_arH$m Ho$ bmIm| bmoJm| H$m {dMma h & `h ~mV {H$gHo$ _pVH$
_| Am gH$Vr Wr {H$ {H$gr g_` Bg na {ZVmV J^raVm go ~hg| hm|Jr
{H$ {ZH$mh EH$ nwamVZ {dMma h & òH$ nwf Cg r go {Ogo dh
ngX H$ao g~Y Wm{nV H$aHo$ gVmZ CnZ H$a gH$Vm h VWm r
EH$ _y`dmZ _erZ go A{YH$ _hd Zht aIVr, {Oggo nyam H$m` boH$a
Xoe H$mo bm^ nhMmZm Mm{hE Ogm {H$ AmOH$b Hw$N> H$`y{ZQ> Ama
{deofH$a ~me{dH$ _Vmdbp~`m| H$m {dMma h &
O~ AbrbVm Ama `{^Mma H$s AdWm `h hmo Vmo {dMma {H$`m
Om gH$Vm h {H$ AdY ~Mo {H$g MwaVm go hm|Jo, `m|{H$ O~ VH$ Xoe
_| `{^Mma (ham_H$mar) EH$ Xmof g_Pm OmE bmoJ Eogr gVmZ nrN>o
N>moS>Zm ngX Zht H$aVo {Ogo AdY ~Mm hmoZo H$m H$Q>mj {H$`m OmE,
naVw {Og g_mO _| `{^Mma Ho$ ApVd go hr BH$ma {H$`m OmE Ama
{ZH$mh H$mo `W Ym{_H$ hVjon g_Pm OmE Cg_| Eogr gVmZ go `m
bOm hmo gH$Vr h A{nVw `m| H$hZm Mm{hE {H$ Eogo g_mO _| Eogr
gVmZ Ho$ A{V[aV A` gVmZ {_b ^r H$hm gH$Vr h & AV:
Cn`wV {dMmaYmam dmbo bmoJm| _| Eogr hr gVmZ| CnZ H$s OmVr h
Ama Cgo Hw$N> Xmof Zht g_Pm OmVm &
naVw BZHo$ A{V[aV A` bmoJ Omo {ZH$mh H$mo H$_ go H$_ EH$
nwamVZ nanam g_P H$a n[a`mJ H$aZm Zht MmhVo, CZ_| ^r AdY
gVmZ Ho$ g_WZ _| Bg g_` Bg H$ma H$m Omoe nm`m OmVm h {H$
~S>o-~S>o Xme{ZH$ CZHo$ Xoe Ho$ {bE EH$ Z_V VWm gwajm H$m _m`_
R>ham aho h VWm Eogr gVmZ H$mo _mVm-{nVm H$m Cmam{YH$mar ~ZmZo Ho$
g_WZ _| ~S>o Omoa go AmXmobZ H$a aho h Ama Xgao aJ _| gaH$ma H$mo
Ch| AnZm ~Mm g_P H$a CZH$m {deof Vma na `mZ aIZo H$m
nam_e Xo aho h & O~ n[apW{V`m ò hm| Vmo CZ jom| _| AdY
gVmZm| H$m Omo ~mh` hmo gH$Vm h CgH$m CXmhaU nydH$mbrZ `wJm| _|
Xm'dVwb A_ra
101
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{_bZo H$m Vmo `m AW `h ^r AZw_mZ Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm {H$
nydH$mbrZ `wJm| Ho$ bmoJ Bg H$ma H$s pW{V H$s H$nZm ^r H$a gH$Vo
Wo &
EH$ n[adVZ Cg `wJ H$s Z{VH$ AdWm Ho$ g~Y _| agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h ~Vm`m h {H$ - Cg g_` _{XamnmZ
A`{YH$ ~T> OmEJm & AV: _wpb_ _| AZg(a{O.) {~Z _m{bH$ go
[adm`V h {H$ b` Ho$ bjUm| ({ZemZm|) _| go EH$ `h ^r h {H$
(`wea~wb_amo) _{XamnmZ ~hV hmoJm VWm A~y ZB_ Zo
"h{b`m' _| hO\$m {~Z Ab`_mZ(a{O.) go [adm`V H$s h {H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo b` Ho$ bjUm| _| go `h ^r dUZ
{H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` _mJm] _| _{XamnmZ {H$`m OmEJm & 104 _{Xam
(eam~) H$s A{YH$Vm Omo Bg `wJ _| h Cgo {H$gr dUZ H$s Amd`H$Vm
Zht & `yamon _| {OVZm _{XamnmZ hmoVm h CVZm nmZr Zht {n`m
OmVm & mMrZ `wJm| _| ^r bmoJ _{XamnmZ H$aVo Wo, naVw ~Vma
{dbmgVm `m Amf{Y Ho$, naVw AmOH$b ggma Ho$ EH$ ~S>o ^y-^mJ _|
_{Xam ~Vma ^moOZ Ama nmZr Ho$ nr OmVr h & {deofH$a dh bjU Omo
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo dUZ {H$`m h {H$ _mJm] _|
_{XamnmZ {H$`m OmEJm & `h Bg `wJ H$mo mMrZ `wJm| go nWH$ H$a XoVm
h & nydH$mbrZ `wJm| _| My{H$ _{Xam ^moJ-{dbmg Ho$ gmYZm| _| go g_Pr
OmVr Wr VWm Cgo mV H$aZo Ho$ {bE dh `mg Zht {H$`m OmVm Wm
Omo A~ {H$`m OmVm h & {deof-{deof WmZm| na XH$mZ| hmoVr Wt Ohm
go bmoJ _{Xam IarX boVo Wo, naVw A~ Vmo `h hmb h {H$ _{Xam nmZr
Ho$ WmZ na `moJ hmoVr h & Bg{bE BgH$m WmoS>r-WmoS>r Xar na _mJm]
na CnbY H$amZm Amd`H$ hmo J`m h & AV: `yamon _| _mJm] Ho$
{H$Zmao-{H$Zmao WmoS>r-WmoS>r Xar na _{Xam H$s XH$mZ| Iwbr hB h Vm{H$
`m{`m| H$m H$R> ewH$ Z ah OmE VWm aobm| Ho$ gmW _{Xam H$m ~Y
{H$`m OmVm h & Mmho ^moOZ H$m ~Y hmo Z hmo, naVw Vrjmb`m| _|
_{Xam Ad` V`ma aIr OmVr h & bXZ Ogo eham| _| WmoS>r-WmoS>r Xar
na _{Xam Ama nmZr Ho$ {Jbmg g_mZ _y` na ~oMo OmVo h, naVw
nmZr nrZo Ho$ Co` go Zht A{nVw A` Amd`H$VmAm| H$s ny{V Ho$ {bE
102
aIm OmVm h & _{Xam H$s A{YH$Vm H$m aoIm-{M Bg dmmV go ^br^m{V g_P _| Am gH$Vm h Omo h_mar O_mAV Ho$ BbS> Ho$ EH$
MmaH$ Ho$ gm_Zo Am`m & CZH$m Jh-dm_r CZH$s gM[aVm Ama
gX`dhma H$mo XoI H$a BVZm gZ hAm {H$ CgZo EH$ {XZ ~S>o o_ go
H$hm - _ Amn H$mo EH$ ZgrhV H$aVm h {Ogo ^br-^m{V _aU aI|,
Bggo AmnH$m dm` ~hV AN>m ahoJm Ama dh `h h {H$ Amn Bg
Xoe _| nmZr {~Hw$b Z {nE & _oao {nVm Zo OrdZ n`V EH$ ~ma nmZr
{n`m Wm, dh Cgr {XZ _a J`m & _Zo A~ VH$ H$^r nmZr Zht
{n`m & O~ h_mao MmaH$ Zo H$hm {H$ dh Vmo _{Xam H$s EH$ ~yX ^r
Zht nrVo, nmZr hr nrVo h Vmo dh A`V M{H$V hAm VWm Bg ~mV
H$m _mZZm Cgo ~hV H${R>Z _mby_ hAm &
EH$ Zm{VH$ n[adVZ Bg `wJ Ho$ gX^ _| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` OwAm IobZo H$s
A{YH$Vm hmoJr& 105 AV: hOaV Abr(a{O.) go Xb_r _| [adm`V h {H$
b` H$s {ZH$Q>Vm Ho$ bjUm| _| go `h ^r h {H$ Cg g_` OwE H$m
Iob (bm'~o _`{ga) A{YH$ hmo OmEJm& 106 `h n[adVZ Bg g_` {Og
gr_m VH$ H$Q> hmo ahm h Cg H$m dUZ H$aZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht &
OwAm IobZm `yamon Ama A_arH$m Ho$ bmoJm| H$m Z Ho$db `dgm` h A{nVw
CZH$s g`Vm H$m EH$ AQy>Q> AJ hmo J`m h & OrdZ Ho$ òH$ ^mJ _|
OwE H$m {H$gr Z {H$gr aJ _| hVjon h & OwE H$m gm_m` T>J ^moOZ
H$s g^mAm| Ho$ nMmV H$m EH$ gm_m` `dgm` h hr naVw BgHo$
A{V[aV ^r bmQ>[a`m| H$m dh ~mh` h {H$ `m| H$hZm Mm{hE {H$
`mnma H$m ^r nMrg {VeV ^mJ OwE H$s ^|Q> MT> ahm h & {ZZ go
boH$a CM VH$ g~ bmoJ OwAm IobVo h VWm H$^r-H$^r Zht, bJ^J
{V{XZ & OwE Ho$ bg em`X g_V b~m| go A{YH$ YZmT>` h &
BQ>br H$m _mQ>rH$mbm} b~ Omo YZmT>` bmoJm| Ho$ OwE H$m Wb h H$^r
H$^r EH$ EH$ {XZ _| OwE mam H$amoS>m| nE Hw$N> hmWm| go {ZH$b H$a
Hw$N> A` hmWm| _| Mbo OmVo h & gmame `h {H$ OwE H$m BVZm ~mh`
h {H$ `h H$hZm C{MV Z hmoJm {H$ AmYw{ZH$ g`Vm _| go OwE H$mo
{ZH$mb H$a BVZr _hmZ [aVVm CnZ hmo OmVr h {H$ CgH$s ny{V
Xm'dVwb A_ra
103
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{H$gr A` dVw go Zht H$s Om gH$Vr & {ZûH$ hmoH$a BH$ma VWm
IS>Z H$hm Om gH$Vm h {H$ nydH$mbrZ `wJm| _| go H$moB `wJ ^r bo
{b`m OmE CgH$s EH$ df H$s OwE~mOr Bg `wJ H$s EH$ {XZ H$s
OwE~mOr go ^r ghm| ^mJ H$_ ahoJr & OrdZ ~r_m, ApZ ~r_m,
Mmoar ~r_m, ~r{g`m| H$ma Ho$ ~r_o hr h {OZHo$ A^md _| bmoJm| H$m
H$m` Zht Mb gH$Vm O~{H$ nydH$mbrZ bmoJ BZHo$ Zm_m| go ^r
An[a{MV Wo &
EH$ n[adVZ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo Z{VH$ Xem
_| `h dUZ {H$`m Wm {H$ Cg g_` n{d Am_m g_mV hmo OmEJr 107
bmoJ BgH$s {^Z-{^Z `m`mE H$aVo h, naVw ~mV nQ> h & Bg H$m
AW `h h {H$ Cg g_` n{d X` _Zw` H$m mV hmoZm Ag^d hmo
OmEJm & A~ Bg ~mV H$mo XoI br{OE, _grh _mD$X Ho$ ^md H$mo
nWH$ H$aHo$ gnyU {dd na pQ> S>mb b| X` H$s n{dVm H$ht Zht
{_boJr & H$hm Vmo _wgb_mZm| _| EH$-EH$ g_` _| bmIm| wXm dmbo
(wXm VH$ nhMo bmoJ) _Zw` hmoVo Wo H$hm AmO Bg Amd`H$Vm Ama
AmnXm Ho$ g_` EH$ gXm_m H$m CnbY hmoZm Ag^d h & {ZgXoh
~S>o-~S>o Jr ZerZ ({H$gr gmYy `m \$H$sa H$s Jr na Cmam{YH$mar ~Z
H$a ~R>Zo dmbo) {dmZ, Jw Ama gy\$s {d_mZ h {OZHo$ ghm|, bmIm|
{e` Ama AZw`m`r h naVw n{d X` H$moB Zht & CZ_| go {H$gr EH$
H$m ^r wXm VAmbm go g~Y Zht & AnZr Amoa go Omn Ama dOr\o$
H$aZo Vmo n{dVm H$m bjU Zht h & n{dVm H$m Vmo bjU `h h {H$
wXm VAmbm Ho$ o_ H$mo Eogo bmoJ Am_gmV H$ab| VWm wXm VAmbm
CZHo$ {bE AnZo o_ H$mo H$Q> H$ao VWm AnZo d{^_mZ H$mo CZHo$ {bE
Omoe _| bmE VWm CZH$s Zr`Vm| Ama BN>mAm| H$mo nyU H$ao, AnZr dmUr
Ho$ ah`m| H$mo CZ na H$Q> H$aoo, CZHo$ X`m| _| AnZo kmZ H$s g[aVm
~hm Xo, do Bbm_ na AmB hB AmnXmAm| H$m {ZdmaU H$aZo dmbo VWm
dmV{dH$ Vma na _wgb_mZm| Ho$ dmV{dH$ amoJm| H$mo Xa H$aZo dmbo hm|
naVw CZ_| Eogm EH$ `pV ^r Zht nm`m OmVm Omo {H$ Y_ Jw$,
gy\$s, Hw$Vw~, AXmb, {dmZ VWm {VR>mdmZ H$hbmE & AV: n{d
X` H$mo bmoJm| Zo _ma {X`m h VWm Vm_{gH$ d{m H$mo Or{dV H$a {X`m
104
h VWm dhr CZH$m _yb Co` ~Z ahm h &
Bg `wJ H$m EH$ bjU agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo
`h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` A_mZV g_mV hmo OmEJr& 108 AV:
Xb_r Zo hOaV Abr(a{O.) go [adm`V H$s h {H$ b` H$s {ZH$Q>Vm Ho$
bjUm| _| go EH$ bjU A_mZV H$s g_mpV ^r h 109 A_mZV g_mV
hmo OmZo VWm CgHo$ WmZ na ~oB_mZr Ho$ Am OmZo go Omo ` {XImB Xo
ahm h CgH$s A{YH$ `m`m H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht & òH$ Jmd Ama
òH$ _whbo Ama òH$ Ka Ho$ bmoJ Bg n[adVZ Ho$ H$Qw> ^md H$mo
_hgyg H$a aho h &
Bg `wJ H$s Z{VH$ Xem Ho$ g~Y _| EH$ n[adVZ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m Wm {H$ Cg g_` bmoJ
_mVm-{nVm go Vmo gX`dhma Z H$a|Jo, naVw {_m| go gX`dhma
H$a|Jo& 110 AV: A~y ZB_ Zo "h{bE' _| hO\$m {~Z Ab`_mZ go
[adm`V H$s h {H$ Cg g_` nw AnZo {nVm H$s Amkm H$m Vmo CbKZ
H$aoJm VWm AnZo {_ go CnH$ma H$aoJm& 111 `h n[adVZ ^r Bg g_`
BVZr A{YH$Vm Ho$ gmW CnZ hmo ahm h {H$ òH$ g` `pV H$m
X` Bgo XoIH$a _mo_ H$s ^m{V {nKb OmVm h & npM_r g`Vm na
_wY VWm AmYw{ZH$ {dm go H$me mV H$aZo dmbo bmoJ AnZo ~wOwJm]
H$mo _yI g_PVo h VWm CZH$s gJV go ~MVo h Ama AnZo g_mZ _V
aIZo dmbo `wdmAm| H$s bOmOZH$ g^mAm| _| AnZm g_` `VrV H$aZo
H$mo gwI g_PVo h, {_m| H$mo ^moOZ na ~wbmZo VWm CZHo$ AmXa-gH$ma
na `` H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZHo$ nmg n`m {ZH$b AmVm h, naVw {ZYZ
_mVm-{nVm H$s Amd`H$VmAm| H$s ny{V H$s Amoa CZH$m H$^r `mZ Zht
OmVm & {hXVmZ _| Eogo ghm| CXmhaU nmE OmVo h {H$ _mVm-{nVm Zo
^yI-o `mgo ahH$a VWm {XZ-amV n[al_ H$aHo$ ~Mm| H$mo {ejm {XbmB,
naVw O~ gVmZ {e{jV hmoH$a ZmH$ar na bJr Vmo Chm|Zo AnZo _mVm{nVm H$mo AnZo ~am~a ~R>mZm ^r e_ H$m H$maU g_Pm VWm CZHo$ gmW
Eogm `dhma {H$`m {H$ EH$ An[a{MV `pV CZH$mo godH$ hr g_P gH$Vm
h & A~ Vmo Bg H$ma Ho$ ghm| CXmhaU h, naVw nydH $mbrZ `wJm| _|
Bg H$ma H$m EH$ CXmhaU ^r CnbY hmoZm H${R>Z h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
105
Xm'dVwb A_ra
ej{UH$ AdWm
{Og H$ma _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ `wJ H$s Z{VH$ AdWm
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo dUZ H$s h Cgr H$ma Amn
(g.A.d.) Zo Bg `wJ H$s {ejm H$s pW{V H$m ^r dUZ {H$`m h &
AV: {Va{_Or (hXrg H$s nwVH$ H$m Zm_) _| AZg(a{O.) {~Z _m{bH$
dUZ H$aVo h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \$a_m`m h
{H$ b` Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$ bjU `h h {H$
`wa\$CbB_mo d ÒhbOhbmo kmZ OmVm ahoJm Ama {ZajaVm H$Q>
hmo OmEJr & Bgr gX^ H$m dUZ WmoS>o go AVa Ho$ gmW AZg(a{O.) go
~wmar Zo ^r VwV {H$`m h& 113 `h n[adVZ ^r CnZ hmo MwH$m
h & EH$ dh g_` Wm {H$ _wgb_mZm| H$s p`m ^r Y_em _| {ZnwU
Wt & hOaV C_a(a{O.) \$a_mVo h {H$ Agma (_XrZm-dmgr) H$s p`m
^r C_a(a{O.) go A{YH$ Hw$AmZ H$m kmZ aIVr h & Bg go CZH$m
A{^m` `h Wm {H$ ~Mm-~Mm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go Eogm n[a{MV h {H$
dh ~S>o go ~S>o {dmZ Ho$ \$do na {VZ H$a gH$Vm h & AnZo
A{e{jV hmoZo `m _yIVm Ho$ H$maU Zht A{nVw VH$m] Ho$ AmYma na &
hOaV AmBem(a{O.) Ho$ kmZ Ama XjVm H$m H$mZ BH$ma H$a gH$Vm h,
naVw AmO Ym{_H$ {ejm H$s `h pW{V h {H$ Eogo bmoJm| Ho$ A{V[aV
Omo Xgar {dmE mV H$aZo H$s `mo`Vm Zht aIVo BgH$s Amoa H$moB
`mZ hr Zht XoVm & Omo {ejm Ho$db Bg{bE mV H$s OmE {H$ CgH$s
mpV na Hw$N> `` Zht hmoVm A{nVw _wV _| Or{dH$m mV hmo OmVr
h Cg_| `m ~aH$V hmo gH$Vr h VWm Bg Zr`V go {ejm mV H$aZo
dmbo ggma H$mo `m bm^ nhMm gH$Vo h &
Bg hXrg H$m g_WZ Ama ~hV gr hXrgm| go ^r hmoVm h & BgH$m
`h AW H$Xm{n Zht {H$ Cg g_` g~ H$ma Ho$ kmZ g_mV hmo OmEJo
A{nVw Bggo A{^m` Ho$db Ym{_H$ {dmE h A`Wm gmgm[aH$ {dmAm| H$m
~mh` Vmo hXrgm| go _m{UV h & AV: {V[a_Or _| A~y haa m(a{O.) go
[adm`V h {H$ ApV_ `wJ _| Ym{_H$ Co`m| Ho$ A{V[aV A` Co`m| Ho$
{bE kmZ mV {H$E OmEJ&o 114 Ama `hr pW{V Bg g_` {d_mZ h &
106
gmgm[aH$ {dmE BVZr CZ{V H$a JB h {H$ EH$ ggma CZ H$s CZ{V
na AmM` M{H$V h VWm Ym{_H$ {dmE BVZr bmnadmhr H$m {eH$ma hmo
ahr h {H$ {ZVmV _yI bmoJ {dmZ H$hbmE Om aho h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
gm_m{OH$ AdWm
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X (Ab.) Ho$
`wJ H$s gm_m{OH$ pW{V H$s ^r $naoIm {M{V H$s h & A{YH$me Eogo
bjU dUZ {H$E h {OZ go Cg g_` H$s gm_m{OH$ pW{V H$m nyU
aoIm-{M gm_Zo Am OmVm h & AV: CZ bjUm| _| go EH$ `h h {H$
Cg g_` "gbm_' H$m T>J ~Xbm hAm hmoJm & B_m_ Ah_X {~Z h~b
ah_hbmh _AmO {~Z AZg(a{O.) go [adm`V H$aVo h {H$ Bg C_V H$s
XXem Ama ~a~mXr Ho$ `wJ H$m EH$ bjU `h hmoJm (`hr g_` _grh
_mD$X H$m h) {H$ bmoJ nana {_bVo hE EH$ Xgao na bmZV
(\$Q>H$ma) H$a|Jo& 115 `{n {H$ `m`mH$mam| Zo Bg hXrg Ho$ ò AW
{H$E h {H$ Bg go A{^m` AY_ bmoJm| H$m nana {_bVo g_` EH$
Xgao H$mo Jm{b`m XoZm h naVw dmVd _| Bg_| Bg go ^r A{YH$ EH$
A` n[adVZ H$s Amoa gHo$V h Omo AY_ `pV`m| _| hr Zht A{nVw
Hw$N> jom| Ho$ _wgb_mZ g` bmoJm| _| ^r nm`m OmVm h Ama dh
"~XJr' Ama "Vgbr_' H$m [admO h & {hXVmZ _| ~S>o bmoJ nana
gbm_ H$hZm An_mZ g_PVo h VWm CgHo$ WmZ na "AmXm~' Ama
"Vbr_' H$hVo h A{nVw {hXAm| Ho$ AZwgaU _| "~XJr' VH$ H$h XoVo
h {OgH$m A{^m` `h h {H$ _ AmnHo$ g_j AnZr XmgVm H$mo H$Q>
H$aVm h & ò eX CZ eXm| Ho$ WmZ na `moJ H$aVo h {OgH$m
A{^m` gwajm Ama gbm_Vr h dmVd _| bmZV hr h, `m|{H$ O~
H$moB `pV VdmX Ho$ eX H$hVm h AWdm wXm Ho$ {bE {Og
AmkmH$m[aVm H$m H$Q>Z {d{eQ> h CgH$m H$Q>Z bmoJm| Ho$ {bE H$aVm h
dh EH$ Xgao na wXm H$s bmZV S>mbVm h & "AmXm~' H$m eX {OgH$m
[admO _wgb_mZm| _| A{YH$ h CgH$m ^r dmVd _| `hr AW h {H$ h_
"~XJr' Ama "Vbr_' H$hVo h & `h eX Bg{bE AnZm {b`m J`m h
107
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Vm{H$ Eogo VdmXr eX {ZaVa `moJ H$aZo go X` _| Omo ^gZm
CnZ hmoVr h CgHo$ ^md go gwa{jV hmo OmE &
EH$ gm_m{OH$ n[adVZ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo
`h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` _wgb_mZm| _| g_mZ Y_ Ho$ H$maU Z
hmoJm A{nVw YZ-XmbV Ama amOZ{VH$ H$m`m] Ho$ H$maU hmoJm& 116 BZo
_aX{d`m ah_hbmh Zo BZo A~mg(a{O.) go [adm`V H$s h {H$ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \$a_m`m h {H$ - b` Ho$ bjUm|
_| go EH$ `h ^r h {H$ Cg g_` YZmT>` `pV H$m g_mZ hmoJm& 117
`h pW{V ^r A~ CnZ hmo MwH$s h & dh mMrZ {Z`_ Omo ImZXmZr
{VR>m H$mo g_V g_mZ Ho$ H$maUm| na _wIVm {XE hE Wm A~
{~Hw$b {_Q> J`m h VWm g_mZ H$m EH$ hr _mnXS> h {H$ `pV
YZdmZ hmo & nhbo YZdmZ Ama XmbV_X bmoJ {dmZm| H$s g^mAm| _|
CnpWV hmoVo Wo Ama A~ {dmZ Bg ~mV _| Jd _hgyg H$aVo h {H$
Ch| {H$gr YZmT>` H$s {_Vm H$m Jmad mV h `m `m| H${hE {H$
CgH$s MmIQ> na ZV _VH$ hmoZo H$m Jmad mV h &
Bgr H$ma hO\$m BZwb`_mZ go [adm`V h {H$ _wgb_mZm| na EH$
g_` AmZo dmbm h {H$ EH$ `pV H$s egm H$s OmEJr {H$ (_m AbXh d AOa\$h d Am'H$bh d _m \ $s H $p~hr
{_H$mbmo h~{VZ {_Z aX{bZ {_Z B_mZ) AWmV H$hm OmEJm {H$
A_wH$ `pV `m hr `mom h, `m hr gZ{Mm, `m hr gwerb, `m
hr ~w{_mZ h hmbm{H$ Cg `pV Ho$ X` _| EH$ amB Ho$ XmZo Ho$
~am~a ^r B_mZ Z hmoJm & `h pW{V ^r Bg g_` {d_mZ h & H$moB
`pV Mmho {H$VZm hr AY_u hmo _wgb_mZm| Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$m Zm_ boH$a
IS>m hmo OmE VwaV _wgb_mZm| H$m ZoVm ~Z OmEJm H$moB Zht nyN>Jo m {H$
`h `pV Bbm_ na Vmo H $m`_ Zht Bgo wXm VAmbm Zo Bbm_ H$m
ZoVm `m|H$a ~Zm {X`m & BVZm hr n`mV g_Pm OmEJm {H$ `h AN>m
^mfU XoVm h `m AnZo {Vr H$m ~S>r ~w{_mm go _wH$m~bm H$a
gH$Vm h AWdm amOZ{VH$ Amd`H$Vm H$s ny{V Ho$ {bE AnZo mU XoZo
H$mo V`ma h &
108
EH$ n[adVZ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ
{H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` _mo{_Z An_m{ZV hm|Jo VWm bmoJm| Ho$ ^` go
Nw>nVo {\$a|Jo& 119 hOaV BZo A~mg(a{O.) go BZo _aX{d`m(a{O.) Zo
[adm`V H$s h {H$ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo b` Ho$
bjUm| _| go EH$ bjU `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ _mo{_Z EH$ `w _| ~Xr
~ZmB JB r go ^r A{YH$ An_m{ZV g_Pm OmEJm& 120 {OgH$m AW
`h h {H$ Cg ~YH$ r go ^r bmoJ o_-g~Y Wm{nV H$a boVo h
VWm Cg go {ddmh H$a boVo h, naVw _mo{_Z go g~Y CnZ H$aZm
CZ {XZm| H$moB ngX Zht H$aoJm & Bgr H$ma hOaV Abr(a{O.) go Xb_r
Zo [adm`V H$s h {H$ CZ {XZm| ZoH$ bmoJ (gXm_m) Nw>n-Nw>n H$a
{\$a|Jo& 121 `h pW{V ^r EH$ g_` go CnZ hmo MwH$s h & _mo{_Zm| go
g~Y aIZo H$mo AdY g_Pm OmVm h & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ama agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ _mJ H$m Omo gMm AZw`m`r hmo
_wgb_mZm| _| Cg go A{YH$ {ZH$Q> `pV H$moB Zht g_Pm OmVm &
`hm VH$ {H$ _grh _mD$X Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ nMmV Vmo `h bjU Eogm
H$Q> hmo J`m h {H$ `{^Mm[aUr p`m|, Z_mO Z nT>Zo dmbm|, ~oB_mZm|,
PyR>m| VWm Abmh Ama agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo ~wam H$hZo
dmbm| go g~Y aIZm VWm CZHo$ gmW gX`dhma H$aZm Vmo dY g_Pm
OmVm h naVw {OZ bmoJm| Zo AmH$mer` da na d` H$mo VwV {H$`m h
CZH$mo {YH$mam OmVm h VWm CZ go ewVm aIr OmVr h &
Bg `wJ H$m EH$ bjU agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo
`h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` _wgb_mZm| _| Aa~r H$m MMm H$_ hmo
OmEJm& 122 AV: BZo A~mg(a{O.) go _aX{d`m(a{O.) Zo [adm`V H$s h
{H$ Amn (g.A.d.) Zo b` Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$ bjU `h dUZ {H$`m
h {H$ Cg g_` Z_m{O`m| H$s npV`m Vmo b~r-b~r hm|Jr naVw
^mfmE {^Z-{^Z hm|Jr& 123 `h Zem hO Ho$ {XZm| _| ^br ^m{V
{XImB XoVr h & hO Ho$ _hmZ Co`m| _| go EH$ Co` `h ^r Wm {H$
CgHo$ mam Bbm_r EH$Vm Wm{nV aho, naVw Aa~r ^mfm H$mo `mJ XoZo
Ho$ H$maU dhm bmoJ EH$ hmoH$a ^r hO Ho$ H$m` H$mo AXm H$aZo Ho$
A{V[aV H$moB gm_y{hH$ `m H$m_r bm^ mV Zht H$a gH$Vo & `{X
Xm'dVwb A_ra
109
Xm'dVwb A_ra
_wgb_mZ Aa~r ^mfm H$mo Or{dV aIVo Vmo `h ^mfm g_V ggma Ho$
bmoJm| H$mo EH$ Eogr gwT> lIbm _| ~mY XoVr Omo {H$gr ew Ho$ AmH$_U
go Z Qy>Q>Vr &
Cg g_` H$s EH$ gm_m{OH$ pW{V agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ Zo `h dUZ H$s h {H$ Cg g_` p`m {b~mg Ho$ ~mdOyX
ZZ hm|Jr 124 `h pW{V ^r Bg g_` Xmo H$ma go CnZ hmo ahr h &
EH$ Vmo Cm_ H$nS>m BVZm gVm hmo J`m h {H$ gm_m`V`m bmoJ dh
H$nS>m nhZ gH$Vo h Omo nhbo YZdmZ bmoJm| VH$ gr{_V Wm Ama H$nS>o
^r BVZo ~marH$ V`ma hmoZo bJ JE h {H$ CZ H$m {b~mg nhZZo go
EH$ dMm[aH$ gwXaVm Vmo em`X CnZ hmo OmVr hmoJr, naVw nXm
{ZM` hr Zht hmoVm Ama ggma H$m A{YH$me ^mJ Bg doe^yfm H$m
XrdmZm hmo ahm h VWm Bgo p`m| Ho$ {bE gwXaVm g_P ahm h &
Xgar pW{V `h h {H$ `yamon Ama A_arH$m H$r p`m| H$s doe-^yfm H$m
T>J Eogm h {H$ CZHo$ Hw$N> Nw>nmZo `mo` ^mJ ZZ ahVo h & CXmhaUV`m
gm_m` Vma na AnZr N>m{V`m ZZ aIVr h, Hw$h{Z`m| VH$ ~mh| ZZ
aIVr h & AV: {b~mg Ho$ ~mdOyX do ZZ hmoVr h & AV: Xmo H$ma
go Bg bjU H$m H$Q>Z hmo ahm h & _wgb_mZm| _| ~marH$ H$nS>o Ho$
`moJ go Ama BgmB`m| _| grZm, ga Ama ~mOwAm| H$mo ZZ aIZo go &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo ApV_ `wJ H$m EH$
bjU Omo _grh _mD$X Ho$ H$Q>Z H$m `wJ h `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$
p`m Cg g_` AnZo ga Ho$ ~mbm| H$mo D$Q> Ho$ H$mohmZ (D$Q> H$s nrR>
H$m D$Mm ^mJ) H$s ^m{V aI|Jr 125 AV: `yamon H$s p`m| H$m `hr T>J
h & do ga H$mo JyYZm ngX Zht H$aVr h VWm ~mbm| H$mo \w$bmH$a Bg
H$ma aIVr h {H$ `m| kmV hmoVm h {H$ Ogo ga na H$moB A` dVw
aIr h & A` Om{V`m ^r CZ Ho$ emgZ go ^m{dV hmoH$a CZ H$m
AZwgaU H$a ahr h Ama {Og H$ma bmoJ CZ Ho$ eof H$WZm| Ama H$m`m]
H$mo AmH$mer` dr go A{YH$ _hd H$s pQ> go XoIVo h, Bg ~mV _|
^r CZHo$ AZwH$aU _| g`Vm H$s CZ{V XoIVo h &
Cg `wJ H$m EH$ bjU hOaV BZo A~mg(a{O.) Zo agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go `h [adm`V {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` nZr
110
AnZo n{V Ho$ gmW {_bH$a `mnma H$aoJr 126 `h bjU ^r H$Q> hmo
MwH$m h A{nVw Bg H$m BVZm Omoa h {H$ p`m| Ho$ {~Zm `mnma g\$b
hr Zht g_Pm OmVm VWm Bggo ^r A{YH$ A~ `h pW{V CnZ hmo
ahr h {H$ `yamon Ho$ Hw$N> eham| _| XH$mZm| na Hw$N> gwXa p`m Ho$db
Bg Co` go aIr OmVr h {H$ do JmhH$m| go {_bH$a CZHo$ X`m| H$mo
bw^mZo H$m `mg {H$`m H$a| Vm{H$ do gmXm dht go Ad` arX| VWm
gmXm IarXo {~Zm Z bmQ> OmE &
Cg `wJ H$s gm_m{OH$ pW{V H$m EH$ bjU agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` p`m
BVZr dV hm|Jr {H$ do nwfm| H$s doe-^yfm YmaU H$a|Jr, KmoS>m| na
gdma hm|Jr 127 A{nVw nwfm| na emgZ H$a|Jr 128 dV_mZ g_` H$s
gm_m{OH$ pW{V _| `h n[adVZ ^r CnZ hmo MwH$m h VWm A_arH$m
Ama A` BgmB Xoem| _| VWm CZH$s XoIm XoIr A` Y_mdbp~`m| _| ^r
p`m| H$s dVVm H$m EH$ JbV AW {b`m OmZo bJm h {H$ gwZH$a
AmM` hmoVm h & CZ {dMmam| Ho$ ^md go g_mO H$s dV_mZ pW{V
nydH$mbrZ g_mO H$s pW{V go {~Hw$b n[ad{VV hmo JB h & p`m
A{YH$meV`m nwfm| Ho$ gmW {_bH$a KmoS>m| na gdma hmoH$a {eH$ma Ama
KwS>XmS>m| _| gp_{bV hmoVr h A{nVw gaH$g _| V_meo {XImVr h &
nwfm| H$s doe-^yfm YmaU H$aZo H$m [admO ^r _grhr Xoem| _| A`{YH$
h {deofV`m `wmonamV Vmo bmIm| p`m| Zo {~Hw$b nwfm| H$s doe-^yfm
YmaU H$aZm ma^ H$a {X`m h & {~a{Og Ama N>moQ>m H$moQ> ^r CZ _|
EH$ \$eZ H$m $n YmaU H$a J`m h &
p`m| H$mo nwfm| na Omo emgZ mV hmo MwH$m h dh ^r AnZo T>J
_| {d{M h & dmVd _| Bg ~mV _| `yamon H$s gm_m{OH$ pW{V VWm
CgHo$ ^md go A` Xoem| H$s gm_m{OH$ pW{V _| Eogm AVa Am J`m
h {H$ CgHo$ X^md `{X wXm VAmbm H$s H$nm go Xa Z hE Vmo CZHo$
Xa hmoZo H$m A` H$moB _mJ Zht, `m Vmo CZ H$m n[aUm_ `h {ZH$boJm
{H$ H$moB ^`H$a Cnd \y$Q>oJm `m {ddmh H$s Wm {~Hw$b ~X hmo
OmEJr Ama _mZd-de Ho$ CWmZ H$mo EH$ AghZr` AmKmV nhMoJm &
Cg `wJ H$s gm_m{OH$ pW{V H$m EH$ bjU agybo H$ar_
Xm'dVwb A_ra
111
Xm'dVwb A_ra
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` nwf
p`m| H$s ^m{V lJma H$a|Jo VWm CZH$m hr $n YmaU H$a|Jo 129 ò
n[adVZ ^r CnZ hmo MwHo$ h & ggma H$m A{YH$me ^mJ Xm{T>`m _wS>dm
H$a p`m| go g_$nVm YmaU H$a ahm h & {H$gr g_` XmT>r nwf H$s
gwXaVm g_Pr OmVr Wr Ama _wgb_mZm| Ho$ {bE Vmo agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m AZwgaU H$aVo hE EH$ Bbm_r AmMaU
Wm, dh A~ A{YH$me _wI_S>bm| go bwV hmo MwH$s h A{nVw Eogo bmoJ
^r {Oh| Bbm_r ggma _| A`{YH$ Ym{_H$ _hd {X`m OmVm h CgH$mo
_yT> XoZo _| hr AnZo _wI_S>bm| H$m gmX` XoIVo h &
Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ AVJV Xgam n[adVZ {WEQ>am| H$m ~mhw` h
{H$ CZ_| A{YH$me nwf p`m| H$m Ama p`m nwfm| H$m $n YmaU
H$aHo$ ZmQ>H$ H$aVo, JmVo Ama Z` H$aVo h & Bgr H$ma `yamon Ama
A_arH$m _| nwf {OVZm AnZo ga H$s g\$mB H$m `mZ aIVo h Ama
{Og H$ma CZHo$ lJma H$m `mZ aIVo h dh Bg `wJ H$s p`m| go Vmo
Zht naVw mMrZ-H$mb H$s p`m| go Ad` ~T>H$a h &
emar[aH$ AdWm
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ Ho$
bmoJm| H$s emar[aH$ Ama dm` H$s pW{V ^r dUZ H$a Xr h & AV:
"{Va{_Or' (hXrg H$s nwVH$) _| hOaV AZg(a{O.) go [adm`V h {H$
O~ XOmb H$Q> hmoJm Ama _XrZm H$s Amoa MboJm Vmo Cg g_` boJ
^r \$boJr Ama Abmh VAmbm boJ Ama XOmb XmoZm| go _XrZm H$s
gwajm H$aoJm& 130 `h pW{V ^r CnZ hmo MwH$s h & nMrg df go
ggma _| boJ BVZo ^`H$a doJ go AmH$_UH$mar h {H$ IwXm H$s eaU &
bmIm| Ka dramZ hmo JE, gH$S>m| H$~o Ama XohmV COS> JE, naVw
Abmh VAmbm Zo n{d WmZm| H$mo {H$gr ~S>o AmH$_U go {~Hw$b
gwa{jV aIm h Ama `j H$maU Bg H$m `h ~Vm {X`m h {H$ {^Z{^Z {XemAm| _| nedOZ (Quarantine)Wm{nV {H$E Om MwHo$ h
{OZ Ho$ _m`_ go CgHo$ {df H$mo Xa aIm OmVm h & boJ Ho$ gX^ _|
112
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo {d{^Z eXm| _| gyMZm Xr
h & Hw$N> WmZm| na Cgo Xm~VwbAO (ndr H$m H$sS>m) Ho$ eXm| go
Zm{_V {H$`m h,131 `m|{H$ `h amoJ EH$ H$sS>o go CnZ hmoVm h Omo
ndr go _Zw` Ho$ eara _| doe H$aVm h & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| ^r Bg
H$m `hr Zm_ h & `h boJ H$moB gmYmaU gH$m_H$ amoJ Zht h A{nVw
Bg gH$m_H$ amoJ Zo ggma Ho$ A{YH$me ^mJm| _| AnZr V~mhr H$m Omb
{~N>m {X`m h VWm {hXVmZ _| Vmo N>~rg df go A~ VH$ S>oam bJmE
hE h &
Bg Xm~h (H$sS>m) Ho$ {ZH$bZo H$s ^{d`dmUr _| Ho$db boJ H$s hr
gyMZm Zht h A{nVw Bg_| `h ^r gH$o V _mby_ hmoVm h {H$ Cg g_` Eogo
AZoH$ amoJ CnZ hmo OmEJo Omo gy_Xeu H$sS>m| mam \$b|Jo & h_ XoIVo h
{H$ Bg `wJ _| AZoH$ Eogo amoJ CnZ hmo JE h Omo gy_Xeu H$sQ>mUwAm| Ho$
mam \$bVo h Omo Bggo nyd `m Vmo Wo hr Zht `m Bg $n _| H$^r H$Q>
Zht hE Wo & Bg H $w AmZr Ama Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s
~VmB hB ^{d`dmUr _| dmVd _| gy_Xeu ` Ho$ Am{dH$ma Ama CgHo$
^md H$mo ^r H$Q> {H$`m J`m h `m|{H$ BgHo$ {~Zm ggma H$mo `m|H$a kmV
hmo gH$Vm Wm {H$ BZ amoJm| H$m H$maU EH$ Xm~h AWmV H$sS>m h & nhbo
Vmo bmoJ bo_m (H$\$), {nm, YmVw Ama aV na hr g~ amoJm| Ho$ H$maUm|
H$s lI
bm H$mo g_mV H$a XoVo Wo &
_grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ _| gm_m` dm` H$s pW{V Ho$ gX^ _|
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo Ama ^r bjU dUZ {H$E h
{OZ _| go EH$ `h h {H$ Cg g_` AH$_mV _`w (_aJo _\$mOmV)
H$Q> hmoJr 132 AWmV ~S>o ~mh` Ho$ gmW BgHo$ CXmhaU nmE OmEJo
A`Wm EH$ Xmo Vmo h_oem hmoVr hr ahVr h & AV: Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$
AZwgma Bg g_` _| AH$_mV _`w Ho$ CXmhaU ^r A{YH$Va nmE OmVo
h & CgH$m EH$ H$maU Vmo _{Xam H$s A{YH$Vm h VWm Xgam {ejm H$s
CZ{V & _{Xam go X` Ama _pVH$ H$_Omoa hmo OmVo h, A``Z H$s
A{YH$Vm Ama H$m` H$s A{YH$Vm go _mg-no{e`m| H$s epV H$_Omoa hmo
OmVr h & ò XmoZm| ~mV| Bg g_` AnZo O moa na h, {OgH$m n[aUm_ `h
{H$ _{XamnmZ H$aZo dmbr Om{V`m| _| AH$_mV _`w BVZr A`{YH$ h {H$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
113
Xm'dVwb A_ra
wXm H$s nZmh ! {V df ghm| bmoJ X` Ho$ amoJm| go IS>-o IS>o `m ~R>-o
~R>o `m boQ>-o boQ>o VwaV _a OmVo h {OZH$m CXmhaU mMrZ `wJm| _| CnbY
Zht h &
gm_m` dm` Ho$ gX^ _| EH$ `h ~mV ^r agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo dUZ H$s h {H$ Cg g_` ZmH$ go
g~{YV EH$ amoJ hmoJm {Og go ~S>o ~mh` Ho$ gmW bmoJ _a OmEJo& 133
`h amoJ ^r CnZ hmo MwH$m h {Ogo {M{H$gm H$s n[a^mfm _|
BbyEoOm H$hVo h & Bg amoJ go gZ 1918 B. _| g_V ggma _| Xmo
H$amoS> bmoJ _a JE & hmbm{H$ nMdfu` {d``w _| Ho$db gmR> bmI Ho$
bJ^J bmoJ _ao Wo & AWmV g_V {dd H$s OZg`m H$m S>oT> {VeV
^mJ Bg amoJ go ZQ> hmo J`m VWm ggma H$mo `h amoJ b` H$m {ddmg
XmZ H$a J`m, `m|{H$ bmoJm| Zo XoI {b`m {H$ `{X Abmh VAmbm Mmho
Vmo CgHo$ {bE ggma H$m AV H$a XoZm Hw$N> ^r H${R>Z Zht h &
gVmZ H$m AZwnmV

agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo Cg `wJ Ho$ gVmZ Ho$
AZwnmV H$s ^r $n-aoIm H$m {MU {H$`m h & AV: Amn \$a_mVo h
{H$ Cg `wJ _| p`m nwfm| go A{YH$ hmo OmEJr, `hm VH$ {H$ nMmg
p`m| H$m gajH$ EH$ nwf hmoJm& 134 `h ^{d`dmUr ^r nyar hmo
MwH$s h & Bg g_` ggma _| p`m A{YH$ h & `yamon Ho$ Hw$N> Xoem| _|
`w _| nwfm| Ho$ _mao OmZo Ho$ H$maU p`m| H$s g`m BVZr A{YH$ hmo
JB h {H$ do Om{V`m Omo Bbm_ na H$B p`m| go {ddmh H$aZo Ho$
_m_bo na Cnhmg {H$`m H$aVr Wt, A~ d` ~S>r J^raVm go Bg _m_bo
na {dMma H$a ahr h {H$ dV_mZ JS>~S>r H$m g_mYmZ H$B {ddmhm| Ho$
A{V[aV Ama `m hmo gH$Vm h & ~S>o-~S>o Xme{ZH$ Bg {df` na boI
{bI aho h {H$ Bg g_` gaH$mam| H$mo V~mhr go ~MmZo VWm gm_m{OH$
AZwemgZ H$mo Wm{nV aIZo Ho$ {bE `m Vmo EH$ go A{YH$ npZ`m| H$s
AZw_{V hmoZm Mm{hE `m `{^Mma H$mo `j Vma na {OVZm ~wam g_Pm
OmVm Wm Cg nX} H$mo ^r CR>m XoZm Mm{hE & Bg ~mV H$s Amoa
114
A{YH$me bmoJ dm (PwHo$ hE) h {H$ Eogo bmoJm| H$mo Omo EH$ go A{YH$
npZ`m H$aVo h AXmbVm| _| Zht KgrQ>Zm Mm{hE VWm CZHo$ Bg H$`
na nXm S>mbZm Mm{hE & `h {dMmam| _| n[adVZ p`m| H$s ~hbVm H$m
n[aUm_ h A`Wm Hw$N> hr g_` nyd `yamon Ho$ bmoJm| H$s pQ> _| H$B
p`m| go {ddmh H$aZm A`V Kmoa AnamYm| _| {JZm OmVm Wm VWm H$moB
BgmB BgH$m gmHo${VH$ g_WZ ^r Zht H$a gH$Vm Wm A{nVw CZH$s KUm
H$mo XoI H$a _wgb_mZ ^r Bbm_ H$s Amoa go H$B {ddmh H$s AZw_{V
XoZo na ~hmZo H$aZo bJ JE Wo &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
nana AVamQ>r` g~Y

agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ Ho$
gX^ _| Omo ^r dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` AVamQ>r` g~Y {H$g
H$ma Ho$ hm|Jo & Amn Zo gyMZm Xr h {H$ Cg g_` Eogo gmYZ {ZH$b
AmEJo {H$ bmoJ nwamZr gdm[a`m| H$mo `mJ X|Jo VWm ZB gdm[a`m| na gdma
hm|Jo & Wb Ama Ob na ZdrZ H$ma H$s gdm[a`m Mb|Jr & AV: Amn
(b`wVaH$Zb{H$bmgmo \ $bm
\ $a_mVo h
`wgAm Ab`hm) Cg `wJ _| gdmar H$s D$Q>{Z`m `mJ Xr OmEJr VWm
bmoJ CZH$s Amoa `mZ Zht X|Jo & AV: Bg g_` `hr hmo ahm h &
A{YH$me Xoem| _| aob H$s gdmar Ho$ H$maU nwamZr gdm[a`m ~oH$ma hmoVr
OmVr h & nhbo AHo$br aob Wr Vmo Xgar gS>H$m| na `mm H$aZo Ho$ {bE
bmoJ {\$a ^r D$Q> B`m{X Ho$ _whVmO hmoVo Wo, naVw O~ go _moQ>a JmS>r
{ZH$br h Cg g_` go Vmo KmoS >m| B`m{X H$s BVZr ^r Amd`H$Vm Zht
ahr VWm `m|-`m| BZ gdm[a`m| H$m CWmZ hmoJm nwamZr gdmar Ho$ OmZda
`V hmoVo Mbo OmEJo &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo Cg `wJ Ho$ gX^ _|
`h gyMZm ^r Xr Wr {H$ Cg g_` aobm| Ho$ A{V[aV ^mn go MbZo
dmbo OhmO ^r {ZH$b AmEJo & Ogm {H$ Amn dUZ H$aVo h - XOmb
H$m JYm nmZr na ^r MboJm Ama O~ dh MboJm Vmo CgHo$ AmJo Ama
nrN>o ~mXb hmoJm& 136 Bggo Amn H$m A{^m` aob VWm dmnM{bV
115
Xm'dVwb A_ra
OhmO hr h, `m|{H$ `hr JYm h Omo Wb Ama Ob na MbVm h &
Bggo H$br{g`m (BgmB`m|) Zo {OVZm H$m_ {b`m h A` {H$gr Om{V Zo
Zht {b`m & BgHo$ _m`_ go nmXar BOrb| ~Jb _| X~m H$a ggma Ho$
EH$ H$moZo go Xgao H$moZo VH$ nhM JE VWm g_V {dd H$mo AnZr
_H$mar Ho$ Omb _| \$mg {b`m h & aob Ama OhmO Ho$ H$^r AmJo,
H$^r nrN>o YwE H$m ~mXb hmoVm h Omo H$^r CgH$m gmW Zht N>moS>Vm
VWm BZ XmoZm| gdm[a`m| H$s IwamH$ ^r nWa h (AWmV nWa H$m
H$mo`bm) XOmb Ho$ JYo H$s Omo wamH$ (BYZ) hXrgm| _| dUZ hB h
CZ gdm[a`m| Zo AVamQ>r` g~Ym| H$s n{V hr {~Hw$b n[ad{VV H$a
Xr h &
Am{WH$ AdWm
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s
Am{WH$ pW{V H$s ^r $n-aoIm H$m {MU {H$`m h & hO\$m BZwb
`_mZ(a{O.) go A~y ZB_ Zo "h{b`m' _| [adm`V H$s h {H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \$a_m`m {H$ b` Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$
bjU `h h {H$ Cg g_` gmoZm (dU) A{YH$ hmo OmEJm Ama MmXr
bmoJm| H$m Co` hmo OmEJr 137 `h AdWm ^r A~ CnZ h & gmoZo
H$s BVZr ~hVmV h {H$ Bggo nyd BgH$m Xgdm ^mJ ^r Z Wm & gmoZo
Ama MmXr H$s gH$S>m| ZB XH$mZ| {ZH$b AmB h {\$a gmoZo Ama MmXr Ho$
{ZH$mbZo Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ gmYZ Am{dH$V {H$E JE h, {OZHo$ H$maU gmoZoMmXr H$r _mm ~hV A{YH$ hmo JB h, `{X Ho$db BbS> H$m hr gmoZm
{b`m OmE Vmo H$Xm{MV nydH$mbrZ `wJ Ho$ g_V {dd Ho$ gmoZo go
A{YH$ {ZH$bo & AV: BgH$m EH$ nQ> ^md `h kmV hmoVm h {H$ Bg
g_` `mnma {ZVmV CZ{V H$a J`m h VWm g_V `mnma gmoZo Ama
MmXr Ho$ gmW hmoVm h & nydH$mbrZ `wJm| _| H$`-{dH$` H$m{S>`m| Ama ngm|
na AmYm[aV Wm, naVw A~ BZ H$m{S>`m| H$mo H$moB nyN>Vm hr Zht VWm
Hw$N> Xoem| _| ngm| H$mo H$moB Zht OmZVm & Ogo BbS> _| {H$ dhm g~
go N>moQ>m M{bV {gH$m EH$ AmZo H$m {gH$m h VWm A_arH$m _| g~
116
go M{bV {gH$m Xmo ngo H$m h & CZ Xoem| _| A{YH$me H$m` Vmo gmoZo
Ho$ {gH$m| go hr hmoVo h &
Cg g_` H$s Am{WH$ pW{V agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Zo `h ~VmB h {H$ `mO ~hV ~T> OmEJm & AV: hOaV
Abr(a{O.) go Xb_r Zo [adm`V H$s h {H$ b` Ho$ {ZH$Q> hmoZo Ho$ bjUm|
_| go EH$ bjU `h h {H$ Cg g_` `mO H$m MbZ A`{YH$ hmo
OmEJm& 138 `h ~mV ^r CnZ hmo MwH$s h & Bg g_` `mO H$mo
{OVZr CZ{V mV h CgH$m bmIdm A{nVw H$amoS>dm ^mJ ^r nhbo
H$^r mV Zht hAm & WmoS>o-~hV H$mo AndmX g_P H$a g_V `mnma
`mO na MbVo h Ama H$hm OmVm h {H$ `{X `mO Z b| Vmo H$m` Mb
hr Zht gH$Vm & ~H$m| H$s dh ~hVmV h {H$ hOmam| H$s g`m go ^r
A{YH$ hmo JE h & gaH$ma| `mO boVr Ama XoVr h, `mnmar `mO boVo
Ama XoVo h, H$marJa `mO boVo Ama XoVo h, YZdmZ bmoJ `mO boVo
Ama XoVo h & AV: òH$ Om{V Ho$ bmoJ `mO na H$m_ Mbm aho h
A{nVw `m| H$hZm Mm{hE {H$ `h dh `wJ h {Og _| òH$ `pV Zo
U H$a {b`m h {H$ dh Xgao Ho$ n`m| go H$m_ MbmEJm VWm AnZm
n`m Xgam| H$mo H$m_ MbmZo Ho$ {bE XoJm & `{X EH$ H$amoS> H$m `mnma
hmo ahm h Vmo Cg_| em`X Hw$N> hOma n`m `mO Ho$ b` go ~mha
ahoJm, eof g~ H$m g~ `mO Ho$ MH$ _| Am`m hAm hmoJm & _wgb_mZ
{Oh| H$hm OmVm Wm {H$ `{X Vw_ `mO boZo go Zht H$Vo Vmo
(\$mOZy {~ha{~p_Zbmho) Abmh VAmbm go `w
H$aZo Ho$ {bE V`ma hmo OmAmo & CZH$m ^r `h hmb h {H$ A{YH$me Vmo
`mO H$m Zm_ bm^ aIH$a CgH$m Cn^moJ H$a aho h Ama Hw$N> AnZr
H$_Omoar H$m BH$ama H$aHo$ CgH$m bZ-XoZ H$a aho h & {dmZm| Zo ~S>r
{d{M `m`mE H$aHo$ ~H$m| Ho$ `mO H$s dYVm H$m \$dm Xo {X`m h
VWm `h H$h H$a {H$ H$m{\$am| Ho$ AYrZ Xoem| _| `mO boZm dY h &
{H$gr ^r H$ma Ho$ `mO _| ~mYm Zht ahZo Xr VWm ApV_ earAV Ho$
nMmV EH$ ZdrZ earAV ~ZmZo dmbo hmo JE h & BZ g_V
n[apW{V`m| go {d{XV hmoVm h {H$ `mO H$m AmH$_U Bg `wJ _| BVZm
^`H$a h {H$ CgH$m _wH$m~bm CZ bmoJm| Ho$ A{V[aV {H$ {OZ H$s ajm
Xm'dVwb A_ra
117
Xm'dVwb A_ra
wXm H$ao H$moB Zht H$a gH$Vm &

ApV_ `wJ H$s Am{WH$ pW{V H$s EH$ {deofVm agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ H$s h {H$ Cg g_` BgmB bmoJ
g_ hm|Jo Ama A` bmoJ {ZYZ hm|Jo & AV: "{Va{_Or' (hXrg H$s
nwVH$) Zo Zdmg {~Z g_AmZ(a{O.) H$s [adm`V go CXKV {H$`m h {H$
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \ $a_m`m h {H$ - XOmb
bmoJm| go H$hoJm {H$ _wPo drH$ma H$a bmo & Omo bmoJ CgH$m BZH$ma H$a|Jo
CZHo$ Ka H$m g_V _mb XOmb Ho$ gmW hr Mbm OmEJm Ama Omo Cg
na B_mZ bmEJo do Iy~ YZr hmo OmEJo & dh CZHo$ {bE AmH$me go dfm
H$admEJm Ama ndr go CJbdmEJm& 140 AV: `hr hmb A~ h & BgmB
Om{V`m {XZ-amV YZ-XmbV _| CZ{V H$a ahr h VWm CZH$s {damoYr
Om{V`m {XZ-{V{XZ {ZYZ hmoVr OmVr h & gm df go {ZaVa `hr
pW{V nXm hmo ahr h &
amOZ{VH$ AdWm
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s
amOZ{VH$ pW{V H$m Eogm {MU {H$`m h {H$ Cgo nT>H$a `h dV_mZ
`wJ d` gm_Zo Am OmVm h & {d{^Z amOZ{VH$ n[adVZ Omo _grh
_mD$X Ho$ `wJ _| CnZ hmoZo Amd`H$ h, CZ_| go Hw$N> ò h :(1) agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go hO\$m BZwb`_mZ
Zo [adm`V H$s h Ama A~y ZB_ Zo "h{b`m' _| Bgo dUZ {H$`m h {H$
Amn Zo \$a_m`m b` Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$ `h ^r h {H$ Cg g_`
_wgb_mZm| na BVZo H$Q> AmEJo {H$ do `h{X`m| Ho$ g_mZ hmo OmEJo 141
{Og go Amn (g.A.d.) H$m A{^m` `h h {H$ _wgb_mZm| Ho$ emgZ
Ama CZH$m ^wd OmVm ahoJm Ama `h{X`m| H$s ^m{V CZHo$ OrdZ H$m
Adb~Z Xgam| na hmoJm & `h bjU ^r nyU hmo MwH$m h & Bbm_r
emgZ g_mV hmo JE h Ama CZHo$ ~hV WmoS>o Adeof eof h & `m Vmo
ggma na Bbm_r PS>m hr bhamVm {XImB XoVm Wm `m A~ Cg PS>o H$mo
bhamZo Ho$ {bE H$moB WmZ Zht {_bVm & _wgb_mZ AnZr gaH$mam| H$mo
118
Wm{nV aIZo Ho$ {bE {H$gr Z {H$gr BgmB gaH$ma H$s ghm`Vm Ho$
_whVmO h &
(BZm {bbmho d BZm Bb`ho
am{OD$Z) &
EH$ amOZ{VH$ n[adVZ _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$m agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ `m_, BamH$ Ama
{_ Cg g_` Ho$ amOm Ho$ hmW go {ZH$b OmEJm VWm Aa~ Ho$ bmoJm|
H$s pW{V {\$a AamOH$Vm H$s hmo OmEJr & AV: "_wpb_' (hXrg H$s
nwVH$) _| A~y haam go [adm`V h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Zo \$a_m`m {H$ - BamH$ AnZo {Xah_ Ama AZmO amoH$ XoJm VWm
`m_ AnZo XrZma Ama AZmO H$mo amoH$ XoJm Ama {_ AnZo AZmO H$mo
amoH$ XoJm 142 Ama Vw_ nwZ: dgo Ho$ dgo hr hmo OmAmoJo Ogo {H$ nhbo Wo
AWmV Aa~ _| AamOH$Vm \$b OmEJr & `h bjU ^r nyam hmo J`m
h & BamH$, `m_ Ama {_ ~mXemh Ho$ A{YH$ma go {ZH$b JE h Ama
VwH$s H$s gaH$ma H$mo {H$gr H$ma H$m H$a Ama ghm`Vm Zht XoVo, Aa~
{\$a AamOH$Vm H$s pW{V _| hmo J`m h & `{n {hOmO _| EH$ emgZ
Wm{nV h, naVw A^r VH$ CgH$s pW{V ewAm| H$s A{YH$Vm VWm YZ
H$s H$_r Ho$ H$maU gwa{jV Zht h & BgHo$ A{V[aV Aa~ Ho$ A` jo
Vmo {~Hw$b A`dWm H$s pW{V _| h VWm dhm H$s gaH$ma| gwg`
gaH$ma| Zht h &
EH$ amOZ{VH$ n[adVZ Cg `wJ H$m AmnZo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$
Cg g_` "`mOyO' Ama "_mOyO' H$mo Eogr epV mV hmoJr {H$ A`
Om{V`m| H$mo CZgo _wH$m~bm H$aZo H$s {~Hw$b gm_` Z hmoJr & AV:
"_wpb_ Ama "{Va{_Or' _| Zdmg {~Z g_AmZ(a{O.) H$s [adm`V h {H$
_grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ _| Abmh VAmbm CZH$mo dr H$aoJm {H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
(BZr H$X AaVmo B~mXZ br bm `XmZo {bAh{XZ

{~{H$Vmbo{h_ \$h[aO B~mXr Bbmyao d `~Agwbmhmo `mOyOm d
_mOyOm) `h bjU ^r nyam hmo MwH$m h & `mOyO Ama _mOyO H$Q> hmo
119
Xm'dVwb A_ra
MwHo$ h VWm CZ go _wH$m~bm H$aZo H$s {H$gr _| epV Zht h & `mOyO
Ama _mOyO go A{^m` $g Ama AJoOm| H$s gaH$ma Ama CZH$s g`wV
gaH$ma| h & Ogm {H$ ~mB~b _| {bIm h {H$ "ho OyO $g Ama
Q>mo~mpgH$ Ho$ ~mXemh Ama _mOyO Omo rnm| _| empV go emgZ H$aVo
hmo' 144 ò XmoZm| H$m_| AnZo gh`mo{J`m| Ho$ gmW AnZo CWmZ na nhM
MwH$s h Ama CZ H$m CWmZ Ogm {H$ hXrgm| go {g h _grh _mD$X
Ho$ AmZo Ho$ nMmV {ZpMV Wm & AV: CZ H$m CWmZ d` _| ^r
{g H$a ahm h {H$ _grh _mD$X Am MwH$m h &
Bg `wJ H$s amOZ{VH$ pW{V _| EH$ n[adVZ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` _OXam|
H$s epV ~hV ~T> OmEJr Ogm {H$ hO\$m BZwb`_mZ H$s [adm`V _|
{Ogo A~y ZB_ Zo "h{b`m' _| ZH$b {H$`m h CboI h {H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo b` Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$ bjU `h ^r
dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` {ZYZ ZJo bmoJ ~mXemh hmo OmEJo& 145
ZJo go A{^m` `hm VwbZm Ho$ $n _| h & YZdmZm| Ho$ _wH$m~bo _|
{ZYZ bmoJ AnZo {b~mg H$s H$_r Ho$ H$maU ZJo hr H$hbmVo h & `h
bjU ^r nyam hmo MwH$m h & {V{Z{Yd dmbr gaH$ma H$s CZ{V Ho$
gmW-gmW {ZYZm| H$s gaH$ma ~T>Vr OmVr h Ama do ~mXemh ~Z aho
h & _OXa dJ H$s epV Ho$ AmJo ~mXemhm| Ho$ X` H$mn aho h VWm
H$moB dJ Mmho {H$VZm hr epVembr `m| Z hmo CZ go g{Y aIo {~Zm
AnZo Wm{`d H$mo Vao _| nmVm h VWm Hw$N> jom| _| Vmo Ch| nyU
emgZ mV h Ogo $g Ama pdQ>OabS> _| VWm AmQ>o{b`m Ho$ Hw$N>
^mJm| _| & `h dJ {XZ-{VXZ epVembr hmoVm Om ahm h &
_grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s amOZ{VH$ pW{V H$s EH$ {deofVm agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ H$s h {H$ Cg g_`
emgH$m| H$s â_ma hmoJr & hO\$m BZwb `_mZ dUZ H$aVo h {H$ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo \$a_m`m h {H$ b` Ho$ bjUm| _|
go EH$ `h ^r h {H$ Cg g_` "ewV' A{YH$ hmo OmEJo 146 "ewV'
Cmam{YH$mar Ama emgH$ Ho$ ghm`H$m| Ama ZmB~m| H$mo H$hVo h & `h
bjU ^r Bg g_` nyU hmo MwH$m h & nhbo Omo emgZ H$s `dWm
120
hmoVr Wr Cg_| emgZ H$mo BVZo ghm`H$m| H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht nS>Vr
Wr & òH$ jo _| EH$ `m Xmo emgH$ n`mV g_Po OmVo Wo naVw Bg
`wJ _| `dWm H$s n{V Bg H$ma n[ad{VV hmo JB h VWm gaH$ma Ho$
Xm{`d H$s BVZr emImE {ZH$b AmB h {H$ A\$gam| Ho$ {bE nhbo go
gH$S>m| JwZm A{YH$ ghm`H$ aIZo nS>Vo h & nw{bg Ama gm_m` dm`,
nOrH$aU, {Z_mU {d^mJ, S>mH$ {d^mJ, aob {d^mJ, gMma {d^mJ, Ob
{d^mJ, _mXH$ nXmWm] H$m {ZÙ Ama nS>Vmb B`m{X BVZo {demb hmo
JE h {H$ nhbo BVZo {demb Z Wo & Bg{bE gaH$ma H$mo òH$ emgH$
Ho$ gmW EH$ {demb H$_Mmar dJ aIZm nS>Vm h &
_grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s amOZr{V _| EH$ n[adVZ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo `h dUZ {H$`m h {H$ Cg g_` Ym{_H$
XS> `mJ {XE OmEJo& 147 hOaV Abr(a{O.) go Xb_r Zo [adm`V H$s h
{H$ ApV_ `wJ Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$ Ym{_H$ XS>m| H$m n[a`mJ ^r h &
(hOOwb{H$am_mh) `h bjU ^r nyam hmo MwH$m h & Bbm_r gaH$mam| _|
Bg g_` Ym{_H$ XS>m| H$mo `mJ {X`m J`m h & Bbm _memAbmh !
VwH$m] Ho$ emgZ _|, Aa~ _|, {_ _|, BamZ _| A{nVw d` Amn hr Ho$
Xoe _| `{^Mmar H$mo gJgma H$m, (nWam| mam _maZm) Ama Mmoa H$mo
hmW H$mQ>Zo H$m XS> Zht {X`m OmVm A{nVw Hw$N> Bbm_r gaH$ma| Vmo
g{dXmAm| (EoJr_oQ>) Ho$ mam BZ XS>m| H$mo H$m`mpdV H$aZo go amoH$ Xr
JB h & `h bjU Eogm nQ> h {H$ Bbm_r ^wd Ho$ `wJ _| Bg ~mV
H$mo H$moB gmoM ^r Zht gH$Vm Wm {H$ Bbm_r AmXoem| H$mo H$^r Bg
H$ma nrN>o S>mb {X`m OmEJm VWm Bbm_r gaH$ma| `{X Mmh|Jr ^r Vmo
Bbm_r XS>m| H$mo Omar Zht H$a gH|$Jr &
BZ bjUm| H$mo ~VmZo Ho$ A{V[aV {H$ Omo _Zw` Ho$ Ym{_H$ Z{VH$,
ej{UH$, emar[aH$, amOZ{VH$, mZXmZr Ama gm_m{OH$ B`m{X OrdZ Ho$
gmW g~Y aIVo h, agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh
_mD$X Ho$ `wJ Ho$ gX^ _| Hw$N> Eogo bjU ^r dUZ {H$E h Omo WmZr`
n[adVZm| go g~Y aIVo h & CXmhaUV`m Amn g.A.d. Zo Cg g_`
H$s nm{Wd Ama AmH$mer` n[apW{V`m| H$m ^r dUZ {H$`m h & {OZ _|
go Hw$N> _ `hm dUZ H$aVm h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
121
Xm'dVwb A_ra
ndr Ho$ n[adVZ :- ndr H$s AmV[aH$ pW{V Ho$ gX^ _|
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go hO\$m BZwb`_mZ(a{O.) Zo
Omo [adm`V dUZ H$s h {H$ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo
b` Ho$ bjUm| _| go A{YH$me dUZ H$aHo$ \$a_m`m {H$ O~ ò bjU
nyao hmo OmE Vmo Vw_ Hw$N> {dn{m`m| H$s Vrjm H$amo & {OZ _| go EH$
Amn Zo "g\$' ~`mZ H$s& 148 "g\$' Ogm {H$ ^m{VH$ {dkmZ go
{g h {H$ ^yH$n Ho$ H$maU hmoVm h & AV: agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$m "\$' go A{^m` ^yH$nm| go h & `h ndr Ho$
AXa H$m n[adVZ ^r {OgHo$ H$maU A`{YH$ ^yH$n AmE CnZ hmo
MwH$m h VWm {nN>bo ~rg df go ggma _| BVZo ^yH$n AmE h {H$
CZgo nyd VrZ gm df _| ^r BVZo ^yH$n Zht AmE Wo VWm BZ dfm]
_| ^yH$nm| mam BVZr _mV| hB h {H$ {nN>br H$B eVmpX`m| _| ^r
^yH$nm| go BVZr _mV| Zht hB &
AmH$mer` bjU :- agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo
ndr Ho$ n[adVZm| Ho$ A{V[aV _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s Hw$N> AmH$mer`
n[apW{V`m ^r dUZ H$s h & CXmhaUV`m `h {H$ Cg g_` gy` Ama
M_m H$mo a_OmZ Ho$ _hrZo _| {deof {V{W`m| _| JhU bJoJm VWm Bg
bjU na BVZm ~b {X`m J`m h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Zo \$a_m`m {H$ O~ go ndr Ama AmH$me CnZ hE ò XmoZm|
bjU {H$gr A` Z~r Ho$ g`mnZ hoVw H$Q> Zht hE & hXrg Ho$ eX
`h h :-
(BZm {b_h{XòZm Am`V`Zo b_ VHy$Zm _wOmo pH$g_mdmVo

dbAO} `ZH${g\w$bH$_amo {bAdbo b`b{VZ {_Z a_OmZ d
VZH${g\w$e_gmo {\$pZ\o$ {_hmo d b_ VHy$Zm _wOmo
bH$bmhg_mdmVo dbAOm) AWmV _wh_X {~Z Abr(a{O.) Zo
[adm`V H$s h {H$ h_mao _hXr Ho$ Xmo {ZemZ h & ò {ZemZ YaVr Ama
122
AmH$me H$s gpQ> go boH$a AmO VH$ H$^r H$Q> Zht hE & EH$ Vmo `h
{H$ M_m H$mo a_OmZ H$s nhbr amV _| JhU bJoJm Ama Xgam `h {H$
gy` H$mo Cgr a_OmZ H$s _` H$s {V{W _| JhU bJoJm & ò XmoZm| ~mV|
YaVr Ama AmH$me H$s gpQ> Ho$ g_` go Zht hB & ò {ZemZ AnZo
AXa H$B {deofVmE aIVm h & EH$ Vmo `h {H$ Bg_| dUZ {H$`m J`m
h {H$ _hXr Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr XmdoXma Ho$ {bE `h {ZemZ H$^r H$Q>
Zht hAm & Xgao `h {H$ Bg {ZemZ na gwpZ`m| Ama [e`m| H$s {H$Vm~m|
H$s gh_{V h, `m|{H$ XmoZm| H$s hXrg H$s {H$Vm~m| _| BgH$s MMm h &
AV: Bg_| {H$gr MH$_m XoZo H$m gXoh Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm & Vrgar
{deofVm Bg {ZemZ _| `h h {H$ Omo bjU Bg _| ~VmE JE h nhbr
{H$Vm~m| _| ^r Bht bjUm| Ho$ gmW _grh Ho$ nwZamJ_Z H$s gyMZm Xr
JB h & AV: BOrb _| AmVm h {H$ _grh Ab{hgbm_ Zo AnZo
AmJ_Z Ho$ {ZemZm| _| go EH$ `h {ZemZ ^r ~Vm`m h {H$ Cg g_`
gy` AYH$ma_` hmo OmEJm Ama M_m AnZm H$me Z XoJm & 150
{OgH$m AW Xgao eXm| _| `h h {H$ gy` Ama M_m H$mo CgHo$ g_`
_| JhU bJoJm & `{n {H$ _ CZ ^{d`dm{U`m| H$m dUZ H$a ahm h
{OZ H$s MMm hXrgm| _| AmVr h, naVw _ Bg WmZ na Bg ~mV H$m
CboI H$aZm AZw{MV Zht g_PVm {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| b` Ho$ {ZH$Q>
AmZo Ho$ bjUm| _| go EH$ bjU gy` Ama M_m Ho$ JhU H$m dUZ
{H$`m J`m h & gyah "{H$`m_V' _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(Àbmo A`mZm `m_wb{H$`m_: \$BOm ~[aH$b~gamo d

g\$bH$_amo d Ow{_Aegmo db H$_amo) (BH$ma H$aZo dmbm)
nyN>Vm h {H$ b` H$m {XZ H$~ h ? h_ CgHo$ bjU ~VmVo h & do
V~ hm|Jo O~ AmI| {dp_V ah OmEJr AWmV Eogr KQ>ZmE hm|Jr {H$
_Zw` H$mo {dp_V H$a X|Jr & M_m H$mo JhU bJoJm Ama {\$a gy`
Ama M_m H$mo BH$>m H$a {X`m OmEJm & AWmV Cgr _mh _| M
JhU Ho$ CnamV gy`-JhU hmoJm & My{H$ _grh H$m AmJ_Z ^r b` Ho$
123
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{ZH$Q> Ho$ g_` _| ~Vm`m J`m h, Bg{bE Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go ^r hXrg Ho$
Cn`wV dUZ H$m g`mnZ hmoVm h &
AV: Ogm {H$ D$na ~Vm`m J`m h `h ^{d`dmUr {deof _hd
aIVr h Ama h_ XoIVo h {H$ gZ 1311 {hOr AZwgma gZ 1894 B. _|
`h ^{d`dmUr {~Hw$b Cht eXm| _| nyar hmo JB h {OZ eXm| _|
hXrgm| _| Cgo dUZ {H$`m J`m Wm, AWmV Cgr df Ho$ a_OmZ Ho$ _hrZo
_| M JhU H$s {V{W`m| _| go nhbr AWmV Voahdt {V{W H$mo M
JhU bJm VWm gy` JhU H$s {V{W`m| _| go _` H$s AWmV AR>mBgdt
{V{W H$mo gy`-JhU bJm Ama EH$ Eogo `pV Ho$ g_` _| bJm Omo
_hXr hmoZo H$m Xmdm H$a ahm Wm &
AV: òH$ _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbo Ho$ {bE Xmo _mJm] _| go EH$ H$m
YmaU H$aZm A{Zdm` hmo J`m & `m Vmo dh Bg Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ H$WZ na B_mZ bmE, {Og _| dUZ {H$`m J`m h
{H$ `h {ZemZ {H$ CgHo$ g_` _| M Ama gy` H$mo JhU bJZo H$s
nhbr Ama _` H$s {V{W`m| _| JhU bJoJm, _hXr Ho$ A{V[aV A`
{H$gr Ho$ {bE H$Q> Zht {H$`m J`m, {OgH$m g_WZ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ VWm
nydH$mbrZ Z{~`m| H$s {H$Vm~m| go ^r hmoVm h Ama Cg `pV H$mo
drH$ma H$a| {OgHo$ _hXr hmoZo Ho$ Xmdo Ho$ nMmV Abmh VAmbm Zo `h
{ZemZ H$Q> {H$`m `m {\$a wXm Ama CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$mo N>moS> Xo {H$ Chm|Zo _hXr H$m EH$ Eogm bjU ~Vm`m Omo
dmVd _| H$moB bjU hr Zht Wm Ama {Og go {H$gr XmdoXma Ho$ Xmdo
H$s gMmB {g H$aZm ~w{_mm Ho$ {d h &
Hw$N> bmoJ `h Eo{VamO {H$`m H$aVo h {H$ ^{d`dmUr _| M_m H$mo
nhbr {V{W Ama gy` H$mo _` {V{W _| JhU bJZo H$s gyMZm Xr JB
h, naVw {Og JhU H$s Vw_ MMm H$aVo hmo dh Voahdt Ama AR>mBgdt
{V{W H$mo hAm h, naVw `h Amamon EH$ WmoS>o go {dMma go A`V JbV
VWm hXrg go eXm| Ho$ {d kmV hmoVm h & ò bmoJ Bg ~mV H$mo Zht
XoIVo {H$ M_m Ama gy` H$mo {deof {V{W`m| _| JhU bJm H$aVm h
Ama Bg {Z`_ _| AVa Zht Am gH$Vm, O~ VH$ {H$ gnyU gpQ> H$mo
AV-`V Z H$a {X`m OmE & AVEd `{X do AW C{MV h Omo ò
124
bmoJ H$aVo h Vmo `h {ZemZ b` H$m bjU Vmo hmo gH$Vm h
b` H$s {ZH$Q>Vm Ama _hXr H$m bjU Zht hmo gH$Vm &
BgHo$ A{V[aV ò bmoJ nhbr Ama _` H$s Ho$ eXm| H$mo Vmo
h naVw "H$_a' (M) H$mo Zht XoIVo & nhbr {V{W H$m M_m
^mfm _| "{hbmb' H$hbmVm h & "H$_a' Vmo MmWr {V{W go Ama^
h & eXH$mof _| {bIm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
naVw
XoIVo
Aa~r
hmoVm
(d hdm H$_Z ~mXm gbmgo b`m{bZ Bbm Am{[aehao d

A_m H$bm Om{bH$m \$hdm {hbmbwZ) AWmV M VrZ amVm| Ho$
nMmV "H$_a' ~ZVm h Ama _hrZo Ho$ AV VH$ "H$_a' ahVm h naVw
nhbr VrZ amVm| _| dh "{hbmb' hmoVm h & AV: hXrg _| "H$_a' H$m
eX `moJ hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX VWm Bg H${V Ho$ {Z`_ Ho$ ~mdOyX M_m
H$mo Voah, MmXh, nh H$mo JhU bJVm h Z {H$ nhbr {V{W H$mo &
nhbr {V{W go _hrZo H$s nhbr {V{W g_PZm ~w{-gJV Ama `m`
gJV Zht h VWm CgH$m Co` BgHo$ A{V[aV Hw$N> kmV Zht hmoVm {H$
Abmh Ama CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s dmUr Ag`
hmo Ama AmH$me go AmZo dmbo na bmoJ B_mZ Z bmE &
ò do bjU h Omo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo
_grh _mD$X Ho$ gX^ _| dUZ {H$E h & `{n BZ_| go Hw$N> H$mo
nWH$-nWH$ H$aHo$ ^r b| Vmo _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$m h VWm CgHo$
{bE {ZemZ h naVw dmVd _| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
H$m BZ bjUm| Ho$ dUZ H$aZo go _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s n[apW{V`m|
H$mo gm_y{hH$ Vma na bmoJm| Ho$ g_j Bg $n _| bmZm Wm {H$ {H$gr Ho$
{bE gXoh H$m WmZ Z aho & {ZgXoh boJ nydH$mbrZ `wJm| _| ^r hmoVr
ahr h VWm Bg _| ^r H$moB gXoh Zht {H$ ^yH$n nhbo ^r AmVo aho
h, Bg_| ^r H$moB gXoh Zht {H$ OwE H$m MbZ nhbo ^r ~hV ahm
h, Bg_| ^r H$moB gXoh Zht {H$ Z{VH$Vm bmoJm| H$s nhbo ^r {~JS>Vr
ahr h, BgmB`m| H$m ^r EH$ `wJ _| {dd Ho$ A{YH$me ^y ^mJm| na
Am{Yn` ah MwH$m h naVw Z `h h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Zo _grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ H$s Omo ò g_V n[apW{V`m
125
Xm'dVwb A_ra
~VmB h H$^r {H$gr g_` ggma _| BH$>r ^r hB h `m CZH$m {H$gr
A` `wJ _| EH$ hmoZm g^d ^r h ? Bg Z H$m EH$ hr Cma dh
`h h {H$ Zht H$Xm{n Zht & `{X EH$ `pV H$mo {Ogo Bg `wJ H$s
pW{V H$m kmZ Z hmo, W_ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
H$s gyMZmAm| go AdJV H$am`m OmE {\$a Cgo {dd-B{Vhmg H$s nwVH|$
Xo Xr OmE {H$ BZH$m A``Z H$aHo$ ~VmAmo {H$ _grh _mD$X Ho$ H$Q>
hmoZo H$m H$mZ gm g_` h & Vmo AmX_ Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ `wJ go ma^
H$aHo$ Bg `wJ Ho$ ma^ VH$ {H$gr EH$ `wJ H$mo ^r _grh _mD$X H$m `wJ
Zht R>hamEJm, naVw `m| hr dh Bg g_` H$s npW{V`m| H$m A``Z
H$aoJm, ghgm ~mob nS>oJm {H$ `{X _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ Zo Omo Hw$N> H$hm Wm Vmo _grh _mD$X Ho$ H$Q> hmoZo H$m `hr
g_` h `m|{H$ dh EH$ Amoa Y_ go bmnadmhr H$mo XoIoJm Vmo Xgar Amoa
gmgm[aH$ {dkmZm| H$s CZ{V H$mo XoIoJm, _wgb_mZm| H$s gaH$mam| H$mo
^wd Ho$ nMmV H$_Omoa nmEJm, BgmB`V H$mo nVZ Ho$ nMmV CWmZ
H$s Amoa AJga XoIoJm, BgmB`V Ho$ AZw`m{``m| H$mo g_V XmbV na
A{YH$ma naVw CZHo$ {damo{Y`m| H$mo {ZYZ nmEJm, {M{H$gm Ama {dkmZ
H$s CZ{V Ho$ ~mdOyX boJ Ama B\$byEoOm H$s dramZ H$a XoZo dmbr
V~mhr H$m {M CgH$s AmIm| Ho$ gm_Zo AmEJm, Cg `wJ _| amo{J`m| H$mo
H$sQ>mUwAm| go g~ H$aZo H$m hmb Cgo kmV hmoJm, bmoJm| H$mo ar{V[admOm| Ama ZdrZ Hw$ar{V`m| _| J{gV nmEJm, aob Ama dmnepV go
MbZo dmbo OhmOm| Ho$ g_mMmam| H$mo nT>oJm, ~H$m| H$s A{YH$Vm Ho$ {MU
H$mo XoIoJm, ^yH$nm| H$s ~hbVm H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aoJm, `mOyO Ama _mOyO
H$s gaH$ma H$m MbZ nmEJm, AmH$me na M Ama gy` JhU CgH$s
AmIm| H$mo ImoboJm, ndr na YZ H$s A{YH$Vm, _OXam| H$s `h CZ{V
CgHo$ `mZ H$mo AnZr Amoa AmH${fV H$a|Jr & AV: Cg `wJ Ho$ B{Vhmg
VWm Cg eVmXr H$s KQ>ZmAm| H$m EH$-EH$ nZm CgH$mo Bg ~mV H$s
Amoa `mZ {XbmEJm {H$ `hr g_` _grh _mD$X H$m h & dh EH$-EH$
dVw na pQ> Zht S>mboJm A{nVw gm_y{hH$ Vma na g_V {ZemZm| na
{dMma H$aoJm Vmo CgHo$ hmW H$mn OmEJo Ama CgH$m X` YS>H$Zo bJoJm
VWm dh ghgm {H$Vm~ H$mo ~X H$a XoJm Ama H$h CR>oJm {H$ _oam H$m`
126
g_mV hmo J`m, AmJo nT>Zm `W h & _grh _mD$X `m Vmo Bgr `wJ _|
Am`m h `m {\$a dh H$^r Zht AmEJm &*
Xm'dVwb A_ra
* _ `hm EH$ Amamon H$m dUZ H$a XoZm ^r Amd`H$ g_PVm h {Ogo {damoYr
AnZo {dMma _| EH$ R>mog Amamon g_PVm h Ama dh `h h {H$ _grh
_mD$X Ho$ AmJ_Z go nyd XOmb Ho$ AmZo H$s gyMZm Xr JB h & dh My{H$
A~ VH$ Zht Am`m Bg{bE _grh _mD$X Zht Am gH$Vm & `{X XOmb H$s
gyMZm EH$ ^{d`dmUr Z hmoVr Vmo `h Amamon Hw$N> _hd ^r aIVm, naVw
`h XoIVo hE {H$ XOmb H$m AmJ_Z ~Vma ^{d`dmUr h VWm
^{d`dm{U`m| Ho$ AW H$mn{ZH$ hmoVo h, Bg Amamon H$m Hw$N> ^r _hd eof
Zht ahVm & EH$ _wgb_mZ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| (degm dbH$_am aA`Vmoh_ br gm{OXrZ) nT>Vo hE Ama
(BZr Aam {\$_Zm_o AZr A~hmoH$m) H$s
{VbmdV (D$Mo da _| nT>Zm) H$aVo hE {\$a EH$ AgmYmaU H$ma Ho$
XOmb H$s ImoO _| bJm aho Vmo Bg ~mV na Ad` IoX h &
IoX h {H$ XOmb H$s ^{d`dmUr H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {bE A` hXrgm| Ama
Abmh H$s gwZV ({Z`_) na {~Hw$b {dMma Zht {H$`m J`m, O~{H$ `h
~mV hXrgm| go {g h {H$ _grh _mD$X Ho$ AmZo go nyd XOmb {ZH$boJm
Ama `h ^r {H$ Cg g_` BgmB`V H$m ^r ~hV Omoa hmoJm & Vmo `m
Bggo `h n[aUm_ Zht {ZH$bVm {H$ XOmb go A{^m` BgmB`V hr h &
My{H$ EH$ hr g_` _| XOmb Ama BgmB`V ggma na {H$g H$ma {dO`r
hmo gH$Vo h & XmoZm| H$s EH$ hr g_` _| ggma na {dO` ~VmVr h {H$
dmVd _| EH$ hr dVw Ho$ Xmo Zm_ h & EH$ A` ~mV go ^r {d{XV hmoVm
h {H$ XOmb Ama BgmB`V H$m Cnd EH$ hr dVw h Ama dh `h h {H$
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo XOmb Ho$ Cnd go gwa{jV
ahZo H$m Cnm` gyah "H$h\$' H$s ma{^H$ Am`Vm| H$mo nT>Zm ~Vm`m h Ama
gyah "H$h\$' H$s ma{^H$ Xg Am`Vm| _| BgmB`V H$m IS>Z h & AV:
(d `wpOabOrZm
\$a_mVm h H$mbwmObmhmo dbXZ) AWmV Abmh VAmbm Zo `h {H$Vm~ Bg{bE
CVmar h Vm{H$ CgHo$ mam CZ bmoJm| H$mo S>am`m OmE Omo H$hVo h {H$
Abmh VAmbm Zo EH$ ~oQ>m ~Zm {b`m & AV: {g hAm {H$ XOmb H$m
Cnd VWm BgmB`V H$m Cnd EH$ hr dVw h, `m|{H$ CnMma amoJ Ho$
AZwgma hmoVm h & `{X XOmbr Cnd BgmB`m| Ho$ Cnd go nWH$ hmoVm Vmo
g^d Z Wm {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ogm CnMmaH$
127
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Vrgam g~yV
Zgo Zm{VH$m (_mZd _Zmod{m)
gy` Ho$ ApVd Ho$ {bE gy` H$m AmJ_Z hr _mU h
Bg ~mV H$mo {g H$aZo Ho$ nMmV {H$ g_` nwH$ma-nwH$ma H$a Bg
g_` EH$ gwYmaH$ H$s _mJ H$a ahm h Ama `h {H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gm` go {g hmoVm h {H$ Bg g_`
H$m gwYmaH$ _grh _mD$X Ama _hXr-E-_gD$X Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB A`
Zht VWm `h {H$ My{H$ _grh _mD$X hmoZo Ho$ XmdoXma Ho$db {gb{gbm
Ah_{X`m Ho$ gWmnH$ h Bg{bE CZHo$ Xmdo H$m IS>Z H$aZm _mZmo wXm
eof hm{e`m :- _Zw` Cg go ~MZo Ho$ {bE BZ Am`Vm| H$m AmXoe XoVm,
{OZ_| XOmb H$s Vmo MMm VH$ Zht, hm BgmB`V H$m IS>Z dUZ {H$`m
J`m h & Amn H$m BZ Am`Vm| H$mo XOmb Ho$ Cnd go ~MZo Ho$ {bE
{VbmdV H$aZo H$m AmXoe XoZm {g H$aVm h {H$ Amn H$s pQ> _| XOmb
go A{^m` BgmB`V H$m Mma H$aZo dmbo bmoJ Wo &
dmVd _| XOmb Ho$ nhMmZZo _| bmoJm| H$mo g~go ~S>r R>moH$a `h bJr h
{H$ do Cgo EH$ `pV g_PVo aho h O~{H$ dh EH$ `pV Zht h &
eXH$mof _| XOmb Ho$ AW ò {bIo h -
(Am {_ZOmbo {~meXrXo {b[aH${Vb AOr_Vo VwJ{mb AOm {~H$gaVo

Ah{bhm d H$sbm {h`[aH$Vmo Vh{_bwb _VmAm {b{mOmah)
(AOmbmo A[aH$Vwb AOr_h) AWmV XOmb
EH$ ~hV ~S>o g_wXm` H$mo H$hVo h Omo ndr H$mo AnZr ~hbVm go T>H$
Xo & Hw$N> bmoJ BgH$m `h AW H$aVo h {H$ `h Eogo gXm` H$m Zm_ h Omo
ggma _| `mnma H$m gm_mZ {bE {\$ao, Ama `h n[a^mfm BgmB`V Ho$
MmaH$m| na nyU $n go M[aVmW hmoVr h & do AnZr Ym{_H$ {H$Vm~m| Ho$
`mnma Ho$ A{V[aV AnZo {_eZ H$s g\$bVm Ho$ {bE òH$ H$ma Ho$
gmYZ VWm gm_mZ Omo bmoJm| Ho$ _ZmoaOZ H$m H$maU hm| gmW aIVo h VWm
{_eZ Ho$ H$m_ Ho$ gmW-gmW H$B H$ma Ho$ `mnma {H$`m H$aVo h VWm
XOmb Ho$ Bgr H$ma Ho$ AW {bIo h (Ab_w_pdhmo)
128
VAmbm H$s gwZV H$m {_`m hmoZm VWm agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ Ho$ H$WZm| H$m An_mZ h & A~ _ AmnHo$ gm_Zo CZ g~yVm|
H$mo VwV H$aVm h {OZ go `h {g hmoVm h {H$ {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X
Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ AnZo Xmdo _| gMo Wo VWm wXm H$s Amoa go
Am{XQ> Ama ôOo hE Wo & CZ g~yVm| _| go gdW_ _ Zgo Zm{VH$m
(_mZdr` Am_m) Ho$ g~yV H$mo VwV H$aVm h &
`hm Zgo Zm{VH$m go _oam A{^m` dh Zht Omo nydH$mbrZ nwVH$m|
Xm'dVwb A_ra
eof hm{e`m :- AWmV nmIS>r & BgmB nmX[a`m| go A{YH$ H$mZ nmIS>r hmoJm
Omo EH$ _Zw` H$mo bmoJm| Ho$ g_j Eogo $n _| VwV H$aVo h {H$ dh
bmoJm| H$s pQ> _| wXm {XImB XoZo bJVm h eof aht ò ~mV| {H$ XOmb
H$mZm hmoJm VWm CgH$m EH$ JYm hmoJm Omo {dembH$m` hmoJm VWm CgHo$ AmJo
nrN>o YwE H$m ~mXb MboJm & AVEd ò g_V ~mV| `m`m `mo` h,
XOmb Ho$ H$mZo hmoZo go A{^m` CgH$s Am`mp_H$ H$_Omoar h `m|{H$ amo`m
(EH$ H$ma H$m dZ) _| Xm`t Amoa h_oem Y_ Ama _Jb H$mo {g H$aVm
h & AV: XOmb Ho$ Xm`t AmI go H$mZo hmoZo H$m A{^m` `h h {H$ dh
Am`mp_H$Vm go {~Hw$b [aV hmoJm & CgHo$ JYo go A{^m` `h aob h Omo
BgmB Xoem| _| Am{dH$V hB, CgH$s Mmb ^r JYo Ho$ g_mZ h VWm `h
ApZ Ama Ob go MbVr h Ama CgHo$ AmJo-nrN>o YwE Ho$ ~mXb hmoVo h
VWm BgmB nmXar Bggo bm^ CR>mH$a g_V ggma _| \$b JE h &
`h Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm {H$ ò Vmo H$mn{ZH$ AW h `m|{H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gm` go {g h {H$ XOmb Ho$ g~Y _|
Omo gyMZmE h do `m`m-`mo` h & AV: hXrg _| AmVm h {H$ EH$ {XZ
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ BZo g`mX H$mo XoIZo JE {OgHo$
g~Y _| {d{M gyMZmE {g Wt & AmnZo Cg go Omo ~mV| H$s CZ go
kmV hAm {H$ CgH$mo Hw$N>-Hw$N> eVmZr "BH$m' hmoVo h, Bg na hOaV
C_a a{O. Zo Vbdma ItM br Ama gmJY ImH$a H$hm {H$ `hr XOmb h
VWm CgH$s dY H$aZm Mmhm, naVw agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Zo Ch| amoH$m Ama \$a_m`m `{X `h XOmb Zht Vmo BgH$m dY H$aZm
C{MV Zht Ama `{X `h XOmb h Vmo BgH$m _maZm _grh Ho$ {bE
{ZpMV h Vy Cgo Zhr _ma gH$Vm& 159 Bg hXrg go kmV hmoVm h {H$
XOmb Ho$ g~Y _| {OVZo g_mMma h do `m`m-`mo` h `m|{H$ hOaV
C_a a{O. Zo O~ BZo g`mX H$mo XOmb R>ham`m Vmo agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo CZ H$mo _Zm Zht {H$`m `m|{H$ AmnZo d`
129
Xm'dVwb A_ra
_| {b`m OmVm h A{nVw Zgo Zm{VH$m go A{^m` dh Zg h {Ogo
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Zo AnZr gMmB H$m d` g~yV R>ham`m h &
gyah `yZwg _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h -
(d BOm VwVbm Ab`{h_ Am`mVwZm ~p`Zm{VZ - H$mbbOrZm

bm àOyZm {bH$mAZAVo {~Hw$aAm{ZZ Jao hmOm Am ~{bhmo - Hw$b
_m `Hy$Zmo br AZ C~{bh {_Z {VbH$mE Zgr - BZ Am{~Amo
Bbm _m `yhm Bb`m - BZr Am\$mo BZ Ag`Vmo a~r AOm~m
`m{_Z AOr_ - Hw$b bm emAbmhmo _m VbmVmoh AbHw$_ d bm
AXamHw$_ {~hr - \$H$X b{~Vmo \$sHw$_ C_wap_Z H$pbhr eof hm{e`m :- XOmb Ho$ ò bjU ~VmE Wo {H$ CgHo$ bbmQ> na H$m{\$a
{bIm hAm hmoJm 160 Ama `h {H$ dh H$mZm hmoJm 161 Ama `h {H$ dh
_XrZm _| Zht Am gHo$Jm& 162 ò VrZm| ~mV| BZo g`mX _| Zht nmB OmVr
Wt & dh H$mZm Z Wm, CgHo$ bbmQ> na H$m{\$a {bIm hAm Xgao _mo{_Zm|
H$mo Vmo AbJ ahm d` agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo ^r
{XImB Zht {X`m Ama dh _XrZm _| _mOyX Wm & `{X XOmb Ho$ gX^ _|
{OVZo ^r g_mMma Wo do AnZo `j $n _| nyU hmoZo dmbo Wo, Vmo agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo BZo g`mX Ho$ _m_bo _| `m| Ag_Og
H$Q> {H$`m Ama Zht ~Vm`m {H$ VyZo gwZm Zht _ H$h MwH$m h {H$ XOmb
H$mZm hmoJm, CgHo$ bbmQ> na H$m{\$a {bIm hmoJm, dh _XrZm _| doe Zht
H$a gHo$Jm & `m Amn H$m hOaV C_a a{O. Ho$ H$WZ H$m IS>Z Z H$aZm
A{nVw Ag_Og H$m H$Q> H$aZm ~VmVm Zht {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Bg ~mV H$mo C{MV g_PVo Wo {H$ XOmb Ho$ g~Y _|
Omo ~mV| ~VmB JB h do _yb eXm| _| nyU Z hm| A{nVw {H$gr A` $n _|
nyU hmo OmE Ama `{X agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ XOmb go
g~{YV ~am| H$mo `m`m-`mo` g_PVo Wo Vmo {H$gr A` H$m `m A{YH$ma
h {H$ dh KQ>ZmAm| go {d_wI hmo H$a eXm| H$mo nH$S> H$a ~R> OmE VWm
CZHo$ AWm] Ama Co`m| na {dMma Z H$ao & (Bgr go)
130
A\$bm Vm'{H$byZ) Ama O~ CZ Ho$ gm_Zo h_mao nQ> Ama Iwbo-Iwbo
AmXoe nT>o OmVo h Vmo b` Ho$ BH$mar bmoJ H$hVo h {H$ `m Vmo BgHo$
A{V[aV H$moB A` Hw$AmZ bo Am AWdm Bg _| go Eo{VamO `mo` ^mJ
H$mo n[ad{VV H$a Xo & Vy H$h Xo {H$ _wPo `m A{YH$ma h {H$ _ AnZr
Amoa go Bg H$bm_ (dmUr) H$mo n[ad{VV H$a X & _ Vmo Ho$db Cg
dr H$m AZwgaU H$aVm h Omo _wP na CVmar OmVr h & _ S>aVm h
{H$ `{X _ Adkm H$$ Vmo _ Cg _hmZ {XZ Ho$ ^`H$a H$mon _| JV
hmo OmD$Jm & Vy H$h Xo {H$ `{X Abmh VAmbm MmhVm Vmo _ `h
H$bm_ Vwhmao gm_Zo VwV Z H$aVm A{nVw CgHo$ g~Y _| Vwhmao
g_j gHo$V ^r Z H$aVm & AV: Bg go nyd _Zo Vwhmao gmW _| EH$
Am`w `VrV H$s h & `m Vw_ Cg na pQ> S>mbVo hE Bg ~mV H$mo
Zht g_P gH$Vo {H$ _wP Ogm _Zw` PyR> Zht ~mob gH$Vm A{nVw Omo
Hw$N> H$h ahm h g` H$h ahm h &
`h EH$ g~yV h Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Zo agybo-H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$s gMmB H$m VwV {H$`m h VWm `h g~yV òH$ gMo Ho$
Xmdo H$s g`Vm naIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ epVembr _mnXS> h gy` Ho$ {bE
Bggo A{YH$ epVembr g~yV Ama Hw$N> Zht {H$ gy` d` {d_mZ h &
Bgr ^m{V gXm_m Ama gMo H$s g`Vm Ho$ g~yVm| _| go EH$ A`V
epVembr g~yV CgH$r _Zmod{m h Omo nwH$ma-nwH$ma H$a H$hVr h,
{damo{Y`m| Ama gh`mo{J`m| H$mo g~mo{YV H$aHo$ H$hVr h, n[a{MVm| Ama
An[a{MVm| go H$hVr h {H$ _wPo XoImo Ama _wPo PyR>m H$hZo go nyd {dMma
H$a bmo {H$ `m Vw_ _wPo PyR>m H$h gH$Vo hmo ? `m _wPo PyR>m H$h H$a
Vwhmao hmW go do g_V _m`_ Zht {ZH$b OmEJo, {OZHo$ gmW Vw_
{H$gr dVw H$s dmV{dH$Vm kmV {H$`m H$aVo hmo ? Ama `m PyR>m R>ham
H$a Vw_ na do g_V ma ~X Zht hmo OmEJo, {OZ _| go JwOa H$a
Vw_ A^rQ> Co` H$mo mV {H$`m H$aVo hmo & ggma H$s òH$ dVw
{ZaVaVm MmhVr h VWm òH$ dVw lo{U`m aIVr h, Z ZoH$s (ew^
H$_) _`H$_ H$mo `mJ H$a AnZr nyUVm VH$ nhM gH$Vr h Ama Z
~Xr (XH$_) _`H$_ H$mo `mJ H$a AnZr Ma_ gr_m H$mo mV H$a
gH$Vr h & {\$a `h {H$g H$ma g^d h {H$ npM_ H$s Amoa XmS>Zo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
131
Xm'dVwb A_ra
dmbm AMmZH$ d` H$mo nya~ Ho$ XadVu {H$Zmao na XoIo ? X{jU H$s
Amoa OmZo dmbm Cma Ho$ {j{VO na d` H$mo IS>m nmE ? _Zo AnZm
g_V OrdZ Vw_ _| `VrV {H$`m h & _ N>moQ>m Wm, Vwhmao hmWm| _|
~S>m hAm, _ `wdm Wm, Vwhmao hmWm| _| AYoS> hAm, _oao EH$mVdmg Ama
_oar g^mAm| H$mo OmZZo dmbo ^r Vw_ _| {d_mZ h, _oam H$moB H$m` Vw_
go JwV Zht VWm H$moB H$WZ Vw_ go Nw>nm Zht, {\$a Vw_ _| go H$moB h
Omo `h H$h gHo$ {H$ _Zo H$^r PyR> ~mobm hmo `m A`m` {H$`m hmo `m
N>b {H$`m hmo `m YmoIm {X`m hmo `m {H$gr H$m A{YH$ma N>rZm hmo, `m
AnZr loR>Vm Mmhr hmo `m emgZ mV H$aZo H$m `mg {H$`m hmo ?
òn jo _| Vw_ Zo _oar narjm br VWm òH$ n[apW{V _| Vw_ Zo
_wPo naIm naVw gXm Vw_ Zo _oao H$X_m| H$mo gVwbZ Ho$ _mJ na XoIm
VWm òH$ Xmof go _wPo n{d nm`m, `hm VH$ {H$ {_ Ama ew go
_Zo {ddV Ama g`dmXr H$m g~moYZ nm`m & {\$a `h `m ~mV h
{H$ H$b gm` VH$ Vmo _ {ddV Wm, g`dmXr Wm, gMm Wm, PyR> go
H$mogm| Xa Wm, g` na mU XoZo H$mo V`ma Wm, A{nVw gMmB _wP na
Jd H$aVr Wr, òH$ ~mV Ama òH$ _m_bo _| Vw_ _wP na {ddmg
H$aVo Wo VWm _oar ha ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$aVo Wo naVw AmO EH$ {XZ _|
Eogm n[adVZ hmo J`m {H$ _ XQ> go XQ>V_ Ama An{d go An{dV_
hmo J`m & `m Vmo H$^r bmoJm| na PyR> Zht ~mYm Wm `m A~ Abmh na
PyR> ~mYZo bJm & BVZm n[adVZ Ama BVZm ~Xbmd {H$`m & `m H${V
Ho$ {Z`_ _| H$ht ^r CXmhaU {_bVm h ? EH$ Xmo {XZ H$s ~mV hmoVr
Vmo Vw_ H$h XoVo {H$ {XImdo go Eogm ~Z J`m, df Xmo df H$m _m_bm
hmoVm Vmo Vw_ H$hVo {H$ h_| YmoIm XoZo Ho$ {bE CgZo `h T>J AnZm aIm
Wm naVw g_V Am`w Vwhmao AXa `VrV H$a MwH$m h & ~MnZ H$mo
Vw_Zo XoI {b`m, OdmZr H$m Vw_Zo AdbmoH$Z H$a {b`m, dmWm H$s
Ad{Y Vwhmar pQ> Ho$ gm_Zo JwOar BVZm AmS>~a Ama BVZr ~ZmdQ>
{H$g H$ma g^d Wr ~MnZ Ho$ g_` _| O~ AnZo AN>o-~wao H$s ^r
I~a Zht hmoVr _Zo AmS>~a {H$g H$ma {H$`m, OdmZr Omo XrdmZr
H$hbmVr h Cg_| _Zo N>b-H$nQ> go AnZr pW{V H$mo {H$g H$ma nWH$
aIm, AVV: Hw$N> Vmo gmoMmo {H$ `h H$nQ> H$~ hAm Ama {H$gZo {H$`m ?
132
`{X {dMma Ama {MVZ H$aHo$ _oao OrdZ H$mo {ZXm}f Ama {Z_m}{hV Z
nmAmo A{nVw Vw_ Cgo ZoH$s H$s _y{V VWm gMmB H$s {V_m XoImo Vmo
{\$a gy` H$mo XoIVo hE am{ H$s KmofUm Z H$amo VWm H$me H$s
CnpW{V _| AYH$ma H$s {eH$m`V Z H$amo, Vwh| _oar _Zmod{m Ho$
A{V[aV Ama {H$g g~yV H$s Amd`H$Vm h ? _oao {nN>bo M[a H$mo
N>moS>H$a Ama {H$g g~yV H$s Amd`H$Vm h ? _oar _Zmod{m d` _wP
na gmjr h VWm _oam OrdZ _wP na Jdmh h & `{X Vw_ _| go òH$
`pV AnZo Jao~mZ (Jbo) _| _wI S>mbH$a XoIo Vmo CgH$m X` Ama
_pVH$ ^r Bg ~mV H$s Jdmhr XoJm {H$ gMmB Cg_| Wm{nV h Ama
dh gMmB go Wm{nV h, g` H$mo Cg na Jd h Ama CgH$mo g` na
Jd h, dh AnZr gMmB {g H$aZo Ho$ {bE A` dVwAm| H$m _whVmO
Zht & Cg H$m CXmhaU gy` Ho$ ApVd Ho$ {bE gy` H$m AmJ_Z Ogm
VH$ h &
`hr dh R>mog g~yV h {OgZo A~y~H$a(a{O.) Ho$ X` _| Ka H$a
{b`m Ama `hr dh epVembr g~yV h Omo gXm g`{` bmoJm| Ho$ X`m|
_| Ka H$aVm Mbm OmEJm & O~ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Zo Xmdm {H$`m Wm, Cg g_` hOaV A~y ~H$a AnZo {H$gr {_ Ho$ Ka
~R>o hE Wo dht AmnH$s EH$ dV Xmgr Zo gyMZm Xr {H$ AmnHo$ {_
H$s nZr H$hVr h {H$ CgH$m n{V Bg H$ma H$m Z~r hmo J`m h {Og
H$ma H$m Z~r _ygm H$mo dUZ H$aVo h & Amn Cgr g_` CR> H$a agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ Ka na Mbo JE VWm Amn
(g.A.d.) go nyN>m & Amn (g.A.d.) Zo \$a_m`m - _ wXm H$m agyb
h & hOaV A~y ~H$a Zo Bg ~mV H$mo gwZVo hr Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ Xmdo
H$mo drH$ma H$a {b`m & AV: agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
^r AmnHo$ B_mZ Ho$ g~Y _| \$a_mVo h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(_m XAmVmo AhXZ BbbBbm_ Bbm H$mZV BXh H$dVwZ d

ZOZ d VaXwZ Bbm _m H$mZm {_Z A~r ~H$[aZ _m AH$_m
133
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ahmo hrZm OH$Vm} bh) AWmV _Zo {H$gr H$mo Bbm_ H$s Amoa Zht
~wbm`m, naVw CgH$s Amoa go Hw$N> amoH$, {dMma Ama Ag_Og H$Q>
hAm, naVw A~y ~H$a(a{O.) Ho$ gm_Zo O~ Bbm_ VwV {H$`m Vmo dh
{~Hw$b gH$moM _| Zht nS>m A{nVw CgZo d` Bbm_ drH$ma H$a
{b`m & `h `m ~mV Wr {OgZo hOaV A~y ~H$a(a{O.) H$mo {~Zm {H$gr
{ZemZ Ho$ XoIo agybo H$ar_ (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) na B_mZ bmZo
Ho$ {bE {dde H$a {X`m & `h agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
H$m _mZd _Zmod{V Wr Omo AnZr gMmB H$r d` gmjr h &
hOaV XrOm(a{O.) hOaV Abr(a{O.) Ama hOaV OX(a{O.) {~Z hm[ag
^r Bgr g~yV H$mo XoIH$a B_mZ bmE A{nVw hOaV IXrOm(a{O.) Zo Vmo
{ZVmV {dVma go Bg g~yV H$mo AnZo B_mZ Ho$ H$maU Ho$ Vma na dUZ
^r {H$`m h & O~ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo {ham
H$s Jw\$m _| \$[aVm {XImB {X`m Ama AmnZo AmH$a hOaV XrOm(a{O.)
go nyU KQ>Zm dUZ H$aHo$ \$a_m`m {H$ (bH$X
erVmo Abm Zgr) {H$ _ AnZo mU Ho$ g~Y _| ^`^rV h & Vmo
Cg g_` hOaV XrOm a{O`bmhmo Ahm Zo Cma XoVo hE H$hm -
(H$bm dbmho bm `wOrH$bmhmo A~XZ - BZH$m

bV{gbwa[h_m d Vh{_bwb H$bm d VH${g~wb _m'X_m d
VH$[aO\$m d VwBZmo Abm ZdmB{~bhH$) H$Xm{n Zht, H$Xm{n Zht &
wXm H$s gmJY Abmh VwP H$mo H$^r bpOV Zht H$aoJm Vy Vmo n[aOZm|
go gX`dhma H$aVm h, Aghm`m| H$m ^ma CR>mVm h (ghm`Vm H$aVm h)
VWm do Cm_ {eQ>mMma Omo Bg `wJ _| Xb^ Wo VwP _| nmE OmVo h, Vy
A{V{W`m| H$m AmXa-gH$ma H$aVm h VWm bmoJm| Ho$ dY H$Q>m| _| CZH$s
ghm`Vm H$aVm h &
AV: Z~r H$s gMmB H$m W_ AmV[aH$ g~yV Cg H$s _Zmod{m
hmoVr h Omo dV_mZ pW{V go CgH$s gMmB na gmjr hmoVr h &
CgH$s gm` Eogr epVembr hmoVr h {H$ Cg H$s CnpW{V _| {H$gr
134
A` M_H$ma `m {ZemZ H$s Amd`H$Vm hr Zht hmoVr & `h g~yV
hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X gm{h~ H$s gMmB {g H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^r
Abmh VAmbm Zo CVmam h & Amn H$m{X`mZ Ho$ {Zdmgr Wo, {Og_|
{hXVmZ Ho$ VrZm| Y_m] Ho$ AZw`m`r AWmV {hX, {gI Ama _wgb_mZ
ahVo h & Ogo Amn Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {ZarjH$ BZ VrZm| Om{V`m| Ho$ `pV
Wo & Amn Ho$ mZXmZr g~Y BZ bmoJm| go Eogo Z Wo {H$ CZH$mo Amn go
ghmZw^y{V hmo, `m|{H$ Amn H$s Am`w Ho$ ma{^H$ {XZm| _| Bg Xoe na
AJoOm| Zo A{YH$ma O_m {b`m Wm VWm CZHo$ AmJ_Z Ho$ gmW hr
H$m{X`mZ Ho$ {Zdm{g`m| Zo Omo Amn Ho$ nydOm| H$s Om _| go Wo, Bg
am`-H$mpV go bm^ CR>m H$a AnZr dVVm Ho$ {bE `mg Ama^ H$a
{XE VWm AmnHo$ {nVm Ho$ gmW gnyU H$~o Ho$ {ddmX Ama _wH$_| Ama^
hmo JE Wo &
`h ^r Zht {H$ Amn CZ _wH$_m| go nWH$ Wo & AmnHo$ EH$mV
{` hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX Amn Ho$ {nVmlr Zo Hw$N> g_` VH$ Ho$ {bE
AmnH$mo AmXoe XoVo hE CZ _wH$_m| H$s H$m`dmhr Ho$ {bE {Z`wV H$a
{X`m Wm, {OgHo$ H$maU `j Vma na Amn hr CZHo$ {VXr ~ZVo
Wo &
{gIm| H$mo AmnHo$ mZXmZ go {deofVma na ewVm Wr `m|{H$ Hw$N>
g_` Ho$ {bE AmnHo$ mZXmZ H$mo Cg jo go {ZH$mb H$a do hr `hm
emgH$ ~Z JE Wo & AVEd Bg mZXmZ H$s CZ{V CZHo$ {bE
H$Q>Xm`H$ Wr VWm CZHo$ X`m| _| EH$ H$ma H$s ewVm Wr &
AmnH$mo Ama{^H$ Am`w go Bbm_ H$s godm H$s {M Wr VWm Amn
BgmB, {hX Ama {gI Y_m] Ho$ {d _m{IH$ Ama {b{IV emmW Omar
aIVo Wo, {Og Ho$ H$maU CZ Y_m] Ho$ AZw`m{``m| H$mo Amn go d^m{dH$
Vma na of Wm &
naVw Bg Ho$ ~mdOyX g_V Y_mdbp~`m| go Amn Ho$ g~Y Wo
VWm g~ go Ym{_H$ {M Ho$ H$maU {damoY Wm & òH$ `pV Mmho
{hX hmo, Mmho {gI, Mmho BgmB, Mmho _wgb_mZ, Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma
H$aVm h {H$ Xmdo go nyd Amn H$m OrdZ {ZVmV Xmofa{hV Ama n{d
Wm VWm AmnH$mo loR> loUr Ho$ {eQ>mMma mV Wo, g` H$mo Amn H$^r
Xm'dVwb A_ra
135
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Zht N>moS>Vo Wo, Amn na bmoJm| H$s {ddgZr`Vm BVZr ~T>r hB Wr {H$
AmnHo$ ImZXmZ Ho$ ew m`: CZ A{YH$mam| Ho$ `m` Ho$ {bE {OZHo$
gX^ _| CZH$m AmnHo$ mZXmZ go {damoY hmoVm Bg ~mV na ~b XoVo Wo
{H$ AmnH$mo `m`H$Vm {Z`wV H$a {X`m OmE, Amn Omo `m` H$a| dh
Ch| drH$ma hmoJm & AV: Amn H$s n[apW{V`m| go n[a{MV bmoJ òH$
~mV _| Amn na {ddmg H$aVo Wo VWm Amn H$mo B_mZXmar Ama g` H$s
EH$ {V_m g_PVo Wo & _grhr, {hX, {gI `{n {H$ Amn go Ym{_H$
{damoY aIVo Wo naVw Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$aVo Wo {H$ Amn H$m OrdZ
n{d OrdZ h &
Amn Ho$ g~Y _| bmoJm| H$s Omo am` Wr _ CgH$m EH$ CXmhaU
EH$ `pV H$s boIZr go {ZH$bm hAm VwV H$aVm h Omo ~mX _|
Amn H$m H$>a {damoYr hmo J`m VWm Amn Ho$ Xmdo na CgZo gdW_
Amn na Hw$\$ H$m \$dm {X`m & `h gOZ H$moB gmYmaU `pV Zht
A{nVw Ahbo hXrg Ho$ ZoVm Ama gaXma _mbdr _wh_X hgZ gm{h~
~Q>mbdr h, {Ohm|Zo Amn H$s EH$ {H$Vm~ "~amhrZ Ah_{X`m' na
g_rjm H$aVo hE AnZr n{H$m "BemAVwgwZh' _| AmnHo$ g~Y _| `h
gm` Xr h :""~amhrZ Ah_{X`m Ho$ boIH$ H$s n[apW{V`m VWm {dMmam| go
{OVZo h_ n[a{MV h h_mao g_H$mbrZ _| go Eogo n[a{MV H$_
{ZH$b|Jo & boIH$ h_mao Xoedmgr h A{nVw ma{^H$ Am`w Ho$ (O~ h_
Hw$Vw~r Ama eah- _wbm nT>m H$aVo Wo) h_mao ghnmR>r, Cg g_` go
AmO VH$ h_ _| CZ_| nmMma, ^|Q> Ama dmVm {ZaVa Omar h &
Bg{bE h_mam `h H$hZm {H$ h_ CZH$s n[apW{V`m| Ama hmbmV go
^br-^m{V n[a{MV h A{V`mopV R>hamE OmZo `mo` Zht & 166
`h dUZ Vmo CZH$m Bg ~mV Ho$ g~Y _| h {H$ CZH$s gm` `m|
hr Zht A{nVw XrK AZw^d Ama gJV H$m n[aUm_ h VWm CZH$s gm`
`h h :""h_mar am` _| `h {H$Vm~ (hOaV gm{h~ H$s {H$Vm~
"~amhrZ Ah_{X`m' - boIH$) Bg `wJ _| Ama dV_mZ
n[apW{V`m| H$s pQ> go Eogr {H$Vm~ h {Og H$m CXmhaU
136
AmO VH$ Bbm_ _| Zht {bIm J`m VWm ^{d` H$m kmZ
Zht H$Xm{MV Abmh VAmbm BgHo$ nMmV H$moB A` ~mV
CnZ H$a Xo & BgH$m boIH$ ^r Bbm_ H$s VZ-_Z-YZ
Ama _Z-dMZ-H$_ VWm `m`mZm| Ama boIm| mam ghm`Vm
_| Eogm T> {ZM`r {ZH$bm h {Og H$m CXmhaU nydH$mbrZ
_wgb_mZm| _| ~hV hr H$_ XoIm OmVm h & h_mao BZ eXm|
H$mo H$moB E{e`mB A{V`mopV g_Po Vmo h_| H$_ go H$_
Eogr EH$ {H$Vm~ ~Vm Xo {Og _| Bbm_ Ho$ g_V Y_m] Ho$
{damo{Y`m| go {deofH$a Am` gXm` Ama ~ g_m{O`m| go
BVZr T>Vm Ho$ gmW _wH$m~bm {H$`m J`m hmo VWm Xmo Mma
Eogo `pV Omo Bbm_ Ho$ ghm`H$ hm| H$m n[aM` Xo {Ohm|Zo
Bbm_ H$s VZ, _Z, YZ VWm {b{IV Ama _m{IH$ ghm`Vm
Ho$ A{V[aV dV_mZ (wXmB) ghm`Vm H$r ^r MwZmVr
drH$ma H$a br hmo Ama Bbm_ Ho$ {damo{Y`m| VWm Bhm_ Ho$
BH$ma H$aZo dmbm| Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| eyadra JOZm Ho$ gmW `h
Xmdm {H$`m hmo {H$ {Og H$mo Bhm_ Ho$ ApVd _| gXoh hmo
dh h_mao nmg AmH$a BgH$m AZw^d Ama AdbmoH$Z H$ao VWm
Bg AZw^d Ama AdbmoH$Z H$m A` Om{V`m| H$mo dmX ^r
MIm {X`m hmo &'' 167
`h am` AmnHo$ M[a Ama Bbm_r godm Ho$ gX^ _| Cg `pV
H$s h {OgZo AmnHo$ _gr{h`V Ho$ Xmdo na CZ _H$m dmbm| H$s ^m{V
{OZ Ho$ _wI agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo {ddV
(A_rZ) Ama gXm_m H$hVo hE ewH$ hmoVo Wo, Z Ho$db Amn Ho$ Xmdo
H$m BH$ma {H$`m A{nVw AnZr eof Am`w Amn H$mo H$m{\$a Ama PyR>m
H$hZo VWm {damoY _| `VrV H$s, naVw Xmdo Ho$ nMmV H$m {damoY
H$moB _hd Zht aIVm & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$hVm h {H$ `h g^d Zht
{H$ EH$ `pV ~mdOyX ~mrg XmVm| Ho$ _` AmB hB Or^ H$s ^m{V
{damo{Y`m| VWm ewAm| H$s ^rS> _| ahZo Ho$ òH$ {_ Ama ew go
AnZr gMmB H$m BH$ama H$adm bo VWm {\$a dh EH$ hr {XZ _|
Abmh VAmbm na PyR> ~mYZo bJo & Abmh VAmbm A`m` H$aZo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
137
Xm'dVwb A_ra
dmbm Zht {H$ Eogo `pV H$mo Omo AnZo Xmofa{hV OrdZ H$m ew go
^r BH$ama H$adm boVm h `h {V\$b XoH$a EH$ hr {XZ _| bmoJm| _|
g~ go A{YH$ XQ> ~Zm Xo & `m Vmo ~S>o go ~S>m _moh, VWm ^`H$a go
^`H$a Vam Cgo g` go {d_wI Zht H$a gH$Vm Wm Ama `m {\$a
Abmh VAmbm CgHo$ X` H$mo Eogm {dH$V H$a Xo {H$ dh ghgm Cg
na PyR> ~mYZm Ama^ H$a Xo &
{Og H$ma agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo AnZo
{damo{Y`m| H$mo MwZmVr na MwZmVr Xr {H$ do AmnHo$ nhbo OrdZ na
XmofamonU H$a| `m ~VmE {H$ `m do AmnH$mo CM loUr H$m gXmMmar
Zht g_PVo Wo & naVw H$moB `pV AmnHo$ _wH$m~bo na Zht Am`m &
Bgr H$ma hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Zo Xmdm {H$`m
{H$ Abmh VAmbm _wPo ~VmVm h {H$ H$^r H$moB {damoYr Voao M[a
na H$moB Y~m Zht bJm gHo$Jm 168 Ama {\$a Bg Xmdo Ho$ AZwgma
{damo{Y`m| H$mo {ZaVa MwZmVr Xr {H$ do AmnHo$ n{d M[a Ho$ {d
H$moB ~mV VwV H$a| `m {g H$a| {H$ do Amn Ho$ M[a H$mo ~MnZ go
dmdWm VH$ EH$ loR> Ama AZwH$aUr` CXmhaU Ama Xmofa{hV Zht
g_PVo Wo, naVw {damo{Y`m| H$mo {ZaVa Cgm{hV H$aZo Ho$ ~mdOyX
H$moB `pV AmnHo$ {d Zht ~mob gH$m VWm A~ VH$ ^r do bmoJ
Or{dV h Omo AmnH$s `wdmdWm H$s n[apW{V`m| Ho$ gmjr h naVw
~mdOyX H$R>moa {damoY Ho$ do Bg ~mV H$s gm` H$mo Zht Nw>nm gH$Vo Wo
{H$ hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$m M[a AmMÒZH$ Vma na
loR>V_ Wm VWm A{YH$me {hXAm|, {gIm| Ama _wgb_mZm| Ho$
H$WZmZwgma Amn Ho$ ~MnZ Ama `wdmWm H$m OrdZ ""Abmh dmbm| H$m
OrdZ'' Wm &
AV: {Og H$ma agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m
dmMmb _Zmod{m AmnHo$ g` H$m EH$ epVembr _mU Wm {Ogo Abmh
VAmbm Zo Hw$AmZ ear\$ _| {damo{Y`m| Ho$ g_j ~Vma g~yV Ho$ VwV
{H$`m h Bgr H$ma _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$m nhbm OrdZ Amn H$s
gMmB H$m _mU h {OgH$m H$moB BH$ma Zht H$a gH$Vm & AmnH$m
AnZr _Zmod{m hr Amn H$s gMmB H$r gmjr h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
138
MmWm g~yV
_m`VmAm| H$mo ^wbm MwHo$ g_V Y_m] na
Bbm_ H$s {dO`
MmWm g~yV `m `m| H$hZm Mm{hE {H$ Amn H$s gMmB H$mo {g
H$aZo Ho$ {bE MmWo H$ma Ho$ g~yV ò h {H$ Amn Ho$ hmW na Abmh
VAmbm Zo Cg _hmZ ^{d`dmUr H$mo nyU {H$`m h {Ogo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _|
_grh _mD$X H$m {deof H$m` ~Vm`m J`m h AWmV AmnHo$ hmW na
Abmh VAmbm Zo Bbm_ H$mo A` Y_m] na {dO`r H$aHo$ {XIm`m &
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h (hdbOr Aagbm agybh {~hXm d Xr{ZhHo$ {b`wphah
AbrZo Hw$pbhr) wXm hr h {OgZo AnZo agyb H$mo {hXm`V (nWXeZ) Ama gMm Y_ XoH$a ôOm h Vm{H$ Abmh VAmbm Cg Y_ H$mo
eof g_V Y_m] na {dO`r H$aHo$ {XIm Xo & agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ H$bm_ go kmV hmoVm h {H$ `h ~mV _grh _mD$X
Ho$ g_` _| hmoJr, `m|{H$ XOmb Ho$ Cnd H$mo VmoS>Zo VWm `mOyO,
_mOyO H$s V~mhr VWm BgmB`V H$mo ZQ> H$aZo H$m H$m` Amn (g.A.d.)
Zo _grh Ho$ hr gwnwX dUZ {H$`m h & ò Cnd g_V Cndm| go ~S>o
~VmE JE h VWm `h ^r I~a Xr JB h {H$ XOmb AWmV BgmB`V
Ho$ g_WH$ Cg g_` g_V Y_m] na {dO`r hmo OmEJo & AVEd CZ na
{dO`r hmoZo go {~Hw$b nQ> h {H$ A` Y_m] na ^r Bbm_ H$mo {dO`
mV hmo OmEJr &
AV: kmV hAm {H$
(`wphah AbrZo
Hw$pbhr) go A{^m` _grh _mD$X H$m hr `wJ h VWm BgH$m `h AW
Eogm h {H$ bJ^J g_V _wgb_mZm| H$s Bg na gh_{V h & AV:
V\$gra (`m`m) Om{_Cb~`mZ {OX 29 _| Bg Am`V H$s `m`m _|
{bIm h {H$ (Om{bH$m BXm ZwOybo
139
Xm'dVwb A_ra
BgZo _a`_m) `h Y_ na {dO` Bgm {~Z _a`_ Ho$ `wJ _| hmoVr
VWm ~w{ mam AZw_mZ ^r Bgr H$m g_WZ H$aVo h, `m|{H$ g_V Y_m]
H$m H$Q>Z Ogm {H$ Bg g_` hAm h, Bggo nyd Zht {_bVm & nana
_ob-{_bmn Ho$ A{YH$ hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU g_V Y_mdbp~`m| _| EH$
Omoe CnZ hmo J`m h VWm Y_m] H$m BVZm ~mh` pQ>JmoMa hmoVm h
{H$ Bggo nyd BVZm ~mh` {XImB Zht XoVm & agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ `wJ _| Vmo _m Mma Y_ hr Bbm_ Ho$ _wH$m~bo na
AmE Wo, AWmV _H$m Ho$ Vdm{X`m| H$m Y_, BgmB`m| H$m Y_, `h{X`m|
VWm ApZ nyOH$m| (nmagr) H$m Y_ & AVEd Cg `wJ _| Bg
^{d`dmUr Ho$ H$Q>Z H$m A^r g_` Zhr Am`m Wm, CgH$m g_` A~
Am`m h, `m|{H$ Bg g_` g_V Y_ H$Q> hmo JE h VWm `mVm`mV
Ho$ ZdrZ Am{dH$V gmYZm|, Vma Ama og B`m{X Ho$ Am{dH$ma go
Y_m] H$m _wH$m~bm ~S>o Omoe go ma^ hmo J`m h &
AV: Hw$AmZ H$ar_, hXrgm| Ama gX~w{ go kmV hmoVm h {H$
_m`VmAm| H$mo ^wbm MwHo$ Y_m] na Bbm_ H$s {dO` `j Vma na
_grh _mD$X Ho$ `wJ _| hr {ZpMV h VWm _grh _mD$X H$m _yb H$m`
`hr h & Bg H$m` H$mo Cg Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB A` Zht H$a gH$Vm &
Omo `pV Bg H$m` H$mo gnZ H$ao CgHo$ _grh _mD$X hmoZo _| H$moB
gXoh Zht & KQ>ZmAm| go {g h {H$ `h H$m` Abmh VAmbm Zo hOaV
{_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X gm{h~ Ho$ hmWm| go nyU H$a {X`m h & AV: Amn
hr _grh _mD$X h &
hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X gm{h~ Ho$ Xmdo go nyd Bbm_ H$s pW{V
BVZr H$_Omoa hmo MwH$s Wr {H$ d` _wgb_mZm| _| go g_PXma VWm
g_` go n[a{MV bmoJ ò ^{d`dm{U`m H$aZo bJo Wo {H$ Hw$N> {XZm| _|
Bbm_ {~Hw$b g_mV hmo OmEJm VWm n[apV{W`m Bg ~mV H$r Amoa
gHo$V ^r H$a ahr Wt `m|{H$ BgmB`V Bbm_ H$mo Bg VoOr Ho$ gmW
ImVr Mbr Om ahr Wr {H$ EH$ eVmXr VH$ Bbm_ Ho$ {~Hw$b {_Q>
OmZo H$m IVam Wm & _wgb_mZ BgmB`m| Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| BVZm An_mZ na
An_mZ ghZ H$a aho Wo {H$ ZdrZ _wgb_mZ H$m_| Vmo nWH$ aht, agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gVmZ AWmV gmXmV _| go
140
ghm| Bbm_ H$mo `mJ H$a BgmB hmo JE Wo Ama Z Ho$db BgmB hmo
JE Wo A{nVw Bbm_ Ama Bbm_ Ho$ gWmnH$ Ho$ {d A`V X{fV
gm{h` H$m{eV H$a aho Wo, VWm _Mm| na IS>o hmoH$a AmhOaV
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ n{d ApVd na Eogo H$Q>Xm`H$ Amamon
bJmE OmVo Wo {H$ CZH$mo gwZH$a EH$ _wgb_mZ H$m H$boOm N>bZr hmo
OmVm Wm & _wgb_mZm| H$s H$_Omoar BVZr ~T> JB Wr {H$ {hXAm| H$s
dh {ZmU Om{V {Ogo Mma Ho$ _XmZ _| H$^r ^r g\$bVm mV Zht
hB Ama Omo gXm AnZo Ka H$s gwajm hr H$m `mg H$aVr VWm dh ^r
Ag\$b `mg H$aVr ahr h Cgo ^r gmhg hmo J`m VWm Cg_| go ^r
EH$ gXm` Am`m] H$m IS>m hmo J`m {OgZo AnZm Co` _wgb_mZm| H$mo
{hX ~ZmZm {ZpMV {H$`m, VWm CgHo$ {bE `dhm[aH$ Vma na `Z
^r ma^ H$a {XE & `h ` {~Hw$b Eogm hr Wm Ogo EH$ AMyH$
{ZemZo~mO Ho$ ed na {J EH$ hmo OmVo h & `m Vmo do CgH$s epV
go ^`^rV hmo H$a CgHo$ {ZH$Q> ^r Zht \$Q>H$Vo Wo `m CgHo$ _mg Ho$
Qw>H$S>o Zm|M-Zm|M H$a ImZo bJVo h VWm Cgr H$s h{>`m| na ~R> H$a
CgH$m _mg ImVo h & Hw$N> _wgb_mZ boIH$ VH$ Omo Bbm_ Ho$ g_WZ
hoVw IS>o hmoVo Wo Bbm_ H$s {deofVm {g H$aZo Ho$ WmZ na Bg ~mV
H$m BH$ama H$aZo bJ JE Wo {H$ Bbm_ Ho$ AmXoe Ag` Ama AgH$V
`wJ Ho$ AZwHy$b Wo Bg{bE dV_mZ `wJ Ho$ H$me Ho$ AZwgma CZ na
Eo{VamO Zht H$aZo Mm{hE &
Bg AmV[aH$ {Zamem VWm ~mhar AmH$_U Ho$ g_` hOaV AH$Xg
{_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Zo Bbm_ H$s gwajm H$m
H$m` Ama^ {H$`m VWm gdW_ AmH$_U hr BVZm epVembr {H$`m {H$
ewAm| Ho$ hmoe CS> JE & Amn Zo EH$ {H$Vm~ ""~amhrZ Ah_{X`m''
{bIr {Og_| Bbm_ H$s gMmB Ho$ VH$m] H$mo `m`m_H$ $n _| dUZ
{H$`m VWm Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| H$mo MwZmVr Xr {H$ `{X do AnZo Y_m] go
VH$m] H$m nmMdm ^mJ {XIm X|Jo Vmo Amn CZH$mo Xg hOma n`m
X|Jo & 171 ES>r-MmoQ>r H$m Omoa bJmZo Ho$ ~mdOyX H$moB ew Bg {H$Vm~ H$m
Cma Z Xo gH$m VWm {hXVmZ Ho$ EH$ H$moZo go Xgao H$moZo VH$ emoa
_M J`m {H$ `h {H$Vm~ AnZm CXmhaU d` h & ew VY ah JE
Xm'dVwb A_ra
141
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{H$ `m Vmo Bbm_ AnZr ajm Ama ~Mmd H$s ^r epV Zht aIVm Wm
`m Bg `mom Ho$ ~rM _| Am Hy$XZo go CgH$s Vbdma _m`VmAm| H$mo ^wbm
MwHo$ Y_m] Ho$ gam| na Bg epV go nS>Zo bJr h {H$ CZH$mo AnZo mUm|
Ho$ bmbo nS> JE h &
Cg g_` VH$ AmnZo _grh hmoZo H$m Xmdm Zht {H$`m Wm Ama Z
hr bmoJm| _| AmnHo$ {damoY H$m Omoe CnZ hAm Wm, do of go [aV
Wo & n[aUm_ `h hAm {H$ ghm| _wgb_mZm| Zo KmofUm_H$ $n _|
H$hZm ma^ H$a {X`m {H$ `hr `pV Bg `wJ H$m _wO{X h A{nVw
bw{Y`mZm Ho$ EH$ ~wOwJ Zo Omo AnZo g_` Ho$ d{b`m| (G${f`m|) _| {JZo
OmVo Wo `hm VH$ {bI {X`m {H$ h_ _arOm| H$s h Vwht na ZOa
Vw_ _grhm ~Zmo wXm Ho$ {bE172
Bg {H$Vm~ Ho$ ~mX AmnZo Bbm_ H$s gwajm Ama CgHo$ g_WZ _|
BVZm `mg {H$`m {H$ AVV: Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| H$mo drH$ma H$aZm nS>m
{H$ Bbm_ _waXm Zht A{nVw Or{dV Y_ h VWm Ch| {MVm nS> JB {H$
Bbm_ Ho$ gm_Zo h_mao Y_ `m|H$a R>ha|Jo & Cg g_` Cg Y_ H$s Omo
AnZr g\$bVm na gdm{YH$ Jd H$a ahm Wm VWm Bbm_ H$mo AnZm
{eH$ma g_P ahm Wm, `h pW{V h {H$ CgHo$ MmaH$ hOaV AH$Xg
Ho$ godH$m| go Bg H$ma ^mJVo h {Og H$ma JYo eoam| go ^mJVo h &
{H$gr _| `h epV Zht {H$ dh Ah_Xr Ho$ _wH$m~bo na IS>m hmo OmE &
AmO Amn(A) Ho$ mam Bbm_ g_V Y_m] na {dO` mV H$a MwH$m
h, `m|{H$ VH$m] H$s Vbdma Eogr YmaXma h {H$ `{n Cg H$s MmoQ>
Xoa Ho$ ~mX AnZm ^md {XImVr h, naVw Cg H$m ^md Z {_Q>Zo
dmbm hmoVm h &
Bg_| H$moB gXoh Zht {H$ BgmB`V `{n A^r Bgr H$ma ggma H$mo
AnZr n[a{Y _| {bE hE h {Og H$ma nyd _| Wr Ama A` Y_ ^r
Cgr H$ma Wm{nV h {Og H$ma nyd _| Wo, naVw {ZgXoh CZ H$s
_`w H$s KQ>r ~O MwH$s h VWm CZH$s arT> H$s h>r Qy>Q> MwH$s h &
ar{V-[admOm| Ho$ ^md Ho$ H$maU A^r bmoJ Bbm_ _| Bg ~mh` Ho$
gmW doe Zht H$aVo {Og ~mh` go doe H$aZo na CZH$s _`w `j
142
X{e`m| H$mo {XImB Xo gH$Vr h naVw bjU H$Q> hmo MwHo$ h &
~w{_mZ `pV ~rO go AZw_mZ bJm boVm h & hOaV AH$Xg Zo
CZ na Eogr MmoQ> H$s {H$ Cg Ho$ b` go ~M Zht gH$Vo VWm erK `m
Xoa go EH$ _waXm T>oa H$s ^m{V Bbm_ Ho$ nam| na {Ja|Jo & do AmH$_U
Omo AmnZo A` Y_m] na {H$E, {OZ H$m n[aUm_ CZH$s {ZM` hr _`w
h ò h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
BgmB Y_ na hma
BgmB Y_ na Vmo Amn H$m `h hma h {H$ CgH$s g_V g\$bVm
Bg {ddmg na Wr {H$ hOaV _grh gbr~ na _a H$a bmoJm| Ho$ {bE
H$\ $mam (nmn-{ZdmaU) hmo JE Ama nwZ: Or{dV hmoH$a AmH$me na wXm
Ho$ XmE hmW na Om ~R>o & EH$ Amoa CZH$s _`w {Ogo bmoJm| Ho$ {bE H$Q>
{H$`m OmVm Wm Vmo bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _| CZHo$ o_ H$s bha XmS > OmVr Wr
Ama Xgar Amoa CZ H$m Or{dV hmoZm Ama AmH$me na wXm Ho$ Xm`| hmW
na Om ~R>Zm CZH$s loR>Vm Ama wXm hmoZo H$m BH$ama H$adm boVm Wm &
Amn Zo BZ XmoZm| ~mVm| H$mo BOrb hr go JbV {g H$aHo$ {XIm`m VWm
B{Vhmg go {g H$a {X`m {H$ _grh H$m gbr~ na _aZm Ag^d Wm,
`m|{H$ gbr~ na bmoJ VrZ-VrZ {XZ VH$ Or{dV ahVo Wo & _grh H$mo
BOrbm| Ho$ H$WmZmZwgma Ho$db VrZ-Mma KQ>o gbr~ na aIm J`m A{nVw
BOrb _| h {H$ O~ Ch| gbr~ go CVmam J`m Vmo CZHo$ eara _| ^mbm
Mw^moZo go eara go Or{dV aV {ZH$bm 173 VWm _waXo Ho$ eara go Or{dV
aV Zht {ZH$bm H$aVm A{nVw Bg go ^r ~T>H$a `h {g {H$`m {H$
hOaV _grh Zo `h ^{d`dmUr H$s Wr Omo A~ VH$ BOrbm| _| {d_mZ
h {H$ Amn Or{dV hr gbr~ go CVa AmEJo & AmnZo H$hm Wm - Bg `wJ
Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo `wZgw Z~r Ogm M_H$ma {XIm`m OmEJm & {Og H$ma dh
VrZ {XZ-amV _N>br Ho$ noQ> _| ahm Cgr ^m{V ""AmX_ H$m ~oQ>m VrZ
{XZ-amV H $~ _| ahoJm'' 174 Ama `h ~mV gdg_{V go drH$ma H$s OmVr
h {H$ `yZgw Z~r Or{dV hr _N>br Ho$ noQ> _| Xm{b hAm Ama Or{dV hr
Cg go ~mha Am`m & AV: Bg H$ma _grh Ab{hgbm_ ^r Or{dV hr
143
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H $~ _| CVmao JE Ama Or{dV hr Cg_| go {ZH$mbo JE & My{ H$ g_V
VH$m] H$m AmYma BOrbm| na hr Wm Bg AmH$_U H$m Cma BgmB Hw$N> Z Xo
gH$Vo Wo Ama Z A~ Xo gH$Vo h & AVEd H$\$mam Ama _grh H$r Xgam|
Ho$ {bE gbr~ na _mao OmZo H$s AmWm Omo bmoJm| H$mo BgmB`V H$s Amoa
AmH${fV H$aHo$ bm ahr Wr {~Hw$b {_`m hmo JB Ama Cg H$s EH$ Q>mJ
Qy>Q> JB &
BgmB`V H$s {V_m H$s Xgar Q>mJ hOaV _grh Ho$ Or{dV AmH$me
na OmZo Ama wXm Ho$ Xm`| hmW na ~R> OmZo H$s Wr& `h Q>mJ ^r Amn
Zo BOrb Ho$ g~yVm| go hr VmoS> Xr, `m|{H$ Amn Zo BOrb go hr {g
H$a {XIm`m {H$ _grh Ab{hgbm_ gbr~r KQ>Zm Ho$ nMmV AmH$me
na Zht JE A{nVw BamZ, A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ama {hXVmZ H$s Amoa Mbo
JE & Ogm {H$ CboI h {H$ - _grh Ab{hgbm_ Zo H$hm {H$ _ ~Zr
BmBb H$s ImoB hB ôS>m| H$mo EH$ H$aZo hoVw Am`m h "_oar Ama ^r
ôS>| h Omo Bg ôS>ImZo H$s Zht, _wPo CZH$mo bmZm ^r Amd`H$
h' 175 VWm B{Vhmg go {g h {H$ ~m~wb Ho$ amOm "~wV Zga' Zo
~Zr BmBb Ho$ ~mah g_yhm| _| go Xg H$mo ~Xr ~Zm H$a A\$Jm{ZVmZ
H$s Amoa Xoe go {ZH$mgZ H$a {X`m Wm & 176 AV: hOaV _grh Ho$
Bg H$WZ Ho$ AZwgma CZH$m A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ama H$_ra H$s Amoa AmZm
A{Zdm` Wm Vm{H$ dh CZ ImoB hB ôS>m| H$mo wXm H$m H$bm_ nhMm X| &
`{X dh BYa Z AmVo Vmo AnZo BH$ama Ho$ AZwgma CZH$m AdVaU `W
Ama {ZaWH$ hmo OmVm &
AmnZo BOrbr gm` Ho$ A{V[aV Eo{Vhm{gH$ Ama ^moJmo{bH$ gm` go
^r Bg Xmdo H$mo nyU _mU VH$ nhM m {X`m & AV: mMrZ _grhr
B{Vhmgm| go {g H$a {X`m {H$ hOaV _grh Ho$ hdmar ({e`) {hXVmZ
H$s Amoa Am`m H$aVo Wo Ama `h {H$ {V~V _| EH$ {H$Vm~ {~Hw$b BOrb
H$s {ejm Ho$ g_$n CnbY h {Og_| `h Xmdm {H$`m J`m h {H$ Cg_|
Bgm Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ dmmV h {Oggo {d{XV hAm {H$ _grh Ab{hgbm_ BZ
jom| H$s Amoa AmE Wo & Bgr H$ma Amn Zo {g {H$`m {H$ B{Vhmg go
`h ~mV {g h VWm A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ama H$_ra Ho$ Adeof Ama ZJam| Ho$
Zm_ Bg ~mV H$m g`mnZ H$aVo h {H$ BZ Xoem| _| `hXr bmH$a ~gmE JE
144
Wo & AV: H$_ra H$m AW Omo dmVd _| H$era h (Ogm {H$ _yb
{Zdm{g`m| H$s ^mfm go kmV hmoVm) "`m_ Ho$ Xoe Ho$ g_mZ' H$m h & "H$'
H$m AW "g_mZ' Ama era "`m_' (gr[a`m) H$m Zm_ h & Bgr H$ma
H$m~wb Ama AZoH$ A\$JmZr ZJam| Ho$ Zm_ `m_ Ho$ ZJam| Ho$ Zm_m| go
{_bVo h & A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ama H$_ra Ho$ {Zdm{g`m| Ho$ _wI_S>bm| H$s
h{>`m| H$s ~ZmdQ> ^r ~Zr BmBb Ho$ _wI_S>bm| H$s ~ZmdQ> go _ob ImVr
h naVw g~ go ~T>H$a `h {H$ AmnZo B{Vhmg Ho$ _m`_ go _grh H$s
H $~ H$m ^r nVm kmV H$a {b`m, Omo H$_ra Ho$ eha lrZJa Ho$ _whbm
mZ`ma _| {d_mZ h & H$_ra Ho$ mMrZ B{Vhmgm| go {d{XV hmoVm h
{H$ `h EH$ Z~r H$s H $~ h {Ogo ehOmXm Z~r H$hVo Wo, Omo npM_ H$s
Amoa go CZrg gm df nyd Am`m Wm VWm H$_ra Ho$ nwamZo bmoJ Cgo Bgm
gm{h~ H$s H $~ H$hVo h &
AV: {^Z-{^Z _m`_m| go nhMZo dmbo dUZm| go Amn Zo {g H$a
{X`m {H$ hOaV _grh(A) _`w nmH$a H$_ra _| XZ h (_wX} H$mo ndr
Ho$ AXa EH$ {deof H$ma go JmS> XoZm) VWm CZHo$ nj _| wXm VAmbm
H$m `h dmXm nyU hmo MwH$m h {H$
(d
Amd`Zmh_m Bbm ad{VZ OmVo H$am[aZ d _B{ZZ) Ama h_Zo _grh
Ama CgH$s _m H$mo EH$ Eogo {Zdmg Wb na eaU Xr Omo D$Mm h {\$a
h ^r _XmZ _| VWm Cg_| ~hV go PaZo ^r ~hVo h & `h n[a^mfm
H$_ra na {~Hw$b M[aVmW hmoVr h &
AVEd _grh Ho$ OrdZ H$s n[apW{V`m CZ H$s _`w VH$ {g
H$aHo$ VWm CZH$s H$~ VH$ H$m {ZemZ {ZH$mb H$a hOaV _grh _mD$X
Zo _grh H$s wXmB na Eogm epVembr AmH$_U {H$`m h {H$ _grh H$s
wXmB (wXm hmoZm) H$s AmWm gXm Ho$ {bE EH$ _V AmWm ~Z JB h
Ama A~ BgmB`V H$^r ^r ga Zht CR>m gH$Vr &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
g_V Y_m] Ho$ {bE EH$ hr A

My{H$ BgmB Y_ `m amOZ{VH$ loR>Vm H$s pQ> go Ama `m AnZr
{dembVm Ama `m AnZo Mma Ho$ `mgm| H$s pQ> go Ama `m kmZ
145
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ama ej{UH$ CZ{V H$s pQ> go Cg `wJ _| A` g_V Y_m] na EH$
loR>Vm aIVm Wm & Bgr H$maU Abmh VAmbm Zo {deof h{W`ma XmZ
{H$E, naVw eof g_V Y_m] Ho$ {bE EH$ hr Eogm h{W`ma XmZ {H$`m
{OgH$s MmoQ> go H$moB Y_ ~M Zht gH$Vm, A` òH$ Y_ Ho$ AZw`m`r
Bbm_ H$m {eH$ma hmo JE h & dh A `h h {H$ òH$ Y_ Ho$
nydOm| Ho$ mam Abmh VAmbm Zo ggma Ho$ ApV_ `wJ _| EH$ gwYmaH$
H$s gyMZm Xo aIr Wr & Cg gyMZm Ho$ H$maU EH$ _w[Z `m AdVma `m
Chm|Zo CgH$m Omo ^r Zm_ aIm Wm CgH$s Vrjm H$a aho Wo Ama AnZr
g_V CZ{V Ama CWmZ H$mo Cg go gbZ g_PVo Wo & {hXAm| _| ^r
Eogr ^{d`dm{U`m Wt, nma{g`m| _| ^r Wt VWm A` N>moQ>o-~S>o
Y_mdbp~`m| _| ^r Wt VWm BZ g_V ^{d`dm{U`m| _| AmZo dmbo
_mD$X (H${WV) H$m g_` ^r ~Vm`m J`m Wm AWmV CgHo$ `wJ Ho$ Hw$N>
bjU ~Vma nhMmZ ~Vm {XE JE Wo & Abmh VAmbm Zo _grh _mD$X
na `h nQ> H$a {X`m {H$ ò {OVZr ^{d`dm{U`m h CZ _| Omo bjU
~VmE JE h g~ {_bVo-OwbVo h Ama `{X Hw$N> ^{d`dm{U`m| _| Hw$N>
A` ^{d`dm{U`m| H$s Anojm Hw$N> A{YH$ bjU ({ZemZ) ~VmE JE h
Vmo do ^r Cgr `wJ H$s Amoa gHo$V H$a aho h {Og Amoa {H$ eof
bjU & AVEd ò g_V Z~r `m AdVma EH$ hr `wJ _| AmZo dmbo h &
A~ BYa ghm| dfm] Ho$ nMmV BZ ^{d`dm{U`m| H$m Bg `wJ _| nyU
hmoZm ~VmVm h {H$ do wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go Wt, _Zw` `m eVmZ H$s
Amoa go Z Wt, `m|{H$ Am`V (\$bm `wphamo Abm J { ~hr AhXZ Bbm _{ZVO
m {_Z agy{bZ) BgH$m
\$gbm H$a ahr h VWm Xgar Amoa `h ~mV {~Hw$b ~w{ Ho$ {d h {H$
EH$ hr g_` _| òH$ H $m_ Ama Om{V _| Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go agyb,
Z~r `m AdVma IS>o {H$E OmE {OZ H$m `h H$m` hmo {H$ do Cg Om{V H$mo
A` Om{V`m| na {dO`r H$a| AWmV wXm Ho$ Z~r hr nana _wH $m~bm H$a| &
{\$a `h ^r Ag^d h {H$ EH$ hr g_` _| òH$ Om{V A` Om{V`m| na
{dO`r hmo OmE & AV: EH$ Amoa BZ ^{d`dm{U`m| H$m gMm {g hmoZm {H$
ò wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go h Ama Xgar Amoa CZH$m {d{^Z bmoJm| na nyU
hmoH$a Cnd H$m H$maU ~ZZm A{nVw ~w{-gJV Z hmoZm Bg ~mV na gmjr
146
h {H$ dmVd _| BZ g_V ^{d`dm{U`m| _| EH$ hr ApVd H$s gyMZm Xr
JB VWm Abmh VAmbm H$s BN>m `h Wr {H$ nhbo ggma H$s g_V
Om{V`m| H$mo Vrjm H$amE Ama O~ dh Am OmE Vmo CgHo$ _wI go Bbm_
H$s gMmB H$s gm` VwV H$amHo$ CZ Y_mdbp~`m| H$m Bbm_ _| doe
H$amE VWm Bbm_ H$mo CZ Y_m] na {dO`r H$ao & AV: _hXr H$moB Z Wm
naVw _grh Ama H$U H$moB Z Wm naVw _grh, O aVpV`m| H$m _gXy a~h_r
H$moB Z Wm naVw dhr Omo H$U _hXr Ama _grh Wm Ama Bgr H$ma A`
H$m_m| Ho$ _mD$X ({OZH$m dmXm {H$`m J`m Wm) dmVd _| EH$ hr `pV
Wm & AV: {^Z-{^Z Zm_m| mam ^{d`dmUr H$aZo H$m Co` `h Wm {H$
AnZo Z{~`m| go CgH$s gyMZm gwZH$a VWm AnZr ^mfm _| CgH$m Zm_ XoIH$a
do Cgo AnZm g_P|, nam`m `m AOZ~r Z g_P|, `hm VH$ {H$ dh g_`
Am OmE {H$ O~ dh _mD$X H$Q> hmo VWm Cg Ho$ g_` _| g_V
^{d`dm{U`m| H$mo nyU hmoVo XoIH$a CZ H$s gMmB H$mo drH$ma H$aZm nS>o
VWm CgH$s gm` na do Bbm_ H$mo drH$ma H$a| &
Bg Zr{VnyU {H$`m H$m CXmhaU {~Hw$b `h h {H$ H$moB `pV
~hV gr H$m_m| H$mo bS>Vm hAm XoIH$a CZ go H$m_Zm H$ao {H$ _`Wm|
mam {ZU` H$a b| Ama O~ do AnZo-AnZo _`W {Z`wV H$a b| Vmo
kmV hmo {H$ do EH$ hr `pV Ho$ {d{^Z Zm_ h VWm CgHo$ \$gbm
H$aZo na g~ H$s g{Y (gh_{V) hmo OmE &
AV: `h {g H$aHo$ {H$ {d{^Z Y_m] _| ApV_ `wJ Ho$ _mD$X Ho$
g~Y _| Omo ^{d`dm{U`m h do Bg `wJ _| nyU hmo MwH$s h {\$a `h
{g H$aZo Ho$ nMmV {H$ EH$ hr g_` _| H$B _mD$X {OZ H$m Co`
`h hmo {H$ gMmB H$mo g_V ggma _| gm[aV H$a| VWm AnZr H$m_
H$mo {dO`r H$a| Ag^d h & Amn Zo {g H$a {X`m {H$ dmVd _|
g_V Y_ {^Z-{^Z Zm_m| Ho$ gmW EH$ hr _mD$X H$mo `mX H$a aho Wo
Ama dh _mD$X Amn h & My{H$ Z~r {H$gr H$m_ H$m Zht hmoVm, Omo
wXm Ho$ {bE CgHo$ gmW hmo dh CgH$m hmoVm h & Bg{bE dh Ogo
òH$ Y_ Ho$ AZw`m{``m| Ho$ AnZo hr `pV h VWm AmnHo$ _mZZo go
CZH$s g_V CZ{V Ama CWmZ {Zâ h & AmnH$mo drH$ma H$aZo Ama
_mZZo H$m AW `h h {H$ Bbm_ _| doe H$a| AWdm Xgao eXm| _| `h
Xm'dVwb A_ra
147
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{H$ dh ^{d`dmUr nyU hmo OmE {H$ _grh _mD$X Bg{bE AmEJm Vm{H$
({b `wphah AbrZo Hw$pbhr) CgHo$ mam Abmh
VAmbm Bbm_ Y_ H$mo g_V Y_m] na {dO`r H$ao &
`h AmH$_U BVZm KmVH$ h {H$ H$moB Y_ BgH$m _wH$m~bm Zht H$a
gH$Vm & òH$ Y_ _| ApV_ gwYmaH$ H$s ^{d`dmUr {d_mZ h Ama
Omo bjU ~VmE JE h do Bg `wJ _| nyU hmo MwHo$ h naVw Amn Ho$
A{V[aV Xmdm H$aZo dmbm H$moB IS>m Zht hAm & AVEd `m Vmo bmoJ
AnZo Y_m] H$mo {_`m g_P| `m {dde hmoH$a drH$ma H$a| {H$ `h Bbm_
H$m _mD$X hr CZ {H$Vm~m| H$m _mD$X Wm Ama Cg na B_mZ bmE & BZ
Xmo ~mVm| Ho$ A{V[aV Ama H$moB Vrgar ~mV ggma Ho$ Y_m] Ho$
AZw`m{``m| Ho$ {bE H$Q> Zht hB & BZ XmoZm| ~mVm| _| Bbm_ H$mo {dO`
mV hmo OmVr h `m|{H$ `{X A` Y_m] Ho$ AZw`m`r AnZo Y_m] H$mo
PyR>m g_PH$a `mJ X| V~ ^r Bbm_ {dO`r ahm Ama `{X do CZ Y_m]
H$mo gMm H$aZo hoVw CZH$s ^{d`dmUr Ho$ AZwgma Bg `wJ Ho$ gwYmaH$
H$mo drH$ma H$a b| V~ ^r Bbm_ {dO`r ahm &
`h dh AmH$_U h {H$ `m|-`m| A` Y_m] Ho$ AZw`m{``m| na Bg
AmH$_U H$m ^md hmoJm do Bbm_ H$mo drH$ma H$aZo na {dde hm|Jo
Ama AVV: ggma _| Bbm_ hr Bbm_ {XImB XoZo bJoJm & _grh
_mD$X Zo Z{~`m| H$s n{V Ho$ AVJV ~rO ~mo {X`m h, noS> AnZo g_`
na n[and hmoH$a \$b XoJm VWm ggma Cg Ho$ \$bm| H$s _YwaVm na
_wY VWm Cg H$s erVb N>m`m H$s drH$m[aVm na {dde hmoJm {H$ Cgr
Ho$ ZrMo AmH$a ~R>o &
Bg AmH$_U go EH$ Y_ EH$ gr_m VH$ eof ahVm Wm AWmV {gIm|
H$m Y_, `m|{H$ ~m~m ZmZH$ gm{h~ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ nMmV hE h `{n CZHo$ `hm ^r EH$ ApV_ gwYmaH$ H$s
^{d`dmUr {d_mZ h A{nVw nQ> {bIm h {H$ dh ~Q>mbm Ho$ jo _|
hmoJm 179 (~Q>mbm dh Vhgrb h {Og_| H$m{X`mZ H$m H$~m h & AV:
`h ^{d`dmUr Ajae: nyU hmo MwH$s h) naVw CZH$s Amoa go `h
Eo{VamO hmo gH$Vm Wm {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
mV_wZ{~`rZ Wo Vmo AmnHo$ nMmV Bg Y_ H$s ~w{Z`mX `m|H$a nS>r &
148
AV: Bg Y_ Ho$ gwYma VWm Cgo Bbm_ _| bmZo Ho$ {bE Abmh VAmbm
Zo AmnH$mo `h `wpV XmZ H$s {H$ AmnH$mo amo`m (dZ) _| ~Vm`m J`m
{H$ ~m~m ZmZH$ ah_Vwbmh Ab`ho Zo H$moB ZdrZ Y_ Zht {ZH$mbm
A{nVw dh nHo$ _wgb_mZ Wo &
ho ~mXemh ! Amn `h gwZH$a AmM` H$a|Jo {H$ `jV`m {d{M
{XImB XoZo dmbr ~mV Eogo epVembr g~yVm| Ho$ gmW nyU _mU H$mo
nhM JB {H$ ghm| {gIm| Ho$ X`m| Zo Bg ~mV H$s g`Vm H$mo drH$ma
H$a {b`m Ama do {gI Omo Bggo nyd d` H$mo {hXAm| H$m hr ^mJ
R>ham`m H$aVo Wo ~S>r ~bVm go `mg H$aZo bJo {H$ do {hXAm| go
nWH$ hmo OmE & hOaV _grh _mD$X Ho$ Bg Xmdo go nyd {gI Jwmam| _|
{hXAm| H$s _y{V`m aIr hB Wt & Bg Xmdo Ho$ CnamV `{n {gI Om{V
Zo Om{V Ho$ $n _| Vmo A^r Bbm_ drH$ma Zht {H$`m naVw Cg_| Eogm
_hmZ n[adVZ hAm {H$ CgZo Jwmam| go _y{V`m| H$mo MwZ-MwZ H$a \|$H$Zm
Ama^ H$a {X`m Ama {hX hmoZo go nQ> BH$ma H$a {X`m &
hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo Bg amo`m Ho$ nMmV O~ N>mZ-~rZ Ama ImoO
H$s Vmo {d{XV hAm {H$ JW gm{h~ _| Omo ~mdm gm{h~(ah) Ho$ CnXoem|
H$s {H$Vm~ h nmM g_` H$s Z_mO, amoOm, (Cndmg), OH$mV Ama hO
H$m gV AmJh h VWm CZH$m nmbZ Z H$aZo na H$R>moa ^gZm H$s JB
h A{nVw {gIm| H$s {H$Vm~m| go `h ^r kmV hAm {H$ ~mdm gm{h~ "CZ
na ah_V hmo', _wgb_mZ d{b`m| (G${f`m|) H$s gJV _| ahm H$aVo Wo
CZHo$ H${~VmZm| _| ~R>m H$aVo Wo, CZHo$ (d{b`m| Ho$) gmW Z_mO nT>Vo
Wo, Amn hO H$mo ^r JE Wo VWm Amn Zo ~JXmX B`m{X Bbm_r
Adeofm| Ama _{V`m| Ho$ ^r XeZ {H$E Wo VWm g~ go ~T>H$a `h ~mV
kmV hB {H$ ~mdm gm{h~ H$m EH$ H$moQ> h Omo {gI gOZm| _| ~Vma
gmX (V~H$) aIm hAm h Ama Cht Ho$ H$Oo _| h & Cg_| Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ H$s gyah VWm Am`V| Ogo gyah Bbmg, Am`VwbHw$gu, Am`V
(BZrZm BXbm{hb Bbm_) {bIr hB h
VWm ehmXV H$m H${b_m ^r _moQ>r H$b_ go {bIm hAm h & {gI
gOZ Aa~r ^mfm go An[a{MV VWm AZ{^k hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Bg H$bm_
H$mo AmH$mer` ah` g_PVo aho VWm `h _mby_ Z H$a gHo$ {H$ `h
Xm'dVwb A_ra
149
Xm'dVwb A_ra
~mdm gm{h~ Ho$ Bbm_ H$s KmofUm h AnZo BZ epVembr g~yVm| H$mo
Omo d` {gI gOZm| H$s {H$Vm~m| go {ZH$bo h `m CZHo$ nmg Omo gmX
gwa{jV h CZ na CZH$s ~w{Z`mX h ~S>r ~bVm Ho$ gmW {gIm| _|
Mm[aV Ama gm[aV H$aZm Ama^ {H$`m VWm CZH$m `mZmH$fU {H$`m
{H$ ~mdm gm{h~ "CZ na ah_V hmo' _wgb_mZ Wo & `h hma {gIm| _|
n[adVZ CnZ H$aZo _| ~S>r gr_m VH$ g\$b hmo MwH$m h Ama Amem h
{H$ `m|-`m| {gI gOZ _yb dmV{dH$Vm go n[a{MV hm|Jo CZ na {g
hmoVm OmEJm {H$ do h_mao {~N>S>o hE ^mB h & Bbm_ hr CZ H$m Y_
h & do H$B gm df nyd Ho$ amOZ{VH$ PJS>m| H$mo {OZ H$m _yb H$maU
Ogm {H$ B{Vhmgm| go {g hmoVm h _wgb_mZ Z Wo A{nVw {hX gOZ
Wo, g`Y_ H$s drH$m[aVm Ho$ _mJ _| ~mYm Z ~ZZo X|Jo A{nVw AnZr
{g ~hmXar go H$m_ boH$a g_V ~mYmAm| H$mo Xa H$aHo$ gV{gar
AH$mb Ho$ CXKmof H$aVo hE Bbm_ H$s npV _| Am IS>o hm|Jo, VWm
naJZm ~Q>mbm _| H$Q> hmoZo dmbo gwYmaH$ na B_mZ bmH$a _mo{_Zm| H$s
O_mAV _| gp_{bV hmoH$a Hw$\$ Ama {~XAV (Y_ VWm earAV _|
{H$gr ZdrZ ~mV H$m g_mdoe) Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| nyU $n go `V hmo
OmEJo &
Vrgam hma {Og go AmnZo Bbm_ H$mo A` Y_m] na {dO`r H$a
{X`m VWm {OgH$s CnpW{V _| Bbm_ Ho$ g_j H$moB Y_ ga Zht CR>m
gH$Vm `h h {H$ AmnZo ggma H$m pQ>-H$moU {~Hw$b n[ad{VV H$a
{X`m h & AmnHo$ Xmdo go nyd g_V Y_m] H$s ~hg Bg ebr na hmoVr
Wr {H$ òH$ A` Y_ Ho$ AZw`m`r H$mo PyR>m R>hamVm Wm Bbm
_memAbmh & `hXr hOaV _grh H$mo, _grhr hOaV agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo, OaVVr BZ VrZm| Y_m] Ho$ Z{~`m| H$mo
VWm BZ VrZm| Y_m] Ho$ AZw`m`r OaVpV`m| Ho$ Z{~`m| H$mo & {\$a ò
Mmam| Xgar X{Z`m Ho$ g_V ~wOwJm] H$mo VWm CZ H$s H$m_m| Ho$ bmoJ BZ
Mmam| Y_m] Ho$ ~wOwJm] H$mo PyR>m R>hamVo Wo & `h ~S>o {d{M H$ma H$m
`w Wm {Og _| òH$ Om{V A` Om{V go bS> ahr Wr, naVw ~w{_mZ
`pV H$mo g_V Y_m] _| Eogo _mU {_bVo Wo {OZ go CZH$m gMm
hmoZm {g hmoVm Wm & AV: dh AmM` _| Wm {H$ g_V Y_m] Ho$
150
AXa gMmB`m nmB OmVr h Ama g_V Y_ EH$ Xgao Ho$ ~wOwJm] H$mo
PyR>m ^r H$h aho h, `h ~mV `m h ?
Bg `w H$m n[aUm_ `h Wm {H$ of ~T> ahm Wm Ama _VôX
CZ{V H$a ahm Wm & EH$ Amoa {hX AnZo ~wOwJm] H$s n[apW{V`m| H$m
A`Z H$aVo Wo VWm CZH$r Ord{Z`m| _| loR> loUr Ho$ gXmMmam| H$m
H$meb XoIVo Wo, Xgar Amoa Xgao Y_ Ho$ AZw`m`r go gwZVo Wo {H$ do PyRo>
Ama H$nQ>r Wo Vmo CZ H$mo CZH$s ~w{ na AM^m hmoVm Wm Ama do
g_PVo Wo {H$ CZ bmoJm| H$mo of Zo AYm H$a {X`m h & Xgar Amoa
A` Y_m] Ho$ bmoJ AnZo ~wOwJm] Ho$ g~Y _| {d ~mV| gwZH$a emoH$
Ama H$moY go â OmVo Wo & AV: EH$ Eogr g_`m CnZ hmo JB Wr
{OgH$m H$moB g_mYmZ Z Wm, Omo {H$gr Ho$ gwbPmZo go Z gwbPVr Wr &
Omo bmoJ of-^mdZm go [aV hmoH$a {dMma H$aVo Wo {H$ g_V ggmam| Ho$
{V nmbH$ wXm Zo {H$g H$ma AnZo ~Xm| _| go EH$ H$m_ H$mo MwZ
{b`m Ama eof H$m_m| H$mo N>moS> {X`m, naVw Bg Z H$mo VwV H$aZo
H$m H$moB gmhg Zht H$a gH$Vm, `m|{H$ `h Z CgHo$ Y_ H$mo Am_ybMyb CImS> H$a \|$H$ XoVm Wm &
{hXAm| Zo Bg g_`m H$m AnZo {dMma _| Bg H$ma g_mYmZ H$a
{b`m Wm {H$ g_V Y_ wXm H$s Amoa go h Ama CZ {^Z-{^Z _mJm]
Ho$ WmZ na h Omo EH$ _hb H$s Amoa OmVo h VWm {hX Y_ gdlo>
h, naVw g_`m H$m `h g_mYmZ ^r ggma Ho$ H$m_ H$m Z Wm `m|{H$
Bg na Xmo ~S>o ^mar Amamon hmoVo Wo {OZ H$m H$moB Cma Z Wm & EH$
Vmo `h {H$ `{X g_V Y_ AnZr dV_mZ n[apW{V _| wXm H$s Amoa go
h VWm wXm VH$ nhMmZo H$m _m`_ h Vmo {\$a CZ_| gmpVH$ _VôX
`m| h ? {ZgXoh {ddaU _| _VôX hmo gH$Vm h naVw {gmV _|
Zht & EH$ eha H$mo H$B _mJ Om gH$Vo h, naVw `h Zht hmo gH$Vm
{H$ nya~ H$s Amoa OmZo dmbo _mJm] _| go Hw$N> npM_ H$s Amoa go OmE
Ama Hw$N> Cma H$s Amoa go Ama Hw$N> X{jU H$s Amoa go & do WmoS>m-WmoS>m
MH$a Vmo Im gH$Vo h naVw OmEJo Ho$db EH$ hr Amoa H$mo & emdV
gMmB`m| _| H$^r _VôX Zht hmo gH$Vo & `h _mZm {H$ wXm Zo EH$
O_mAV H$mo EH$ H$ma H$s CnmgZm H$m AmXoe {X`m Ama Xgar O_mAV
Xm'dVwb A_ra
151
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$mo Xgao H$ma H$s CnmgZm H$m, naVw gX~w{ Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma
Zht H$a gH$Vr {H$ CgZo EH$ O_mAVi go Vmo `h H$hm {H$ _ EH$ wXm
h Ama Xgar goii H$hm {H$ _ Xmo h VWm Vrgar H$moiii ~mn, ~oQ>m Ama
$hbHw$Xg H$s {ejm Xr Ama MmWr H$mo bmIm| _y{V`m| _| wXm H$s
epV`m| H$s AmWm H$s {ejm Xr Ama nmMdtiv H$mo òH$ dVw H$m
nWH$ XodVm ~Vm`m `m `h {H$ EH$v go H$hm {H$ CgH$m ApVd
{~Hw$b n{d h, g^d Zht {H$ dh eara YmaU H$ao & Xgarvi H$mo
~Vm`m {H$ dh _mZd eara _| doe H$a gH$Vm h VWm Vrgarvii H$mo
`h ~Vm`m {H$ dh VwN> OmZdam| `hm VH$ {H$ gwAa VH$ H$s AmH${V
YmaU H$a boVm h `m CXmhaUV`m EH$viii H$mo Vmo CgZo ~Vm`m {H$ _`w
Ho$ nMmV CR>m`m OmZm g` hix Xgar H$mo ~Vm`m {H$ _`w Ho$ nMmV
CR>m`m OmZm Zht h & EH$x go H$hm {H$ _V `pV Or{dV hmoH$a
ggma _| Zht AmVo, Xgar go H$hmxi {H$ _Zw` _aZo Ho$ nMmV ZB-ZB
`mo{Z`m| _| dmng AmVm h & AVEd `h Vmo g^d h {H$ Abmh VAmbm
{d{^Z Om{V`m| H$s n[apW{V`m| H$mo XoIH$a AmXoe Omar H$a Xo, naVw
`h g^d Zht {H$ KQ>ZmE Ama emdV gMmB`m ^r {^Z-{^Z Om{V`m|
H$mo {^Z-{^Z Vma na ~VmE, naVw My{H$ dV_mZ Y_ Ho$ Ho$db AmXoem|
_| _VôX Zht A{nVw emdV gMmB`m| _| ^r _VôX h, Bg{bE BZ
g~ _mJm] H$mo wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa OmZo dmbo _mJ Zht H$h gH$Vo &
Xgam Amamon Bg AmWm na `h nS>Vm Wm {H$ {hX bmoJ EH$ Amoa
Vmo AnZo Y_ H$mo gdloR> H$hVo h Ama Xgar Amoa Cgo g~ go nwamVZ
Ama mMrZ H$hVo h & gX~w{ Bgo drH$ma Zht H$a gH$Vr {H$ Abmh
VAmbm gdloR> Y_ CVma H$a {\$a VwN> Y_ CVmao O~{H$ _Zw` AnZr
Ama{^H$ AdWm _| nyU Y_ drH$ma H$aZo H$s epV aIVm Wm Vmo {\$a
~mX H$mo kmZ Ama H$meb _| CZ{V mV H$aZo na CgH$s Amoa VwN>
Y_ CVmaZo H$m `m H$maU Wm ? ~mX H$mo Vmo dhr Y_ Am gH$Vm h
Omo nhbo go A{YH$ nyU hmo `m H$_ go H$_ dgm hr Y_ hmo &
i _wgb_mZ Ama `hXr & ii nmagr & iii BgmB & iv MrZr & v _wgb_mZm|
H$mo & vi BgmB & vii {hX & viii _wgb_mZ & ix `h{X`m| Ho$ Hw$N>
H$~rbo & x _wgb_mZ & xi {hX &
152
ò XmoZm| Amamon Eogo Wo {H$ BZ H$m Cma Bg AmWm Ho$ VwVH$Vm
go Hw$N> Z ~ZVm Wm VWm `h Amamon Wm{nV ahVm Wm {H$ wXm VAmbm
ggma Ho$ nW-XeZ hoVw ggma Ho$ ma^ go `m `dWm H$aVm Mbm
Am`m h &
BgmB`m| Zo Bg AmWm H$m `h g_mYmZ {ZH$mbm {H$ wXm Zo _grh
Ho$ _m`_ go g_V ggma H$mo _mJ-XeZ H$s Amoa ~wbm`m h & Bg{bE
Cg na {H$gr Om{V Ho$ nj boZo H$m Amamon Zht hmo gH$Vm, naVw `h
g_mYmZ ^r C{MV Z Wm `m|{H$ Bggo ^r `h Z hb Z hmoVm Wm
{H$ _grh Ho$ AmJ_Z go nyd wXm Zo ggma Ho$ _mJ-XeZ hoVw `m
`dWm H$s Wr & ~mB~b go Vmo h_| BVZm kmV hmoVm h {H$ A`
Om{V`m| Ho$ {bE CgH$s {ejm Z Wr, naVw _grh Ho$ nMmV bmoJm| Ho$
{bE `{X ma Imobm ^r J`m Vmo Cg go nyd Omo A` H$m_m| Ho$ H$amoS>m|
bmoJ JwOa JE CZHo$ _mJ-XeZ Ho$ {bE Abmh VAmbm Zo `m `dWm
H$s &
AV: `h Z AgVwQ> pW{V _| nS>m hAm Wm VWm bmoJm| Ho$ X`m|
H$mo AXa hr AXa Im ahm Wm {H$ hOaV {_Om gm{h~ Zo Hw$AmZ H$ar_
go {g H$aHo$ Bg pQ>H$moU H$mo n[ad{VV H$a {X`m Omo Cg g_` VH$
ggma _| Wm{nV Wm Ama ~Vm`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s `h {ejm h {H$
(d Bp_Z C_{VZ Bbm bm \$shm
ZOra) H$moB H$m_ Eogr Zht JwOar {Og _| h_ Zo agyb Zht ôOm &
AV: òH$ Xoe Ama òH$ H$m_ _| Abmh VAmbm Ho$ agyb JwOa MwHo$
h & h_ `h Zht H$hVo {H$ {hXVmZ Z{~`m| go a{hV Wm `m MrZ
Z{~`m| Ho$ {~Zm Wm `m $g Z{~`m| go a{hV Wm `m A\$Jm{ZVmZ {~Zm
Z{~`m| Ho$ Wm `m A\$sH$m Z{~`m| go a{hV Wm `m `yamon Z{~`m| Ho$ {~Zm
Wm AWdm A_arH$m Z{~`m| go [aV Wm, Z h_ A` H$m_m| Ho$ ~wOwJm] H$m
hmb gwZH$a CZH$m BH$ma H$aVo h Ama Z CZ H$mo PyR>m R>hamVo h,
`m|{H$ h_| Vmo `h ~Vm`m J`m h {H$ ha H$m_ _| Z~r JwOa MwHo$ h &
A` H$m_m| _| Z{~`m|, earAVm| (Ym{_H$-{dYmZm|) Ama {H$Vm~m| H$m nm`m
OmZm h_mao Y_ Ho$ {d Ama CgHo$ _mJ _| ~mYH$ Zht h A{nVw Cg_|
CgH$m g`mnZ h & hm h_ `h AmWm aIVo h {H$ g_` H$s
Xm'dVwb A_ra
153
Xm'dVwb A_ra
n[apW{V`m| Ho$ AZwgma Abmh VAmbm Zo nhbo {d{^Z H$m_m| H$s Amoa
Z~r ôOo Ama VnMmV O~ _Zw` Bg nyU earAV H$mo drH$ma H$aZo
Ho$ `mo` hmo J`m Omo _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
_m`_ go AmB Vmo Cg Zo Amn (g.A.d.) H$mo g_V ggma H$s Amoa
AdV[aV H$aHo$ ôO {X`m & AV: H$moB H$m_ ^r _mJ-XeZ go d{MV
Zht ahr VWm ~mdOyX BgHo$ {H$ Bbm_ hr Bg g_` _mJ-XeZ H$m
_m`_ h `m|{H$ `h ApV_ Ama nyU Y_ h & O~ nyU Y_ Am J`m
Vmo nydH$mbrZ Y_ {ZaV {H$E JE VWm CZH$mo {ZaV {H$E OmZo H$m
EH$ bjU `h ^r h {H$ A~ Abmh VAmbm Zo CZH$s gwajm `mJ Xr,
CZ_| A~ _mZdr` hVjon hmoVm ahVm h VWm do g` go H$mogm| Xa Om
nS>o h VWm CZHo$ $n {dH$V hmo MwHo$ h & do gMo h AnZo ma^ H$s
pQ> go Ama PyR>o h AnZo dV_mZ $n H$s pQ> go & EH$ pQ>H$moU Omo
Amn(A) Zo Wm{nV {H$`m Eogm h {H$ Cg go H$moB `pV nrN>o Zht hQ>
gH$Vm `m|{H$ `{X Bg _yb H$mo drH$ma Z {H$`m OmE Vmo drH$ma H$aZm
nS>Vm h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Hw$N> bmoJm| H$m nW-XeZ H$aVm h Ama
Hw$N> H$mo nW-XeZ Ho$ gm_mZ CnZ H$aZo Ho$ {~Zm `m| hr N>moS> XoVm
h & Bgo gX~w{ drH$ma Zht H$aVr Ama `{X dh Bg _yb H$mo drH$ma
H$a b| Vmo Ch| Bbm_ H$s gMmB H$mo _mZZm nS>Vm h, `m|{H$ Bbm_
g~ go ApV_ Y_ h Ama Bg{bE ^r {H$ Bbm_ hr Zo Bg ghr Ama
C{MV _yb H$mo ggma Ho$ g_j VwV {H$`m h &
`h hma Eogm epVembr h {H$ {e{jV dJ Ama {demb
{dMmaYmam dmbm dJ Omo Mmho {H$gr Y_ go g~Y aIVm hmo Bg go
^m{dV hE {~Zm Zht ah gH$Vm & `m|{H$ `{X Bg _yb H$mo Omo hOaV
AH$Xg(A) Zo VwV {H$`m h `mJ X| Vmo gmW hr wXm VAmbm H$mo ^r
`mJZm nS>Vm h Ama `h do H$a Zht gH$Vo Ama `{X do Bg _yb H$mo
drH$ma H$a b| Vmo {\$a Bbm_ H$mo ^r drH$ma H$aZm nS>Vm h & BgHo$
A{V[aV CZHo$ {bE Ama H$moB Cnm` Zht & AV: ggma Ho$ pQ>H$-H$moU
H$mo Omo nyd _| AV`V gH$sU Wm n[ad{VV H$a XoZo go hOaV _grh
_mD$X(A) Zo Bbm_ H$s {dO` H$m EH$ {ddgZr` gm_mZ CnbY H$a
{X`m h &
154
MmWm hma Bbm_ H$s {dO` Ho$ {bE AmnZo `moJ {H$`m, {OgZo
Bbm_ Ho$ {d g_V ~hgm| Ho$ H$_ H$mo n[ad{VV H$a {X`m h VWm
A` Y_mdbp~`m| Ho$ hmoe CS>m {XE h `h h {H$ Amn(A) Zo Abmh
VAmbm Ho$ _mJ-XeZ go M{bV H$bm_ Ho$ kmZ H$mo n[ad{VV H$a {X`m
VWm CgHo$ Eogo {Z`_ {ZYm[aV {H$E {H$ Z Vmo ew BH$ma H$a gH$Vm h
Ama Z CZHo$ AZwgma Bbm_ Ho$ g_j R>ha gH$Vm h & `{X dh BZ
{Z`_m| H$m IS>Z H$aVm h V~ ^r _aVm h Ama `{X drH$ma H$aVm h
V~ ^r _aVm h & Z nbm`Z _| Cgo _wpV {XImB XoVr h Z _wH$m~bo
_| gwajm &
Amn(A) go nyd AmbmoMZm Ama ~hg H$s n{V `h Wr {H$ EH$
gX` Xgao gX` na Omo MmhVm Wm Eo{VamO H$aVm Mbm OmVm Wm VWm
AnZo gX^ _| Omo MmhVm Wm H$hVm Mbm OmVm Wm & `h ~mV nQ>
h {H$ O~ emmW H$m jo Agr{_V hmo OmE Vmo emmW H$m n[aUm_
Hw$N> Zht {ZH$b gH$Vm & O~ Hw$N> gdma XmS>Zo bJVo h Vmo Hw$N> {Z`_m|
Ho$ AZwgma XmS>Vo h V~ H$ht OrVZo dmbo H$m kmZ hmoVm h & `{X H$moB
{H$gr Amoa H$mo Ama A` H$moB {H$gr Amoa H$mo XmS> OmE Vmo `m kmV hmo
gH$Vm h {H$ H$mZ {dO`r ahm & Bg H$ma XmS>Zo dmbm| Ho$ g~Y _| h_
H$^r ^r C{MV am` Wm{nV Zht H$a gH$Vo & Bgr H$ma Ym{_H$ ImoO
Ho$ _m_bo _| O~ VH$ {Z`_ Ama gr_m {ZYm[aV Z hmo am` Wm{nV
Zht H$s Om gH$Vr & nyd _| `h n{V Wr {H$ òH$ `pV H$mo Omo
~mV AN>r kmV hB Mmho {H$gr {H$Vm~ _| nT>r hmo AnZo Y_ H$s Amoa
g~ H$a {X`m Ama H$h {X`m {H$ XoImo h_mao Y_ H$s {ejm {H$VZr
AN>r h & _yb Y_ Ho$ g~Y _| H$moB dmVmbmn hr Zht hmoVm Wm A{nVw
{dmZm| Ama ~hg H$aZo dmbm| Ho$ `pVJV {dMmam| na dmVm hmoVr ahVr
Wr & n[aUm_ `h {ZH$bVm Wm {H$ g` Ho$ A{^bm{f`m| H$mo {ZU` H$aZo
H$m Adga hr mV Z hmoVm Wm & Amn(A) Zo AmH$a ~hg H$s Bg
n{V H$s ^br ^m{V `m`m H$aHo$ JbV {g {H$`m Ama ~Vm`m {H$
`{X wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go AmZo dmbr nwVH$ h_mao _mJ-XeZ hoVw
AmB h Vmo Mm{hE {H$ dh h_ go Omo Hw$N> drH$ma H$amZm MmhVr h
Cg_| dh ^r {d_mZ hmo Ama {OZ g~yVm| mam drH$ma H$amZm MmhVr
Xm'dVwb A_ra
155
Xm'dVwb A_ra
h do ^r Cg_| {d_mZ hm|, `m|{H$ `{X wXm H$m H$bm_ Xmdo Ama
g~yVm| go {~Hw$b [aV h Vmo {\$a BgH$m h_| `m bm^ h ? Ama `{X
Xmdm ^r h_ VwV H$aVo h Ama g~yV ^r h_ hr XoVo h Vmo {\$a wXm
Ho$ H$bm_ H$m `m bm^ ? Ama h_mam Y_ Abmh H$m Y_ H$hbmZo H$m
H$~ nm h dh Vmo h_mam Y_ hAm VWm Abmh H$m h_ na H$moB
CnH$ma Zht hAm {H$ h_Zo hr CgHo$ Y_ hoVw Xmdo {ZYm[aV {H$E VWm
h_Zo hr CZ Xmdm| Ho$ g~yV CnbY {H$E & AV: Amd`H$ h {H$
Ym{_H$ ImoO Ama AdofU Ho$ g_` `h ~mV pQ> _| aIr OmE {H$
AmH$mer` Y_m] Ho$ XmdoXma Omo Xmdm AnZo Y_m] H$s Amoa go VwV H$ao
dh ^r CZH$s AmH$mer` {H$Vm~m| go hmo Ama Omo ^r g~yV VwV H$a| do
^r Cht {H$Vm~m| go hm| &
`h _yb BVZm epVembr Wm {H$ A` Y_ BgH$m H$Xm{n BH$ma
Zht H$a gH$Vo Wo, `m|{H$ `{X do H$hVo {H$ Zht h_ Eogm Zht H$a
gH$Vo Vmo Cg H$m AW `h hmoVm {H$ Omo Y_ do dUZ H$aVo h dh Y_
dh Zht h Omo CZH$s AmH$mer` {H$Vm~m| _| dUZ hAm h `m|{H$ `{X
dhr Y_ h Vmo {\$a `m| do AnZr AmH$mer` {H$Vm~ go CZ H$m Xmdm
dUZ Zht H$a gH$Vo AWdm `{X Xmdm dUZ H$a gH$Vo h Vmo `m| CZH$s
AmH$mer` {H$Vm~ g~yV go Imbr h & O~ wXm VAmbm Zo _Zw` Ho$
_pVH$ H$mo Eogm CnZ {H$`m h {H$ dh {~Zm g~yV Ho$ {H$gr ~mV H$mo
drH$ma Zht H$a gH$Vm Vmo `m| dh Cgo B_mZ H$s ~mV| ~VmVo g_`
Eogo g~yV Zht XoVm {OZ H$s ghm`Vm go dh CZ ~mVm| H$mo drH$ma H$a
gHo$ & AVEd A` Y_m] Ho$ bmoJ Cg _yb H$m Z IS>Z H$a gH$Vo Wo,
`m|{H$ CZHo$ IS>Z H$aZo H$m AW `h Wm {H$ CZHo$ Y_ {~Hw$b AnyU
Ama ~oH$ma h, Ama Z drH$ma H$a gH$Vo Wo `m|{H$ ho ~mXemh ! Amn
H$mo `h kmV H$aHo$ AmM` hmoJm {H$ O~ Bg _yb Ho$ AVJV A` Y_m]
H$m narjU {H$`m J`m Vmo kmV hAm {H$ CZ Ho$ bJ^J Zdo {VeV
Xmdo Eogo Wo Omo CZH$s Bhm_r {H$Vm~m| _| Zht nmE OmVo Wo, {OVZo Xmdo
Ym{_H$ {H$Vm~m| go {ZH$bVo Wo CZ _| bJ^J eV {VeV hr g~yVm| Ho$
{~Zm dUZ {H$E JE Wo Ogo wXm Zo EH$ ~mV ~VmH$a _Zw` na N>moS>
{X`m Wm {H$ dh AnZr dH$mbV go CgH$s ~mV H$mo {g H$ao &
156
hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo {g H$a {X`m {H$ {d{^Z Y_m] Ho$ AZw`m`r
AnZo X` go ~mV| ~Zm ~Zm H$a `m BYa-CYa go {dMmam| H$mo Mwam H$a
AnZo Y_ go g~ H$a XoVo h VWm CZ Y_m] H$s loR>Vm na ~hg|
H$aHo$ bmoJm| H$m g_` ZQ> H$aVo h, `m|{H$ `{X do AnZr ~mV H$mo {g
^r H$a X| Vmo Bg go `h n[aUm_ Vmo {ZH$b AmEJm {H$ BZ g_`mAm|
Ho$ gX^ _| CZHo$ {dMma C{MV h naVw `h n[aUm_ Zht {ZH$boJm {H$
CZ H$m Y_ ^r gMm h, `m|{H$ dh ~mV CZ H$s Ym{_H$ nwVH$ _|
nmB hr Zht OmVr {\$a Amn Zo `h {g {H$`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Bbm_
Ho$ g_V {Z`_m| H$mo d` VwV H$aVm h VWm CZ H$s gMmB Ho$
g~yV ^r XoVm h VWm CZ Ho$ _mU _| AmnZo gH$S>m| _m_bm| Ho$ g~Y
_| Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m Xmdm VWm CgHo$ g~yV VwV H$aHo$ AnZr ~mV H$mo
H$me_mZ {XZ H$s ^m{V {g H$a {X`m VWm Bbm_ Ho$ ew Amn Ho$
_wH$m~bo go {~Hw$b Ag_W hmo JE Ama do Bg hma go BVZo K~am JE
h {H$ CZH$mo AmO VH$ H$moB ~hmZm Zht {_b gH$m {Og go CZ Ho$
AmKmV go ~M gH|$ Ama Z ^{d` _| mV hmo gH$Vm h & `h H$bm_
H$m kmZ Eogm nyU Ama loR> h {H$ Z CgH$m BH$ma {H$`m Om gH$Vm h
Ama Z CgH$s CnpW{V _| PyR> H$m g_WZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h & AV:
`m|-`m| Bg hma H$m `moJ {H$`m OmEJm _m`VmAm| H$mo ^wbm MwHo$ Y_m]
Ho$ {V{Z{Y Ym{_H$ emmWm| Ama ~hgm| go Or MwamEJo VWm CZHo$
AZw`m{``m| na AnZo Y_ H$s H$_Omoar nQ> hmoVr OmEJr Ama
({b`wphah AbrZo Hw$pbhr) H$m ` ggma
AnZr AmIm| go XoIoJm &
nmMdm hma Omo hOaV AH$Xg {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X Ab{hgbmVmo
d gbm_ Zo {H$`m {Og go A` Y_m] Ho$ PS>m| H$mo nyUV`m ZV_VH$
H$a {X`m VWm Bbm_ H$mo Eogr {dO` XmZ H$s {H$ {OgH$m H$moB `pV
BH$ma hr Zht H$a gH$Vm, `h h {H$ Amn Zo ~S>r ~bVm go Bbm_
Ho$ ewAm| Ho$ g_j `h ~mV VwV H$s {H$ Y_ H$m _yb Co` Abmh
VAmbm go g~Y CnZ H$aZm h & AV: dhr Y_ gMm hmo gH$Vm h
Ama dV_mZ `wJ _| wXm VAmbm H$m {MH$a Y_ H$hbm gH$Vm h Omo
~Xo H$m wXm VAmbm go g~Y CnZ H$am gHo$ VWm Bg g~Y Ho$ bjU
Xm'dVwb A_ra
157
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{XIm gHo$ & h_ XoIVo h {H$ ggma _| N>moQ>r go N>moQ>r dVw H$m ^r Hw$N>
Z Hw$N> ^md hmoVm h & ApZ `{X eara H$mo bJVr h `m Cg Ho$
{ZH$Q> hr h_ ~R>Vo h Vmo eara `m Vmo Ob OmVm h `m Vmn H$s
AZw^y{V H$aVm h, nmZr h_ nrVo h Vmo h_mar AmV[aH$ J_u Ho$ VwaV
Xa hmo OmZo Ho$ A{V[aV h_mao _wI_S>b go AmZX Ama erVbVm Ho$
bjU H$Q> hmoZo bJVo h, Cm_ ^moOZ ImE Vmo eara _moQ>m hmoZo bJVm
h, `m`m_ H$aZo bJ| Vmo eara ~{bR> hmoZo bJVm h VWm D$Om Ama
epV mV hmoVr h & Bgr H$ma XdmAm| H$m ^md hmoVm h {H$ H$^r
hm{ZH$maH$ Vmo H$^r bm^Xm`H$ hmoVm h, naVw `h {d{M ~mV hmoJr
{H$ `{X Abmh VAmbm H$m g~Y {~Hw$b {Z^mdr {g hmo, CgmgZm
H$aVo-H$aVo h_mar ZmH|$ {Kg OmE VWm Cndmg (amoOo) aIVo-aIVo noQ>
nrR> go bJ OmE, OH$mV Ama XmZ XoVo-XoVo h_mao _mb g_mV hmo OmE,
naVw h_mao AXa H$moB n[adVZ CnZ Zht VWm BZ H$m`m] H$m H$moB
n[aUm_ Z {ZH$bo & `{X `h ~mV h Vmo {\$a Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g~Y
H$m bm^ `m Ama CgH$s h_| Amd`H$Vm `m ? EH$ {ZZVa Ho$
A{YH$mar go h_mao g~Y H$m bjU Vmo H$Q> hmo OmVm h {H$ Cg H$s
g^m _| h_| g_mZ {_bVm h CgHo$ AYrZW h_mam AmXa H$aZo bJVo
h, dh h_mar `mMZmAm| H$mo gwZVm h VWm h_mao H$Q>m| H$m {ZdmaU
H$aVm h Ama òH$ `pV Bg ~mV H$mo _hgyg H$a boVm h {H$ h_
CgHo$ _m` Ama {` h, naVw `{X Hw$N> nVm Zht bJ gH$Vm Vmo
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g~Y H$m {H$ Z CgH$m Hw$N> ^md h_mao X` na
nS>Vm h Z h_mao g~Ym| na & h_ dgo Ho$ dgo hr ahVo h Ogo {H$
nyd _| Wo &
AV: Amn(A) Zo {g {H$`m {H$ Or{dV Y_ _| ò bjU nmE OmZo
Mm{hE {H$ Cg H$m nmbZ H$aZo dmbm wXm VAmbm H$mo mV H$a gHo$
VWm Cg H$m {ZH$Q>dVu hmo gHo$ & wXm VAmbm Ho$ gm{Z` mV bmoJm|
_| CgH$m gm{Z` nm boZo Ho$ Hw$N> bjU hmoZo Mm{hE & AV: Mm{hE {H$
òH$ Y_ Ho$ bmoJ nana EH$ Xgao na hma H$aZo Ho$ WmZ na AnZo
Am`mp_H$ OrdZ H$m _mU X| VWm AnZo wXm Ho$ gm{Z` mV hmoZo
H$mo KQ>ZmAm| go {g H$a| VWm Eogo bmoJm| H$mo VwV H$a| {Ohm|Zo CZ
158
Y_m] H$m nmbZ H$aHo$ wXm go g~Y Wm{nV {H$`m hmo VWm CgHo$ {_bZ
H$m `mbm {n`m hmo & {\$a Omo Y_ Bg _mnXS> Ho$ AZwgma gMm hmo
CgH$mo drH$ma H$a {b`m OmE A`Wm {ZmU eara g_P H$a CgH$mo
d` go Xa \|$H$m OmE {H$ dh Xgao H$mo Zht CR>m gH$Vm A{nVw CgH$mo
CR>mZm nS>Vm h & Eogm Y_ bm^ nhMmZo Ho$ WmZ na hm{Z nhMmEJm
VWm Bg ggma _| bpOV H$aoJm Ama nabmoH$ _| H$mon JV &
Amn(A) H$m `h Xmdm Eogm Wm {H$ H$moB ~w{_mZ `pV CgH$m
IS>Z Zht H$a gH$Vm Wm & Bg Xmdo Ho$ gmW hr A` Y_mdbp~`m| na
{~Obr {Jar VWm do AnZo g_mZ H$s gwajm H$s {MVm _| bJ JE &
AmnZo ~S>r T>Vm go KmofUm H$s {H$ Bg H$ma Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ bjU Ho$db
Bbm_ _| nmE OmVo h, A` Y_ Bg _mnXS> na H$Xm{n nyao Zht CVa
gH$Vo & `{X {H$gr H$mo BgHo$ {d Xmdm h Vmo _oao _wH$m~bo na AmH$a
XoI bo, naVw ~mdOyX dm{^_mZ na MmoQ> H$aZo Ho$ H$moB _wH$m~bo na Z
Am`m Ama AmVm ^r {H$g H$ma ? Hw$N> AXa hmoVm Vmo AmVm & Jbm
\$mS>Zo Ama {Mbm-{Mbm H$a `h emoa H$aZo Ho$ {bE Vmo ghm| bmoJ
V`ma hmo OmEJo {H$ h_mam Y_ gMm h naVw wXm Ho$ o_ Ama Cg Ho$
g~Y H$m _mU XoZm Vmo {H$gr Ho$ A{YH$ma _| Zht, wXm H$m o_ Vmo
`m wXm go EH$ AWm`r g~Y ^r {OZ bmoJm| H$m Z hmo do wXm Ho$
g~Y H$m `m _mU X| &
Amn(A) Zo {hXAm| H$mo ^r Eogm {Z_U {X`m Ama BgmB`m| H$mo ^r
Ama `h{X`m| H$mo ^r Ama A` g_V Y_m] H$mo ^r, naVw H$moB Bg
hma H$mo ghZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE V`ma Z hAm & {^Z-{^Z Cnm`m| go
Ama {^Z-{^Z Adgam| na Amn(A) Zo bmoJm| H$mo o[aV {H$`m naVw
gXmE ~a ZmV & EH$ ~ma nOm~ Ho$ bmS> {~en H$mo Amn Zo
MwZmVr Xr {H$ _oao _wH$m~bo na AmH$a XAm H$s drH$m[aVm H$m {ZemZ
XoImo & Vwhmar {H$Vm~m| _| ^r {bIm h {H$ Vw_ _| `{X EH$ amB Ho$
XmZo Ho$ ~am~a B_mZ hmo Vmo Vw_ ndVm| go H$hmo {H$ Mbmo Vmo do MbZo
bJ|Jo Ama h_mar {H$Vm~| ^r _mo{_Zm| H$s ghm`Vm, g_WZ Ama CZ
H$s XAmAm| H$s drH$m[aVm H$m AmdmgZ XoVr h & AVEd Vw_ _oao
_wH$m~bo na AmH$a {H$gr _m_bo Ho$ gX^ _| XAm H$aHo$ XoImo Vm{H$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
159
Xm'dVwb A_ra
kmV hmo OmE {H$ Abmh VAmbm Bbm_ Ho$ AZwgma OrdZ `VrV
H$aZo dmbm| H$s XAmE _wH$m~bo Ho$ g_` gwZVm h AWdm CZH$s XAmE
gwZVm h Vmo BgmB`V H$s {ejm H$m AZwgaU H$aVo hm|, naVw ~ma-~ma
MwZmVr XoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX bmS> {~en gm{h~ Im_moe aho VWm CZ H$s
Im_moer Eogr {d{M kmV hmoVr Wr {H$ Hw$N> AJoOr g_mMma nm| Zo
^r CZ na MmoQ> H$s {H$ BVZo ^mar-^mar doVZ mV H$aZo dmbo nmXar
O~ H$moB _wH$m~bo H$m g_` AmVm h Vmo gm_Zo AmH$a _wH$m~bm `m|
Zht H$aVo, naVw Z A` bmoJm| H$s MwZmVr Zo nmXar gm{h~ H$mo
_wH$m~bo Ho$ {bE Cgm{hV {H$`m Ama Z AnZm| H$s ^gZm Zo & do
hrbm|-~hmZm| go Bg `mbo H$mo Q>mbVo hr aho &
Bg H$ma Ho$ Mb|O Amn Zo Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| H$mo {ZaVa {XE
naVw H$moB `pV _wH$m~bo na Z Am`m & Amn H$m `h hma Eogm h
{H$ òH$ ~w{_mZ VWm {ddoH$erb `pV na Bg H$m ^md hmoJm Ama
`m|-`m| bmoJ AnZo Y_ Ho$ {Z^mdr hmoZo Ama Bbm_ Ho$ Or{dV Ama
^mdr hmoZo H$mo XoI|Jo, CZ na Bbm_ H$s gMmB H$Q> hmoVr OmEJr,
`m|{H$ ~hgm| _| _Zw` ~mV| ~Zm H$a g` H$mo Nw>nm gH$Vm h, naVw
AdbmoH$Z Ama ^md Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| Cg go H$moB ~hmZm Zht ~Z gH$Vm
Ama AVV: X` g` H$m {eH$ma hmo hr OmVm h & `h hma ^r
BemAbmh Y_ Ho$ H$Q>rH$aU Ho$ {bE A`V epVembr Ama g~ go
^mdH$mar hma {g hmoJm A{nVw òH$ ~w{_mZ `pV Ho$ {ZH$Q> Bg
hma Ho$ _m`_ go Bbm_ ~m{H$ Vma na {dO`r hmo MwH$m h, `{n
^m{VH$ n[aUm_ Hw$N> g_` nMmV {ZH$b| &
ò nmM hma hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| na MbmE h &
_Zo ~Vma CXmhaU VwV {H$E h {OZ go kmV hmo gH$Vm h {H$ Omo
H$m_ _grh _mD$X Ho$ {bE Wm dh Amn H$a MwHo$ h Ama `{X Amn(A)
_grh _mD$X Zht h Vmo {\$a Z CnZ hmoVm h {H$ A~ H$mZ gm
H$m` ahVm h Omo _grh _mD$X AmH$a H$aoJm ? `m `h {H$ Vbdma go
bmoJm| H$mo Y_ _| gp_{bV H$amEJm & Vbdma go gp_{bV {H$E hE
bmoJ Bbm_ H$mo `m bm^ nhMmEJo ? VWm d` CZH$mo Bg ~bmV
B_mZ go `m bm^ hmoJm ? `{X BgmB AmO AnZr epV Ho$ Zeo _|
160
_wgb_mZm| H$mo ~bnydH$ BgmB ~ZmZo bJ| Vmo CZHo$ g~Y _| òH$ g`
`pV AnZo X` _| `m H$hoJm ? `{X CZHo$ Bg H$m_ H$mo h_ JXo go
JXm H$m_ g_P|Jo Vmo `m| Bgr H$ma H$m H$m_ `{X _grh _mD$X H$a|Jo
Vmo dh ^r Eo{VamO `mo` Z hm|Jo ? {ZM` hr Bbm_ _| Vbdma mam
bmoJm| H$mo gp_{bV H$aZm Bbm_ Ho$ {bE hm{ZH$maH$ {g hmoJm Z {H$
bm^H$mar & dh òH$ g`, gwerb Ama dV d^md `pV H$mo
Bbm_ go KUm CnZ H$a XoJm & AV: Vbdma MbmZo Ho$ {bE _grh
Ho$ AmJ_Z H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht & CZH$m `hr H$m` hmo gH$Vm h {H$
dh VH$m] mam Bbm_ H$mo {dO`r H$a| & Ama {_Om gm{h~ g~yVm| Ama
AdbmoH$Zm| Ho$ g_WZ go Bbm_ H$mo A` Y_m] na {dO`r H$a MwHo$
h & A~ Bg H$m` H$m H$moB ^mJ eof Zht ahm {H$ _grh AmH$a H$a| &
AV: {_Om gm{h~ hr _grh _mD$X h & `m|{H$ Chm|Zo dh H$m`
H$aHo$ {XIm {X`m Omo _grh _mD$X Ho$ {bE {ZYm[aV Wm &
`hm em`X `h H$hm OmE [H$ g~yV Vmo nhbo ^r {d_mZ Wo {\$a
`h `m|H$a g_Pm OmE {H$ {_Om gm{h~ Zo Bbm_ H$mo A` Y_m] na
{dO`r H$a {X`m Vmo BgH$m Cma `h h {H$ `{X Vbdma CnbY hmo
Ama Cg H$m MbmZo dmbm CnbY Z hmo Vmo Zht H$h gH$Vo {H$ ew
nam{OV hmo OmEJm & ew Vmo V^r nam{OV hmoJm O~ Cg Vbdma H$m
MbmZo dmbm {d_mZ hmo & `hm Vmo Bbm_ H$m `h hmb Wm {H$ g~yVm|
H$s Vbdma CnbY Wr, naVw bmoJ Ho$db `hr Zht {H$ Vbdma MbmZm
Zht OmZVo Wo A{nVw Bg ~mV go ^r An[a{MV Wo {H$ Vbdma CnbY
h & `h hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$m hr H$m` Wm {H$ AmnZo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s
g_P Abmh VAmbm go mV H$aHo$ Bbm_ H$s {dO` Ho$ CZ g~yVm|
H$mo Omo Bg `wJ Ho$ g~Y _| Wo {ZH$mbm Ama {\$a CZ g~yVm| H$mo A`
Y_m] Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| `moJ {H$`m VWm Xgao bmoJm| H$mo CZHo$ `moJ H$s
{ejm Xr & AV: AmnHo$ AmJ_Z go hr Bbm_ {dO`r hAm A`Wm {Og
H$ma VmonMr Ho$ A^md _| Vmon d` AnZr goZm Ho$ {bE hm{ZH$maH$
hmoVr h, Bgr ^m{V Hw$AmZ H$ar_ AnZo kmZr Ho$ A^md _| _wgb_mZm| Ho$
{bE hm{ZH$maH$ {g hmo ahm Wm VWm Cgr Ho$ JbV `moJ go do _a
aho Wo Ama ZQ> hmo aho Wo, naVw hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ Zo Xmdm
Xm'dVwb A_ra
161
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{H$`m Vmo {\$a Bg H$bm_ Ho$ do ^md H$Q> hE Ama AmnZo Eogo g~yVm|
Ho$ gmW Bbm_ H$s Amoa go ewAm| H$m _wH$m~bm {H$`m {H$ _wH$m~bm
H$aZm Vmo nWH$ ahm, AnZr gwajm H$aZm ^r CZHo$ {bE H${R>Z hmo
J`m & Hw$N> Vmo CZ_| go gaH$ma Ho$ AmJo {MbmZo bJo {H$ dh ~bnydH$
hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$mo Bg _wH$m~bo go amoH$ Xo & Bg H$ma MT>o hE {XZ
H$s Vah {g hmo J`m {H$ A~ Bbm_ _m`VmAm| H$mo ^wbm MwHo$ Y_m]
na {dO`r hmoH$a ahoJm Ama AOJa H$s ^m{V CZ H$mo {ZJb OmEJm &
nmMdm g~yV
Y_ H$m ZdrZrH$aU
hOaV {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Ho$ Xmdo H$s
gMmB na nmMdm g~yV `h h {H$ Amn Zo Bbm_ H$m AmV[aH$ gwYma
^r Bg $n _| H$a {X`m h {H$ {Og $n _| CgH$m gwYma _grh VWm
_hXr Ho$ gwnwX Wm AV: kmV hAm {H$ Amn hr _grh _mD$X h &
_oao {ZH$Q> CZ _mb{d`m| Ho$ A{V[aV Omo ~hg Ama emmW Ho$
H$maU hR> Ama of H$m {eH$ma hmo JE h, eof g^r {e{jV bmoJ Bg
~mV H$mo drH$ma H$a|Jo {H$ AmO Bbm_ dh Bbm_ Zht ahm Omo agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ g_` _| Wm & òH$ `pV H$m
X` _hgyg H$aVm h {H$ Bbm_ _| H$moB H$_r Am JB h Ama `h
XoIVo hE {H$ `m Vmo dh g_` Wm {H$ Abmh VAmbm Hw$AmZ H$ar_
(~_m
_| \$a_mVm h `dbOrZm H$\$$ bm H$mZy _wpb_rZ) A{YH$me ~ma H$m{\$a ^r
MmhVo h {H$ H$me ! do _wgb_mZ hmoVo VWm Eogr loR> loUr H$s {ejm
H$m AZwgaU H$aVo Ama `m AmO `h g_` h {H$ Bbm_ g~ Ho$
Amamonm| H$m nm ~Z ahm h & Xgam| H$mo Vmo Cg Zo `m gmdZm XoZm
Wr d` _wgb_mZm| _| go {e{jV dJ Cg Ho$ ~hV go _m_bm| na eH$m
Ama gXoh aIVo h & H$moB CgH$s gmmpVH$ {ejm na Eo{VamO H$aVm
h, H$moB CgH$s Z{VH$ {ejm na XmofmamonU H$aVm h, H$moB CgH$s
162
`dhm[aH$Vm na {MpVV & dh {ddmg Ama T>Vm A~ dh CnZ
Zht H$aVm Omo AmO go nyd AnZo AZw`m{``m| Ho$ X`m| _| CnZ {H$`m
H$aVm Wm Ama Bgr H$maU go Bbm_ Ho$ {bE bmoJ Cg ~{bXmZ Ho$
{bE ^r V`ma Zht {OgHo$ {bE do nyd _| V`ma hAm H$aVo Wo & A~
VrZ ~mVm| _| go EH$ Ad` _mZZm hmoJr & `m Vmo `h {H$ Bbm_ Ho$
^md Ho$ g~Y _| Omo Hw$N> dUZ {H$`m OmVm h dh EH$ H$hmZr go
A{YH$ _hd Zht aIVm & ~wOwJm] Ho$ gX^ _| VH$mbrZ bmoJm| H$s
gX^mdZm h Ama Hw$N> ^r Zht & `m `h _mZZm hmoJm {H$ Bbm_ H$m
AmOH$b H$moB AZwgaU hr Zht H$aVm `m `h {H$ Bbm_ _| hr
n[adVZ Am J`m h Bg{bE A~ Cg H$m nmbZ H$aZm Hw$N> bm^X Zht
hmoVm Ama ApV_ ~mV hr C{MV h `m|{H$ nyd `wJ _| Omo BgH$m ^md
Wm dh [adm`Vm| go hr {g Zht & ggma Ho$ Mmam| H$moZm| _| Bbm_ Ho$
bjU Bg CZ{V Ho$ gmjr h Omo Bbm_ H$m AZwgaU H$aZo Ho$ H$maU
_wgb_mZm| H$mo mV hB Wr Ama `h ^r Zht {H$ AmOH$b H$moB Bbm_
H$m nmbZ Zht H$aVm, Bbm_ H$m Omo AW bmoJ g_PVo h CgH$m
nmbZ ^r H$aVo h & Hw$N> bmoJ {MbmH$er (Mmbrg {XZ VH$ {H$gr
EH$mVdmg _| ~R>H$a _ nT>Zm `m On H$aZm) H$aVo-H$aVo AnZo mU
`mJ XoVo h, naVw Ch| Hw$N> ^r mV Zht hmoVm & AVEd EH$ hr
~mV ah JB Ama dhr _yb H$maU h {H$ Bbm_ H$m AW bmoJm| Ho$
_pVH$ _| n[ad{VV hmo J`m h Ama agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ H$WZmZwgma (b_ `H$m
{_Zb Bbm_o Bbm B_moh) AmO Bbm_ H$m Ho$db Zm_ eof ah
J`m h VWm Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ `wJ go Xar Ho$
H$maU bmoJm| Zo Bbm_ Ho$ __ H$mo {~Hw$b n[ad{VV H$a {X`m h Ama
A~ dV_mZ $n _| AnZo AZw`m{``m| Ho$ AXa dh n[adVZ CnZ
H$aZo go Ag_W h Omo nyd _| CnZ {H$`m H$aVm Wm Ama dV_mZ
$n _| A` Y_mdbp~`m| Ho$ X`m| na ^r Hw$N> ^md Zht S>mb
gH$Vm Ama `{n H$^r-H$^r CgHo$ {_Q>o hE IS>ha {H$gr ZoH$
d^md dmbo `pV Ho$ X` H$mo g` H$s Amoa \o$a X|, naVw ~Vma
{Z`_ A~ BgH$m dh ^md Zht Omo nhbo hAm H$aVm Wm &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
163
Xm'dVwb A_ra
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ H$bm_ go ^r Bg ~mV
H$m g`mnZ hmoVm h & Amn \$a_mVo h {H$ -
(VV[aH$mo C_Vr Abm gbm{gZ d gBZm {_bVZ

Hw$bmoh_ {\$Zmao Bbm dm{hXVZ - H$mby _Z {h`m `m agybbmho
H$mbm _m AZm Abho d Ahm~r) AWmV EH$ `wJ Eogm AmEJm {H$
_oar C_V {Vhma gXm`m| ({\$aH$m|) _| ~Q> OmEJr, CZ_| go EH$ Ho$
A{V[aV eof g~ ApZ _| S>mbo OmEJo & bmoJm| Zo nyN>m {H$ ho Abmh
Ho$ agyb ! do H$mZ bmoJ hm|Jo Omo g` na hm|Jo & Amn (g.A.d.) Zo
\$a_m`m {H$ do bmoJ Omo Bg _mJ na hm|Jo {Og na _ Ama _oao
ghm~m h &
Bgr H$ma Amn \$a_mVo h {H$ -
(`m A`mohZmgmo wOy {_ZbB_o H$bm A`w~Ob B_mo d

H$bm A`wa\$Cb B_mo - H$sbm `m agybbmho H$\$m `wa\$Cb
B_mo d hmObHw$AmZmo ~Zm AOh[aZm \$H$mbm A` gH$bVH$m
C_wH$m d hmOb`hXmo dZgmam ~Zm AOh[a{h_wb_gm{h\$mo b_
`wp~h `VAbHy$Zm {~h\}$ {__m OmAVh_ {~hr A{~`mAmoh_
Abm d BZm Ohm~b B_o A`h~m h_bVmoh gbmgm _am{VZ) &
AWmV ho bmoJmo ! kmZ mV H$amo nyd BgHo$ {H$ kmZ CR>m {b`m OmE &
nyN>m J`m {H$ ho Abmh Ho$ agyb ! kmZ {H$g H$ma CR>m {b`m OmEJm
? hmbm{H$ Hw$AmZ h_mao nmg _mOyX h & Amn (g.A.d.) Zo \$a_m`m
164
Bgr H$ma hmoJm "Voar _m VwP na emoH$ H$ao' `m XoIVo Zht {H$ `hXr
Ama BgmB`m| Ho$ nmg {H$Vm~| _mOyX h naVw do Cg [ejm Ho$ gmW Hw$N>
^r g~Y Zht aIVo Omo CZ Ho$ nJ~a (Z~r) bmE Wo & gwZmo ! kmZ
Bg H$ma OmVm h {H$ {dmZ (kmZr) ggma go JwOa OmVo h & AmnZo
`h dm` VrZ ~ma dUZ {H$`m &
Bg hXrg go kmV hmoVm h {H$ EH$ g_` C_Vo _wh_{X`m
(_wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s C_V) A`V ^`mZH$ pW{V
H$mo YmaU H$aZo dmbr h, O~ {H$ kmZ ggma go CR> OmEJm, naVw gmW
hr `h ^r {d{XV hmoVm h {H$ Cg g_` EH$ gXm` Eogm hmoJm Omo
g` na hmoJm Ama dh gXm` hmoJm Omo ghm~m Ho$ aJ _| aJrZ hmoJm &
hXrgm| go kmV hmoVm h {H$ ghm~m(a{O.) Ho$ aJ _| aJrZ Ho$db _grh
_mD$X H$s O_mAV h `m|{H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
\$a_mVo h {H$ _ Zht OmZVm {H$ Bg C_V H$m nhbm ^mJ AN>m h
`m ApV_ & AV: "_m AZm Abho d Ahm~r' go A{^m` _grh _mD$X
H$s O_mAV h Ama g` ^r `hr h {H$ _grh _mD$X H$s O_mAV hmo
`m|{H$ H$moB O_mAV ghm~m(a{O.) H$s ^m{V Zht hmo gH$Vr O~ VH$ {H$
dh {H$gr wXm Ho$ ôOo hE agyb H$s gJV mV Z hmo &
gmame `h {H$ Cn`wV hXrgm| go kmV hmoVm h {H$ _wh_X
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s C_V _| go kmZ Ama Y_ Ho$ {_Q> OmZo
na _grh _mD$X Ho$ mam Abmh VAmbm {\$a Bbm_ H$mo Wm{nV H$aZo
H$m dmXm H$a MwH$m h & AV: _grh _mD$X hmoZo Ho$ {bE `h Amd`H$
h {H$ dh `pV Omo XmdoXma hmo Bbm_ H$s _yb {ejm H$mo Wm{nV
H$aZo dmbm VWm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ C{MV kmZ dUZ H$aZo dmbm hmo Ama
`{X dh Eogm Z H$ao Vmo _grh _mD$X Zht hmo gH$Vm, VWm Omo ApV_
`wJ Ho$ Cnd go âo {XZm| _| Bbm_r {ejm H$mo bmoJm| Ho$ {dMmam| go
n{d H$ao Ama CgH$s y~r H$mo ggma na H$Q> H$ao VWm _m AZm
Ab`ho d Ahm~r H$m ` {XIm Xo, Bg Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB A`
`pV _grh _mD$X Zht hmo gH$Vm Ama O~ {H$ `h ~mV {g hmo JB
Vmo _grh Ho$ XmdoXma Ho$ Xmdo H$mo naIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ _mJ h_mao {bE
`h ^r Iwb J`m, h_ XoI| {H$ `m dmVd _| Bbm_ Bg g_`
Xm'dVwb A_ra
165
Xm'dVwb A_ra
nyU$noU AnZo _yb $n H$mo `mJ MwH$m h, Xgao `h {H$ `m Cg `pV
Zo dmVd _| CgH$mo CgHo$ _yb $n _| ggma Ho$ g_j VwV H$a {X`m
h &
Bbm_ H$m {~Hw$b n[ad{VV hmo OmZm VWm AnZr dmV{dH$Vm go
Xa hmo OmZm Vmo Eogr g_`m h Ogm {H$ _ nhbo CboI H$a MwH$m h
H$moB ~w{_mZ ^r Bg H$m BH$mar Z hmoJm VWm H$moB BH$mar ^r H$~ hmo
gH$Vm h O~ {H$ wXm VAmbm H$m H$_ {g H$a ahm h {H$ Bg g_`
_wgb_mZ _wgb_mZ Zht aho Ama {\$a Bbm_ H$m dV_mZ $n Omo d`
_wgb_mZm| H$mo gmdZm Zht Xo gH$Vm dh d` Bg ~mV H$m gmjr h {H$
Bbm_ Bg g_` {~JS> MwH$m h & AV: Ho$db `h Z eof ah OmVm
h {H$ `m hOaV AH$Xg {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X gm{h~ Zo Bbm_ Ho$
`WmW $n H$mo Omo AnZr gwXaVm Ama _Z_mohH$Vm Ho$ H$maU AnZm| Ama
Xgam| g~ Ho$ X`m| H$mo AnZr Amoa AmH${fV H$a boVm h dmVd _|
ggma Ho$ g_j VwV {H$`m h `m Zht Ama `m Amn Zo CZ ~wamB`m|
H$mo Bbm_ go Xa {H$`m h `m Zht Omo CgH$s n{d {ejm _| Abmh
go Xa Ama dmWu _wbmAm| Zo {_bm Xr Wt & Bg Z H$mo hb H$aZo Ho$
{bE _ CXmhaUd$n Amn Ho$ gm_Zo Hw$N> _moQ>r-_moQ>r ~mV| VwV H$aVm
h, {OZ go Amn H$mo kmV hmo OmEJm {H$ Bbm_ Ho$ $n H$mo Bg g_`
bmoJm| Zo H$gm n[ad{VV H$a {X`m Wm VWm hOaV AH$Xg Zo {H$g H$ma
BgHo$ $n H$mo ggma Ho$ g_j VwV {H$`m h &
Y_ H$m Ho$-{~X {OgHo$ Mmam| Amoa eof g_V g_`mE MH$a
bJmVr h `m `h {H$ Bbm_ H$m dh _yb {OgHo$ {bE eof g^r AmWmE
Ama H$_ emImAm| Ama nmm| Ho$ g_mZ h, Abmh na B_mZ bmZm h &
g_V AmWmE BgHo$ g_WZ Ho$ {bE h Ama g_V H$_ CgH$mo T>
H$aZo Ho$ {bE & Abmh VAmbm na B_mZ bmZo Ho$ ^mJm| _| go g~ go
~S>m ^mJ wXm Ho$ EHo$dadmX na B_mZ bmZm h & agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo {Og g_` go Xmdm {H$`m Ama Cg g_`
VH$ {H$ O~ AmnH$m dJdmg hAm
(bm Bbmhm Bbbmh)
(Abmh Ho$ A{V[aV A` H$moB ny`Zr` Zht) H$s {ejm H$s KmofUm
H$mo Omar aIm, òH$ H$ma H$m H$Q> ghZ {H$`m, naVw Bg {ejm H$m
166
H$Q> H$aZm Zht N>moS>m `hm VH$ {H$ dJdmg Ho$ g_` ^r Amn
(g.A.d.) H$mo `{X `mZ Wm Vmo `hr {H$ dh {ejm {Ogo BVZo ~{bXmZm|
Ho$ nMmV Amn Zo Wm{nV {H$`m Wm ggma go {_Q> Z OmE & ho
~mXemh ! EH$ _wgb_mZ H$m X` {dV hmo OmVm h VWm CgH$m
H$boOm Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o hmo OmVm h O~ dh hXrgm| Ama B{Vhmgm| _| `h
nT>Vm h {H$ _`w Ho$ amoJ _| O~{H$ amoJ H$s ~bVm go AmnHo$ eara
na ngrZm Am-Am OmVm Wm Ama amoJ AmnHo$ gy_ go gy_ AJm| na
AnZm ^md H$a ahm Wm, AmnH$s `mHw$bVm, Ama Amn H$m H$Q> Ama
^r ~T> OmVm Wm O~ Amn `h {dMma H$aVo Wo {H$ H$ht bmoJ _oao
nMmV Bg {ejm H$mo ^yb Z OmE VWm VdmX go J{gV Z hmo OmE &
Amn g.A.d. Cg g_` Ho$ H$Q> _| ^r d` H$mo ^ybo hE Wo VWm C_V
H$s {MVm go Xm`| go ~m`| Ama ~m`| go Xm`| H$adQ>| ~Xb-~Xb H$a
\$a_m aho Wo {H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
(bAZbmhb`hXm dZgmam BmOy Hw$~yam A{~`mE{h_

_gm{OX) Abmh VAmbm `h[X`m| Ama BgmB`m| na bmZV H$ao {H$
Chm|Zo AnZo Z{~`m| H$s H$~m| H$mo _pOX| ~Zm {b`m & {Og go Amn H$m
A{^m` `h Wm {H$ XoIZm _oao OrdZ â H$s {ejm Ho$ {dnarV _oao
_`monamV _wP H$mo hr nyOZo Z bJ OmZm, VWm EHo$dadmX H$s {ejm
H$mo ^yb Z OmZm & _`w Ho$ amoJ _| AmnH$s `h `mHw$bVm VWm wXm Ho$
EHo$dadmX go o_ EH$ Eogr X`-{~XmaH$ KQ>Zm Wr {H$ Amn go o_
aIZo dmbm `pV Bg KQ>Zm Ho$ X`-{dXmaH$ ^md Ho$ AVJV VdmX
Ho$ {ZH$Q> ^r H$^r \$Q>H$ Zht gH$Vm Wm, naVw ho ~mXemh ! Amn
XoIVo h {H$ _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbm| _| go A{YH$me do bmoJ h Omo
Iwb_-Iwbm Bg {ejm Ho$ {dnarV A_b H$a aho h & dh H$mZ gm
_wgb_mZ h Omo AmO go Voah gm df nyd `h ^_ ^r H$a gH$Vm Wm
{H$ bm Bbmhm Bbbmh Ho$ PS>m CR>mZo dmbo {H$gr g_` H$~mo| na gXo
H$a|Jo & AnZo ~wOwJm] Ho$ Wbm| H$s Amoa _wI H$aHo$ Z_mO| nT>|Jo, _Zw`m|
H$mo namoj H$m kmVm R>hamEJo, wXm Ho$ d{b`m| H$mo wXm VAmbm H$s
Hw$XaV H$m dm_r g_P|Jo, _VH$m| go H$m_ZmE _mJ|Jo, H$~m| na MT>mdo
167
Xm'dVwb A_ra
MT>mEJo, AnZo nram| Ho$ g~Y _| `h {ddmg aI|Jo {H$ ò Omo Mmh| wXm
go drH$ma H$am b|Jo, VWm CZH$mo AV`m_r g_P|Jo, Abmh Ho$ A{V[aV
A` bmoJm| Ho$ Zm_ na Hw$a~m{Z`m X|Jo {\$a BZ g~ na A{YH$ A`m`
`h H$a|Jo {H$ Xmdm H$a|Jo {H$ `h g~ {ejm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s Ama agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s h, naVw nya~ go boH$a npM_
VH$ Ama Cma go boH$a X{jU VH$ {Og-{Og WmZ na _wgb_mZ ahVo
h ò g~ Hw$N> hmo ahm h VWm A{YH$me _wgb_mZ Cn`wV ~mVm| _| go
{H$gr Z {H$gr ~mV H$m H$aZo dmbm h & agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$r Bg VnZ Ama {dV hmoZo H$mo XoIH$a Abmh VAmbm Zo
Amn Ho$ _Oma _w~maH$ (H$~ _w~maH$) H$mo Vmo BZ {~XAVm| (Y_ _|
{H$gr ZB ~mV H$mo em{_b H$a XoZm Omo Cg_| Zht Wr) go gwa{jV H$a
{X`m, naVw A` Bbm_ Ho$ ~wOwJm] H$s H$~m| na AmOH$b {hXAm| Ho$
_pXam| go H$_ VdmXr a_| Zht hmoVt & {ZM` hr `{X AmO agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ AmH$a XoIVo Vmo BZ bmoJm| H$mo
_wgb_mZ Zht g_PVo A{nVw {H$gr A` VdmXr Y_ Ho$ AZw`m`r
g_PVo &
H$Xm{MV H$hm OmE {H$ ò {dMma Vmo _yI bmoJm| Ho$ h, {dmZ BZ
{dMmam| go AgVwQ> h, naVw g` `h h {H$ {H$gr H$m_ H$s hmbV
CgHo$ A{YH$me gX`m| go XoIr OmVr h & O~ _wgb_mZm| _| go
A{YH$me BZ {dMmam| Ho$ AZw`m`r h Vmo `hr {ZU` H$aZm hmoJm {H$
_wgb_mZm| H$s Xem EHo$dadmX H$s pQ> go {Ja JB h Ama do bm
Bbmhm Bbbmh Ho$ __ H$mo Omo Bbm_ H$m mU Wm ^wbm ~R>o h,
naVw `h ^r C{MV Zht {H$ OZ gmYmaU hr BZ AmWmAm| H$mo _mZVo
h Ama CZ OZ gmYmaU Ho$ nra Ama _mbdr ^r CZHo$ {dMmam| go
gh_V h `{X Hw$N> CZ _| go X` go gh_V Zht Vmo H$_ go H$_ CZ
H$s hmbV ^r BVZr Iam~ hmo JB h {H$ do `j Vma na OZ gmYmaU
Ho$ {dMmam| H$m IS>Z Zht H$a gH$Vo Ama `h ~mV ^r Bg ~mV H$m
bjU h {H$ B_mZ {_Q> J`m h &
Hw$N> gXm` ({\$aHo$) _wgb_mZ| _| go Eogo h Omo Xmdm H$aVo h {H$
do VdmX go nyU$noU nWH$ h A{nVw do Xgao bmoJm| na ZmamO hmoVo h
168
{H$ Chm|Zo VdmX YmaU H$a Bbm_ H$mo AmKmV nhMm`m h, naVw
AmM` h {H$ ò bmoJ d` ^r VdmX _| J{gV h VWm A` go CZH$mo
Ho$db BVZr {deofVm mV h {H$ ò òH$ `pV H$mo Abmh H$m
^mJrXma Zht ~ZmVo, Ho$db _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$mo Abmh H$m ^mJrXma
g_PVo h & ò bmoJ ^r Xgao _wgb_mZm| H$s ^m{V _grh Ab{hgbm_
H$mo Or{dV AmH$me na ~R>m hAm {ddmg H$aVo h & BZHo$ {ZH$Q> agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Omo g~ Z{~`m| _| loR> Wo ndr _|
XZ h, naVw hOaV _grh ""ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m'' Xmo hOma
df go AmH$me na Or{dV ~R>o h, Abmh VAmbm CZH$mo _`w hr Zht
XoVm & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| nQ> nT>Vo h {H$ {OZ ~wOwJm] H$mo bmoJ wXm Ho$
A{V[aV nwH$maVo h do _V h Or{dV Zht h VWm `h ^r Zht OmZVo
{H$ H$~ CR>mE OmEJo &
(AdmVwZ
Jamo Ah`mBZ d _m `C$Zm A`mZm `w~AgyZ) {\$a XoIVo h {H$
Bgm _grh Ab{hgbm_ H$mo Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {gdm ny`Zr` ~ZmE hE
h naVw ò hOaV _grh Ho$ Or{dV hmoZo Ho$ {dMma n[a`mJ Zht H$aVo
Ama d` H$mo EHo$dadmXr H$hVo hE {PPH$Vo Zht &
Bgr H$ma ò bmoJ VdmX Ho$ {d AmdmO Vmo ~wbX H$aVo h
naVw {ddmg aIVo h {H$ hOaV _grh _waXo Or{dV {H$`m H$aVo Wo,
hmbm{H$ Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h {H$ dh d` ^r Bg ggma _|
_VH$m| H$mo Or{dV H$aHo$ Zht ôOVm, Ogm {H$ \$a_mVm h
(d ham_wZ Abm H$[a`{VZ
AhbH$Zmhm AZh_ bm à{OD$Z) Omo bmoJ _`w H$mo mV hmo MwHo$ h
CZHo$ {bE h_Zo `h {ZU` H$a {X`m h {H$ do dmng Zht bmQ> gH|$Jo &
Bgr H$ma \$a_mVm h
(d {_Z
damE{h_ ~aOwZ Bbm `m_o `w~AgyZ) AWmV Omo bmoJ _a MwHo$ h
CZHo$ nrN>o EH$ amoH$ S>mb Xr JB h Omo b` Ho$ {XZ VH$ Omar ahoJr &
Bg go nyd ò Or{dV Zht {H$E OmEJo &
ò bmoJ Ahbo hXrg H$hbmVo h, naVw Bg hXrg H$mo ^yb OmVo h
{H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ \$a_mVo h {H$ O~ hOaV
Om{~a(a{O.) Ho$ {nVm AXbmh(a{O.) ehrX hE Vmo Abmh VAmbm Zo CZ
Xm'dVwb A_ra
169
Xm'dVwb A_ra
go H$hm {H$ _mJmo Omo Hw$N> _mJZm h & Bg na Chm|Zo H$hm {H$ _oar Vmo
`hr BN>m h {H$ _wPo Or{dV {H$`m OmE Ama _ {\$a agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ gmW {_b H$a {OhmX H$$ {\$a Voao _mJ
_| ehrX h Ama {\$a Or{dV {H$`m OmD$ Ama {\$a ehrX h & Bg na
Abmh VAmbm Zo \$a_m`m {H$ `{X _Zo AnZo ApVd H$s gmJY Z
ImB hmoVr Vmo _ VwPo Or{dV H$a XoVm, naVw My{H$ _Zo U H$a {b`m
h {H$ _ Eogm Zht H$$Jm, Bg{bE Eogm Zht H$$Jm & 190
ò bmoJ {dMma Zht H$aVo {H$ {Og H$m` H$mo Bg ggma _| Abmh
VAmbm ^r Zht H$aVm Ama Omo CgHo$ {d{eQ> JwUm| _| go h Cgo _grh
Ab{hgbm_ {H$g H$ma H$a gH$Vo Wo
(Ch{`b _mVm) Ho$
Hw$AmZr eXm| go YmoIm ImVo h, naVw O~ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ {bE ò eX `moJ hmoVo h {H$ (`m A`mohbOrZm Am_ZwVOr~y {bbbmho d {bagybo BOm
XAmHw$_ {b_m `yh`rHw$_) ho _m{_Zmo ! Abmh Ama CgHo$ agyb H$s
~mV H$mo drH$ma H$a {b`m H$amo O~ CZ _| go H$moB Vw_ H$mo ~wbmE
Vm{H$ Vwh| Or{dV H$ao & Vmo Cg g_` CgH$m `h AW H$aVo h {H$
OrdZ go A{^m` Am`mp_H$ OrdZ h & O~ Bh`m H$m AW
Am`mp_H$ OrdZ XmZ H$aZo Ho$ ^r hmoVo h Ama O~ {H$ Abmh
VAmbm Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB _waXo Or{dV Zht H$a gH$Vm Ama O~{H$ Bg
ggma _| _waXo Or{dV H$aHo$ Abmh ^r Zht ôOVm Vmo {\$a Bh`m H$m
dh AW `m| Zht boVo Omo wXm Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$ AZwgma hmo Ama {OZ go
VdmX Z CnZ hmoVm hmo &
Bgr H$ma ò EHo$dadmXr H$hbmZo dmbo bmoJ {ddmg aIVo h {H$
hOaV _grh njr CnZ {H$`m H$aVo Wo, hmbm{H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| nT>Vo
h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB `pV Hw$N> ^r CnZ Zht
H$a
gH$Vm
(dbOrZm `XD$Zm {_Z X{Zbmho bm `bwHy$Zm eAZ d h_
`wbHy$Z)
{OZ `pV`m| H$mo bmoJ Abmh Ho$ A{V[aV nwH$maVo h do Hw$N> ^r
170
CnZ Zht H$aVo A{nVw do d` CnZ {H$E JE h & {\$a \$a_mVm
h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(A_ OAby {bbmho ewaH$mAm bHy$ H$pH$hr

\$Vem~hH$mo Ab{h_ - Hw${bbmhmo m{bH$mo Hw$bo eBZ d
hdb dm{hXb H$hmamo) `m do wXm Ho$ {gdm ^mJrXma {Z`wV H$aVo h
{OZH$s {deofVm `h h {H$ Chm|Zo ^r Abmh H$s ^m{V gpQ> CnZ
H$s h Ama A~ CZ bmoJm| H$s pQ> _| Abmh VAmbm H$s Ama CZH$s
gpQ> g{XY hmo JB h & H$h Xo {H$ Abmh hr g_V dVwAm| H$m
Q>m h, dh EH$ h òH$ dVw CgHo$ A{YH$ma _| h & Bgr H$ma
\$a_mVm h (BZbOrZm VXD$Zm {_Z X{Zbmho b`bwHy$ Ow~m~Z d b
{dO`V_D$ bh) do bmoJ {H$ {Oh| Vw_ Abmh Ho$ Abmdm nwH$maVo hmo
EH$ _Ir H$mo ^r H$Xm{n CnZ Zht H$a gH$Vo & `{n g~ Ho$ g~
EH$ hmo OmE & _grh Ab{hgbm_ ^r Cht bmoJm| _| go h {Oh| bmoJ
wXm Ho$ Abmdm nwH$maVo h &
AV: ~mdOyX Bg Ho$ {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| `h ~mV nQ> Vma na
{d_mZ h {H$ Abmh Ho$ A{V[aV A` H$moB Hw$N> CnZ Zht H$a
gH$Vm Ama `{X H$moB Eogm H$ao Vmo dh gMm Cnm` h &
(AbwH$mo
bHw$_
{_ZmrZo
H$hÀ{Vmao) Ho$ dh AW H$aVo h Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s AQ>b {ejm Ho$
{dnarV h Ama Zht gmoMVo {H$ EH$ eX H$B-H$B AWm] _| `moJ hmoVm
h & AV: dh AW H$a| Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s Xgar Am`Vm| Ho$ VWm EH$
~Xo H$s emZ Ho$ AZwHy$b hm| Z {H$ dh AW H$a| Omo AQ>b Am`Vm| Ama
AmXoem| Ho$ {d Ama Abmh VAmbm H$s emZ Ama {VR>m Ho$ {dnarV
hm| VWm EHo$dadmXr H$hbmVo hE VdmX _| JV hm| &
ò do ^`H$a AmWmE h Omo Bg g_` _wgb_mZm| _| Mmho {dmZ hmo
171
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`m _yI Mmho dh _VmZwJm_r hmo `m Z hmo Ama Mmho gwZr hmo `m {e`m,
\$bo hE h, Ama CZH$s CnpW{V _| H$moB `pV Zht H$h gH$Vm {H$
_wgb_mZ
(bm Bbmhm Bbbmh) Ho$ {df` na Wm{nV h &
{ZgXoh Bg g_` ^r bm Bbmhm Bbbmh _wgb_mZm| Ho$ _wI na Omar
h naVw Cn`wV AmWmAm| Ho$ H$maU do BgHo$ AW go BVZr hr Xa Om
nS>o h {OVZr {H$ A` VdmXr Om{V`m & Bg g_V nW-^Q>Vm Ama
Jw_amhr Ho$ g~Y _| hOaV AH$Xg {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X Ab{hgbmVmo
dgbm_ Zo AmH$a Omo {ejm Xr dh Eogr EHo$dadmXr VWm Abmh
VAmbm H$m Vmn Ama VoO Wm{nV H$aZo dmbr h {H$ Cgo drH$ma
H$aHo$ _Zw` H$m X` wXm Ho$ o_ go AmoV-moV hmo OmVm h VWm
VdmX H$s ApZ go _Zw` {~Hw$b gwa{jV hmo OmVm h Ama EHo$dadmX
Ho$ Cg WmZ H$mo mV H$a boVm h {Og na AmXaUr` ghm~m(a{O.) IS>o
Wo & AmnZo CZ g_V Cn`wV {dMmam| H$mo g~yVm| mam JbV {g {H$`m
Ama ~Vm`m {H$ Abmh EH$ h CgHo$ A{V[aV {H$gr _VH$ go
_ZmoH$m_ZmE _mJZm `m H$~mo| na MT>mdo MT>mZm, `m {H$gr H$mo gXh
H$aZm Mmho Or{dV hmo `m _V `m {H$gr H$mo Abmh H$s Hw$XaV H$m
dm_r OmZZm `m AV`m_r g_PZm Mmho Z~r hmo `m Z~r Z hmo AWdm
wXm Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr Ho$ Zm_ na OmZda H$s ~{b XoZm `m H$moB A`
dVw CgH$s egm H$s mpV hoVw XmZ H$aZm `m {H$gr Ho$ g~Y _| `h
{ddmg H$aZm {H$ dh Omo Hw$N> Mmho Abmh VAmbm go drH$ma H$am bo,
VdmX h & Bg go _mo{_Z H$mo ~MZm Mm{hE &
Bgr H$ma Amn Zo `h {g {H$`m {H$ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_
A` Z{~`m| H$s ^m{V _`w H$mo mV hmo MwHo$ h Ama ndr Ho$ ZrMo
XZ h, dh Am`mp_H$ _waXm| H$mo Or{dV H$aVo Wo, Ama {Og H$ma
_Zw` nXm H$a gH$Vm h H$aVo Wo {ZOud H$mo OrdZ XoZo H$s AWdm _wX}
H$mo Or{dV H$aZo H$s CZ _| epV Zht Wr Z wXm Ho$ AmXoe Ho$ {~Zm,
Z wXm Ho$ AmXoe go, `m|{H$ Abmh VAmbm AnZr {d{eQ> {deofVmE
{H$gr ~Xo H$mo Zht {X`m H$aVm Ama Cg H$m H$bm_ CZ {deofVmAm| Ho$
_grh `m A` {H$gr `pV _| nmE OmZo Ho$ {~Hw$b {d h Ama
{OVZo bmoJ VdmX \$bmVo h do Bgr H$ma H$s ~mV| ~Zm`m H$aVo h {H$
172
Abmh VAmbm Zo AnZr epV`m A_wH$ `pV H$mo Xo Xr h, `h H$moB
^r Zht H$hVm {H$ CgH$m VwV {H$`m hAm Cnm` wXm VAmbm go
dV hmoH$a ggma na emgZ H$aVm h & Bg Hw$AmZ Ama ~w{ Ho$
AZwHy$b {ejm go AmnZo VdmX Ho$ AYH$ma H$mo Xa {H$`m Ama _wgb_mZm|
H$mo dh gX_mJ {XIm`m {Ogo EH$ g_` go `mJ MwHo$ Wo VWm Bg H$ma
dh H$m` gnZ {H$`m Omo _grh Ho$ {Vr` AmJ_Z Ho$ {bE {Z`wV
Wm &
Abmh na B_mZ bmZo Ho$ nMmV Bbm_ H$m Xgam V^ \$[aVm|
na B_mZ bmZm h & Bg V^ H$mo ^r _wgb_mZm| Zo {~Hw$b {dH$V H$a
{X`m Wm & Hw$N> bmoJ `h AmWm aIVo Wo {H$ \$[aVo "h_ wXm H$s
eaU MmhVo h' nmn ^r H$a boVo h, Ama Abmh VAmbm na ^r
Eo{VamO H$aZo bJ OmVo h & AmX_ H$s KQ>Zm _| \$[aVm| H$mo Bg H$ma
VwV {H$`m OmVm h {H$ Ogo do Abmh Ho$ g_j IS>o hmoH$a CgH$s
Zr{V`m| na Eo{VamO H$aVo h & hmbm{H$ do
(ZhZmo Zwgp~hmo {~hp_XH$m d ZwH${gmo bH$m) H$h H$a Bg ~mV na
~b XoVo h {H$ h_ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$m`m] na AmbmoMZm H$a hr Zht
gH$Vo & hm$V Ama _m$V H$m dmmV Eogm X`-{dXmaH$ h {H$ gwZH$a
AmM` hmoVm h & H$hm OmVm h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo Xmo \$[aVo
ggma _| _Zw`m| Ho$ ôf _| ôOo Ama do EH$ d`m na _wY hmo JE Ama
XS>d$n EH$ Hw$E _| AmYo _wh bQ>H$mE JE ""h_ Eogr ~mV na wXm
H$s eaU MmhVo h &'' Bgr H$ma H$hm OmVm h {H$ ""ZmD$Ow{~bmh
{_Z Om{bH$m'' eVmZ \$[aVm| H$m [ejH$ Wm &
Hw$N> bmoJ \$[aVm| Ho$ gX^ _| `h AmWm aIZo bJo h {H$ Ogo do
^r ^m{VH$ ApVd h, bmoJm| H$s ^m{V BYa-CYa XmS>o-XmS>o {\$aVo h &
BOamBb H$^r Cg Ho$ mU {ZH$mbZo OmVo h, H$^r CgHo$ & Bg Ho$
{dnarV Hw$N> bmoJ \$[aVm| Ho$ ApVd Ho$ hr BH$mar hmo JE h VWm
\$[aVm| H$mo EH$ H$mn{ZH$ ApVd R>hamVo h VWm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s
Am`Vm| H$s `h `m`m H$aVo h {H$ epV`m| Ama VmH$Vm| H$m Zm_
\$[aVo aIm J`m Ama `hm VH$ gmhg H$a ~R>o {H$ KmofUm_H$ $n _|
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ama hXrgm| H$s {ejm Ho$ {d H$hVo h {H$ O {O~arb
Xm'dVwb A_ra
173
Xm'dVwb A_ra
A_rZ Hw$Am ~ nJm_o Z_r dmh_' &
AZwdmX :- _ {O~arb A_rZ go Hw$AmZ MmhVm h Ama H$moB gXoe
Zht MmhVm & (AZwdmXH$)
A{nVw \$[aVm| Ho$ ApVd na Eo{VamO H$aVo h VWm Ch| Abmh
VAmbm H$s Hw$XaV Ho$ {d g_PVo h &
hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo AmH$a BZ Bbm_ Ho$ {d AmWmAm| H$m ^r
IS>Z {H$`m h VWm C{MV AmWmAm| H$m gma {H$`m h, \$[aVm| Ho$
ApVd go Amamonm| H$mo Xa {H$`m h & Amn(A) Zo g~yVm| mam {g {H$`m
h {H$ wXm Ho$ \$[aVo Abmh VAmbm na Amamon Zht {H$`m H$aVo Ama
Z do nmnm| _| JV hmoVo h & CZHo$ gX^ _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h
(bm `m'gyZbmhm _m
{H$ A_ah_ d ÀbyZm _m `mo_$Z) \$[aVo Abmhm VAmbm Ho$ AmXoem|
H$s Adkm Zht H$aVo VWm CZH$mo {OZ ~mVm| H$m AmXoe {X`m OmVm h
CZ H$m do nmbZ H$aVo h & AV: Eogr _byH$ {Ogo Abmh VAmbm Zo
CnZ hr CZ epV`m| Ho$ gmW {H$`m h Vmo AZwgaU Ama AmkmH$m[aVm
H$s epV`m h ~wamB`m| _| {H$g H$ma JV hmo gH$Vr h VWm d`mAm|
Ho$ o_ _| AmgV hmo gH$Vr h VWm Abmh VAmbm H$mo ^wbmH$a wXm
Ho$ H$mon _| H$go \$g gH$Vr h & `{X \$[aVo nmnm| _| JV hmo gH$Vo
h Vmo CZ na B_mZ bmZo H$m AmXoe `m| {X`m OmVm h, `m|{H$ B_mZ
bmZo H$m Vmo AW hr `h hmoVo h {H$ {Og na B_mZ bm`m OmE CgH$s
~mVm| H$mo _mZm OmE & Omo bmoJ AdkmH$mar hmo gH$Vo h CZ na B_mZ
bmZo H$m AmXoe XoZm Ogo d` H$mo {_Q>mZo H$m AmXoe XoZm h &
Bgr H$ma AmnZo ~Vm`m {H$ \$[aVo Am`mp_H$ ApVd h, do
BYa-CYa XmS>o-XmS>o Zht {\$aVo A{nVw {Og H$ma gy` AnZo WmZ go
H$me XoVm h do ^r AnZo WmZ go Abmh VAmbm Ho$ AmXoem| H$m
nmbZ H$aVo h VWm CZ epV`m| H$s ghm`Vm go Omo CZH$s AmkmH$m[aVm
_| gbZ h g~ H$m` H$aVo h &
Amn(A) Zo Bg {dMmaYmam H$m ^r IS>Z {H$`m h {H$ Bbrg
(eVmZ) \$[aVm| H$m {ejH$ `m `h {H$ \$[aVm| Ho$ gmW ahZo dmbm
ApVd Wm, dh Vmo EH$ XQ>m_m Wr & Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h -
174
(d H$mZm {_ZbH$m{\$arZ) CgH$m X` nhbo hr
Abmh VAmbm H$m BH$mar Wm &
Amn(A) Zo Bg dMm[aH$ Xmof H$mo ^r Xa {H$`m {H$ \$[aVo H$mn{ZH$
ApVd h `m epV`m| H$mo H$hVo h & Amn(A) Zo AnZo AZw^d Ama
AdbmoH$Z Ho$ AmYma na \$[aVm| H$m ApVd {g {H$`m VWm CZ bmoJm|
H$s _yIVm H$mo H$Q> {H$`m Omo Bg ~mV H$mo Vmo drH$ma H$aVo h {H$
`j AmIm| H$s ghm`Vm Ho$ {bE Abmh VAmbm Zo gy` H$mo CnZ
{H$`m Ama AmdmO nhwMmZo Ho$ {bE dm`w H$mo ~Zm`m VWm Bg go CgHo$
epVembr hmoZo na H$moB Xmof Zht Am`m naVw H$hVo h {H$ Am`mp_H$
_m_bm| H$mo nyU H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgZo `{X H$moB _m`_ CnZ {H$E h Vmo
Cg go CgH$s Hw$XaV na Xmof AmVm h Ama d` CZH$s AmWm go CZH$mo
AnamYr R>ham`m VWm CZHo$ BH$ama go CZH$mo nH$S>m Ama ~Vm`m {H$
Abmh VAmbm H$m _m`_m| H$mo CnZ H$aZm Bg{bE Zht {H$ dh AnZo
AmXoem| H$mo ~Xo VH$ nhMm Zht gH$Vm A{nVw Bg{bE h {H$ ~Xm
Abmh H$m H$bm_ gwZZo Ho$ {bE _m`_m| H$m _whVmO h Ama Bg{bE
{H$ ò _m`_ ~Xo H$s CZ{V _| ghm`H$ Ama gh`moJr hmoVo h & AV:
Amn Zo B_mZ Ho$ Xgao V^ Ho$ g~Y _| _wgb_mZm| _| Omo am{~`m
CnZ hmo JB Wt CZH$m ^br-^m{V {ZdmaU {H$`m VWm \$[aVm| Ho$
ApVd H$mo Bg $n _| H$Q> {H$`m {Og $n _| {H$ Abmh VAmbm
Ama CgHo$ agyb Zo CZH$mo VwV {H$`m Wm &
B_mZ H$m Vrgam V^ AmH$mer` {H$Vm~| h CZHo$ g~Y _| ^r
_wgb_mZm| Ho$ B_mZ {~Hw$b S>J_Jm MwHo$ Wo VWm _wgb_mZm| _| AmH$mer`
{H$Vm~m| Ho$ g~Y _| A`V {d{M {dMma {deofH$a Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$
g~Y _| CnZ hmo JE Wo Ama dmVd _| Bbm_ _| B_mZ H$s pQ> go
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ hr _yb h `m|{H$ Xgar {H$Vm~m| na B_mZ bmZm Vmo
gmpVH$ Vma na h, A`Wm do Z {d_mZ h Ama Z CZ na CZHo$
dV_mZ $n _| nmbZ H$aZo H$m AmXoe h &
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| _wgb_mZm| H$s Omo AmWmE h CZH$mo XoI
H$a _wPo A`V AmM` hmoVm h, naVw _ OmZVm h {H$ `h AmM`
_wPo Ho$db Bg H$maU h {H$ _Zo _grh _mD$X na B_mZ bmH$a Cggo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
175
Xm'dVwb A_ra
_yb dmV{dH$Vm H$mo kmV H$a {b`m h A`Wm _ ^r A` bmoJm| H$s
^m{V Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| {H$gr Z {H$gr JbVr H$mo H$aVm & Hw$N>
bmoJ gmoMVo h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ho$ nMmV gmW hr `dhm[aH$ Vma na ggma go CR>m`m J`m VWm CgH$m
EH$ A{YH$me ^mJ ""Bg ~mV go h_ wXm H$s eaU MmhVo h'' & ggma
go bwV hmo J`m h, Hw$N> Ho$ {ZH$Q> Omo dV_mZ Hw$AmZ h Cg_| ^r
_mZdr` hVjonm| H$m ^md {d_mZ h, Hw$N> bmoJ Bg H$ma Ho$ {dMmam|
H$m Vmo ~S>r T>Vm go IS>Z H$aVo h VWm CZH$mo Hw$\$ R>hamVo h, naVw
d` Bg H$ma H$s A` ^`H$a AmWmE VwV H$aVo h & CXmhaUV`m
`h H$hVo h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m Hw$N> ^mJ {ZaV {H$`m hAm h VWm
{ZaV R>hamZo H$m _m`_ Chm|Zo `h ~Vm`m h {H$ Omo Am`V A`
Am`V Ho$ {d _mby_ hmo dh {ZaV h & n[aUm_ `h hAm {H$ {H$gr
H$mo Hw$N> A` Am`Vm| _| {^ZVm {XImB Xr Ama {H$gr H$mo Hw$N> Ama
_| & CgZo CZH$mo {ZaV h & n[aUm_ `h hAm {H$ {H$gr H$mo Hw$N> A`
Am`Vm| _| {^ZVm {XImB Xr Ama {H$gr H$mo Hw$N> Ama _ & CgHo$ CZH$mo
{ZaV R>ham {X`m Ama Cg Zo CZH$mo & Bg H$ma Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m EH$
~hV ~S>m ^mJ {ZaV hmoH$a `dhma-`mo` Zht ahm & ZmD$Ow{~bmh
{_Z Om[bH$m &
Bg T>J go `hr hm{Z Zht hB {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ Hw$N> ^mJ
{ZaV R>ham {XE JE A{nVw CgH$m EH$ ^`H$a ^md `h hAm {H$
V{~`Vm| _| `h AmeH$m CnZ hmo J`r h {H$ O~{H$ Cg Ho$ AXa Hw$N>
^mJ {ZaV h Ama Hw$N> {ZaV Zht h & Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$
agyb Zo `h Zht ~Vm`m {H$ H$mZ gm ^mJ {ZaV h Ama H$mZ gm ^mJ
{ZaV Zht Vmo Cg {H$Vm~ H$s {ddgZr`Vm hr `m ahr & òH$
`pV H$mo Omo ^mJ ngX Am`m CgZo Cgo _yb R>ham {X`m Ama Xgao H$mo
{ZaV R>ham {X`m &
Xgar ^`H$a AmWm wXmB {H$Vm~m| Ho$ g~Y _| Ama {deofH$a
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| `h CnZ hmo JB h {H$ `h H$bm_ ^r
eVmZ Ho$ hVjon go n{d Zht Ama H$hm OmVm h {H$ m`: eVmZ
wXm Ho$ Bhm_ _| hVjon H$aVm h Ama Am`V -
Xm'dVwb A_ra
176
(d_m AagZm {_Z H$pbH$m {_Z agy{bZ d bm Z{~p`Z

Bbm BOm V_Zm AH$eVmZmo \$s C_{Z`{Vhr) go `h n[aUm_
{ZH$mbm OmVm h {H$ òH$ Z~r Ho$ H$bm_ H$mo gwZVo g_` eVmZ Zo
hVjon {H$`m h Ama Cg _| Eogo ^mJ {_bm {XE h Omo eVmZ H$s Amoa
go Wo, wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go Z Wo Ama gm_m` {Z`_ Ho$ dUZ H$aZo
na hr gVmof Zht {H$`m J`m A{nVw `h ^r H$hm OmVm h {H$ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ EH$ ~ma gyah Z_ nT> aho Wo, O~
BZ Am`Vm| na nhMo {H$ (A\$aA`Vw_wbmVm dCOm d _ZmVgm{bgVb Cm) Vmo Amn H$s
Or^ na eVmZ Zo (ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m) ò dm` Omar H$a {XE
({VH$bJamZrHw$b Cbm d BZm
e\$mAVmhZm bVwaVOm) AWmV ò _y{V`m Omo b~r JaXZm| dmbr gwXa
p`m| Ho$ g_mZ h BZ go {g\$m[ae H$s Amem H$s OmVr h & O~ ò
eX AmnHo$ _wI go H$m{\$am| Zo gwZo Vmo Chm|Zo ^r gXh H$a {X`m &
~mX _| AmnH$mo kmV hAm {H$ ò eX eVmZ Zo Amn H$s Or^ na Omar
H$a {XE Wo Vmo Amn (g.A.d.) H$mo A`V IoX hAm (ZmD$Ow{~bmh
{_Z Om[bH$m)
Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo Bg H$hmZr H$mo `{X KQ>Zm Ho$ {ZVmV {d Ama
AghZr` g_Pm h Vmo `h H$h {X`m {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$s Or^ na eVmZ Zo ò dm` Omar Zht {H$E Wo A{nVw Amn
H$s gr AmdmO ~Zm H$a Bg H$ma `h dm` H$h {XE Wo {H$ `hr g_P
_| AmVm Wm {H$ Ogo Amn Zo ò dm` nT>o h & Bg ~mV H$mo C{MV
g_PZo go Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| Omo A{ddgZr`Vm CnZ hmoVr h
Cgo `m| Xa {H$`m OmVm h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo ~Vm {X`m h {H$ -
177
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(\$`gwbmhmo _m `wpH$eVmZmo gw_m `wh{H$_wbmhmo
Am`m{Vhr - dbmhmo Abr_wZ hH$s_) AWmV ""{\$a Abmh VAmbm
eVmZ H$s {_bmdQ> H$mo Vmo {_Q>m XoVm h Ama AnZr Am`Vm| H$mo Wm{nV
H$a XoVm h VWm wXm OmZZo dmbm Ama Zr{VdmZ h, naVw Bg Cma go
{H$gr H$s gVwpQ> H$~ hmo gH$Vr h `m|{H$ `{X eVmZ ^r
"ZmD$Ow{~bmh' wXm Ho$ H$bm_ _| hVjon H$a gH$Vm h Vmo Bg H$m
`m _mU h {H$ `h Am`V ^r eVmZr Zht h Ama eVmZ Zo AnZr
{_bmdQ> H$s Amoa go agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo gVwQ>
H$aZo Ho$ {bE `h Zht H$h {X`m h {H$ eVmZ H$s Amoa go Omo H$bm_
hmo dh {_Q>m {X`m OmVm h Vm{H$ Omo Z {_Q>m {X`m OmE Cgo wXm H$m
H$bm_ g_P {b`m OmE &
Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo Eogm _hdhrZ H$a {X`m h CgHo$
A`V nQ> AmXoem| H$mo H$_Omoa A{nVw ~ZmdQ>r hXrgm| Ho$ AYrZ H$a
{X`m h VWm gwZV Ho$ AZwgaU go VmndmZ wXm Ho$ H$bm_ H$mo Hw$N>
dmWu Ama XQ> H${V aIZo dmbo bmoJm| Ho$ {dMmam| Ho$ AYrZ H$a {X`m
OmE & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Mmho {Mbm-{Mbm H$a {H$gr H$mo IpS>V H$ao
naVw `{X H$_Omoa go H$_Omoa hXrg _| ^r Bg H$s MMm h Vmo do BgH$mo
wXm H$s dr na _wIVm X|Jo Ama `{X Hw$AmZ H$ar_ {H$gr ~mV H$mo
dUZ H$aVm hmo naVw hXrg _| CgH$m IS>Z hmo Vmo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo
nrN>o S>mb X|Jo Ama hXrg Ho$ dUZ H$mo C{MV g_P b|Jo &
Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo wXm Ho$ H$bm_ go `h `dhma {H$`m h {H$ dh Cgo
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m {dMma R>hamVo h VWm CgHo$
wXm H$m H$bm_ hmoZo Ho$ BH$mar h & do _wI go Vmo `hr H$hVo h {H$
`h Abmh H$m H$bm_ h, naVw gmW hr CgH$s `m`m `h H$aVo h
{H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ dN> X` _| Omo
{dMma CnZ hmoVo Wo do Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g_WZ go hr hmoVo Wo
Bg{bE Cgo Abmh VAmbm H$m hr H$bm_ H$hZm Mm{hE A`Wm eX
(ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m) agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ho$ V`ma {H$E hE h `m|{H$ (CZHo$ {ZH$Q>) wXm H$m H$bm_ eXm| _|
Omo AnZo AXm hmoZo Ho$ {bE hm|R> Ama Or^ MmhVo h CVa Zht gH$Vm &
178
Hw$N> Zo wXm Ho$ H$bm_ go `h `dhma {H$`m h {H$ {ZU` H$a {X`m
h {H$ BgH$m AZwdmX hr Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm & Ogo OZ gmYmaU VH$
Bgo nhMmZo H$m Omo _m`_ Wm Cgo ~X H$aHo$ _wgb_mZm| H$mo wXm Ho$
H$bm_ H$m AW g_PZo go amoH$ {X`m h & Bg H$ma AY_ Ho$ gma Ho$
CmaXm`r hmo JE h &
Hw$N> Zo wXm Ho$ H$bm_ go `h `dhma {H$`m h {H$ do H$hVo h {H$
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ EH$ g{jV {H$Vm~ h & Bg_| gmHo${VH$ Vma na Hw$N>
Amd`H$ ~mV| Vmo ~Vm Xr JB h, naVw H$moB {df` (_m_bm) Bggo
{g Zht hmo gH$Vm &
Hw$N> Zo wXm Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$ gmW `h `dhma {H$`m h {H$ do H$hVo
h {H$ gnyU Hw$AmZ H$ar_ AnZr dUZ ebr _| AmJo-nrN>o Ho$ H$_ Xmof
go âm nS>m h O~ VH$ Cgo pQ>JV Z aI| V~ VH$ BgH$s ~mV g_P
_| Zht Am gH$Vr &
Hw$N> Zo Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$ gmW `h `dhma {H$`m {H$
g_V ggma Ho$ {H$go Ama H$hm{Z`m {Oh| gX~w{ I{S>V H$aVr h Ama
d^md CZ go KUm H$aVm h EH$ H$aHo$ Hw$AmZ go g~ H$a Xr h &
{df` {_bo `m Z {_bo A{nVw Mmho Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ eX CZHo$ {d
hm| do BmBbr {H$gm| Ho$ AVJV CgHo$ {df` H$mo bo AmVo h Ama CZ
{H$gm| H$mo wXm Ho$ H$bm_ H$s `m`m ~VmVo h VWm CZ H$mo nydH$mbrZ
~wOwJm] Ama wXm Ho$ d{b`m| H$s Amoa ^r g~ H$aZo go Zht {PPH$Vo &
Hw$N> Zo wXm Ho$ H$bm_ go `h `dhma {H$`m h {H$ CgHo$ gnH$
Ama H$_ Ho$ ^r BH$mar hmo JE h & Ogo {H$ CZHo$ {ZH$Q> {Og H$ma
H$moB `pV ~ohmoer H$s AdWm _| BYa-CYa H$s ~mV| H$aVm h, Bgr
H$ma Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| {~Zm {H$gr H$_ Ho$ {d{^Z KQ>ZmAm| H$m dUZ
H$a {X`m J`m h & H$moB {deof H$_ Ama {df` pQ>JV Zht &
Hw$N> Zo A{nVw Cg g_` Ho$ g_V _wgb_mZm| Zo wXm Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$
g~Y _| EH$ Ama A`m` {H$`m h {H$ H$h {X`m h {H$ nhbo ggma na
wXm H$m H$bm_ CVaVm Wm, naVw A~ Zht CVaVm, Ogo A~ Abmh
VAmbm H$s EH$ {deofVm W{JV hmo JB h & dh XoIVm h, gwZVm h
naVw ~mobVm Zht (ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m) &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
179
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AV: òH$ `pV go {OVZm hmo gH$m CgZo n{d H$bm_ (Hw$AmZ)
Ho$ Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o H$aZo H$m `mg {H$`m h VWm CgH$s gwXaVm H$mo bmoJm|
H$s XpQ> go JwV aIZm Mmhm h & BZ g_V `mgm| H$m Zm_ Hw$AmZ
H$s godm aIm h & hmbm{H$ BZ `mgm| H$m n[aUm_ `h hAm h {H$
ggma Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go KUm H$aZo bJm h VWm CgH$m ^md X`m| go
CR> J`m h &
hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ Zo ho ~mXemh ! BZ g_V Xmofm| H$mo
AmH$a Xa {H$`m Ama g~yVm| mam {g {H$`m h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ wXm
VAmbm H$r ApV_ {hXm`V (nW-XeZ) H$m XVmdoO h & dh
{ZaVVm go gwa{jV h & CgHo$ AXa Omo Hw$N> {d_mZ h _wgb_mZm| Ho$
{bE AZwgaUr` h & CgH$m H$moB ^mJ Zht Omo Xgao ^mJ Ho$ {d hmo
VWm {ZaV H$aZo `mo` g_Pm OmE & Omo Cg _| {^ZVm XoIVm h dh
d` _yI Ama AnZr A`mo`Vm H$mo Hw$AmZ go g~ H$aVm h, CgHo$
AXa H$moB n[adVZ Zht hAm & CgH$m EH$-EH$ eX Ama EH$-EH$
Aja Cgr H$ma h {Og H$ma {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ na CVam Wm & Ho$db `hr Zht A{nVw Cg Ho$ AXa H$moB
n[adVZ {H$`m hr Zht Om gH$Vm & Z CgHo$ Hw$N> {df`m| H$mo n[ad{VV
H$aHo$ Ama Z CgHo$ AXa H$moB ZdrZ B~maV ~T>m H$a Ama Z Cg H$m
H$moB ^mJ H$_ H$aHo$ & Abmh VAmbm d` CgH$m ajH$ h & CgZo
CgH$s gwajm Ho$ {bE Eogm ~Y H$a {X`m h & Hw$N> Am`mp_H$ Ama
Hw$N> ^m{VH$ {H$ _mZd hVjon Cg na Hw$N> ^md H$a hr Zht
gH$Vm & AV: Bg_| H$moB {ZaVVm drH$ma H$aZm ^r JbV h, VWm
Bg_| H$moB n[adVZ drH$ma H$aZm ^r Mmho dh H$gm hr VwN> h Amamon
h & dh gwa{jV h Ama gwa{jV ahoJm &
`h H$hZm {H$ CgH$m H$moB ^mJ ggma go CR>m`m J`m h Abmh
VAmbm na Amamon bJmZm h VWm CgH$m AW `h h {H$ dh nyU {H$Vm~
Omo CgZo ggma Ho$ nW-XeZ hoVw ôOr Wr dh EH$ {XZ ^r Cg H$m`
H$mo Z H$a gH$s {OgHo$ {bE dh CVmar JB Wr Ama Cg Ho$ AXa
n[adVZ drH$ma H$aZo H$m AW `h h {H$ dh gXm Ho$ {bE A{ddgZr`
hmo JB h, naVw `{X Eogm hmoVm Vmo `h ^r Amd`H$ Wm {H$ H$moB Z~r
180
Ama H$moB ZB earAV ggma Ho$ nW-XeZ hoVw ôOr OmVr Vm{H$ ggma
earAV Ho$ {~Zm Z ah OmVm &
Bgr H$ma Amn Zo {g {H$`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ A{nVw wXm H$m
òH$ H$bm_ eVmZr hVjon go n{d h & `h H$Xm{n g^d Zht {H$
eVmZ wXm Ho$ H$bm_ _| Hw$N> hVjon H$a gHo$ Mmho Z~r H$s Or^ na
hVjon H$aHo$ Mmho Z~r H$s AmdmO ~Zm H$a AnZr Or^ Ho$ mam &
Amn(A) Zo AnZo AZw^d go ~Vm`m O~ _wP na Omo EH$ Xmg h CVaZo
dmbm H$bm_ òH$ eH$m Ama gXoh go n{d h Vmo {H$g H$ma g^d
h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ na Omo _oao dm_r h
CVaZo dmbm H$bm_ Ama dh ^r Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Omo gXm Ho$ {bE {hXm`V
~ZZo dmbm Wm eVmZr ^md H$mo drH$ma H$a bo, Mmho EH$ nb Ho$ {bE
hr ghr &
Amn(A) Zo _wgb_mZm| H$mo ~Vm`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ {ddgZr` H$bm_
h CgH$s gwajm H$m AmdmgZ wXm VAmbm Zo {X`m h VWm Cg
AmdmgZ H$m {Z^mZm CgZo Bg $n _| {H$`m h {H$ ew ^r CgH$s
gwajm H$mo _mZVo h & AV: CgHo$ _wH$m~bo _| hXrg H$mo aIZm CgH$m
An_mZ H$aZm Ama OmZ-~yP H$a Cg H$m IS>Z H$aZm h & Omo hXrg
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m {damoY H$aVr h dh Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$s hXrg H$Xm{n Zht hmo gH$Vr, `m|{H$ Abmh H$m agyb
Abmh Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$ {d Zht H$h gH$Vm Ama hXrgm| H$m boIZ Eogm
gwa{jV Zht h Ogm {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ gwa{jV h & AV: Hw$AmZ H$ar_
H$mo ~bnydH$ hXrg Ho$ AYrZ Zht H$aZm Mm{hE A{nVw hXrg H$mo Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ Ho$ AYrZ H$aZm Mm{hE & `{X XmoZm| AZwHy$b Z hmo gH|$ Vmo hXrg
H$mo Omo g^d h {H$ {H$gr _Zw` Ho$ OmZ-~yPH$a AWdm {~Zm gmoMog_Po hVjon go {~JS> MwH$s hmo `mJ XoZm Mm{hE &
Amn(A) Zo CZ bmoJm| Ho$ Cma _| Omo `h H$hVo h {H$ g_V Y_
Vmo h_| hXrg go kmV hAm h, ~Vm`m {H$ hXrg Ama Hw$AmZ Ho$
A{V[aV Vrgam _m`_ gwZV h AWmV do H$m` Omo agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo H$aHo$ {XImE VWm Omo ghm~m(a{O.) Zo
{~Zm {H$gr _m`_ Ho$ grYo Vma na XoIH$a Amn go grIo VWm CZHo$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
181
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AZwgma CZH$m nmbZ {H$`m CZHo$ {bE h_| {H$gr _m{IH$ hXrg H$s
Amd`H$Vm Zht & ghm|, bmIm| _wgb_mZm| Zo ghm|, bmIm| _wgb_mZm|
H$mo do H$m` H$aVo hE XoIm VWm CZ go CZHo$ nMmV AmZo dmbm| Zo
grIm & `h gwZV H$^r Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ {dnarV Zht hmoVr & hm
hXrg Omo _m{IH$ dUZ h dh H$^r Hw$AmZ Ho$ {dnarV ^r hmo OmVr h
VWm Cg_| gXoh H$s JwOmè hmoVr h & O~ dh Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$
{dnarV hmo Vmo dh IS>Z-`mo` h Ama O~ CgHo$ AZwHy$b hmo Vmo
drH$ma `mo`, `m|{H$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ gm` h Ama Eo{Vhm{gH$ gm` H$m
AH$maU IS>Z Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm h A`Wm A{YH$me gm` ggma go
{_Q> OmE &
AmnZo Bg {dMma H$s {ZaWH$Vm H$mo ^r H$Q> {H$`m {H$ Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ eX h Ama ~Vm`m
{H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m EH$-EH$ eX wXm H$m H$bm_ h & agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Vmo Ho$db dr H$mo gwZmZo dmbo Wo Z {H$
CgHo$ ~ZmZo dmbo & `h ^_ C{MV Zht {H$ H$bm_ hm|R> Ama Or^
MmhVm h Ama Abmh Ho$ hm|R> Ama Or^ Zht `m|{H$ `h Eogr Ag^d
H$nZm h {H$ EH$ Eogr dVw H$m Xgar dVw Ho$ g_mZ R>hamZm Omo AnZo
JwU Ama gVm _| {~Hw$b {VHy$b h & Abmh VAmbm Vmo
(bgm H${_bhr eCZ) h & Cg na _mZd epV`m|
H$s H$nZm H$aHo$ {ZU` Zht {X`m Om gH$Vm & `{X H$bm_ {~Zm hm|R>
Ho$ Zht hmo gH$Vm Vmo Bgr H$ma H$moB dVw {~Zm hmWm| Ho$ Zht ~ZmB
Om gH$Vr A{nVw ^m{VH$ hmWm| Ho$ {~Zm Zht ~ZmB Om gH$Vr Vmo `m
Abmh Q>m ^r Zht h & AV: {Og H$ma Abmh VAmbm {~Zm
^m{VH$ hmWm| Ho$ Bg g_V gpQ> H$mo CnZ H$a gH$Vm h Cgr H$ma
{~Zm ^m{VH$ hm|R>m| Ama Or^ Ho$ dh AnZr BN>m H$mo AnZo ~Xo na
eXm| _| H$Q> H$a gH$Vm h & AmnZo AnZo AZw^d H$mo VwV {H$`m Ama
~Vm`m {H$ `h ^_ Ho$db Bg Hy$Mo go AZ[^kVm Ho$ H$maU h A`Wm
Abmh VAmbm d` _wP go eXm| _| H$bm_ H$aVm h & AV: O~{H$
dh _wP go eXm| _| H$bm_ H$aVm h Vmo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ go Omo AmX_ H$s g_V gVmZ Ho$ gaXma Ama Abmh VAmbm
182
Ho$ g~go A{YH$ gm{Z`Vm aIZo dmbo Wo `m dh eXm| _| H$bm_ Z
H$aVm hmoJm & Cg go A{YH$ _yI Ama H$mZ hmoJm Omo _yI hmoH$a Bg
~hg _| hVjon H$ao Omo Cg Ho$ kmZ go loR> hmo Ama AkmZr hmoH$a
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ ah`m| H$mo AnZr ~w{ go kmV H$aZo H$m `mg H$ao &
Amn(A) Zo Bg {dMma H$m ^r IS>Z {H$`m {H$ Abmh Ho$ H$bm_
H$m AZwdmX Zht hmo gH$Vm Ama ~Vm`m {H$ O~ VH$ bmoJm| H$mo Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ H$m AW Z nhMm`m OmE do CgH$s {deofVmAm| go H$go n[a{MV
hm|Jo ? {ZgXoh Ho$db AZwdmX H$m Mma EH$ AnamY h `m|{H$ Bggo
bmoJm| H$s _yb B~maV go Xar hmoVr OmEJr Ama g^d h {H$ AZwdmX go
AZwdmX H$aHo$ EH$ g_` do _yb dmV{dH$Vm H$mo `mJ X|, naVw CZ
bmoJm| Ho$ {bE Omo Aa~r ^mfm Zht OmZVo, Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m AZwdmX
`{X _yb B~maV Ho$ gmW hmo Vmo {ZVmV A{Zdm` ~mV h & hm `h
Amd`H$ h {H$ bmoJm| _| Aa~r ^mfm H$mo BVZm M{bV {H$`m OmE {H$
bmoJ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo CgH$s _yb ^mfm _| nT> H$a do ~aH$V| mV
H$a gH|$ Omo {H$ AZwdmX go mV Zht hmo gH$Vt VWm H$_ go H$_
òH$ `pV H$mo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m BVZm ^mJ Ad` {gIm {X`m
OmE Omo Cgo Z_mO _| nT>Zm nS>Vm h &
Amn(A) Zo Bg {dMma H$mo ^r {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ EH$ g{jV {H$Vm~
h Bg_| Hw$N> ~mV| gmHo${VH$ Vma na dUZ H$s JB h A`V nQ> VH$m]
mam IS>Z H$aHo$ ~Vm`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ogr gd njr` gmaJ{^V
{H$Vm~ Vmo ggma _| Zht {_b gH$Vr & `h Vw_ bmoJm| H$m AnZm Xmof
Wm {H$ Bg na {dMma H$aZm Vw_ Zo `mJ {X`m Ama Cg n{dVm H$mo
mV Z {H$`m {Og Ho$ {~Zm Bg Ho$ AWm] H$m BH$m (wXm H$s Amoa
{H$gr ~mV H$m X` _| S>mbm OmZm) _Zw` Ho$ X` na Zht hmoVm
`m|{H$
(bm `_gwh Bbb _wVh$Zm) H$m
dMZ h & AV: AnZr AnyU ~w{ H$mo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s Amoa g~ Z
H$amo & {\$a AmnZo g_V Ym{_H$ {df`m| H$mo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go hr
{ZH$mbH$a VwV {H$`m VWm Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| Ho$ òH$ Amamon H$m
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go hr IS>Z H$aHo$ {XIm {X`m Ama {g H$a {X`m {H$
Am`mp_H$, Ym{_H$ Ama Z{VH$ kmZm| Ho$ g~Y _| Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go
Xm'dVwb A_ra
183
Xm'dVwb A_ra
A{YH$ nQ> Ama {dVV A` H$moB {H$Vm~ Zht & BgHo$ eX g{jV
h, naVw AW EH$ AWmh g_w H$s ^m{V h {H$ EH$-EH$ dm` ~r{g`m|
A{nVw gH$S>m| AW aIVm h Ama CgHo$ {df` òH$ `wJ Ho$ Zm| Ama
gXohm| H$m g_mYmZ H$aVo h Ama òH$ `wJ H$s Amd`H$VmAm| H$mo dh
nyU H$aVm h &
Amn(A) Zo Bg {dMma H$m ^r IS>Z {H$`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ nhbo
H$mo nrN>o Ama nrN>o H$mo nhbo H$aZm go âm hAm h Ama ~Vm`m {H$
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ eX AnZo-AnZo WmZ na Bg H$ma gwgJ{R>V h {H$
Ch| CZHo$ WmZ go H$Xm{n {hbm`m Zht Om gH$Vm & bmoJ AnZr _yIVm
go Bg_| nhbo H$mo nrN>o Ama nrN>o H$mo nhbo H$aZm g_P boVo h A`Wm
Cg_| Omo Hw$N> {Og WmZ na aIm J`m h dhr dhm C{MV ~R>Vm h
VWm Cgo Cgr WmZ na aIZo go dh {deofVm CnZ hmoVr h Omo wXm
VAmbm CnZ H$aZm MmhVm h & AmnZo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ {d{^Z WmZm|
H$s `m`m H$aHo$ Bg {df` Ho$ Am{M` H$mo {g {H$`m VWm CZ bmoJm|
Ho$ ^_m| H$m IS>Z {H$`m Omo AnZr A`mo`Vm Ho$ H$maU nhbo H$mo nrN>o
Ama nrN>o H$mo nhbo H$aZm Ho$ MH$ _| nS>o hE Wo &
AmnZo Bg ~mV na ^r g_rjm H$s {H$ wXm VAmbm Ho$ H$bm_ _|
BmBbr {H$gm| H$mo â {X`m J`m h Ama ~Vm`m {H$ _m Hw$N> KQ>ZmAm|
_| g_mZVm H$m CnZ hmoZm `h {g Zht H$aVm {H$ dmVd _| ò XmoZm|
~mV| EH$ h & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ `{X Hw$N> KQ>ZmAm| H$m {^Z-{^Z eXm| _|
dUZ H$aVm h Vmo CgH$m AW `hr h {H$ dh CZ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo Bg $n
_| drH$ma Zht H$aVm {Og $n _| H$hmZrH$ma Ch| dUZ H$aVo h & `h
^r ~Vm`m {H$ dmVd _| Hw$AmZ H$ar_ A\$gmZm| (H$hm{Z`m|) H$s {H$Vm~
h hr Zht & dh Omo nydH$mbrZ KQ>ZmE ^r dUZ H$aVm h do ^{d`d
H$s ^{d`dm{U`m hmoVr h & CZHo$ dUZ H$aZo H$m Co` `h hmoVm h
{H$ Bgr H$ma H$m _m_bm ^{d` _| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ `m Amn (g.A.d.) H$s C_V Ho$ Hw$N> gX`m| go hmoZo dmbm h &
AV: CgH$s `m`m _| `h{X`m| Ho$ {H$gm| Ama H$hm{Z`m| H$m dUZ H$aZm
CgHo$ Co` H$mo g_mV H$a XoZm h & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ nydH$mbrZ {H$Vm~m|
na ~Vma gmjr Ho$ Am`m h Z {H$ nydH$mbrZ {H$Vm~| Cg na ~Vma
184
gmjr Ho$ h {H$ CgHo$ ~VmE hE {df` Ho$ {d h_ CZ {H$Vm~m| go
gm` _mJ| & h_| Mm{hE {H$ d` Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go CgH$s `m`m H$a|
Ama CgHo$ AW H$mo ~mha go Vbme H$aZo Ho$ WmZ na CgHo$ AXa
Ty>T>| &
Amn Zo `h ^r {g {H$`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ EH$ gnm{XV Ama
lIbm~ {H$Vm~ h & BgHo$ {df` `m| hr âo hE Zht h, A{nVw
({~p_bmh) Ho$ Ama^ go boH$a
(dZmg) VH$
CgH$s Am`Vm| Ama CgH$s gyaVm| _| EH$ H$_ h Omo Eogm loR> Ama
dm^m{dH$ h {H$ {Og `pV H$mo CgH$m kmZ {X`m OmVm h dh CgHo$
^md go _Vr Ama AmZX _| Am OmVm h VWm BgH$s VwbZm _| {H$gr
_mZdr` {H$Vm~ Ho$ H$_ _| AmZX mV Zht H$a gH$Vm & {OZ bmoJm| Zo
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ {df`m| H$mo H$_a{hV R>ham`m h `m {d{^Z KQ>ZmAm|
Ama {df`m| H$m g_yh g_Pm h, Chm|Zo dmVd _| Bg AZwn_ {H$Vm~ Ho$
Am`m_ kmZ go H$moB ^mJ Zht nm`m VWm AnZr _yIVm na Jd H$aZo
bJo VWm AnZo AnkmZ na âmogm H$a ~R>o h & CZH$m {dMma {~Hw$b
JbV Ama {_`m h & Amn(A) Zo Hw$AmZ Ho$ {df`m| Ho$ H$_ H$mo CXmhaUm|
mam {g {H$`m VWm ggma H$mo AmM` _| S>mb {X`m &
Amn(A) Zo AnZo AZw^d Ama AdbmoH$Z Ama g~yVm| mam Bg {dMma
H$m ^r IS>Z {H$`m {H$ A~ Abmh VAmbm H$bm_ Zht H$aVm Ama
~Vm`m {H$ Abmh VAmbm H$s H$moB {deofVm W{JV Zht O~{H$ dh
nhbo H$s ^m{V A~ ^r XoIVm Ama gwZVm h Vmo `m H$maU h {H$ dh
A~ ~mobZo go H$ J`m h & earAV Ama dVw h VWm Ho$db dr Vmo
CgH$s gZVm Ho$ H$Q>Z H$m EH$ _m`_ h CgHo$ ~X hmoZo H$m AW
`h h {H$ CgH$s gZVm Ho$ _mJ ~X hmo JE & wXm H$m H$bm_ H$^r
~X Zht hmo gH$Vm ggma _| O~ VH$ _Zw` {d_mZ h Ama O~ VH$
_Zw`m| _| go Hw$N> _Zw` Abmh VAmbm H$s gZVm mpV hoVw gMo
X` go `mgaV h Ama Bbm_r {ejm na H$màV h Cg g_` VH$
wXm VAmbm H$m H$bm_ CVaVm ahoJm &
AV: AmH$mer` {H$Vm~m| Ama wXm VAmbm Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$ g~Y _|
{OVZr ^mpV`m bmoJm| _| \$br hB Wt Ama {OZ Ho$ H$maU B_mZ H$m `h
Xm'dVwb A_ra
185
Xm'dVwb A_ra
V^ {~Hw$b dV hmo MwH$m Wm Amn(A) Zo CZ H$m {ZdmaU {H$`m VWm
Cg V^ H$mo nwZ: _yb AmYmam| na Wm{nV {H$`m VWm wXm Ho$ H$bm_
H$s _yb loR>Vm Ama dmV{dH$Vm H$mo {g H$aHo$ d^mdm| H$mo BgH$s Amoa
AmH${fV {H$`m VWm CgHo$ H$me H$mo CZ nXm] Ho$ ZrMo go {ZH$mbm Omo
Cg na _wgb_mZm| Zo AnZr _yIVm Ho$ H$maU S>mb aIo Wo & A` H$m_|
^r Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ H$me H$mo XoIH$a AmM` M{H$V ah JB A{nVw
bmoJ CgHo$ H$me H$s Am^m go AnZr AmI| Zht Imob gH$Vo h &
Bbm_ H$m MmWm V^ Z{~`m| na B_mZ bmZm h & Bg V^
na ^r dmV{dH$Vm go Xa Ama Am`mp_H$Vm go [aV _wgb_mZm| Zo ~S>r
{d{M H$ma H$s aJr{Z`m â Xr Wt VWm Cg Ho$ $n H$mo Z Ho$db
n[ad{VV H$a {X`m Wm A{nVw CgH$m $n Eogm Hw$$n H$aHo$ {XIm`m Wm
{H$ AnZm| Ho$ X` Z{~`m| Ho$ o_ go Imbr hmo JE Wo VWm A` bmoJm|
Ho$ X` CZ go KUm H$aZo bJo Wo & g` `h h {H$ {OVZr Jm{b`m Bg
g_` agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo Xr Om ahr h CZHo$
CmamXm`r ò _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbo bmoJ h Z {H$ H$moB Ama & BgmB
Ama Bbm_ Ho$ A` {damoYr AnZr Amoa go BVZm PyR> ~Zm-~Zm H$a
AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ na Eo{VamO Zht H$aVo {OVZm {H$
CZ [adm`Vm| (dUZm|) Ho$ H$maU Eo{VamO H$aVo h Omo d` _wgb_mZm| Zo
dUZ H$s h Ama {OZ H$mo _wgb_mZm| Zo drH$ma H$a {b`m h VWm {OZ
H$mo do ~Vma hm`mnX MwQ>Hw$bm| Ho$ AnZr g^mAm| _| dUZ H$aVo h VWm
AnZo _Mm| na {OZ H$s MMm H$aVo h & Amh ! EH$ dm{^_mZr
_wgb_mZ H$m X` Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o hmo OmVm h O~ dh XoIVm h {H$ EH$
_wgb_mZ hr H$s V`ma H$s hB Vbdma go Z{~`m| Ho$ gaXma _wh_X
_wV\$m gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ g`_ H$s MmXa H$mo Bbm_ H$m
EH$ ew AnZo {_`m ^_ Ho$ AVJV ga na {_>r S>mbVo hE \$mS> ahm
h & dmVd _| dh d` Cg _wIr H$s _wIVm H$mo H$Q> H$a ahm
hmoVm h, naVw `jV`m `hr g_Pm OmVm h {H$ dh agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ gXmMmam| Ho$ Xmofm| H$mo H$Q> H$a ahm h &
Z~r ggma _| Bg{bE AmVo h {H$ ZoH$s Ama g`_ H$mo Wm{nV
H$a| VWm {hXm`V H$mo Omar H$a|, naVw _wgb_mZm| Zo "\$Oo AmdO'
186
({ZVmV nW ^Q>Vm Ama nVZ) Ho$ `wJ _| Z{~`m| H$s Amoa do Xmof
g~ H$a {XE h {OZ H$mo gwZH$a Ama nT> H$a H$boOm _wI H$mo AmVm
h & AmX_ Ab{hgbm_ go boH$a agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ VH$ òH$ Z~r Ho$ Chm|Zo nmn {JZdmE h & AmX_(A) H$mo
nmnr {g {H$`m h {H$ Chm|Zo gm\$ Ama nQ> wXm Ho$ AmXoem| H$s
Kmoa Adkm H$s Wr, Zyh Ab{hgbm_ H$mo nmnr {g {H$`m h {H$
Chm|Zo ~mdOyX _Zm {H$E OmZo Ho$ AnZo nw Ho$ {bE XAm H$s, hOaV
B~mhr_ H$mo nmnr {g {H$`m h {H$ Chm|Zo (ZmD$Ow{~bmhm {_Z
Om{bH$m) VrZ PyR> ~mobo Wo, hOaV `m'Hy$~ H$mo nmnr {g {H$`m h
{H$ Chm|Zo Ogo AnZo {nVm H$mo _`w-e`m na YmoIm {X`m Wm Ama
AnZo ~S>o ^mB Ho$ WmZ na ôf ~Xb H$a AnZo {nVm go XAm mV
H$a br Wr, `ygw\$ Ab{hgbm_ H$mo nmnr {g {H$`m h {H$ Chm|Zo
AOrO H$s nZr Ho$ gmW XamMma H$aZo H$m BamXm H$a {b`m Wm VWm
Bg H$m` Ho$ {bE {~Hw$b V`ma hmo JE Wo, `hm VH$ {H$ ~mdOyX H$B
T>Jm| go g_PmZo Ho$ Zht g_PVo Wo AVV: `m'Hy$~ H$s AmH${V gm_Zo
AmB Vmo bOm Ho$ H$maU Bg H$` go hQ> JE & Bgr H$ma H$hm
OmVm h {H$ dm`mdWm _| Chm|Zo Mmoar H$s Wr Ama EH$ ~ma Chm|Zo
AnZo ^mB H$mo AnZo nmg aIZo Ho$ {bE H$nQ> ^r {H$`m Wm & hOaV
_ygm Ab{hgbm_ na `h Amamon bJm`m OmVm h {H$ Chm|Zo EH$
`pV H$m AH$maU dY {H$`m Ama EH$ ~S>m nmn H$aZo dmbo hE,
{\$a N>b go bmoJm| Ho$ _mb boH$a ^mJ JE & XmD$X Ab{hgbm_ na
`h Amamon bJm`m J`m h {H$ Chm|Zo EH$ `pV H$s nZr H$mo
N>rZZo Ho$ {bE CgH$m AdY Vma na dY H$adm {X`m VWm CgH$s
nZr go {ZH$mh H$a {b`m Ama AVV: Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go
CZH$s S>mQ>-S>nQ> hB & gwb_mZ Ab{hgbm_ na `h Amamon bJm`m
J`m h {H$ dh EH$ VdmXr r na _wY hmo JE Ama eVmZ Zo
CZ na A{YH$ma O_m {b`m, CZHo$ WmZ na dh d` emgZ H$aZo
bJm VWm `h {H$ _mb Ho$ o_ Zo CZ na ^wd O_m {b`m VWm
dh wXm H$s CnmgZm go d{MV ah JE & KmoS>m| H$m {ZarjU H$aVo
hE Z_mO nT>Zm hr ^yb JE Ama gy` AV hmo J`m & agybo H$ar_
Xm'dVwb A_ra
187
Xm'dVwb A_ra
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ CnH$mam| Ho$ ZrMo CZ bmoJm| Ho$ ga
PwHo$ hE Wo VWm H$U-H$U {OZHo$ BZm_m| Ho$ ZrMo X~m hAm Wm, CZ
na CZ bmoJm| Zo gdm{YH$ AmH$_U {H$E h VWm Amn Ho$ OrdZ H$m
H$moB ^mJ Zht N>moS>m {Og na Amamon Z bJm`m hmo & Hw$N> Zo H$h
{X`m {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) hOaV Abr(a{O.) H$mo AnZm Cmam{YH$mar
~ZmZm MmhVo Wo naVw bmoJm| Ho$ ^` go Hw$N> Z H$a gHo$, Hw$N> Zo
H$hm {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) (ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m) AnZr \y$\$s
H$s nwr H$mo XoI H$a Cg na AmgV hmo JE Ama AVV: Abmh
VAmbm Zo OX go VbmH$ {XbdmH$a CZH$mo Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ {ZH$mh
_| {X`m & Hw$N> Zo H$hm {H$ Amn AnZr nZr H$s EH$ Xmgr go Nw>nNw>n H$a ghdmg {H$`m H$aVo Wo & EH$ {XZ nZr Zo XoI {b`m Vmo
Amn ~hV bpOV hE VWm Cg nZr go U {H$`m {H$ nwZ: Amn
Eogm Zht H$a|Jo Ama Cg go U {b`m {H$ dh Ama {H$gr H$mo Z
~VmE & Hw$N> H$hVo h {H$ Amn Ho$ X` _| H$^r-H$^r `h BN>m
hAm H$aVr Wr {H$ Bbm_r {ejm _| Hw$N> Z_u hmo OmE Ama Eogr
{ejm CVao Omo Aa~ Ho$ VdmXr ^r drH$ma H$a b|, CZ Ho$
Ahgmgm| Ama ^mdZmAm| H$m ^r `mZ aIm OmE &
ò do {dMma h Omo Bg g_` Ho$ _wgb_mZm| _| Z{~`m| Ho$ g~Y _|
M{bV h Ama Hw$N> Vmo BVZo AmJo {ZH$b JE h {H$ CZHo$ `pVJV
M[a go JwOa H$a Chm|Zo CZHo$ Ym{_H$ M[a na ^r AmH$_U H$a {X`m
h Ama H$hVo h {H$ Z~r dmVd _| Xoe-o_r Wo {Ohm|Zo `h XoI H$a
{H$ bmoJ Bg AmWm H$mo drH$ma {H$E {~Zm {H$ H$moB {V\$b Ama XS>
XoZo H$m {XZ h, dJ-ZH$ g` h, ZmJ[aH$Vm H$s gr_mAm| Ho$ AXa Zht
ah gH$Vo Wo, ew^ Zr`V Ho$ gmW g_`mZwgma bmoJm| H$mo AmXoe Xo {XE,
Bhm_ H$m Xmdm C{MV Z Wm, naVw ew^ Zr`V Ama CM Va H$s
Z{VH$ {ejm VwV H$aZo Ho$ H$maU do g_mZZr` h Ama ~mdOyX Bg
H$ma H$s AmWmAm| Ho$ do _wgb_mZ H$hbmVo h &
hOaV AH$Xg {_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Zo Ohm
A` AmWmAm| H$m IS>Z {H$`m VWm CZ_| h_| gX_mJ ~Vm`m dhm CZ
{dMmam| Ho$ g~Y _| ^r _wgb_mZ VWm A` bmoJm| H$mo Bbm_ H$s ghr
188
{ejm go AdJV {H$`m & Amn Zo ~Vm`m {H$ Z~r ggma _| ZoH$s Wm{nV
H$aZo Ho$ {bE AmVo h VWm Bg {bE bmoJm| Ho$ {bE CXmhaU hmoVo h &
`{X do CXmhaU Z hm| Vmo {\$a CZ Ho$ AdV[aV hmoZo H$s `m
Amd`H$Vm h, `m| Z AmH$me go Ho$db {H$Vm~ hr CVmar OmE &
Z{~`m| Ho$ AmZo H$m Co` hr `h hmoVm h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$WZ
H$mo bmoJ {H$`m_H$ $n _| XoI b| VWm CZH$s {H$`m_H$ AmH${V go
empXH$ dmV{dH$Vm H$mo kmV H$a| VWm CZHo$ CXmhaU go gmhg ~Q>moa
H$a ZoH$s Ho$ _mJ _| CZ{V H$a| & CZ H$s n{d epV go epV mV
H$aHo$ AnZr H$_Omo[a`m| na {dO` mV H$a| &
Amn(A) Zo ggma H$mo {ejm Xr {H$ bmoJ Z{~`m| Ho$ g~Y _| {OZ
Xmofm| _| JV h CgH$m H$maU CZH$s AkmZVm h, do Abmh VAmbm Ho$
H$bm_ H$mo g_PZo H$m `mg Zht H$aVo VWm {~Zm OmM-nS>Vmb Ho$
AnZr ~mV H$mo \$bmZm Ama^ H$a XoVo h & Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g_V
Z~r Xmofm| go n{d hmoVo h, _mgy_ hmoVo h, do g` H$m Or{dV Z_yZm
VWm d\$mXmar H$s OrdV _y{V hmoVo h, do Abmh VAmbm H$s {deofVmAm|
Ho$ moVH$ hmoVo h, Ama nQ>Vm Ama gwXaVm Ho$ gmW Abmh VAmbm Ho$
nmdZ, n{d Ama {ZXm}f hmoZo H$s Amoa gHo$V H$aVo h & dmVd _| do
EH$ XnU hmoVo h {Og_| XamMmar m`: AnZr AmH${V XoI H$a AnZr
Hw$$nVm Ama ~XgyaVr H$mo CZH$s Amoa g~ H$a XoVo h & Z AmX_(A)
earAV H$m VmoS>Zo dmbm Wm, Z Zyh(A) nmnr Wm, Z B~mhr_(A) Zo H$^r
PyR> ~mobm, Z `mHy$~(A) Zo YmoIm {X`m, Z `ygw\$(A) Zo ~wamB H$m BamXm
{H$`m `m Mmoar H$s `m H$nQ> {H$`m, Z _ygm(A) Zo AH$maU H$moB dY
{H$`m, Z XmD$X(A) Zo {H$gr H$s nZr H$mo AdY T>J go N>rZm, Z
gwb_mZ(A) Zo {H$gr VdmXr r Ho$ o_ _| AnZo H$m`m| H$mo ^wbm`m `m
KmoS>m| Ho$ o_ _| Z_mO go bmnadmhr H$s, Z agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Zo H$moB N>moQ>m `m ~S>m nmn {H$`m, Amn (g.A.d.) H$m
ApVd g_V Xmofm| go n{d Wm Ama g_V nmnm| go gwa{jV Ama
nmdZ & Omo Amn gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo Xmofr R>hamVm h dh
d` AnZr JXJr H$mo H$Q> H$aVm h, ò g_V H$hm{Z`m Omo AmnHo$
g~Y _| {g h, Hw$N>, _wIr bmoJm| H$s [adm`V| h Omo Eo{Vhm{gH$ Vma
Xm'dVwb A_ra
189
Xm'dVwb A_ra
na {g Zht hmo gH$Vt, Amn (g.A.d.) H$m eof OrdZ BZ [adm`Vm|
Ho$ {~Hw$b {dnarV h & Bg H$ma H$s {OVZr ~mV| Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$
Ama A` Z{~`m| Ho$ g~Y _| {g h do `m Vmo _wZm{\$H$m| (_wIr) Ho$
Amamonm| H$s eof _{V`m h AWdm wXm Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$ JbV Ama `WmW
Ho$ {d AW {ZH$mbZo go CnZ hB h &
Amn(A) Zo A`V nQ> $n go Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go AH$mQ>` g~yVm| mam
{g H$a {X`m {H$ dmVd _| Bg H$ma Ho$ {dMma Bbm_r {ejm Ho$
{d h Ama _yb ~mV Vmo `h h {H$ ò {dMma _wgb_mZm| _| BgmB`m| go
AmE Wo, `m|{H$ BgmB`m| Zo hOaV _grh(A) H$s wXmB {g H$aZo Ho$ {bE
`h T>J AnZm aIm Wm {H$ do g_V Z{~`m| H$mo Xmofmamo{nV H$aVo Wo
Vm{H$ bmoJm| H$mo kmV hmo {H$ My{H$ nmnm| go n{d hOaV _grh h
Bg{bE dh Ad` _mZdVm go CM epV`m aIVo Wo Ama `hr H$maU
h {H$ _wgb_mZm| _| ^r g_V Z{~`m| Ho$ Xmof Vmo {JZmE OmVo h Ama
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ VH$ Amamon bJmE OmVo h,
naVw hOaV _grh(A) H$mo {~Hw$b {ZXm}f R>ham`m OmVm h Ama Amn hr
H$mo Zht A{nVw Amn H$s _mVm H$mo ^r {~Hw$b n{d R>ham`m OmVm h &
`m `h Bg ~mV H$m n`mV _mU Zht {H$ ò {_`m H$hm{Z`m VWm
K{UV {H$go _wgb_mZm| _| BgmB`m| go hr AmE h {OZ Ho$ X^md H$mo
`m Vmo EH$ hr WmZ na {Zdmg Ho$ H$maU _wgb_mZm| Zo drH$ma H$a
{b`m `m Hw$N> Cndr Ama XM[a bmoJm| Zo `jV: Bbm_ drH$ma
H$aHo$ Bg H$ma H$s bOmOZH$ Ama {_`m ~mV| _wgb_mZm| _| \$bmZm
Ama^ H$a Xt {Oh| ma^ _| Vmo h_mao B{VhmgH$mam| Ama hXrgdommAm| Zo
AnZr `m{V mV B_mZXmar go H$m_ boH$a ghr [adm`Vm| Ho$ gmW
gH${bV H$a {X`m Wm Vm{H$ {damoYr Ama gh`moJr g_V [adm`V| bmoJm|
VH$ nhM OmE, naVw ~mX _| AmZo dmbo A`mo` bmoJm| Zo Omo Zw~wdV Ho$
H$me go [aV hmo MwHo$ Wo CZ eVmZr ^_m| H$mo Vmo drH$ma H$a {b`m
Omo Hw$AmZr {ejm Ho$ {d Wo VWm CZ ghr [adm`Vm| H$mo AZXoIm H$a
{X`m Omo Z{~`m| H$s _`mXm Ama n{dVm H$mo {g H$aVr Wt VWm CZ
^_m| Ho$ {bE VoO Vbdma Ho$ g_mZ Wt, {OZH$s MmoQ> H$mo do {~Hw$b
ghZ Zht H$a gH$Vo Wo &
190
naVw wXm H$m Am^ma {H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo Bg JXJr H$mo H$Q>
H$a {X`m VWm Z{~`m| Ho$ C{MV WmZ H$mo nwZ: Wm{nV H$a {X`m, CZ
Ho$ g_mZm| H$s gwajm H$s, {deofH$a agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$s {VR>m Ama Amn (g.A.d.) H$s n{dVm H$mo Vmo Z Ho$db
eXm| _| dUZ {H$`m A{nVw Eogo epVembr g~yVm| Ho$ _m`_ go {g
{H$`m {H$ ew H$m _wI ^r ~X hmo J`m & hOaV AH$Xg(A) Ho$
H$WZmZwgma :Xm'dVwb A_ra
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
191
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(AZwdmX :- (1) òH$ Z~r g` H$m gy` Wm Ama ha agyb
{ZVmV H$me_mZ gyaO Wm &
(2) ha agyb Y_ H$mo eaU XoZo dmbr N>m`m Wr & Bgr H$ma
òH$ Z~r EH$ \$bXma CmZ Wm &
(3) `{X `h n{d O_mAV ggma _| Z AmVr Vmo Y_ H$m H$m`
{~Hw$b AV-`V ah OmVm &
(4) Omo `pV BZ Ho$ AmJ_Z H$m `WmWmZ Y`dmX Zht H$aVm,
dh dmVd _| wXm H$s Z_Vm| H$m BH$mar h &
(5) do g~Ho$ g~ EH$ hr grn Ho$ gm aZ h Omo ApVd Ama
_yb Ama Am^m _| g_mZ h &
(6) gd W_ AmX_ Ama g~go AV _| Ah_X (g.A.d.) h &
_w~maH$ `pV dh h Omo Am{ar H$mo XoI bo &
(7) g_V Z~r H$me_mZ d^md aIZo dmbo h naVw Ah_X
(g.A.d.) CZ g_V go A{YH$ H$me_mZ h &
(8) ò g_V _m'[a\$V H$s ImZ Wo, CZ_| go òH$ wXm Ho$ _mJ
H$m _mJ-XeH$ Wm &
(9) {Ogo ^r wXm Ho$ EHo$dadmX H$m Hw$N> kmZ h, CgHo$ kmZ H$m
_yb {H$gr nJ~a go h &
(10) dh kmZ Cgo CZH$s {ejm go hr nhMm h `{n A~ dh
A{^_mZ Ho$ H$maU BH$mar hmo OmE &
(11) EH$ nW-^Q> Ama An{d H$m_ Eogr ^r h Omo BZ _mgy_m|
H$m BH$ma H$aVr h &
(12) CZH$s pQ> Zo g` H$m _wI H$^r Zht XoIm, Bg{bE Chm|Zo
Bg {ddmX _| a{OQ>a H$mbo H$a S>mbo &
(13) CZHo$ X^m` H$mo XoI {H$ AnZr AmI na Jd H$aVo h Ama
gy` go ^mJVo h &
(14) `{X AmI H$mo gy` H$s Amd`H$Vm Z hmoVr Vmo H$moB ^r
`pV M_JmXS> go A{YH$ Vrd pQ> dmbm Zht hmoVm &
(15) O~ CgZo gpQ> Ho$ _` ew^ Ama Aew^ H$m W_ {Xdg go
hr {dVaU {H$`m h &
192
(16) Vmo g` CZ bmoJm| Ho$ ^mJ _| Am`m Ama A` Ho$ ^m` _|
Ag` hr Am`m &
(17) CZH$m H$WZ `h h {H$ CZHo$ A{V[aV A` bmoJm| _| gH$S>m|
PyR>o Ama _H$ma AmE h &
(18) M_H$Xma aZ H$mo `{X Vy _{bZ H$h Xo Vmo Bg go M_H$sbo
aZ H$m _y` KQ> gH$Vm h &
(19) _mgy_ na ^gZm, H$^r Zht H$hbmVr & Bg go Vmo `h {g
hmoVm h {H$ Vy d` XamMmar h &)*
B_mZ H$m nmMdm V^ _`monamV (b` Ho$ {XZ) CR>m`m OmZm
VWm dJ-ZH$ na B_mZ bmZm h & Bg V^ H$mo {JamZo Ho$ {bE ^r
_wgb_mZm| Zo nyam ~b Ama epV bJmB Wr, X` Vmo {ZM` hr
_`monamV CR>mE OmZo Ho$ BH$mar hmo MwH$o Wo, `m|{H$ `{X `h Z hmoVm Vmo
Bbm_r {ejm H$mo Bg H$ma nrR> nrN>o `m| S>mb {X`m OmVm ? `j
Vma na ^r bmoJm| _| BgHo$ g~Y _| ~S>o {d{M {dMma \$b aho Wo & dJ
H$s Omo $n-aoIm _wgb_mZm| Ho$ _pVH$m| _| g_m JB Wr dh ~Vm ahr Wr
{H$ dJ H$m _yb AW bmoJm| Ho$ _pVH$m| go {ZH$b MwH$m h & dJ A~
`m dVw ah JB Wr, EH$ ^moJ-{dbmg H$m WmZ, Ogo Bg ggma _| _Zw`
H$s Cn{m Ho$db Bg Co` hoVw Wr {H$ dh EH$ Eogo WmZ na Om ~go
Ohm òH$ H$ma Ho$ ImZo-nrZo H$s dVwE hm| Ama p`m hm| Ama CZH$m
gmW hmo & O~ `h mV hmo J`m Vmo g~ Hw$N> mV hmo J`m, hmbm{H$
Abmh VAmbm H $w AmZ H$ar_ _| \ $a_mVm h {H$ _Zw` H$s Cn{m H$m _yb
Co` `h h {H$ ({b`m'~wXZ ) Bg{bE {H$ dh _oar
CnmgZm H$ao & AWmV Eogr pW{V YmaU H$ao {H$ _oar {deofVmAm| H$mo AnZo
AXa YmaU H$a bo `m|{H$ XmgVm Ho$ AW {dZ` Ama A` dVw Ho$ {Mhm|
H$mo drH$ma H$a boZo Ho$ hmoVo h & AV: `h {dMma H$aZm {H$ _Zw`
nMmg-gmR> df VH$ Vmo Bg H$m` H$mo H$aoJm, {OgHo$ {bE CnZ {H$`m
J`m Wm, VnMmV EH$ Z g_mV hmoZo dmbo g_` H$mo ImZo-nrZo Ama
^moJ-{dbmg _| `VrV H$aoJm Omo A`V _yIV m Wr & Bgr H$ma ZH$ Ho$
g~Y _| {dMma {H$`m OmVm Wm {H$ Bg_| Abmh VAmbm H$m{\$am| H$mo EH$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
* VwV AZwdmX, AZwdmXH$ H$s Amoa go h & (AZwdmXH$)
193
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Z g_mV hmoZo dmbo H$mon Ho$ {bE S>mb XoJm Ama EH$ H$R>mao emgH$ H$s
^m{V {\$a H$^r CZ na X`m Z H$aoJm &
hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo BZ {dMmam| H$m ^r IS>Z {H$`m, VWm VH$m]
Ama M_H$mam| go _`monamV CR>mE OmZo na B_mZ H$mo bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _|
Wm{nV {H$`m VWm ggma Ho$ AWm`r hmoZo Ama nabmoH$ Ho$ OrdZ H$s
{deofVm Ama loR>Vm H$mo H$me_mZ {Xdg H$s ^m{V H$Q> H$aHo$ bmoJm|
Ho$ X`m| _| CgHo$ AZwgma H$m` H$aZo H$s BN>m H$mo OmJV {H$`m & Bgr
H$ma dJ Ho$ g~Y _| Omo `W {dMma bmoJm| Ho$ Wo CZ H$mo ^r Xa
{H$`m, `h ^_ ^r Xa {H$`m {H$ dJ Ho$db EH$ $nH$ h Ama {g
{H$`m {H$ dJ H$m ApVd EH$ dmV{dH$Vm h & Bg {dMma Ho$ XmofnyU hmoZo H$mo ^r {g {H$`m {H$ Ogo dh Bg ggma H$s ^m{V h, naVw
Bg go A{YH$ {demb n_mZo H$m Amam_ Ama {dbmg H$m WmZ h Ama
~Vm`m {H$ dmVd _| Cg WmZ H$s Z_V| Bg ggma go {~Hw$b {^Z h
Ama dmVd _| `hm H$s ^m{VH$ Z_V| Bg ggma H$s CnmgZmAm| Ho$ ge
h & Ogo `hm H$s Am_m dhm H$m eara h Ama dhm H$s Am_m EH$
Ama CZ{V mV dVw h {OgH$s epV`m Bg Am_m go ~hV CM
hm|Jr, {Og H$ma [H$ dr` H$s Am`mp_H$ epV`m| go CnZ hmoZo dmbo
_Zw` H$s Am`mp_H$ epV`m loR> hmoVr h &
Bgr H$ma Amn(A) Zo `h {g {H$`m {H$ ZH$ H$m H$mon {Ogo bmoJ Z
g_mV hmoZo dmbm H$hVo h dmVd _| EH$ g_` na Om H$a g_mV hmo
OmEJm, dh h_oem Ho$ {bE h AWmV EH$ A`V XrK Ad{Y VH$ OmZo dmbm
h naVw dh Agr{_V Zht h AVV: g_mV {H$`m OmEJm, `m|{H$ Abmh
VAmbm Omo AnZo ApVd Ho$ g~Y _| \ $a_mVm h (ah_Vr d{gAV Hw$bm eBZ) CgH$s emZ go Xa h {H$ EH$ Aghm` ~Xo
H$mo Z g_mV hmoZo dmbm H$mon Xo Ama O~{H$ H $w AmZ H$ar_ dJ Ho$ BZm_m|
H$mo
(Ja m _O{y O
Z) Ama
(Ja mo __Zy{ZZ)
R>hamVm h Ama ZH$ Ho$ H$mon Ho$ g~Y _| ò eX `moJ Zht H$aVm, Vmo
Amd`H$ h {H$ XmoZm| _| Hw$N> AVa hmo, {\$a ~Xm `m| wXm H$s bJmB hB
eVm] H$mo `mJ Xo ? {deofV`m O~{H$ d` agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H $w AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ AWm] H$s `m`m BZ eXm| _| H$a X| {H$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
194
(`mVr Abm OhZ_m

`m_Zw _m \ $shm {_Z ~Zr AmX_m AhXZ Vw\ $H$mo Adm~whm) AWmV ZH$
na EH$ g_` Eogm AmEJm {H$ CgHo$ AXa EH$ `pV ^r Z ahoJm Ama
CgH$r ma IQ>IQ>mE OmEJo &'' {H$gr H$m `m A{YH$ma h {H$ wXm H$s X`m
Ama CgHo$ daXmZ H$mo gr_m~ H$ao ?
BZ B_mZ Ho$ V^m| Ho$ A{V[aV `dhm[aH$ ^mJ _| ^r ~hV ~S>o~S>o n[adVZ CnZ hmo JE Wo & Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo dYVm na ~b Xo aIm
Wm, CZH$s `h AmWm hmo ahr Wr {H$ `pV
(bm Bbmhm Bbbmh _wh_Xagybwbmh) H$h Xo Ama {\$a Omo Mmho
H$ao & CZ bmoJm| H$m `h {ddmg Wm {H$ `{X h_ bmoJ nmn Z H$a|Jo Vmo
agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ {g\$m[ae {H$g H$s H$a|Jo &
Hw$N> bmoJm| H$m `h {dMma hmo ahm Wm {H$ earAV _yb Co` Zht
dh Vmo wXm VH$ nhMmZo Ho$ {bE EH$ ZmH$m Ho$ g_mZ h & AV: O~
_Zw` wXm H$mo mV H$a bo Vmo {\$a Cgo Cg ZmH$m _| ~R>o ahZo H$s
`m Amd`H$Vm h &
Hw$N> bmoJ `h {dMma H$aVo Wo earAV Ho$ AmXoe dmVd _| AmV[aH$
_m_bm| Ho$ {bE `j {ZemZ h & {Og g_` agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ AdV[aV hE Cg g_` bmoJm| H$s pW{V g`Vm H$s
pQ> go {~Hw$b Ama{^H$ Wr Ama bmoJ OmZdam| H$s ^m{V Wo & `j
na {deof ~b {X`m OmVm Wm & A~ kmZ H$m `wJ h, A~ bmoJ ~hV
g_PXma hmo JE h, A~ CZ `j [admOm| H$s nm~Xr Hw$N> Amd`H$
Zht & `{X H$moB `pV dN>Vm aIVm h, wXm H$m X` _| _aU
H$aVm h, H$m_ H$m emoH$-gVmn X` _| aIVm h, {ZYZm| H$s ghm`Vm
{H$`m H$aVm h, ImZ-nmZ _| gmdYmZr H$aVm h, H$m_r H$m`m] _| ^mJ
boVm h Vmo `hr CgH$s Z_mO Ama `hr CgH$m Cndmg Ama `hr CgH$s
OH$mV Ama `hr CgH$m hO h &
Hw$N> bmoJ Eogo h Omo H$hVo h {H$ `{X agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ go EH$ {deof H$ma H$m nmOm_m nhZZm {g h Vmo
Cgr H$ma H$m nmOm_m nhZZm Mm{hE Ama `{X Amn g.A.d. Zo ~mb
b~o aIo hE Wo Vmo h_| ^r ~mb b~o aIZo Mm{hE & AmJo Bgr na
195
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AZw_mZ H$aVo hE Hw$N> bmoJ {dMma H$aVo h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$m H$moB A{YH$ma Z Wm {H$ bmoJm| H$mo Hw$N> AmXoe
XoVo & dh h_mar hr H$ma Ho$ _Zw` h Omo Hw$N> Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| Am
J`m h dh g~yV h eof g~ {_`m h &
Hw$N> bmoJ H$hVo h {H$ A_wH$-A_wH$ ~wOwJm] Zo Omo Hw$N> H$h {X`m,
H$h {X`m & CZHo$ {dMma Ho$ {d A` H$moB ~mV dH$maUr` Zht &
h_mam H$V` h {H$ AYmYwY CZH$m AZwgaU H$a| &
ò Vmo gmpVH$ ~mV| h & A~ ahr emImE, CZ _| Ama ^r AYoa
h & Hw$N> bmoJ A` ^mfmAm| H$m nT>Zm ^r Hw$\$ R>hamVo h, Hw$N> bmoJ
ZdrZ {ejmAm| H$m grIZm B_mZ Ho$ {d g_PVo h, CZH$s VwbZm _|
_wgb_mZm| H$m EH$ ^mJ `mO {OgHo$ gX^ _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm
h (\$mOZy {~h{~p_Zbmho) dY R>hamVm h &
Z_mO, amoOm (Cndmg) OH$mV, {dagm ({H$gr H$s _`monamV {_bZo
dmbr gn{m) òH$ ~mV Ho$ g~Y _| BVZr _VôX h {H$ dmV{dH$Vm
{~Hw$b Nw>n H$a ah JB h VWm N>moQ>r go N>moQ>r ~mV H$mo _yb Bbm_
R>ham {X`m OmVm h VWm BgHo$ {d H$aZo dmbo Ho$ gmW PJS>m {H$`m
OmVm h, _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbm| Zo AnZo ^mB`m| H$s CJ{b`m Bg{bE
VmoS> Xt h {H$ do VehX (EH$ wXm H$s Jdmhr XoZm Ama _wh_X
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo wXm H$m agyb _mZZo H$s Jdmhr XoZm)
H$s CJbr `m| IS>r H$aVo h, Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s {VbmdV H$aZo dmbo
_wIm| _| _b Am{X H$s JX{J`m S>mbr h {H$ Bg _wI go D$Mo da _|
Am_rZ `m| {ZH$br Wr & AV: `dhm[aH$ ^mJ ^r Bgr n[adVZ Ama
Bgr {dH$ma H$m {eH$ma hmo ahm h Omo {H$ AmWm go g~{YV ^mJ Wm &
hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo Bg ^mJ H$m ^r gwYma {H$`m VWm EH$ Amoa
dYVm Ho$ T>J H$mo {_`m {g {H$`m Ama ~Vm`m {H$ {g\$m[ae CZ bmoJm|
Ho$ {bE h Omo nmn go ~MZo H$m nyam `mg H$aVo h naVw {\$a Hw$N>
H$maUm| go CZ _| {Ja OmVo h Ama Hw$N> bmnadm{h`m CZ H$s eof ah
OmVr h, Z {H$ CZHo$ {bE Omo {g\$m[ae Ho$ {bE nmn H$aVo h &
{g\$m[ae nmn H$s g_mpV Ho$ {bE Wr Z {H$ nmn Ho$ Mma Ho$ {bE &
Bgr H$ma `h ~Vm`m {H$ `{n earAV _yb Co` Zht naVw
196
~XJr _yb Co` h & AV: Abmh VAmbm Zo {Og H$m` H$m AmXoe {X`m
Ama {Og g_` VH$ {X`m h CgH$m nmbZ H$aZm Mm{hE & Abmh VAmbm
H$m gm{Z` H$moB gr{_V dVw Zht {H$ H$hm OmE {H$ A~ gm{Z` mV
hmo J`m h A~ CnmgZm H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht & agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ogm _Zw` O~ _`w VH$
(B`mH$m
Zm'~wXmo) Ama
(Bh{XZpgamVb_wVH$s_) H$hVm
(a~o {OXZr B_Z) H$hZo H$m AmXoe
ahm Ama Amn H$mo
{_bm Vmo Ama H$mZ `pV h Omo H$ho {H$ _ AnZo JV` VH$ nhM J`m
h, A~ _wPo CnmgZm (B~mXV) H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht & dmVd _| Bg
H$ma H$s {dMmaYmam dmbo bmoJ Abmh VAmbm H$mo EH$ ZXr Ho$ {H$Zmao
H$s ^m{V gr{_V dVw R>hamVo Ama AnZo AY_ H$mo Y_ Ho$ nX} Ho$ ZrMo
Nw>nmVo h &
Bg H$ma Amn(A) Zo ~Vm`m {H$ Bbm_ Ho$ AmXoe _Zw` H$s nyUVm
Ho$ {bE Cm_ _m`_ h Ama òH$ `wJ _| VWm òH$ {e{jV dJ Ho$
{bE g_mZ $n go bm^X h VWm BZHo$ A^md _| H$moB Am`mp_H$
CZ{V Zht hmo gH$Vr & AV: `h AZw{MV h {H$ A~ CZ AmXoem| H$m
AZwgaU H$aZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht ahr `m `h {H$ CZ Ho$ WmZ na
A` H$m`m] H$mo aIm Om gH$Vm h &
Bg H$ma Amn(A) Zo ~Vm`m {H$ EH$ CnmgZmE (B~mXV|) Ama
gwZV| h Ama EH$ Xoe H$s nanamE Ama Om{VJV {Z`_ & CnmgZm Ama
gwZV Ho$ A{V[aV Eogr ~mVm| _| {OZ H$mo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ AnZo Xoe H$s nanam Ama Om{VJV {Z`_ Ho$ AZwgma
H$aVo Wo, bmoJm| H$mo {dde H$aZm {H$ do ^r Amn H$s hr n{V H$mo
YmaU H$a| A`m` h & d` ghm~m(a{O.) BZ ~mVm| _| {d{^Z T>Jm| H$mo
AnZmVo Wo VWm H$moB EH$ Xgao H$mo ~wam Z H$hVm Wm &
Amn(A) Zo CZ bmoJm| Ho$ {dMmam| H$m ^r IS>Z {H$`m Omo `h {dMma
H$aVo h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ h_mao Ogo _Zw` h
Ama Amn(g) H$m H$moB A{YH$ma Zht {H$ h_ AmnH$m AZwgaU H$a| &
Amn(A) Zo ~Vm`m {H$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ Z~r Abmh VAmbm Ho$
H$bm_ H$s EH$ {deof g_P nmVo h Omo Xgam| H$mo mV Zht hmoVr &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
197
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Bg{bE CZ H$s `m`m H$mo drH$ma H$aZm _m{_Z H$m H$m` hmoVm h
A`Wm B_mZ ZQ> hmo OmVm h &
Amn(A) Zo Bg {dMmaYmam Ho$ XmofnyU hmoZo H$mo ^r H$Q> {H$`m {H$
{H$gr ~wOwJ Zo Omo Hw$N> H$h {X`m Cgo drH$ma H$aZm h_mao {bE A{Zdm`
h & Eogo bmoJm| Ho$ {bE Omo n[al_ Ama N>mZ-~rZ mam {H$gr n[aUm_
VH$ nhMZo H$m Vd Zht aIVo `dhma-Hw$ebVm Ho$ {bE {ZgXoh
Amd`H$ h {H$ do {H$gr Z {H$gr ~wOwJ H$mo {OgH$m g`, g`_ Ama
kmZ CZ na H$Q> hmo J`m h AnZm nW-XeH$ ~Zm b|, naVw CgHo$ ò
AW Zht h {H$ òH$ `pV H$mo Mmho dh kmZ Ama ~w{ aIVm hmo
Eogm hr H$aZm Mm{hE Ama `{X dh Xgao H$m AYm AZwgaU Zht H$aVm
Vmo nmnr h A{nVw kmZ aIZo dmbo `pV H$mo Mm{hE {H$ {Og ~mV H$mo
dh Hw$AmZ Ama hXrg Ho$ nQ> AmXoem| go kmV H$ao Cg_| AnZo kmZ Ho$
AZwgma nmbZ H$ao &
Amn (g.A.d.) Zo Bg {dMma H$s {ZaWH$Vm H$mo ^r H$Q> {H$`m {H$
_m gmgm[aH$ ~mVm| H$mo Ym{_H$ ~Zm {b`m OmE & Amn(A) Zo ~Vm`m
{H$ g_V ^mfmE wXm H$s h Omo ^mfm bm^X hmo Cgo grIZm
Mm{hE & {OVZo kmZ _Zw` H$s emar[aH$, Z{VH$, ej{UH$, gm_m{OH$,
amOZ{VH$ VWm Am`mp_H$ pW{V Ho$ {bE bm^X h, CZH$mo nT>Zm Z
Ho$db `h {H$ nmn Zht h A{nVw Amd`H$ h Ama Hw$N> n[apW{V`m| _|
O~{H$ Ch| Y_ H$s godm Ho$ {bE grIm OmE nw` H$m H$maU h &
Amn(A) Zo _wgb_mZm| H$mo `mO H$s bmZV go ~MZo H$m ^r _mJXeZ {H$`m Ama ~Vm`m {H$ `h AmXoe _hmZ Zr{V`m| na AmYm[aV h &
Bgo gmYmaU gmgm[aH$ bm^m|-hoVw n[ad{VV Zht H$aZm Mm{hE &
Bgr H$ma Amn(A) Zo ~Vm`m {H$ Ym{_H$ _m_bo Xmo H$ma Ho$ hmoVo
h & EH$ _yb Ama Xgao emImE & _yb _m_bo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go {g h
CZ_| H$moB {damoYm^mg Zht hmo gH$Vm & `{X H$moB `pV g_PZm Mmho
Vmo Ch| ^br-^m{V g_P gH$Vm h Ama Omo CgHo$ Aem| Ama emImAm|
go g~{YV h CZ H$s Xmo pW{V`m h & EH$ `h {H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo EH$ {deof n{V na EH$ H$m` H$aZo H$m
AmXoe Xo {X`m h Ama BgHo$ A{V[aV A` {H$gr n{V na Cgo H$aZo
198
go amoH$ {X`m h & Bg pW{V _| Vmo Cgr n{V H$mo JhU H$aZm Mm{hE
{Ogo JhU H$aZo H$m agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo AmXoe
{X`m h & Xgar pW{V `h h {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ go Xmo `m Xmo go A{YH$ ~mV| [adm`V h Ama _wgb_mZm| Ho$ Hw$N>
dJ Hw$N> [adm`Vm| na Ama Hw$N> dJ Hw$N> A` [adm`Vm| na H$màV aho
h CZHo$ g~Y _| `h {ddmg aIZm Mm{hE {H$ dh g~ T>J C{MV Ama
gwZV Ho$ AZwgma h `m|{H$ `{X Eogm Z hmoVm Vmo {H$g H$ma g^d Wm
{H$ Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ ghm~m(a{O.) _| go EH$ g_yh EH$ n{V H$mo JhU
H$a boVm Ama Xgam g_yh Xgar n{V H$mo & _yb ~mV `h h {H$ Hw$N>
~mVm| _| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo d^mdm| H$s {^ZVm
H$mo pQ>JV aIH$a AZoH$ H$ma go CZHo$ H$aZo H$s Amkm XmZ H$a Xr
h `m d` H$B H$ma go CZ H$m`m] H$mo H$aHo$ {XIm {X`m h Vm{H$ bmoJm|
Ho$ X`m| _| gXoh Z aho & Ogo a\$m'`XZ (hmWm| H$mo H$mZ VH$ D$na
CR>mZm) {H$ H$^r Amn Zo a\$m'`XZ {H$`m, H$^r Zht {H$`m & `m
"Am_rZ {~Oha' h (CM da _| Am_rZ H$hZm) {H$gr Zo Amn Ho$
nrN>o Am_rZ CM da _| H$hm,{H$gr Zo Zht H$hm & AmnZo XmoZm|
n{V`m| H$mo ngX {H$`m & Bgr H$ma hmWm| H$m ~mYZm h, H$^r {H$gr
H$ma ~mYZm H$^r {H$gr H$ma ~mYZm & A~ {Og `pV H$m d^md
{Og H$ma C{MV bJo CgH$m nmbZ H$ao Ama A` bmoJ Omo Xgar
[adm`V na H$màV h CZ na Amamon Z bJmE `m|{H$ dh Xgar gwZV
`m Ny>Q> na H$m` h & AVEd BZ {Z`_m| H$mo {ZYm[aV H$aHo$ Amn
(g.A.d.) Zo g_V do _VôX Ama {ddmX Xa H$a {XE Omo {\$hr
g_`mAm| (Bbm_r {Z`_m| go g~{YV g_`mE) Ho$ g~Y _| (_wgb_mZm|
_| CnZ hmo aho Wo Ama {\$a AmXaUu` ghm~m(a{O.) Ho$ `wJ H$s `mX H$mo
VmOm H$a {X`m &
`h EH$ g{jV aoIm {M h Cg AmV[aH$ gwYma H$m Omo AmnZo
{H$`m & `{X BgH$m {dVmanydH$ dUZ {H$`m OmE Vmo Bgr {df` na
Wm`r nwVH$ {bIZo H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoJr & AV: _ Bgr na gVmof
H$aVm h & A~ _m`da ! Bg go kmV H$a gH$Vo h {H$ hOaV
AH$Xg(A) Zo Bbm_ Ho$ AXa {OVZo Xmof CnZ H$a {XE JE Wo Mmho
Xm'dVwb A_ra
199
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AmWmAm| _| Mmho H$m`m] _|, g^r H$mo Xa H$a {X`m h VWm Bbm_ H$mo
{\$a CgHo$ _yb $n _| ggma Ho$ g_j VwV H$a {X`m h, {Og go A~
dh g~ {_ Ama ew Ho$ X`m| H$mo AmH${fV H$aZo bJ J`m h VWm
CgH$s n{d epV nwZ: AnZm ^md {XImZo bJ JB h &
ho ~mXemh ! D$na {OVZo Xmofm| H$m CXmhaUd$n dUZ {H$`m J`m
h Omo CZ ~hV go Xmofm| _| go Hw$N> h Omo Bg g_` _wgb_mZm| _|
CnZ hmo MwHo$ h & Amn Ch| XoIH$a hr kmV H$a gH$Vo h {H$ EH$
gwa{jV {H$Vm~ H$s CnpW{V _| Ogm {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ h Cg go A{YH$
Iam{~`m Bbm_ _| CnZ Zht hmo gH$Vt & `{X Bggo A{YH$ Iam{~`m
CnZ hm|Jr Vmo Bgr H$maU {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ hr (ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z
Om{bH$m) n[ad{VV hmo OmE, naVw `h Ag^d h & AV: Ama am{~`m
CnZ hmoZm ^r Ag^d h &
A~ {dMma H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ O~ Bbm_ Ho$ AXa am{~`m AnZr
Ma_ gr_m H$mo nhM JB h Vmo Ama H$mZ gm g_` h O~ {H$ _grh
_mD$X AmEJo Ama O~{H$ BZ g_V am{~`m| H$m {ZdmaU hOaV AH$Xg
{_Om Jwbm_ Ah_X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Zo H$a {X`m h VWm Bbm_
H$mo òH$ ~wamB go gwa{jV H$a {X`m h Vmo {\$a {H$gr Ho$ AmZo H$s `m
Amd`H$Vm h, O~{H$ dh H$m` _grh _mD$X Ho$ {bE Ama Ho$db _grh
_mD$X Ho$ {bE {ZpMV Wm & Amn Zo ~S>o Cm_ T>J go nyU H$a {X`m
h, Vmo Amn Ho$ _grh _mD$X hmoZo _| `m gXoh h & O~ gy` CX`
hmoH$a AY {Xdg na Am OmE Vmo {\$a CgH$m BH$ma Zht hmo gH$Vm &
Bgr H$ma Eogo nQ> g~yVm| H$s CnpW{V _| hOaV {_Om gm{h~ Ho$
_grh _mD$X hmoZo H$m BH$ma Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm &
N>Q>m g~yV
wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go ghm`Vm (wXmB ghm`Vm)
Amn H$s gMmB H$m N>Q>m g~yV ^r dmVd _| A{YH$me g~yVm| H$mo
{bE hE h ""wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go ghm`Vm'' h & wXm H$s Amoa go
Am{XQ> Ama AdV[aV dmVd _| Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {ÒZm| _| go EH$
200
{` hmoVm h & CgH$m g` {g Zht hmo gH$Vm, O~ VH$ {H$ wXm
VAmbm H$m CgHo$ gmW dh `dhma Z hmo Omo {ÒZm| Ama {`V_m| go
hAm H$aVm h & `{X H$moB `pV _m_ya (wXm H$s Amoa go Am{XQ>) hmoZo
H$m Xmdm H$aVm h Ama CgHo$ gmW Abmh VAmbm H$m `dhma {`V_m|
Ama o{_`m| dmbm `dhma Zht Vmo dh PyR>m h, `m|{H$ g^d Zht {H$
EH$ `pV H$mo Abmh VAmbm AnZm {V{Z{Y ~ZmH$a ôOo Ama {\$a
CgHo$ gmW AnZo o_ H$m H$moB CXmhaU Z {XImE Ama Z CgH$s
ghm`Vm H$ao & ggma Ho$ amOm ^r O~ {H$gr H$mo AnZm {V{Z{Y ~Zm
H$a ôOVo h Vmo CgH$s ghm`Vm H$aVo h VWm CgH$s Amoa `mZ XoVo h
VWm O~ ^r Cgo Amd`H$Vm hmo Vmo CgH$s ghm`Vm Ho$ gmYZ CnbY
H$amVo h & {\$a Abmh VAmbm {OgHo$ OmZo ~S>o {demb h VWm Omo
AV`m_r h `m| AnZo _m_yam| H$s ghm`Vm Zht H$aoJm Ama `{X H$moB
`pV _m_ya hmoZo H$m Xmdm H$ao Ama Cgo wXm H$m g_WZ Ama ghm`Vm
mV hmo VWm CgH$mo wXm VAmbm H$s {deof ghm`Vm nhwMo Vmo dh
`pV gMm Ama g`mdmXr h, `m|{H$ {Og H$ma `h g^d Zht {H$
EH$ g`dmXr H$mo Abmh VAmbm N>moS> Xo, Bgr H$ma `h ^r g^d
Zht {H$ EH$ PyR>o Ama Cndr H$mo Abmh VAmbm nH$S> _| Z bo VWm
dh CgHo$ ~Xm| H$mo nW-^Q> H$aVm {\$ao & `h ~mV Vmo Ama ^r
~w{-gJV Zht {H$ Eogo PyR>o H$s Abmh VAmbm ghm`Vm H$ao Ama
CgHo$ {bE AnZr ghm`Vm Ho$ ma Imob Xo &
Abmh VAmbm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| \$a_mVm h (H$V~bmhmo bAJ{b~m
AZm d gwbr - BZbmhm H${d`wZ AOrOwZ) Abmh VAmbm Zo
AnZo D$na A{Zdm` H$a {X`m h {H$ dh Ama CgHo$ agyb h_oem {dO`r
ah|Jo & dh epVembr Ama {dO`r h & AV: CgZo AnZr epV Ama
{dO` Ho$ H$Q>Z Ho$ {bE `h {Z`_ ~Zm {X`m {H$ O~ CgH$m H$bm_
boH$a CgHo$ agyb AdV[aV hm| Vmo dh Ch| {dO`r Z H$ao Vmo CgH$s
epV Ama g_mZ _| bmoJm| H$mo gXoh CnZ hmo OmEJm &
Bgr H$ma \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
201
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(BZm bZgwamo gwbZm dbOrZm Am_Zy {\$bh`m{V{Z`m d
`m_m `H$y_wb AhmX) ""h_ Ad` AnZo agybm| H$s Ama CZ bmoJm|
H$s Omo h_mao agybm| na B_mZ bmVo h VWm Bg bmoH$ _| ^r (ggma _|)
Ama nabmoH$ ^r _| ghm`Vm {H$`m H$aVo h &'' Ama \$a_mVm h (dbm{H$Zbmhm `wgpbVmo gwbh Abm _èmAmo dbmhmo
Abm Hw$bo eBZ H$Xra) AWmV ""Abmh VAmbm AnZo agybm| H$mo {OZ
bmoJm| na MmhVm h Am{Yn` XmZ H$a XoVm h & Abmh VAmbm òH$
dVw na epV aIVm h &''
`h Vmo Cg {df` H$s Am`V| h {H$ Abmh VAmbm AnZo agybm| H$mo
{dO` XmZ H$aVm h VWm CZH$mo Xgao bmoJm| na Am{Yn` XmZ H$aVm
h Mmho emar[aH$ Ama Am`mp_H$ Vma na, Mmho Ho$db Am`mp_H$ Vma
na & BZHo$ A{V[aV Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go `h ^r kmV hmoVm h {H$ `{X
H$moB _m_ya `m agyb hmoZo H$m PyR>m Xmdm H$ao Vmo Cg H$mo XS> ^r
{_bVm h Ama dh {H$gr pW{V _| V~mh hmoZo go ~M Zht gH$Vm &
AV: Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h -
(d bm VH$dbm AbZm ~m'ObAH$mdrbo bAZm {_hmo

{~b`_rZo gw_m bH$VAZm {_hb dVrZ) AWmV ""`{X `h agyb
OmZ-~yPH$a h_ na PyR> ~mY ahm hmoVm Vmo h_ CgH$m Xm`m hmW nH$S>
boVo VWm CgHo$ mUm| H$s Y_Zr H$mQ> S>mbVo &'' AWmV CgH$s ghm`Vm
Ama g_WZ H$m ma ~X H$a XoVo VWm Cgo V~mhr H$m _wI {XImVo &
Bgr H$ma EH$ A` WmZ na \$a_mVm h (d _Z Ab_mo {__{ZVam Abbmho H${O~Z Am H$O~m
{~Am`m{Vhr BZh bm `wpbhOm{b_yZ) ""Ama Cg go A{YH$ A`m`
H$aZo dmbm Ama H$mZ hmo gH$Vm h Omo Abmh VAmbm na OmZ-~yP H$a
PyR> ~mYVm h `m Abmh VAmbm H$s Am`Vm| H$mo PwR>bmVm h & ~mV
202
`h h {H$ A`m` H$aZo dmbo g\$b Zht hmoVo &'' AWmV O~ {H$ A`m`
H$aZo dmbm g\$b Zht hmoVm Vmo `h Abmh VAmbm H$m nmnr Omo g~
H$ma Ho$ Am`mp_H$ A`m` H$aZo dmbm| go A{YH$ A`m`r h, H$~
g\$b hmo gH$Vm h & CnamoV Am`Vm| go kmV hmoVm h {H$ Abmh
VAmbm H$s Amoa go Xmo {Z`_ Omar h & EH$ `h {H$ dh AnZo agybm|
H$s ghm`Vm H$aVm h VWm CZH$mo {dO` XmZ H$aVm h & Xgam `h {H$
Omo bmoJ `h OmZVo hE {H$ do Abmh VAmbm na PyR> ~mY aho h, EH$
~mV PyR> ~Zm H$a VwV H$a X| Vmo CZ H$mo Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go
ghm`Vm mV Zht hmoVr A{nVw do V~mh {H$E OmVo h & {Og go kmV
hAm {H$ Omo ~mV nhbo _Zo ~m{H$ Vma na {g H$s Wr & Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ ^r BgH$m g_WZ H$aVm h A{nVw Bgo wXm H$s gwZV R>hamVm
h &
Bg wXm H$s gwZV Ama AZm{X {Z`_mZwgma h_ hOaV AH$Xg Ho$
Xmdo na {dMma H$aVo h Vmo Amn(A) H$s gMmB h_| H$me_mZ {XZ H$s
^m{V {g {XImB XoVr h, VWm Amn H$s g\$bVm H$mo XoIH$a Bg ~mV
_| {H$gr H$ma H$m gXoh Ama ge` hr Zht ahVm {H$ Amn Abmh
VAmbm Ho$ ôOo hE h &
nyd BgHo$ {H$ `h XoIm OmE {H$ Amn H$mo Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa
go `m-`m ghm`Vm Ama g_WZ mV hE `h XoIZm Amd`H$ hmoJm
{H$ Amn Zo {H$Z n[apW{V`m| Ho$ AYrZ Xmdm {H$`m Wm AWmV do H$mZ go
gm_mZ Wo Omo AmnH$s g\$bVm _| ghm`H$ hmo gH$Vo Wo (2) Amn Ho$
_mJ _| `m-`m ~mYmE Wt (3) Amn H$m Xmdm {H$g H$ma H$m Wm,
AWmV `m Xmdm d` Eogm AmH$fU aIVm Wm {OgHo$ H$maU Amn(A) H$mo
`j gmYZm| na pQ> H$aVo hE g\$bVm H$s Amem hmo gHo$ &
W_ Z H$m Cma `h h {H$ `{n Amn(A) EH$ g_mZZr` de
go g~Y aIVo Wo Ama Eogm hmoZm Amd`H$ Wm, `m|{H$ Abmh VAmbm
Ho$ _m_ya (Am{XQ>) h_oem CM dem| _| go hmoVo h Vm{H$ bmoJm| na CZ
H$m _mZZm Xâ Z hmo, naVw Amn(A) H$m de gmgm[aH$ {VR>m H$s
pQ> go AnZo nyd d^d H$mo ~hV gr_m VH$ Imo MwH$m Wm & dh AnZo
jo Ho$ dem| _| go {ZYZ de Vmo Zht H$hbm gH$Vm, naVw CgH$s nyd
Xm'dVwb A_ra
203
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{VR>m Ama d^d Ama emgZ H$mo `mZ _| aIVo hE dh EH$ {ZYZ de
Wm & `m|{H$ CgH$s [a`mgV Ama OmJra H$m A{YH$me ^mJ ZQ> hmo
MwH$m Wm & W_ {OgH$s MMm H$s JB h (AWmV [a`mgV) {gIm| Ho$
`wJ _| N>rZ br JB Wr Ama {Vr` (AWmV OmJra) AJoOr gaH$ma Ho$
AmZo na gbZ H$a br JB Wr & AV: gmgm[aH$ d^d Ama Am{WH$
pQ> go AmnH$mo H$moB Eogr loR>Vm mV Z Wr {OgHo$ H$maU `h H$hm
Om gHo$ {H$ bmoJm| Zo AnZo Co`m| Ama Amd`H$VmAm| H$s ny{V Ho$ {bE
Amn H$mo drH$ma H$a {b`m &
Amn(A) nram| `m gy{\$`m| Ho$ {H$gr de go g~Y Zht aIVo Wo, Z
Amn(A) Zo {H$gr nra `m gy\$s H$s ~AV H$aHo$ Cggo {bm\$V
(Cmam{YH$ma) H$s JwXS>r mV H$s Wr {H$ `h g_Pm OmE {H$ deJV
{e`m| `m AnZo nra ^mB`m| H$s ghm`Vm go Amn H$mo `h g\$bVm mV
hmo JB &
Amn(A) {H$gr gaH$mar nX {deof na emo^m`_mZ Z Wo {H$ `h
g_Pm OmE {H$ Amn Ho$ A{YH$mam| go bm^mpdV hmoZo Ho$ {bE bmoJ
AmnHo$ gmW hmo JE &
Amn(A) EH$ {daV Ama bmoJm| go AbJ ahZo dmbo `pV Wo, {OZHo$
EH$mVdmg Ho$ H$maU Amg-nmg Ho$ ahZo dmbo ^r Zht OmZVo Wo, Ho$db
Hw$N> bmoJm| go Amn Ho$ g~Y Wo, {OZ_| go A{YH$me Vmo AZmW Ama
Aghm` bmoJ Wo, {OZH$mo Amn AnZo ^moOZ _| go ImZo H$mo Xo {X`m H$aVo
Wo AWdm d` ^yIo ahH$a AnZm ^moOZ CZH$mo {Ibm XoVo Wo `m {\$a
Hw$N> do bmoJ Wo Omo Ym{_H$ ImoO-~rZ _| {M aIVo Wo, eof {H$gr
`pV go Amn(A) H$m g~Y Z hmoVm & Z Amn bmoJm| go {_bVo Wo Z
bmoJm| H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr Wr {H$ Amn go {_b| &
Xgao Z H$m Cma `h h {H$ g^d go g^d Omo ~mYmE hmo gH$Vr
h do Amn Ho$ _mJ _| Wt & Amn(A) H$m Xmdm _m_ya hmoZo H$m Wm Ama
Amn Ho$ Xmdo H$mo gMm _mZ H$a {dmZm| H$m ^wd Omo Ch| gH$S>m| df
go bmoJm| na mV Wm OmVm ahVm Wm & Bg{bE {dmZm| H$mo dm^m{dH$
Vma na Amn(A) go {damoY Wm & do Amn H$s CZ{V _| AnZr AdZ{V
Ama AmnHo$ ~T>Zo _| AnZm nVZ XoIVo Wo, do OmZVo Wo {H$ `{X EH$
204
`pV wXm go gyMZm nmH$a ggma Ho$ gwYma Ho$ {bE IS>m hmo J`m Vmo
{\$a h_mao AZw_mZm| H$mo H$mZ nyN>Vm h &
JrZerZ ({H$gr go Cmam{YH$ma mV) Amn Ho$ ew Wo `m|{H$ Amn
H$s gMmB Ho$ gma go CZHo$ AZw`m`r CZHo$ hmWm| go OmVo Wo Ama
~OmE e Ama nW-XeH$ H$hbmZo Ho$ EH$ A` `pV H$m AZw`m`r
~Z H$a Ch| ahZm nS>Vm Wm Ama {\$a AZw`m{``m| Ho$ OmZo Ho$ gmW
CZH$s Am`m| _| ^r AVa AmVm Wm {OZ na CZH$m {Zdmh Wm Ama CZ
dVVmAm| _| ^r AVa AmVm Wm {Oh| do AnZm A{YH$ma g_PVo Wo &
g_embr bmoJm| H$mo ^r Amn(A) go {damoY Wm `m|{H$ Amn Bbm_r
AmXoem| H$m nmbZ H$aZo dmbo Wo Ama Ch| Bg H$ma H$s nm~Xr H$s
AmXV Z Wr VWm Bgo dh AnZo mU Ho$ {bE H$Q> g_PVo Wo Ama {\$a
`h ^r Wm {H$ Amn(A) Om Ho$ gmW `dhma Hw$ebVm Ama ghmZw^y{V
H$m AmXoe XoVo Wo, {OgHo$ H$maU g_embr bmoJm| H$m {dMma Wm {H$
Amn H$s {ejm Ho$ gma go dh XmgVm H$s pW{V Omo bmoJm| _| CnZ
h Xa hmo OmEJr VWm CZH$s pQ> {demb hmoH$a h_mam ^wd OmVm
ahoJm &
A` Y_m] Ho$ bmoJ ^r Amn(A) Ho$ ew Wo `m|{H$ Ch| Amn _| dh
`pV {XImB Xo ahm Wm {Og go CZ Ho$ Y_m] H$r V~mhr {ZpMV Wr &
{Og H$ma EH$ ~H$ar EH$ eoa go dm^m{dH$ Vma na KUm aIVr h
Bgr H$ma A` Y_m] Ho$ bmoJ Amn go qIMmd _hgyg H$aVo Ama `mg
H$aVo Wo {H$ {OVZr erK hmo gHo$ Amn H$mo {_Q>m X| &
g_` Ho$ emgH$JU ^r Amn(A) Ho$ {damoYr Wo `m|{H$ do ^r _grh
VWm _hXr Ho$ Zm_m| go ^`^rV Wo Ama mMrZ [adm`Vm| Ho$ ^md go
^m{dV hmoH$a CZ Zm_m| dmbo `pV H$s CnpW{V Ama Cnd Ho$ \$bZo
H$mo A{Zdm` Ama {ZpMV g_PVo Wo & Amn(A) H$m d\$mXmar H$m H$Q>Z
CZHo$ {bE gVmof H$m H$maU Z Wm, `m|{H$ do Cgo Adgadm{XVm g_PVo
Wo Ama OmZVo Wo {H$ O~ CZH$mo epV mV hmo OmEJr, Cg g_` `h
CZ empV Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo H$Xm{MV `mJ X| &
OZ gmYmaU H$mo ^r Amn go {damoY Wm, `m|{H$ W_ Vmo do {dmZm|
`m nram| `m g_{embr bmoJm| `m n{S>Vm| `m nmX[a`m| Ho$ AYrZ hmoVo h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
205
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{Vr` do _yIVm, ar{V-[admOm| Ho$ H$maU òH$ ZB ~mV Ho$ H$R>moa
{damoYr hmoVo h, CZHo$ {ZH$Q> Amn H$m Xmdm EH$ Z`m Xmdm Ama Bbm_
_| {dZ S>mbZo H$m H$maU Wm, Bg{bE do Hw$N> Vmo AnZo gaXmam| Ho$
gHo$Vm| na Ama Hw$N> AnZr _yIVmde Amn Ho$ {damoYr Wo &
BZ g_V g_yhm| Zo AnZo-AnZo WmZ na Amn H$mo V~mh H$aZo Ho$
{bE ânya Omoa bJm`m, {dmZm| Zo Hw$\$ Ho$ \$do V`ma {H$E Ama _H$m
VWm _XrZm VH$ AnZo Hw$\$ Ho$ XVmdoOm| na hVmja H$amZo Ho$ {bE JE
& AnZr h_oem H$s AmXV Ho$ AVJV Chm|Zo Hw$\$ Ho$ A`V {d{M
H$maUm| H$mo Vbme {H$`m VWm bmoJm| H$mo Amn Ho$ {d ^S>H$m`m Ama
mogm{hV {H$`m &
gy{\$`m| Zo AmnHo$ _mJ H$mo nyd Ho$ _mJm] Ho$ {d ~Vm-~Vm H$a
VWm AnZr Abmh VAmbm go gm{Z`Vm Ama Am`m_ kmZ H$s S>tJm| go
^`^rV H$aHo$ OZ gmYmaU H$mo amoH$m Ama {_`m H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ \$bmZo
Ama N>b`wV M_H$mam| Ho$ XeZ VH$ go ^r nbm`Z Z {H$`m VWm Hw$N>
Zo Vmo AnZo {e`m| go `hm VH$ H$h {X`m {H$ `{X `h gMo hE Vmo BZ
Ho$ Z _mZZo H$m nmn h_ CR>m b|Jo, Vw_ bmoJ Hw$N> {MVm Z H$amo & Bg
H$ma ggma H$mo Jw_amh {H$`m &
YZmT>` bmoJm| Zo AnZo YZ Ama AnZr {VR>m go Amn Ho$ {d
`Z ma^ {H$`m & A` Y_mdbp~`m| Zo AnZo Vma na _wgb_mZm| H$m
hmW ~Q>m`m, gaH$mam| Zo AnZo A{YH$ma go H$m_ boH$a bmoJm| H$mo Amn(A)
go ^`^rV H$aZm Ama^ {H$`m Ama Omo bmoJ Amn H$mo drH$ma H$aZm
MmhVo CZH$mo AnZo H$moY H$m ^` {Xbm H$a amoH$Zm Mmhm, OZ gmYmaU
~mBH$mQ> Ama H$Q> nhMmZo go H$m_ boH$a AnZo gaXmam| H$m hmW ~Q>mVo
aho &
AVEd Amn Ho$ {damoY Ho$ {bE g_V bmoJ, `m _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo
dmbo Ama `m _wgb_mZ Z H$hbmZo dmbo g^r EH$ hmo JE Ama g~ Zo
nana gh`moJ {H$`m &
Vrgao Z H$m Cma `h h {H$ Amn H$s {ejm ^r Eogr Z Wr Omo
gm_{`H$ n[apW{V`m| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo VWm CgH$s Ymam _| ~hZo dmbr hmo,
`{X dh gm_{`H$ {dMma Ymam Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoVr Vmo ^r H$hm Om gH$Vm
206
Wm {H$ Amn H$s CZ{V AmH$mer` ghm`Vm go Zht A{nVw Bg H$maU go
h {H$ Amn Zo ggma Ho$ g_j {Og {dMmaYmam H$mo VwV {H$`m Wm dh
Cg g_` H$s {dMmaYmam Ho$ AZwHy$b Wr & AV: bmoJm| Zo CgH$mo AnZr
AmV[aH$ AZw^y{V`m| Ho$ AZwHy$b nmH$a drH$ma H$a {b`m & `wJ Ho$
AZwHy$b {dMmaYmam Xmo H$ma H$s hmoVr h - `m Vmo dh A{YH$me bmoJm|
H$s {dMmYmam Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo AWdm dh A{YH$me Om H$s {dMmaYmam Ho$
Vmo {damoYr hmo, naVw CZ {dMmaYmamAm| Ho$ g_WZ _| hmo Omo Cg g_`
Ho$ gmgm[aH$ kmZm| H$m n[aUm_ hm| & W_ {dMmaYmam H$m gmaU Vmo
A`V gab hmoVm h naVw {Vr` {dMmaYmam ^r `{n ma^ _| {damoY
H$m _wI XoIVr h, naVw My{H$ AmYw{ZH$ {dmAm| H$m A{Zdm` n[aUm_
hmoVr h Hw$N> g_` Ho$ nMmV AmYw{ZH$ {dmAm| Ho$ CWmZ Ho$ gmW-gmW
\$bVr OmVr h &
hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$s {dMmaYmam BZ XmoZm| H$ma H$s {dMmaYmamAm| Ho$
{d Wr & Amn CZ {dmAm| H$s Amoa bmoJm| H$mo Am_{V H$a aho Wo Omo
Z M{bV {dMmam| Ho$ AZwH$y b Wt Ama Z AmYw{ZH$ {dmAm| H$s {ejm Ho$
_m`_ go Omo {dMma \$b aho Wo CZHo$ AZwH$y b Wt & Bg{bE Amn H$m
XmoZm| gX`m| go _wH $m~bm Wm & nwamZo {dMma Ho$ bmoJm| go ^r Ama ZdrZ
{dMma Ho$ bmoJm| go ^r & ${T>dmXr AmnH$mo ZmpVH$ R>hamVo Wo, AmYw{ZH$
{ejm mV bmoJ Amn H$s gH$sU {dMma Ama CQ>o nmd bmQ>Zo _| ghm`H$
R>hamVo Wo `m|{H$ Amn(A) `{X EH$ Amoa _grh Ho$ OrdZ, {H$gm|, {_`m
[adm`Vm|, \ $[aVm| Ho$ g~Y _| OZgmYmaU Ho$ {dMmam|, H $w AmZ _| {ZaVVm,
ZH$-dJ Ho$ gX^ _| bmoJm| Ho$ {dMmam| Ama earAV _| gH$sUVm Ho$ {d
{ZVmV H$R>mao Vm Ho$ gmW dMZ XoVo Wo Vmo Xgar Amoa earAV Ho$ AmXoem|
H$s Ajae: nm~Xr, `mO H$s {Z{fVm, \ $[aVm| Ho$ ApVd, XAm Ho$
bm^, dJ-ZH$ Ho$ `WmW hmoZ,o Bhm_ Ho$ {ZpMV eXm| _| CVaZo, VWm
M_H$mam| Ho$ g` hmoZo Ho$ g_WZ na ~b XoVo Wo & n[aUm_ `h Wm {H$
ZdrZ Ama mMrZ {dMma Ho$ g_yhm| _| {H$gr g_yh go ^r Amn Ho$ {dMma
g_mZVm Zht aIVo Wo & AV: `h ^r Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm {H$ My{ H$ Amn
Ho$ {dMma M{bV `m ^{d` _| MbZ nmZo dmbo {dMmam| H$m {V{Z{Yd
H$aVo Wo, Bg H$maU _m` hE &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
207
Xm'dVwb A_ra
gmame `h {H$ Z Vmo Amn(A) H$s `pVJV pW{V Eogr Wr {H$
Amn(A) H$m Xmdm drH$ma {H$`m OmVm, Z AmnH$m _mJ \y$bm| H$s e`m na
go JwOaVm Wm {H$ Amn H$mo AnZo Co` _| g\$bVm mV hmoVr Ama Z
do {dMma Omo Amn(A) bmoJm| Ho$ g_j VwV H$aVo Wo Eogo Wo {H$ CZ go
bmoJm| Ho$ {dMmam| H$m gm_O` hmoVm hmo {H$ bmoJ Amn H$mo drH$ma H$a
b| & AV: ~mdOyX BZ g_V {damoYr n[apW{V`m| Ho$ `{X Amn(A) Zo
g\$bVm mV H$s Vmo `h EH$ wXmB H$m` Wm Z {H$ gmgm[aH$ Ama
^m{VH$ gmYZm| H$m n[aUm_ &
BZ n[apW{V`m| H$m CboI H$aZo Ho$ nMmV _ AmnH$s g\$bVmAm|
H$m dUZ H$aVm h & _ ~Vm MwH$m h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| Abmh
VAmbm Zo AnZm {Z`_ dUZ {H$`m h {H$ dh OmZ ~yP H$a Abmh
VAmbm na PyR> ~mYZo dmbo H$mo b~r Ny>Q> Zht {X`m H$aVm, naVw
Amn(A) Ho$ gX^ _| h_ XoIVo h {H$ Amn CZ Bhm_m| H$mo H$m{eV
H$aZo Ho$ nMmV {OZ _| Amn Zo gwYmaH$ hmoZo H$s KmofUm H$s Wr bJ^J
Mmbrg df Or{dV aho Ama òH$ H$ma go Abmh VAmbm H$r ghm`Vm
Ama g_WZ mV H$aVo aho & `{X wXm na PyR> ~mYZo dmbm ^r BVZr
Ny>Q> (AdH$me) nm gH$Vm h Ama V~mhr go ~Mm`m OmVm h Ama
Abmh VAmbm go ghm`Vm nmVm h Vmo {\$a (ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z
Om{bH$m) `h drH$ma H$aZm nS>oJm {H$ (dbm VH$dbm)
dmbr Am`V _| Omo _mnXS> ~Vm`m J`m h dh JbV h Ama `h {H$
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m Xmdm _mUa{hV ahm h &
`{X `h ~mV Zht Ama H$Xm{n Zht Vmo {\$a Bgr g~yV Ho$ AYrZ hOaV
AH$Xg Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$m AnZo Bhm_m| H$mo H$m{eV H$aZo Ho$
~mX BVZo XrKH$mb VH$ V~mhr go ~Mm`m OmZm Bg ~mV H$m _mU h
{H$ Amn Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go Wo &
{Og g_` Amn(A) Zo AnZo Bhm_m| H$mo H$m{eV {H$`m Wm Cg
g_` Amn(A) H$m Zm_ ggma _| H$moB `pV ^r Zht OmZVm Wm, naVw
VnMmV ~mdOyX bmoJm| Ho$ {damoY Ho$ Amn H$mo dh g_mZ Ama {VR>m
mV hB {H$ A~ ew ^r Amn H$m AmXa H$aVo h Ama Amn EH$
_wpb_ ZoVm drH$ma {H$E OmVo h & ~VmZdr gaH$ma Omo Ama^ _| Amn
208
H$s {damoYr Wr Ama Amn go X^mdZm aIVr Wr, Amn H$mo AmXa Ama
g_mZ H$s pQ> go XoIVr h & ggma Ho$ XadVu {H$Zmam| VH$ Amn H$m
Zm_ gm[aV h, VWm Bg H$ma H$m AZwamJ Ama o_ aIZo dmbo bmoJ
Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn H$mo {XE h {H$ do AnZo mU VH$ Amn na
~{bXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE V`ma h Ama `yamo{n`Z Omo Bbm_ Ho$ ew Wo
Chm|Zo Amn(A) Ho$ _m`_ go Bbm_ H$mo drH$ma {H$`m h Ama Amn(A)
Ho$ o_ _| BVZo _wY h {H$ CZ _| go EH$ `pV Zo _wPo {bIm h {H$
_wP na {_Om gm{h~ Zo CnH$ma {H$`m h {H$ CZHo$ _m`_ go _wPo
Bbm_ Ogr Z_V mV hB h BgH$m ^md _wP na BVZm h {H$ _
gmoVm Zht O~ VH$ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ gmW
Amn(A) na ^r X$X Zht ôO XoVm & `h AmXa, `h g_mZ Ama `h
o_ ~mdOyX bmoJm| Ho$ BVZo {damoY Ho$ H$^r mV Zht hmo gH$Vm `{X
Amn wXm VAmbm na PyR> ~mYZo dmbo Wo &
Amn(A) Zo O~ Xmdm {H$`m Vmo Amn AHo$bo Wo, naVw ~mdOyX BgHo$
{H$ _mb{d`m|, nram|, JrZerZm|, n{S>Vm|, nmX[a`m|, YZmT>`m|, OZ gmYmaU
Ama Ama^ _| emgH$m| Zo ^r AnZm Omoa bJm`m {H$ bmoJ AmnH$s ~mV
H$mo drH$ma Z H$a| Ama Amn Ho$ {gb{gbo _| doe Z H$a| & EH$ EH$
H$aHo$ bmoJ Amn Ho$ {gb{gbo _| doe H$aZo bJo & {ZYZm| _| go ^r Ama
YZdmZm| _| go ^r, {dmZm| _| go ^r Ama gy{\$`m| _| go ^r, _wgb_mZm|
_| go ^r Ama {hXAm| VWm BgmB`m| _| go ^r, {hXVm{Z`m| _| go ^r
Ama Xgao Xoem| Ho$ bmoJm| _| go ^r, `hm VH$ {H$ Amn(A) Ho$ {ZYZ Ho$
g_` Amn(A) H$s O_mAV ghm| go {ZH$b H$a bmIm| VH$ CZ{V H$a
MwH$s Wr Ama A~ VH$ {ZaVa CZ{V H$s Amoa AJga h & `hm VH$
d` Amn Ho$ am` (A\$Jm{ZVmZ) _| ^r ~mdOyX BgHo$ {H$ Bg
{gb{gbo Ho$ Xmo {ZH$nQ> `pV _m Ym{_H$ _VôX Ho$ AmYma na
_wbmAm| Ho$ YmoIm XoZo Ho$ H$maU H$b {H$E JE Wo & `h O_mAV
CZ{V H$a ahr h Ama bJ^J òH$ am` _| Bg O_mAV Ho$ Hw$N> Z
Hw$N> `pV nmE OmVo h VWm BgHo$ A{V[aV Bg O_mAV Ho$ bmoJ Aa~
_| ^r h, BamZ _| ^r h, $g _| ^r h, A_arH$m _| ^r h, A\$sH$m Ho$
npM_r, Cmar, Ama X{jUr jom| _| ^r h, AmQ>o{b`m _| ^r Ama
Xm'dVwb A_ra
209
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`yamon _| ^r h & EH$ AYrZ H$m_ Ho$ EH$ gX` Ho$ AZwgaU _| emgZ
H$a ahr H$m_ Ho$ gX`m| H$m Am OmZm Ama {\$a Cg Y_ H$mo drH$ma
H$aHo$ {Og Ho$ {d CZ Ho$ X`m| _| demZwJV of ~R>m`m J`m Wm,
wXm H$s ghm`Vm Ho$ {~Zm Ag^d h &
bmoJm| Zo Amn(A) H$s h`m H$aZm ^r Mmhr, {df XoH$a ^r _maZm
Mmhm, AXmbVm| _| ^r Amn H$mo KgrQ>m, PyR>o _wH$_o ^r Amn na
Wm{nV {H$E, BgmB. {hX Ama _wgb_mZ g~ nana {_b JE Vm{H$
nydH$mbrZ _grh H$s ^m{V Xgao _grh H$mo ^r gbr~ na bQ>H$m X|,
naVw òH$ ~ma Amn g\$b hE Ama òH$ AmH$_U go Amn gwa{jV
aho, {XZ-{V{XZ wXm VAmbm H$m g_WZ Ama ghm`Vm ~T>Vr JB &
Amn(A) Bbm_ Ho$ Mma Ama Bbm_ Ho$ ZdrZrH$aU Ho$ {bE AdV[aV
hE Wo & BZ XmoZm| H$m`mo] Ho$ {bE Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn H$mo {ZH$nQ>
bmoJm| H$s EH$ O_mAV XmZ H$s, YZ ^r {X`m `hm VH$ {H$ Bg g_`
{gb{gbo H$s Amoa go Mma-nmM bmI n`m dm{fH$ Ym{_H$ H$m`m] na ``
hmoVm h, H$B A~ma Bbm_ Ho$ Mma Ho$ {bE nOm~, ~Jmb, grbmoZ
(lrbH$m), _mareg Ama A_arH$m go Omar h Ama gH$S>m| {H$Vm~| Amn Ho$
g_WZ _| {bIr JB h & bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| H$mo Abmh VAmbm Amn H$s
ghm`Vm Ho$ {bE o[aV H$aVm h Ama ghm| h {OZ H$mo amo`m (dZ) Ho$
_m`_ `m Bhm_ Ho$ _m`_ AWdm H$\$ (namoj H$s ~mVm| H$m wXm H$s
Amoa go H$Q>Z) Ho$ _m`_ go Amn H$s gMmB ~VmB JB h Ama ~mdOyX
{damoYr hmoZo Ho$ CZHo$ X`m| _| Amn H$m o_ S>mbm J`m h &
AV: ~mdOyX òH$ H$ma Ho$ {damoYr gm_mZm| Ho$ Ama òH$ H$ma
Ho$ {damoY Ho$ VWm òH$ H$ma H$s H$_Omoar Ho$ Ama AgmYmaU H$m` Ho$
Amn AnZo Co` _| g\$b hE Ama EH$ Eogr O_mAV Omo g_V ggma
_| \$br hB h Ama AnZo grZm| _| Bbm_ Ho$ Mma H$s dmbm aIVr h
Amn Zo V`ma H$a Xr Ama `m g_mZ H$s pQ> Ama `m YZ-XmbV H$s
pQ> Ama `m A{YH$ma H$s pQ> Ama `m amo~-Xm~ H$s pQ> Ho$
Abmh VAmbm ghm`Vm H$aVm ahm h &
AV: `{X Abmh VAmbm H$m ~Vm`m hAm `h {Z`_ gMm h VWm
Abmh VAmbm go gMm Ama H$mZ hmo gH$Vm h ? {H$ gMm _m_ya
210
Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go ghm`Vm nmVm h Ama wXm na PyR> ~mYZo
dmbm An_m{ZV VWm V~mh {H$`m OmVm h & Vmo {\$a hOaV AH$Xg(A)
H$s gMmB _| H$moB gXoh Zht ah OmVm Ama `{X ~mdOyX Bg g~yV Ho$
Amn H$s gMmB _| gXoh {H$`m OmE Vmo {\$a Z {H$`m Om gH$Vm h
{H$ A` Z{~`m| H$s gMmB H$m `m _mU h ?
_ AnZo Co` H$s nQ>Vm Ho$ {bE nwZ: `h H$h XoZm Amd`H$
g_PVm h {H$ _oam `h A{^m` Zht {H$ hOaV AH$Xg Bg{bE gMo Wo
{H$ Amn nhbo H$_Omoa Wo, naVw {\$a Amn H$mo g_mZ Ama {VR>m mV
hmo JB & Eogo g_mZ Vmo A{YH$me bmoJm| H$mo mV hE h & Zm{Xa ImZ
EH$ H$_Omoa `pV Wm {\$a g_mZ nm J`m, Zonmo{b`Z EH$ gmYmaU
`pV go {dd-{dO`r ~Z J`m, naVw ~mdOyX Bg Ho$ `h {g Zht hmoVm
{H$ ò bmoJ Abmh Ho$ {` Ama ~wO Jw Wo & _ `h H$hVm h {H$ :(1) hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo Xmdm {H$`m Wm {H$ Amn Abmh VAmbm
H$s Amoa go h & `{X dh Bg Xmdo _| PyR>o Wo Ama OmZ-~yP H$a bmoJm|
H$mo YmoIm Xo aho Wo Vmo Amn H$mo V~mh hmo OmZm Mm{hE Wm, `m|{H$
Abmh VAmbm H$m {Z`_ h {H$ Eogo wXm na PyR> ~mYZo dmbo H$mo dh
V~mh H$aVm h &
(2) Amn H$s CZ{V Ho$ {bE H$moB ^m{VH$ gm_mZ CnbY Z Wo &
(3) Amn(A) Ho$ {damoY na òH$ O_mAV IS>r hmo JB Wr Ama
H$moB O_mAV ^r Xmdo Ho$ g_` Amn H$s AnZr Z H$hbmVr Wr, {OgH$s
ghm`Vm go Amn H$mo CZ{V mV hB hmo &
(4) Amn(A) Zo ggma go do ~mV| drH$ma H$amB {OZHo$ {d
${T>dmXr Ama AmYw{ZH$ {dMmam| Ho$ bmoJ Wo &
(5) BgHo$ ~mdOyX Amn g\$b hE Ama AmnZo EH$ O_mAV Wm{nV
H$a Xr Ama AnZo {dMmam| H$mo bmoJm| go drH$ma H$am {b`m Ama ew Ho$
hmam| go ~M JE VWm Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g_WZ Amn Ho$ {bE CVao &
ò nmM ~mV| PyR>o _| H$^r EH$ Zht hmo gH$Vt & ò ~mV| O~ ^r
{H$gr _| EH$ hm|Jr dh Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go hmoJm Ama gMm
hmoJm A`Wm gMm| H$s gMmB H$m H$moB _mU eof Zht ahoJm &
hm `{X H$moB `pV _m_ya hmoZo H$m XmdoXma Z hmo AWmV Mmho {~Hw$b
Xm'dVwb A_ra
211
Xm'dVwb A_ra
XmdoXma hmo hr Zht Ogo Zm{Xa mZ `m Zonmo{b`Z AWdm _m_ya hmoZo H$m
XmdoXma Z hmo A{nVw {H$gr A` ~mV H$m XmdoXma hmo, CXmhaUV`m Ogo
wXmB H$m XmdoXma hmo `m `h {H$ dh nmJb hmo, dh Bg _mnXS> Ho$
AVJV Zht AmVm, Bgr H$ma Eogr AmWm aIZo dmbm ^r {H$ dh Omo
Hw$N> H$h ahm h Abmh H$s Amoa go H$h ahm h Bg _mnXS> na naIm
Zht Om gH$Vm & e{`m gXm` Bgr H$ma H$s AmWm aIVm Wm &
CgH$m {dMma Wm {H$ ggma _| ha g_` Eogo bmoJ {d_mZ ahVo h Omo
_hXr H$s BN>m H$m {V{Z{Yd H$aVo h Ama _hXr H$s BN>m wXm H$s
BN>m h & AV: CZ H$s Or^ na Omo Hw$N> Omar hmo `m Omo Hw$N> CZHo$
X` _| AmE dh wXm H$s Amoa go hmoVm h & Abr _wh_X ~m~ Ama
~hmCbmh gWmnH$ ~hmB gXm` Bgr gXm` _| go Wo & Eogo bmoJ My{ H$
AmWmJV Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$aVo h {H$ do Omo Hw$N> H$h aho h Abmh
VAmbm H$s hr Amoa go H$h aho h Bg{bE do ^r
(_wVH $pdb)
(PyR> KS>Zo dmbo) Zht H$hbm gH$Vo VWm Cg XS> Ho$ nm Zht {Og XS>
Ho$ OmZ-~yP H$a PyR> ~mYZo dmbo bmoJ nm h &
Bgr H$ma Cg `pV H$s AWm`r CZ{V ^r CgH$s gMmB H$m
g~yV Zht {OgH$s `pVJV {VR>m bmoJm| H$mo CgHo$ _mZZo na {dde
H$a Xo AWdm H$moB O_mAV {OgHo$ nrN>o hmo `m Omo OZ gm_m` Ho$
{dMmam| H$m {V{Z{Yd H$a ahm hmo AWdm AmYw{ZH$ {dmAm| Ho$ PwH$md
H$s Amoa bmoJm| H$mo bm ahm hmo `m EH$ `m Xgao H$maU go bmoJ Cg H$m
{damoY H$aZo go ~Mo ah| &
gmVdm g~yV
ewAm| H$s V~mhr
Amn(A) Ho$ Xmdo H$s gMmB H$m gmVdm g~yV {H$ dh ^r Ag`
g~yVm| H$m gJh h `h {H$ Amn Ho$ ewAm| H$mo Abmh VAmbm Zo {~Zm
AndmX Ama {~Zm {H$gr _mZdr` hmW H$s ghm`Vm Ho$ V~mh {H$`m &
h_ XoIVo h {H$ h_mao {ÒZm| H$mo Omo H$Q> Xo h_ Cg H$m _wH$m~bm
212
H$aVo h Ama Cgo XS> XoVo h VWm Omo h_mao H$m`m] _| ~mYm ~Zo Cgo
AnZo _mJ go hQ>m XoVo h & AV: `{X wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go _m_ya
AmVo h Vmo ~w{ MmhVr h {H$ CZHo$ {bE wXm VAmbm AnZm dm{^_mZ
^r X{eV H$ao VWm CZ Ho$ _mJ _| Omo ~mYmE hm| Ch| CZHo$ _mJ go
Xa H$a Xo Ama Omo Ch| An_m{ZV H$aZm Mmh| CZH$mo An_m{ZV H$a Xo
Ama Omo Ch| Ag\$b H$aZo H$m `mg H$a| CZH$mo Ag\$bVm H$m _wI ^r
{XImE & `{X dh Eogm Z H$ao Vmo CgH$m g~Y Ama CgH$m o_
_mUa{hV aho Ama _m_yam| Ho$ Xmdo g{XY hmo OmE, `m|{H$ ggma Ho$
amOm Ama emgH$ {OZ H$s epV`m gr{_V hmoVr h do ^r AnZo {_m|
Ama AnZo H$_Mm[a`m| Ho$ _mJ _| ~mYm ~ZZo dmbm| H$mo XS> XoVo h VWm
CZgo ewVm aIZo dmbm| H$s nH$S> H$aVo h &
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go ^r kmV hmoVm h {H$ `h h_mar ~w{ H$s _mJ
{~Hw$b C{MV h Ama Abmh VAmbm g`mnZ H$aVm h {H$ Bg Amoa go
AmZo dmbm| Ho$ ewAm| Ama X_Zm| H$s Ad` nH$S> hmoZm Mm{hE & AV:
Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d _Z Ab_mo {__{ZVam Abbmho H${O~Z Ama H$O~m

{~Am`m{Vhr - BZh bm `w{\$bhOm{b_yZ) (AZAm_, Hy$A : 3)
AWmV ""Cggo A{YH$ A`m`r H$mZ hmo gH$Vm h Omo Abmh VAmbm na
OmZ-~yP H$a PyR> ~mYo `m Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go AmZo dmbo H$s
~mVm| H$mo PwR>bm Xo & ~mV `h h {H$ A`m` H$aZo dmbo H$^r g\$b
Zht hmoVo &''
Bg Am`V _| ~Vm`m h {H$ {Og H$ma Abmh VAmbm na PyR> ~mYZo
dmbm H$^r g\$b Zht hmo gH$Vm Cgr H$ma Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go
AmZo dmbo H$s ~mVm| H$m PwR>bmZo dmbm ^r H$^r g\$b Zht hmo gH$Vm &
Bgr H$ma \$a_mVm h -
213
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d bH${XVwh{OAm {~{g{bp_Z H$pbH$m \$hmH$m {~bOrZm
g{$ {_h_ _m H$mZy {~hr `Vh{OD$Z Hw$b gr$ {\$bAO}
gw_Ow$ H$\$m H$mZm Am{H$~Vwb_wH$pO~rZ) ""Ama VwP go nyd Omo
agyb JwOao h CZ Ho$ gmW ^r hgr-R>>m {H$`m J`m, naVw AVV: `h
hAm {H$ do bmoJ Omo CZ_| {deof Vma na R>>m H$aZo dmbo Wo CZH$mo CZ
dVwAm| Zo Koa {b`m {OZ go do hgr H$aVo Wo & Vy H$h Xo {H$ OmAmo
ndr na Iy~ Ky_mo-{\$amo Ama XoImo {H$ wXm Ho$ Z{~`m| H$mo PwR>bmZo
dmbm| H$m n[aUm_ `m hAm h &'' Bg {df` H$s Am`V| Bg ~hbVm go
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| nmB OmVr h {H$ Bg na A{YH$ ~b XoZo H$s
Amd`H$Vm Zht & gmame `h h {H$ Abmh VAmbm H$m {Z`_ h {H$
CgHo$ _m_yam| (Am{XQ>m|) Ama ôOo hE agybm| H$m _wH$m~bm H$aZo dmbo
V~mh {H$E OmVo h Ama Xgam| Ho$ {bE {ejm H$m H$maU hmoVo h &
hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$mo ^r Bgr
{df` H$m Bhm_ hAm Wm {H$
(BZr _whrZwZ
_Z AamXm BhmZVH$m) _ Cgo An_m{ZV H$$Jm Omo VwPo An_m{ZV H$aZo
H$m BamXm ^r H$aoJm Ama Bg {ZaVa Mbo Am aho {Z`_ Ama {deof
AmdmgZ Ho$ AZwgma hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Ho$ ewAm| Ho$
gmW dh `dhma hAm h {H$ XoIZo dmbo VY Ama gwZZo dmbo AmM`
_| h &
_ EH$ ~S>o _mbdr gm{h~ H$s MMm H$a MwH$m h Omo Ahbo hXrg
gXm` Ho$ ZoVm Wo Ama Omo hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Ho$
dm`mdWm Ho$ n[a{MV Wo, {Ohm|Zo Amn H$s {H$Vm~ "~amhrZ Ah_{X`m'
Ho$ H$m{eV hmoZo na EH$ O~aXV g_rjm {bIr Wr, Cg_| Amn(A) H$s
godmAm| H$mo AZwn_ Ama A{Vr` R>ham`m Wm & O~ AmnZo _grh _mD$X
hmoZo H$m Xmdm {H$`m Vmo `h _mbdr gm{h~ {~JS> JE Ama ~hV ZmamO
hE VWm Chm|Zo `h gmoMm {H$ em`X {H$Vm~ ~amhrZ Ah_{X`m na _Zo
Omo g_rjm {bIr Wr Cg na BZHo$ X` _| AhH$ma CnZ hmo J`m h
Ama `h ^r d` H$mo Hw$N> g_PZo bJ JE h & Bg {dMma go Chm|Zo
`hm VH$ {bI {X`m {H$ `h _oar g_rjm na JmadmpMV h, _Zo hr Bgo
~T>m`m h Ama _ hr BgH$mo A~ {Jam XJm &
214
`h U H$aHo$ `h _mbdr gm{h~ AnZo Ka go {ZH$bo Ama
{hXVmZ Ho$ EH$ H$moZo go Xgao H$moZo VH$ H$m ^_U {H$`m Ama ~r{g`m|
{dmZm| go Hw$\$ H$m \$dm {b`m Ama CZ \$dm| _| `hm VH$ {bIdm
{b`m {H$ `h `pV hr H$m{\$a Zht A{nVw CgHo$ AZw`m`r ^r H$m{\$a
h A{nVw Omo `pV CZ go ~mV H$ao dh ^r H$m{\$a h Ama Omo `pV
CZH$mo H$m{\$a Z g_Po dh ^r H$m{\$a h & Bg \$do H$mo g_V
{hXVmZ _| N>ndm H$a Mm[aV {H$`m Ama {dMma H$a {b`m {H$ Bg
epVembr AmH$_U go _Zo CZH$mo An_m{ZV H$a {X`m naVw Cg ~oMmao
H$mo `m _mby_ Wm {H$ AmH$me na Abmh VAmbm Ho$ \$[aVo nwH$manwH$ma H$a H$h aho Wo {H$ Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d bH${XVwh{OAm {~gw{bp_Z H$pbH$m \$hmH$m {~bOrZm

g{$ {_h_ _m H$mZy {~hr `Vh{OD$Z) Ama Bgr H$ma CgHo$
\$[aVo nwH$ma-nwH$ma H$a H$h aho Wo {H$
(BZr
_whrZwZ _Z AamXm BhmZVH$m) _ CgH$m An_mZ H$$Jm Omo Voao An_mZ
H$m BamXm H$aoJm &
ho ~mXemh ! Bg \ $do H$mo H$m{eV hE A^r ~hV g_` Zht hAm
Wm {H$ CZ _mbdr gm{h~ H$m g_mZ bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| go Abmh VAmbm Zo
{_Q>mZm Ama^ {H$`m & Bg \$do Ho$ H$m{eV hmoZo go nyd CZ H$mo `h
g_mZ mV Wm {H$ nOm~ H$s amOYmZr bmhma Ogo eha _| Omo dV
d^md bmoJm| H$m eha h O~ dh ~mOmam| go JwO aVo Wo Vmo Ohm VH$ pQ>
OmVr Wr bmoJ CZHo$ AmXa Ama g_mZ Ho$ H$maU IS>o hmo OmVo Ama {hX
B`m{X A` Y_m] Ho$ bmoJ ^r _wgb_mZm| Ho$ g_mZ H$mo XoI H$a CZH$m
g_mZ H$aVo Wo Ama Ohm OmVo bmoJ Ch| AmIm| na CR>mVo Ama CM
emgH$ Ogo JdZa VWm JdZa OZab CZ go g_mZnydH $ {_bVo Wo, naVw
Bg \$do Ho$ H$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ nMmV {~Zm {H$gr `j gm_mZ Ho$
CnZ hmoZo Ho$ CZH$m g_mZ KQ>Zm Ama^ hAm Ama Zm~V AVV: `hm
VH$ nhM r {H$ d` Cg gXm` Ho$ bmoJm| Zo ^r CZH$mo N>mSo > {X`m {OgHo$
215
Xm'dVwb A_ra
dh ZoVm H$hbmVo Wo Ama _Zo CZH$mo AnZr AmIm| go XoIm h {H$ Q>e
o Z na
AHo$bo AnZm gm_mZ Omo WmoS >m Z Wm AnZr ~Jb Ama nrR> na CR>mE hE
VWm AnZo hmWm| _| nH$S>o hE Mbo Oma aho h, Ama Mmam| Amoa go YHo$
{_b aho h, H$moB nyN>Vm Zht, bmoJm| _| A{ddgZr`Vm BVZr ~T> JB {H$
~mOma dmbm| Zo gmXm XoZm VH$ ~X H$a {X`m & Xgao bmoJm| Ho$ _m`_ go
gmXm _JdmVo, Ka dmbm| Zo g~Y {dN>Xo H$a {b`m, Hw$N> bS>H$m| Ama
npZ`m| Zo {_bZm-OwbZm N>mSo > {X`m, EH$ bS>H$m Bbm_ go _waVX (Y_ H$mo
`mJZo dmbm) hmo J`m & AV: g_V H$ma Ho$ g_mZm| go hmW YmoH$a VWm
B~aV (ZgrhV) H$m Z_yZm {XIm H$a Bg ggma go Hy$M H$a JE VWm
AnZo OrdZ Ho$ ApV_ {XZm| Ho$ EH$-EH$ jU go Bg Am`V H$s gMmB
H$m _mU XoVo Mbo JE {H$
(H$w b gr$ {\$b AO} gw_Ow $ H$\ $m H$mZm Am{H$~Vwb_wH$pO
~rZ) &
Amn(A) Ho$ ewAm| H$s V~mhr H$m Xgam CXmhaU _ {MamJXrZ,
{Zdmgr O_y H$m VwV H$aVm h & `h `pV nhbo hOaV AH$Xg(A)
Ho$ AZw`m{``m| _| go Wm, naVw ~mX _| CgZo Xmdm {H$`m {H$ dh d`
ggma Ho$ gwYma Ho$ {bE AdV[aV hAm h Ama Amn(A)Ho$ {d CgZo H$B
n{H$mE Ama boI H$m{eV {H$E Ama AVV: O~ Bg go ^r gVwpQ>
Zht hB Vmo Amn(A) Ho$ {d XAm H$s Ama Cg XAm H$mo H$m{eV H$aZo
H$m BamXm {H$`m & Cg XAm H$m boI `h Wm {H$ :""ho wXm ! Voam Y_ Bg `pV (AWmV hOaV AH$Xg(A)) Ho$
H$maU _wgr~V _| h Ama `h `pV bmoJm| H$m S>amVm h {H$ VmD$Z
(boJ) _oao hr H$maU CVar h Ama ^yH$n ^r _wPo hr PwR>bmZo H$m
n[aUm_ h & Vy Bg `pV H$mo PyR>m H$a Ama VmD$Z H$mo A~ CR>m bo
Vm{H$ BgH$m PyR>m hmoZm {g hmo OmE VWm g` Ama Ag` _| AVa
H$a Xo &'' 223
`h XAm {bI H$a CgZo N>nZo H$mo Xr naVw wXm VAmbm H$s nH$S>
H$mo Xo{IE {H$ XAm Ho$ boI H$s {V`m {bIr Om MwH$s Wt, naVw A^r
nWa na Zht O_mB JB Wt {H$ dhr VmD$Z (boJ) {OgHo$ CR>mE OmZo
H$s XAm CgZo Bg {bE H$s Wr Vm{H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$m `h Xmdm
PyR>m hmo OmE {H$ VmD$Z _oar gMmB H$mo {g H$aZo Ho$ {bE \$bmB JB
216
h, CgZo CgHo$ Ka na AmH$a hma {H$`m Ama nhbo Vmo CgHo$ Xmo nw
{H$ do hr CgH$s gVmZ Wo VmD$Z go JV hmoH$a _a JE Ama CgH$s
nZr Cgo N>moS> H$a {H$gr A` `pV Ho$ gmW ^mJ JB, nwm| H$s _`w
Ho$ nMmV dh d` ^r VmD$Z hr go amoJJV hmoH$a _a J`m & _aVo
g_` `h H$hVm Wm {H$ A~ Vmo wXm Zo ^r _wPo N>moS> {X`m & Bg
`pV H$s _mV Zo ^r ~S>o d^dembr eXm| _| Bg ~mV na gm` Xr
{H$ _m_yam| H$m {damoY H$moB gmYmaU ~mV Zht, Omo erK `m Xoa go wXm
Ho$ H$mon go JV H$aVm h &
{MamJXrZ O_yZr Ho$ A{V[aV A` ~r{g`m| `pV Eogo h {Ohm|Zo
Amn(A) Ho$ {d _w~m{hbo Ho$ {bE XAmE H$s Ama A{V erK wXm H$s
nH$S> _| Am JE Ogo {H$ _mbdr Jwbm_ XVJra H$gyar & `h hZ{\$`m| _|
go (B_m_ A~y hZr\$m Ho$ _mJ H$mo _mZZo dmbo) EH$ loR> {dmZ Ama
{VR>mdmZ `pV Wm & CgZo ^r AmnHo$ {d XAm H$s Wr VWm
Abmh VAmbm go PyR>o Ama gMo Ho$ _` {ZU` Mmhm & `h `pV ^r
A{VerK AWmV Hw$N> hr _hrZm| Ho$ AXa-AXa VmD$Z go amoJJV hmoH$a
V~mh hmo J`m Ama bmoJm| Ho$ {bE B~aV (ZgrhV) H$m H$maU ~Zm &
EH$ `pV \$H$sa {_Om Zm_ H$m {Zdmgr Xb{_`mb {Obm Oohb_
H$m Wm & Cg Zo bmoJm| _| `h H$hZm Ama^ {H$`m {H$ hOaV AH$Xg
_grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Ho$ gX^ _| _wPo ~Vm`m J`m h
{H$ Bg a_OmZ H$s gmmBg VmarI VH$ dh {_Q> OmEJo Ama O_mAV
Ah_{X`m Ho$ WmZr` gX`m| H$mo EH$ n {bI H$a Xo {X`m, {Og_| Cg
H$\$ H$s MMm H$s Ama {bIm {H$ `{X gmmBg a_OmZwb_w~maH$ gZ
1321 {hOr VH$ {_Om gm{h~ V~mh Z hE `m CZH$m {gb{gbm V~mh
Z hAm Vmo _ òH$ H$ma H$m XS> ghZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE V`ma h & Cg
H$mJO na ~hV go bmoJm| Ho$ hVmja H$adm H$a O_mAV Ah_{X`m Ho$
gX`m| H$mo Xo {X`m & `h H$mJO Ogm {H$ Cg na {bIm hAm h gmV
a_OmZwb_w~maH$ gZ 1321 {hOr H$mo {bIm J`m & VnMmV gmmBg
a_OmZ Vmo JwOa hr J`m Ama Eogm hr hmoZm Mm{hE Wm & gMm| na
PyR>m| H$s ~mVm| H$m `m ^md hmo gH$Vm Wm, naVw AJbm a_OmZ Am`m
Vmo Cg Jmd _| VmD$Z H$Q> hB Ama nhbo Cg `pV H$s nZr _ar
Xm'dVwb A_ra
217
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{\$a `h d` ~r_ma hAm Ama nyao EH$ df Ho$ nMmV Cgr {V{W {Og
{V{W H$mo CgZo dh n {bI H$a {X`m Wm AWmV gmV a_OmZ _w~maH$
H$mo `h `pV gV VH$br\$ Ama H$Q> CR>mH$a _a J`m Ama Hw$N> {XZ
~mX CgH$s nwr ^r JwOa JB &
ò CXmhaU `{X EH$ {H$E OmE Vmo gH$S>m| A{nVw ghm| H$s g`m
VH$ nhM OmE, `m|{H$ gH$S>m| hOmam| bmoJm| Zo g~yVm| go VJ Am H$a
VWm hR> _| {JaVma hmoH$a hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_
Ho$ {d XAmE H$s Ama dh Abmh VAmbm H$s nH$S> _| Am JE, naVw
gdm{YH$ {d{M ~mV `h h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo Bg V~mhr Ama
An_mZ Ho$ {ZemZ H$mo H$B $n _| {XIm`m h & {OZ bmoJm| Zo `h H$hm
{H$ Abmh VAmbm PyR>o H$mo gMo Ho$ OrdZ _| V~mh H$ao, CZH$mo Amn
Ho$ OrdZ _| V~mh H$a {X`m Ama {OZ bmoJm| Zo H$hm {H$ PyR>o H$m gMo
Ho$ OrdZ _| V~mh hmo OmZm H$moB g~yV Zht h A{nVw PyR>o H$mo b~r
Ny>Q> Xr OmVr h, Ogm {H$ _wg{b_m H$Om~ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV V~mh hAm, CZH$mo Abmh VAmbm Zo Ny>Q>
Xr Ama _wg{b_m H$Om~ H$m g_Vw` ~Zm {X`m &
Bg H$ma Ho$ {ZemZm| _| go EH$ CXmhaU _mbdr gZmCbmh
A_Vgar gm{h~ Omo A~ma "Ahbo hXrg' Ho$ EoS>rQ>a h Ama Ahbo
hXrg gXm` Ho$ ZoVm H$hbmVo h & `h gOZ AnZo {damoY _| gr_m go
~T> JE Vmo hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo Hw$AmZr AmXoemZwgma -
(\$_Z hmOH$m \$sho {_Z ~mXo _m OmAH$m {_Zb B_o \$Hw$b

VAmbm ZXAmo AZmAZm d A~mAHw$_ d {ZgmAZm d {ZgmAHw$_
d A\w$gZm d A\w$gHw$_ - gw_m ZV{hb \$ZAb bmZVbmho
Abb H$m{O~rZ) CZH$mo _w~m{hbo H$s XmdV Xr naVw CZ gOZ Zo
_w~m{hbo _| AnZr Hw$ebVm Z XoIr Ama ~mdOyX ~ma~ma Ama {^Z{^Z $nm| _| dm{^_mZ {XbmZo Ho$ Chm|Zo nbm`Z {H$`m & hOaV
218
AH$Xg(A) Zo EH$ XAm {bIr VWm CZ go Mmhm {H$ AnZo A~ma _| Cgo
H$m{eV H$a X| Ama Cg _| Bg _mn-XS> Ho$ _m`_ go {ZU` H$s
BN>m H$Q> H$s {H$ PyR>m gMo Ho$ OrdZ _| V~mh hmo OmE & Bg XAm
na ^r _mbdr gm{h~ Zo nbm`Z H$m _mJ AnZm`m Ama {ZaVa Ama ~S>o
Omoa go AnZo A~ma _| {bIZm Ama^ {H$`m {H$ `h H$Xm{n H$moB
_mnXS> Zht Ama _ {ZU` Ho$ Bg T>J H$mo H$Xm{n drH$ma Zht
H$aVm, `m|{H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go kmV hmoVm h {H$ PyR>o H$mo b~r
_whbV (Ny>Q>) Xr OmVr h Ama wXm VAmbm H$m H$_ ^r Bgr H$s gm`
XoVm h & AV: agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ~mX
_wg{b_m H$Om~ Or{dV ahm &
CZH$s Bg KmofUm H$m n[aUm_ `h hAm {H$ wXm VAmbm Zo CZHo$
~VmE hE _mn-XS> Ho$ AZwgma nH$S>m Ama CZH$mo b~r Ny>Q> Xo Xr &
hOaV AH$Xg H$s _`w Ho$ nMmV CZ H$mo Or{dV aIm Ama dh AnZo
boI Ho$ AZwgma _wg{b_m H$Om~ Ho$ g_$n {g hE VWm CZHo$ OrdZ
H$m òH$ {XZ Abmh H$s Hw$XaV H$m EH$ _mU Ama CZ Ho$ _wg{b_m
hmoZo H$m EH$ epVembr g~yV hmoVm h &
AV: Abmh VAmbm Zo AmnHo$ ewAm| H$mo òH$ $n _| V~mh Ama
An_m{ZV {H$`m & {Ohm|Zo Bg _mn-XS> H$mo drH$ma {H$`m {H$ PyR>m
gMo Ho$ OrdZ _| V~mh hmoVm h CZH$mo Amn(A) Ho$ OrdZ _| V~mh
{H$`m Ama {Ohm|Zo Bg na ~b {X`m {H$ PyR>o H$m `h {ZemZ hmoVm h
{H$ dh b~r _whbV (Ny>Q>) nmVm h Ama gMo Ho$ ~mX Or{dV aIm
OmVm h, CZH$mo b~r _whbV Xr & hOaV AH$Xg(A) Ho$ ewAm| _| A~yOhb Ama _wg{b_m XmoZm| H$ma Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ CXmhaU {XIm H$a hOaV
AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ _| AmgV
hmoZo H$m _mU {X`m Ama `h ^r {g {H$`m {H$ `h g~ gm_mZ
Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go Wm, _m g`moJ Z Wm, `m|{H$ `{X g`moJ
hmoVm Vmo òH$ gX` go CgHo$ AnZo _m` _mnXS> Ho$ AZwgma `m|
`dhma hmoVm &
Bg H$ma H$s V~m{h`m| Ho$ A{V[aV Omo _w~m{hbo H$s XAm `m ~X
XAmAm| Ho$ n[aUm_ d$n Amn(A) Ho$ ewAm| H$mo nhMt Ama ^m{V-^m{V
Xm'dVwb A_ra
219
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ho$ H$mon CVmao Ama bmoJm| H$mo BVZo H$Q>m| go JV {H$`m {H$ òH$
X` H$h ahm h {H$ BVZr V~mhr Bg go nyd ggma _| H$^r Zht AmB
Wr & Bg Ho$ {ddaU H$s Bg WmZ na Amd`H$Vm Zht, `m|{H$ `h
Eogr ~mV h {H$ òH$ Xoe Ama òH$ H$m_ Bg na gmjr h & H$mZ
gm Xoe h Ohm VmD$Z, ^yH$n `m BbwEOm, AH$mb AWdm `w Zo
V~mhr Zht _MmB Ama eham| Ama Xoem| H$mo Zht COmS>m &
bmoJm| na Omo H$mon CVao h CZ_| go Hw$N> Bg H$ma Ho$ ^r hmoVo Wo
{H$ Omo bmoJ Amn(A) na H$moB Amamon bJmVo Wo Cgr {dn{m _| d` JV
hmo OmVo Wo & CXmhaUV`m Hw$N> bmoJ H$h XoVo Wo {H$ Amn(A) H$mo
(ZmD$Ow{~bmh) ~g (\w$b~har H$m amoJ) h Vmo Abmh VAmbm CZH$mo
~g Ho$ amoJ _| amoJJV H$a XoVm VWm Hw$N> bmoJ Amn(A) Ho$ gX^ _|
`h {g H$a XoVo {H$ Amn H$s VmD$Z go _`w hmo JB h `m hmoJr Vmo
do d` VmD$Z go _a OmVo & S>mQ>a AXb hH$s_ _S>rH$b A{YH$mar
n{Q>`mbm Zo Amn(A) Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dmUr H$s {H$ ""\o$\$S>o Ho$ amoJ
go'' _`w hmoJr dh A\$ga `_m amoJ (\o$\$S>m| _| O_ hmoZo H$m amoJ) go
_am & Bg H$ma Ho$ gH$S>m| CXmhaU {_bVo h {H$ {Og `pV Zo Omo
PyR> Amn(A) na ~mYm dhr Cg na CbQ> nS>m Ama Eogo H$mon`wV
{ZemZ Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn Ho$ g_WZ _| {XImE {H$ òH$ `pV
Omo of-^mdZm go [aV hmoH$a CZH$mo XoIVm h Cgo Abmh VAmbm H$s
Hw$XaV Ama CgHo$ H$R>moa H$monr hmoZo na nyU B_mZ mV hmoVm h Ama
dh Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$aZo na {dde hmoVm h {H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A)
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ gMo ~Xo Wo A`Wm `m H$maU h {H$ Amn Ho$ {bE
dh BVZr JaV (dm{^_mZ) {XImVm Wm Ama A~ ^r {XImVm h &
AmR>dm g~yV
\$[aVm| H$m gXh H$aZm
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go {d{XV hmoVm h {H$ AmX_(A) H$mo nXm H$aHo$ Abmh
VAmbm Zo \$[aVm| H$mo AmXoe {X`m {H$ Cgo gXh H$a| & 225 gXh EH$
220
CnmgZm h Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr A` dVw Ho$ AmJo
gXh H$aZm Mmho dh {H$VZr hr _hmZ Ama d^dembr hmo dY Zht,
`hm VH$ {H$ Z{~`m| Ama Z{~`m| _| go CZ Ho$ gaXma _wh_X _wV\$m
gbbmhmo Abho d Am{bhr d gb_ Ho$ AmJo ^r dY Zht Ama `hr
Zht {H$ gXh H$aZm wXm Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr A` Ho$ {bE dY Zht
A{nVw A`V nmn h Ama BgH$m H$Vm Abmh VAmbm Ho$ gm{Z` Ama
CgH$s H$nm go d{MV ah OmVm h & AV: gXh go A{^m` dh gXh
Vmo Zht hmo gH$Vm Omo CnmgZm Ho$ Vma na {H$`m OmVm h &
`h ^r Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm {H$ nydH$mbrZ `wJ _| gXh H$aZm dY
hmoJm ~mX _| {ZfoY hmo J`m `m|{H$ VdmX CZ nmnm| _| go Zht Omo
H$^r dY hm| Ama H$^r {ZfoY hmo OmE & wXm H$m EHo$dadmX _yb
Co` h Ama Cg_| {H$gr g_` ^r n[adVZ Zht hmo gH$Vm Ama `{X
_mZ ^r {b`m OmE {H$ nhbo wXm Ho$ Abmdm H$moB gXh dY Wm naVw
~mX _| Cgo VdmX R>ham H$a AdY H$a {X`m J`m Vmo {\$a eVmZ H$m
A{YH$ma h {H$ Xmdm H$ao {H$ Omo ~mV _ nhbo H$hVm Wm AVV:
(ZmD$Ow{~bmh) Abmh VAmbm H$mo ^r H$aZm nS>r & _oar ^r Vmo `hr
Amn{m Wr {H$ wXm Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr Ama Ho$ gm_Zo gXh Zht H$a
gH$Vm & Abmh Ho$ AmJo gXh H$aZo go Vmo _Zo H$^r BH$ma Zht
{H$`m &
AVEd {H$gr $n _| ^r Abmh Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr Ama Ho$ AmJo
gXh dY Zht hmo gH$Vm & Z A~ dY h Ama Z nyd _| H$^r dY
Wm & AV: \$[aVm| H$mo gXh H$m AmXoe XoZo H$m A{^m` CnmgZm H$aZo
dmbm gXh Vmo Zht hmo gH$Vm, Bggo Ad` Hw$N> Ama A{^m` h Ama
dh A{^m` Aa~r eXH$mof Ho$ AZwgma nyU AmkmH$mar hmoZm h & {Og
H$ma gXh H$m AW CnmgZm H$m gXh h & gXh H$m AW AkmH$mar
hmoZm ^r h & "{bgmZwb Aa~' H$s {OX 4 _| gXh eX Ho$ ZrMo
{bIm h (d Hw$bmo _Z Obm
d OAm {b_m C{_am {~hr \$H$X gOXm) AWmV {OgZo {H$gr H$m
AmXoe nyUV`m _mZm CgHo$ g~Y _| H$hVo h {H$ Cg Zo gXh {H$`m &
AV: AmX_(A) H$mo gXh H$aZo H$m AmXoe XoZo H$m AW `h h {H$ \$[aVo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
221
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CgHo$ AmkmH$mar hm| Ama ~Xm| Ho$ {bE \$[aVm| H$m AmkmH$mar hmoZm `h
h {H$ CZHo$ H$m` _| ghm`Vm H$a| & `h AmXoe AmX_(A) go {deof Zht
A{nVw òH$ Z~r Omo ggma _| AmVm h CgHo$ {bE `hr AmXoe {X`m
OmVm h A{nVw `{X {H$gr `pV Ho$ {bE \$[aVm| H$mo Bg H$ma H$m
AmXoe Z {X`m OmE Vmo dh _m_ya H$hbm hr Zht gH$Vm &
h_mao AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ OrdZ _| Bg H$ma
H$s ~hV gr KQ>ZmE {_bVr h {H$ \$[aVm| Zo Amn g.A.d. Ho$ H$m_ _|
Amn H$s ghm`Vm H$s & Ogo ~Xa Ho$ Adga na \$[aVm| Zo H$m{\$am| Ho$
X`m| _| ^` S>mbm `m Amn Ho$ H$H$S> \|$H$Zo na Omoa go AmYr Mbr `m
"AhOm~' Ho$ Adga na AmYr Zo EH$ gaXma H$s ApZ ~wPm Xr {Oggo
H$m{\$am| H$s goZm AV-`V hmo JB `m CXmhaUV`m EH$ `hXr r Ho$
{df XoZo na CgH$m H$nQ> Amn na H$Q> hmo J`m & \$[aVm| H$s
AmkmH$m[aVm H$m H$Q>Z A{YH$Va ^m{VH$ {Z`_m| Ho$ _m`_ go hmoVm h &
do My{H$ ^m{VH$ {Z`_m| H$m W_ H$maU h do Eogo Adgam| na O~ {H$
Z~r Ama CgHo$ ewAm| H$m _wH$m~bm hmoVm h ^m{VH$ {Z`_m| H$mo CgHo$
g_WZ _| bJm XoVo h Ama `hr H$maU hmoVm h {H$ O~ `j H$maU
Z{~`m| Ho$ {d hmoVo h, n[aUm_ CZHo$ nj _| {ZH$b AmVm h `h
~mV CZ Ho$ gMm hmoZo H$m g~yV hmoVm h &
`h \$[aVm| H$s ghm`Vm hOaV _grh _mD$X(A) H$mo ^r mV
Wr, Amn Ho$ g_WZ _| ^r \$[aVo bJo ahVo Wo VWm ~S>o {d{M $nm|
_| Amn H$mo H${R>ZmB`m| go ~MmVo Wo Aa ^m{VH$ {Z`_m| H$mo Amn H$s
ghm`Vm _| bJm XoVo Wo & EH$ ~ma H$s KQ>Zm h {H$ Amn(A) Ama Hw$N>
A` bmoJ {OZ_| {hX, _wgb_mZ, {d{^Z Y_m] Ho$ bmoJ gp_{bV Wo,
EH$ _H$mZ _| gmo aho Wo & Amn(A) H$s AMmZH$ AmI Iwb JB Ama
AmnZo AnZo X` _| `h emoa _hgyg {H$`m {H$ _H$mZ {JaZo bJm h &
_H$mZ Ho$ {JaZo H$m `jV`m H$moB bjU Z Wm, Ho$db N>V _| go Bg
H$ma H$s AmdmO Am ahr Wr Ogo {H$ bH$S>r Ho$ H$sS>o Ho$ H$mQ>Zo go
AmVr h & Amn Zo AnZo gm{W`m| H$mo OJm`m Ama H$hm {H$ do _H$mZ
H$mo Imbr H$a X|, naVw Chm|Zo Hw$N> nadmh Z H$s Ama `h H$h H$a
{H$ _m Amn(A) H$m ^_ h A`Wm H$moB IVam Zht & {\$a gmo JE &
222
Hw$N> g_` Ho$ nMmV Amn Zo {\$a dhr emoa _hgyg {H$`m Ama nwZ:
CZH$mo OJm`m Ama ~hV ~b {X`m, Bg na do bmoJ Amn H$m _mZ
aIVo hE CR> IS>o hE, naVw {eH$m`V H$s {H$ Amn Zo AnZo ^_ Ho$
AZwgaU _| bmoJm| H$mo AH$maU H$Q> {X`m & Amn(A) Zo AnZo X` _|
`h _hgyg {H$`m {H$ `h _H$mZ Ho$db _oar Vrjm H$a ahm h, _
`{X {ZH$bm Vmo _H$mZ VwaV {Ja OmEJm & Bg na AmnZo nhbo CZ
bmoJm| H$mo {ZH$mbm Ama g~ go AV _| d` {ZH$bo & A^r Amn Zo
EH$ na grT>r na aIm Wm Ama Xgam CR>m`m Wm {H$ _H$mZ H$s N>V
Omoa go {Ja nS>r Ama bmoJ A`V AmM` M{H$V hE Ama Amn Ho$
Am^mar hE Ama g_P {b`m {H$ Ho$db Amn(A) Ho$ H$maU CZHo$ mU
~MmE JE h &
Bgr H$ma H$^r Eogm hmoVm Wm {H$ Hw$N> ~r_m[a`m| Ho$ Adga na
Amf{Y`m _y{VdV hmoH$a AnZr dmV{dH$Vm H$mo X{eV H$a XoVr Wt Ama
`j h {H$ Amf{Y`m Vmo {ZOud h dmVd _| `h \$[aVm| H$s ghm`Vm
Wr Omo Amf{Y`m| Ho$ ^md Ho$ H$Q>Z Ho$ {bE {Z`wV h Ama òH$
dVw H$m W_ H$maU h & AV: EH$ ~ma Amn H$mo {H$gr amoJ go A`V
H$Q> Wm & AZoH$m| Amf{Y`m| Ho$ godZ go H$moB bm^ Z hAm, BVZo _| EH$
AmH${V _y{VdV hB Ama H$hm {H$ ""mH$gma {nna{_Q>'' & 227 O~
Cg Amf{Y H$m godZ {H$`m J`m Vmo VwaV Amam_ {_b J`m &
H$B ~ma Amn Ho$ ew Amn H$s h`m H$aZo H$m BamXm H$aVo Wo naVw
do bmoJ Omo Amn H$s h`m Ho$ {bE ôOo OmVo Wo `m Vmo CZHo$ AmZo H$s
gyMZm AmnH$mo nhbo go hmo OmVr Wr `m CZHo$ X` _| \$[aVo ~Xa
dmbm| H$s Vah Hw$N> Bg H$ma H$m ^` S>mb XoVo Wo {H$ do d` hr H$b
hmo OmVo Wo, AWmV Vm~m H$aHo$ Amn(A) Ho$ hmW na ~AV H$a boVo Ama
hOaV C_a(a{O.) H$s ^m{V ewVm `mJ H$a AmkmH$mar hmo OmVo &
naVw BZ g_V KQ>ZmAm| go ~T>H$a dh _hmZ {ZemZ h Omo VmD$Z
Ho$ g~Y _| H$Q> hAm & _ AmJo MbH$a dUZ H$$Jm {H$ VmD$Z {H$g
H$ma AmnH$s ^{d`dm[U`m| Ho$ AYrZ ggma _| H$Q> hB & Bg g_`
BVZm H$h XoZm n`mV hmoJm {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn(A) H$mo VmD$Z
hmWr Ho$ $n _| {XImB 228 Omo g_V ggma _| V~mhr S>mb ahr h,
Xm'dVwb A_ra
223
Xm'dVwb A_ra
naVw g~ Amoa aVnmV H$aHo$ Amn(A) Ho$ AmJo AmH$a ~S>r {eQ>Vm Ho$
gmW ~R> OmVr h & Bg dZ H$m AW `h Wm {H$ VmD$Z Ho$ \$[aVm|
H$mo Amn Ho$ g_WZ H$m AmXoe {X`m J`m h & Bg ` Ho$ g_WZ _|
Ama ^r ~hV go Bhm_ hE & CXmhaUV`m `h {H$ ""AmJ h_mar
Jwbm_ A{nVw Jwbm_m| H$s (^r) Jwbm_ h &'' 229 Ama Amn Zo
KmofUm H$a Xr {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo _wPo ~Vm`m h {H$ _oar O_mAV
Ho$ bmoJ VmD$Z go AnojmH$V gwa{jV ah|Jo, `{n Hw$N> KQ>ZmE ^r hmo
OmEJr, naVw do Bgr H$ma hm|Jr Ogo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ g_` _| H$m{\$am| Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| Hw$N> _wgb_mZ ^r ehrX hmo
OmVo Wo, naVw AnojmH$V H$m{\$a A{YH$ _aVo Wo Ama ghm~m(a{O.) ~hV
H$_ &
Bgr H$ma `h ^r KmofUm H$s {H$ ~pV`m| _| go H$m{X`mZ
AnojmH$V gwa{jV ahoJm 230 Ama `hm Bg H$ma H$s ^`H$a VmD$Z
Zht nS>oJr Ogr {H$ A` WmZm| na nS>oJr, Kam| _| go Amn H$m Ka
nyU $n go gwa{jV ahoJm, Cg_| VmD$Z H$s H$moB KQ>Zm Zht hmoJr &
BZ KmofUmAm| Ho$ nMmV {hXVmZ _| VmD$Z BVZr VrdVm Ho$ gmW
\$br {H$ "wXm H$s nZmh' ! òH$ df H$B-H$B bmI bmoJ VmD$Z
go _a OmVo Wo, naVw ~mdOyX BgHo$ {H$ Amn Zo AnZr O_mAV Ho$
VmD$Z H$m Q>rH$m bJmZo go amoH$ {X`m, Omo VmD$Z H$m EH$ hr CnMma
g_Pm OmVm Wm & A` bmoJ VmD$Z go _aVo Wo, naVw Amn H$s
O_mAV H$mo bmoJ AnojmH$V VmD$Z go gwa{jV ahVo Wo & {ZaVa
Ama H$B df VH$ Bgr H$ma hmoVm XoI H$a bmoJm| Zo gmoMm {H$
{ZM` hr H$moB ~mV h {H$ Bg H$ma VmD$Z Ho$ H$sQ>mUw Ah_{X`m|
H$mo N>moS> H$a A` bmoJm| H$mo nH$S>Vo h & ghm| bmoJ Bg H$mo XoI
H$a B_mZ bmE A{nVw _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ g_` Ho$ A{YH$me
Ah_Xr dhr h Omo Bg {ZemZ H$mo XoI H$a B_mZ bmE Wo & `h ~mV
CZHo$ {bE AmMÒZH$ Wr {H$ VmD$Z Ho$ H$sQ>mUwAm| H$mo H$mZ
~VmVm h {H$ A_wH$ `pV {_Om gm{h~ H$m _mZZo dmbm h Ama
A_wH$ BH$mar &
~S>o-~S>o ew Ogm {H$ nyd d{UV CXmhaUm| go H$Q> h VmD$Z go hr
224
V~mh hE, naVw Amn H$s O_mAV ~hV gr_m VH$ gwa{jV ahr &
Ho$db H$^r-H$^r Ama {H$gr WmZ na H$moB Eogr KQ>Zm hmo OmVr Wr {H$
CZ _| go ^r H$moB Bg amoJ go amoJJV hmo JE & {ZaVa H$B df VH$
Xoe â _| VmD$Z Ho$ H$mon H$m AmZm Ama _mZZo dmbm| H$m AnojmH$V
gwa{jV ahZm nQ> Vma na H$Q> H$aVm h {H$ Amn H$s CnamoV d{UV
amo`m (dZ) Ama Amn Ho$ Bhm_ "ApZ h_mar Jwbm_ A{nVw Jwbm_m|
H$s (^r) Jwbm_ h' Ho$ AYrZ \$[aVo Bg amoJ Ho$ H$sQ>mUwAm| H$mo Amn
Ho$ g_WZ A{nVw Amn Ho$ ewAm| H$s V~mhr _| bJm aho Wo Ama Bg
H$ma AmkmH$m[aVm H$m dh Xm{`d nyU H$a aho Wo Omo òH$ agyb Ho$
g~Y _| CZHo$ gwnwX {H$`m J`m h &
H$m{X`mZ _| ^r Eogm hr hAm {H$ Xgao eham| H$s Anojm `hm ~hV
hr H$_ VmD$Z hB Ama VrZ df VH$ ah H$a g_mV hmo JB & hmbm{H$
A` eham| _| Xg-Xg df A{nVw Hw$N> WmZm| na Bg go ^r A{YH$
ahr &
Amn(A) Ho$ Ka Ho$ g~Y _| Vmo \ $[aVm| H$r AmkmH$m[aVm H$m {d{M
CXmhaU {XImB {X`m AWmV ~mdOyX BgHo$ {H$ VrZ df VH$ {ZaVa AmnHo$
Ka Ho$ ~m`t Amoa ^r Ama Xm`t Amoa ^r VmD$Z H$m H$mon hAm & Amn Ho$
Ka Ho$ Xm`t Amoa dmbo gbZ Ka _| ^r _mV| hB Ama ~m`t Amoa Ho$ Ka
_| ^r _mV| hB, naVw Amn H$m Ka {Og_| gm go A{YH$ bmoJ ahVo Wo
VWm {ZMbr gVh na hmoZo Ho$ H$maU dmW`dYH$ WmZ na ^r Zht
H$hbm gH$Vm Z Ho$db `h {H$ Cg_| H$moB _mV Zht hB A{nVw H$moB Myhm
^r Bg go amoJJV Zht hAm, hmbm{H$ VmD$Z H$m H$mon O~ {H$gr Jmd _|
hmo Vmo Myho VwaV _aZo Ama^ hmo OmVo h & `h EH$ {d{M {ZemZ h
Ama ~w{_mZ Ho$ {bE gVmof H$m H$maU & `{X \ $[aVo Amn H$m g_WZ
Zht H$a aho Wo Vmo {\$a `m dVw Wr Omo ^m{VH$ n[apW{V`m| H$mo Omo
emgH$m| Ama amOmAm| Ho$ A{YH$ma _| Zht hmoVr Amn Ho$ g_WZ Ama Amn
H$s J bw m_r _| bJmE hE Wr & ~S>-o ~S>o S>mQ>a Omo amV-{XZ {M{H$gm
g~Y r gmdYm{Z`m| go H$m_ bo aho Wo VmD$Z H$m {eH$ma hmoVo Wo, eham| go
~mha dN> _H$mZm| _| ahZo dmbo CgH$s nH$S> go ~M Zht gH$Vo Wo &
Q>rH$mH$aU dmbo ^r gwa{jV Z Wo, naVw Amn Ho$ Ka Ho$ bmoJ {~Zm {H$gr
Xm'dVwb A_ra
225
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`j H$maU, {~Zm CnMma {~Zm dm` gwajm gmYZm| Ho$, {~Zm Am~mXr
go ~mha OmZo Ho$ Bg gH$ m_H$ amoJ Ho$ AmH$_U go gwa{jV ahVo, A{nVw
OmZda VH$ BgHo$ ^md H$mo drH$ma Z H$aVo & hmbm{H$ Ka _| {Zdmg
H$aZo dmbo ~hV ~S>r g`m _| Wo A{nVw VmD$Z Ho$ {XZm| _| A` ~hV go
bmoJ ^r {dZVr H$aHo$ Ka Ho$ AXa Am OmVo Wo &
`{X H$m{X`mZ _| VmD$Z Z AmVr `m `{X H$m{X`mZ _| VmD$Z AmVr
naVw Amn Ho$ Ka Ho$ BX-{JX Z AmVr Vmo H$hm Om gH$Vm Wm {H$
g`moJ Wm naVw g_` go nyd `h ~mV H$m{eV H$a XoZo Ho$ nMmV {H$
wXm Ho$ \$[aVo Amn(A) Ho$ g_WZ _| h Ama VmD$Z H$mo AnZr XmgVm
H$s OOra nhZmE hE h, VmD$Z H$m H$m{X`mZ _| AmZm, {\$a Amn(A) Ho$
Ka Ho$ BX-{JX AmZm, naVw Amn Ho$ Ka _| {H$gr `pV `m OmZda H$m
^r Cg go ^m{dV Z hmoZm EH$ epVembr _mU h Bg ~mV H$m {H$
\$[aVm| H$mo Amn H$s AmkmnmbZ H$m AmXoe {X`m J`m Wm Ama do Amn
H$s gwajm na {Z`wV Wo & Bg H$maU do ^m{VH$ gmYZ ^r Omo CZHo$
~Y Ho$ AYrZ Wo Amn H$s ghm`Vm _| H$màV Wo &
^m{VH$ gmYZm| H$m Bg H$ma AmnH$m g_WZ H$aZm ~hV gr KQ>ZmAm|
go {g hmoVm h, naVw _ g_PVm h BgHo$ Cn`w V Hw$N> CXmhaU n`mV
hm|Jo Ama CZ go Bg H$ma Ho$ M_H$mam| H$s dmV{dH$Vm Amn na nQ>
hmo OmEJr VWm Amn _mby_ H$a gH|$Jo {H$ {Oh| Bg H$ma H$m g_WZ
mV hmo do PyR> ~mYZo dmbo Ama PyR>o H$Xm{n Zht hmo gH$Vo &
Zmdm g~yV
AmH$mer` kmZm| H$m H$Q>Z
Amn(A) H$s gMmB H$m Zmdm g~yV dmVd _| `h ^r ~hV go
g~yVm| H$mo g_oQ>o hE h, `h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn(A) na
epVembr hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo Eogo kmZm| H$mo H$Q> {H$`m {OZ H$s mpV
_mZdr` epV go D$na h & Z{~`m| Ho$ AmZo H$m Co` hr `h hmoVm h
{H$ do bmoJm| H$mo Cg PaZo VH$ nhMmE {Og go VV hE {~Zm
226
Am`mp_H$ OrdZ Wm{nV hr Zht ah gH$Vm AWmV g_V OrdZm| Ho$
CXJ_ Cg EH$ wXm go Ch| gbZ Ama g~{YV H$a X| & `h ~mV
Am`mp_H$ kmZm| H$s mpV Ho$ {~Zm Zht hmo gH$Vr & Abmh VAmbm
H$m gm{Z` dhr `pV mV H$a gH$Vm h {Ogo CgH$m Am`m_ kmZ
mV hmo VWm CgHo$ gm{Z` Ho$ _m`_ kmV hm| Ama CgH$s {deofVmAm|
H$m gy_ go gy_ kmZ aIVm hmo Ama Xgam| H$m dhr `pV Am`mp_H$
~mVm| _| _mJ-XeZ H$a gH$Vm h Omo BZ ~mVm| H$m A{YH$me kmZ mV
H$a MwH$m hmo &
AV: {H$gr _m_ya H$m Xmdm drH$ma`mo` Zht hmo gH$Vm O~ VH$
{H$ dh wXm VAmbm Ho$ Agr{_V kmZ go ^mJ mV Z H$ao Ama Abmh
VAmbm CgH$m kmZ $nr nmofU Ama gajU Z H$ao & AV: hOaV
AH$Xg(A) Ho$ Xmdo H$s gMmB H$mo _mby_ H$aZo Ho$ {bE h_ Bg {Z`_ Ho$
_m`_ go ^r Amn Ho$ Xmdo na {dMma H$aVo h Ama XoIVo h {H$ Abmh
VAmbm Zo Amn na `m-`m kmZ Imobo h &
Abmh VAmbm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| \$a_mVm h (d Ab_m AmX_b A_mA Hw$bhm) Ama
(A)
CgZo hOaV AmX_ H$mo g_V wXmB {deofVmAm| H$m kmZ XmZ {H$`m
VWm wXmB {deofVmAm| Ho$ AVJV òH$ H$ma H$m kmZ Am OmVm h
`m|{H$ wXm H$s _m'[a\$V Ho$ AW wXmB {deofVmAm| H$m Eogm kmZ hr h
Omo AdbmoH$Z Ho$ gmW g~Y aIVm h & `h kmZ òH$ _m_ya (Am[XQ>)
H$mo {X`m OmVm h & AV: Abmh VAmbm hOaV byV(A) Ho$ gX^ _|
\$a_mVm h
(d byVZ AmV`Zmhmo h_Z d
(A)
B_Z) Ama hOaV XmD$X Ama gwb_mZ Ho$ gX^ _| \$a_mVm h (d bH$X AmV`Zm XmD$Xm d gwb`_mZm
B_Z) Ama hOaV `ygw\$(A) Ho$ gX^ _| \$a_mVm h (d b_m ~bJm AewhAmV`Zmhmo
hH$_Z d Bb_Z) Ama hOaV _ygm(A) Ho$ gX^ _| \$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
227
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d b_m ~bJm Aewh dVdm AmV`Zmhmo h_Z d B_Z d
H$Om{bH$m ZpOb _wh{gZrZ) Ama AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ gX^ _| \$a_mVm h (d Ab_H$m _m
b_ VHw$Z Vm'b_ d H$mZm \$bwbmho AbH$m AOr_Z) {H$ AmnH$mo
dh kmZ {gIm`m h Omo AmnH$mo nhbo _mby_ Z Wm {\$a Ama kmZm| Ho$
H$Q>Z H$m AmdmgZ XoVm h Ama `h XAm {gImVm h AV: BZ Am`Vm| go kmV hAm {H$ òH$ _m_ya H$mo
wXm VAmbm H$s Amoa go EH$ {deof kmZ XmZ {H$`m OmVm h, H$ma
H$m kmZ hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$mo ^r {X`m J`m & AVa
Ho$db `h h {H$ nydH$mbrZ _m_yam| H$mo Vmo Ho$db AmV[aH$ kmZ {X`m
OmVm Wm naVw Amn(A) H$mo AnZo AZwH$aUr` Ama dm_r AmhOaV
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ AZwgaU _| ~m Ama AmV[aH$ XmoZm|
H$ma H$m kmZ {X`m J`m, AWmV Am`mp_H$ kmZ ^r {X`m J`m Ama
Cgo dUZ H$aZo H$s loR> ebr ^r XmZ H$s JB Ama Abmh VAmbm Zo
XmoZm| ~mVm| _| AmnH$mo A{Vr` ~Zm`m, Z Vmo AmV[aH$ kmZm| Ho$ OmZZo
_| H$moB `pV Amn H$m _wH$m~bm H$a gH$Vm h Ama Z Ch| dUZ H$aZo
_| H$moB `pV Amn(A) H$m _wH$m~bm H$a gH$Vm h &
BZ XmoZm| H$ma Ho$ kmZm| _| go W_ _ `j H$ma H$m kmZ boVm
h & `h M_H$ma Amn go nyd Ho$db AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ mam H$Q> {H$`m J`m h & nydH$mbrZ Z{~`m| _| BgH$m
CXmhaU Zht {_bVm & AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ na Omo
dr AmB, CgHo$ gX^ _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h -
(d BZ Hw$Vw_ \$s a{~p__m ZObZm Abm ApXZm \$mVy

{~gya{VZ {_p_pbhr dXD$ewhXmAHw$_ {_Z X{Zbmho BZ Hw$Vw_
gm{XH$sZ) H$h Xo {H$ `{X Vwh| Bg {H$Vm~ Ho$ H$maU Omo h_ Zo AnZo
Bg ~Xo na CVmar h gXoh Ama eH$mE CnZ hmo JB Vmo {\$a CgH$s
228
EH$ gyah Ogr hr H$moB B~maV bo AmAmo Ama Cg H$s V`mar Ho$ {bE
Abmh VAmbm H$mo N>moS>H$a Vwhmao {OVZo ~wOwJ h g~ H$mo AnZr
ghm`Vm Ho$ {bE EH$ H$a bmo, naVw _aU aImo {H$ {\$a ^r Vw_
CgH$m CXmhaU bmZo na g_W Zht hmo gH$moJo & Bg Am`V _| òH$
H$ma H$s {deofVmAm| _| Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo AZwn_ R>ham`m J`m h, {OZ
_| go EH$ `j {deofVm ^r h & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s gwJ_Vm H$s Amoa
A` WmZm| na ^r Abmh VAmbm Zo `mZ AmH$fU H$am`m h & AV:
\$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
({H$Vm~wZ Ch{H$_V Am`mVmoh gw_m \w$pgbV {_bXZ hH$s

{_ZI~r[aZ) `h {H$Vm~ Eogr h {H$ Bg Ho$ AmXoe A`V T> M>mZ
na Wm{nV {H$E JE h Ama {\$a CZH$mo A{Vr` ebr _| nQ> Vma
na dUZ {H$`m J`m h Cg wXm H$s Amoa go Omo ~S>r Zr{V`m| H$m dm_r
h Ama KQ>ZmAm| go n[a{MV h AWmV Zr{VdmZ H$s Amoa go Zr{VnyU
H$bm_ hr AmZm Mm{hE Ama ~ra (~hV I~a aIZo dmbm) OmZVm h,
{H$ A~ {dmAm| H$m `wJ ma^ hmoZo dmbm h AV: kmZnyU M_H$mam|
H$s Amd`H$Vm h & Bg{bE CgZo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s ^mfm H$mo
`m`m_H$ ~Zm`m h AWmV dh AnZr `m`m d` H$aVm h Ama
AnZr {deofVm H$m d` gmjr h &
My{H$ hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_, AmhOaV
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ {e` Ama Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ {V{~~
Wo VWm Amn hr Ho$ H$me go ^mJ boZo dmbo Wo, Bg{bE Abmh VAmbm
Zo Amn H$mo ^r Bg {deofVm go ^mJ {X`m Ama Amn H$mo ^r H$bm_ H$s
gwJ_Vm XmZ H$s & _ nhbo CboI H$a MwH$m h {H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A)
{H$gr {g _Xago Ho$ nT>o hE Z Wo, gmYmaU `mo`Vm aIZo dmbo {ejH$
Amn H$s {ejm hoVw aIo JE Wo {Ohm|Zo gmYmaU nmR>`-nwVH$m| H$m EH$
^mJ Amn H$mo nT>m {X`m Wm, Amn(A) H$^r Aa~ Xoem| H$s Amoa ^r Zht
JE Wo Ama Z Amn Eogo eham| _| aho Wo Ohm Aa~r H$m MbZ hmo,
XohmVr OrdZ Ama gmYmaU {H$Vm~| nT>Zo go {OVZm kmZ _Zw` H$mo mV
hmo gH$Vm h CVZm hr Amn H$mo mV Wm &
229
Xm'dVwb A_ra
O~ Amn(A) Zo Xmdm {H$`m Ama ggma Ho$ gwYma H$s Amoa `mZ {X`m
Vmo Amn Ho$ ewAm| H$s pQ> gd W_ CZ n[apW{V`m| na nS>r Ama
Chm|Zo gmoMm {H$ `h g~ go ~S>m AmH$_U h Omo h_ Cg na H$a gH$Vo
h Ama `h {g H$aZm Ama^ H$a {X`m {H$ Amn EH$ _wer (bH$)
`pV h Ama CX {bIZo-nT>Zo _| My{H$ A`V hmo JE Ama bmoJm| _|
Hw$N> boI AN>r pQ> go XoIo JE Vmo {dMma H$a {b`m {H$ A~ _ ^r
Hw$N> ~Z J`m Ama Xmdm H$a {X`m & Amn(A) Aa~r ^mfm go AZ{^k h
Bg{bE Ym{_H$ kmZm| Ho$ g~Y _| am` XoZo Ho$ `mo` Zht & Bg Amamon
H$mo òH$ g^m Ama boI _| VwV {H$`m OmVm VWm bmoJm| Ho$ X` _|
X^mdZm CnZ H$s OmVr Wr & CZ bmoJm| H$m `h Amamon Vmo {H$
Amn(A) Aa~r ^mfm go An[a{MV Wo {~Hw$b PyR>m Wm `m|{H$ AmnZo
gm_m` nmR>`-nwVH|$ nT>r Wt, naVw `h g` Wm {H$ Amn {H$gr ~S>o
{dmZ go Zht nT>o Wo Ama Z {Z`_mZwgma {H$gr nwamZo _Xago Ho$
_mUn mV Wo & Bg{bE Xoe Ho$ ~S>o {dmZm| _| JUZm Z hmoVr Wr
Ama Z _mbdr H$s h{g`V Amn H$mo mV Wr &
O~ Bg Amamon H$r A{YH$ MMm hB Ama {damoYr _mb{d`m| Zo g_Àg_` BgH$mo VwV H$aZm Ama^ {H$`m Vmo Abmh VAmbm Zo EH$ amV
_| Mmbrg hOma _gXa (Vd) Aa~r ^mfm H$m {gIm {X`m Ama `h
M_H$ma XmZ {H$`m {H$ Amn Aa~r ^mfm _| {H$Vm~| {bI| Ama dmXm
{H$`m {H$ Amn(A) H$mo EH$ Eogr gwJ_Vm XmZ H$s OmEJr {H$ bmoJ
_wH$m~bm Z H$a gH|$Jo & AV: Amn Zo Aa~r ^mfm _| EH$ boI {bIH$a
AnZr {H$Vm~ ""AmBZm H$_mbmVo Bbm_'' Ho$ gmW H$m{eV {H$`m Ama
{damo{Y`m| H$mo CgHo$ _wH$m~bo _| {H$Vm~ {bIZo Ho$ {bE ~wbm`m, naVw
H$moB `pV _wH$m~bo na Z Am gH$m & VnMmV {ZaVa Amn Zo Aa~r
{H$Vm~| {bIt Omo ~rg go ^r A{YH$ h Ama Hw$N> {H$Vm~m| Ho$ gmW XgXg hOma nò H$m BZm_ CZ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE aIm Omo _wH$m~bo _| Eogr
hr gwJ_ {H$Vm~| {bI|, naVw BZ boIm| H$m Cma H$moB {damoYr Z {bI
gH$m A{nVw Hw$N> {H$Vm~| Aa~ bmoJm| Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| {bIr JB Ama do
^r Cma Z Xo gHo$ Ama nrR> \o$a H$a ^mJ JE & AV: g`X aerX
aOm gm{h~ ES>rQ>a ""Ab_Zma'' H$mo g~mo{YV H$aHo$ ^r EH$ {H$Vm~ 240
230
{bIr JB Ama Cgo _wH$m~bo Ho$ {bE ~wbm`m J`m, naVw dh _wH$m~bo na
Z Am`m & Bgr H$ma Hw$N> A` Aa~m| H$mo _wH$m~bo Ho$ {bE {Z_U
{X`m J`m, naVw do gmhg Z H$a gHo$ &
{hXVmZ Ho$ _mb{d`m| Zo AnZr namO` H$m BZ eXm| _| BH$ama
{H$`m {H$ {_Om gm{h~ ò {H$Vm~| d` Zht {bIVo A{nVw Chm|Zo Aa~m|
H$mo Nw>nm H$a aIm hAm h, do BZ {H$Vm~m| H$mo {bI H$a XoVo h & Bg
Amamon go nQ>V`m H$Q> h {H$ Amn H$s {H$Vm~m| H$s Aa~r ^mfm H$mo
do ^r _mZVo Wo, naVw CZH$mo `h gXoh Wm {H$ Amn d` ò {H$Vm~|
Zht {bI gH$Vo, A` bmoJ AmnH$mo ò {H$Vm~| {bI H$a Xo XoVo h & Bg
na AmnZo `h KmofUm H$s {H$ Amn bmoJ ^r Aa~m| Ama em{_`m| (gr[a`m
dmbm|) H$s ghm`Vm go _oao _wH$m~bo na {H$Vm~| {bI X|, naVw ~mdOyX
~ma-~ma dm{^_mZ H$mo MwZmVr XoZo Ho$ H$moB gm_Zo Z Am`m Ama do
{H$Vm~| A~ VH$ {Zma nS>r h &
BZ {H$Vm~m| Ho$ A{V[aV EH$ ~ma Amn H$mo Bhm_ hAm {H$ Amn
d` {~Zm V`mar Ho$ Aa~r ^mfm _| w~m (ewH$dma `m XmoZm| BXm| Ho$
g_` Omo dMZ {XE OmVo h Cgr ^mfU H$mo w~m H$hm OmVm h &
AZwdmXH$) X|, 241 hmbm{H$ AmnZo Aa~r ^mfm _| H$^r ^mfU Z {X`m
Wm, Xgao {XZ BXbAhm Wr & Bg Bhm_ Ho$ AVJV Amn Zo BX Ho$
~mX Aa~r ^mfm _| EH$ b~m ^mfU {X`m Omo "w~m Bhm{_`m' Ho$
Zm_ go H$m{eV hmo MwH$m h Cg ^mfU H$s B~maV ^r Eogr CM Va
H$s Wr {H$ Aa~ Ama Ja Aa~ nT>H$a AmM`M{H$V hmoVo h & Bg_|
Eogr gy_ ~mVm| Ama ah`m| H$m dUZ {H$`m {H$ CZHo$ H$maU Bg
w~o H$s _hmZVm Ama ^r ~T> OmVr h &
`h kmZ go n[anyU M_H$ma AmnHo$ A`V epVembr M_H$mam| _|
go h, `m|{H$ EH$ Vmo CZ M_H$mam| na Bgo loR>Vm mV h Omo A{YH$
^md Ho$db Cg g_` Ho$ bmoJm| na H$aVo h Omo XoIZo dmbo hm|, {Vr`
Bg M_H$ma H$m BH$ama ewAm| Ho$ _wI go ^r H$am {X`m J`m h & A~
O~ VH$ ggma Wm{nV h, Amn Ab{hgbm_ H$m `h M_H$ma ^r
Wm{nV ahoJm, Ama Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s ^m{V AmnHo$ ewAm| Ho$ {d
g~yV ahoJm VWm H$me_mZ {ZemZ H$s ^m{V M_H$Vm ahoJm &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
231
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Hw$N> bmoJ O~ Bg M_H$ma H$mo XoIH$a Amn H$s gMmB H$m BH$ma
H$aZo H$m H$moB Cnm` Zht XoIVo Vmo Bg na EH$ Eo{VamO {H$`m H$aVo h
Ama dh `h {H$ Bg H$ma Ho$ M_H$ma H$m Xmdm H$aZm Hw$AmZ H$ar_
H$m AZmXa h `m|{H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m Xmdm h {H$ CgH$s ^mfm
A{Vr` h & `{X {_Om gm{h~ H$mo ^r Abmh VAmbm Zo Eogr ^mfm _|
{H$Vm~| {bIZo H$s gm_` Xo Xr Omo AnZr {deofVmAm| _| AZwn_ h Vmo
Bg_| Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m AZmXa hmo J`m Ama CgH$m Xmdm {_`m hmo
J`m & BZ bmoJm| H$m `h Amamon _m of H$m n[aUm_ h A`Wm `{X ò
gmoMVo Vmo kmV hmo OmVm {H$ ~mdOyX hOaV AH$Xg H$s Aa~r {H$Vm~m|
Ho$ AZwn_ hmoZo Ho$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m Xmdm g` Ama C{MV h Ama
CgH$m M_H$m[aH$ d$n {d_mZ h A{nVw nhbo H$s Anojm A{YH$ hmo
J`m h &
ggma _| òH$ loR>Vm Xmo H$ma H$s hmoVr h & nyU loR>Vm Ama
Xgar BOm\$s AWmV EH$ loR>Vm Vmo dh Omo A` dVwAm| H$mo pQ>JV Z
aIVo hE hmoVr h Ama Xgar dh Omo Hw$N> A` dVwAm| H$mo pQ>JV
aIH$a hmoVr h & BgH$m CXmhaU _ Hw$AmZ ear\$ go hr VwV H$aVm
h {H$ Abmh VAmbm ~Zr BmBb Ho$ gX^ _| Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _|
\$a_mVm h (d AZr \$OVmoHw$_
AbbAmb_rZ) ""_Zo Vw_ H$mo g_V ggma Ho$ bmoJm| na loR>Vm Xr''
{\$a _wgb_mZm| Ho$ gX^ _| \$a_mVm h (Hw$Vw_ am C_{VZ C[aOV {bZmg) ""Vw_ g~ go loR> C_V hmo
Omo g~ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE {ZH$mbr JB hmo &'' Vmo EH$ Amoa ~Zr BmBb H$mo
g~ ggmam| na loR>Vm XoVm h Ama Xgar Amoa _wgb_mZm| H$mo g~ ggmam|
na loR>Vm XoVm h & `j Vma na Bg ~mV _| _VôX {XImB XoVm h,
naVw dmVd _| H$moB _VôX Zht A{nVw EH$ WmZ na Vmo AnZo `wJ Ho$
bmoJm| na loR>Vm A{^m` h Ama Xgao WmZ na nydH$mbrZ Ama ~mX _|
AmZo dmbm| na & Bgr H$ma hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo
dgbm_ H$s {H$Vm~m| H$mo Omo AZwn_Vm mV h dh _Zw`m| Ho$ H$bm_m|
H$mo `mZ _| aI H$a h Ama Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo Omo AZwn_Vm mV hB h
dh g_V _mZdr` H$bm_m| na ^r h Ama d` Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa
232
go AmZo dmbo A` H$bm_m| na ^r, Ama CZ _| hOaV AH$Xg(A) Ho$
Bhm_r w~o Ama Amn H$s {H$Vm~| ^r gp_{bV h & AV: Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ H$m AZwn_ Ama A{Vr` hmoZm dmV{dH$ h Ama hOaV AH$Xg(A)
H$s {H$Vm~m| H$s ^mfm H$m AZwn_ hmoZm BOm\$s (VwbZm_H$) & AV:
AmnH$m `h M_H$ma `{n bmoJm| Ho$ {bE g~yV h, naVw Hw$AmZ H$ar_
H$s emZ Ama {VR>m H$mo KQ>mZo dmbm Zht &
_Zo D$na dUZ {H$`m Wm {H$ Amn(A) Ho$ M_H$ma go Hw$AmZ H$ar_
H$s emZ XmoJwZr hmo JB h & BgH$m {ddaU `h h {H$ AZwn_Vm ^r
AZoH$ H$ma H$s hmoVr h & EH$ AZwn_Vm Eogr hmoVr h {H$ AZwn_
H$bm_ H$mo A` H$bm_m| na loR>Vm Vmo hmoVr h, naVw A`{YH$ loR>Vm
Zhr hmoVr & AV: `{n CgH$mo gdloR> Vmo H$h|Jo, naVw A` H$bm_
^r CgHo$ {ZH$Q> nhMo hE hmoVo h & Ogo KwS>-XmS> _| O~ KmoS>o XmS>Vo h
Vmo EH$ KmoS>m Omo W_ {ZH$bo Xgao KmoS>o go EH$ ~m{bV ^r AmJo hmo
gH$Vm h, EH$ JO ^r hmo gH$Vm h, Ama EH$ KmoS>o Ho$ IS>o hmoZo Ho$
WmZ {OVZm ^r AmJo hmo gH$Vm h, Cggo A{YH$ ^r hmo gH$Vm h &
`hr pW{V AZwn_ H$bm_ H$s h {H$ dh CZ go Xgao H$bm_m| H$s Anojm
{OZ Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| Cgo AZwn_ hmoZo H$m Xmdm h, gmYmaU loR>Vm ^r
aI gH$Vm h Ama ~hV A{YH$ loR>Vm ^r aI gH$Vm h & A~ `h
~mV {H$ Cg H$m Ama A` H$bm_m| H$m AVa WmoS>m h `m A{YH$ & Bgr
H$ma kmV hmo gH$Vm h {H$ CgHo$ _` Ama CZ H$bm_m| Ho$ _` {OZ
go gdloR> hmoZo H$m XmdoXma h A` H$bm_ AmH$a IS>o hmo gH|$ {H$ do
^r AZwn_ hm|, naVw Bg H$s VwbZm _| do ^r {ZZ Va Ho$ hm| & AV:
hOaV AH$Xg H$s {H$Vm~m| Zo A` _Zw`m| Ho$ H$bm_m| H$s VwbZm _|
AnZr AZwn_Vm {g H$aHo$ ~Vm {X`m h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ AnZr
AZwn_Vm _| A` H$bm_m| go ~hV hr ~T>m hAm h, `m|{H$ do H$bm_
{OZH$mo Hw$AmZ H$s VwbZm _| IS>m {H$`m OmVm Wm, Amn(A) Ho$ H$bm_ Zo
CZH$mo nrN>o S>mb {X`m, naVw {\$a ^r Amn H$m H$bm_ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$
AYrZ hr ahm Ama CgH$m godH$ hr {g hAm & {Og go kmV hAm {H$
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ A` H$bm_m| go BVZm AmJo {ZH$bm hAm h {H$ CgHo$ Ama
A` H$bm_m| Ho$ _` EH$ {demb Xar h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
233
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Bg gwJ_Vm Ho$ A{V[aV Omo Amn(A) H$mo XmZ hB, EH$ `j kmZ
Amn H$mo `h {X`m J`m {H$ Amn H$mo Bhm_ mam Aa~r ^mfm Ho$
""C_wb Ab{gZh'' (g_V ^mfmAm| H$s OZZr) hmoZo H$m kmZ {X`m
J`m & `h EH$ _hmZ Ama AX^wV kmZ Wm `m|{H$ `yamon Ho$ bmoJ "g_V
^mfmAm| H$s OZZr' Ho$ gX^ _| ~hV go `mgm| Ho$ CnamV Bg n[aUm_
na nhMo Wo {H$ gH$V `m nhbdr ^mfm g_V ^mfmAm| H$s OZZr h,
Hw$N> bmoJ BZ XmoZm| ^mfmAm| H$mo ^r Cg ^mfm H$s Omo gdW_ ^mfm
Wr, emm R>hamVo Wo Ama {dMma H$aVo Wo {H$ Ama{^H$ ^mfm ggma go
ZQ> hmo JB h & `h Vmo `yamon Ho$ bmoJm| H$m {dMma Wm, Aa~ {OZH$s
^mfm Aa~r h do ^r Bg loR>Vm H$mo Zht _mZVo Wo A{nVw `yamon H$s
{ejm Ho$ ^md go "g_V ^mfmAm| H$s OZZr' H$s ImoO A` Xoem| H$r
^mfmAm| _| H$a aho Wo & BZ n[apW{V`m| _| Amn H$mo Abmh VAmbm H$s
Amoa go `h kmZ {X`m OmZm {H$ dmVd _| Aa~r ^mfm _| C_wb
Ab{gZh (g_V ^mfmAm| H$s OZZr) h & EH$ AmMÒZH$ H$Q>Z Wm,
naVw Hw$AmZ H$ar_ na {dMma H$aZo go kmV hAm {H$ `h H$Q>Z Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ H$s {ejm Ho$ {~Hw$b AZwHy$b Wm, `m|{H$ Abmmh VAmbm H$m dh
H$bm_ Omo g_V ggma H$s Amoa CVaZm Wm Cgr ^mfm _| CVaZm
Mm{hE Wm Omo g~ go Ama{^H$ ^mfm hmoZo H$s pQ> go g_V ggma H$s
^mfm h & Ogm {H$ Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h (d_m AagZm {_Z agy{bZ Bbm
{~{bgmZo H$m{_hr) h_ H$moB agyb Zht ôOVo, naVw Cgr ^mfm _| Cg
na {H$Vm~ CVmaVo h Omo CZ bmoJm| H$s ^mfm hmoVr h {OZ H$s Amoa
Cgo ôOm J`m & AV: agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Omo
g_V ggma H$s Amoa ôOo JE, Vmo Amn (g.A.d.) H$s Amoa Cgr ^mfm
_| H$bm_ CVaZm Mm{hE Wm Omo "C_wb Ab{gZm' hmoZo Ho$ H$maU g_V
ggma H$s ^mfm H$hbm gHo$ Ama My{H$ Amn na Aa~r ^mfm _| H$bm_
CVam h Bg{bE Aa~r ^mfm hr C_wb Ab{gZm h &
Amn(A) Zo Bg H$Q>Z Ho$ _mU _| Abmh VAmbm go kmZ nmH$a
Eogo {Z`_ {bIo {OZ go H$me_mZ {XZ H$s ^m{V {g H$a {X`m {H$
dmVd _| Aa~r ^mfm hr "C_wb Ab{gZm' Ama Bhm_r ^mfm h Ama
234
eof H$moB ^mfm C_wb Ab{gZm H$hbmZo H$s nm Zht & Amn Zo Bg
ImoO Ho$ g~Y _| EH$ {H$Vm~ ^r {bIZm Mmhr Omo IoX {H$ AnyU ah
JB, naVw AmnZo Cg_| {Z`_m| Ho$ AmYma dUZ H$a {XE {OZ H$mo
gm[aV H$aHo$ Bg ~mV H$mo ggma Ho$ _pVH$ _| ~R>m`m Om gH$Vm h &
Abmh VAmbm Zo Mmhm Vmo _oar BN>m h CZ {Z`_m| Ho$ AVJV Omo
AmnZo Vm{dV {H$E h Ama Cg kmZ Ho$ AZwgma Omo AmnZo Bg {H$Vm~
_| JwV aIm h EH$ {H$Vm~ {bIy {Og _| {dVmnydH$ Amn Ho$ dUZ
{H$E hE Xmdo H$mo {g H$$ Ama `yamon dmbm| Ho$ V`ma {H$E hE
"B_wpbgmZ' (^mfm H$m kmZ) go Omo Bg Xmdo H$m g_WZ hmoVm h dh
^r dUZ H$$ Ama Ohm `yamon dmbm| Zo R>moH$a ImB h Cgo ^r Imob X &
(Zht h gm_` naVw Abmh H$s Amoa go) `h ImoO Aa~r ^mfm Ho$
AZwgma EH$ Eogr A{Vr` ImoO h {H$ ggma Ho$ pQ>-H$moU H$mo Bbm_
Ho$ AZwHy$b {~Hw$b n[ad{VV H$a XoJr VWm Bg go Bbm_ H$mo A`V
{VR>m mV hmoJr &
BZ `j kmZm| Ho$ A{V[aV Omo AmnH$mo {XE JE AmV[aH$ kmZ
Omo Z{~`m| H$m {dagm (nVH$ gn{m) h do ^r Amn H$mo XmZ {H$E JE
Ama CZ kmZm| Ho$ _wH$m~bo go g~ ew Ag_W aho Ama H$moB `pV Amn
H$m _wH$m~bm Z H$a gH$m Ogm {H$ _Zo nhbo CboI {H$`m h Amn H$moB
ZdrZ earAV boH$a Z AmE Wo A{nVw nydH$mbrZ ^{d`dm{U`m| Ho$
AVJV AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ Y_ H$s godm Ama
Mma Ho$ {bE AdV[aV hE Wo VWm Hw$AmZr kmZm| H$m gma Ama {ejm
XoZm AmnH$m H$m` Wm & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ nMmV A~ H$moB ZdrZ kmZ
Ama {ejm AmH$me go Zht CVa gH$Vr & g_V kmZ CgHo$ AXa h
Ama agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV H$moB Z`m
{ejH$ Zht Am gH$Vm, Omo `pV AmEJm Amn Ho$ {gImE hE kmZm| H$m
ZdrZrH$aU H$aZo dmbm hr hmoJm VWm Cht H$mo nwZ: VmOm H$aoJm & Ogm
{H$ hOaV _grh _mD$X(A) H$m EH$ Bhm_ h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(Hw$bmo ~aH${VZ {__wh_{XZ gbbmhmo Abho d gb_m
235
Xm'dVwb A_ra
\$V~maH$m _Z Ab_m d VAb_m) òH$ ~aH$V _wh_X
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go AmVr h & AV: _w~maH$ h dh {OgZo
{gIm`m AWmV AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ama _w~maH$ h dh
{Og Zo grIm AWmV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ &
AV: kmZ My{H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ na g_mV hmo JE Ama Omo _m_ya
AmEJo CZH$mo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ {deof kmZ hr {gImE OmEJo Z {H$ H$moB
ZdrZ kmZ VWm CZH$s gMmB H$m `hr {ZemZ hmoJm {H$ CZH$mo Abmh
VAmbm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m {demb kmZ XmZ H$ao, Omo {g H$aZo dmbm|
Ogm Z hmo A{nVw wXm H$s {deofVmAm| H$m kmZ hmo, VWm Am`mp_H$
Vam| H$m kmZ hmo Ama ho ~mXemh ! h_ XoIVo h {H$ hOaV AH$Xg
_grh _mD$X(A) H$mo Abmh VAmbm Zo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ kmZm| go Eogr
~hbVm Ho$ gmW ^mJ {X`m h {H$ `{X `m| H$h| {H$ Amn Ho$ g_` _|
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Xmo~mam CVam h Vmo `h H$moB A{V`mopV Z hmoJr A{nVw
{~Hw$b g` hmoJm Ama agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$
H$WZmZwgma hmoJm, `m|{H$ Amn (g.A.d.) go ^r EH$ [adm`V h {H$ (bm
H$mZbHw$AmZmo
_wAbH$Z {~gwa`m bZmbh aOwbwZ {_Z \$mag) {H$ `{X Hw$AmZ
CS>H$a gwa`m Zj na Mbm OmE Vmo \$magr de H$m EH$ `pV CgH$mo
dmng bo AmEJm &
gdW_ Vmo _ Hw$AmZ Ho$ kmZ Ho$ Cg ^mJ H$m dUZ H$aVm h {Og
Zo gmpVH$ $n _| Bbm_ H$s Eogr ghm`Vm H$s Ama {d{^Z Y_m] H$s
VwbZm _| Bbm_ H$s emZ H$mo Bg H$ma n[ad{VV H$a {X`m {H$ {dO`r
nam{OV hmo J`m Ama ^wdembr A^wdembr & AWmV Hw$AmZ H$ar_
Omo Bg go nyd EH$ {ZOud {H$Vm~ g_Pr OmVr Wr EH$ Or{dV
{H$Vm~ ~Z JB VWm Cg H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo XoI H$a CgHo$ {damoYr
K~amH$a ^mJ JE &
hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X(A) Ho$ AmZo go nyd gm_m`V`m _wgb_mZm|
H$m `h {dMma Wm {H$ Hw$AmZ Ho$ Am`m_ kmZ Omo ~wOwJm] Zo dUZ {H$E
h do AnZr Ma_ gr_m H$mo nhM JE h Ama A~ CZ go A{YH$ Ama
Hw$N> dUZ Zht hmo gH$Vm A{nVw Ama {Okmgm H$aZm `W Ama Y_ Ho$
236
{bE hm{ZH$maH$ h & Abmh VAmbm Zo hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$mo `h kmZ
{X`m {H$ {Og H$ma Abmh VAmbm H$s ^m{VH$ Cn{m AnZo AXa
Agr{_V ah` aIVr h Bgr H$ma Abmh VAmbm H$m H$bm_ ^r
Agr{_V AW Ama Am`m_ kmZ aIVm h & `{X EH$ _Ir Omo Abmh
VAmbm H$s gpQ> _| go A`V VwN> Va aIVr h & òH$ `wJ _|
AnZr JwV epV`m| H$mo H$Q> H$aVr h VWm CgH$s ~ZmdQ> Ho$ ah`m|
Ama CgH$s {d{eQ>VmAm| H$s {dembVm Ama CgHo$ d^md Ho$ {ddaU H$m
kmZ A{YH$ go A{YH$ hmoVm OmVm h, N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o nmYm| Ama Kmg H$r
ZdrZ go ZdrZ {d{eQ>VmE Ama ^md kmV hmoVo OmVo h, Vmo `m
H$maU h {H$ Abmh VAmbm H$m H$bm_ gr{_V hmo {H$ Hw$N> g_` VH$
Vmo bmoJ Cg go _Vb~ Ama kmZ mV H$a|, VnMmV dh Cg ImZ
H$s ^m{V hmo OmE {Og H$m ^S>ma g_mV hmo OmVm h & Abmh H$m
H$bm_ Vmo ^m{VH$ dVwAm| H$s VwbZm _| A{YH$ AWm] dmbm Ama {demb
Co`m| dmbm hmoZm Mm{hE & `{X ZdrZ go ZdrZ kmZ ggma _| {ZH$b
aho h, `{X XeZ em Ama {dkmZ VrdVm Ho$ gmW CZ{V H$aVo Mbo
OmVo h, `{X ^yJêm, nwamVd{dkmZ, eara aMZm {dkmZ, dZn{V
{dkmZ, Ord-{dkmZ, IJmob {dkmZ, amOZr{V em, AW em, `m`
em, _Zmo{dkmZ, Am`m_H$ kmZ, Zr{V em Ama Bgr H$ma Ho$
ZdrZ kmZ `m Vmo ZdrZ Ado{fV hmo aho h `m Chm|Zo nydH$mbrZ `wJ Ho$
kmZm| H$s VwbZm _| AmMÒZH$ CZ{V mV H$a br h Vmo `m Abmh
VAmbm H$m H$bm_ hr Eogm H$m hAm nmZr hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ dh Cgr
na {dMma H$aZo dmbm| H$mo VmOm kmZ Ama ZdrZ AW Z Xo gHo$ Ama
gH$S>m| dfm] VH$ dht H$m dht pWa aho &
Bg g_` {OVZm AY_ Ama wXm VAmbm VWm earAV go Xar
{XImB XoVr h dh BZ kmZm| Ho$ grYo `m namoj ^md H$m hr n[aUm_
h & AV: `{X Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Abmh VAmbm H$m H$bm_ h Vmo Mm{hE Wm
{H$ BZ ZdrZ {dmAm| H$m Am{dH$ma `m {dembVm Ho$ gmW Bg_| go ^r
Eogo Am`m_ kmZ H$Q> hm| Omo `m Vmo BZ {dmAm| Ho$ Xmofm| H$mo H$Q>
H$a| Ama g~yVm| Ho$ gmW _Zw` H$mo gmdZm X| `m `h ~VmE {H$ Omo
gXoh CnZ {H$`m OmVm h dh dmVd _| CnZ hr Zht hmoVm A{nVw
Xm'dVwb A_ra
237
Xm'dVwb A_ra
_m {dMma H$s H$_r H$m n[aUm_ h &
Bg _yb H$mo Wm{nV H$aHo$ AmnZo g~yVm| mam `h {g {H$`m {H$
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| Bg `wJ H$s CZ{V Ama g_V n[apW{V`m| H$s MMm
{d_mZ h A{nVw Bg `wJ Ho$ Hw$N> ^mJm| VH$ H$s MMm h, naVw nhbo
_wgb_mZ My{H$ Bg `wJ _| CnZ Zht hE Wo do BZ gHo$Vm| H$mo Zht
g_P gHo$ Ama CZ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo b` na M[aVmW H$aVo aho &
CXmhaUV`m gyah "Amdra' _| Bg `wJ Ho$ ~hV go {ZemZm| H$s
MMm h, Ogo-
(1) BOegmo Hw$pdaV (2) d BOZwOy_wH$XaV (3) d BOb

{O~mbmo gwpàV (4) d BOb Bemamo C{mbV (5) d BOb dwhemo
h[eaV (6) d BOb {~hmamo gwpOaV (7) d BOZw\y$gmo OwpdOV
(8) d BOb _mD$XVmo gwBbV (9) {~Aò Op~Z Hw${VbV (10) d
BOgwh\$mo Zw{eaV (11) d BOg_mAmo Hw${eVV (12) d BOb
Ohr_mo gwBaV (13) d BOb OZVmo CO{b\$V &
AWmV (1) O~ gy` H$mo bnoQ>m OmEJm (2) Zj YwYbm OmEJo
(3) "d BOb {O~mbmo gwpàV' Ama O~ ndV AnZo WmZ go hQ>mE
OmEJo AWmV Eogo gmYZ {ZH$b AmEJo {H$ CZHo$ _m`_ go ndVm| H$mo
H$mQ>m OmEJm VWm CZHo$ AXa {N> H$a {XE OmEJo (4) "d BOb
Bemamo C{mbV' Ama O~ Xg _mh H$s J{Ûr D$Q>{Z`m ~oH$ma N>moS> Xr
OmEJr AWmV Eogm g_` Am OmEJm {H$ ZdrZ gdm[a`m| Ho$ H$maU
D$Q>{Z`m| H$m dh _hd Z ahoJm Omo A~ h (5) "d BOb dwhemo
h[eaV' Ama O~ bmoJm| H$r Ym{_H$ kmZm| go AZ{^kVm hmoJr Ama do
OmZdam| Ho$ g_mZ hmo OmEJo Ama Bgr H$ma do H$m_| Omo nhbo OmZdam|
238
Ho$ g_mZ g_Pr OmVr Wt Ogo `yamon Ho$ ahZo dmbo {H$ AmO go N>: gmV
gm df nyd {Og g_` E{e`mB bmoJ A`V g` Ama g_wZV Wo ò
bmoJ ZJo {\$aVo Wo & ggma _| \$bm {XE OmEJo Ama ggma Ho$ emgZm|
na A{YH$ma mV H$a b|Jo Ama `h ^r {H$ Cg `wJ _| Hw$N> dher
(OJbr OmZdam| H$s ^m{V OrdZ `mnZ H$aZo dmbo) Om{V`m V~mh H$a
Xr OmEJr {H$ CZH$m Zm_ hr eof ah OmEJm & `h Aa~r ^mfm H$m
_whmdam h {H$ H$hVo h - h{eabdwhemo A` "ChbH$V' Eogm hr Bg `wJ
_| hAm h {H$ AmQ>o{b`m Ama A_arH$m Ho$ _yb {Zdmgr {H$ CZH$mo H$hVo
^r dher hr h eZ: eZ: Bgr H$ma V~mh H$a {XE JE h {H$ A~
CZ Om{V`m| H$m CZ_| {ZemZ VH$ CnbY Zht &
{\$a \$a_m`m {H$ (6) "d BOb {~hmamo gwpOaV' O~ X[a`mAm|
H$mo \$mS>m OmEJm AWmV CZ _| go Zha| {ZH$mbr OmEJr Ama (7) "d
BOZy\w$gmo OwpdOV' O~ bmoJ nana EH$ H$a {XE OmEJo AWmV
nana g~Ym| Ho$ Eogo gmYZ {ZH$b AmEJo {H$ Xa-Xa Ho$ bmoJ nana
{_bm {XE OmEJo & Ogo Q>obr\$moZ H$m gmYZ h {H$ ghm| _rb Xa Ho$
bmoJm| H$mo nana {_bm H$a ~mV| H$am XoVo h `m aob Ama Vma Ama S>mH$
Ho$ ~Y h {H$ Chm|Zo g_V ggma H$mo EH$ eha ~Zm {X`m h & (8)
"d BOb _mD$XVmo gwBbV {~Aò Op~Z Hw${VbV' Ama O~ Or{dV
YaVr _| JmT>r hB bS>{H$`m| `m p`m| go nyN>m OmEJm AWmV Ym{_H$ Vma
na _Zw` H$m Or{dV JmT> XoZm Mmho dY hmo naVw gaH$mar H$mZyZ Bg
H$s AZw_{V Zht X|Jo Ama Ho$db Ym{_H$ dYVm H$m \$dm VwV H$a XoZm
drH$ma Zht {H$`m OmEJm Ogm {H$ Bg `wJ go nyd `wJm| _| hmoVm Mbm
Am`m h & d BOgwh\$mo Zw{eaV Ama O~ {H$ {H$Vm~| Ama A~ma Ama
n{H$mE gm[aV H$s OmEJr, Ogm {H$ AmOH$b h {H$ g_mMma n Ama
{H$Vm~m| Ho$ ~mh` H$mo XoIH$a _Zw` H$s ~w{ VY ah OmVr h (11)
"d BOg_mAmo Hw${eVV' Ama O~ AmH$me H$m {N>H$m CVmam OmEJm,
AWmV AmH$mer` kmZm| H$m H$Q>Z hmoJm, IJmob {dm H$s CZ{V Ho$
_m`_ go ^r VWm Hw$AmZr kmZm| Ho$ H$Q>Z Ama H$m{eV hmoZo Ho$
_m`_ go ^r (12) "d BObOhr_mo gwBaV' Ama O~ ZH$ H$mo ^S>H$m
{X`m OmEJm, AWmV ZdrZ go ZdrZ kmZ Am{dH$V hm|Jo {OZHo$ H$maU
Xm'dVwb A_ra
239
Xm'dVwb A_ra
bmoJm| H$mo Y_ go KUm hmo OmEJr Ama X`m| go B_mZ {ZH$b OmEJm
VWm ^moJ-{dbmg Ho$ gm_mZm| H$s A{YH$Vm Ho$ H$maU ^r bmoJm| _| {dH$ma
CnZ hmo OmEJm & (13) "d BObOZVmo CO{b\$V' Ama O~ dJ
{ZH$Q> H$a {X`m OmEJm AWmV Cg `wJ _| Abmh VAmbm H$s H$nm ^r
Omoe _| AmEJr Ama dJ ^r {ZH$Q> H$a {X`m OmEJm AWmV O~ {dH$ma
Ama Cnd ~T> OmEJm Ama AY_ CZ{V H$a OmEJm, Cg g_` Abmh
VAmbm AnZr Amoa go Eogm gmYZ H$a XoJm {H$ bmoJm| Ho$ B_mZ VmOm hm|
VWm Y_ H$s {deofVm H$Q> hmo OmE VWm bmoJm| Ho$ {bE CZ H$m`m] H$m
H$aZm gab hmo OmE {OZHo$ H$aZo go dJ mpV hmoVr h &
A~ Amn {dMma H$aHo$ XoI b| {H$ `m ò g_V {ZemZ Bg `wJ Ho$
Zht h Ama `m `h g^d h {H$ BZ {ZemZm| H$mo b` `m {H$gr A` `wJ
na M[aVmW {H$`m OmE & Ho$db BOegmo Hw$pdaV Ama BOZwO_y w H$XaV Ho$
eXm| go YmoIm Im H$a `h {dMma H$a boZm {H$ ò ~mV| b` Ho$ g_` hm|Jr
H$~ C{MV hmo gH$Vm h O~{H$ CgH$s eof Am`Vm| H$m b` Ho$ gmW H$moB
g~Y kmV Zht hmoVm & b` Ho$ g_` Xg _mh H$s J{Ûr D$Q>{Z`m ^bm
`m| N>mSo > Xr OmEJr ? `{X H$hm OmE {H$ K~amH$a, Vmo BgH$m Cma `h h
{H$ D$Q>Zr H$s `m MMm, Cg g_` Vmo {nVm, _mVm, nw, nwr, nZr, ^mB~hZ g~ H$mo N>mSo > {X`m OmEJm & Eogo {ZH$Q>W g~Y {Og g_` Qy>Q> OmEJo
Cg g_` H$s MMm _| D$Q>Zr Ho$ N>mSo > XoZo H$s MMm `Wm-WmZ Zht ah
OmVr & Bgr H$ma Z CnZ hmoVm h {H$ "dher' `m| EH$ {H$E
OmEJo ? X[a`mAm| _| go Cg {XZ Zha| `m| {ZH$mbr OmEJr ? `m `h {H$
X[a`m nana `m| {_bmE OmEJo Ama YaVr _| Or{dV JmT>r JB bS>H$s Ho$
g~Y _| Cg g_` `m| Z {H$`m OmEJm ? H$_m] Ho$ g~Y _| Vmo gnyU
{dd H$s g_mpV Ho$ nMmV earam| H$mo EH$ H$aZo Ho$ {XZ nyN>-VmN> hmoJr
Z {H$ Cg g_` O~ {H$ ggma H$s `dWm AV-`V hmo ahr hmoJr &
Bgr H$ma BZ Am`Vm| Ho$ CnamV ^r Eogr ~mVm| H$s MMm h Omo {g H$a
ahr h {H$ Bgr ggma _| g~ Hw$N> hmoZo dmbm h Ogo
dbbo BOm AAgm dgw~ho BOm
VZ\ $gm Ama amV H$s gmJY O~ dh OmVr ahoJr Ama mV: H$s gmJY
O~ dh gmg boJr AWmV CX` hmoZo bJoJr Ama O~{H$ Ama^ _| BOegmo
240
Hw$pdaV Am MwH$m h & `{X Bg gyah _| b` H$s hr MMm hmo Vmo gy` Ho$
bnoQ>o OmZo Ho$ nMmV amV {H$g H$ma Mbr OmEJr Ama mV: {H$g H$ma
CX` hmoZo bJoJr & AV: BZ ~mVm| H$m Omo Bg gyah _| dUZ hB h b` Ho$
gmW Hw$N> ^r g~Y Zht & hm Bg `wJ H$s n[apW{V`m| Ho$ ò {~Hw$b AZwH$y b
h Ama Ogo Bg g_`m H$r nyar $n-aoIm BZ _| ItM Xr JB h & AV:
dmVd _| Bg `wJ H$s Iam{~`m| Ama ^m{VH$ VapH $`m| Ama nmnm| H$s
A{YH$Vm Ama {\$a Abmh VAmbm H$s H$nmAm| H$s Bg gyah _| gyMZm Xr JB
Wr {Ogo nT> H$a _mo{_Z H$m B_mZ VmOm hmoVm h Ama g~ gXho Ama ge`
Xa hmo OmVo h &
`h EH$ CXmhaU _Zo CZ gyMZmAm| H$m VwV {H$`m h Omo Bg `wJ
Ho$ g~Y _| Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| dUZ hB h, {OZH$mo hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo
d` dUZ {H$`m h `m {OZH$mo AmnHo$ ~VmE hE {gmV Ho$ AYrZ
AmnHo$ godH$m| Zo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go mV {H$`m h A`Wm Bg `wJ Ho$
{dH$ma Ama n[apW{V`m| H$s gyMZmE VWm CZHo$ CnMma Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _|
BVZr MwaVm Ho$ gmW dUZ hE h {H$ Ch| XoIH$a H$R>moa go H$R>moa ew
^r `h drH$ma {H$E {~Zm Zht ah gH$Vm {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Abmh H$s
{H$Vm~ h {Oggo ^yV, dV_mZ Ama ^{d` {H$gr `wJ H$s ^r
n[apW{V`m JwV Zht naVw CZHo$ dUZ H$aZo go _yb {df` ah OmEJm
Ama `h A`{YH$ b~m hmo OmEJm &
Xgam gmpVH$ kmZ Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| Amn H$mo XmZ
{H$`m J`m, `h h {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| H$moB Xmdm {~Zm g~yV dUZ Zht
{H$`m OmVm & Bg {gmV Ho$ Wm{nV H$aZo go CgHo$ kmZm| Ho$ AdofU
Ho$ {bE EH$ ZdrZ ma Iwb J`m h Ama O~ Cgo pQ> _| aIVo hE
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ na {dMma {H$`m J`m Vmo kmV hAm {H$ do ghm| ~mV|
Omo Bggo nyd ~Vma Xmdo Ho$ g_Pr OmVr Wt Ama CZH$m _mU `h
g_P {b`m J`m Wm {H$ wXm Zo H$hm h Bg{bE drH$ma H$a bmo, do
g~ AnZo g~yV AnZo gmW aIVr Wt & Bg ImoO H$m n[aUm_ `h hAm
{H$ _mZd d^md Zo Omo kmZm| H$s CZ{V Ho$ H$maU Bg ~bnydH$ emgZ
H$m OwAm CVma \|$H$Zo Ho$ {bE V`ma hmo ahm Wm ~m{H$ Vma na
gVwpQ> nmH$a A`V C_J Ama Cgmh go Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ ~VmE hE
Xm'dVwb A_ra
241
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{gmV go {bnQ> J`m Ama Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s ~mVm| H$mo _mZZo _| EH$
^ma _hgyg H$aZo H$s ~OmE EH$ \w$bVm mV hmoZo bJr Ama _hgyg
hmoZo bJm {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ EH$ (XmgVm Ho$) OwE H$s ^m{V h_mar JXZm|
_| Zht S>mbm J`m A{nVw EH$ n[a{MV nW-XeH$ H$s ^m{V h_mao gmW
{H$`m J`m h & Abmh VAmbm Ho$ ApVd Ho$ do epVembr _mU
AmnZo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go VwV {H$E {Oh| dV_mZ {dkmZ IpS>V Zht
H$a gH$Vm Ama {OZHo$ ^md go {e{jV ZmpVH$m| H$m EH$ dJ dmng
wXm H$s CnmgZm H$s Amoa Am ahm h &
Bgr H$ma AmnZo \$[aVm| na hmoZo dmbo Amamonm| Ho$ Cma Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ go {XE, Zw~wdV H$s Amd`H$Vm Ama Z{~`m| H$s gMmB Ho$ g~yV
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go dUZ {H$E, b` H$m _mU Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go VwV
{H$`m, ew^ H$_m] H$s Amd`H$Vm Ama CZ Ho$ bm^ Ama {Z{f ~mVm| Ho$
^`mZH$ n[aUm_ VWm CZgo ~MZo H$s Amd`H$Vm, ò g_V g_`mE
Ama BZHo$ A{V[aV A` ~hV go _m_bm| Ho$ g~Y _| Amn Zo Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ Ho$ hr dUZ {H$E hE ~m{H$ Ama H$mn{ZH$ g~yVm| mam {g
H$a {X`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ na AmYw{ZH$ kmZm| H$s ImoO H$m H$moB ~wam
^md Zht nS> gH$Vm, `m|{H$ AmnZo ~Vm`m {H$ `h g^d hr Zht {H$
Abmh VAmbm H$m H$_ Ama H$WZ EH$ Xgao Ho$ {dnarV hm| & Omo
H$bm_ CgHo$ {dnarV h dh CgH$m H$bm_ hr Zht Ama Omo Cg H$m
H$bm_ h dh CgHo$ H$_ Ho$ {dnarV Zht hmo gH$Vm &
BZ kmZm| Ho$ dUZ H$aZo H$m n[aUm_ `h hAm {H$ Bg g_` Ho$db
Amn hr H$s O_mAV h Omo EH$ Amoa Vmo AmYw{ZH$ kmZm| H$s mpV _|
nyU-$n go bJr hB h Ama Xgar Amoa amOZ{VH$ Amd`H$Vm `m deJV
of Ho$ H$maU Zht A{nVw gMo Vma na, AZwgaU Ho$ Vma na Zht
A{nVw ~w{_mm go, Bbm_ H$s dUZ H$s hB g_V AmWmAm| na
{ddmg aIVr h VWm CZH$s gMmB H$mo {g H$a gH$Vr h & eof
{OVZr O_mAV| h do BZ kmZm| go An[a{MV Ama AkmZ hmoZo H$maU `m
Vmo AmYw{ZH$ kmZm| H$mo PyR>m H$h H$a VWm CZH$s mpV H$mo Hw$\$ ~Vm
H$a AnZo H$mn{ZH$ B_mZ H$mo gwa{jV aIo hE h `m {\$a CZHo$ ^md
go ^m{dV hmoH$a Y_ H$mo `dhm[aH$ $n _| `mJ ~R>r h `m `j _|
242
bmoJm| Ho$ ^` go Bbm_ H$mo H$Q> H$aVr h naVw X` _| Bbm_r {ejm
Ho$ g~Y _| gm H$ma Ho$ gXoh Ama eH$mE aIVr h &
Vrgam gmpVH$ kmZ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| AmnH$mo `h {X`m
J`m h {H$ _mZd ~w{ Hw$AmZr {ejm Ho$ g~Y _| H$moB gXoh `m ^_
CnZ H$a bo CgH$m Cma Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ AXa CnbY h & AmnZo
Bg {df` H$mo Bg {dembVm go dUZ {H$`m h {H$ _mZd ~w{ VY ah
OmVr h & òH$ H$ma Ho$ ^_m| Ama gXohm| H$m Cma Amn Zo Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ go {X`m h Ama Bg H$ma Zht {H$ H$h {X`m hmo, {H$ Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ Bg {dMma H$m IS>Z H$aVm h Bg{bE `h {dMma IS>Zr` h
A{nVw Eogo g~yVm| mam Omo `{n {H$ dUZ Vmo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Zo {H$E h,
naVw h ~m{H$ Ama kmZg~Yr, {OZH$mo drH$ma H$aZo na òH$ Y_
Ama Om{V Ho$ bmoJ {dde h &
MmWm gmpVH$ kmZ Hw$AmZ Ho$ g~Y _| Amn(A) H$mo `h {X`m
J`m h {H$ Bg go nyd bmoJ gm_m`V`m `h Vmo dUZ H$aVo Wo {H$
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ g_V {H$Vm~m| go gdloR> h, naVw `h {H$gr Zo {g
Zht {H$`m Wm {H$ n{d {H$Vm~m| `m A` {H$Vm~m| na CgH$mo `m
loR>Vm mV h & {OgHo$ H$maU dh A{Vr` Ama AZwn_ h & Bg
{df` H$mo Amn Zo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ hr dUZ {H$E hE g~yVm| go BVZr
{dembVm go {g {H$`m h {H$ ghgm _Zw` H$m X` Hw$AmZ H$ar_ na
~{bXmZ hmoZm MmhVm h Ama _wh_Xagybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ na `mN>mda, {OZHo$ mam ò {ejm h_| mV hB &
nmMdm gmpVH$ kmZ Omo Amn(A) H$mo {X`m J`m h `h h {H$
Hw$AmZ ~h_wIr AW aIVm h BgHo$ H$B ah` h & BgH$mo {Og ~w{
Ama {Og `mo`Vm Ho$ `pV nT>| Bg_| CZH$s ~w{ Ama CZH$s `mo`Vm
Ho$ AZwgma gMr {ejm {d_mZ h & Ogo {H$ eX EH$ h naVw AW
AZoH$ h & `{X gmYmaU ~w{ dmbm `pV nT>o Vmo dh Cg_| Eogr
_moQ>r-_moQ>r {ejm XoIoJm {OgH$m drH$ma H$aZm Ama g_PZm CgHo$ {bE
Hw$N> ^r H${R>Z Z hmoJm Ama `{X _`_ Va Ho$ kmZ dmbm Cgo nT>oJm
Vmo dh AnZo kmZ Ho$ AZwgma Cg_| {df` nmEJm Ama `{X loR> Ama
CM Va Ho$ kmZ dmbm `pV Cgo nT>oJm Vmo dh AnZo Va Ho$ AZwgma
Xm'dVwb A_ra
243
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Cg_| kmZ nmEJm & AVEd `h Z hmoJm {H$ AnkmZ bmoJ Cg {H$Vm~
H$m g_PZm AnZr ~w{ Ho$ Va go CM nmE `m CM Va Ho$ kmZr
Cgo EH$ gmYmaU {H$Vm~ nmE Ama Cg_| AnZr {M Ama kmZ H$s
CZ{V H$m gm_mZ Z XoI| &
N>R>m gmpVH$ kmZ Amn(A) H$mo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| `h
{X`m J`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Am`m_ kmZ Ho$ A{V[aV CZ Amd`H$
^m{VH$ kmZm| H$m ^r dUZ H$aVm h {OZH$m kmZ _Zw` Ho$ {bE
Amd`H$ VWm CZ kmZm| H$m H$Q>Z `wJ H$s CZ{V Ho$ gmW {dH${gV
hmoVm OmVm h Vm{H$ òH$ `wJ Ho$ bmoJm| H$m B_mZ VmOm hmo &
gmVdm gmpVH$ kmZ Amn(A) H$mo `h {X`m J`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$s
`m`m (V\$gra) Ho$ g~Y _| Amn H$mo do {Z`_ g_PmE JE {H$ {Oh|
`mZ _| aIH$a `pV Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s `m`m _| JbVr go gwa{jV hmo
OmVm h VWm {OZ H$s ghm`Vm go _Zw` na ZdrZ go ZdrZ kmZm| H$m
H$Q>Z hmoVm h Ama òH$ ~ma Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m A``Z CgHo$ {bE
A{YH$ AmZX Ama hf H$m H$maU hmoVm h &
AmR>dm gmpVH$ kmZ Amn(A) H$mo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| `h
{X`m J`m {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go g_V Am`mp_H$ CWmZ Ho$ Va Amn
H$mo {gImE JE Ama Omo kmZ Bggo nyd Ho$ bmoJ AnZr ~w{ mam _mby_
H$a aho Wo Ama H$B ~ma JbVr H$a OmVo Wo CZHo$ g~Y _| Amn(A) H$mo
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go kmZ {X`m J`m Ama g_Pm`m J`m {H$ g_V
Am`mp_H$ n[apW{V`m {ZZ go boH$a CM VH$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Zo
H$_mZwgma dUZ H$s h {OZ na MbH$a _Zw` wXm VAmbm VH$ nhM
gH$Vm h Ama Cg Ho$ B_mZ $nr \$b ^r ImVm OmVm h & `h ~mV
nydH$mbrZ bmoJm| H$mo mV Z Wr, `m|{H$ do Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$s {d{^Z
Am`Vm| go Vmo {g H$aVo Wo naVw g_V Am`mp_H$ Va gm_y{hH$ Vma
na CZH$mo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go kmV Z Wo &
Zmdm gmpVH$ kmZ Amn(A) H$mo `h {X`m J`m {H$ gnyU
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ `m gyaV| Ama `m Am`V| g_V EH$ {deof H$_ Ho$
gmW CVam hAm h & BgH$m EH$-EH$ eX Ama EH$-EH$ dm` `WmWmZ aIm hAm h Ama Eogm CM Va H$m H$_ Cg_| nm`m OmVm h
244
{H$ A` {H$Vm~m| H$m H$_ CgH$s VwbZm _| {~Hw$b VwN> h, `m|{H$
A` {H$Vm~m| Ho$ H$_ _| Ho$db EH$ hr ~mV `mZ _| aIr OmVr h
{H$ C{MV {df` EH$ Ho$ ~mX EH$ Am OmE, naVw Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$
H$_ _| `h {deofVm h {H$ Bg_| {df`m| H$m H$_ Z Ho$db {df`m| H$s
pQ> go h A{nVw Eogr ebr go h {H$ {d{^Z pQ>H$moUm| go CgH$m
H$_ R>ham`m Om gH$Vm h AWmV `{X {d{^Z AWm] H$mo `mZ _| aIm
OmE Vmo òH$ AW H$s pQ> go CgHo$ AXa H$_ nm`m OmVm h, `h
Zht {H$ CgH$s EH$ `m`m H$a| Vmo H$_ Wm{nV aho Ama Xgar
`m`m H$a| Vmo H$_ _| Xmof Am OmE A{nVw {OVZo AW CgHo$ ghr
Ama `m`m Ho$ {Z`_mZwgma h CZ g~ H$mo `mZ _| aIm J`m h Ama
H$moB go ^r AW boH$a CgH$s `m`m Ama^ H$a Xmo CgHo$ H$_ _|
AVa Zht AmEJm & `h Eogr {deofVm h {H$ {H$gr _mZdr` dmUr _|
Zht nmB OmVr Ama Z nmB Om gH$Vr h &
Xgdm gmpVH$ kmZ Amn(A) H$mo `h {X`m J`m h {H$ Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ _| ew^ H$_m] (Zo{H$`m|) Ama XH$_m] (~{X`m|) Ho$ Va dUZ {H$E
JE h AWmV `h ~Vm`m J`m h {H$ H$mZ-H$mZ go ew^ H$_ go H$mZH$mZ go ew^ H$_ H$s oaUm {_bVr h Ama H$mZ-H$mZ go XH$_ go
H$mZ-H$mZ gm XH$_ O_ boVm h & Bg kmZ Ho$ _m`_ go _Zw`
Z{VH$Vm Ho$ gwYma _| _hmZ bm^ mV H$a gH$Vm h, `m|{H$ Bg
lIbm~ kmZ Ho$ _m`_ go dh ~hV gr Zo{H$`m| (ew^ H$_m]) H$mo mV
H$a gH$Vm h {Oh| dh nhbo ~mdOyX `mg Ho$ mV Zht H$a gH$Vm
Wm Ama ~hV go XH$_m] H$mo `mJ gH$Vm h {Oh| dh ~mdOyX A`{YH$
`mgm| Ho$ Zht `mJ gH$Vm Wm & AV: Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m `h _hmZ
M_H$ma Amn Zo ~Vm {X`m h {H$ CgZo _Zw` H$mo ew^ H$_m] Ama
XH$_m] Ho$ PaZo ~Vm {XE h Ohm nhM H$a dh AnZr `mg H$mo ~wPm
gH$Vm h `m {dZmeH$mar Vy\$mZ H$mo amoH$ gH$Vm h &
`mahdm gmpVH$ kmZ Amn(A) H$mo `h ~Vm`m J`m h {H$ gyah
"\$m{Vhm' Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g_V {df`m| H$m gma h Ama eof Hw$AmZ Ho$
{bE ~Vma _VZ ({H$Vm~ H$s _yb B~maV) h Ama g_V gmpVH$
g_`mE CgHo$ AXa dUZ H$s JB h & Amn Zo Bg gyah H$s ~S>r
Xm'dVwb A_ra
245
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{dVV Ama {demb `m`mE H$m{eV H$t Cg go Ama A`V
AmZX_`, B_mZ H$mo VmOm H$aZo dmbo boI boH$a {dV[aV {H$E & Bg
kmZ Ho$ _m`_ go AmnZo Bbm_ H$s gwajm-`dWm H$mo gab H$a {X`m,
`m|{H$ òH$ ~mV Omo {dVma _| go _Zw` H$s g_P _| Z AmE dh
Cg gy_ na `mZ XoH$a Cgo g_P gH$Vm h Ama Ho$db Bgr gyah H$mo
boH$a g_V ggma Ho$ Y_m] H$m _wH$m~bm H$a gH$Vm h Ama gnyU
Am`mp_H$ Vam| H$mo kmV H$a gH$Vm h &
ò Vmo Hw$N> CXmhaU _Zo gmpVH$ kmZm| Ho$ dUZ {H$E h BZHo$
A{V[aV ~mahdm kmZ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| Amn(A) H$mo {dVmanydH$ {X`m J`m h {OgHo$ AZwgma {d{^Z Am`Vm| Ho$ AZwdmX Ama CZHo$
_Am[a\$ (kmZ) AmnZo dUZ {H$E h VWm `wJ H$s Amd`H$VmAm| Ho$
AZwgma Omo {Xem-{ZX}e AmnZo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go mV {H$E h CZH$m `{X
dUZ {H$`m OmE Vmo BgHo$ {bE {H$Vm~m| H$s H$B {OX| Mm{hE & BZ
kmZm| Ho$ PaZm| Zo {g H$a {X`m h {H$ Amn(A) H$m Cg daXmZ Ho$
CXJ_ go {deof g~Y h, Ama Omo gdk h {Og Ho$ gX^ _| AmVm h
(dbm `yhrVyZm {~eBp_Z Bp_hr
Bbm {~_m emAm) `m|{H$ _Zw` H$s gm_` go {~Hw$b ~mha h {H$
dh Eogo kmZm| H$mo AnZr ~w{ mam kmV H$a gHo$ & Amn Ho$ ~VmE hE
kmZ Ama {Z`_m| Ho$ AZwgma O~ h_ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m A``Z H$aVo h
Vmo Bg Ho$ AXa kmZ Ho$ g_w bha| _maVo hE {XImB XoVo h {OZH$m
{H$Zmam {XImB Zht XoVm &
Amn(A) Zo Am`V
(bm `_gwh Bbb
_wVhh$Z) Ho$ {df` H$s Amoa `mZmH$fU H$am Ho$ AnZo {damo{Y`m| H$mo
~ma-~ma `mZ {Xbm`m {H$ `{X Amn bmoJm| Ho$ {dMmam| Ho$ AZwgma _
PyR>m h Vmo {\$a `m H$maU h {H$ Eogo gy_ go gy_ kmZ _wPo XmZ
{H$E OmVo h, VWm AnZo {damo{Y`m| H$mo ~ma-~ma _wH$m~bo H$m {Z_U
{X`m {H$ `{X Vw_ go H$moB {dmZ `m eI Abmh VAmbm go g~Y
aIVm h Vmo _oao _wH$m~bo na Hw$AmZ Ho$ kmZm| H$mo H$Q> H$ao Ama Eogo
{H$`m OmE {H$ EH$ WmZ na EH$ _`W ~Vma nMu Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m
H$moB ^mJ {ZH$mb H$a XmoZm| H$mo Xo VWm CgH$s `m`m AmYw{ZH$ kmZm|
246
H$mo pQ>JV aIVo hE XmoZm| {bI| {\$a XoIm OmE {H$ Abmh VAmbm
{H$g gX` H$s ghm`Vm H$aVm h, naVw ~mdOyX ~ma~ma nwH$maZo Ho$
H$moB _wH$m~bo na Z Am`m Ama AmVm ^r `m|H$a ? `m|{H$ Amn H$m
_wH$m~bm Vmo AbJ ahm, Hw$AmZ Ho$ kmZm| _| AmnHo$ godH$m| H$m ^r H$moB
gm_Zm Zht H$a gH$Vm & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Bg g_` Ogo h_mam hr h &
Bg boI Ho$ g_mV H$aZo go nyd _ Amn(A) H$s EH$ \$magr H${dVm
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ g~Y _| {bIVm h {Og_| Amn Zo Hw$AmZr kmZm| Ho$
g~Y _| bmoJm| H$m `mZmH$fU {H$`m h :Xm'dVwb A_ra
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
AZwdmX :- (1) Hw$AmZ Ho$ n{d H$me go H$me_mZ mV: H$m

CX` hmo J`m Ama X`m| H$s H$br na mV: H$s g_ra Mb nS>r &
(2) `h H$me Ama M_H$ Vmo Xmonha Ho$ gy` _| ^r Zht Ama `h
AmH$fU Ama gmX` Vmo {H$gr M_m _| ^r Zht &
(3) `ygw\$ Vmo Hw$E H$s Vh _| AHo$bm {Jam Wm naVw Bg `wgy\$ Zo
~hV go bmoJm| H$mo Hw$E _| go {ZH$mbm h &
(4) gMmB`m| Ho$ CXJ_ go ò gH$S>m| gMmB`m gmW bm`m h &
247
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$mo_b {hbmb (W_ VrZ amVm| H$m M) H$s H$_a CZ gMmB`m| go
PwH$ JB h &
(5) VwPo `m nVm {H$ CgHo$ kmZm| H$s dmV{dH$Vm {H$g emZ H$s
h ? dh AmH$mer` ehX h Omo wXm H$s dr go Q>nH$m h &
(6) dh g` H$m gy` O~ ggma na CX` hwAm Vmo amV Ho$ nwOmar
Cby AnZo H$moZm| _| Om Kwgo &
(7) ggma _| {H$gr H$mo {ddmg H$m _wI XoIZm mV Zht hmoVm
naVw Cgr `pV H$mo Omo Cg go o_ aIVm h &
(8) Ama Omo `pV CgH$m {dmZ ~Z J`m _mZmo dh Am`m_
kmZ H$m ^S>ma hmo J`m Ama {Og `pV Zo Cg {dmZ H$mo Zht XoIm
Cgo ggma H$s Hw$N> I~a hr Zht &
(9) X`mbw Abmh VAmbm H$s H$nm-dpQ> Eogo `pV H$s noedmB
H$mo AmVr h, X^mèmbr h dh `pV Omo Cggo {d_wI hmoH$a nbm`Z
H$a J`m &
(10) ~wamB H$s Amoa oaUm EH$ eVmZr d{m h _ Vmo Eogo `pV
H$mo ~ea (_mZd) OmZVm h Omo òH$ ~wamB go _wpV nmE &
(11) ho gmX` H$s ImZ _ OmZVm h {H$ Vy {H$g go g~Y
aIVr h Vy Vmo Cg wXm H$m H$me h {OgZo Bg gpQ> H$mo CnZ
{H$`m h &
(12) _oam PwH$md Vmo {H$gr H$s Amoa Z ahm, _oam {`V_ Vmo Ho$db
Vy hr h, `m|{H$ Cg `m`H$Vm wXm H$s Amoa go Voam H$me h_| nhM m
h &*
Xgdm g~yV
Amn H$s gMmB H$m Xgdm g~yV dh ^r dmVd _| gH$S>m| A{nVw
ghm| g~yVm| H$mo g_oQ>o hE h, `h h {H$ Amn H$mo Abmh VAmbm Zo
A`V ~hbVm go AnZo namoj (J~) na AdJV {H$`m Wm & AV: kmV
hAm {H$ Amn(A) wXm Ho$ nJ~a Wo & Abmh VAmbm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _|
* VwV AZwdmX, AZwdmXH$ mam {H$`m J`m h & AZwdmXH$ &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
248
\$a_mVm h (\$bm `wphamo

Abm J{~hr AhXZ Bbm _{ZVOm {_Z agy{bZ) AWmV dh namoj
(J~) na ~hbVm Ho$ gmW AdJV Zht H$amVm, naVw AnZo agybm| H$mo
(Aham Ab`ho H$m AW h CgH$mo Cg na ^wd {X`m)
AV: {Og `pV H$mo ~hbVm Ho$ gmW namoj Ho$ _m_bm| na gyMZm mV
hmo Ama Cg na dr dN> nmZr H$s ^m{V hmo, Omo òH$ H$ma H$s
JXJr go n{d hmo VWm H$me_mZ {ZemZ Cgo {XE OmE Ama _hdnyU
_m_bm| go g_` go nyd Cgo gy{MV {H$`m OmE dh Abmh H$m _m_ya h
Ama CgH$m BH$ma H$aZm Ogo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m BH$ma H$aZm h & {Og
Zo `h {Z`_ dUZ {H$`m h Ama g~ Z{~`m| H$m BH$ma H$aZm h {Ohm|Zo
AnZr gMmB Ho$ _mU _| h_oem Bg ~mV H$mo VwV {H$`m h & AV:
~mB~b _| ^r AmVm h {H$ PyR>o Z~r H$s {ZemZr h {H$ Omo ~mV dh
Abmh H$s Amoa go H$ho dh nyar Z hmo & 253
Bg _mnXS> Ho$ AVJV O~ h_ hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X
Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Ho$ Xmdo H$mo XoIVo h Vmo Amn H$s gMmB Eogo
{XZ H$s ^m{V {XImB XoVr h {Og H$m gy` ga na hmo & Amn na
Abmh VAmbm Zo Bg ~hbVm Ama {ZaVaVm Ho$ gmW namoj H$s I~a|
H$Q> H$s {H$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ A{V[aV A`
{H$gr Z~r H$s ^{d`dm{U`m| _| CgH$m CXmhaU Zht {_bVm A{nVw g`
`h h {H$ CZH$s g`m BVZr A{YH$ h {H$ `{X CZH$mo {dV[aV {H$`m
OmE Vmo CZgo H$B Z{~`m| H$s Zw~wdV {g hmo OmE & _ CZ namoj H$s
I~am| _| go ~mah H$mo CXmhaU d$n VwV H$aVm h &
ò ^{d`dm{U`m Omo Amn(A) Zo H$t ~r{g`m| H$ma H$s Wt & Hw$N>
amOZ{VH$ _m_bm| go g~{YV Wt, Hw$N> gm_y{hH$ _m_bm| go g~{YV, Hw$N>
AmH$mer` n[adVZm| Ho$ g~Y _|, Hw$N> Ym{_H$ _m_bm| Ho$ g~Y _|, Hw$N>
_mZ{gH$ `mo`VmAm| Ho$ g~Y _|, Hw$N> AZwdm{eH$ (Zbr) CZ{V `m de
Ho$ g_mV hmoZo Ho$ g~Y _|, Hw$N> AnZr CZ{V Ho$ g~Y _|, Hw$N> ^{d`
_| ggma H$s n[apW{V`m| Ho$ g~Y _| Wt & AVEd {d{^Z H$ma H$r
g_`mAm| go g~{YV Wt {H$ CZHo$ H$ma hr EH$ b~r gyMr _| dUZ
{H$E Om gH$Vo h &
249
Xm'dVwb A_ra
A~ _ ZrMo AmnH$s ~mah ^{d`dm{U`m Omo nyar hmo MwH$s h H$m
dUZ H$aVm h Ama gdW_ Cg ^{d`dmUr H$s MMm H$aVm h Omo
A\$Jm{ZVmZ hr Ho$ gmW g~Y aIVr h &
nhbr ^{d`dmUr
gm{h~OmXm AXb bVr\$ ehrX VWm _mbdr AXah_mZ
gm{h~ ehrX H$s ehmXV Ama CgHo$ ~mX H$s KQ>ZmAm| Ho$
g~Y _|
ho ~mXemh ! Abmh VAmbm Amn H$mo AnZr gwajm Ama empV _|
aIo Ama CZ Jb{V`m| Ho$ Xn[aUm_m| go gwa{jV aIo {OZHo$ H$aZo _|
Amn H$m H$moB hVjon Z Wm & AmO go Mmbrg df nyd hOaV AH$Xg
_grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$mo Bhm_ _| ~Vm`m J`m Wm {H$
(emVmZo VwO~hmZo d Hw$bmo _Z Abhm
\$m{ZZ) AWmV Xmo ~H$ao {O~h (Amb^Z) {H$E OmEJo Ama òH$ Omo
Bg ndr na {Zdmg H$aVm h g_mV hmo OmEJm & dZ\$b-kmZ Ho$
(emV) H$s Xmo H$nZmE hmo gH$Vr h & EH$ Vmo p`m
AZwgma
Ama Xgao A`V AmkmH$mar Ama \$a_m~aXma Om & My{H$ p`m| Ho$
AWm] Ho$ gmW AJbo eX H$m H$moB g~Y kmV Zht hmoVm, `m|{H$ p`m|
H$m {Oh (Amb^Z) hmoZo go H$_ hr g~Y hmoVm h & A{YH$Va mU
XoZo dmbo nwf hr hmoVo h & Bg{bE m`: H$nZm Ho$ AZwgma `hr AW
hmo gH$Vo h {H$ Xmo `pV Omo AnZo ~mXemh Ho$ A`V AmkmH$mar Ama
\$a_m~aXma hm|Jo, ~mdOyX BgHo$ {H$ Chm|Zo AnZo ~mXemh H$m H$moB
AnamY Z {H$`m hmoJm VWm CgH$m H$moB H$mZyZ ^J Z {H$`m hmoJm VWm
H$b Ho$ XS> Ho$ nm Z hm|Jo H$b {H$E OmEJo, VnMmV Cg Xoe na
EH$ gm_m` {dZme AmEJm VWm {dZme Cg_| S>oam S>mb boJm &
Bg ^{d`dmUr _| `{n Xoe B`m{X H$m H$moB bjU Zht {X`m J`m
Wm naVw CgHo$ eXm| go `h Ad` {d{XV hmoVm Wm {H$ W_ Vmo `h
KQ>Zm AJoOr jo _| Zht hmoJr A{nVw {H$gr Eogo Xoe _| hmoJr Ohm
gm_m` H$mZyZ H$m AmkmH$mar hmoVo hE ^r bmoJm| Ho$ H$moY Ama AmH$moe
250
Ho$ n[aUm_ d$n _Zw` H$b {H$E Om gH$Vo h & {Vr` `h {H$ ò
H$b {H$E JE bmoJ, Bhm_ {H$E JE `pV Ho$ AZw`m{``m| _| go hm|Jo,
`m|{H$ `{X Eogm Z hmo Vmo {\$a CgH$mo Ho$db Xmo H$b {H$E OmZo dmbm|
Ho$ g~Y _| gyMZm XoZo H$m H$moB H$maU Z Wm & VVr` `h ~mV {d{XV
hB {H$ dh H$b AZw{MV hmoJm, {H$gr amOZ{VH$ AnamY go g~{YV Z
hmoJm & MVwW `h {H$ Bg AZw{MV H$m` Ho$ {V\$b d$n Cg Xoe na
EH$ gm_m` {dZme AmEJm &
ò Mmam| ~mV| {_b H$a ho ~mXemh ! Bg ^{d`dmUr H$mo gmYmaU
^{d`dm{U`m| go A{YH$ D$Mm H$a XoVr h Ama H$moB Zht H$h gH$Vm {H$
My{H$ Bg_| Xoe H$m {ZYmaU Zht Bg{bE `h ^{d`dmUr g{XY h &
BZ Mmam| ~mVm| H$m gm_y{hH$ Vma na nyU hmoZm ^{d`dmUr H$s loR>Vm
H$mo {g H$aVm h `m|{H$ ò Mmam| ~mV| g`moJde EH$ Zht hmo gH$Vt &
Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ nMmV bJ^J ~rg df VH$ H$moB Eogo bjU
{XImB Zht {XE {OZ go `h ^{d`dmUr nyU hmoVr _mby_ hmo, naVw
O~ {H$ bJ^J ~rg df Bg Bhm_ na `VrV hmo JE Vmo Eogr
n[apW{V`m CnZ hmoZo bJt {Ohm|Zo Bg ^{d`dmUr H$mo AmMÒZH$
Vma na nyU H$a {X`m & g`moJ Eogm hAm {H$ hOaV AH$Xg _grh
_mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$s Hw$N> {H$Vm~| H$moB `pV A\$Jm{ZVmZ
bo J`m Ama dhm moV Ho$ EH$ {dmZ g`X AXb bVr\$ gm{h~ H$mo
Omo A\$Jm{ZVmZ H$s gaH$ma _| g_mZ H$s pQ> go XoIo OmVo Wo Ama
~S>o-~S>o A{YH$mar CZ H$m g`_ Ama B_mZXmar XoI H$a CZ go {ZR>m
aIVo Wo do {H$Vm~| Xt & AmnZo CZ {H$Vm~m| H$mo nT>H$a `h {ZU` H$a
{b`m {H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) gMo h VWm AnZo EH$ {e` H$mo Ama
A{YH$ N>mZ-~rZ Ho$ {bE ôOm Ama gmW hr AZw_{V Xr {H$ dh CZH$s
Amoa go ~AV ^r H$a AmE & Bg {e` H$m Zm_ _mbdr AXah_mZ
Wm & Chm|Zo H$m{X`mZ AmH$a d` ^r ~AV H$s Ama _mbdr AXb
bVr\$ gm{h~ H$s Amoa go ^r ~AV H$s Ama {\$a hOaV AH$Xg _grh
_mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$s {H$Vm~| boH$a dmng A\$Jm{ZVmZ Mbo
JE Ama BamXm {H$`m {H$ nhbo H$m~wb OmE Vm{H$ dhm AnZo ~mXemh
VH$ ^r {Z_U (Xm'dV) H$mo nhMm X| &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
251
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CZHo$ H$m~wb nhMZo na Hw$N> An~w{ gaH$ma {damo{Y`m| Zo A_ra
AXah_mZ gm{h~ H$mo CZHo$ {d ^S>H$m`m Ama H$hm {H$ `h `pV
_waVX (Y_ go {d_wI) Ama Bbm_ go ~mha h Ama H$b `mo` h Ama
Ch| YmoIm XoH$a CZHo$ H$b H$m \$dm mV {H$`m Ama A`V A`mMma
H$aVo hE Ch| H$b H$a {X`m & dh Omo AnZo ~mXemh go BVZm o_
H$aVm Wm {H$ nyd BgHo$ {H$ AnZo jo _| OmVm nhbo AnZo ~mXemh Ho$
nmg `h ew^ gXoe boH$a nhMm {H$ wXm H$m _grh Ama _hXr Am J`m
h & CgHo$ o_ Ama AZwamJ H$m CgH$mo `h {V\$b {X`m J`m {H$
CgH$s JXZ _| H$nS>m S>mb H$a gmg ~X H$aHo$ ehrX H$a {X`m J`m,
naVw Bg KQ>Zm _| AbmhVAmbm H$m hmW Wm, CgZo bJ^J ~rg df
nyd Om _| go Xmo d\$mXma gX`m| H$s {~Zm {H$gr H$mZyZ Ho$ CbKZ Ho$
H$b {H$E OmZo H$s gyMZm Xo Xr Wr VWm Bg gyMZm H$mo nyU hmoH$a
ahZm Wm & AV: Bg H$b mam BZ Xmo `pV`m| _| go {OZHo$ H$b H$s
gyMZm Xr JB Wr, EH$ H$b hmo J`m &
Bg KQ>Zm Ho$ EH$-Xmo df nMmV gm{h~OmXm AXb bVr\$ gm{h~
ehrX ~Vwbmh Ho$ hO Ho$ BamXo go AnZo Xoe go admZm hE, My{H$ hOaV
AH$Xg(A) H$s ~AV Vmo H$a hr MwHo$ Wo, BamXm {H$`m {H$ OmVo g_`
Amn(A) go ^r {_bVo OmE & AV: Bg BamXo go H$m{X`mZ nYmao, naVw
`hm AmH$a Bg go nyd Omo {H$Vm~m| Ho$ _m`_ go g_Pm Wm ~hV Hw$N>
A{YH$ XoIm Ama X` H$s dN>Vm Ho$ H$maU wXm Ho$ Zya H$s Amoa Eogo
AmH${fV {H$E JE {H$ hO Ho$ BamXo H$mo W{JV H$a {X`m Ama H$m{X`mZ
hr ah JE & Hw$N> _mh nMmV Xoe dmng Mbo JE Ama {ZM` H$a
{b`m {H$ AnZo ~mXemh H$mo ^r Bg Zo_V _| ^mJrXma ~ZmD$ Omo _wPo
mV hB h Ama moV nhMVo hr Mma n H$m~wb Ho$ Mma Xa~m[a`m| Ho$
Zm_ {bIo & CZ nm| Ho$ H$m~wb nhMZo na OZm~ Ho$ {nVm lr A_ra
h~r~wbmh mZ gm{h~ 255 H$m~wb emgZ Ho$ Cmam{YH$mar H$mo bmoJm| Zo
^S>H$m`m Ama ^m{V-^m{V Ho$ PyR>o Amamon bJm H$a CZH$mo Bg ~mV na
V`ma H$a {X`m {H$ CZH$mo nH$S>dm H$a H$m~wb ~wbm b| & moV Ho$
JdZa Ho$ Zm_ AmXoe {H$`m Ama gm{h~OmXm AXbbVr\$(a{O.) H$m~wb _|
CnpWV {H$E JE & A_ra gm{h~ Zo Amn H$mo _wbmAm| Ho$ gwnwX {H$`m,
252
{Ohm|Zo Amn H$m H$moB Xmof {g Z nm`m, naVw Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo {Oh|
emgZ Ho$ {hV H$s VwbZm _| AnZr `pVJV BN>mAm| H$m nyam H$aZm
A{YH$ _hdnyU hmoVm h & A_ra h~r~wbmh ImZ H$mo ^S>H$m`m {H$ `{X
`h `pV N>moS> {X`m J`m Ama bmoJm| Zo BgH$m ^md drH$ma H$a {b`m
Vmo bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _| {OhmX H$s C_J R>S>r nS> OmEJr Ama emgZ H$mo
hm{Z nhMoJr & AVV: CZHo$ gJgma (nWam| go _maZm) H$aZo H$m \$dm
Xo {X`m J`m & A_ra h~r~wbmh ImZ gm{h~ Zo AnZo {ZH$Q> CZ H$m
{hV g_P H$a Ch| H$B ~ma Vm~m H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm, naVw Chm|Zo
`hr Cma {X`m {H$ _ Vmo Bbm_ na h Vm~m H$aHo$ `m H$m{\$a hmo
OmD$, _ {H$gr H$ma ^r Cg g` H$mo Zht `mJ gH$Vm {Ogo _Zo
gmoM-g_P H$a drH$ma {H$`m h & O~ CZHo$ AnZo pQ>H$moU go hQ>Zo go
{~Hw$b {Zamem hmo JB Vmo EH$ ~S>o g_yh Ho$ g_j Ch| eha go ~mha
bo OmH$a gJgma (nWam| mam _ma H$a dY H$aZm) H$a {X`m &
`h d\$mXma AnZo ~mXemh H$m mU `mN>mda H$aZo dmbm Hw$N> dmWu
Ama _Vb~ naV fS>` H$m[a`m| Ho$ fS>` H$m {eH$ma hAm VWm ChmZo
A_ra gm{h~ H$mo YmoIm {X`m {H$ CgH$m Or{dV ahZm Xoe Ho$ {hV _| Z
hmoJm & hmbm{H$ ò bmoJ Xoe Ho$ {bE EH$ eaU hmoVo h Ama wXm CZ Ho$
mam Xoe H$s {dn{m`m Q>mb XoVm h & Chm|Zo ~mXemh Ho$ gm_Zo `h ~mV
VwV H$s {H$ `{X `h `pV Or{dV ahm Vmo bmoJ {OhmX Ho$ {dMma _|
gwV hmo OmEJ,o naVw `h VwV Zht {H$`m {H$ `h `pV {Og {gb{gbo
_| h CgH$s `h ^r {ejm h {H$ {Og gaH$ma Ho$ AYrZ ahmo CgH$m nyU
AmkmnmbZ H$amo & AV: CgH$s ~mVm| Ho$ H$m{eV H$aZo go A\$Jm{ZVmZ
H$s Kaoby nana bS>mB`m Ama Amng Ho$ _VôX Xa hmoH$a g_V Xoe AnZo
~mXemh H$m gMm mUm| H$m ~{bXmZ XoZo dmbm hmo OmEJm, Ohm CgH$m
ngrZm ~hoJm dhm AnZo aV ~hmZo Ho$ {bE V`ma hmoJm, Ama `h Z
~Vm`m {H$ {Og {gb{gbo go `h g~Y aIVm h CgH$s {ejm `h h {H$
JwV fS>` Z H$amo, [adV| Z bmo, PyR> Z ~mobmo, _wZm{\$H$V (`_wIr
hmoZm) Z H$amo, Ama Z Ho$db {ejm Xr OmVr h A{nVw CgH$s nm~Xr ^r
H$amB OmVr h & AV: `{X CgHo$ {dMmam| H$mo H$m{eV {H$`m J`m Vmo EH$
nb _| Xoe H$s pW{V gwYa H$a òH$ H$ma Ho$ {dH$mg Ama^ hmo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
253
Xm'dVwb A_ra
OmEJo & Bgr H$ma Chm|Zo `h Z ~Vm`m {H$ `h Cg {OhmX H$m BH$mar
h {H$ A` Om{V`m| na CZH$s Amoa go {~Zm {H$gr Ym{_H$ hVjon Ho$
AmH$_U {H$`m OmE VWm Bbm_ H$mo ~XZm_ {H$`m OmE, Z {H$ Cg
dmV{dH$ gwajm_H$ {OhmX H$m Omo d` agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Zo {H$`m Ama Z CZ amOZ{VH$ `wm| H$m Omo EH$ Om{V AnZo
ApVd H$mo Wm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE A` Om{V`m| go H$aVr h & CgH$s Vmo
Ho$db `h AmWm h {H$ {~Zm BgHo$ {H$ A` Om{V`m| H$s Amoa go Ym{_H$
hVjon hmo CZHo$ gmW {OhmX Ho$ Zm_ na `w Zht H$aZm Mm{hE Vm{H$
Bbm_ na Amamon Z AmE & amOZ{VH$ {hVm| H$s gwajm Ho$ {bE `{X `wXY
H$s Amd`H$Vm nS>o Vmo {ZgXoh `w H$a|, naVw Bg H$m Zm_ {OhmX Z
aI|, `m|{H$ dh {dO` {OgHo$ {bE Bbm_ H$s {g{ H$mo ~{bXmZ {H$`m
OmE, Cg namO` go A{YH$ ~war h {Og_| Bbm_ Ho$ g_mZ H$mo gwa{jV
H$a {b`m J`m hmo &
AVEd A_ra h~r~wbmh mZ gm{h~ H$mo AH$maU Ama JbV
KQ>ZmE ~Vm H$a g`X AXb bVr\$ gm{h~ H$mo ehrX H$am {X`m J`m &
Bg H$ma Bhm_ H$m nhbm ^mJ nyU$noU nyU hmo J`m {H$
(emVmZo VwO~hmZo) & Bg O_mAV Ho$ Xmo A`V d\$mXma Ama AmkmH$ma
`pV ~mdOyX g_` Ho$ ~mXemh Ho$ ha Vah go AmkmH$ar hmoZo Ho$ {Oh
H$a {XE OmEJo Ama dh ^mJ nyU hmoZm eof ah J`m {H$ Bg KQ>Zm Ho$
nMmV Cg ndr na gm_m` $n go V~mhr AmEJr Ama CgHo$ nyU hmoZo
_| ^r Xoa Zht bJr & A^r gm{h~OmXm AXb bVr\$ H$s ehmXV na
EH$ _mh ^r Z JwOam Wm {H$ H$m~wb _| gV hOm \$bm Ama BVZr
A{YH$ g`m _| bmoJ V~mh hE {H$ ~S>o Ama N>moQ>o Bg AMmZH$ AmB
AmnXm go K~am JE Ama bmoJm| Ho$ X` ^`^rV hmo JE Ama gm_m`V`m
bmoJm| Zo _hgyg H$a {b`m {H$ `h {dn{m Cg g`X _Oby_ (Ze{gV)
Ho$ H$maU h_ na nS>r h & Ogm {H$ EH$ Ag~{YV `pV {_Q>a
E.\o$H$ _m{Q>Z 256 H$s Omo H$B dfm] VH$ A\$Jm{ZVmZ H$s gaH$ma _|
Mr\$ BOr{Zà Ho$ nX na AmgrZ ah MwHo$ h, Cg gm` go {g hmoVm
h Omo Chm|Zo AnZr {H$Vm~ ""AS>a Xr Eg`yQ> A_ra'' 257 Zm_r _|
dUZ H$s h & ""`h hOm {~Hw$b Ag^m{dV Wm `m|{H$ A\$Jm{ZVmZ _|
254
hOo Ho$ {nN>bo Xmam| na pQ> S>mbVo hE A^r Ama Mma df VH$ Bg
H$ma H$m gH$m_H$ amoJ \y$Q> gH$Vm Wm &'' AV: `h hOm Abmh
VAmbm H$m EH$ {deof {ZemZ Wm, {OgH$s gyMZm dh AnZo _m_ya H$mo
bJ^J A>mBg df nyd Xo MwH$m Wm & {d{M ~mV `h h {H$ Bg
^{d`dmUr H$s A{YH$ T>Vm Ho$ {bE CgZo gm{h~OmXm AXb bVr\$
gm{h~ ehrX H$mo ^r Bg ~mV H$s gyMZm Xo Xr Wr & AV: Chm|Zo bmoJm|
go H$h {X`m Wm {H$ _ AnZr ehmXV Ho$ nMmV EH$ b` H$mo AmVo
hE XoIVm h & Bg hOo H$m ^md H$m~wb Ho$ òH$ KamZo na nS>m &
{Og H$ma OZ-gmYmaU Bg AmH$_U go gwa{jV Z aho, YZdmZ ^r
gwa{jV Z aho VWm CZ KamZm| _| ^r CgZo V~mhr H$m ma Imob {X`m
Omo ha H$ma Ho$ dm`-gwajm Ho$ gmYZ CnbY aIVo Wo Ama do bmoJ
{Ohm|Zo ehrX g`X Ho$ gJgma H$aZo _| {deof ^mJ {b`m Wm, {deof
Vma na nH$S>o JE Ama Hw$N> d` nH$S> _| AmE, Hw$N> Ho$ A`V
{ZH$Q>W n[aOZ V~mh hE &
AVEd EH$ XrK g_` Ho$ nMmV Abmh VAmbm H$m H$bm_
Ajae: nyam hAm Ama CgZo AnZo H$monr {ZemZm| go AnZo _m_ya H$s
{VR>m H$mo H$Q> {H$`m Ama ~w{_mZ Ho$ {bE B_mZ bmZo H$m _mJ Imob
{X`m & H$mZ H$h gH$Vm h {H$ Bg H$ma H$s ^{d`dmUr H$aZm {H$gr
_Zw` H$m H$m_ h & H$mZ gm _Zw` Bg pW{V _| O~ {H$ Cg na EH$
`pV ^r B_mZ Zht bm`m `h gyMZm H$m{eV H$a gH$Vm Wm {H$ Cg
na {H$gr g_` ~S>r ~hbVm go bmoJ B_mZ bo AmEJo, `hm VH$ {H$ Cg
H$m {gb{gbm Bg Xoe go {ZH$bH$a ~mha Ho$ Xoem| _| \$b OmEJm, {\$a
dhm CgHo$ Xmo AZw`m`r Cg na B_mZ bmZo Ho$ H$maU Z {H$ {H$gr A`
AnamY Ho$ H$maU ehrX {H$E OmEJo Ama O~ BZ XmoZm| H$s ehmXV hmo
MwHo$Jr Vmo Abmh VAmbm Cg jo na EH$ V~mhr CVmaoJm Omo CZHo$
{bE b` H$m Z_yZm hmoJr Ama A{YH$me bmoJ Cg go V~mh hm|Jo & `{X
~Xm ^r Bg H$ma H$s gyMZmE Xo gH$Vm h Vmo {\$a Abmh VAmbm Ho$
H$bm_ Ama ~Xm| Ho$ H$bm_ _| AVa `m ahm ?
_ `hm Bg gXoh H$m {ZdmaU H$a XoZm ^r C{MV g_PVm h {H$
Bhm_ _| eX (Hw$bmo _Z Abhm \$m{ZZ) h
Xm'dVwb A_ra
255
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AWmV Bg ndr Ho$ g_V bmoJ V~mh hmo OmEJo, naVw g~ bmoJ V~mh
Z hE Hw$N> bmoJ V~mh hE Ama ~hV go ~M JE & _yb ~mV `h h
{H$ Aa~r ^mfm Ho$ _whmdao _| Hw$bmo H$m eX H$^r gm_m`V`m Ho$ {bE
Ama H$^r Hw$N> Ho$ AWm] _| ^r `moJ hmoVm h, Amd`H$ Zht Bg eX
Ho$ AW ~hdMZ Ho$ hr hm| & AV: Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| AmVm h {H$ _Ir
H$mo Abmh VAmbm Zo dr H$s {H$
(Hw$br {_Z
Hw$pbg_amVo) hmbm{H$ òH$ _Ir gmao \$bm| H$mo Zht ImVr & AV:
BgHo$ AW `hr h {H$ \$bm| _| go Hw$N> H$mo Im & Bgr H$ma g~m H$s
(d D${V`V
_hmamZr Ho$ g~Y _| \$a_mVm h {_Z Hw$bo eBZ) CgH$mo òH$ dVw Xr JB Wr, hmbm{H$ dh ggma Ho$
{ZVmV N>moQ>o jo H$m emgZ Wm & AV: Bg Am`V Ho$ `hr AW h {H$
ggma H$s Zo_Vm| _| go Hw$N> CgH$mo Xr Wt & hm `h Amd`H$ hmoVm h
{H$ O~ Hw$bmo H$m eX ~mobm OmE Vmo dh AnZo AXa EH$ gm_m`V`m
(g~ Ho$ {bE H$m AW) H$m aIVm hmo Ama Hw$b gX`m| _| go EH$ {deof
^mJ Cg_| Am OmE Ama ò XmoZm| ~mV| hOo Ho$ gH$m_H$ amoJ _| Omo
dJdmgr ehrX H$s ehmXV Ho$ nMmV H$m~wb _| nS>m nmB OmVr Wt &
òH$ mU CgHo$ ^` go H$nm`_mZ Wm VWm bmoJm| H$s EH$ ~S>r g`m
CgHo$ mam V~mh hB `hm VH$ {H$ EH$ AJoO boIH$ 260 Bhm_ H$s
dmV{dH$Vm go {~Hw$b An[a{MV Wm Cgo ^r AnZr {H$Vm~ _| Bg hOo
H$r MMm {deof Vma na H$Q> H$aHo$ {bIZm nS>r &
Xgam Amamon `h {H$`m Om gH$Vm h {H$ Bhm_ _| eX
(VwO
~hmZo) H$m h, naVw BZ XmoZm| H $b {H$E JE bmoJm| _| go EH$ Vmo
Jbm Km|Q>H$a _mam J`m Ama Xgao gOZ gJgma {H$E JE & `h Amamon ^r
{dMma H$s H$_r Ama An kmZ H$m hr n[aUm_ hmo gH$Vm h `m|{H$ {Oh
Ho$ AW Aa~r ^mfm _| V~mh H$aZo Ho$ ^r hmoVo h Mmho {H$gr ^r H$ma go
V~mh {H$`m OmE Ama H $w AmZ H$ar_ _| AZoH$m| WmZ na `h _whmdam `moJ
hAm h & Ogm {H$ hOaV _ygm H$s KQ>Zm _| AmVm h {H$
(`wO
p~hZm
AZmAHw$_
d
`Vh`yZm {ZgmAHw$_) Vwhmao bS>H$m| H$mo do {Oh H$aVo Wo Ama bS>{H$`m|
H$mo do Or{dV aIVo Wo & hmbm{H$ B{Vhmg go {g h {H$ {\$aAmZr bmoJ
256
bS>H$m| H$mo {Oh Zht H$aVo Wo A{nVw nhbo Vmo XmB`m| H$mo AmXoe {X`m J`m
Wm {H$ do ~Mm| H$mo _ma X|, naVw O~ Chm|Zo X`m go H$m_ {b`m Vmo
{\$aAmZ Zo ZXr _| \|$H$Zo H$m AmXoe {X`m 262 "VmOwbC$g' (Aa~r eX
H$mof) _| h
(A[O
hmo-AhbmH$mo) & {Oh Ho$ AW
V~mh H$a XoZo Ho$ ^r hmoVo h ({OX 2, nR> 141) AV: `h Amamon
C{MV Z hmoJm {H$ g`X AXb bVr\$ gm{h~ gJgma {H$E JE Wo {Oh
Zht {H$E JE, `m|{H$ {Oh H$m eX V~mh H$a XoZo Ho$ AWm] _| `moJ
hmoVm h Mmho {H$gr ^r T>J go V~mh {H$`m OmE &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Xgar ^{d`dmUr
BamZr emgZ H$s H$mpV
Xgar ^{d`dmUr Omo _ hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo
dgbm_ H$s A{YH$me ^{d`dm{U`m| _| go dUZ H$aZm MmhVm h dh
AmnH$m nS>mogr emgZ AWmV BamZ Ho$ ~mXemh Ho$ g~Y _| h & 15,
OZdar gZ 1906 B. H$mo hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo
(VOOwb Xa
dgbm_ H$mo Bhm_ hAm {H$
B~mZo {H$gam \$VmX) `h Bhm_ gm_m` {XZM`m Ho$ AZwgma {gb{gbo
Ho$ CX Ama AJoOr g_mMmanm| Ama n{H$mAm| _| H$m{eV H$a {X`m
J`m & {Og g_` `h Bhm_ H$m{eV hAm h, BamZ Ho$* ~mXemh H$s
pW{V {~Hw$b gwa{jV Wr, `m|{H$ gZ 1905 B. _| Xoe dm{g`m| H$s
_mJm| H$mo drH$ma H$aHo$ BamZ Ho$ ~mXemh Zo ggX H$s WmnZm H$s
KmofUm H$a Xr Wr Ama gnyU BamZ _| Bg ~mV H$a Iw{e`m _ZmB Om
ahr Wt Ama ~mXemh _wO\$rZ emh OZ gm_m` _| `m{V mV H$a
aho Wo & òH$ `pV Bg ~mV na gZ Wm {H$ Chm|Zo {~Zm {H$gr
H$ma Ho$ aVnmV Ho$ Xoe H$mo Cmam{YH$ma Ho$ A{YH$ma XmZ H$a {XE
h & eof ggma _| ^r Bg ZdrZ AZw^d na Omo OmnmZ H$mo N>moS>H$a eof
E{e`mB Xoem| Ho$ {bE {~Hw$b ZdrZ Wm, AmH$mjm Ama Amem H$s pQ>
* BgmBbmonr{S>`m {~Q>mZrH$m
257
Xm'dVwb A_ra
bJmE ~R>m Wm Ama CZ ^`H$a n[aUm_m| go An[a{MV Wm Omo AnyU
{ejm Ama AZw^dhrZ bmoJm| _| Bg H$ma H$m {_wIr emgZ bmJy H$aZo
go CnZ hmo gH$Vo h & Eogo g_` _| hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ H$m
`h Bhm_ H$m{eV H$aZm {H$ ""VOOwb Xa BdmZo {H$gam \$VmX''
ggma H$s pQ> _| {d{M Wm & wXm VAmbm Ho$ {bE do H$m` gmYmaU
hmoVo h Omo bmoJm| H$mo {d{M {XImB XoVo h & BamZ VmOm dVVm na
Ama emh _wO\$rZ AnZo _m` hmoZo na gZ hmo aho Wo {H$ gZ
1907 B. _| Hw$b nMnZ df H$s Am`w _| emh Bg ggma go Hy$M H$a JE
Ama CZ H$m nw {_Om _wh_X Abr Jr na ~R>m & `{n _wh_X
Abr {_Om Zo Jr na ~R>Vo hr ggX Ho$ Wm{`d Ama Cmam{YH$mar
emgZ Ho$ Wm`r hmoZo H$s KmofUm H$s naVw Hw$N> hr {XZ nMmV ggma
H$mo do bjU {XImB XoZo bJo {OZH$s gyMZm hOaV _grh _mD$X
Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ Bhm_ _| Xr JB Wr Ama hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_
Ho$ Bhm_ Ho$ EH$ hr df ~mX BamZ _| Cnd Ho$ bjU {XImB XoZo
bJo & ~mXemh Ama ggX H$m {damoY Ama^ hmo J`m Ama ggX H$s _mJm|
na ~mXemh Zo Q>mb-_Q>mob Ama^ H$a Xr & AVV: ggX Ho$ Omoa XoZo
na CZ bmoJm| H$mo Xa~ma go nWH$ H$aZo H$m AmdmgZ {X`m {OZH$mo ggX
Cndm| H$m gWmnH$ g_PVr Wr, naVw gmW hr "{VhamZ' go OmZo H$m
^r BamXm H$a {b`m & Bg WmZmVaU Ho$ g_` H$m{gH$m| H$s goZm Vmo
~mXemh H$s AJ ajH$ Wr Ama Om{Vdm{X`m| Ho$ g_WH$m| Ho$ _` _VôX
hmo J`m Ama Bhm_ EH$ $n _| Bg H$ma nyam hAm {H$ BamZ H$m ggX
^dZ Vmonm| go CS>m {X`m J`m VWm ~mXemh Zo ggX H$mo W{JV H$a
{X`m & ~mXemh Ho$ Bg H$` go Xoe _| ~JmdV H$s EH$ gm_m` bha
XmS> JB Ama bm[aVmZ, bm~XOmZ, AH$~am~mX, ~y eha Ama eramO
VWm g_V X{jUr BamZ _| emgZ Ho$ A{YH$m[a`m| H$mo {ZaV H$aZo H$s
KmofUm H$aHo$ CZHo$ WmZ na OmV Ho$ MmhZo dmbm| Zo emgZ AnZo
A{YH$ma _| bo {b`m & Jh-`w Ama^ hmo J`m Ama ~mXemh Zo XoI
{b`m {H$ pW{V J^ra h & IOmZm Ama gm_mZ $g Ho$ Xoe _| ôOZm
Ama^ H$a {X`m Ama nyam ~b bJm`m {H$ ~JmdV g_mV hmo, naVw H$_
hmoZo H$s ~OmE Cnd ~T>Vm J`m, `hm VH$ {H$ OZdar gZ 1909 B.
258
_| B\$hmZ Ho$ jo _| ^r ~JmdV \y$Q> nS>r Ama ~pV`mar gaXma ^r
H$m_ naVm| Ho$ gmW gp_{bV hmo JE Ama emhr goZm H$mo gV namO`
Xr & ~mXemh Zo ^`^rV hmoH$a Cmam{YH$mar emgZ H$s gwajm H$m U
{H$`m Ama ~ma-~ma KmofUmE H$s {H$ dh A`mMmar dN>X emgZ H$mo
H$Xm{n Wm{nV Zht H$aoJm, naVw wXm Ho$ dmXo H$~ Q>b gH$Vo Wo, EodmZo
{H$gam _| `mHw$bVm ~T>Vr JB Ama AVV: dh {XZ Am J`m {H$
H$m{gH$ goZm ^r {Og na ~mXemh H$mo Jd Wm ~mXemh H$mo N>moS>H$a
{dmo{h`m| go {_b JB Ama ~mXemh AnZr nZr g{hV AnZo _hb H$mo
N>moS>H$a 15, OwbmB gZ 1909 B. H$mo $gr XVmdmg _| eaUmJV hmo J`m
Ama nyao AT>mB df Ho$ nMmV hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X(A) H$m Bhm_
""VOOwb Xa BdmZo {H$gam \$VmX'' {ZVmV {ejm_H$ Ama ZgrhV
Ho$ Vma na nyam hAm & BamZ go A`mMmar emgZ H$m AV hAm Ama
OmV H$m ZdrZ AZw^d {OgHo$ n[aUm_ wXm H$mo kmV h ma^ hAm &
OyZ Ama OwbmB Ho$ _hrZm| _| K~amhQ>, ^`, Ama {Zamem Ho$ ~mXb Omo
{H$gam Ho$ _hb na N>m aho Wo CZH$m AZw_mZ dhr bmoJ bJm gH$Vo h
Omo Bg H$ma H$s n[apW{V`m| H$m AdbmoH$Z H$a MwHo$ hm| `m Abmh
VAmbm H$s Amoa go CZH$mo AgmYmaU {dMma epV mV hB hmo, naVw
~hahmb ~w{_mZ Ho$ {bE `h {ZemZ hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ H$s
gMmB H$m ~hV ~S>m _mU h, naVw H$_ h Omo bm^ CR>mVo h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Vrgar ^{d`dmUr
AmW_ Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dmUr, {Og go ggma Ho$ BgmB`m|
na gm_m`V`m Ama {hXVmZ Ho$ BgmB`m| na {deofV`m
g~yV* nyam hAm
^{d`dm{U`m| H$m Vrgam CXmhaU _ CZ namoj Ho$ _m_bm| _| go
dUZ H$aVm h Omo hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Zo Bbm_
* B_m_o hOV `m hOV H$m nyU hmoZm - {H$gr H$mo ApV_ Vma na ~wamB^bmB g_Pm XoZm, VnMmV `{X {\$a dh H$m` H$ao Vmo CgH$m Xm{`d
Cgr na hmo & (AZwdmXH$)
259
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ho$ BgmB ewAm| Ho$ {d H$m{eV H$s Vm{H$ BgmB ggma na hOV
(VH$) Wm{nV hmo & ho ~mXemh ! _ Zht OmZVm {H$ AmnH$mo BZ
n[apW{V`m| H$m kmZ h `m Zht {H$ BgmB T>T>moaMr Ama MmaH$
_wgb_mZm| H$s JbV AmWmAm| Ama CZH$s H${WV JbV [adm`Vm| go bm^
CR>mH$a agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ na H$R>moa go H$R>moa
AmH$_U H$aZo Ho$ A`V h, naVw CZHo$ AmH$_Um| H$s H$R>moa AmO go
Vrg Mmbrg df nyd {Og gr_m H$mo nhMr hB Wr CgH$m CXmhaU AmO
Zht {_b gH$Vm & CZ bmoJm| H$s gr_m go ~T>r hB Jm{b`m| H$mo XoIH$a
hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Zo A`V ~bnydH$ CZ H$m
_wH$m~bm H$aZm ma^ {H$`m Ama AVV: Amn Ho$ AmH$_Um| go K~amH$a
BgmB AmH$_UH$mar AnZo WmZ H$mo N>moS> JE Ama A~ Cg boIZ ebr
H$m Zm_ Zht boVo Omo Chm|Zo Cg g_` AnZm aIr Wr CZ bmoJm| _| go
Omo gV AneXm| go H$m_ boVo Wo EH$ gOZ {S>Q>r AXbmh AmW_
^r Wo & EH$ ~ma Eogm hAm {H$ _wgb_mZmo Ama BgmB`m| Zo hOaV
AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ Ama CZHo$ _` A_Vga _| _w~m{hgm (emmW)
H$adm {X`m & _w~m{hgo _| AXbmh AmW_ gm{h~ ~hV Hw$N> hmW nmd
_maVo aho naVw CZ go Hw$N> Z ~Zm VWm AnZm|-nam`m| _| CZH$mo A`V
An_mZ PobZm nS>m & My{H$ _w~m{hgo Ho$ _` M_H$mam| H$s ^r MMm
AmB Wr, Bg{bE Abmh VAmbm Zo Z Mmhm {H$ `h _w~m{hgm {~Zm
{H$gr M_H$ma Ho$ Imbr Mbm OmE & Amn(A) H$mo Bhm_ mam ~Vm`m
J`m {H$ Bg ~hg _| XmoZm| gX`m| _| go Omo gX` OmZ-~yP H$a PyR>
H$mo AnZm ahm h Ama gMo wXm H$mo N>moS> ahm h Ama EH$ H$_Omoa
_Zw` H$mo wXm ~Zm ahm h dh Cht {XZm| _w~m{hgo H$s pQ> go AWmV
{V{XZ EH$ _mh boH$a AWmV ""nh _mh VH$ "hm{d`m' (ZH$ H$m
g~go {ZMbm Vb) _| {Jam`m OmEJm Ama Cgo A`V An_mZ H$m
gm_Zm H$aZm hmoJm ~eV} {H$ g` H$s Amoa nbm`Z Z H$ao &'' 265 O~
Amn(A) H$s Amoa go ApV_ ^{d`dmUr ^r em{_b H$a Xr Ama {bIm
{H$ `{X `h ^{d`dmUr nyar hmo JB Vmo Bg go {g hmoJm {H$ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ {OZ H$mo Vw_Zo AnZr {H$Vm~
""AX$Zm ~mB~b'' _| (ZmD$Ow{~bmh {_Z Om{bH$m) XOmb {bIm h
Xm'dVwb A_ra
260
wXm Ho$ nJ~a Ama agyb Wo &

Bg ^{d`dmUr _| ò Xmo ~mV| ~VmB JB Wt & wXm ~ZmZo dmbm
gX` {S>Q>r AmW_ nh _mh Ho$ AXa AnZo hR>, of Ama JmbrJbmoO Ho$ H$maU "hm{d`m' _| {Jam`m OmEJm & {Vr` `h {H$ `{X `h
gX` g` H$s Amoa bmQ>o Ama AnZr ~mV na bpOV hmo VWm AnZr
JbVr H$mo g_P OmE Vmo Eogr n[apW{V _| dh Cg H$mon go ~Mm`m
OmEJm, `{X Xgam gX` g` H$s Amoa Z bmQ>Vm Ama AnZo hR> na
T> ahVm Ama V~mh Z hmo OmVm Vmo ^{d`dmUr PyR>r hmo OmVr,
`m|{H$ `h ^{d`dmUr ~Vm ahr Wr {H$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {ZH$Q>
AmW_ H$s Am`w nh _mh go A{YH$ h & Bgr pW{V _| dh nh
_mh H$s Ad{Y _| _aoJm O~{H$ dh hR> na T> aho & EH$ V{ZH$ go
{dMma H$aZo na kmV hmo gH$Vm h {H$ Bg ^{d`dmUr H$s XmoZm|
n[apW{V`m| _| go Xgar n[apW{V Ho$ XmoZm| nhby nhbr n[apW{V Ho$
XmoZm| nhbwAm| go A{YH$ emZXma h, `m|{H$ nhbr n[apW{V Ho$ Xmo
nhby ò Wo {H$ `{X AmW_ hR> na T> ahm Vmo nh _mh _| _a
OmEJm Ama AmW_ H$m hR> na T> ahZm EH$ dm^m{dH$ ~mV Wr,
`m|{H$ BgmB`m| H$m EH$ ~S>m {dmZ Wm & BgmB`V Ho$ g_WZ Ama
Bbm_ Ho$ {damoY _| AZoH$m| {H$Vm~| {bI MwH$m Wm & gmgm[aH$ {VR>m
H$s pQ> go ^r A`V _mZZr` Wm VWm AJoOm| Ho$ gmW CgHo$ ~hV
g~Y Wo & Bg _hmZ _w~m{hgo _| g_V nmX[a`m| H$mo N>moS>H$a
_wH$m~bo Ho$ {bE Cgo MwZm J`m Wm Ama ~S>o-~S>o nmXar CgHo$ ghm`H$
Ama Zm`~ ~Zo Wo & AV: Eogo `pV Ho$ g~Y _| `hr {dMma hmo
gH$Vm h {H$ CgH$mo BgmB`V na nyU {ddmg Wm Ama `h {H$ dh
BgmB`V H$m BVZm g_WZ H$aZo Ama CgH$m g~ go ~S>m ~hgH$Vm
{g hmoZo Ho$ nMmV _grh H$s wXmB H$m EH$ {_ZQ> Ho$ {bE ^r
BH$mar Z hmoJm Ama Bbm_ H$s M_H$m[aH$ epV H$m AnZo X` _|
H$^r {dMma Zht AmZo XoJm, Ama `h ~mV {H$ Bg n[apW{V _| dh
nh _mh _| _a OmEJm `{n d` _| emZXma h naVw {\$a ^r EH$
ngR> df H$s Am`w Ho$ `pV Ho$ g~Y _| gXoh {H$`m Om gH$Vm Wm
{H$ em`X CgH$s Am`w hr nyU hmo MwH$s hmo, naVw CZH$s VwbZm _|
261
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Xgar n[apW{V Ho$ XmoZm| nhby A{YH$ emZXma h AWmV `h {H$ `{X
dh g` H$s Amoa bmQ>oJm Vmo nh _mh Ho$ AXa _mV Ho$ hm{d`m _|
Zht {Jam`m OmEJm & Bg n[apW{V H$m W_ nhby ^r {H$ AmW_
bmQ>o Bg ~mV go {H$ dh AnZo hR> na T> aho A{YH$ emZXma h,
`m|{H$ {H$gr _Zw` H$s _mV Vmo _Zw`m| Ho$ hmWm| go ^r Am gH$Vr h
naVw {H$gr H$mo nh _mh VH$ Or{dV ahZm {H$gr Ho$ A{YH$ma _|
Zht h AV: `{X ^{d`dmUr H$s Xgar n[apW{V nyar hmoVr Vmo dh
nhbr n[apW{V Ho$ nyU hmoZo H$s Anojm ~hV emZXma hmoVr Ama
Abmh VAmbm Zo {OgHo$ AmJo H$moB ~mV Ag^d Zht Bg Xgao nhby
H$mo hr Omo A{YH$ H${R>Z Wm AnZm`m AWmV CgZo AnZm ^` CgHo$
X` na S>mb {X`m Ama Cg ^{d`dmUr H$m nhbm ^md `h H$Q>
hAm {H$ AmW_ Zo ~hg H$s g^m Ho$ _` AnZo H$mZm| H$mo hmW
bJmH$a H$hm {H$ dh agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$mo
XOmb Zht H$hVm h & Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ H$m{eV hmoZo Ho$ nMmV
gnyU {hXVmZ H$s AmI| Bg Amoa bJ JB {H$ Xo{IE BgH$m `m
n[aUm_ {ZH$bVm h, naVw Abmh VAmbm Zo nh _mh H$s Vrjm
Zht H$amB & Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ H$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ g_` go hr AmW_
H$s pW{V n[ad{VV hmoZm Ama^ hmo JB Ama CgZo BgmB`V Ho$ g_WZ
_| {H$Vm~| Ama n{H$mE {bIZo H$m H$m` {~Hw$b ~X H$a {X`m &
EH$ `m{V mV MmaH$ Ama boIH$ H$m AnZo H$m` H$mo {~Hw$b `mJ
XoZm Ama Im_moe hmoH$a ~R> OmZm gmYmaU ~mV Z Wr A{nVw nQ>
g~yV Wm Bg ~mV H$m {H$ CgH$m X` _hgyg H$aZo bJ J`m h {H$
Bbm_ gMm h Ama Cg H$m _wH$m~bm H$aZo _| CgZo JbVr H$s h,
naVw CgZo Im_moer na hr gVmof Zht {H$`m A{nVw EH$ Am`mp_H$
hm{d`m _| {Jam`m J`m, AWmV Bg {dMma H$m ^md {H$ CgZo Bg
_wH$m~bo _| JbVr H$s h BVZm Jham hmoVm Mbm J`m {H$ Cgo ~S>o
AX^wV Ama {d{M H$ma Ho$ ` {XImB XoZo bJo Ogm {H$ CgZo
AnZo n[aOZm| Ama {_m| go dUZ {H$`m & H$^r Vmo Cgo gmn {XImB
XoVo Omo Cgo H$mQ>Zo H$mo XmS>Vo, H$^r Hw$mo Cgo H$mQ>Zo H$mo XmS>Vo Ama
H$^r ^mbo boH$a MbZo-dmbo bmoJ CgHo$ {dMma _| Cg na AmH$_U
262
H$aVo & hmbm{H$ Z Vmo gmn Ama Hw$mo Bg H$ma {gYmE Om gH$Vo h
{H$ do {deof Vma na AXbm AmW_ H$mo OmH$a H$mQ>| Ama Z
{hXVmZ _| Am| H$s gm_m` dVVm h {H$ bmoJ ^mbo boH$a eha
H$s gS>H$m| na IS>o ah| Vm{H$ AXbmh AmW_ H$mo _ma X| & dmVd _|
`h EH$ "hm{d`m' Wr Omo Cg e{_XJr Ho$ H$maU Omo Cg Ho$ X` _|
BgmB`V Ho$ g_WZ Ama Bbm_ Ho$ {d IS>o hmoZo Ho$ g~Y _| CnZ
hmo MwH$s Wr & Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go Cg ~S>r "hm{d`m' Ho$
~Xbo _| CnZ H$s JB Wr, {Og _| hR> na T> ahZo H$s pW{V _|
dh S>mbm OmVm & `{X dmVd _| CgH$m B_mZ BgmB`V na H$m`_
ahVm Ama Bbm_ H$mo dh Cgr H$ma PyR>m g_PVm {Og H$ma {H$
nhbo PyR>m g_PVm Wm Vmo {H$g H$ma g^d Wm {H$ ^_m| Ama IVam|
Ho$ Bg ZH$ _| nS> OmVm Ama OmZdam| VWm H$sS>m| VH$ H$mo AnZm ew
g_P boVm Ama dMm[aH$ gmn Ama Hw$mo Cgo H$mQ>Zo H$mo XmS>Vo & `{X
dh Abmh VAmbm H$mo AnZo {d Zht g_PZo bJm Wm Vmo `m| Cgo
wXm H$s g_V gpQ> AnZo {d IS>r {XImB XoVr Wr VWm dh
BgmB`V H$s {b{IV Ama _m{IH$ ha H$ma H$s ghm`Vm H$m H$m_
ghgm `mJ H$a eham| _| ^mJVm {\$aVm &
AVEd Abmh VAmbm Zo AnZo Bhm_ _| Xgam ^mJ g` H$s
Amoa bmQ>Zo H$m ~Vm`m Wm Omo {H$ nhbo ^mJ go A{YH$ H${R>Z Wm dh
~S>o {d{M $n _| nyam hAm Ama AmW_ H$m X` _grh H$s wXmB _|
gXoh JV hmoZo bJm Ama Bbm_ H$s gMmB H$m {MU CgHo$ X`
na O_ J`m & V~ Abmh VAmbm H$s gyMZm H$m Xgam ^mJ ^r nyam
hAm & AWmV ~mdOyX BgHo$ {H$ Cgo AmV[aH$ ^` Zo _`w Ho$ {~Hw$b
{ZH$Q> H$a {X`m Wm, nh _mh VH$ Or{dV aIm J`m Vm{H$ Abmh
VAmbm H$s ~mV nyar hmo {H$ `{X CgZo g` H$s Amoa _wI {H$`m Vmo
dh ~Mm`m OmEJm &
`h EH$ epVembr ^{d`dmUr Wr Omo bmoJm| H$s AmI| ImobZo Ho$
{bE n`mV Wr, naVw `{X `h Im_moer go JwOa OmVr Vmo em`X Hw$N>
g_` Ho$ nMmV bmoJ H$h XoVo {H$ AmW_ g` H$s Amoa Zht bmQ>m Wm
`h Amn bmoJm| H$s ~ZmdQ> h & Bg{bE Abmh VAmbm Zo Bg
Xm'dVwb A_ra
263
Xm'dVwb A_ra
^{d`dmUr H$s A{YH$ `m`m Ho$ {bE BgmB`m| Ama _wgb_mZm| _| go
EH$ {Jamoh H$mo IS>m H$a {X`m Omo EH$ BgmB Ho$ g_WZ _| emoa H$aZo
bJo {H$ ^{d`dmUr PyR>r {ZH$br Ama AmW_ Zht _am & Bg na
CZH$mo ~Vm`m J`m {H$ ^{d`dmUr H$s Xmo n[apW{V`m Wt CZ_| go
Xgar n[apW{V ~S>r nQ>Vm Ho$ gmW nyU hmo JB h naVw Chm|Zo
BH$ma {H$`m Ama H$hm {H$ AmW_ g` H$s Amoa H$Xm{n Zht bmQ>m &
Bg na hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo AmW_ H$mo {Z_U {X`m {H$ CgHo$ BgmB
Ama _wgb_mZ dH$sb Omo Hw$N> H$h aho h `{X g` h Vmo Cgo Mm{hE
{H$ gmJY ImH$a KmofUm H$ao {H$ CgHo$ X` _| Bg Ad{Y _| Bbm_
H$s gMmB Ama BgmB`V H$s AmWmAm| Ho$ {_`m hmoZo Ho$ {dMma Zht
AmE, naVw CgZo gmJY ImZo go BH$ma H$a {X`m & hm {~Zm gmJY
Ho$ KmofUm H$a Xr {H$ _ A~ ^r BgmB Y_ H$mo gMm g_PVm h
naVw Abmh VAmbm Zo {OgH$m X`m| Ama _pVH$m| na A{YH$ma h
Cg H$s Cht KmofUmAm| _| CgHo$ H$b_ go `h {ZH$bdm {X`m {H$ _
_grh H$mo A` BgmB`m| H$s ^m{V wXm Zht g_PVm & Bhm_ Ho$ eX
Ogo {H$ D$na ZH$b {H$E JE h ^{d`dmUr `h Wr Omo EH$ _Zw`
H$mo wXm ~Zm ahm h dh "hm{d`m' _| {Jam`m OmEJm Ama AmW_ Zo
drH$ma H$a {b`m {H$ dh _grh H$mo wXm Zht g_PVm, naVw {\$a
^r Cg na ~b {X`m J`m {H$ `{X dh dmVd _| BZ {XZm| AnZo Y_
H$s gMmB Ho$ g~Y _| Ag_Og _| Zht nS>m Ama Bbm_ H$s gMmB
H$m Ahgmg CgHo$ X` _| CnZ Zht hmo J`m Wm Vmo dh gmJY
ImH$a KmofUm H$a Xo {H$ _ BZ {XZm| _| {ZaVa Cht {dMmam| na
H$m`_ ahm h Omo Bggo nyd _oao Wo & `{X dh gmJY Im OmE Ama
EH$ df VH$ Cg na wXm H$m H$mon Z AmE Vmo {\$a h_ PyR>o hm|Jo
Ama `h ^r {bIm {H$ `{X AmW_ gmJY Im OmE Vmo Cgo h_ EH$
hOma n`m ^r BZm_ X|Jo & BgH$m Cma AmW_ Zo `h {X`m {H$ CgHo$
Y_ _| gmJY ImZm dY Zht & hmbm{H$ BOrb _| hdm[a`m| H$s ~hV
gr H$g_| {bIr h Ama BgmB gaH$mam|* _| H$moB ~S>m nXm{YH$mar Zht
{Ogo {~Zm gmJY ImE nX XmZ {H$`m OmE & `hm VH$ {H$ ~mXemh
* BgmBbmonr{S>`m {~Q>mZrH$m
264
H$mo ^r gmJY Xr OmVr h, OOm| H$mo ^r gmJY Xr OmVr h, gmgXm|
H$mo ^r gmJY Xr OmVr h, {g{db VWm goZm Ho$ nXm{YH$m[a`m| H$mo ^r
gmJY Xr OmVr h, AXmbVm| _| Jdmhm| H$mo ^r gmJY Xr OmVr h
A{nVw BgmB AXmbVm| H$m Vmo `h H$mZyZ h {H$ Chm|Zo gmJY H$mo
Ho$db BgmB`m| Ho$ {bE {d{eQ> H$a {X`m & BgmB`m| Ho$ A{V[aV Xgam|
go do gmJY Zht boVt A{nVw gm` Ho$ g_` `h H$hbdmVr h {H$ _
Omo Hw$N> H$hJm wXm H$mo CnpWV Ama Q>m g_P H$a H$hJm & AV:
O~{H$ BgmB`m| Ho$ {ZH$Q> gmJY Ho$db BgmB`m| H$m A{YH$ma h Vmo
CgH$s `h Amn{m {~Hw$b {ZamYma Wr Ama _m gmJY go ~MZo Ho$
{bE Wr, `m|{H$ dh CZ ^`H$a `m| H$mo nhbo XoI MwH$m Wm Omo Cgo
{ddmg {Xbm aho Wo {H$ `{X CgZo gmJY ImB Vmo dh V~mh hmo
OmEJm & CgHo$ gmJY ImZo go BH$ma H$aZo H$s dmV{dH$Vm Ama ^r
nQ> hmo OmVr h O~{H$ h_ XoIVo h {H$ BgmB`m| _| H$moB ~S>m
Ym{_H$ nX Zht {X`m OmVm O~ VH$ {H$ C_rXdma gmJY Zht Im
boVm & moQ>oQ>oQ> gXm` Ho$ nmX[a`m| H$mo Vmo {Og go AmW_ g~Y
aIVm Wm Xmo gmJY| ImZm nS>Vr h & EH$ {JaOo go d\$mXmar H$s Ama
EH$ gaH$ma go d\$mXmar H$s & O~ Cg Ho$ g_j ò ~mV| aIr JB Vmo
dh {~Hw$b hr Im_moe hmo J`m & BYa BZm_ H$s am{e EH$ hOma go
~T>mH$a Yrao-Yrao Mma hOma VH$ H$a Xr JB Ama `h ^r H$hm J`m
EH$ df H$s Vrjm {H$E {~Zm hr `h am{e bo bmo Ama H$g_ Im
OmAmo, naVw O~{H$ CgH$m X` OmZVm Wm {H$ dh AnZr H$m_ go
^` ImH$a AnZr Cg pW{V H$mo Nw>nm ahm h Omo nh _mh VH$ Cg
na N>mB ahr h Vmo dh gmJY| `m|H$a Im gH$Vm Wm & CgZo gmJY Z
ImB Ama Im_moer go {XZ JwOma {XE VWm Bbm_ Ho$ {d {H$Vm~|
{bIZm `m _m{IH$ Vma na BgmB`V H$m Mma H$aZm {~Hw$b `mJ
{X`m Ama Bgr H$ma Cg ^{d`dmUr H$s gMmB Ama ^r nQ> hmo
JB Ama Ogo Bg _m`_ go Abmh VAmbm Zo ew go _grh H$s wXmB
H$s AmWm go hQ>Zo H$m {b{IV BH$ama H$am {b`m VWm Bbm_ H$s
gMmB Ho$ g~Y _| CgHo$ X` _| Omo {dMma (hmbm{H$ Bg _w~m{hgo
_| {OgHo$ nMmV ^{d`dmUr H$s JB Wr CgZo EH$ nM} _| _grh H$s
Xm'dVwb A_ra
265
Xm'dVwb A_ra
wXm Ama g_V wXmB {deofVmAm| H$mo CgHo$ ApVd _| {g H$aZo
H$m `mg {H$`m Wm) CnZ hE Wo, CZH$m BH$ama CgHo$ Cg `dhma
Ho$ mam H$a {X`m Omo gmJY H$s _mJ na CgZo YmaU {H$`m &
`h ^{d`dmUr AnZr loR>Vm Ama {VR>m _| Eogr h {H$ òH$
gXd^md _Zw` BgHo$ mam B_mZ _| CZ{V H$a gH$Vm h Ama wXm H$s
PbH$ H$mo AnZr AmIm| go XoI boVm h, `m|{H$ Bbm_ H$m EH$ H$>a
{damoYr Ama ~S>r H$m_ H$m EH$ A{JUr gX` Omo A` Y_m] Ho$ {d
~Vma dVm VwV {H$`m J`m hmo Ama {Og H$s Am`w AnZo Y_ Ho$
g_WZ Ama A` Y_m] Ho$ {damoY _| JwOa JB hmo, CgHo$ X` _| AnZo
Y_ Ho$ gX^ _| gXoh Ama A` Y_m] H$s gMmB Ho$ {dMma CnZ H$a
XoZm Cgo {dbjU ` Cgo {XImZm Ama {dMmam| Ho$ n[adVZ Ho$ ~Xbo _|
^{d`dmUr Ho$ AZwgma CgH$mo nh _mh VH$ Or{dV aIZm _mZd epV
go {~Hw$b ~mha h &
MmWr ^{d`dmUr
A_arH$m Ho$ PyR>o XmdoXma "S>moB' Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dmUr Omo
BgmB`m| Ho$ {bE gm_m`V`m Ama A_arH$m Ho$ {Zdm{g`m| Ho$
{bE {deofV`m g~yV hB &
A~ _ EH$ Ama ^{d`dmUr Omo BgmB`m| na hOV H$m`_ H$aZo Ho$
{bE H$s JB Wr, naVw Cg _| A{YH$Va npM_r Xoem| Ho$ bmoJm| na
{ddmX H$mo nyU $n go {g H$aZm pQ>JV Wm dUZ H$aVm h &
"AbJOoS>a S>moB' A_arH$m H$m EH$ {g `pV Wm & `h `pV
dmVd _| AmQ>o{b`m H$m ahZo dmbm Wm, dhm go A_arH$m Mbm J`m &
gZ 1892 B. _| CgZo Ym{_H$ dMZ XoZo Ama^ {H$E Ama erK hr Bg
Xmdo Ho$ H$maU {H$ Cgo {~Zm {H$gr BbmO Ho$ dm` XmZ H$aZo H$s
epV h CgZo OZ gmYmaU _| _m`Vm mV H$aZm Ama^ H$a Xr & gZ
1901 B. _| CgZo `h Xmdm {H$`m {H$ dh _grh Ho$ {Vr` AmJ_Z Ho$
{bE ~Vma E{b`m Ho$ h Ama CgH$m _mJ eV H$aZo Am`m h & My{H$
_grh Ho$ H$Q>Z Ho$ bjUm| Ho$ nyU hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Y_ go g~Y aIZo
266
dmbo bmoJm| H$mo _grh Ho$ AmZo H$s Vrjm Wr, Bg Xmdo go CgH$mo n`mV
CZ{V mV hB & CgZo EH$ ^y-^mJ IarX H$a Cg na "grhZ' Zm_
H$m EH$ eha ~gm`m Ama KmofUm H$s {H$ _grh Bgr eha _| CVa|Jo &
~S>o-~S>o YZdmZ bmoJm| Zo g~ go nhbo _grh H$mo XoIZo Ho$ Co` go
bmIm| nE `` H$aHo$ O_rZ IarX H$a dhm _H$mZ ~ZdmE Ama `h
Cg eha _| EH$ amOm H$s ^m{V ahZo bJm & CgHo$ AZw`m`r WmoS>o hr
g_` _| EH$ bmI go A{YH$ hmo JE Ama g_V BgmB Xoem| _| CgHo$
MmaH$ Mma Ho$ {bE {Z`wV {H$E JE & Cg `pV H$mo Bbm_ go
~S>r ewVm Wr Ama Bbm_ Ho$ {d h_oem AneX ~mobVm ahVm Wm &
gZ 1902 B. _| CgZo H$m{eV {H$`m {H$ `{X _wgb_mZ BgmB`V H$mo
drH$ma Zht H$a|Jo Vmo do g~ Ho$ g~ V~mh H$a {XE OmEJo & Bg
^{d`dmUr H$r gyMZm hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X(A) H$mo mV hB Vmo
Amn(A) Zo VwaV CgHo$ {d EH$ {dkmnZ H$m{eV {H$`m {Og _|
Bbm_ H$s loR>Vm H$m dUZ H$aVo hE {bIm {H$ BgmB`V H$s gMmB
H$Q> H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$amoS>m| bmoJm| H$mo V~mh H$aZo H$s `m Amd`H$Vm
h & _ wXm H$s Amoa go _grh ~Zm H$a ôOm J`m h & _wP go
_w~m{hbm H$aHo$ XoI bmo, Bg go gMo Ama PyR>o Y_ H$m {ZU` hmo
OmEJm Ama bmoJm| H$mo {ZU` H$aZo _| ghm`Vm {_boJr & 266 `h
{dkmnZ Amn(A) H$m {gV~a gZ 1902 B. _| H$m{eV {H$`m J`m Ama
`yamon VWm A_arH$m _| BVZr A{YH$ g`m _| H$m{eV {H$`m J`m {H$
{Xg~a gZ 1902 B. go boH$a gZ 1903 B. Ho$ AV VH$ Bg {dkmnZ
na A_arH$m VWm `yamon _| {d{^Z g_mMma-nm| _| g_rjmE H$m{eV
hmoVr aht, {OZ _| bJ^J Mmbrg g_mMma nm| Zo Vmo AnZr {V`m
`hm ^r ôOt & g_mMma nm| _| Bg {dkmnZ Ho$ BVZo A{YH$ H$meZ
go AZw_mZ bJm`m Om gH$Vm h {H$ H$_ go H$_ ~rg-nMrg bmI
bmoJm| H$mo Bg _w~m{hbo Ho$ {Z_U H$m kmZ hmo J`m hmoJm &
S>moB Zo Bg {dkmnZ H$m Cma Vmo H$moB Z {X`m, Bbm_ Ho$ {d
lmn XoZo Ama^ H$a {XE VWm Cg na H$R>moa hma ma^ H$a {XE &
14, \$adar* H$mo CgZo H$m{eV {H$`m {H$ ""_ wXm go XAm H$aVm h
Xm'dVwb A_ra
* S>moB Ho$ g_mMma n _| Omo "grhZ' go H$m{eV hmoVm Wm
267
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{H$ dh {XZ erK AmE O~ Bbm_ ggma go {_Q> OmE & ho wXm Vy
_oar Bg XAm H$mo drH$ma H$a, ho wXm Vy Bbm_ H$mo V~mh H$a &''
{\$a 5 AJV gZ 1903 B. _| H$m{eV {H$`m {H$ ""Bgm{Z`V na Bg
H$R>moa Hw$$n Y~o (Bbm_) H$mo "grhZ' V~mh H$aHo$ N>moS>oJm &'' O~
hOaV AH$Xg Zo XoIm {H$ `h `pV AnZo {damoY go Zht hQ> ahm Vmo
Amn(A) Zo gZ 1903 B. _| EH$ Ama {dkmnZ {X`m, {Og H$m Zm_ Wm
""S>moB Ama {nJQ> Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dm{U`m &'' Bg {dkmnZ _| AmnZo
{bIm _wPo Abmh VAmbm Zo Bg g_` Bg{bE ôOm h Vm{H$ Cg Ho$
EHo$dadmX (VmhrX) H$mo Wm{nV H$$ Ama VdmX H$mo ZQ> H$a X &
Ama {\$a {bIm {H$ ""A_arH$m Ho$ {bE wXm Zo _wPo `h {ZemZ {X`m h
{H$ `{X S>moB _oao gmW _w~m{hbm H$ao Ama _oao _wH$m~bo na Mmho `j
Vma na AWdm gmHo${VH$ Vma na Am OmE, Vmo dh _oao XoIVo XoIVo
~S>r hgaV Ama H$Q> Ho$ gmW Bg Zda ggma H$mo N>moS> XoJm &''
BgHo$ nMmV {bIm {H$ ""S>moB H$mo _Zo nhbo ^r _w~m{hbo H$m {Z_U
{X`m Wm, naVw CgZo A~ VH$ CgH$m H$moB Cma Zht {X`m, Bg{bE
CgH$mo AmO go gmV _mh VH$ Cma XoZo H$s Ny>Q> Xr OmVr h &'' {\$a
{bIm {H$ AV: {ddmg aImo {H$ ""CgHo$ grhZ na erK EH$
AmnXm AmZo dmbr h &'' AV _| CgHo$ Cma H$s Vrjm {H$E {~Zm
XAm H$s {H$ ""ho wXm ! `h \$gbm erK go erK H$a {H$ {nJQ>
Ama S>moB H$m PyR> bmoJm| na H$Q> H$a Xo &'' Bg {dkmnZ H$m ^r
~hV A{YH$ g`m _| npM_r Xoem| _| {dVaU {H$`m J`m VWm `yamon
Ama A_arH$m Ho$ AZoH$m| g_mMma-nm| CXmhaUV`m bmJmo, hoaS>
BJ{bVmZ, `y`mH$ H$_a{e`b, ES>dQ>mÒa A_arH$m B`m{X Zo BgHo$ gma
g_mMma-nm| _| H$m{eV {H$E Ama bmIm| bmoJ CgHo$ boIm| go AdJV
hmo JE &
{Og g_` `h {dkmnZ H$m{eV hAm h Cg g_` S>moB H$m Zj
~S>o CH$f na Wm & CgHo$ AZw`m{``m| H$s g`m ~hV ~T> ahr Wr Ama
do bmoJ BVZo YZmT>` Wo {H$ òH$ Cnhma CgH$mo VwV H$aVo Wo VWm
CgHo$ H$B H$maImZo Omar Wo & N>: H$amoS> Ho$ bJ^J CgHo$ nmg YZ-am{e
Wr VWm ~S>o-~S>o Zdm~m| go A{YH$ CgH$m H$_Mmar dJ Wm, CgH$m
268
dm` Eogm AN>m Wm {H$ dh Cgo AnZm M_H$ma R>hamVm Wm VWm
H$hVm Wm {H$ _ Xgam| H$mo ^r AnZo AmXoe go AN>m H$a gH$Vm h &
AV: YZ, dm`, gXm`, Ama A{YH$ma BZ Mmam| ~mVm| go Cgo
A{YH$me ^mJ mV Wm &
Bg {dkmnZ Ho$ H$m{eV hmoZo na bmoJm| Zo Cg go Z {H$`m {H$
dh `m| Amn(A) Ho$ {dkmnZm| H$m Cma Zht XoVm, Vmo CgZo H$hm {H$
bmoJ H$hVo h {H$ ""Vw_ A_wH$-A_wH$ ~mV H$m Cma `m| Zht XoVo &
Cma ! `m Vw_ {dMma H$aVo hmo {H$ _ BZ H$sS>o-_H$moS>m| H$m Cma XJm,
`{X _ AnZm na BZ na aIy Vmo EH$ jU _| BZH$mo Hw$Mb gH$Vm h
naVw _ BZH$mo Adga XoVm h {H$ _oao gm_Zo go Xa Mbo OmE VWm Hw$N>
{XZ Ama Or{dV ah| &'' _Zw` m`: H$gr _yIVm H$a boVm h & S>moB Zo
_wH$m~bo go BH$ma H$aVo hE _wH$m~bm H$a {b`m, CgZo {dMma Z {H$`m
{H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo nQ> {bI {X`m Wm {H$ `{X gmHo${VH$ Vma na
^r _oao _wH$m~bo na AmEJm Vmo H$Q> Ho$ gmW _oao OrdZ _| hr V~mh
hmoJm & CgZo Amn(A) H$mo H$sS>m R>ham H$a Ama `h H$h H$a {H$ `{X _
Cg na AnZm na aI Xy Vmo Hw$Mb X d` H$mo Amn(A) Ho$ _wH$m~bo na
IS>m H$a {X`m Ama wXm Ho$ H$mon H$mo AnZo D$na CVadm {b`m &
naVw CgH$m Cnd Ama AhH$ma `ht na g_mV Zht hAm, CgZo
Hw$N> {XZ ~mX Amn(A) H$s MMm H$aVo hE AmnHo$ g~Y _| ò eX `moJ
{H$E ""_yI _wh_Xr _grh'' Ama `h ^r {bIm {H$ ""`{X _ wXm H$s
ndr na wXm H$m nJ~a Zht Vmo {\$a H$moB ^r Zht &'' Ama {Xg~a
gZ 1903 B. H$mo Vmo Iwbm Iwbm _wH$m~bo na Am IS>m hAm Ama KmofUm
H$s {H$ EH$ \$[aVo* Zo _wP go H$hm h {H$ Vy AnZo ewAm| na {dO`r
hmoJm Ogo hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$s ^{d`dmUr Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| Amn g.A.d.
H$s V~mhr H$s ^{d`dmUr H$m{eV H$a Xr & `h CgH$m _wH$m~bm Omo
nhbo gmHo${VH$ Vma na Ama^ hAm Ama Yrao-Yrao `j H$s Amoa AmVm
J`m, erK \$b bo Am`m Ama Bg ApV_ AmH$_U Ho$ nMmV My{H$ dh
_wH$m~bo na Am J`m Wm, hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X(A) Zo Cg Ho$
{d {bIZm N>moS> {X`m Ama
(\$V{Oa Bh_
Xm'dVwb A_ra
* S>moB H$m g_mMma n
269
Xm'dVwb A_ra
_wV{O$Z) Ho$ AmXoemZwgma wXm Ho$ \$gbo H$s Vrjm H$aZm Ama^ H$a
{X`m & AVV: Abmh VAmbm Zo Omo nH$S>Zo _| Yr_r J{Vdmbm h naVw
O~ nH$S>Vm h Vmo H$R>moaVm go nH$S>Vm h & AnZm hmW CgH$s Amoa
~T>m`m Ama na {OZH$mo dh CgHo$ _grh na aIH$a Hw$MbZm MmhVm Wm
CgZo ~oH$ma H$a {XE, CgHo$ _grh na na aIZo H$s epV Vmo Cgo H$hm
{_b gH$Vr Wr dh CZ nam| H$mo ndr na ^r aIZo Ho$ `mo` Z ahm
AWmV wXm H$m H$mon bH$dm Ho$ $n _| Cg na CVam, Hw$N> {XZ ~mX
Hw$N> gwYma hmo J`m, naVw Xmo _mh nMmV 19, {Xg~a H$mo Xgam
AmH$_U hAm VWm CgZo ahr ghr epV`m ^r VmoS> Xt & O~ dh
{~Hw$b Aghm` hmo J`m Vmo CgZo AnZm H$m` AnZo ghm`H$m| Ho$ gwnwX
{H$`m Ama d` EH$ rn _| {Og H$s Obdm`w bdo Ho$ {bE bm^X Wr
ahZ-ghZ YmaU H$a {b`m naVw Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$mon Zo Cgo A~
^r Z N>moS>m Ama Mmhm {H$ {Og H$ma CgZo CgHo$ _grh H$mo H$sS>m
H$hm Wm CgH$mo H$sS>o H$s ^m{V {g H$aHo$ {XImE Ama dh dVw {Og
na A{^_mZ H$aVo hE CgZo `h gmhg {H$`m Wm Cht Ho$ mam Cgo
An_m{ZV H$ao & AV: Eogm hAm {H$ CgHo$ amoJr hmoH$a Mbo OmZo Ho$
nMmV CgHo$ AZw`m{``m| Ho$ X` _| gXoh CnZ hAm {H$ `h Vmo A`
bmoJm| H$s XAm go Zht A{nVw AnZo AmXoe go AN>m H$aVm Wm `h d`
Eogm `m| amoJr hAm & Chm|Zo CgHo$ Mbo OmZo Ho$ nMmV Cg Ho$ H$_am|
H$s, {OZ_| dh {H$gr A` H$mo OmZo Zht XoVm Wm Vbmer br Vmo Cg_|
go eam~ H$s ~hV gr ~moVb| {ZH$bt VWm CgH$s nZr Ama nw Zo
gm` Xr {H$ dh Nw>nH$a ~hV eam~ {n`m H$aVm Wm hmbm{H$ dh AnZo
AZw`m{``m| H$mo eam~ nrZo go ~S>r gVr go amoH$Vm Wm VWm {H$gr Zeo
H$s Amkm Zht XoVm Wm `hm VH$ {H$ V~mHy$ Ho$ godZ go amoH$m H$aVm
Wm & CgH$s nZr Zo H$hm {H$ _ CgH$s {ZVmV {ZYZVm Ho$ {XZm| _|
^r d\$mXma ahr h naVw A~ _wPo `h _mby_ H$aHo$ ~S>m A\$gmog hAm
h {H$ CgZo EH$ YZdmZ dm go {ddmh H$aZo Ho$ {bE `h ZdrZ ~mV
dUZ H$aZm Ama^ H$s h {H$ EH$ go A{YH$ {ddmh dY h & dmVd _|
Bg ~mV H$s Vh _| CgH$m AnZo {ddmh H$s BN>m h, AV: Cg Zo Cg
dm Ho$ n Omo S>moB Ho$ nm| Ho$ Cma _| AmE Wo bmoJm| H$mo {XImE, Bg
270
na bmoJm| H$m amof Ama ^r ^S>H$m VWm gXm` H$s Cg YZ-am{e Ho$
{hgm~ H$s OmM-nS>Vmb H$s JB Omo CgHo$ nmg ahVr Wr Vmo kmV hAm
{H$ CgZo Cg_| go nMmg bmI n`m hS>n {b`m h VWm `h ^r H$Q>
hAm {H$ eha H$s H$B ZmOdmZ bS>{H$`m| H$mo CgZo JwV Vma na EH$
bmI go A{YH$ n`m| Ho$ Cnhma {XE h & Bg na Cg gXm` H$s Amoa
go Cgo EH$ Vma Ama {X`m {OgHo$ eX ò h :""gnyU gXm` nyU gh_{V go Vwhmao An`` (\w$Oyb
Mu), {XImdo, PyR> ~mobZo, A{Ve`mopVnyU ~mVm|, bmoJm| Ho$
YZ H$m AZw{MV `moJ A`m` Ama H$moY na gV Eo{VamO
H$aVm h & Bg{bE Vwh| Vwhmao nX go {Zb{~V {H$`m OmVm
h &''
S>moB BZ Amamonm| H$m IS>Z Z H$a gH$m Ama n[aUm_d$n CgHo$
g_V AZw`m`r CgHo$ {damoYr hmo JE & CgZo Mmhm {H$ d` AnZo
AZw`m{``m| Ho$ gm_Zo AmH$a CZH$mo AnZr Amoa AmH$Q> H$ao naVw Q>oeZ
na {gdmE Hw$N> bmoJm| Ho$ H$moB CgHo$ dmJV H$mo Z Am`m Ama {H$gr Zo
CgH$s ~mV H$s Amoa `mZ Z {X`m, AVV: dh AXmbVm| H$s Amoa
J`m, naVw dhm go ^r Cgo "H$m_r \$S>' na A{YH$ma Z {_bm Ama
Ho$db EH$ An JwOmam {X`m J`m & CgH$s bmMmar H$s pW{V `hm
VH$ nhM JB {H$ CgHo$ her ZmH$a CgH$mo CR>m-CR>m H$a EH$ WmZ
go Xgao WmZ na aIVo Wo, dh H$R>moa H$Q>X Ama XIXm`r OrdZ`mnZ H$aVm Wm & CgHo$ X:I Ama H$Q> H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$ Xmo-Mma
{_bZo dmbm| Zo Omo A^r VH$ Cggo {_bVo Wo Cgo nam_e {X`m {H$
dh AnZm BbmO H$admE, naVw dh BbmO H$amZo go Bg H$maU BH$ma
H$aVm ahm {H$ bmoJ H$h|Jo {H$ `h bmoJm| H$mo Vmo BbmO go amoH$Vm Wm
Ama d` BbmO H$amVm h & AVV: O~{H$ CgHo$ EH$ bmI go A{YH$
AZw`m{``m| _| go Ho$db Xmo gm Ho$ bJ^J eof ah JE VWm AXmbVm| _|
^r {Zamem hmW bJr VWm ~r_mar H$m ^r H$Q> ~T> J`m Vmo BZ
H$Q>m| H$mo ghZ Z H$a gH$m Ama nmJb hmo J`m Ama EH$ {XZ CgHo$
Hw$N> AZw`m`r O~ CgHo$ dMZ gwZZo Ho$ {bE JE Vmo Chm|Zo XoIm {H$
CgHo$ g_V eara na n{>`m ~Yr hB h & CgZo CZgo H$hm {H$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
271
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CgH$m Zm_ _ar h Ama dh nyar amV eVmZ go bS>Vm ahm h Ama Bg
`w _| Cg H$m goZmn{V _mam J`m h Ama dh d` ^r Km`b hmo
J`m h Bg na CZ bmoJm| H$mo {ddmg hmo J`m {H$ `h `pV {~Hw$b
nmJb hmo J`m h Ama do ^r CgH$mo N>moS> JE Ama hOaV AH$Xg Ho$
ò eX {H$ dh
""_oao XoIVo-XoIVo ~S>r hgaV Ama XI Ho$ gmW Bg Zda
ggma H$mo N>moS> XoJm &''
8 _mM gZ 1907 B. H$mo nyao hmo JE AWmV S>moB hgaV Ama X:I
Ho$ gmW Bg ggma go Hy$M H$a J`m & CgH$s _`w Ho$ g_` CgHo$ nmg
_m Mma `pV Wo Ama Cg H$s nyOr Hw$b Vrg n`m| Ho$ bJ^J Wr &
ho ~mXemh ! Bggo ~T>H$a hgaV Ama Bg go ~T>H$a H$Q>Xm`H$ H$moB
A` _`w hmo gH$Vr h ? {ZM` hr `h EH$ {ejmX KQ>Zm h Ama
npM_r Xoem| Ho$ {bE nQ> {ZemZ & AV: ~hV go g_mMma-nm| Zo Bg
~mV H$mo drH$ma {H$`m {H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$s ^{d`dmUr nyar hmo JB
h Ama do Eogm H$aZo na {dde Wo & CXmhaUV`m _ Hw$N> g_mMma-nm|
Ho$ Zm_ {bI XoVm h, "S>moZ{db JOQ>' A_arH$s g_mMma-n Bg KQ>Zm
H$s MMm H$aVo hE {bIVm h :""`{X Ah_X (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) Ama CZHo$
AZw`m`r Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ Omo Hw$N> _mh hE nyU hmo JB h
{ZVmV dN>Vm Ho$ gmW nyU hmoZo na Jd H$a| Vmo CZ na H$moB
Amamon Zht &'' (7 OyZ 1907 B.)
A_arH$m H$m g_mMma n ""Q>W grH$a'' {bIVm h :""Mb|O H$aZo dmbo H$s `j KQ>ZmE A{YH$ g_` VH$
Or{dV ahZo Ho$ {d Wt, naVw dh {dO`r hAm &''
AWmV hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$s Am`w S>moB go A{YH$ Wr Ama dh
Amn(A) Ho$ _wH$m~bo _| OdmZ Wm &
A_arH$m Ho$ ~moQ>Z eha H$m g_mMma n "hoaS>' {bIVm h :""S>moB H$s _`w Ho$ nMmV {hXVmZr Z~r H$s {VR>m {eIa
na nhM JB, `m|{H$ `m `h g` Zht {H$ Chm|Zo S>moB H$s
_`w H$s ^{d`dmUr H$s Wr {H$ `h CZHo$ AWmV _grh Ho$
272
OrdZ _| K{Q>V hmoJr Ama ~S>r hgaV Ama H$Q> Ho$ gmW
CgH$s _`w hmoJr & S>moB H$s Am`w ngR> df H$s Wr Ama
^{d`dmUr H$aZo dmbo H$s nMhma df H$s &''
BZ Hw$N> CaUm| go n[aUm_ {ZH$mbm Om gH$Vm h {H$ Bg
^{d`dmUr H$m ^md BgmB A{nVw ZmpVH$ g_mMma-nm| Ho$
gnmXH$m| Ho$ X`m| na {ZVmV Jham nS>m Wm Ama do CgHo$
AmMÒZH$ n[aUm_m| go Eogo ^m{dV hmo JE Wo {H$ Cg ^md H$mo
g_mMma-nm| _| H$Q> H$aZo go ^r Z {PPHo$ & AV: `h ~mV
{~Hw$b {ZpMV h {H$ O~ npM_r Xoedm{g`m| Ho$ gm_Zo `h {ZemZ
nyao Omoe go VwV {H$`m J`m Vmo AnZo ~r{g`m| ghY_u gnmXH$m|
H$s gm` H$s CnpW{V _| do Bg H$s gMmB H$m BH$ma Zht H$a
gH|$Jo Ama Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$aZo na {dde hm|Jo {H$ Bbm_ hr
gMm Y_ h & Bg_| doe {H$E {~Zm _Zw` _wpV mV Zht H$a
gH$Vm Ama AnZo mMrZ {dMma Ama AmWmE `mJ H$a do bmoJ
Bbm_ Ho$ drH$ma H$aZo VWm AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ama _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ na B_mZ bmZo _| Amn{m Zht H$a|Jo
A{nVw CgHo$ bjU A^r go Ama^ hmo JE h Ama A_arH$m _| Bg
g_` Xmo gm go A{YH$ bmoJ Ah_Xr hmo MwHo$ h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
nmMdt ^{d`dmUr
boIam_ Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dmUr Omo {hXVm{Z`m| Ho$ {bE
g~yV ~Zr
O~ _ Amn(A) H$s CZ ^{d`dm{U`m| _| go EH$ ^{d`dmUr H$m
dUZ H$aVm h Omo {hXVmZ dmbm| na Bbm_ H$s gMmB H$Q> H$aZo Ho$
{bE H$s JB Wt, {Ohm|Zo AnZo g_` na nyU hmoH$a bmIm| bmoJm| Ho$
X` {hbm {XE Ama Bbm_ H$s gMmB H$mo CZH$mo {Xb hr {Xb _|
drH$ma H$am {X`m Ama AZoH$m| bmoJ `j _| {ZaVa Bbm_ bm aho
h &
Bg ^{d`dmUr H$m {ddaU `h h {H$ Mmbrg-nMmg df go {hXAm|
273
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$m EH$ gXm` {ZH$bm h {Ogo Am` g_mO H$hVo h & Bg gXm` Zo
dV_mZ `wJ _| Bbm_ H$s XXem XoIH$a `h BamXm {H$`m h {H$
_wgb_mZm| H$mo {hX ~Zm`m OmE Ama Bg Co` Ho$ {bE h_oem Cg Ho$
Ym{_H$ ZoVm Bbm_ Ho$ {d A`V JXm Ama Abrb gm{h`
H$m{eV H$aVo ahVo h & BZ ZoVmAm| _| go gdm{YH$ Jm{b`m XoZo dmbm
Ama Amamon bJmZo dmbm EH$ `pV boIam_ Zm_H$ Wm & hOaV AH$Xg
Ab{hgbm_ Zo CgHo$ gmW ~hV ~ma ~mVMrV H$s Ama Cggo Bbm_
H$s gMmB H$mo _Zdm`m, naVw dh AnZr hR> _| ~T>Vm J`m Ama Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ H$s Am`Vm| Ho$ Eogo-Eogo JXo AZwdmX H$m{eV H$aVm ahm {H$ EH$
g` `pV Ho$ {bE CZH$m nT>Zm ^r H${R>Z h & Cg `pV Ho$ {ZH$Q>
Ogo ggma _| gdm{YH$ ~wam Ama XQ> dh Wm Omo g_V _mZd H$bmAm|
Ama H$mebm| H$m gJh Wm Ama gdm{YH$ {ZaWH$ {H$Vm~ dh Wr Omo
g_V kmZm| H$m OmZm h, naVw gy` H$m H$me EH$ amoJJV AmI H$s
pQ> H$mo AmKmV hr nhMmVm h & `hr pW{V CgH$s Wr & O~ ~hg
Zo {dVma $n YmaU {H$`m, `h `pV agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ gX^ _| Jmbr-JbmoO _| ~T>Vm hr Mbm J`m Ama hOaV
AH$Xg Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Ho$ g~Y _| Cnhmg H$aVm Ama H$hVm
ahm {H$ _wPo H$moB {ZemZ `m| Zht {XImVo, Vmo AVV: hOaV AH$Xg
Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ Zo CgHo$ g~Y _| Abmh VAmbm go XAm H$s
Ama Amn H$mo ~Vm`m J`m {H$ CgHo$ {bE `h {ZemZ h {H$ `h erK
V~mh {H$`m OmEJm & Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ H$m{eV H$aZo go nyd Amn(A)
Zo boIam_ go nyN>m {H$ `{X Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ H$m{eV H$aZo go Cgo
X:I nhMo Vmo Cgo H$Q> Z {H$`m OmE, naVw CgZo BgHo$ Cma _| {bIm
{H$ _wPo Amn H$s ^{d`dm{U`m| go H$moB ^` Zht h & Amn {ZgXoh
^{d`dmUr H$m{eV H$a| & My{H$ ^{d`dmUr _| g_` H$m {ZYmaU Zht
Wm Ama boIam_ g_`-{ZYmaU H$s _mJ H$aVm Wm & Amn(A) Zo Bg
^{d`dmUr Ho$ H$m{eV H$aZo _| Cg g_` VH$ {db~ {H$`m O~ VH$
Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go g_` kmV hmo OmE & AVV: Abmh
VAmbm H$s Amoa go `h gyMZm nmH$a {H$ 20, \$adar 1893 B. go boH$a
N>: df Ho$ AXa boIam_ na EH$ H$Q>Xm`H$ H$mon AmEJm {OgH$m
274
n[aUm_ _`w hmoJm `h ^{d`dmUr H$m{eV H$a Xr & gmW hr Aa~r
^mfm _| `h Bhm_ ^r H$m{eV {H$`m Omo boIam_ Ho$ g~Y _| Wm
AWmV
(BbwZ OgXZ bh wdma bh
Zg~wZ d AOm~wZ) AWmV `h `pV Jmoembm-E-gm{_ar H$s ^m{V EH$
~N>S>m h Omo `m| hr emoa _MmVm h A`Wm Bg_| Am`mp_H$ OrdZ H$m
Hw$N> Ae Zht & Cg na EH$ {dn{m AmEJr Ama H$mon AmEJm &
VnMmV AmnZo {bIm {H$ A~ _ g_V Ym{_H$ gXm`m| na H$Q>
H$aVm h {H$ `{X Bg `pV na N>: df H$s Ad{Y _| AmO H$s {V{W
go AWmV 20 \$adar 1893 B. go H$moB Eogm H$mon Zht CVam Omo
gmYmaU H$Q>m| go {d{M Ama {dbjU Ama AnZo AXa wXmB ^` aIVm
hmo Vmo g_Pmo {H$ _ wXm H$s Amoa go Zht &
Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ Hw$N> g_` nMmV AmnZo Xgar ^{d`dmUr
{Og_| Cg `pV H$s V~mhr Ho$ gX^ _| A{YH$ {ddaU Wm H$m{eV
H$s & CgHo$ eX ò Wo :Xm'dVwb A_ra
d ~eaZr a~r d H$mbm _w~peaZ

gVm'[a\$mo
`m_bBXo
dBXmo
AH$a~y
(d {_hm _m dAXZr a~r dpVOm~m XAmB \$s aOw{bZ
_wpg{XZ AXpdbmho d agy{bhr _wg_m boIam_ Ab{\$emdar d
A~aZr a~r BZh {_Zb hm{bH$sZ BZh H$mZm `gw~mo-Z{~`bmho
d `VH$b_mo \$s em{Zhr {~H${b_m{VZ ~rg{VZ \$XAmVmo Abho
d ~eaZr a~r {~_m{Vhr \$s {gmo gZ{VZ BZm \$s Om{bH$m
bAm`m{Vpbmm{b~rZ)
AWmV Abmh VAmbm Zo _wPo ew^ gXoe {X`m h {H$ Vy EH$ BX
275
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$m {XZ XoIoJm Ama dh {XZ BX Ho$ {XZ go {~Hw$b {_bm hAm hmoJm
Ama {\$a {bIm {H$ Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go _wP na Omo Hw$N> H$nmE
hB h CZ_| go EH$ `h h {H$ EH$ `pV boIam_ Ho$ g~Y _| CgZo
_oar XAm drH$ma H$a br h Ama _wPo gyMZm Xr h {H$ dh {hbmH$
(V~mh) hmo OmEJm & `h `pV agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$mo Jm{b`m {X`m H$aVm Wm & AV: _Zo CgHo$ {d XAm H$s &
_oao a~ Zo _wPo ~Vm`m {H$ `h N>: df H$s Ad{Y _| _a OmEJm &
Bg_| A{^bm{f`m| Ho$ {bE ~hV gr {Zem{Z`m h &
VXmonamV Ama A{YH$ {ddaU kmV hAm Ama dh Amn H$s {H$Vm~
"~aH$mVwAm' Ho$ Q>m`{Q>b noO na erfH$ Ho$ AVJV H$m{eV {H$`m J`m
{H$ ""boIam_ noemdar go g~Y _| EH$ Ama gyMZm'' Ama Cg_| `h
{bIm J`m {H$ ""AmO go 2 Ab gZ 1893 B. AZwgma 14, a_OmZ gZ
1310 {hOr ({XZ gmo_dma - boIH$) h mV: H$mb WmoS>r gr AY-{Zm
H$s pW{V _| _Zo XoIm {H$ _ EH$ {demb _H$mZ _| ~R>m hAm h Ama
Hw$N> {_ ^r _oao nmg CnpWV h, BVZo _| EH$ `pV, epVembr,
_hmH$m`, ^`mZH$ eb dmbm Ogo Cg Ho$ _wI _S>b go a$ Q>nH$Vm h
_oao gm_Zo AmH$a IS>m hmo J`m & _Zo pQ> CR>m H$a XoIm Vmo _wPo kmV
hAm {H$ dh EH$ ZB ~ZmdQ> Ama d^md H$m `pV h Ogo dh _Zw`
Zht A`{YH$ gVr Ama {ZVmV H$R>moaVm go H$m_ boZo dmbo \$[aVm| _|
go h, Cg H$m ^` X`m| na N>m`m hAm Wm Ama _ Cgo XoIVm hr Wm
{H$ CgZo _wP go nyN>m {H$ boIam_ H$hm h ? Ama EH$ A` H$m Zm_
{b`m {H$ dh H$hm h V~ _Zo Cg g_` g_Pm {H$ `h `pV boIam_
Ama Xgao `pV H$mo XS> XoZo Ho$ {bE {Z`wV {H$`m J`m h & 270
Ama _w~maH$ nwVH$ ""AmBZm H$_mbmVo Bbm_'' _| Amn(A) Zo
boIam_ Ho$ g~Y _| AnZr EH$ H${dVm _| `h nX H$m{eV {H$E :-
(AZwdmX :- ho nW-^R> Ama _yI ew gVH$ hmo Om Ama _wh_X
276
(g.A.d) H$s H$mQ>Zo dmbr Vbdma go S>a & ho _wh_X (g.A.d.) H$s
emZ VWm CgHo$ nQ> H$me Ho$ BH$mar gVH$ ah & `{n {H$ M_H$ma
A~ bwV hmo MwH$m h naVw Vy Am Ama _wh_X (g.A.d.) Ho$ Xmgm| _|
XoI bo & AZwdmXH$)
BZ g_V ^{d`dm{U`m| go nQ> hmoVm h {H$ Amn(A) H$mo {d{^Z
g_`m| _| gyMZm Xr JB Wr {H$ :(1) boIam_ na H$moB H$mon CVmam OmEJm {OgH$m n[aUm_ _`w
hmoJm &
(2) `h H$mon (AOm~) N>: df H$s Ad{Y _| AmEJm &
(3) `h H$mon {Og BX Ho$ gmW Ho$ {XZ AmEJm dh {XZ BX Ho$
{XZ go {~Hw$b {_bm hAm {XZ hmoJm AWmV BX go nhbo H$m {XZ `m
BX Ho$ ~mX H$m {XZ &
(4) boIam_ go dhr `dhma {H$`m OmEJm Omo Jmembm gm{_ar go
{H$`m J`m Wm Ama dh `dhma `h Wm {H$ Jmembm Ho$ Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o H$aHo$
Obm`m Ama X[a`m _| S>mb {X`m J`m Wm &
(5) CgH$s hbmH$V (V~mhr) Ho$ {bE EH$ `pV {OgH$s AmIm| go
a$ Q>nH$Vm Wm {Z`wV {H$`m J`m h &
(6) dh agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s Vbdma go
^_ hmoJm &
ò {ZemZ Ama bjU BVZo nQ> h {H$ BZ Ho$ dUZ Ama AW Ho$
g~Y _| Hw$N> ^r gXoh Zht ah OmVm & BZ ^{d`dm{U`m| H$mo nyao nmM
df JwOa JE Ama Hw$N> ^r Zht hAm & {_Om gm{h~ PyR>o {ZH$bo &
BXb{\$ Omo ewH$dma H$mo hB Wr Xgao {XZ e{Zdma H$mo Xmonha T>bZo Ho$
nMmV boIam_ {H$gr AkmV `pV Ho$ VoO IOa go Km`b {H$`m J`m
Ama a{ddma Ho$ {XZ _a J`m VWm Abmh VAmbm H$m H$bm_ AnZo
g_V {ddaU Ho$ gmW nyam hAm & Bhm_ _| Wm {H$ dh N>: df Ho$
AXa _aoJm, dh N>: df Ho$ AXa hr _a J`m & ~Vm`m J`m Wm {H$
CgH$s KQ>Zm BX Ho$ {XZ go {_bo hE {XZ H$mo hmoJr Ama _mo{_Zm| Ho$
{bE dh BX H$m {XZ hmoJm & AV: Eogm hr hAm {H$ dh BX Ho$ Xgao
hr {XZ Km`b {H$`m J`m Wm {H$ CgH$mo H$moB `pV {Og Ho$ Mohao go
Xm'dVwb A_ra
277
Xm'dVwb A_ra
a$ Q>nH$Vm hAm _mby_ hmoVm Wm, {hbmH$ (V~mh) H$aoJm & AV: Eogm
hr hAm & ~Vm`m J`m Wm {H$ CgH$mo _wh_X H$s Vbdma hr ~Y H$aoJr
AV: dh ~Y {H$`m J`m & gyMZm Xr JB Wr {H$ CgH$m hmb Jmembm
gm{_ar H$s ^m{V hmoJm & AV: {Og H$ma gm{_ar H$s Jmoembm Ho$
e{Zdma Ho$ {XZ Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o {H$E JWo Wo, dh ^r e{Zdma Ho$ {XZ hr
Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o {H$`m J`m Ama {Og H$ma Jmembm gm{_ar H$mo W_ Obm`m
J`m {\$a CgH$s amI X[a`m _| S>mbr JB Wr & Bgr H$ma boIam_ ^r
{hX hmoZo H$maU W_ Obm`m J`m Ama {\$a CgH$s amI X[a`m _| S>mbr
JB &
CgHo$ ~Y H$s KQ>ZmAm| H$m {ddaU `h ~Vm`m OmVm h {H$ EH$
`pV CgHo$ nmg Am`m {OgHo$ gX^ _| H$hm OmVm h {H$ CgH$s AmIm|
go aV Q>nH$Vm Wm & CgZo boIam_ go H$hm {H$ dh _wgb_mZ go {hX
hmoZm MmhVm h & boIam_ Zo bmoJm| Ho$ g_PmZo Ho$ ~mdOyX {H$ Cgo AnZo
nmg aIZm C{MV Zht CgH$mo AnZo nmg aIm & boIam_ H$mo Cg na
~hV {ddmg hmo J`m Wm & CgZo dhr {XZ CgH$mo Am` ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
{Z`wV {H$`m {Og {XZ dh Km`b {H$`m J`m, dh e{Zdma H$m {XZ Wm
Ama boIam_ Hw$N> {bI ahm Wm, CgZo Cg AkmV `pV go H$moB {H$Vm~
CR>mH$a XoZo Ho$ {bE H$hm & Bg na Cg `pV Zo AnZo T>J go Vmo `h
H$Q> {H$`m {H$ Ogo dh {H$Vm~ CR>m H$a bm ahm h, naVw {ZH$Q>
nhMVo hr CgZo boIam_ Ho$ noQ> _| IOa Km|n {X`m Ama {\$a Cgo H$B
~ma Kw_mH$a {hbm`m Vm{H$ AV{S>`m H$Q> OmE Ama {\$a dh `pV Ogm
{H$ boIam_ Ho$ n[aOZm| H$m ~`mZ h bwV hmo J`m & boIam_ _H$mZ Ho$
Xgao Vb na Wm Ama CgHo$ _H$mZ Ho$ ZrMo ma Ho$ nmg Cg g_` ~hV
go bmoJ EH$ Wo, naVw H$moB `pV Jdmhr Zht XoVm {H$ dh `pV
ZrMo CVam h & boIam_ H$s nZr Ama _m H$mo `hr {ddmg Wm {H$ dh
Ka _| hr h, naVw Cgr g_` bmoJm| Ho$ Vbme H$aZo na dh _H$mZ _|
Zht {_bm wXm OmZo H$hm bwV (Jm`~) hmo J`m & Vmo boIam_ A`V
X:I Ho$ H$mon go JV hmoH$a a{ddma H$mo Omo {~Hw$b dhr {XZ Wm Omo
AmnH$mo H$\$ _| {XIm`m J`m Wm {H$ EH$ ^`mZH$ `pV {Og Ho$ Mohao
go aV Q>nH$Vm h, boIam_ H$m nVm nyN>Vm h _a J`m Ama Abmh
278
VAmbm Ho$ nJ~a H$s gMmB Ho$ {bE EH$ {ZemZ R>ham VWm CZ bmoJm|
Ho$ {bE Omo _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ~aH$V
dmbo ApVd Ho$ {d Jm{b`m XoVo h {ejm Ama ZgrhV H$m H$maU
~Zm &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
N>R>r ^{d`dmUr
amOHw$_ma {Xbrn qgh Ho$ g~Y _| ^{d`dmUr Omo {gIm| Ho$
{bE g~yV hB
A~ _ CZ ^{d`dm{U`m| _| go EH$ ^{d`dmUr dUZ H$aVm h Omo
AnZo g_` na nyU hmoH$a {gIm| Ho$ {bE Bbm_ H$s gMmB Ama _grh
_mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$s gMmB Ho$ {bE _mU hB & O~ AJoOm| Zo
nOm~ H$mo {dO` {H$`m Vmo Xoe Ho$ {hVm| Ho$ AVJV amOm {Xbrn qgh
gm{h~ H$mo Omo nOm~ emgZ Ho$ Cmam{YH$mar Wo naVw A^r H$_ Am`w Ho$
Wo, AJoO BbS> bo JE & dh dht aho Ama Ch| dmng AmZo H$s
AZw_{V Zht Xr JB, `hm VH$ {H$ nOm~ na AJoOm| H$m nyU $n go
A{YH$ma hmo J`m & JXa Ho$ nMmV Xohbr H$m emgZ ^r ZQ> hmo J`m
VWm {H$gr ^r H$ma H$m Vam Z ahm Cg g_` amOm {Xbrn qgh
gm{h~ Zo nOm~ AmZo H$m BamXm {H$`m Ama gm_m`V`m `h {g hmo
J`m {H$ do AmZo dmbo h & hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$mo Bhm_ mam ~Vm`m
J`m {H$ dh Bg BamXo _| g\$b Zht hm|Jo & 272 AV: AmnZo ~hV go
bmoJm| H$mo {deofH$a {hXAm| H$mo Bg g~Y _| gyMZm Xo Xr, gmHo${VH$ Vma
na EH$ {dkmnZ ^r {bI {X`m {H$ ""EH$ Zd AmJVwH$ aBgo nOm~ H$mo
{dn{m H$m gm_Zm H$aZm hmoJm &'' 273 {Og g_` `h Bhm_ H$m{eV
{H$`m J`m, {H$gr H$mo {dMma Z Wm {H$ dh {hXVmZ AmZo go amoH$ {XE
OmEJo A{nVw `h gyMZm A`V J_ Wr {H$ dh gpZH$Q> {hXVmZ
nhMZo dmbo h, naVw Bgr Ad{Y _| gaH$ma H$mo kmV hAm {H$ amOm
{Xbrn qgh gm{h~ H$m {hXVmZ _| AmJ_Z gaH$mar {hVm| Ho$ {d
hmoJm `m|{H$ `m|-`m| CZ Ho$ AmJ_Z H$s gyMZm \$bVr OmVr Wr {gIm|
_| mMrZ [adm`V| VmOm hmoH$a CmoOZm CnZ hmoVr OmVr Wr Ama ^`
279
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Wm {H$ CZ Ho$ AmJ_Z na H$moB PJS>m hmo OmE & AV: AXZ VH$
nhMZo Ho$ nMmV dh amoH$ {XE JE Ama `h amoH$ {XE OmZo H$s gyMZm
Cg g_` kmV hB O~{H$ bmoJ `h g_P MwHo$ Wo {H$ A~ dh Hw$N> hr
{XZm| _| {hXVmZ _| doe H$aZo dmbo h & {gIm| H$s AmemAm| na nmZr
{\$a J`m, naVw Abmh AV`m_r Ama Vmnr H$m Vmn H$Q> hAm {H$
dh bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| H$mo Cg g_` nT> boVm h O~ do d` AnZo {dMmam|
go n[a{MV Zht hmoVo &
gmVdt ^{d`dmUr
VmD$Z (boJ) H$s ^{d`dmUr, {Og go {g {H$`m J`m
{H$ Abmh VAmbm gy_ go gy_ gmYZm| H$m dm_r h &
A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ama CgHo$ {ZH$Q>dVu Xoe Ho$ g~Y _| hOaV
AH$Xg(A) H$s ^{d`dm[U`m dUZ H$aZo Ho$ nMmV _Zo Mma
^{d`dm{U`m Eogr dUZ H$s h {OZ go VrZ Om{V`m| na hOV nyU H$s
JB h & A~ _ EH$ Eogr ^{d`dmUr dUZ H$aVm h, {Oggo g_V
{hXVmZ H$s g_V Om{V`m VWm CZ Ho$ _m`_ go g_V ggma na
hOV Wm{nV H$s JB h Ama Abmh VAmbm Zo `h {g {H$`m h {H$
dh gy_ go gy_ gmYZm| na A{YH$ma aIVm h VWm Ch| AnZo _m_ya
(Am{XQ>) Ho$ g_WZ _| bJmVm h & Bg H$ma H$s ^{d`dm{U`m ^r
hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo ~hV gr H$s h Omo AnZo-AnZo g_` na nyU hmo
MwH$s h Ama Hw$N> ^{d` _| nyU hm|Jr, naVw _ CZ _| go CXmhaU
d$n VmD$Z (boJ) H$s ^{d`dmUr H$mo boVm h {Og _| `h {deofVm
h {H$ CgH$s gyMZm agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo ^r Xr
Wr Ama \$a_m`m Wm {H$ `h amoJ _grh _mD$X(A) Ho$ g_` _|
\y$Q>oJm & 274
O~ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s ^{d`dmUr Ho$
AZwgma a_OmZ _mh H$s Voahdt (13dt) {V{W H$mo M JhU Ama
A>mBgdt {V{W H$mo gy`-JhU hAm Vmo Cg g_` hOaV AH$Xg
Ab{hgbm_ H$mo ~Vm`m J`m {H$ `{X bmoJm| Zo Bg {ZemZ go bm^ Z
280
CR>m`m Ama VwPo drH$ma Z {H$`m Vmo CZ na gm_m` $n go EH$ H$mon
CVaoJm & AV: Amn Ho$ eX ò h :Xm'dVwb A_ra
(d hm{gbwb H$bm_o AZb H$gy\$m dgy\$m Am`VmZo

_wpd\$VmZo d BOV_Am \$hdm VhXrXZ eXrXZ [_Zah_mZo d
BemaVwZ Bbm AZb AOm~m H$X VH$aam d CpH$Xm {_Zbmho {b
Ah{bb CXdmZ)
AWmV M Ama gy` JhU Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go Xmo ^`^rV
H$aZo dmbo {ZemZ h Ama O~ Bg H$ma BH$>o hmo OmE {Og H$ma A~
BH$>o hE h Vmo Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go MoVmdZr d$n VWm Bg
~mV H$s Amoa gHo$V hmoVo h {H$ H$mon {Z`wV hmo MwH$m h CZ bmoJm| Ho$
{bE Omo Cnd go Z hQ>| & VnMmV Abmh VAmbm Zo Bg ^{d`dmUr
H$mo nyU H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amn(A) Ho$ X` _| oaUm H$s {H$ Amn(A) EH$
gH$m_H$ amoJ Ho$ {bE XAm H$a| & AV: Amn AnZo EH$ Aa~r H$grXh
(H${dVm) _| Omo gZ 1894 B. H$m{eV hAm h \$a_mVo h :-
AWmV O~ ZQ> H$a XoZo dmbm nmn EH$ Vy\$mZ H$s ^m{V ~T> J`m
Vmo _Zo Abmh VAmbm go Mmhm {H$ H$me ! EH$ {dn{m nS>o Omo bmoJm|
H$mo ZQ> H$a Xo, `m|{H$ ~w{_mZm| Ho$ {ZH$Q> bmoJm| H$m _a OmZm Bggo
A{YH$ {MH$a Ama Cm_ g_Pm OmVm h {H$ dh V~mh H$a XoZo dmbr
nW-^Q>Vm (Jw_amhr) _| JV hmo OmE &
VnMmV gZ 1897 B. _| Amn(A) Zo AnZr {H$Vm~ ""{gamOo
_wZra'' _| {bIm {H$ Bg mH$gma H$mo Bhm_ hAm h (`m _grhb Ho$ AXdmZZ) AWmV ho Om Ho$
{bE _grh h_mao AZoH$m| amoJm| Ho$ {bE `mZ H$a & {\$a \$a_mVo h
281
Xm'dVwb A_ra
""XoImo `h {H$g `wJ H$s gyMZmE h Ama Z _mby_ {H$g g_` nyar
hm|Jr & EH$ dh g_` h {H$ XAm go _aVo h Ama Xgam dh g_` AmVm
h {H$ XAm go Or{dV hm|Jo &'' 278 {Og g_` `h ApV_ ^{d`dmUr
H$m{eV hB h Cg g_` VmD$Z Ho$db ~~B _| nS>r Wr Ama EH$ df
ah H$a H$ JB Wr Ama bmoJ gZ Wo {H$ S>mQ>am| Zo CgHo$ \$bZo H$mo
amoH$ {X`m h, naVw Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go gyMZmE BgHo$ {dnarV
H$h ah Wt, O~{H$ bmoJ Bg amoJ Ho$ AmH$_U H$mo EH$ AWm`r AmH$_U
{dMma H$a aho Wo & nOm~ _| _m EH$ Xmo Jmd _| `h amoJ ~hV WmoS>m
nm`m OmVm Wm, eof Hw$b mV gwa{jV Wm Ama ~~B H$s VmD$Z ^r
`jV`m X~r hB _mby_ hmoVr Wr & Cg g_` Amn(A) Zo EH$ Ama
KmofUm H$s Ama Cg_| ~Vm`m {H$ EH$ Amd`H$ ~mV h {OgHo$ {bIZo
na _oar ghmZw^y{V H$s ^mdZm Zo _wPo mogm{hV {H$`m h Ama _ ^br
^m{V OmZVm h {H$ Omo bmoJ Am`mp_H$Vm go AkmZ h CgH$mo hgr
Ama Cnhmg go XoI|Jo, naVw _oam H$m` h {H$ _ Bgo Om H$s
ghmZw^y{V _| H$Q> H$$ Ama dh `h h {H$ AmO 6, \$adar gZ 1898
B. {XZ a{ddma h _Zo dZ _| XoIm {H$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ \$[aVo
nOm~ Ho$ {d{^Z WmZm| _| H$mbo aJ Ho$ nmYo bJm aho h Ama do noS>
{ZVmV Hw$$n, H$mbo aJ Ho$, ^`mZH$ Ama N>moQ>o AmH$ma Ho$ h & _Zo Hw$N>
bJmZo dmbm| go nyN>m {H$ ò H$go noS> h ? Vmo Chm|Zo Cma {X`m {H$ ò
VmD$Z Ho$ noS> h Omo erK hr Xoe _| \$bZo dmbr h & _wP na `h ~mV
g{XY ahr {H$ CgZo `h H$hm {H$ AJbo df erVH$mb _| `h amoJ
\$boJm `m `h {H$ CgHo$ ~mX Ho$ erVH$mb _| \$boJm, naVw A`V
^`mZH$ ` Wm Omo _Zo XoIm & 279 _wPo Bg go nyd VmD$Z Ho$ g~Y _|
Bhm_ ^r hAm Ama dh `h h :(BZbmhm bm `wJpàmo _m {~H$m{_Z hmm `wJp`$ _m
{~A\w$go{h_ BZh AdbH$[a`Vm) AWmV O~ VH$ X`m| H$m nmn$nr
gH$m_H$ amoJ Xa Zht hmoJm V~ VH$ `j gH$m_H$ amoJ ^r Xa Zht
hmoJm & Bg BpVhma Ho$ AV _| Hw$N> \$magr H${dVm Ho$ nX ^r {bIo h
Omo ò h :-
Xm'dVwb A_ra
282
(AZwdmX :- (1) Omo dVw _ XoI ahm h `{X _oao n[aOZ ^r XoI
boVo Vmo do aV Ho$ Amgy Ama XZ H$aZo dmbr AmI Ho$ gmW ggma go
Vm~m H$a boVo &
(2) bmoJm| Ho$ XamMma Ho$ H$maU H$me_mZ gy` YwYbm hmo J`m h
Ama Abmh VAmbm Bg boJ H$mo bmoJm| H$mo S>amZo Ama ^`^rV H$aZo Ho$
{bE bm`m h &
(3) `{X Vy Cg ` H$mo XoIo Vmo b` H$m ` hmoJm CgHo$
{ZdmaU Ho$ {bE AN>o gXmMma Ho$ A{V[aV H$moB _m`_ Zht h &
(4) _Zo VwPo ghmZw^y{V Ho$ Vma na ~Vm`m h Vy EH$ ~ma gmoM
bo & ho Xj Ama MVwa ! ~w{ Vmo Bgr {XZ Ho$ {bE Xr JB h &)*
BZ ^{d`dm{U`m| go nQ> h {H$ AmnZo gZ 1894 B. go nyd EH$
^`H$a H$mon Ama {\$a nQ> eXm| _| gH$m_H$ amoJ H$r ^{d`dmUr H$s
Ama {\$a O~ {H$ {hXVmZ _| VmD$Z (boJ) H$Q> hr hB Wr {H$
AmnZo {deof Vma na nOm~ Ho$ {dZme H$s gyMZm Xr Ama AmZo dmbr
VmD$Z H$mo b` H$m $n ~Vm`m Ama \$a_m`m {H$ `h VmD$Z Cg g_`
VH$ Zht OmEJr O~ VH$ {H$ bmoJ X`m| H$m gwYma Z H$a|Jo &
VnMmV Omo Hw$N> hAm eX CgH$s AXm`Jr Zht H$a gH$Vo, VmD$Z
H$m ma^ `{n ~~B go hAm Wm Ama AZw_mZ MmhVm Wm {H$ BgH$m
H$mon dht A{YH$ hmoZm Mm{hE naVw dh Vmo nrN>o ah J`m Ama nOm~
_| VmD$Z Zo AnZm S>oam O_m {b`m VWm Bg H$R>moaVm go AmH$_U {H$`m
{H$ H$^r-H$^r EH$-EH$ gVmh _| Vrg-Vrg hOma bmoJm| H$s _`w hB
Ama EH$-EH$ df _| H$B-H$B bmI bmoJ _a JE & gH$S>m| S>mQ>a {Z`wV
{H$E JE Ama AZoH$m| H$ma Ho$ BbmO {ZH$mbo JE, naVw Hw$N> bm^ Z
hAm & {V df VmD$Z Ama A{YH$ doJ Ama H$R>moaVm Ho$ gmW
* VwV AZwdmX AZwdmXH$ H$s Amoa go {H$`m J`m h & (AZwdmXH$)
283
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AmH$_UH$mar hB VWm gaH$ma _wh XoIVr H$s XoIVr ah JB & ~hV go
bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| Zo _hgyg {H$`m {H$ `h H$mon (AOm~) _grh _mD$X Ho$
BH$ma Ho$ H$maU h Ama ghm| Zht A{nVw bmIm| bmoJm| Zo Bg H$monr
{ZemZ H$mo XoIH$a g` H$mo drH$ma {H$`m VWm Abmh VAmbm Ho$ _m_ya
na B_mZ bmE Ama Cg g_` VH$ VmD$Z H$s VrdVm _| H$_r Zht AmB
O~ VH$ Abmh VAmbm Zo AnZo _m_ya H$mo Z ~Vm`m {H$ VmD$Z Mbr
JB, ~wma ah J`m & VnMmV VmD$Z H$s VrdVm H$m Qy>Q>Zm Ama^ hmo
J`m Ama {ZaVa H$_ hmoVr Mbr JB, naVw Hw$N> Bhm_m| go Eogm {d{XV
hmoVm h {H$ Bg amoJ Ho$ A^r Hw$N> Ama AmH$_U hm|Jo & Bg Xoe _| ^r
Ama A` Xoem| _| ^r & Abmh VAmbm AnZo {Z~b ~Xm| H$mo AnZr
eaU _| aIo &
_oao {ZH$Q> `h ^{d`dmUr Eogr nQ> VWm _mo{_Z Ama H$m{\$a go
AnZr gMmB H$mo drH$ma H$amZo dmbr h {H$ BgHo$ nMmV ^r `{X H$moB
`pV XamJh H$aVm h Vmo CgH$s pW{V A`V X`Zr` h, {Og H$s
AmI| hm| dh XoI gH$Vm h {H$ :(1) VmD$Z H$s gyMZm EH$ XrK g_` nyd Xr JB Wr Ama CnMma
n{V _| H$moB Eogr n{V Am{dH$V Zht hB {Oggo BVZo XrK g_` nyd
amoJm| H$s gyMZm Xr Om gHo$ &
(2) VmD$Z Ho$ H$Q> hmoZo na `h ~Vm`m J`m Wm {H$ `h AWm`r
AmH$_U Zht h A{nVw {V df `h amoJ AmH$_U H$aVm Mbm OmEJm &
(3) `h ^r g_` go nyd ~Vm`m J`m Wm {H$ `h amoJ nOm~ _|
A`V Vrd hmoJm, AV: ~mX H$s KQ>ZmAm| Zo {g H$a {X`m {H$ `h
amoJ nOm~ _| hr g~ go A{YH$ \$bm Ama `hm hr gdm{YH$ _mV| hB &
(4) S>mQ>am| Zo {ZaVa ^{d`dm[U`m H$s {H$ A~ `h amoJ de _|
Am J`m h, naVw Amn(A) Zo ~Vm`m {H$ BgH$s VrdVm Cg g_` VH$
g_mV Z hmoJr O~ VH$ Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go BgH$m {ZXmZ Z
hmoJm & Eogm hr hAm {H$ BgH$m H$mon {ZaVa Zm df VH$ ~S>r
H$R>moaVm Ho$ gmW hmoVm ahm &
(5) AV _| Abmh VAmbm Zo d` X`m H$aHo$ CgH$s VrdVm H$mo
VmoS> XoZo H$m dmXm {H$`m Ama Amn(A) H$mo ~Vm`m J`m {H$ VmD$Z Mbr
284
JB, ~wma ah J`m & AV: Bg Bhm_ Ho$ ~mX VmD$Z H$s VrdVm Qy>Q>
JB Ama nOm~ _| ~wma H$m gV AmH$_U hAm {Og go bJ^J H$moB
Ka Imbr Zht ahm VWm gaH$mar [anmoQ>m] _| drH$ma {H$`m J`m {H$
~wma H$m `h AmH$_U AgmYmaU Wm &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AmR>dt ^{d`dmUr
_hmZ ^yH$n H$s ^{d`dmUr Omo g_V Y_mdbp~`m| na
g~yV hB, {Og go {g {H$`m J`m {H$ Abmh VAmbm
ndr H$s JhamB`m| na ^r dgm hr emgZ aIVm h Ogm
{H$ CgHo$ YamVb Ho$ D$na ahZo dmbr dVwAm| na
A~ _ EH$ ^{d`dmUr CZ ^{d`dm{U`m| _| go VwV H$aVm h
Omo Bg ~mV H$mo H$Q> H$aZo dmbr h {H$ Abmh VAmbm H$m A{YH$ma
ndr Ho$ AXa ^r dgm hr h Ogm {H$ ndr Ho$ D$na & `h
^{d`dmUr Cg _hmZ ^yH$n Ho$ g~Y _| h Omo nOm~ _| 4 Ab gZ
1905 B. H$mo Am`m & CgHo$ mam ^r g_V Y_mdbp~`m| na Bbm_
H$s gMmB Ama _grh _mD$X H$s gMmB Ho$ g~Y _| hOV Wm{nV
hB & Bg ^yH$n Ho$ g~Y _| hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_
Zo ò Bhm_ H$m{eV {H$E Wo & ""^yH$n H$m YH$m,
(A\${V{`mamo _{hbmohm d _H$m_mohm)''
AWmV EH$ ^`mZH$ ^yH$n AmEJm, {Oggo bmoJm| Ho$ Wm`r {Zdmg WmZ
^r ZQ> hmo OmEJo VWm AWm`r {Zdmg Ho$ Ho$n ^r ZQ> hmo OmEJo ò
Bhm_ {gb{gbm Ah_{X`m Ho$ AZoH$m| g_mMma nm| _| Cgr g_`
H$m{eV H$a {XE JE VWm CZ Bhm_m| H$m AnZo `j eXm| _| nyU
hmoZm H$nZm go Eogm A`m{eV Wm {H$ {dMma {H$`m J`m H$Xm{MV Bg
go A{^m` VmD$Z H$s VrdVm hmo, naVw Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {ZH$Q> Hw$N>
Ama hr {ZpMV Wm & H$mJS>o H$s dmbm _wIr nhmS>r Omo XrKH$mb go
{~Hw$b emV Mbr Am ahr Wr VWm {OgH$m dmbm CJbZm ^_-nyOH$
{hXAm| go EH$ Xodr mam ^|Q> boZo Ho$ A{V[aV A` {H$gr `mo` Zht
g_Pr OmVr Wr Ama {OgHo$ g~Y _| ^yJ^ {dkmZ Ho$ {deofkm| H$m
285
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{dMma Wm {H$ AnZr \w$Q>Z epV H$mo ZQ> H$a MwH$s h Ama Bggo
{H$gr {dZme H$s AmeH$m Zht ahr h VWm {OgHo$ Amg-nmg gH$S>m| df
nyd Ho$ {Z{_V ~S>o-~S>o ~h_y` _pXa {d_mZ Wo Ama hOmam| bmoJ {OZ
Ho$ XeZ Ho$ {bE OmVo ahVo Wo & Bg AmeH$m a{hV nhmS>r H$mo
epVembr Ama Vmnr ApVd H$s Amoa go AmXoe nhMm {H$ dh AnZo
AXa EH$ ZdrZ VrdVm CnZ H$ao VWm CgHo$ _m_ya H$s gMmB na
gm` Xo &
^yH$n Ho$ Bhm_ _| Ogm {H$ CgHo$ eXm| go {d{XV hmoVm h {H$
^yH$n Ho$ Eogo WmZ na g~ go A{YH$ {dZmeH$mar hmoZo H$s gyMZm Xr
JB h Ohm Eogo _H$mZ A{YH$ hm| Omo AWm`r {Zdmg Ho$ {bE hmoVo h
Ama Eogo _H$mZ `m Vmo Y_embmE Ama hmoQ>b hmoVo h `m H$n H$s
g{ZH$ ~aH|$ {OZ_| \$mO| AmVr OmVr ahVr h Ama Omo Wm`r {Zdmg Ho$
{bE Zht hmoVt & `h Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm {H$ Bhm_
(A\${V{`mamo _{hbmohm d _H$m_mohm) _|
(_{hbmohm) H$m eX
(_H$m_mohm) Ho$ eX go nyd aIZm
Cn`wV ~mV na ~b XoZo Ho$ {bE Zht h A{nVw Bg{bE h {H$ Bg nX
_| H${d (hOaV b~rX(a{O.) {~Z a~rAm Am{_ar) Zo A`mZwmg (VwH$)
H$s nm~Xr Ho$ H$maU eX _hb H$mo eX "_H$m_' go nhbo aIm h
`m|{H$ Abmh VAmbm H$mo hOaV b~rX(a{O.) H$m `h MaU Bhm_ Ho$
{bE MwZZo _| H$moB {ddeVm Zht Wr & dh BgHo$ WmZ na H$moB A`
B~maV CVma gH$Vm Wm `m My{H$ `h MaU AHo$bm hr Bhm_ {H$`m Wm,
`h {H$gr A` Bhm_r MaU Ho$ gmW gbZ Zht Wm {H$ Cg Ho$
AZwmg (VwH$~Xr) H$m `mZ hmoVm dh Cgr Ho$ eXm| H$mo AmJo-nrN>o H$a
gH$Vm Wm & AV: `h eX dmVd _| Bgr ~mV H$mo H$Q> H$aZo Ho$ {bE
H$m`_ aIo JE {H$ ^yH$n EH$ Eogo WmZ na AmEJm Ohm ~hV A{YH$
AWm`r {Zdmg H$s B_maV| ~Zr hB h Ama Ogm {H$ H$Q> h, Eogr
B_maV| N>md{Z`m|, ^_U Wbm|, XeZ Wbm| _| hr A{YH$ hmoVr h &
AVEd Eogo hr WmZm| _| go {H$gr EH$ _| ^yH$n Ho$ AmZo H$s gyMZm Xr
JB Wr &
BZ Bhm_m| Ho$ H$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ EH$ b~o g_` Ho$ nMmV O~{H$
286
{H$gr H$mo {dMma Ama AmeH$m ^r Z Wr H$mJS>o H$s Im_moe dmbm _wIr
nhmS>r J{V _| AmB Ama 4, Ab gZ 1908 B. Ho$ mV: H$mb O~{H$
bmoJ Z_mOm| go \$m[aJ hE hr Wo CgZo gH$S>m| _rb VH$ ndr H$mo {hbm
{X`m & H$mJS>m Ama CgHo$ _pXa Ama CgH$s Y_embmE ZQ> hmo JB,
AmR> _rb na Y_embm H$s N>mdZr Wr CgH$s ~aH|$ ndr Ho$ gmW {_b
JB Ama CZ H$mo{R>`m| H$s Omo Jr_-H$mb _| AJoOm| Ho$ {Zdmg hoVw Wt BQ>
go BQ> ~O JB & S>bhmOr Ama ~bmoh H$s N>md{Z`m| H$s B_maV| ^r
Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o hmo JB, A` eham| Ama XohmV H$mo ^r gV AmKmV nhMm
Ama ~rg hOma bmoJ Bg ^yH$n go _`w H$m {eH$ma hE & ^yJêmr
VY ah JE {H$ Bg ^yH$n H$m `m H$maU Wm, naVw do `m OmZVo
Wo {H$ Bg ^yH$n H$m H$maU hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$mo
PwR>bmZm Wm VWm BgH$m Co` bmoJm| H$mo CgHo$ Xmdo H$s Amoa `mZ
{XbmZm Wm & do BgH$m H$maU ndr Ho$ ZrMo ImoO aho Wo, naVw dmVd
_| BgH$m H$maU ndr Ho$ D$na Wm Ama H$mJS>o H$s emV dmbm_wIr
nhmS>r AnZo a~ H$m AmXoe nyam H$a ahr Wr & Bg ^yH$n Ho$ A{V[aV
AmnZo A` ~hV go ^yH$nm| H$s gyMZm Xr Omo AnZo g_` na AmE Ama
Hw$N> A^r AmEJo &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Zmdt ^{d`dmUr
_hmZ {dd`w H$s ^{d`dmUr Omo gnyU ggma Ho$ {bE
g~yV hB, {Oggo {g {H$`m J`m {H$ Abmh {Og H$ma
OS> nXmWm] Ama dZn{V`m| na emgZ H$aVm h Cgr H$ma
CZ bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| na ^r Omo emgZ Ho$ AhH$ma _| JV
hmoH$a d` H$mo wXm VAmbm H$s wXmB go ~mha g_PVo h
Zmdm CXmhaU _ CZ ^{d`dm{U`m| _| go MwZVm h Omo gnyU
ggma Ho$ {bE hOV hB Ama {OZ go {g {H$`m J`m {H$ Abmh
VAmbm H$s epV Ho$ A{YH$ma _| Cgr H$ma emgH$m| Ho$ X` ^r h
{Og H$ma {H$ OZ-gmYmaU Ho$ & Bgr H$ma _Zw` ^r Amkm H$m nmbZ
H$aVm h {Og H$ma A` gpQ> & `h ^{d`dmUr gZ 1905 B. _|
287
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$m{eV H$s JB Wr Ama Bg_| Cg _hmZ {dd`w H$s gyMZm Xr JB Wr
{OgZo {nN>bo Hw$N> df ggma Ho$ òH$ jo H$mo VY Ama `mHw$b H$a
aIm Wm VWm bmoJm| Ho$ hmoe CS>m {XE Wo Ama A~ ^r CgH$m ^md nyU
$n go g_mV Zht hAm A{nVw H$ht Z H$ht go CgH$s ApZ H$s dmbm
ga {ZH$mb hr boVr h &
_yb eX {OZ_| Bg `w H$s gyMZm Xr JB Wr EH$ _hmZ {dbd
H$s gyMZm XoVo Wo, naVw BgHo$ Omo bjU ~VmE JE Wo do H$Q> H$aVo Wo
{H$ ^yH$n Ho$ A{V[aV `h H$moB A` {dn{m h VWm A` Bhm_ ^r
Bg {dMma H$m g_WZ H$aVo Wo & AV: do Bhm_ {OZ_| Bg `w H$s
gyMZm Xr JB Wr ò h :-
(""VmOm {ZemZ, VmOm {ZemZ H$m YH$m, OObVwgmAVo - Hy$

AZ\w$gHw$_ ZOVmo bH$m Zwar Am`m{VZ d Zh{X_mo _m `m'_$Z Hw$b BXr ehmXVwp_Zbmho \$hb AVw_ _m{_ZyZ, H$\$Vmo AZ ~Zr
BmBb, BZm {\$aAmZm d hm_mZm d OwZyXh_m H$mZy m{VBZ, nQ>
{dO`, h_mar {dO`, 285
(BZr _Ab
AdmOo AmVrH$m ~VVZ) & `h Bhm_ ~ma-~ma hAm & ndV {Jam
Ama ^yH$n Am`m, 287 dmbm _wIr, 288
291
(_gm{bhb Aa~, _grb Aa~, A\${V{`mamo H${OH$ar, CarH$m

OObVgmAVo, `yarHw$_wbmhmo OObVgmAVo, {b_{Zb_wHw$b
`m_m {bbm{hb dm{h{Xb H$hhma &'')
AZwdmX :- b` H$m Z_yZm ^yH$n, AnZo mUm| H$mo ~MmAmo, _ Voao
288
{bE CVam, h_ Voao {bE ~hV go {ZemZ {XImEJo Ama Omo Hw$N> ggma
~Zm ahm h, CgH$mo dV H$a X|Jo & Vy H$h Xo {H$ _oao nmg Abmh H$s
Amoa go EH$ gm` h, `m Vw_ B_mZ bmAmoJo & _Zo ~Zr BmBb Ho$
H$Q> H$mo Xa H$a {X`m & {\$aAmZ, hm_mZ Ama CZ XmoZm| H$s goZmE
JbVr na h & nQ> {dO`, h_mar {dO`, _ goZmAm| Ho$ gmW Voao nmg
AmD$Jm Ama AMmZH$ AmD$Jm & ndV {Jam Ama ^yH$n Am`m, dmbm_wIr
ndV & Aa~m| Ho$ {bE Eogo _mJ {ZH$b|Jo {H$ CZ na MbZm CZ Ho$ {bE
bm^X hmoJm VWm Aa~ bmoJ AnZo Kam| go {ZH$b IS>o hm|Jo & Kam| H$mo
Bg H$ma CS>m {X`m OmEJm {Og H$ma _oar Vw{V dhm go {_Q> JB h &
Bg ^yH$n H$s Ama A{YH$ `m`m AmnZo AnZr EH$ H${dVm _| H$s
h {OgH$m gma `h h - `h ^yH$n Eogm Vrd hmoJm {H$ Cggo _Zw`m|,
XohmV Ama IoVm| na V~mhr Am OmEJr, EH$ `pV ZZ hmoZo H$s pW{V
_| ^yH$n H$s MnoQ> _| Am OmE Vmo Cg go `h Z hmo gHo$Jm {H$ H$nS>o
nhZ gHo$, `m{`m| H$mo Cggo {ZVmV H$Q> hmoJm Ama Hw$N> bmoJ CgHo$
^md go Xa-Xa VH$ ^Q>H$Vo {ZH$b OmEJo, ndr _| Jo nS> OmEJo,
aV H$s Zm{b`m ~h|Jr, ndVm| H$s Z{X`m aV go bmb hmo OmEJr,
g_V ggma na `h AmnXm AmEJr Ama g_V _Zw` ~S>o hm| `m N>moQ>o
Ama gmao emgZ Bg AmKmV go H$_Omoa hmo OmEJo Ama {deofH$a "Oma'
H$s pW{V A`{YH$ Iam~ hmo OmEJr, OmZdam| VH$ na Cg H$m ^md
nS>oJm VWm CZHo$ hmoe OmVo ah|Jo Ama do AnZr ~mo{b`m ^yb OmEJo &
BgHo$ A{V[aV AmnH$mo Bhm_ hAm {H$pV`m MbVr h Vm hm|
Hw$pV`m 294 ""bJa CR>m Xmo'' 295 Ama Amn(A) Zo `h ^r {bIm {H$
`h g~ Hw$N> gmobh df H$s Ad{Y _| hmoJm & nhbo Amn H$mo EH$
Bhm_ hAm Wm, {Og go kmV hmoVm Wm {H$ ^yH$n Amn Ho$ OrdZ _|
AmEJm, naVw {\$a Bhm_ mam `h XAm {gImB JB {H$ ho wXm ! _wPo
`h ^yH$n Z {XIm & AV: Eogm hr hAm {H$ `h `w gmobh df Ho$
AXa Vmo hAm naVw Amn Ho$ OrdZ _| Z hAm &
Ogm {H$ _ nyd _| {bI MwH$m h {H$ Bg ^{d`dmUr _| ^yH$n H$m
eX h, naVw Bggo A{^m` {dd-`w Wm & A~ _ CZ g~yVm| H$m
dUZ H$aVm h {OZ go kmV hmoVm h {H$ Bg ^{d`dmUr _| {dd-`w
Xm'dVwb A_ra
289
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$s hr gyMZm Xr JB Wr &

(1) ^yH$n H$m eX `w Ho$ {bE ^r `moJ {H$`m OmVm h A{nVw
òH$ MS> AmnXm Ho$ {bE & Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| ^r `h eX _hmZ `w
Ho$ AWm] _| `moJ hAm h & Abmh VAmbm gyah "AhOm~' _| \$a_mVm
h -
(BO OmD$Hw$_ {_Z \$mHo$Hw$_ d {_Z A\$bm {_Hw$_ d BO

OmJ{Vb Agmamo d ~bJ{Vb Hw$by~wb hZm{Oam d VOwZyZm
{~bm{hOwZyZm hZm{bH$Vw{b`b _m{_ZyZm d Owb{Oby {ObOmbZZ
eXrXZ) AWmV _aU H$amo Cg g_` H$mo O~ ew Vwhmao D$na H$s
Amoa go ^r Ama ZrMo H$s Amoa go ^r AmH$_UH$mar hAm Wm, AmI| {\$a
JB Wt Ama X` _wI _| Am JE Wo Ama Vw_ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g~Y
_| {^Z-{^Z H$ma Ho$ ^_ H$aZo bJ JE Wo & Bg Adga na _m{_Zm|
H$s narjm H$s JB Wr Ama do EH$ gV AmnXm _| \$g JE Wo & AV:
O~{H$ ^yH$n H$m eX òH$ AmnXm na ~mobm Om gH$Vm h Ama
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| `w Ho$ {bE `moJ hAm h & AV: ^{d`dmUr Ho$ eX
gmWH$ h `{X Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ AW ^yH$n H$s ~OmE Hw$N> Ama {H$E
OmE &
(2) O~ hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Zo Bg ^{d`dmUr H$mo
H$m{eV {H$`m Vmo Cg g_` `h ZmoQ> ^r {bI {X`m {H$ ""`{n `j
eX ^yH$n H$s Amoa hr gHo$V H$aVo h naVw g^d h {H$ `h gmYmaU
^yH$n Z hmo A{nVw H$moB A` MS> {dn{m hmo Omo b` H$m `
{XImE {Og H$m CXmhaU H$^r Bg `wJ Zo Z XoIm hmo VWm mUm| Ama
B_maVm| na gV V~mhr AmE &'' 297
AV: g_` go nyd Bhm_ dmbo H$m _pVH$ ^r Bg Amoa J`m Wm
{H$ AmM` Zht {H$ ^yH$n go A{^m` H$moB A` {dn{m hmo Ama `{n
{damo{Y`m| Zo Bg ~mV na {deof ~b {X`m {H$ Amn ^yH$n Ho$ eX Ho$
290
Hw$N> A` AW Z b|, naVw Amn(A) Zo {ZaVa CZ Ho$ Amamonm| Ho$ Cma
_| `hr {bIm {H$ O~{H$ wXmB _whmdam| _| AWm] H$s {^ZVm nmB OmVr
h Vmo _ Bg eX H$mo EH$ AW _| gr{_V Zht H$a gH$Vm &
^{d`dmUr H$s loR>Vm `h h {H$ A{YH$me Eogr {Zem{Z`m ~VmVr h
{OZH$m g_` go nyd ~VmZm _Zw` H$m H$m` Zht & {\$a dh g_` ^r
~VmVr h {H$ Bg KQ>Zm H$m CXmhaU nydH$mbrZ `wJ _| Zht {_boJm &
(3) ^{d`dmUr Ho$ eX d` ~Vm aho h {H$ Bg go A{^m`
^yH$n Zht hmo gH$Vm A{nVw H$moB AmnXm A{^m` h `m|{H$ :(H$) ^{d`dmUr _| ~Vm`m J`m h {H$ dh ^yH$n g_V ggma na
AmEJm Ama ^yH$n EH$ g_` na g_V ggma na Zht AmVo, A{nVw
nWH$-nWH$ jom| na AmVo h &
(I) ^{d`dmUr go kmV hmoVm h {H$ `h ^yH$n Ho$ jU `m{`m|
na H${R>Z hm|Jo Ama do _mJ ^yb OmEJo, O~{H$ ^yH$n H$m ^md
`m{`m| na Hw$N> ^r Zht hmoVm & ^yH$n CZ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE ^`mZH$
hmoVm h Omo Kam| Ama eham| _| ahZo dmbo hm| & dh {dn{m {Og go
`mr _mJ _yb OmE VWm dh ^Q>H$Vm {\$ao `w hr hmoVm h, `m|{H$ dh
`w H$s aoImAm| H$mo Mra H$a ~mha Zht Om gH$Vm VWm BYa-CYa
^mJm-^mJm {\$aVm h &
(J) ^{d`dmUr go {d{XV hmoVm h {H$ Bg ^yH$n H$m ^md IoVm|
Ama ~mJm| na ^r hmoJm & O~{H$ ^yH$nm| H$m ^md IoVm| Ama ~mJm| na
Zht hmoVm h & IoVm| Ama ~mJm| na `w H$m hr ^md hmoVm h, `m|{H$
XmoZm| Amoa H$s Vmonm| go do {~Hw$b ZQ> hmo OmVo h VWm H$^r Eogm hmoVm
h {H$ `w Ho$ {hVm| H$m `mZ aIH$a IoV Ama ~mJm| H$mo H$mQ> {X`m
OmVm h &
(K) ^{d`dmUr go _mby_ hmoVm h {H$ n{j`m| na ^r Bg ^yH$n
H$m ^md A`{YH$ hmoJm Ama do AnZr ~mo{b`m ^yb OmEJo VWm CZH$s
gdoXZ-epV jrU hmo OmEJr & ^yH$n H$m `j $n _| `h ^md
Zht hmoVm, `m|{H$ CgH$s J{V WmoS>o g_` VH$ ahVr h Ama `{X njr
dm`w _| CS> OmE Vmo Ch| BgH$m Ahgmg ^r Zht hmoVm, naVw `w _|
`h ~mV nmB OmVr h {H$ {XZ-amV H$s Jmobm~mar Ama noS>m| Ho$ H$Q> OmZo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
291
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ho$ H$maU OmZda Eogo jom| _| go m`: g_mV hmo OmVo h Ama CZH$s
gdoXZ-epV OmVr ahVr h &
(L>) ^yH$n Ho$ Bhm_m| _| EH$ dm` (H$\$Vmo AZ ~ZrBmBb) h {Og H$m AW `h h {H$ _Zo ~Zr
BmBb H$mo Cnd go ~Mm [b`m & `j ^yH$n go Bg ~mV H$m H$moB
g~Y Zht & Bg{bE BZ Bhm_m| go A{^m` H$moB Eogr hr KQ>Zm Wr,
{Og go ~ZrBmBb H$mo bm^ nhMoJm & `h _ AmJo dUZ H$$Jm {H$ `h
{dd`w H$s {ZemZr Wr Omo nyar hB & _ `h ^r ~VmD$Jm {H$ Bg
^{d`dmUr H$s MMm Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| ^r h &
(M) Bhm_ Ho$ eXm| go kmV hmoVm h {H$ `h `w h, `m|{H$
^yH$n Ho$ Bhm_m| _| ~Vm`m J`m h {H$ {\$aAmZ, hm_mZ Ama CZH$s
goZmE JbVr na Wt Ama `h kmV hmoVm h O_Zr Ho$ H$ga H$s Amoa
gHo$V h Omo d` H$mo Abmh VAmbm H$m {V{Z{Y ~VmVm Wm, {Og
H$ma {\$aAmZ AnZo g~Y _| H$hVm Wm {H$
(AZm
a~moHw$_wbAm'bm) Ama CgHo$ _r go A{^m` AmQ>o{b`m H$m amOm h
{OgH$m AnZm H$moB _hd Z Wm A{nVw O_Zr Ho$ dmabmS> Ho$ AmXoe Ama
gHo$V na MbVm Wm & `{X ^yH$n go A{^m` `j ^yH$n b| Vmo (BZm {\$aAmZm d hm_mZm d
OwZyXh_m H$mZy m{VBZ) H$m AW gPZm H${R>Z hmo OmVm h &
(N>) ^yH$n Ho$ BZ Bhm_m| Ho$ gmW
(BZr
_Ab AdmOo AmVrH$m ~VVZ) H$m Bhm_ ^r ~ma~ma hAm h,
{Og go kmV hmoVm h {H$ {H$gr `w hr H$s Amoa gHo$V h &
(O) Bhm_m| go kmV hmoVm h {H$ dmbm_wIr ndV \$Q>oJm Ama
CgHo$ gmW Aa~ Ho$ {hV g~ hm|Jo VWm do Kam| go {ZH$b IS>o hm|Jo &
`h boI `j ^yH$n na H$Xm{n M[aVmW Zht hmo gH$Vm & Bg go
nQ> Vma na kmV hmoVm h {H$ dmbm_wIr go A{^m` d^mdm| H$r dh
JwV CmoOZm h Omo {H$gr KQ>Zm Ho$ H$maU ^S>H$ OmEJr & Cg g_`
Aa~ bmoJ ^r XoI|Jo {H$ Mwn ahZm CZHo$ {hVm| Ho$ {dnarV h, AV: do
^r AnZo Kam| go {ZH$b IS>o hm|Jo VWm Bg Adga go bm^mpdV hm|Jo &
(m) Bhm_m| _| ~Vm`m J`m h {H$ Cg {XZ ~mXemhV Abmh
292
VAmbm Ho$ hmW _| hmoJr & Bggo ^r {d{XV hmoVm h {H$ gaH$ma| H$_Omoa
hmo OmEJr Ama Abmh VAmbm AnZm emgZ epVembr {ZemZm| go
Wm{nV H$aoJm &
(Q>) EH$ Bhm_ `h h {H$ "ndV {Jam Ama ^yH$n Am`m' & `h
~mV ~Mo VH$ OmZVo h {H$ ^m{VH$ ^yH$n ndV {JaZo Ho$ n[aUm_
d$n CnZ Zht hmoVo A{nVw ^yH$nm| Ho$ H$maU ndV {JaVo h & AV:
kmV hAm {H$ ndV {JaZo Ama ^yH$n AmZo go ^m{VH$ ^yH$n A{^m`
Zht A{nVw $nH$ Ho$ Vma na Hw$N> Ama A{^m` h Ama dh `hr {H$
H$moB ~S>r {dn{m AmEJr, {OgHo$ n[aUm_ d$n ggma _| ^yH$n AmEJm
Ama bmoJ nana `w H$aZo bJ|Jo &
(4) Bg ~mV H$m MmWm _mU {H$ ^yH$n go A{^m` H$moB Ama
AmnXm Wr `h h {H$ Cht {XZm| Ho$ A` Bhm_ ^r EH$ `w H$s Amoa
gHo$V H$aVo Wo, Ogo `h Bhm_ {H$ "bJa CR>m Xmo &' AWmV òH$
Om{V AnZo g_wr ~oS>m| H$mo AmXoe XoJr {H$ do ha g_` g_w _| OmZo Ho$
{bE V`ma ah| Ama Bgr H$ma `h Bhm_ {H$ - "{H$pV`m MbVr h
Vm hm| Hw$pV`m' AWmV ~S>r ~hVmV go OhmO BYa go CYa Ama CYa
go BYa {\$a|Jo Ama g_wr `w H$m Adga ImoO|Jo &
`h ~mV {g H$aZo Ho$ nMmV {H$ Bg ^{d`dmUr _| ^yH$n go
A{^m` {dd-`w h Omo {nN>bo {XZm| hAm h & A~ _ Bg ^{d`dmUr
Ho$ {d{^Z ^mJm| Ho$ g~Y _| dUZ H$aZm MmhVm h {H$ do {H$g H$ma
nyao hE & gdW_ Vmo `h XoIZm Mm{hE {H$ Bg ^{d`dmUr _| `h
~Vm`m J`m Wm {H$ Bg H$m Ama^ Bg H$ma hmoJm {H$ H$moB {dn{m
AmEJr, {OgHo$ n[aUm_d$n g_V ggma na ^yH$n AmEJm & AV:
Bgr H$ma Bg `w H$m Ama^ hAm & AmpQ>`m, hJar Ho$ amOHw$_ma Ama
nZr Ho$ H$b H$s {dn{m Bg `w Ho$ {N>S>Zo H$m H$maU hB Z {H$ amQ>m|
Ho$ amOZ{VH$ _VôX & Xgar ~mV Bg ^{d`dmUr _| `h ~VmB JB Wr
{H$ Bg _hmZ AmnXm H$m ^md g_V ggma na hmoJm & AV: `h ~mV
A`V H$me_mZ {Xdg Ho$ g_mZ nyar hB & Bg go nyd EH$ ^r {dn{m
Eogr Zht AmB {OgH$m ^md BVZr {dembVm Ho$ gmW gnyU ggma na
nS>m hmo & `yamon Vmo d` Bg `w H$m Ho$ hr Wm, E{e`m ^r Bg_|
Xm'dVwb A_ra
293
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{bV hAm, MrZ _| `w hAm, OmnmZ `w _| gp_{bV hAm, {hXVmZ
Bg `w _| em{_b hAm VWm O_Z OhmO Zo {hXVmZr VQ>m| na
AmH$_U {H$`m, BamZ _| AJoOr goZmAm| H$m VwH$m] go `w hAm VWm O_Z
H${_Za Ho$ gmW Bam{Z`m| H$m PJS>m hAm, BamH$, em_, bVrZ,
gmB~o[a`m _| `w hAm, A\$sH$m _| ^r Mmam| Amoa `w hAm, X{jUr
A\$sH$m H$s gaH$ma Zo X{jUr jo _| O_Z npM_r A\$sH$m na
AmH$_U {H$`m Ama d` X{jUr A\$sH$m _| {dmoh hAm, nydu A\$sH$m _|
O_Z Cn{Zdoe _| `w hAm, npM_r VQ> na H$_$Z _| `w hAm,
npM_r VQ> na doO Zha Ama Vam~bg go gbZ {_ H$s gr_m na
`w hAm, _bo{e`m Ho$ jo _| O_Z OhmO Zo AmH$_U {H$`m Ama
AVV: nH$S>m J`m, `y{JZr _| `w hAm, A_arH$m Ho$ VQ> na AJoOr
Ama O_Z ~oS>m| _| `w hAm VWm H$ZmS>m Ama g`wV `yamon `w _|
em{_b hAm Ama X{jUr A_arH$m Ho$ {d{^Z mVm| Zo ^r O_Zr Ho$
{d `w H$s KmofUm H$s & AVEd ggma H$m H$moB jo Zht Omo Bg
`w Ho$ ^md go gwa{jV ahm hmo &
EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ ndV Ama eha CS>mE OmEJo
Ama IoV ZQ> hm|Jo & AV: Eogm hr hAm & AZoH$m| nhm{S>`m Jmobm~mar
H$s A{YH$Vm Ama ~m$Xr gwaJo bJmZo go {~Hw$b ZQ> hmo JB Ama ~hV
go eha ~a~mX hmo JE, `hm VH$ {H$ O_Zr H$mo CZH$s nwZ: Am~mXr Ho$
{bE Aa~m| n`m XS>d$n XoZm nS>m h Bg Co` Ho$ {bE dh A~
VH$ j{Vny{V H$s am{e AXm H$a ahm h VWm IoVm| Ama ~mJm| H$s Omo
hm{Z hB h CZH$s Vmo H$moB gr_m hr Zht ahr & {Og Xoe H$s goZm
AmJo ~T>r CgZo Xgao Xoe Ho$ IoV Ama eha COmS> {XE VWm h[a`mbr
H$m Zm_ Ama {Mh VH$ Z N>moS>m & My{H$ ghm| _rb na VmonImZo H$m
\$bmd Wm, Bggo ^r BVZr hm{Z hB {OgH$m AZw_mZ Zht bJm`m Om
gH$Vm &
EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ OmZdam| Ho$ hmoe Ama gdoXZm CS>
OmEJr, AV: Eogm hr hAm & {OZ Xoem| _| `w hmo ahm Wm dhm Ho$
OmZda hV~w{ hmoH$a {_Q> JE &
EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ ndr AV-`V hmo OmEJr &
294
AV: \$mg, g{d`m, Ama $g Ho$ jom| _| Jmobm~mar H$s A{YH$Vm go
AZoH$m| WmZm| na BVZo ~S>o-~S>o JS>T>o nS> JE {H$ ZrMo go nmZr {ZH$b
Am`m Ama Bgr H$ma ImB`m| Ho$ `w H$s n{V na ~b XoZo Ho$ H$maU
Xoe H$m òH$ ^mJ ImoX {X`m J`m Ama Eogm hAm {H$ CZ Xoem| H$mo
XoI H$a `h Zht kmV hmoVm Wm {H$ `h Xoe H$^r Am~mX Wm A{nVw
Eogm {d{XV hmoVm Wm {H$ ^>m| H$r g_mV Z hmoZo dmbr lIbm h `m
nhmS>r Jw\$mE h &
EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ Z{X`m| Ho$ Ob aV go bmb hmo
OmEJo Ama aV H$s Z{X`m ~h|Jr & AV: {~Zm A{V`mopV Bgr H$ma
hAm & H$^r BVZm aVnmV hmoVm Wm {H$ Z{X`m| H$m Ob dmVd _|
_rbm|-_rb VH$ bmb hmo OmVm Wm & òH$ gr_m na BVZm `w hAm
{H$ H$hm Om gH$Vm h {H$ aV H$s Zm{b`m ~h nS>t &
EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ dh KS>r `m{`m| na ~S>r H${R>Z
hmoJr Ama Hw$N> CZ _| go _mJ ^ybo {\$a|Jo & AV: Eogm hr hAm & ndr
na goZmAm| Ho$ \$b OmZo go Ama g_w _| nSw>p~`m| Ho$ \$b OmZo go Ama
g_w _| nSw>p~`m| Ho$ AmH$_Um| go `m{`m| H$mo Omo H$Q> hAm CgH$m
AZw_mZ Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm & {Og g_` `w Ama^ hAm h Cg g_`
ghm|, bmIm| bmoJ ew-Xoem| _| {Ka JE Ama Hw$N> ghm| _rb H$m
MH$a bJm H$a Kam| H$mo nhMo & `w Ho$ _` ^r A{YH$me ~ma g{ZH$
{gnm{h`m| H$mo Hw$N> ew A{YH$V ~mYmAm| _| Mbo OmZo Ho$ H$maU gH$S>m|
_rb H$s `mm H$aHo$ OmZm nS>Vm Wm Ama AJoO {gnmhr \$mg _| `mr
hmoZo Ho$ H$maU _mJ ^yb OmVo Wo & AV: Bg H$ma H$s XKQ>ZmAm| H$s
A{YH$Vm Ho$ H$maU AVV: \|$M ^mfm _| CZH$s aO_oQ>m| B`m{X Ho$ Zm_
boQ>m| na {bIH$a CZH$s JXZm| _| bQ>H$mE JE Vm{H$ Ohm OmE dh boQ>|
{XIm H$a JV` na nhM gH|$ &
EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ `yamon Omo Hw$N> B_maV| ~Zm
ahm h do {_Q>m Xr OmEJr & AV: Eogm hr hAm & Bg `w Zo `j
B_maVm| Ho$ {JamZo Ho$ A{V[aV `yamo{n`Z g`Vm H$s ~w{Z`mXm| H$mo ^r
{hbm {X`m h Ama A~ dh Bg pW{V go {ZH$bZo Ho$ {bE ~hV Omoa
go hmW na _ma ahm h Omo d` CgHo$ hmWm| Zo V`ma {H$`m Wm,
Xm'dVwb A_ra
295
Xm'dVwb A_ra
naVw g\$b Zht hmoVm & {ZM` hr ggma XoI boJm {H$ `w go nyd
H$s `yamo{n`Z g`Vm A~ g\$b Zht ahoJr A{nVw CgHo$ WmZ na Eogo
ar{V-[admO O_ bo b|Jo {H$ n[aUm_ d$n Cgo Bbm_ H$s Amoa
`mZ XoZm nS>oJm VWm `h wXm H$s Amoa go maY hmo MwH$m h, H$moB
Bg ~mV H$mo amoH$ Zht gH$Vm &
EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB {H$ ~Zr BmBb H$mo Omo H$Q> nhM ahm
Wm Cg go dh ~Mm {bE OmEJo & AV: `h ~mV ^r ~S>o nQ> $n _|
nyar hB & Bgr `w Ho$ _` Ama Bgr `w Ho$ H$maU {_Q>a {~\$moa 299
Omo A~ bmS> {~\$moa h, Bg ~mV H$s KmofUm H$s {H$ `hXr Omo XoehrZ
{\$a aho h CZ H$m H$m_r Ka AWmV bVrZ CZH$mo Xo {X`m OmEJm
Ama g`wV amQ> Bg ~mV H$mo ^r AnZm b` ~ZmEJo {H$ Bg `w Ho$
nMmV Omo A`m` CZ go hmoVm Mbm Am`m h Xa H$a {X`m OmE &
AV: Bg AmdmgZ Ho$ AZwgma `w Ho$ nMmV bVrZ VwH$ emgZ go
nWH$ H$a {b`m J`m Ama `h{X`m| H$m H$m_r Ka R>ham {X`m J`m & A~
dhm emgZ Bg H$ma Mbm`m Om ahm h {H$gr {XZ dhm `h{X`m| H$m
H$m_r Ka ~Z gHo$ & Mmam| Ama go dhm `hXr EH$ {H$E Om aho h
Ama CZH$s dh nwamZr _mJ nyar H$a Xr JB h Omo do AnZo H$m_r Vma
na EH$ hmoZo Ho$ g~Y _| VwV H$aVo Mbo Am aho Wo &
Bg {ZemZr Ho$ g~Y _| EH$ {d{M ~mV `h h {H$ CgH$s Amoa
Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Zo ^r gHo$V {H$`m h & gyah: ~Zr BmBb _| AmVm h -
(d Hw$Zm {_~m{Xhr {b ~Zr BmBbHw$ZwbAOm \$ BOm OmAm

dm'Xb Am{aVo {OAZm {~Hw$_ b\$s\$Z) AWmV {\$aAmZ H$mo V~mh
H$aZo Ho$ nMmV h_Zo ~Zr BmBb go H$hm {H$ Bg ndr na ahmo &
{\$a O~ VnMmV AmZo dmbr ~mV Ho$ dmXo H$m g_` AmEJm Vmo h_
Cg g_` Vw_ g~ H$mo EH$ H$aHo$ bo AmEJo &
Hw$N> `m`mH$mam| Zo Bg "AbAO' (ndr) go A{^m` {_ {b`m
h VWm VnMmV AmZo dmbr ~mV Ho$ dmXo go A{^m` b` H$mo {b`m
296
h, naVw ò XmoZm| ~mV| C{MV Zht, `m|{H$ ~Zr BmBb H$mo {_ _|
ahZo H$s Amkm Zht, A{nVw n{d ^y-^mJ _| {Zdmg H$aZo H$s Amkm
{_br Wr Ama dhm hr do aho & Bgr H$ma
(dm'XbAm{ah) go ^r b` A{^m` Zht, `m|{H$ b` H$m g~Y
n{d ^y-^mJ _| ahZo Ho$ gmW Hw$N> ^r Zht, C{MV AW `h h {H$
n{d ^y-^mJ _| {Zdmg H$aZo H$s Amkm Xr JB h Ama {\$a `h H$h
H$a {H$ O~ "dm'XbAm{ah' AmEJm Vmo h_ {\$a Vwh| EH$ H$aHo$ bo
AmEJo & Bg ~mV H$m gHo$V {H$`m {H$ EH$ g_` Eogm AmEJm {H$ Vwh|
`h WmZ `mJZm nS>oJm, naVw "dm'XbAm{ah' Ho$ g_` AWmV _grh
_mD$X(A) Ho$ nwZ: AdVaU Ho$ g_` h_ Vwh| {\$a EH$ H$a Ho$ bo
(\$hb ~`mZ)'' _|
AmEJo & AV: ""V\$gra (`m`m)
{bIm h (dm'XbAm{a ZwOybmo Bgm
{_Zg_mE) Bgr gyah Ho$ W_ Hy$A _| Abmh VAmbm Zo `h{X`m| Ho$
g~Y _| Xmo `wJm| H$s MMm H$s h, {OZ _| go Xgao `wJ Ho$ g~Y _|
\$a_mVm h Xm'dVwb A_ra
(\$ BOm OmAm dm'XbAm{aVo {b`gyD$ dwOyhHw$_ d

{b`Xwbw_pOXm H$_m Xbyhmo Adbm _a{VZ d {b`wVp~$
_mAbm V~ram) &'' AV: O~ dm'Xb Am{ah Am J`m Vm{H$ Vwhmar
ebm| H$mo {~JmS> X| Ama {Og H$ma nhbr ~ma _pOX _| doe {H$`m
Wm, Bg ~ma ^r _pOX _| doe H$a| VWm {Og dVw na A{YH$ma nmE
Cgo ZQ> H$a X| & Bg Am`V go kmV hmoVm h {H$ VnMmV dmXo go
A{^m` dh `wJ h Omo _grh Ho$ nMmV `h{X`m| na AmEJm `m|{H$ Cg
"dm'Xb Am{ah' Ho$ nMmV EH$ {H$E OmZo H$s ~OmE `hXr AV`V H$a {XE JE Wo & Bg{bE _mZZm nS>Vm h {H$ Xgao WmZ na
"dm'Xb Am{ah' go _grh Ho$ nwZ: AdVaU Ho$ ~mX H$m `wJ A{^m`
h Ama
({OAZm {~Hw$_ b\$s\$m) go A{^m` `h{X`m|
H$m dh EH$ WmZ na EH$ hmoZm h Omo Bg g_` bVrZ _| {H$`m Om
297
Xm'dVwb A_ra
ahm h {H$ g_V ggma go EH$ H$aHo$ dhm bmH$a ~gmE Om aho h
Ama hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ Bhm_
(H$\$Vmo AZ ~Zr BmBb) go A{^m` Cg {damoY H$m Xa hmoZm h
Omo g`wV amQ> ~Zr BmBb (`hX) go aIVo Wo VWm CZ H$mo H$moB H$m_
Ka ~ZmZo H$s Amkm Zht XoVr Wr &
EH$ {ZemZr Bg `w Ho$ {bE `h {ZYm[aV H$s JB Wr {H$ `h `w
~hahmb gmobh df Ho$ AXa hmoJm & AV: Eogm hr hAm & gZ 1905
B. _| BgHo$ g~Y _| Bhm_ hE Ama gZ 1914 B. _| AWmV Zm df
nMmV `h `w ma^ hmo J`m &
Bg `w H$s EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ V_m_ ~oS>o Cg
g_` V`ma aIo OmEJo, Ama h_ XoIVo h {H$ Bg `w Ho$ _` `w _|
`V Om{V`m| Ho$ A{V[aV A` gaH$mam| H$mo ^r AnZo ~oS>o ha g_`
V`ma aIZo nS>Vo Wo Vm{H$ Eogm Z hmo {H$ {H$gr Om{V H$m ~oS>m CZHo$
g_w _| H$moB AZw{MV H$m` H$a ~R>o VWm CZH$mo `w _| AH$maU `waV
hmoZm nS>o VWm Bg Co` go ^r Vm{H$ AnZo A{YH$mam| H$s gwajm H$a| &
Bg `w H$s EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ OhmO nmZr _|
BYa-CYa MH$a bJmEJo Vm{H$ EH$ Xgao Ho$ gmW `w H$a| AWmV g_wr
V`m[a`m ^r ~S>o Omoa go hm|Jr Ama g_V g_wm| _| ZmH$mE ({H$pV`m)
MH$a bJmVr {\$a|Jr & AV: {OVZo OhmS> Bg `w _| `moJ hE Ama
g_wm| H$m {OVZm nham Bg `w _| {X`m J`m h Bg go nyd H$^r Bg
H$m CXmhaU Zht {_bVm {deofH$a N>moQ>o `w nmoV AWmV {dZmeH$mar Ama
nZSw>p~`m| Zo Bg `w _| BVZm ^mJ {b`m h {OVZm nhbo H$^r Zht
{b`m Wm Ama Bhm_ _| {H$pV`m| Ho$ eX go Bgr Amoa gHo$V {H$`m J`m
Wm {H$ Bg `w _| ~S>o OhmOm| H$s Anojm N>moQ>o OhmOm| go A{YH$ H$m_
{b`m OmEJm &
Bg AmnXm H$s EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ dh AMmZH$
AmEJr & AV: `h `w ^r Eogm AMmZH$ hAm {H$ bmoJ hamZ hmo JE
Ama ~S>o-~S>o Hy$Q>Zr{Vkm| Zo BH$ama {H$`m {H$ `{n do EH$ `w H$s
Vrjm H$a aho Wo, naVw BVZr erK CgHo$ \y$Q> nS>Zo H$s Ch| Amem Z
Wr & AmpQ>`m Ho$ amOHw$_ma Ama CgH$s nZr H$m H$b hmoZm Wm {H$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
298
g_V ggma ApZ _| Hy$X nS>m &

EH$ {ZemZr Bg `w H$s `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ Bg Ho$ _` Eogo
Adga {ZH$b|Jo {H$ Aa~ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE bm^X hm|Jo VWm Aa~ bmoJ BZ
Adgam| go bm^ CR>mEJo VWm g~ Ho$ g~ `w Ho$ {bE {ZH$b IS>o hm|Jo &
AV: Eogm hr hAm & VwH$m] Ho$ `w _| gp_{bV hmoZo na Aa~m| Zo XoIm
{H$ dh H$m_r dVVm H$s A{^bmfm Omo g{X`m| go CZHo$ X`m| _|
CnZ hmoH$a _a OmVr Wr, Cgo nyam H$aZo H$m Adga Am J`m h & do
g~ EH$ gmW VwH$m] Ho$ {d CR> IS>o hE Ama \$mO Ho$ ~mX \$mO Ho$
gmW VwH$m] Ho$ _wH$m~bo Ho$ {bE {ZH$b nS>o Ama AVV: dVVm mV
H$a br &
EH$ {ZemZr `h Wr {H$ {Og H$ma _oar MMm {_Q> JB h Cgr
H$ma Ka {_Q>m {XE OmEJo & AV: Eogm hr hAm & gdm{YH$ ^moJ{dbmg _| JV jo \$mg H$m nydu jo Wm, g_V `yamon H$mo _{Xam dht
go CnbY H$amB OmVr Wr VWm ^moJ-{dbmg Ho$ BNw>H$ gnyU npM_r
Xoem| go dhm EH$ hmoVo Wo & AV: Bg jo H$mo gdm{YH$ hm{Z CR>mZm
nS>r & {Og H$ma dhm go wXm H$s MMm {_Q> JB Wr dhm Ho$ Ka Ama
Xrdma| Bgr H$ma {_Q>m {XE JE &
EH$ {ZemZr `h ~VmB JB Wr {H$ h_mar {dO` hmoJr, AWmV {Og
gaH$ma Ho$ gmW _grh _mD$X(A) H$s O_mAV hmoJr Cgo {dO` mV
hmoJr & AV: Eogm hr hAm & Abmh VAmbm Zo _grh _mD$X H$s XAmAm|
Ho$ H$maU ~Vm{Z`m H$mo Bg ^`H$a {dn{m go _wpV XmZ H$s `{n
CgHo$ Hy$Q>Zr{Vk Vmo `h {dMma H$aVo hm|Jo {H$ CZH$s Zr{V`m| go `h
{dO` hB, naVw `{X KQ>ZmAm| na {dVmanydH$ EH$ pQ> S>mbr OmE Vmo
kmV hmoVm h {H$ AX^wV g`moJ AJoOm| H$s {dO` H$m H$maU hE h &
{Oggo nQ> hmoVm h {H$ `h {dO` AmH$mer` hVjon go hB h Z {H$
Ho$db _mZdr` Zr{V`m| go &
EH$ {ZemZr Omo AnZo AXa H$B {Zem{Z`m aIVr h `h ~VmB JB
Wr {H$ Bg `w _| "Oma' H$m hmb A`{YH$ Iam~ hmoJm & {Og g_`
`h ^{d`dmUr H$s JB Cg g_` H$s n[apW{V`m CgHo$ eXm| Ho$ nyam
hmoZo Ho$ {~Hw$b {dnarV Wt, naVw ^{d`dmUr nyar hB Ama òH$ Ho$
299
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{bE AmM` H$m H$maU ~Zr &

Bg ^{d`dmUr _| dmVd _| H$B ^{d`dm{U`m h & Bg_| ~Vm`m
J`m h {H$ Bg _hmZ AmnXm VH$ "Oma' H$mo H$moB hm{Z Zht nhMoJr &
O~ `h `w hmoJm, Cg g_` CgH$mo AmKmV nhMoJm, naVw AmKmV Bg
H$ma H$m Zht hmoJm {H$ dh _mam OmE, `m|{H$ Omo `pV _mam OmE
CgHo$ gX^ _| `h Zht H$hm OmVm {H$ Cg H$m hmb Oma (~ohmb) h &
AV: Bhm_ Ho$ eX ~VmVo h {H$ Cg g_` CgH$mo _mV Zht AmEJr
A{nVw dh A`V H$Q>Xm`H$ H$monm| _| JV hmoJm & {\$a `h ^r kmV
hmoVm h {H$ Bg AmnXm Ho$ gmW hr Omam| H$m AV hmo OmEJm, `m|{H$
Cg g_` H$m H$maU {H$gr `pV {deof H$mo Zht A{nVw Oma H$mo nX
H$s h{g`V go ~Vm`m J`m h & A~ Xo{IE {H$ `h {ZemZr {H$g emZ
Ho$ gmW nyar hB & Bg `w go nyd Oma Ho$ {d ~hV go fS>` {H$E
JE, naVw dh {~Hw$b gwa{jV ahm & VnMmV `h `w hAm Ama
Abmh VAmbm H$m ~Vm`m hAm g_` Am J`m Vmo dh Bg H$ma
AMmZH$ nH$S>m J`m {H$ g~ bmoJ AmM` _| h & Ogo {H$ n[apW{V`m|
go kmV hmoVm h, {Og g_` $g _| {dmoh \y$Q>m h Cg g_` $g H$m
"Oma' gr_m na goZm Ho$ {ZarjU Ho$ {bE J`m hAm Wm Ama O~ dh
amOYmZr go Mbm h Cg g_` H$moB Eogm Cnd Z Wm & VnMmV
JdZa H$s Hw$N> Jb{V`m| go CmoOZm CnZ hB, naVw gaH$mam| _| Bg
H$ma H$s CmoOZmE CnZ hmo hr OmVr h & BVZr T>Vm go Wm{nV
gaH$ma| Eogr CmoOZmAm| go VwaV Zht {_Q> OmVt, naVw Abmh VAmbm
Bg Adga na H$m` H$a ahm Wm & "Omao $g' Zo bmoJm| _| CmoOZm H$s
pW{V _mby_ H$aHo$ JdZa H$mo H$R>moaVm ~aVZo H$s Amkm Xo Xr, naVw
Bg ~ma H$R>moaVm Zo {XZM`m Ho$ {dnarV ^md {H$`m & bmoJm| H$s
CmoOZm Ama ^r A{YH$ hmo JB & ~mXemh Zo Cg JdZa H$mo n[ad{VV
H$aHo$ EH$ Ama JdZa {Z`wV H$a {X`m Ama d` amOYmZr H$s Amoa
Mbm Vm{H$ CgHo$ OmZo go bmoJm| H$s CmoOZm emV hmo OmE, naVw _mJ
_| Cgo gyMZm {_br {H$ bmoJm| H$s CmoOZm VrdVm na h Ama `h {H$
CgH$mo Bg g_` amOYmZr H$s Amoa Zht AmZm Mm{hE, naVw ~mXemh Zo
Bg nam_e H$mo H$moB _hd Zht {X`m Ama {dMma {H$`m {H$ CgH$s
300
CnpW{V _| H$moB Cnd Zht hmo gH$Vm Ama AmJo ~T>Vm J`m & Q>oZ
Hw$N> hr Xa AmJo JB Wr {H$ kmV hAm {H$ {dmoh hmo J`m h Ama
{dmo{h`mo Zo _r H$m`mb`m| na A{YH$ma H$a {b`m h Ama Xoer` gaH$ma
Wm{nV hmo JB h & `h g~ Hw$N> EH$ hr {XZ _| hmo J`m, AWmV 12,
_mM gZ 1817 B. H$s mV: go gm` H$mb VH$ ggma H$m g~ go _hmZ
Ama g~ go A{YH$ epVembr ~mXemh Omo d` H$mo "Oma' H$hVm Wm
AWmV {H$gr Ho$ emgZ H$mo Z _mZZo dmbm Ama g~ na emgZ H$aZo
dmbm & dh gaH$ma go {Zb{~V hmoH$a AnZr Om Ho$ AYrZ hmo J`m
Ama 15, _mM H$mo {dde hmoH$a Cgo AnZo hmW go `h KmofUm {bIZm
nS>m {H$ dh Ama CgH$s gVmZ $g H$s Jr go nWH$ hmoVo h & AV:
hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$s ^{d`dmUr Ho$ AZwgma Omam| Ho$ de Ho$ emgZ H$m
h_oem Ho$ {bE AV hmo J`m, naVw A^r Abmh Ho$ H$bm_ Ho$ Hw$N>
^mJm| H$m nyam hmoZm eof Wm & {ZH$mobg 303 {Vr` (Omao $g) `h
g_Pm Wm {H$ dh emgZ go {Zb{~V hmoH$a AnZo Ama AnZo nZr Ama
~Mm| Ho$ mU ~Mm boJm Ama Im_moer go AnZr `pVJV gn{m`m| H$s
Am` na {Zdmh H$a boJm, naVw CgH$m `h BamXm nyam Z hmo gH$m &
15, _mM H$mo dh gaH$ma go {Zb{~V hwAm Ama 21, _mM H$mo H$X H$aHo$
H$mgrbmo (Skosilo) ôO {X`m J`m Ama 22 _mM H$mo A_arH$m Zo Ama
24, _mM H$mo BJbS>, \$mg Ama BQ>br Zo {dmo{h`m| H$s gaH$ma H$mo
_m`Vm Xo Xr Ama Oma H$s g_V AmemAm| na nmZr {\$a J`m, CgZo
XoI {b`m {H$ Cg H$s {_ gaH$mam| Zo {OZ H$s ghm`Vm na Cgo
{ddmg Wm Ama {OZ Ho$ {bE dh O_Zr go `w H$a ahm Wm, EH$
gVmh Ho$ AXa-AXa CgH$s {dmohr Om H$s gaH$ma drH$ma H$a br
h VWm CgHo$ g_WZ _| H$_Omoa gr AmdmO ^r Zht CR>mB, naVw Bg
H$Q> go A{YH$ H$Q> CgHo$ {bE {ZpMV Wo Vm{H$ dh AnZr hmbVo Oma
(XXem) go Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$bm_ H$mo nyam H$ao & `{n dh ~Xr hmo
MwH$m Wm, naVw $g H$s gaH$ma H$s ~mJS>moa emhr de Ho$ EH$ gX`
amOHw$_ma {XbdmC (Dilvao) Ho$ hmW _| Wr {OgHo$ H$maU H$X _| CgHo$
gmW g_mZnyU `dhma hmo ahm Wm Ama dh AnZo n[adma g{hV
~mJ~mZr Ama Bgr H$ma Ho$ A` H$m`m] _| g_` JwOmaVm Wm, naVw
Xm'dVwb A_ra
301
Xm'dVwb A_ra
OwbmB _| Cg amOHw$_ma H$mo ^r nWH$ hmoZm nS>m Ama gaH$ma H$s ~mJS>moa
H$aZH$s 304 (Kerensky) Ho$ hmW _| Xr JB, {Oggo H$X H$s
H$R>moaVmE ~T> JB VWm{n _mZdr` gr_mAm| go AmJo Zht {ZH$br Wt &
naVw 7, Zd~a H$mo ~mobe{dH$ {dmoh Zo H$aZH$s H$s gaH$ma H$m ^r
AV H$a {X`m & A~ Oma H$s dh ^`mZH$ pW{V Ama^ hB {Ogo
gwZH$a nWa go nWa X` _Zw` ^s H$mn OmVm h & Oma H$mo
H$mogrbmo Ho$ amO_hb go {ZH$mb H$a {d{^Z WmZm| _| aIm J`m Ama
AVV: CZ A`mMmam| H$mo _aU H$amZo Ho$ {bE Omo dh gmB~o[a`m H$s
Oob Ho$ mam AnZr Aghm` Om na {H$`m H$aVm Wm, AH$sQ>o[aZ~J ôO
{X`m J`m & `h EH$ N>moQ>m gm eha h Omo `yamb ndV Ho$ nyd H$s Amoa
pWV h VWm _mH$mo go MmXh gm Mmbrg (1440) _rb H$s Xar na h
Ama Bg WmZ na do g~ _erZ| V`ma hmoVr h Omo gmB~o[a`m H$s ImZm|
_| Ohm $gr amOZ{VH$ H$Xr H$m` {H$`m H$aVo Wo `moJ H$s OmVr h
Ogo ha g_` CgHo$ gm_Zo CgHo$ H$_m] H$m `mam aIm ahVm Wm &
_m _mZ{gH$ `mVZmAm| na hr gVmof Zht {H$`m J`m A{nVw doQ>
Zo CgHo$ ImZ-nmZ _| ^r VJr Ama^ H$s Ama CgHo$ amoJr ~Mo H$mo
Ag` {gnmhr CgHo$ Ama CgH$s nZr Ho$ gm_Zo {ZVmV {Z__Vm go
_maVo Ama CgH$s nw{`m| H$mo A`V A`mMma Ho$ Vma na `mVZm XoVo,
naVw BZ A`mMmam| go CZ H$m X` R>S>m Z hmoVm Wm Ama ZdrZ go
ZdrZ Am{dH$ma H$aVo ahVo Wo & AVV: EH$ {XZ "OmarZm' H$mo gm_Zo
IS>m H$aHo$ Cg H$s ZmOdmZ nw{`m| Ho$ gmW ~bmH$ma {H$`m J`m Ama
O~ OmarZm AnZm _wI amoVo hE Xgar Amoa H$a boVr Vmo A`mMmar
{gnmhr gJrZo _ma H$a Cgo {dde H$aVo {H$ dh CYa _wI H$aHo$ XoIo
{OYa A`mMmar {ZX`r bmoJm| H$m g_yh _mZdVm go {Jar hB H$m`dm{h`m|
_| `V Wm & Oma Bgr H$ma Ho$ A`mMmam| H$mo XoIVm Ama Cg go
A{YH$ H$R>moaVmE ghZ H$aVm hAm {OVZr {H$ em`X H$^r {H$gr `pV
na Zht AmB hm|Jr 16, OwbmB; gZ 1918 B. Hw$b n[adma g{hV A`V
H$R>moa AOm~ Ho$ gmW H$b H$a {X`m J`m Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$ Z~r
H$s ~mV nyar hB {H$ :"Oma ^r hmoJm Vmo hmoJm Cg KS>r ~ hmbo Oma' 305
302
"Oma' XIm| Ama H$Q>m| H$mo ghZ H$aVm hAm _a J`m & `w g_mV
hmo J`m, H$ga Ama AmpQ>`m Ho$ ~mXemh AnZr gaH$mam| go nWH$ hmo JE,
eha COS> JE, ndV CS> JE, bmIm| bmoJ _mao JE, aV H$s Z{X`m ~h
JB, ggma CWb-nwWb hmo J`m, naVw IoX {H$ ggma A^r Abmh VAmbm
Ho$ nJ ~a H$s gMmB H$m _mU _mJ ahm h & Abmh VAmbm Ho$ ^S>ma
AOm~ go Imbr Zht {Og H$ma {H$ X`m go Imbr Zht, naVw _w~maH$ h
do Omo g_` na g_P OmVo h Ama Abmh VAmbm go bS>Zo H$s ~OmE
Cggo _r H$aZo Ho$ {bE XmS >Vo h Ama CgHo$ {ZemZm| go AYm| H$s ^m{V
Zht JwO a OmVo, Abmh VAmbm H$s CZ na H$nmE hmoVr h VWm CgH$s
~aH$Vm| go do ^mJ mV H$aVo h Ama ggma Ho$ {bE _w~maH$ hmo OmVo h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Xgdt ^{d`dmUr
H$m{X`mZ H$s CZ{V H$m {ZemZ
Bg g_` VH$ Vmo _Zo do {ZemZ dUZ {H$E h Omo `m Vmo Ho$db ^`
H$s pQ> go Wo `m XmoZm| pQ> H$moUm| go Wo & A~ _ VrZ Eogo {ZemZ
dUZ H$aVm h Omo Ho$db ew^ gXe
o H$m pQ>H$moU AnZo AXa aIVo h &
ò VrZ CXmhaU Omo _ dUZ H$$Jm ò ^r Eogo hr h {H$ AnZo gm_m`
$n Ho$ H$maU {_ Ama ew _| gm[aV h Ama òH$ Y_ Ama Om{V Ho$
bmoJm| _| go Bg Ho$ gmjr {_b gH$Vo h Ama Cg g_` go {H$ CZ H$m
kmZ Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go {X`m J`m, hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_
H$s {H$Vm~m| Ama S>m`[a`m| _| H$m{eV hmoVo Mbo AmE h &
gd W_ _ Cg ^{d`dmUr H$s MMm H$aVm hy Omo H$m{X`mZ H$s
CZ{V Ho$ g~Y _| h Ama dh `h h {H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$mo ~Vm`m
J`m {H$ H$m{X`mZ H$m Jmd CZ{V H$aVo-H$aVo EH$ ~hV ~S>m eha hmo
OmEJm, Ogo {H$ ~~B Ama H$bH$mm Ho$ eha h Ogo {H$ Zm-Xg bmI
H$s OZ g`m VH$ nhM OmEJm Ama CgH$s OZg`m Cma Ama nyd _|
\$bVo hE `mg VH$ nhM OmEJr 306 Omo H$m{X`mZ go Zm _rb H$s Xar
na ~hZo dmbr EH$ ZXr H$m Zm_ h & `h ^{d`dmUr O~ H$m{eV
303
Xm'dVwb A_ra
hB h Cg g_` H$m{X`mZ H$s pW{V `h Wr {H$ CgH$s OZg`m Xmo
hOma Ho$ bJ^J Wr & Hw$N> nHo$ _H$mZm| Ho$ A{V[aV eof g_V _H$mZ
H$Mo Wo & _H$mZm| H$m {H$am`m BVZm {Jam hAm Wm {H$ Mma-nmM AmZo
_m{gH$ na _H$mZ {H$amE na {_b OmVm Wm & _H$mZm| H$s O_rZ BVZr
gVr Wr {H$ Xg-~mah nE _| {Zdmg-`mo` _H$mZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
O_rZ {_b OmVr Wr, ~mOma H$s pW{V `h Wr {H$ Xmo-VrZ nE H$m
AmQ>m EH$ g_` _| Zht {_b gH$Vm Wm, `m|{H$ bmoJ O_tXma dJ Ho$ Wo
Ama d` AZmO nrg H$a amoQ>r nH$mVo Wo, {ejm Ho$ {bE EH$ gaH$mar
Hy$b Wm Omo mB_ar VH$ Wm VWm Cgr H$m {ejH$ Hw$N> doVZ boH$a
S>mH$ImZo H$m H$m` ^r H$a {X`m H$aVm Wm, S>mH$ gVmh _| Xmo ~ma
AmVr Wr, g_V B_maV| H$~o H$s Mma Xrdmar Ho$ AXa Wt Ama Bg
^{d`dmUr Ho$ nyam hmoZo Ho$ `j H$moB gmYZ Z Wo `m|{H$ H$m{X`mZ
aob go `mah _rb H$s Xar na pWV h Ama CgH$s gS>H$ {~Hw$b
H$Mr h Ama {OZ Xoem| _| aob hmo, CZ _| CgHo$ {H$Zmam| na Omo eha
pWV hm| Cht H$s OZg`m ~T>Vr h & H$m{X`mZ _| H$moB H$maImZm Z
Wm {H$ CgHo$ H$maU _OXam| H$s g`m Ho$ gmW eha H$s CZ{V hmo
OmE, H$moB gaH$ma H$m {d^mJ H$m{X`mZ _| Z Wm {H$ CgHo$ H$maU
H$m{X`mZ H$s CZ{V hmo, Z {Obo H$m WmZ Wm Z Vhgrb H$m `hm VH$
{H$ nw{bg MmH$s ^r Z Wr, H$m{X`mZ _| H$moB _S>r ^r Z Wr {OgHo$
H$maU `hm H$s Am~mXr CZ{V H$aVr & {Og g_` `h ^{d`dmUr H$s
JB h Cg g_` hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ AZw`m`r ^r Hw$N> gm go
A{YH$ Z Wo {H$ CZH$mo AmXoe XoH$a `hm ~gm`m OmVm Vmo eha ~T>
OmVm &
{ZgXoh H$hm Om gH$Vm h {H$ My{H$ Amn(A) Zo Xmdm {H$`m Wm,
Bg{bE Amem Wr {H$ Amn Ho$ AZw`m`r `hm AmH$a ~g OmEJo, naVw
W_ Vmo H$mZ H$h gH$Vm Wm {H$ BVZo AZw`m`r hmo OmEJo Omo H$m{X`mZ
H$s Am~mXr H$mo AmH$a ~T>m X|Jo, {Vr` BgH$m CXmhaU H$hm {_bVm h
{H$ AZw`m`r AnZo `dgm` N>moS> H$a nra (Jw$) Ho$ hr nmg Am ~R>|
Ama dht AnZm Ka ~Zm b| & hOaV _grh Zm{gar Ab{hgbm_ H$m
O_ WmZ Zm{gam A~ VH$ EH$ Jmd h, hOaV e ehm~wrZ
304
ghadXu, hOaV e ga{hXr, _wO[X A{b\$ gmZr, hOaV ~hmCrZ
gm{h~ Ze~X ah_Vwbmh Ab{h_ Omo gmYmaU H$~m| _| nXm hE `m
dhm OmH$a ~go CZHo$ O_ WmZ `m {Zdmg WmZ dgo Ho$ dgo hr aho,
CZ _| H$moB CZ{V Z hB `m `{X hB Vmo ~hV H$_, Omo h_oem CZ{V
Ho$ `wJ _| hmo OmVr h & eham| H$m ~T>Zm Vmo Eogm H${R>Z hmoVm h {H$
H$^r ~mXemh ^r `{X Am{WH$ pQ>H$moU H$mo `mZ _| Z aIVo hE eha
~gmVo h Vmo CZHo$ ~gmE hE eha CZ{V Zht H$aVo VWm Hw$N> g_`
nMmV COS> OmVo h Ama H$m{X`mZ dV_mZ Am{WH$ pQ>H$moU `mZ _|
aIVo hE A`V Iam~ WmZ na pWV h, Z Vmo aob Ho$ {H$Zmao na h
{H$ bmoJ `mnma Ho$ {bE AmH$a ~g OmE Ama Z aob go BVZr Xa h
{H$ bmoJ aob go Xa hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Cgr H$mo AnZm gm_m{OH$ Ho$ ~Zm
b| & AV: CgH$s OZ g`m H$m CZ{V nmZm `jV`m {~Hw$b Ag^d
Wm & AmM` OZH$ ~mV `h h {H$ H$m{X`mZ {H$gr ZXr `m Zha Ho$
{H$Zmao na ^r pWV Zht {H$ ò XmoZm| ~mV| ^r H$^r `mnma Ho$ ~T>mZo
Ama Cgo CZ{V Xo H$a H$~o H$s Am~mXr ~T>mZo _| ghm`H$ hmoVr h &
AV: {~Hw$b {dnarV n[apW{V`m| _| VWm {~Zm {H$gr `j gmYZm|
H$s CnbYVm Ho$ hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X(A) Zo ^{d`dmUr H$s {H$
H$m{X`mZ ~hV CZ{V H$a OmEJm & Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$ H$m{eV hmoZo Ho$
nMmV Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn H$s O_mAV H$mo ^r CZ{V XoZm Ama^ {H$`m
Ama gmW hr CZHo$ X`m| _| `h BN>m ^r CnZ H$aZm Ama^ H$a Xr {H$
do H $m{X`mZ AmH$a ~g| VWm bmoJm| Zo {~Zm {H$gr oaUm Ho$ eham| Ama H$~m|
H$mo N>mSo >H$a H $m{X`mZ _| ~gZm Ama^ H$a {X`m VWm CZHo$ gmW-gmW A`
bmoJm| Zo ^r `hm AmH$a ~gZm ma^ H$a {X`m & A^r Bg ^{d`dmUr Ho$
nyU $n go nyU hmoZo _| Vmo g_` h, naVw {Og gr_m VH$ `h ^{d`dmUr
nyU hmo MwH$s h dh ^r AmM` OZH$ h & Bg g_` H $m{X`mZ H$s OZg`m
Mma hOma AWmV XmoJZw r go ^r A{YH$ h & Mma Xrdmar Ho$ WmZ na _H$mZ
~Z H$a H$~o Zo ~mha H$s Amoa \$bZm Ama^ H$a {X`m h & Bg g_` H $~o
H$s nwamZr Am~mXr go bJ^J EH$ _rb VH$ ZB B_maV| ~Z MwH$s h Ama
~S>r-~S>r nH$s B_maV| Ama Iwbr gS>H$m| Zo EH$ N>mQo >o go H$~o H$mo EH$ eha
H$m WmZ Xo {X`m h, ~mOma A`V {demb hmo JE h Ama _Zw` O~ Mmho
Xm'dVwb A_ra
305
Xm'dVwb A_ra
ghm| H$m gm_mZ IarX gH$Vm h, EH$ mB_ar Hy$b Ho$ WmZ na Xmo hmB
Hy$b ~Z JE h, {OZ_| go EH$ {hXAm| H$m Hy$b h EH$ H$`mAm| H$m Hy$b
h Ama EH$ Ym{_H$ kmZm| H$m H$mboO h, S>mH$ImZm {Og_| gVmh _| Xmo ~ma
S>mH$ AmVr Wr Ama Hy$b H$m A`mnH$ doVZ boH$a CgH$m H$m_ H$a {X`m
H$aVm Wm, A~ Cg_| gmV-AmR> bmoJ {XZ â H$m` H$aVo h V~ H$ht H$m_
g_mV hmoVm h & Vma H$m ~Y hmo ahm h, EH$ gVmh _| Xmo ~ma {ZH$bZo
dmbm g_mMma n H$m{eV hmoVm h, Xmo gmVm{hH$ CX Ama EH$ gmVm{hH$
AJOo r g_mMma n H$m{eV hmoVo h EH$ AY _m{gH$ g_mMma n H$m{eV
hmoVm h Ama Xmo _m{gH$ n{H$mE H$m{eV hmoVr h, nmM og Omar h {OZ
_| go _erZ og h, ~hV gr {H$Vm~| {V df H$m{eV hmoVr h, ~S>-o ~S>o
eham| H$s S>mH$ BYa-CYa hmo OmE Vmo hmo OmE naVw H $m{X`mZ H$m Zm_ {bI
H$a n S>mb| Vmo grYm `ht nhM Vm h & AV: A`V {dnarV n[apW{V`m|
_| H $m{X`mZ Zo dh CZ{V H$s h {OgH$m CXmhaU ggma Ho$ {H$gr {H$Zmao na
Zht {_b gH$Vm & Am{WH$ Vma na eham| H$s CZ{V Ho$ {bE Omo {Z`_
{ZYm[aV h CZ g~ H$mo nrN>o N>mSo >Vo hE CgZo CZ{V mV H$aHo$ Abmh
VAmbm Ho$ H$bm_ H$s gMmB H$Q> H$s h {Og go do bmoJ Omo H $m{X`mZ H$s
nyd pW{V Ama CgHo$ WmZ H$mo OmZVo h Mmho do A` Y_m] Ho$ hr `m| Z
hm| Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$aZo na {dde hmo OmVo h {H$ {ZgXoh "`h
AgmYmaU g`moJ h' naVw IoX {H$ bmoJ `h Zht XoIVo {H$ `m g~
AgmYmaU g`moJ {_Om gm{h~ hr Ho$ hmW na EH$ hmo OmVo Wo &
`mahdt ^{d`dmUr
Am{WH$ ghm`Vm Ho$ g~Y _|
ew^ gXoem| dmbr ^{d`dm{U`m| _| go CXmhaU Ho$ Vma na {Vr`
Cg ^{d`dmUr H$mo VwV H$aVm h Omo AmnH$s Am{WH$ ghm`Vm go
g~{YV Wr `h ^{d`dmUr {d{M n[apW{V`m| Ama {d{M $n _| H$s
JB Wr Ama dmVd _| Amn(A) H$s _hmZ ^{d`dm{U`m| _| go `h gd
W_ ^{d`dmUr Wr & BgH$m {ddU `m| h {H$ EH$ ~ma Amn(A) Ho$
306
{nVmlr ~r_ma hE, Cg g_` VH$ Amn H$mo Bhm_ hmoZm Ama^ Zht hE
Wo & EH$ {XZ O~{H$ {nVmlr H$s ~r_mar `jV`m kmV hmoVm Wm {H$
OmVr ahr h Ho$db Hw$N> no[Me H$s {eH$m`V eof Wr & Amn H$mo g~ go
nhbm Bhm_
(dg_mE dmm[aH$) hAm & My{H$
"Vm[aH$' amV Ho$ AmZo dmbo H$mo H$hVo h, Bg{bE AmnZo g_P {b`m {H$
(Bg_| _`w Ho$ AmZo H$s gyMZm h) Ama AmO amV hmoZo na {nVmlr _`w
H$mo mV hmo OmEJo Ama `h Bhm_ _mV_nwgu Ho$ Vma ({H$gr Ho$ _aZo
na ghmZw^y{V H$Q> H$aZm) na h Omo Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn na
A`V H$nm pQ> go H$s h VWm AmZo dmbo H$Q> _| Amn H$mo gmdZm
XmZ H$s h & My{H$ Amn Ho$ de H$s ~hV go Am`-moV Amn(A) Ho$
{nVm lr Ho$ OrdZ VH$ hr Wo, `m|{H$ CZ H$mo noeZ Ama BZm_ {_bm
H$aVm Wm & Bgr H$ma A{YH$me gn{m ^r CZHo$ OrdZ VH$ hr CZHo$
nmg Wr & Bg{bE Bg Bhm_ na _mZd hmoZo Ho$ H$maU AmnHo$ X` _|
`h {dMma CnZ hAm {H$ O~ {nVmlr H$m {ZYZ hmo OmEJm Vmo h_mar
Am` Ho$ H$B _mJ ~X hmo OmEJo, gaH$mar noeZ Ama BZm_ ^r ~X hmo
OmEJm Ama gn{m H$m ^r A{YH$me ^mJ ^mJrXmam| Ho$ hmWm| _| Mbm
OmEJm & Bg {dMma H$m AmZm Wm {H$ VwaV Xgam Bhm_ hAm Omo EH$
~S>r ^{d`dmUr na AmYm[aV Wm Ama CgHo$ eX ò Wo {H$
(Abgbmhmo {~H$m{\$Z AXh) `m wXm
VAmbm AnZo ~Xo Ho$ {bE n`mV Z hmoJm & Bg Bhm_ _| My{H$ Abmh
VAmbm H$s Amoa go Amn(A) Ho$ âU-nmofU Ama Amn H$s Amd`H$VmAm|
Ho$ nyam H$aZo H$m dmXm Wm & AmnZo H$B {hXAm| Ama _wgb_mZm| H$mo
BgH$s gyMZm Xo Xr Vm{H$ do CgHo$ gmjr ah| Ama EH$ {hX gOZ H$mo
Omo A~ VH$ Or{dV h A_Vga ôOH$a Bg Bhm_ H$s _wha ~ZdmB &
Bg H$ma gH$S>m| `pV Bg Bhm_ go n[a{MV hmo JE & Bg Bhm_ H$s
dmV{dH$Vm H$mo Ama A{YH$ nQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE Abmh VAmbm Zo `h
~Y {H$`m {H$ Amn Ho$ de _| Hw$N> {ddmX hmo JE, & CZHo$ H$maU Amn
H$s gn{m go g~{YV Amn Ho$ de _| go hr ~hV go XmdoXma IS>o hmo
JE, Amn Ho$ ~S>o ^mB gn{m Ho$ ~YH$ Wo & CZH$m n[aOZm| go Hw$N>
_VôX hmo J`m & AmnZo CZ H$mo nam_e {X`m {H$ CZ go gX`dhma
Xm'dVwb A_ra
307
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$aZm Mm{hE, naVw Chm|Zo Amn Ho$ nam_e H$mo drH$ma Z {H$`m &
AVV: AXmbV VH$ Zm~V nhMr Ama Chm|Zo Amn go XAm Ho$ {bE
H$hm & Amn Zo XAm H$s Vmo kmV hAm {H$ ^mJrXma OrV|Jo Ama Amn Ho$
^mB gm{h~ hma|Jo & AV: Bgr H$ma hAm & gn{m H$m Xmo {VhmB go
A{YH$ ^mJ ^mJrXmam| H$mo {X`m J`m Ama AmnHo$ ^mB gm{h~ Ama AmnHo$
^mJ _| A`V WmoS>m ^mJ Am`m & `{n `h gn{m Omo Amn Ho$ ^mJ
_| AmB Amn H$s Amd`H$VmAm| Ho$ {bE Vmo n`mV Wr, naVw Omo H$m`
Amn H$aZo dmbo Wo CgHo$ {bE `h Am` n`mV Z Wr & Cg g_`
Bbm_ Ho$ Mma Ho$ {bE Cg _hmZ {H$Vm~ H$s V`mar _| `V Wo
{OgH$m Zm_ "~amhrZ Ah_{X`m' h Ama {OgHo$ {bE {Z{MV Wm {H$
Ym{_H$ ggma _| hbMb _Mm Xo Ama Bg {H$Vm~ Ho$ H$m{eV hmoZo Ho$
{bE A{YH$ am{e H$s Amd`H$Vm Wr & Bg {Zamem H$s pW{V _|
Abmh VAmbm Zo Amem Ho$ ma Imob {XE Ama Eogo bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _|
oaUm CnZ H$a Xr Omo Y_ go gm_m`V`m g~Y Zht aIVo VWm Bg
{H$Vm~ H$mo H$m{eV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gm_mZ CnbY H$am {X`m, naVw Bg
{H$Vm~ Ho$ Mma ^mJ hr A^r H$m{eV hE Wo {H$ IM Ama ^r ~T>
JE, `m|{H$ {Og Amoa go Amn(A) AmH$_U H$m _wI \o$aZm MmhVo Wo CYa
go _wI {\$a J`m, naVw d` Amn Ho$ {d bmoJm| _| Omoe CnZ hmo
J`m & `m {hX, `m BgmB Ama `m {gI gOZ g~ {_bH$a Amn
na AmH$_UH$mar hE Ama Amn Ho$ Bhm_m| na Cnhmg Ama^ H$a {X`m &
CZ H$m Co` Vmo `h Wm {H$ CZ Bhm_m| H$s loR>Vm H$mo AmKmV nhMo
Vmo dh ^md Omo Amn H$s {H$Vm~m| go bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| na nS>m h {_Q>
OmE Ama Bbm_ Ho$ _wH$m~bo na CZH$mo namO` hmo, naVw _wgb_mZm| _|
go ^r Hw$N> B`mbw Amn(A) Ho$ {damoY na IS>o hmo JE Ama Ogo EH$ hr
g_` _| Mmam| Ama go AmH$_U Ama^ hmo J`m & Bg ~mV H$m
gabVmnydH$ AZw_mZ bJm`m Om gH$Vm h {H$ {Og `pV na AnZo Ama
namE AmH$_UH$mar hmo OmE, CgHo$ {bE H$gr H${R>ZmB`m| H$m gm_Zm
hmoVm h & AV: bmoJm| Ho$ Amamonm| H$m Cma XoZo Ama Bbm_ H$s {VR>m
H$mo H$m`_ aIZo Ho$ {bE A`{YH$ YZ H$s Amd`H$Vm hB Ama Abmh
VAmbm Zo CgH$m ^r ~Y H$a {X`m & VnMmV Vrgam n[adVZ Ama^
308
hAm & AWmV Abmh VAmbm Zo Amn H$mo ~Vm`m {H$ Amn hr _grh
_mD$X h Ama nhbo _grh H$s _`w hmo MwH$s h & Bg Xmdo na do bmoJ
^r Omo Bg g_` VH$ Amn(A) Ho$ gmW Wo nWH$ hmo JE Ama Hw$b Mmbrg
bmoJm| Zo Amn H$s ~AV H$s & Cg g_` Ogo g_V ggma go `w Ama^
hmo J`m VWm Omo bmoJ nhbo ghm`H$ Wo Chm|Zo ^r {damoY _| AnZr
epV bJmZm Ama^ H$a {X`m & A~ Vmo IM} AZw_mZ go A{YH$ ~T>Zo
bJo & EH$ Vmo {damo{Y`m| Ho$ Amamonm| Ho$ Cma H$m{eV H$aZm, Xgao AnZo
Xmdo H$mo bmoJm| Ho$ gm_Zo VwV H$aZm Ama CgHo$ g~yV XoZm, Vrgao
N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o {dkmnZm| H$m {dVaU H$aZm Vm{H$ gnyU Xoe H$mo Amn Ho$ Xmdo
go AdJV hmo OmE & `hr `` A{YH$ Wo, naVw Abmh VAmbm Zo
AnZr Hw$XaV Ho$ H$Q>Z Ho$ {bE Ama `` Ho$ ma ^r Imob {XE AWmV
Amn H$mo AmXoe {X`m J`m {H$ Amn H$m{X`mZ _| A{V{W-{Zdmg (_oh_mZ
mZm) {Z{_V H$a| Ama bmoJm| _| KmofUm H$a| {H$ do H$m{X`mZ AmH$a
AmnHo$ _oh_mZ hAm H$a| VWm Ym{_H$ OmZH$m[a`m| _| ~T>moVar {H$`m H$a|
`m `{X H$moB gXoh hm| Vmo CZ H$m {ZdmaU {H$`m H$a| & g~ ghm`H$m|
H$m nWH$ hmo OmZm H$meZ-H$m` H$m A{V[aV hmo OmZm, Cg na A{YH$
^ma A{V{W-{Zdmg H$m {Z_mU Ama A{V{W-gH$ma H$m `` Eogr
H${R>ZmB`m| Ho$ CnZ H$aZo H$m H$maU hmo gH$Vm Wm {H$ gmam H$m`
AV-`V hmo OmVm, naVw Abmh VAmbm Zo BZ Hw$N> XOZ bmoJm| Ho$
X` _| Omo Amn Ho$ gmW Wo Ama {OZ _| go H$moB `pV ^r YZdmZ
Zht H$hbm gH$Vm Wm VWm A{YH$me {ZYZ bmoJ Wo Eogo {eQ>mMma
CnZ H$a {XE {H$ Chm|Zo ha H$ma H$m H$Q> ghZ {H$`m, naVw
Ym{_H$ H$m`m] _| H$_r Zht AmZo Xr Ama dmVd _| `h CZH$m gmhg
H$m` Zht H$a ahm Wm A{nVw Abmh VAmbm H$m dmXm Abgbmhmo
{~H$m{\$Z AXh H$m_ H$a ahm Wm &
`h dh `wJ Wm O~{H$ O_mAV Ah_{X`m na Mmam| Amoa go
H$R>moaVm H$s OmVr Wr, _mb{d`m| Zo \$dm Xo {X`m {H$ Ah_{X`m| H$mo
H$b H$a XoZm, CZHo$ Kam| H$mo byQ> boZm, CZH$s gn{m`m| H$m N>rZ
boZm, CZH$s p`m| H$m {~Zm VbmH$ Xgao WmZ na {ZH$mh H$a XoZm
dY hr Zht nw` H$m H$maU h & CS> Ama ~X_me bmoJm| Zo Omo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
309
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AnZo bmo^ Ama bmbM H$mo H$Q> H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~hmZo Vbme H$aVo
ahVo h, Bg \$do H$mo H$m`mpdV H$aZm Ama^ H$a {X`m, Ah_Xr Kam|
go {ZH$mbo Ama godmAm| (ZmH$[a`m|) go {Zb{~V {H$E Om aho Wo, CZH$s
gn{m`m| na ~bmV H$Om {H$`m Om ahm Wm Ama H$B bmoJ BZ PPQ>m|
go _wpV H$m H$moB Cnm` Z nmH$a nbm`Z H$aZo na {dde hmo JE Wo,
Ama My{H$ nbm`Z H$m WmZ CZHo$ {bE H$m{X`mZ hr Wm & CZHo$
H$m{X`mZ AmZo na A{V{W-gH$ma H$m `` Ama ^r ~T> J`m Wm, Cg
g_` O_mAV EH$ Xmo hOma bmoJm| VH$ CZ{V H$a MwH$s Wr, naVw
CZ _| go òH$ ewAm| Ho$ AmH$_Um| H$m {eH$ma hmo ahm Wm & EH$
Xmo hOma bmoJ Omo ha g_` AnZo mU, AnZo g_mZ, AnZr gn{m
VWm AnZo _mb H$s gwajm H$s {MVm _| bJo hE hm| VWm amV-{XZ
bmoJm| Ho$ gmW _w~m{hgm| (emmWm]) Ama PJS>m| _| `V hm| CZH$m
g_V ggma _| Bbm_ Ho$ Mma Ho$ {bE n`m CnbY H$amZm VWm
Y_ grIZo Ho$ Co` go H$m{X`mZ AmZo dmbm| Ho$ A{V{W gH$ma H$m
^ma CR>mZm Ama {\$a AnZo gVmE hE dmgr ^mB`m| Ho$ ``m| H$mo
ghZ H$aZm EH$ AmMÒZH$ ~mV h, gH$S>m| bmoJ XmoZm| g_` O_mAV
Ho$ XVa dmZ (MmXa {Og na ^moOZ bJm`m OmVm h) na ^moOZ
H$aVo Wo Ama Hw$N> Jar~m| H$s A` Amd`H$VmAm| H$m ^r ~Y H$aZm
nS>Vm Wm & nbm`Z H$aHo$ AmZo dmbm| H$s A{YH$Vm Ama _oh_mZm| H$s
~hVmV go _oh_mZ ImZo Ho$ A{V[aV òH$ Ka _oh_mZImZm ~Zm
hAm Wm & hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ Ka H$m òH$ H$_am
EH$ Wm`r _H$mZ Wm, {Og_| H$moB Z H$moB A{V{W `m dmgr ImZXmZ
ahVm Wm & AV: ^ma _mZd-ghZ epV go ~hV A{YH$ Wm & òH$
gw~h O~ hmoVr Vmo AnZo gmW VmOm AmO_mè Ama ZE Xm{`d bmVr
Ama òH$ em_ Omo AmVr AnZo gmW VmOm AmO_mè Ama ZE
Xm{`d bmVr, naVw Abgbmhmo {~H$m{\$Z AXh H$s erVb dm`w
{MVmAm| H$mo {VZH$m| H$s ^m{V CS>m H$a \|$H$ XoVr Ama do ~mXb Omo
Ama^ _| {gb{gbo H$s B_maV H$s ~w{Z`mXm| H$mo CImS> H$a \|$H$ XoZo
H$s Y_H$s XoVo Wo WmoS>r hr Xoa _| X`m Ama H$nm Ho$ ~mXb Am OmVo
VWm CZH$s EH$-EH$ ~yX Ho$ {JaVo g_` Abgbmhmo {~H$m{\$Z
310
AXh H$m CgmhdYH$ da CnZ hmoVm & Bg H${R>ZmB Ho$ g_` H$m
Zem _oao {ZH$Q> A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ho$ bmoJ ^br-^m{V AnZo _pVH$m| _|
CnZ H$a gH$Vo h, `m|{H$ {nN>bo {XZm| _| dhm ^r dm{g`m| H$m
EH$ g_yh J`m Wm, A\$Jm{ZVmZ EH$ {Z`_~ gaH$ma Wr Omo CZ
H$s `dWm _| `V Wr & {\$a CZ_| go A{YH$me bmoJ AnZo IM}
d` ^r ghZ H$aVo Wo & _oh_mZm| H$s Anojm _oO~mZm| (A{V{W
gH$ma H$aZo dmbo) H$s g`m A`{YH$ Wr & A\$Jm[ZVmZ Ho$ bJ^J
EH$ H$amoS> {Zdmgr Ho$db EH$ Xmo bmI bmoJm| Ho$ _oO~mZ ~Zo Wo, naVw
BgHo$ ~mdOyX _oh_mZm| H$s godm H$aZo _| {H$VZr naoem{Z`m| H$m gm_Zm
H$aZm nS>m & Bggo AZw_mZ bJm`m Om gH$Vm h {H$ Xmo hOma {ZYZ
bmoJm| H$s O_mAV na O~ EH$ hr g_` _| gH$S>m| _oh_mZm| Ama {ZYZ
dm{g`m| H$m ^ma nS>m hmoJm Ama gmW hr Bbm_ Ho$ Mma Ho$ H$m`
Ho$ {bE ^r CZH$mo n`m `` H$aZm nS>Vm hmoJm Ama dh ^r Eogo
g_` _| O~ {H$ CZHo$ d` Ho$ Kam| _| ^r bS>mB Omar Wr, Vmo CZ
bmoJm| H$s JXZ| ^ma Ho$ ZrMo {H$VZr X~ JB hm|Jr &
{gb{gbo H$s ò Amd`H$VmE EH$ Xmo {XZ Ho$ {bE Z Wt Z EH$ Xmo
_mg Ho$ {bE Ama Z EH$ Xmo df Ho$ {bE A{nVw {V df H$m` CZ{V
H$aVm OmVm Wm Ama Abmh VAmbm AnZr H$nm go Bg H$m` Ho$ {bE
d` hr `dWm H$a XoVm Wm & gZ 1898 B. _| hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo
O_mAV Ho$ ~Mm| H$s Ym{_H$ {ejm H$mo `mZ _| aIVo hE EH$ hmB
Hy$b Imob {X`m, {Oggo IMm] _| Ama CZ{V hB, {\$a EH$ _m{gH$
n{H$m AJoOr Ama EH$ CX _| Bbm_ Ho$ Mma hoVw Omar H$s, Bggo
IMm] _| Ama ^r ~T>moVar hB, naVw Abmh VAmbm g_V `` CnbY
H$aVm Mbm J`m, `hm VH$ {H$ Cg g_` EH$ AJoOr hmB Hy$b Ho$
A{V[aV EH$ Ym{_H$ H$mboO, EH$ H$`m {dmb`, H$B mB_ar Ama
{_{S>b Hy$b, {hXVmZr MmaH$m| H$m EH$ g_yh, _mareg {_eZ, grbmoZ
{_eZ, BJ{bVmZ {_eZ, A_arH$Z {_eZ, VWm A` ~hV go {d^mJ,
boIZ, Mma, {ejm, Xrjm, gm_m` ~Y, `m` Ama \$dm B`m{X Ho$
{d^mJ h VWm VrZ Mma bmI Ho$ bJ^J dm{fH$ `` h & ò g~
Abmh VAmbm AnZr H$nm go AnZo dmXo Abgbmhmo {~H$m{\$Z AXh
Xm'dVwb A_ra
311
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Ho$ AVJV CnbY H$am ahm h &

h_mar O_mAV {ZYZm| H$s O_mAV h, `m|{H$ Abmh VAmbm H$m
{Z`_ h {H$ ma^ _| {ZYZ bmoJ hr CgHo$ {gb{gbo _| doe H$aVo h
{Oh| XoIH$a bmoJ H$h {X`m H$aVo h (_m ZamH$m~AH$m BbbOrZ h_ Aam{ObmoZm ~m{Xàm`)
Ama Bg_| CgH$s Zr{V `h hmoVr h Vm{H$ H$moB `pV `h Z H$ho
{H$ `h {gb{gbm _oar ghm`Vm go \$bm Ama Vm{H$ _yI {damoYr ^r
Bg H$ma H$m Amamon Z bJm gH|$ & AV: Eogr O_mAV go BVZm
^ma CR>dmZm wXm H$s Amoa go ghm`Vm Ho$ A^md _| Zht hmo
gH$Vm & `h {ZYZ O_mAV gaH$mar H$a Cgr H$ma AXm H$aVr h
{Og H$ma A` bmoJ AXm H$aVo h, O_rZm| Ho$ bJmZ XoVr h,
gS>H$m| Ama AnVmbm| B`m{X Ho$ IMm] _| ^mJ boVr h & AV:
g_V IM Omo A` bmoJm| na h dh ^r AXm H$aVr h Ama {\$a
Y_-nMma Ama CgHo$ Wm{`d Ho$ {bE ^r YZ XoVr h & {ZaVa
nVrg df go Bg ^ma H$mo dhZ H$aVr Mbr Am ahr h & Bg `wJ
_| {ZgXoh A{YH$ g_embr Ama _m` bmoJ Bg O_mAV _|
gp_{bV hmo JE h, naVw CVZr hr IMm] _| ^r ~T>moVar hmo JB
h & AVEd `m `h ~mV AmMÒZH$ Zht {H$ O~{H$ eof ggma
~mdOyX CZ go A{YH$ YZmT>` hmoZo Ho$ AnZo `pVJV IMm] H$s VJr
H$s hr {eH$m`V H$aVm ahVm h & Bg O_mAV Ho$ bmoJ bmIm| n`m
dm{fH$ {~Zm EH$ df H$m AdH$me S>mbZo Abmh Ho$ _mJ _| IM
H$a aho h Ama _m Abmh VAmbm H$s H$nm go Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE
^r V`ma h {H$ `{X CZ go H$hm OmE {H$ AnZo g_V _mb
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ _mJ _| Xo Xmo Vmo do VwaV Xo X| & `h ~mV H$hm
go CnZ hmo JB ? {ZM` hr Abgbmhmo {~H$m{\$Z AXh H$m
Bhm_ CVmaZo dmbo Zo bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _| n[adVZ CnZ {H$`m h
A`Wm H$mZ gr epV Wr Omo Cg g_` O~{H$ hOaV _grh
_mD$X(A) H$mo gmYmaU IMm] H$s {MVm Wr, BVZo ~T> OmZo dmbo IMm]
H$mo nyU H$aZo H$m dmXm H$aVr Ama Cg dmXo H$mo nyam H$aHo$ {XIm
312
XoVr & ^bm _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbo H$amoS>m| bmoJ ggma _| {d_mZ
h do {H$VZm n`m Bbm_ Ho$ Mma Ho$ {bE CnbY H$aVo h &
h_mar O_mAV H$s g`m H$m `{X A{YH$ go A{YH$ AZw_mZ bJm`m
OmE Vmo {OVZm n`m dh Bbm_ Ho$ Mma na `` H$aVr h `{X
Cgr {hgm~ go {hXVmZ Ho$ A` _wgb_mZ ^r `` H$a| Vmo AmR>Xg H$amoS> n`m dm{fH$ CZH$mo Bg $n _| `` H$aZm Mm{hE O~{H$
CZH$s Am{WH$ pW{V h_mar O_mAV H$s ^m{V hmo, naVw CZ_|
[a`mgVm| Ho$ ~S>o-~S>o Cmam{YH$mar Ama H$amoS>n{V `mnmar ^r h,
`{X CZH$mo ^r `mZ _| aI {b`m OmE Vmo dm{fH$ nh gmobh
H$amoS> n`m Bbm_ Ho$ Mma na Ho$db {hXVmZ Ho$ _wgb_mZm| H$mo
IM H$aZm Mm{hE, naVw do Vmo h_mar O_mAV Ho$ Mma nmM bmI
H$s VwbZm _| EH$-Xmo bmI n`m ^r IM Zht H$aVo & `h AVa
Bg{bE h {H$ h_mao AXa Abgbmhmo {~H$m{\$Z AXh H$m dmXm
AnZm H$m` H$a ahm h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
~mahdt ^{d`dmUr
O_mAV H$s CZ{V Ho$ g~Y _| Amn H$s
^{d`dmUr Omo nyU hmoH$a {_ Ama ew na
g~yV hmo ahr h
A~ _ CZ ew^ gXoem| na AmYm[aV ^{d`dm{U`m| _| go EH$
^{d`dmUr H$mo CXmhaU d$n VwV H$aVm h Omo Bg {ejm Ho$ Mma
Ho$ g~Y _| H$s JB Wr, {Og Ho$ gmW Amn(A) AdV[aV {H$E JE Wo,
AWmV do kmZ Ama _Am[a\$ Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ _| dUZ {H$E JE h,
naVw bmoJ CZ go AkmZ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU bmnadmh hmo MwHo$ Wo & `h
^{d`dmUr ^r Eogr h {H$ bmIm| bmoJ BgHo$ gmjr h Ama Cg g_`
H$s JB Wr {H$ O~ CgHo$ nyU hmoZo Ho$ gm_mZ CnbY Z Wo Bg
313
Xm'dVwb A_ra
^{d`dmUr Ho$ eX ò Wo :""_ Voar VbrJ (Mma) H$mo ggma Ho$ {H$Zmam| VH$
nhMmD$Jm'' 310 _ Voao dN> X` Ama hm{XH$ o{_`m| H$m g_yh ^r
~T>mD$Jm Ama CZ H$r g`m Ama _mbm| _| ~aH$V XJm Ama CZ_|
~T>moVar XmZ H$$Jm &'' 311 (Abmh VAmbm) Bg (Ah_{X`m gXm`)
H$mo CZ{V XoJm `hm VH$ {H$ CZH$m ~mh` Ama ~aH$V ZOam| (pQ>)
_| AX^wV hmo OmEJr
(`mVyZm {_Z Hw$bo \$pOZ
A_rH$) AWmV ggma Ho$ òH$ Xoe go bmoJ Voar O_mAV _| doe hoVw
AmEJo &
(BZm Am'VZm H$bH$mga) h_ VwPo òH$
dVw _| ~mh` XmZ H$a|Jo {OZ _| O_mAV ^r gp_{bV h & AJoOr
_| ^r Amn H$mo BgHo$ g~Y _| Bhm_ hAm ""AmB eb {Jd `y E bmO
nmQ>u Am\$ Bbm_'' 314 (I shall give you a large party of Islam)
_ Vwh| _wgb_mZm| H$s EH$ ~S>r O_mAV XJm &
(gwbVwp_Zb
AdbrZm
d
gwbVwp_Zb Am{arZm) nhbm| _| go ^r EH$ ~S>r O_mAV Vwh| Xr
OmEJr Ama {nN>bm| _| go ^r & {Og Ho$ AW `h ^r h {H$ nydH$mbrZ
Z{~`m| H$s C_Vm| _| go ^r EH$ ~S>m g_yh Vw_ na B_mZ bmEJm Ama
_wgb_mZm| _| go ^r EH$ ~S>r O_mAV Vw_ na B_mZ bmEJr &
(`m Z{~`bmho Hw$Vmo bm Am[a\$moH$m) ndr
H$hoJr (AWmV ndr na ahZo dmbo) {H$ ho Abmh Ho$ Z~r! _ VwPo
Zht nhMmZVr Wr &
(BZm Z[agwbAOm
ZmHw$bwhm {_Z AVam{\$hm) h_ ndr Ho$ Cmam{YH$mar hm|Jo Cgo CgHo$
{H$Zmam| H$s Amoa go ImVo AmEJo &
BZ Bhm_m| _| go A{YH$me Vmo Eogo g_` _| hE Ama Cgr g_`
H$m{eV ^r H$a {XE JE O~{H$ Amn na EH$ `pV ^r B_mZ Zht
bm`m Wm Ama Hw$N> ~mX _| hE O~ {gb{gbm Wm{nV hmo MwH$m Wm,
naVw do ^r Eogo g_` _| hE h O~{H$ {gb{gbm AnZr Ama{^H$
AdWm _| Wm, Cg g_` Amn H$m Bg Bhm_ H$mo H$m{eV H$a XoZm {H$
EH$ g_` Eogm AmEJm {H$ Amn Ho$ gmW EH$ ~S>r O_mAV hmo OmEJr
Ama Ho$db {hXVmZ _| hr Zht A{nVw g_V Xoem| _| Amn(A) Ho$
314
AZw`m`r \$b OmEJo VWm òH$ Y_ Ho$ bmoJm| _| go {ZH$b H$a bmoJ
Amn Ho$ Y_ _| doe H$a|Jo VWm Ch| Abmh VAmbm ~hV ~T>mEJm
Ama {H$gr Xoe Ho$ bmoJ ^r Amn Ho$ Mma go ~mha Zht ah|Jo & `m
`h EH$ gmYmaU ~mV h ? `m _mZd-_pVH$ AZw_mZm| Ho$ AmYma
na Eogr ~mV H$h gH$Vm h ?
`h kmZ H$m `wJ h Ama bmoJ AnZo nhbo Y_ H$mo {OgH$s gMmB
O_{XZ go CZHo$ _pVH$ _| ~R>mB Om ahr Wr `mJ aho h & AmOH$b
_grhr, _grhr Zht aho, {hX {hX Zht aho, `hXr `hXr Zht aho Ama
nmagr nmagr Zht aho A{nVw EH$ ~m{H$ Y_ BZ Y_m| H$s ar{V`m| H$s
MmXa _| {bnQ>m hAm gdd \$b ahm h, Zm_m| _| {^ZVm h naVw
g_V ggma Ho$ {dMmam| _| EH$Vm hmo ahr h & Bg pW{V _| Amn H$m
`h Xmdm H$aZm {H$ Omo bmoJ AnZo nydH$mbrZ Z{~`m| go CH$Vm H$a
H${V (ZoMa) Ho$ AZwgaU _| `V h Amn H$mo drH$ma H$a b|Jo,
`jV`m Ag^d Xmdm Wm, {\$a Amn CX, Aa~r Ama \$magr Ho$
A{V[aV A` H$moB ^mfm Zht OmZVo VWm Amn {hXVmZ Ho$ ahZo dmbo
Wo, {Og Xoe Ho$ {Zdmgr AmO go Vrg df nyd Aa~ Ama BamZ _|
{ZVmV VwN> Ama {VaH$V g_Po OmVo Wo, H$~ Amem H$s Om gH$Vr Wr
{H$ Aa~, BamZ, A\$Jm{ZVmZ, em_ Ama {_ Ho$ ahZo dmbo EH$
{hXVmZr na B_mZ bo AmEJo, H$mZ H$h gH$Vm Wm {H$ {hXVmZ Ho$
AJoOr nT>o hE bmoJ Omo Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$mo _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$m H$bm_ R>hamZo bJo Wo Bg ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$a b|Jo
{H$ Bg `wJ _| ^r Abmh VAmbm AnZo ~Xm| go H$bm_ H$aVm h Ama
{\$a Eogo `pV go Omo AJoOr H$m EH$ eX Zht OmZVm, Omo CZHo$
{ZH$Q> g~ go ~S>m nmn Wm & {\$a H$mZ gr ~w{ Wr Omo `h Vm{dV
H$a gH$Vr Wr {H$ npM_r ^mfmAm| go AkmZ, nmMmV {dmAm| Ama
{ejmAm| go An[a{MV, npM_r ar{V-[admOm| go AZ{^k _Zw` Omo AnZo
mV go ^r ~mha H$^r Zht J`m (hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ nOm~
go ~mha Ho$db AbrJT> VH$ JE h) dh CZ Xoem| Ho$ bmoJm| VH$ AnZo
{dMmam| H$mo nhMm XoJm Ama {\$a do kmZ Ama AmYw{ZH$ H$mebm| Ho$
{deofk Ama E{e`m dmbm| H$mo H$sS>m|-_H$moS>m| go ^r VwN> g_PZo dmbo
Xm'dVwb A_ra
315
Xm'dVwb A_ra
bmoJ CgH$s ~mVm| H$mo gwZ ^r b|Jo Ama drH$ma ^r H$a b|Jo, Ama {\$a
{H$g _Zw` H$s ~w{ _| Am gH$Vm Wm {H$ A\$sH$m {Zdmgr Omo E{e`m
go {~Hw$b nWH$ h CgH$s ~mVm| na H$mZ aI|Jo VWm Cg na B_mZ
bmEJo, hmbm{H$ CZH$s ^mfm OmZZo dmbm nyao {hXVmZ _| H$moB Zht
{_b gH$Vm & ò g_V ~mYmE EH$ Amoa Wt Ama Abmh VAmbm H$m
H$bm_ (dmUr) EH$ Amoa Wm Ama AVV: dhr hAm Omo Abmh VAmbm
Zo H$hm Wm & dh `pV Omo {~Hw$b AHo$bm EH$ N>moQ>o go AmJZ _|
Q>hb-Q>hb H$a AnZo Bhm_m| H$mo {bI ahm Wm Ama g_V ggma _|
AnZr drH$m[aVm H$s gyMZmE Xo ahm Wm, hmbm{H$ Cg g_` Cgo CgHo$
jo Ho$ bmoJ ^r Zht OmZVo Wo & ~mdOyX g_V ~mYmAm| Ho$ Abmh
VAmbm H$s ghm`Vm Ama g_WZ go CR>m Ama EH$ ~mXb H$s ^m{V
JaOm Ama bmoJm| Ho$ XoIVo-XoIVo B`mbwAm| Ama ewAm| Ho$ H$boOm| H$mo
N>bZr H$aVm hAm gnyU AmH$me na N>m J`m & {hXVmZ _| dh
~agm, ~wmam _| dh ~agm, nydu A\$sH$m _| dh ~agm, _mareg rn _|
dh ~agm, X{jUr A\$sH$m _| dh ~agm, npM_r A\$sH$m Ho$ Xoem|
ZmBOo[a`m, JmoS>-H$moQ>, gam`yZ _| dh ~agm, AmQ>o{b`m _| dh ~agm,
BbS>, O_Zr Ama $g Ho$ Xoem| H$mo CgZo gtMm VWm A_arH$m _|
OmH$a CgZo qgMmB H$s &
AmO ggma H$m H$moB _hmrn Zht {Og_| _grh _mD$X H$s O_mAV
Zht Ama H$moB Y_ Zht {Og_| go CgZo AnZm ^mJ mV Zht {H$`m,
BgmB, {hX, ~w, nmagr, {gI, `hXr g_V Om{V`m| _| go CgH$mo
_mZZo dmbo _mOyX h VWm `yamo{n`Z, A_arH$Z, A\$arH$Z, Ama E{e`m
Ho$ {Zdmgr Cg na B_mZ bmE h & `{X CgZo Omo Hw$N> g_` go nyd
~Vm {X`m Wm dh {H$g H$ma nyam hmo J`m ? `m `h AmMÒZH$
~mV Zht {H$ dh `yamon Ama A_arH$m Omo Bg go nyd Bbm_ H$mo Im aho
Wo _grh _mD$X(A) Ho$ mam A~ Bbm_ Ch| Im ahm h & H$B gm
`pV Bg g_` VH$ BbS> _| Ama Bgr H$ma A_arH$m _| Bbm_ bm
MwH$m h VWm $g, O_Zr Ama BQ>br Ho$ Hw$N> bmoJm| Zo ^r Bg {gb{gbo
H$mo drH$ma {H$`m h & dhr Bbm_ Omo A` gXm`m| ({\$aH$m|) Ho$ hmW
go namO` na namO` Pob ahm Wm, A~ _grh _mD$X H$s XAmAm| go
316
ew H$mo òH$ _XmZ _| ZrMm {XIm ahm h Ama Bbm_ H$s O_mAV H$mo
~T>m ahm h & \$hXmo {bbmho ap~b Amb_rZ &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`mahdm g~yV
Amn(A) H$m o_ Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$
agyb (gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_) go
hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$s Hw$N>
^{d`dm{U`m| H$mo dUZ H$aZo Ho$ nMmV A~ _ Amn Ho$ Xmdo H$s gMmB
Ho$ `mahd| g~yV H$m dUZ H$aVm h Ama dh g~yV `h h {H$ Abmh
VAmbm H $w AmZ H$ar_ _| \ $a_mVm h
(dbOrZm OmhX \ $sZm bZh{X`Zh_ gw~b
w Zm) AWmV Omo bmoJ h_mao
_mJ _| gMm `mg H$aVo h h_ CZH$mo AnZo _mJ {XIm XoVo h VWm CZ
na Ch| MbmVo h & Bgr H$ma Abmh VAmbm \ $a_mVm h
(H$w b BZ Hw$Vw_ Vw{h~yZbmhm
\$m{~D$Zr `wh{~~Hw$_wbmh) H$h Xo {H$ `{X Vwh| Abmh go o_ h Vmo
_oam AZwgaU H$amo, Abmh VAmbm Vw_go o_ H$aZo bJoJm &'' BZ XmoZm|
Am`Vm| go {d{XV hmoVm h {H$ Abmh VAmbm go gMm o_ VWm CgH$m
gMm AZwamJ CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ o_ Ama CgHo$
gMo AZwamJ H$m h_oem `h n[aUm_ hAm H$aVm h {H$ _Zw` wXm VAmbm
go Om {_bVm h Ama CgH$m {` hmo OmVm h & AV: Bg C_V Ho$ bmoJm|
H$s gMmB H$m `h ^r EH$ _mnXS> h {H$ CZ Ho$ X` wXm Ho$ o_ go
n[anyU hm| VWm agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m AZwgaU CZ H$m
AmMaU hmo Ama Bg _mnXS> Ho$ AZwgma ^r hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X
Ab{hgbmVmo dgbm_ H$s gMmB H$me_mZ {XZ H$s ^m{V {g h &
o_ H$m {df` EH$ Eogm {df` h {H$ _wPo Bg na Hw$N> {bIZo H$s
Amd`H$Vm Zht & òH$ Xoe Ho$ H${d CgHo$ {ddaU H$mo AkmV g_` go
dUZ H$aVo Mbo AmE Ama g_V Y_ Bg na B_mZ Ama wXm VH$
317
Xm'dVwb A_ra
nhMZo H$m AmYma aIVo Mbo AmE h, naVw g_V H${d`m| Ho$ dUZ go
~T>H$a nyU o_ H$s nyU `m`m dh h Omo Abmh VAmbm Zo Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ _| dUZ H$s h AWmV
(Hw$b BZ H$mZm Am~mAmoHw$_ d AZmAmoHw$_ d BdmZmoHw$_ d

AdmOmoHw$_ d AeraVmoHw$_ d Admbmo{ZVaVw_yhm d {VOmaVwZ
VemZm H$gmXhm d _gm{H$Zmo VaOmZhm Ah~m Bb`Hw$p_Zbmho d
agy{bhr d {Ohm{XZ \$s g~r{bhr \$Va~gy hmm `m{V`bmhmo
{~A_[ahr dbmhmo bm `h{Xb H$m_b \$m{gH$sZ) H$h Xo {H$ `{X
Vwhmao ~mn-XmXo Ama Vwhmao ~oQ>o Ama Vwhmao ^mB Ama Vwhmar npZ`m,
Ama Vwhmao n{V Ama Vwhmao n[aOZ Ama Vwhmao _mb Omo Vw_Zo H$_mE
h Ama `mnma {Og Ho$ {~JS> OmZo go Vw_ ^`^rV ahVo hmo Ama _H$mZm|
H$mo {Oh| Vw_ ngX H$aVo hmo & Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$ _mJ _| H$m` H$aZo
go Vwh| A{YH$ {` h Vmo Vwh| Abmh VAmbm go H$moB o_ Zht, V~
Vw_ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$mon H$s Vrjm H$amo Ama Abmh VAmbm Eogo
AdkmH$m[a`m| H$mo H$^r AnZm _mJ Zht {XImVm AWmV nyU o_ H$m
bjU `h h {H$ _Zw` CgHo$ {bE òH$ dVw H$mo ~{bXmZ H$a Xo &
`{X Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE dh V`ma Zht Vmo _m{IH$ ~mV| CgHo$ {bE Hw$N>
bm^X Zht & `m| Vmo òH$ `pV H$h XoVm h {H$ _wPo Abmh
VAmbm go o_ h VWm CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go o_
h A{nVw _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbm H$moB `pV ^r Z hmoJm Omo `h H$hVm
hmo {H$ _wPo Abmh VAmbm Ama Cg Ho$ agyb go o_ Zht h, naVw
XoIZm `h h {H$ Bg BH$ama (dmoH$mamopV) H$m ^md CgHo$ H$_m] na,
CgHo$ earam| na Ama CgHo$ H$WZm| na `m nS>Vm h & do hr bmoJ Omo
agybwbmh (g.A.d.) Ho$ o_ _| d` H$mo _wY ~VmVo h Ama Amn
318
g.A.d. H$s egm _| H${dVmE nT>Vo Ama gwZVo ahVo h A{nVw Hw$N> Vmo
d` Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s egm _| H${dVmE
H$hVo ^r h & Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ AmXoem| Ho$ nmbZ H$aZo H$s Amoa
CZH$m {~Hw$b `mZ Zht hmoVm & do Abmh VAmbm Ho$ o_ H$m Xmdm
Vmo H$aVo h, naVw Cg go {_bZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> ^r `mg Zht H$aVo &
h_ XoIVo h {H$ `{X {H$gr H$m n[aOZ Am OmE Vmo dh gm H$m`
N>moS>H$a Cggo {_bVm h & AnZo {_m| Ama {ÒZm| H$s ^|Q> H$m Adga
mV hmo Vmo A{V gZ hmo OmVm h & emgH$m| Ho$ g_j ^|Q> H$aZo H$m
Adga mV hmo Vmo gZVm go \y$bm Zht g_mVm, A{nVw bmoJ Abmh
VAmbm go o_ H$m Xmdm H$aVo h naVw Z_mO Ho$ {ZH$Q> Zht OmVo `m
Z_mO nT>Vo h Vmo Bg H$ma {H$ H$^r nT>r H$^r Z nT>r AWdm `{X
{Z`_mZwgma ^r nT>r Vmo Eogr OXr-OXr nT>Vo h {H$ kmV Zht hmoVm
{H$ gXh go Chm|Zo ga H$~ CR>m`m {\$a H$~ dmng aI {X`m, {Og
H$ma _wJm MmoM| _maH$a XmZo MwJVm h ò gXh H$a boVo h, Z {dZ`
hmoVr h Z {JS>{JS>mhQ> & Bgr H$ma Abmh VAmbm Cndmg H$m {V\$b
d` H$mo R>hamVm h, naVw bmoJ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ o_ H$m Xmdm H$aVo
hE CgH$m hmW nH$S>Zo Ho$ {bE Zht OmVo VWm CgH$m gm{Z` mV
H$aZo H$m `mg Zht H$aVo, Abmh VAmbm H$m o_ H$Q> H$aVo h naVw
bmoJm| Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$m hZZ H$aVo h, PyR> ~mobVo h, bmN>Z bJmVo h,
MwJbr H$aVo h, Abmh VAmbm go o_ H$m dUZ H$aVo h, naVw Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ H$m A``Z Ama Cg na {dMma Ama {MVZ H$s gm_` Ch| Zht
{_bVr & `m {Og H$ma AmOH$b bmoJ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go `dhma H$aVo
h Cgr H$ma AnZo {ÒZm| Ho$ nm| go ^r {H$`m H$aVo h ? `m BZ
nm| H$mo bnoQ> H$a aI N>moS>Vo h Ama CZH$mo nT>H$a CZH$m _Vb~
g_PZo H$m `mg Zht H$aVo & AV: o_ H$m Xmdm Ama ~mV h Ama
dmV{dH$ o_ Ama ~mV h o_ H$^r H$_ Ama `mJ go nWH$ Zht hmoVm
Ama Bg H$ma H$m o_ Ama Bg H$ma H$m `ma h_| Bg `wJ _| {gdmE
hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ Ama Amn Ho$ MmaH$m| Ho$ A` {H$gr `pV
_| {XImB Zht XoVm &
Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ OrdZ H$s n[apW{V`m ~VmVr h {H$ O~ go
Xm'dVwb A_ra
319
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AmnZo hmoe g^mbm, Cgr g_` go Abmh VAmbm Ama Cg Ho$ agyb
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ o_ _| _wY Wo VWm CZ H$m o_ AmnH$s
amo_-amo_ _| g_m`m hAm Wm & Amn dm`dWm hr go earAV Ho$ {Z`_m|
Ho$ nm~X Wo VWm EH$mVdmg H$mo ngX H$aVo Wo & O~ Amn {ejm go
{ZdV hE Vmo AmnHo$ {nVmlr Zo ~hV Mmhm {H$ Amn H$mo {H$gr WmZ
na ZmH$ar {Xbdm X|, naVw Amn Zo Bg ~mV H$mo ngX Zht {H$`m VWm
~ma~ma Ho$ AmJh na ^r BH$ma H$aVo aho VWm wXm Ho$ _aU H$mo
ggma Ho$ H$m`m] nX _wI H$a {b`m, Amn EH$ A`V g_mZZr` de Ho$
gX` Wo & `{X Amn(A) MmhVo Vmo AmnH$mo g_mZZr` na mV hmo
gH$Vm Wm, Ogm {H$ Amn Ho$ ~S>o ^mB H$mo EH$ g_mZZr` nX mV Wm,
naVw Amn Zo Bggo nhby hr ~Mm`m & `h Zht Wm {H$ Amn Ambgr Wo
Ama Amb` Ho$ H$maU Amn(A) Zo Eogm {H$`m, `m|{H$ Amn(A) Ho$ ~mX Ho$
OrdZ Zo {g H$a {X`m {H$ Amn(A) Ogm n[al_r `pV ggma Ho$ {H$gr
^r H$moZo na {_bZm H${R>Z h & EH$ H$m{X`mZ Ho$ {ZH$Q> ahZo dmbm
{gI {OgHo$ nydOm| Ho$ g~Y Amn(A) Ho$ {nVmlr Ho$ gmW Wo gwZm`m
H$aVo Wo VWm ~mdOyX Ym{_H$ {^ZVm hmoZo Ho$ A~ VH$ Bg KQ>Zm H$mo
gwZmVo g_` CgH$s AmIm| _| Amgy Am OmVo {H$ EH$ ~ma h_| Amn(A) Ho$
{nVmlr Zo Amn(A) Ho$ nmg ôOm Ama H$hm {H$ OmAmo CZ go H$hmo {H$
dh _oao gmW A{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ nmg Mb|, _ CZH$mo VhgrbXmar H$m nX
{XbmZo H$m `mg H$$Jm & dh H$hVm h {H$ O~ h_ Amn(A) Ho$ nmg
JE Vmo Amn EH$ H$_ao _| EH$mV _| ~R>o hE H$moB nwVH$ nT> aho Wo,
O~ h_Zo Amn(A) go H$hm {H$ Amn Ho$ {nVmlr AmnH$mo g_mZZr` nX
{XbmZo hoVw H$hVo h & Amn(A) `m| CZHo$ gmW Zht OmVo & Vmo Amn(A)
Zo H$hm {H$ _oar Amoa go CZH$s godm _| {ZdoXZ H$amo {H$ _Zo {OgH$s
ZmH$ar H$aZm Wr H$a br A~ dh _wPo j_m hr H$a X| Vmo C{MV h &
CZ {XZm| Amn H$m H$m` `h hmoVm Wm {H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m A`Z
H$aVo ahVo VWm hXrgm| H$s {H$Vm~| XoIVo `m $_r ah_Vwbmh H$s
_gZdr H$m A``Z H$aVo VWm `Vr_m| Ama Aghm`m| H$m EH$ g_yh m`:
Amn Ho$ nmg Am OmVm Wm, {OZ_| Amn AnZm ^moOZ ~mQ> XoVo Ama
m`: {~Hw$b hr Imbr noQ> (^yIo) ahVo Ama H$^r-H$^r Ho$db MZo
320
^wZdm H$a M~m boVo VWm AmnH$m EH$mVdmg BVZm ~T>m hAm Wm {H$
AZoH$ ~ma Eogm hmoVm {H$ Ka Ho$ bmoJ Amn(A) H$mo ^moOZ ôOZm VH$
^yb OmVo &
EH$ ~ma Amn(A) Bg {dMma go {H$ {nVmlr H$s pQ> go nWH$ hmo
OmD$ Vmo H$Xm{MV dh _wPo gmgm[aH$ H$m`m] _| bJmZo H$m {dMma N>moS>
X|, H$m{X`mZ go {g`mbH$moQ> Mbo JE Ama dhm âU-nmofU hoVw
AWm`r Vma na Amn(A) H$mo ZmH$ar ^r H$aZm nS>r, naVw `h ZmH$ar
Amn(A) H$s B~mXV (CnmgZm) _| ~mYm Z Wr, `m|{H$ Ho$db {H$gr go
_mJZo go ~MZo Ho$ {bE Amn(A) Zo `h ZmH$ar H$s Wr H$moB gmgm[aH$
CZ{V Co` Z Wm & Bg WmZ na Amn(A) H$mo nhbr ~ma Bg ~mV
H$m kmZ hAm {H$ Bbm_ A`V X`Zr` pW{V _| h Ama A` Y_m]
Ho$ bmoJ Cgo ImZo Ho$ {bE Vna h & BgH$m gmYZ `h hAm {H$
{g`mbH$moQ> _| nmX[a`m| H$m EH$ ~S>m Ho$ Wm & do {V{XZ ~mOmam|
Ama Hy$Mm| _| AnZo Y_ H$m Mma H$aVo VWm bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _|
Bbm_ Ho$ {d gXoh CnZ H$aVo Wo Ama Amn(A) `h XoIH$a
AmM` _| nS> OmVo Wo {H$ H$moB `pV CZH$m _wH$m~bm Zht H$aVm &
`h dh `wJ Wm {H$ bmoJ g_PVo Wo {H$ BgmB`V gaH$ma H$m Y_ h,
^` ImVo Wo {H$ BgH$m _wH$m~bm H$a|Jo Vmo hm{Z nhMoJr & {gdmE EH$
Ho$ A{YH$me {dmZ nmX[a`m| H$s ~mVm| H$m IS>Z H$aZo go ^` ImVo
Wo Ama Omo bmoJ _wH$m~bm ^r H$aVo do CZ Ho$ hmam| Ho$ gm_Zo
nam{OV hmo OmVo, `m|{H$ Hw$AmZ H$ar_ H$m kmZ hr Ch| mV Z
Wm & Bg pW{V H$mo XoIH$a Amn(A) Zo nmX[a`m| H$m _wH$m~bm H$aZo H$m
gmhg {H$`m Ama ~S>o Omoa go ~hg Ama _w~m{hgm Ama^ {H$`m Ama
{\$a Bg _wH$m~bo Ho$ ma H$mo Am`m] Ama A` Om{V`m| Ho$ {bE ^r
{dVV H$a {X`m, Hw$N> g_`monamV Amn(A) H$mo AmnHo$ {nVmlr Zo
dmng ~wbm {b`m Ama {\$a `h {dMma H$aHo$ {H$ A~ Vmo Amn(A)
ZmH$ar H$a MwHo$ h, em`X A~ ZmH$ar H$aZm drH$ma H$a b| & nwZ:
Amn(A) H$s ZmH$ar Ho$ {bE `mg {H$`m naVw Amn(A) CZ go j_m hr
_mJVo aho & hm `h XoIH$a {H$ Amn(A) Ho$ {nVmlr gmgm[aH$ H$Q>m| _|
~hV {Kao hE h CZHo$ H$hZo na `h H$m` AnZo Xm{`d _| bo {b`m
Xm'dVwb A_ra
321
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{H$ CZH$s Amoa go CZHo$ _wH$_m| H$s nadr H$a {X`m H$a| & BZ
_wH$_m| Ho$ _` _| Amn H$m wXm H$s Amoa PwH$md Ama ^r H$Q>
hAm & EH$ ~ma Eogm hAm {H$ Amn(A) _wH$_o H$s nadr Ho$ {bE JE &
_wH$_o Ho$ VwV hmoZo _| {db~ hmo J`m, Z_mO H$m g_` hmo J`m &
Amn bmoJm| Ho$ amoH$Zo Ho$ ~mdOyX Z_mO Ho$ {bE Mbo JE Ama OmZo Ho$
nMmV hr _wH$_o H$s nadr Ho$ {bE ~wbmE JE, naVw Amn Z_mO _|
`V aho, Z_mO go {Zdm hmoH$a AXmbV _| AmE & gaH$mar
{Z`_mZwgma Mm{hE Vmo `h Wm {H$ _{OQ>oQ> EH$ Va\$m {S>Jr XoH$a
Amn(A) Ho$ {d \$gbm gwZm XoVm, naVw Abmh VAmbm H$mo Amn(A)
H$s `h ~mV Eogr {MH$a bJr {H$ CgZo _{OQ>oQ> Ho$ `mZ H$mo Bg
Amoa go \o$a {X`m VWm CgZo Amn H$s AZwnpW{V H$mo `mZ _| Z bmVo
hE \$gbm Amn Ho$ {nVmlr Ho$ nj _| H$a {X`m & EH$ gOZ Omo
AmnHo$ ~MnZ Ho$ {_ Wo, gwZmVo Wo {H$ dh bmhma _| ZmH$a Wo
Amn(A) ^r {H$gr _hdnyU _wH$_o H$s nadr Ho$ {bE {OgH$s Anrb
gdm}m_ `m`mb` _| VwV Wr, dhm JE VWm dh _wH$_m Eogm Wm
{H$ Cg_| nam{OV hmoZo go AmnHo$ {nVm lr Ho$ A{YH$mam| Ama
n[aUm_d$n Amn(A) Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$mo H$R>moa AmKmV nhMVm Wm &
dh dUZ H$aVo h {H$ O~ Amn _wH$_o go dmng AmE Vmo A{V gZ
Wo & _ g_Pm {H$ Amn _wH$_m OrV JE h V^r Vmo BVZo gZ h &
_Zo ^r gZVm go _wH$_o _| g\$bVm H$s _w~maH$~mX VwV H$s Vmo
AmnZo \$a_m`m {H$ _wH$_o _| Vmo h_ hma JE h, gZ Bg{bE h
{H$ A~ Hw$N> {XZ EH$mVdmg _| wXm H$mo _aU H$aZo H$m Adga mV
hmoJm &
O~ Amn(A) Bg H$ma Ho$ _m_bm| go CH$Vm JE Vmo AmnZo AnZo
{nVmlr H$mo EH$ n {bIm {Og_| Bg H$ma Ho$ H$m`m] go AdH$me XmZ
H$aZo H$s {dZVr H$s Wr, Bg n H$mo _ `hm ZH$b H$a XoVm h, Vm{H$
kmV hmo {H$ Amn(A) Ama{^H$ Am`w go hr ggma go {H$VZr KUm H$aVo Wo
VWm wXm Ho$ _aU _| `V ahZo H$mo {MH$a g_PVo Wo & `h n
Amn(A) Zo Cg g_` Ho$ {Z`_mZwgma \$magr ^mfm _| {bIm Wm Omo
{ZZ{b{IV h :-
Xm'dVwb A_ra
322
AZwdmX :- ""_oao {nVmOr Amn gwa{jV ah| & _ godH$Vm Ama

{dZ_Vm Ho$ gmW AmnH$s godm _| {dZVr H$aVm h {H$ Ogm Bg g_` _
XoI ahm h {H$ g_V emgZm| _| Eogm gH$m_H$ amoJ \$b ahm h Omo
{_m| H$mo {_ go, n[aOZm| H$mo n[aOZm| go nWH$ H$a ahm h VWm H$moB
^r df Eogm Zht JwOam {H$ Eogr ^`mZH$ Ama XXZmH$ KQ>Zm Omo
b`H$mar hmo Z AmB hmo & Bgr H$mo pQ> _| aIVo hE X` ggma go
CMmQ> hmo J`m h Ama Moham mU OmZo Ho$ ^` go nrbm nS> J`m h
VWm m`: _wPo eI _wpbhrZ gmXr eramOr Ho$ ò Xmo nX _aU hmo
AmVo h Ama oX Ho$ Amgy Omar hmo OmVo h :AWm`r OrdZ na Vy âmogm _V H$a Ama g_` Ho$ CbQ-\o$a go
{Z^` Z hmo Ama XrdmZo \$ag (hOaV AH$Xg H$m Ama{^H$ {XZm| H$m
CnZm_ h) Ho$ ò Xmo nX ^r Km`b X` na Z_H$ {N>S>H$Vo h & ho
323
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`mom Bg {VaH$V ggma go X` Z bJm, `m|{H$ _`w H$m g_`
AMmZH$ AmEJm & Bgr{bE _oar A{^bmfm h {H$ eof OrdZ EH$mVdmg
_| `VrV H$a X Ama bmoJm| Ho$ _ob-Omob go d` H$mo AbJ H$a X VWm
Abmh VAmbm H$s MMm _| `V ah & H$Xm{MV JwOao hE Ho$ {bE
H$moB ~hmZm Ama Omo VwP go Ny>Q> J`m CgH$m {ZdmaU hmo OmE & OrdZ
`VrV hmo J`m Ama Hw$N> H$X_m| Ho$ Abmdm Hw$N> Z ahm & Cm_ h {H$
{H$gr H$s MMm _| _ Hw$N> gwh| Ama Hw$N> em_| JwOma X, `m|{H$ ggma
H$m AmYma T> Zht h Ama OrdZ H$m H$moB âmogm Zht &
O~ Amn Ho$ {nVmlr H$m {ZYZ hmo J`m Vmo Amn(A) Zo g_V H$m`m]
go nWH$Vm YmaU H$a br VWm Y_ Ho$ A``Z, Cndmg Ama amV H$mo
OmJZo _| g_` `VrV H$aZo bJo VWm g_mMma nm| Ama n{H$mAm| Ho$
_m`_ go Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| H$m Cma XoVo aho & Bg `wJ _| bmoJ EH$EH$ ngo Ho$ {bE bS>Vo h, naVw AmnZo AnZr Hw$b gn{m AnZo ~S>o
^mB Ho$ gwnwX H$a Xr & Amn(A) Ho$ {bE ^moOZ CZ Ho$ Ka go Am OmVm
h Ama dh O~ Amd`H$Vm g_PVo H$nS>o ~Zdm XoVo Ama Amn(A) Z
gn{m H$s Am` go Hw$N> ^mJ boVo Ama Z CgH$m H$moB H$m` H$aVo &
bmoJm| H$mo Z_mO, amoOo H$m `mZ {XbmVo, Bbm_ H$m Mma H$aVo, {ZYZm|
Ama Aghm`m| H$m ^r `mZ aIVo, Ama Vmo Amn Ho$ nmg Cg g_` Hw$N>
Wm Zht, ^mB Ho$ `hm go Omo ^moOZ AmVm, Cgr H$mo {ZYZm| _| ~mQ> XoVo
Ama H$^r-H$^r Xmo-VrZ Vmobm ^moOZ na hr {Zdmh H$aVo Ama H$^r `h
^r eof Z ahVm Ama ^yIo hr ah OmVo & `h Zht Wm {H$ AmnH$s
gn{m WmoS>r Wr Ama Amn(A) g_PVo Wo {H$ {Zdmh hmo ahm h & Cg
g_` EH$ nyU Jmd Amn Ama AmnHo$ ^mB H$m gmPoXmar _| Wm, BgHo$
A{V[aV OmJra B`m{X H$s ^r Am` Wr &
Bgr Ad{Y _| Amn(A) Zo Bbm_ H$s X`Zr` pW{V XoIH$a
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g_j XAm {dZ` Ama {JS>{JS>mZo Ho$ gmW Ama^
H$s VWm Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go gHo$V nmH$a "~amhrZ
Ah_{X`m' Zm_H$ {H$Vm~ {bIs {Og Ho$ g~Y _| KmofUm H$s {H$
Bg_| Bbm_ H$s gMmB Ho$ VrZ gm g~yV {XE OmEJo & `h {H$Vm~
wXm Ho$ ApVd, agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ama
324
Bbm_ na hmoZo dmbo Amamonm| Ho$ {ZdmaU hoVw EH$ ^mar hma {g
hB Ama `{n {H$ AnyU ahr, naVw Bg $n _| ^r {_ Ama ew
go egm mV {H$E {~Zm Zht ahr VWm ~S>o-~S>o {dmZm| Zo Bg
{H$Vm~ Ho$ g~Y _| am` H$Q> H$s {H$ `h {H$Vm~ Voah gm df
H$s Ad{Y _| AnZm CXmhaU d` hr h & Bbm_ Ho$ Cm_ {XZm| Ho$
_hmZ boIH$m| H$mo `mZ _| aIVo hE `h egm AnZo Co` H$s
d` hr `m`m H$aVr h & BgHo$ A{V[aV Omo ^r n{H$m `m
g_mMma n {ZH$bVm, Amn(A) Cg_| Bbm_ H$s loR>Vm Ama CgH$s
dmV{dH$Vm H$mo H$Q> H$aVo VWm Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| H$m Cma XoVo,
`hm VH$ {H$ g~ Om{V`m Amn H$s ew hmo JB, naVw Amn(A) Zo
boe_m nadmh Z H$s &
`h dh g_` Wm {H$ EH$ Amoa Vmo BgmB agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$mo Jm{b`m Xo aho Wo Ama Xgar Amoa Am` AneXm|
go H$m_ bo aho Wo, naVw {hXVmZ Ho$ {dmZ EH$ Xgao Ho$ {d Hw$\$
Ho$ \$do H$m{eV H$a aho Wo, Bbm_ nam| Vbo am|Xm Om ahm Wm,
naVw {dmZm| H$mo aAm `XZ Ama hmW grZo na ~mY| `m Zm{^ na,
Am_rZ D$Mo da _| H$h| `m Am{hVm AWdm Bgr H$ma H$s A`
g_`mAm| go \w$agV Z Wr & Cg g_` Amn hr EH$ Eogo `pV Wo
Omo Bbm_ Ho$ ewAm| Ho$ _wH$m~bo na grZm VmZo hE Wo VWm
_wgb_mZm| _| ew^ H$_m] H$mo MbZ XoZo H$s Amoa `mZ Xo aho Wo &
Amn(A) Bg ~hg _| Z nS>Vo {H$ hZ{\$`m| H$m VH$ C{MV h `m Ahbo
hXrg H$m A{nVw Bg ~mV na ~b XoVo {H$ {Og ~mV H$mo ^r g`
g_Pmo Cg H$m nmbZ H$aHo$ {XImAmo VWm AY_ Ama AdY H$mo dY
g_PZo H$m n[a`mJ H$aHo$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ AmXoem| H$m AZwgaU
H$aZm Ama^ H$a Xmo & n{S>V X`mZX dVH$ Am` g_mO go AmnZo
_wH$m~bm {H$`m, boIam_, OrdZ Xmg, _wabrYa, BXa_Z AV: {OVZo
^r Am` Y_ Ho$ ZoVm Wo CZ_| go òH$ go Amn(A) ~hg H$r ~w{Z`mX
S>mbVo Ama Cg g_` VH$ CgH$m nrN>m Z N>moS>Vo, O~ VH$ dh Bbm_
na AmH$_U H$aZo go nWH$ Z hmo OmVm `m V~mh Z hmo OmVm & Bgr
H$ma BgmB`m| Ho$ Jm{b`m XoZo dmbo MmaH$m| H$m Amn(A) _wH$m~bm
Xm'dVwb A_ra
325
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$aVo, H$^r \$Vh _grh go, H$^r AmW_ go, H$^r _m{Q>Z go, H$^r
hmdb go, H$^r amBQ> go, H$^r Vm{b~ _grh go VWm Bg na ^r Amn
H$mo gVwpQ> Z hmoVr, AJoOr _| AZwdmX H$adm H$a ghm|, bmIm| H$s
g`m _| {dkmnZ `yamon Ama A_arH$m H$mo {ÔdmVo Ama {Og `pV
Ho$ gX^ _| gwZVo {H$ Bbm_ _| {M h, VwaV Cg go nmMma H$aVo
Ama Bbm_ H$m {Z_U XoVo & AV: {_Q>a [d~ (Mr. Alexander
Webb) A_arH$m H$m nwamZm _wgb_mZ Amn(A) Ho$ Cgr g_` Ho$
`mgm| H$m n[aUm_ h & `h `pV {ZVmV AmXaUr` h Ama {H$gr
g_` g`wV am` A_arH$m H$s Amoa go XV Ho$ nX na AmgrZ Wm,
Amn Zo CgH$s Bbm_ go {M H$m hmb gwZH$a Cg go nmMma {H$`m
Ama AVV: Cg gXd^md `pV Zo Bbm_ drH$ma H$a {b`m VWm
AnZo nX go AbJ hmo J`m & AV: Abmh VAmbm Ho$ EHo$dadmX Ho$
Mma Ama agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gMmB Ho$
_m{UV H$aZo H$s Amn(A) H$mo YwZ bJr hB Wr Ama Amn(A) EH$ jU
Ho$ {bE ^r Bggo bmnadmh Zht ahVo Wo & VnMmV Amn(A) Zo Xmdm
{H$`m Vmo Cg g_` go Amn(A) H$m H$m_ Ama ^r {demb hmo J`m &
H$moB Bbm_ H$m ew Zht {ZH$bm, {OgHo$ _wH$m~bo na Amn IS>o Z
hE hm| & Ohm {H$gr Ho$ gX^ _| gwZm {H$ dh Bbm_ na AmH$_U
H$aVm h VwaV CgH$m _wH$m~bm Ama^ H$a {X`m & S>moB Omo A_arH$m
H$m PyR>m Z~r Wm {OgH$s MMm nhbo Am MwH$s h O~ CgH$s Bbm_
go ewVm H$m hmb Amn(A) Zo gwZm Vmo g_w nma go CgH$m _wH$m~bm
Ama^ H$a {X`m, {nJQ> (Mr. Piggott) Zo BbS> _| wXm hmoZo H$m
Xmdm {H$`m Vmo Cgo VwaV bbH$mam & AVEd ggma Ho$ {H$gr ^r H$moZo
na Ohm H$ht ^r H$moB Bbm_ H$m ew CnZ hAm, Cgo dht Om H$a
nH$S>m Ama Zht N>moS>m O~ VH$ {H$ dh AnZo CnmV go hQ> Zht J`m
`m _a Zht J`m & AmnZo Mmhma df H$s Am`w nmB VWm OrdZ-n`V
amV-{XZ Bbm_ H$s godm _| `V aho & H$B ~ma _hrZm| boIZ _|
BVZo `V ahVo {H$ H$moB Zht H$h gH$Vm Wm {H$ Amn(A) H$~ gmoVo h
Ama Abmh VAmbm Ama agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go
Amn(A) H$mo BVZm o_ Wm {H$ Bbm_ Ho$ H$m` H$mo AnZm H$m` g_PVo
326
Wo & `{X H$moB A` `pV Bbm_ H$s godm H$aVm Vmo CgHo$ {ZVmV
Am^mar hmoVo, H$^r-H$^r amV H$m A{YH$me ^mJ {ZaVa OmJVo hE
H$m` _| `V ahVo, `{X H$moB A` `pV EH$-Xmo {XZ y\$arqS>J `m
H$m{n`m XoZo Ho$ H$m` _| Amn(A) H$r ghm`Vm H$aVm Vmo Cgo g`moJ go
amV H$mo ^r H$m` H$aZm nS>Vm Vmo `h Z g_PVo Wo {H$ CgZo Bbm_
H$m H$m` {H$`m Ama AnZo H$m` H$mo {Z^m`m h A{nVw BVZm Y`dmX
Ama Am^ma H$Q> H$aVo Ogo CgZo AmnH$s H$moB `pVJV godm H$s h
Ama AmnH$mo AnZm H$Vk ~Zm {b`m h & ~mdOyX H$_Omoar Ama
~r_mar Ho$ Amn(A) Zo Agr go A{YH$ {H$Vm~| {bIt VWm gH$S>m|
{dkmnZ Bbm_ Ho$ Mma hoVw {bIo Ama gH$S>m| ^mfU {XE VWm
{V{XZ bmoJm| H$mo Bbm_ H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ g~Y _| {ejm XoVo aho
Ama Amn H$mo Bg_| BVZr V`_Vm Wr {H$ m`: S>mQ>a AmnH$mo Amam_
Ho$ {bE H$hVo Vmo Amn(A) CZH$mo Cma XoVo {H$ _oam Amam_ Vmo `hr h
{H$ Bbm_ Y_ H$m Mma Ama Bbm_ Ho$ {damo{Y`m| H$m ga Hw$MbVm
ah & `hm VH$ {H$ Amn(A) AnZo {ZYZ Ho$ {XZ VH$ Bbm_ H$s godm
_| godmaV aho Ama {Og gw~h Amn H$m dJdmg hAm CgH$s W_
em_ VH$ EH$ {H$Vm~ Ho$ boIZ _| Omo {hXAm| H$mo Bbm_ H$m {Z_U
XoZo Ho$ Co` go Wr `V Wo & Bg go Cg VnZ Ama AmVm Ama
Cg {ZdmWVm VWm bJZ H$m nVm bJ gH$Vm h Omo Amn(A) H$mo
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ Vmn Ho$ H$Q>Z Ama Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ H$s gMmB H$mo {g H$aZo Ho$ {bE Wr &
_ {bI MwH$m h {H$ Ho$db o_ H$m Xmdm o_ H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$
{bE dmV{dH$ _mnXS> Zht h, naVw dh `pV {OgZo AnZo òH$
H$_ Ama òH$ J{V go AnZo o_ Ama `ma H$mo {g H$a {X`m hmo
CgH$m Xmdm CgH$s hm{XH$ ^mdZmAm| Ho$ H$Q>Z H$m loR> _m`_ h,
`m|{H$ gMo o_r H$s hm{XH$ ^mdZmE CgH$s AgmYmaU godmAm| go ^r
~T>H$a hmoVr h Ama CgHo$ gMo hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Xgao Ho$ X` H$mo ^r
^m{dV H$aVr ahVr h & AV: _ Amn H$s Xmo \$magr H${dVmE {H$ CZ
_| go EH$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ o_ _| h Ama EH$ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ o_ _|, Bg WmZ na ZH$b H$aVm h :Xm'dVwb A_ra
327
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(AZwdmX :- (1) ho _oao CnH$ma H$aZo dmbo {_ _oao mU VwP na

`mN>mda h VyZo _oao gmW H$mZ gm ôX aIm h {H$ _ aIy &
(2) òH$ Co` Ama _ZmoH$m_Zm {Ogo _Zo namoj go _mJm Ama
òH$ BN>m Omo _oao X` _| Wr &
(3) VyZo AnZr _ha~mZr go _oar do _ZmoH$m_ZmE nyar H$a Xt VWm
H$nm H$aVo hE Vy _oao Ka _| Am`m &
(4) _wPo o_ Ama d\$mXmar Ho$ gX^ _| H$moB kmZ Z Wm VyZo d`
hr o_ H$s `h XmbV _oao Xm_Z _| S>mb Xr &
(5) VyZo Cg H$mbr {_>r H$mo d` Agra (Eogm agm`Z Omo Vm~o
H$mo gmoZm ~Zm Xo) ~Zm {X`m dh Ho$db Voam hr gmX` h Omo _wPo
AN>m bJm &
(6) _oao X` H$s `h dN>Vm g`_ Ama CnmgZm H$s A{YH$Vm Ho$ H$maU
Zht A{nVw VyZo _wPo d` AnZr _ha~m{Z`m| go H$me_mZ H$a {X`m h &
328
(7) _ EH$ _w>r â {_>r h {Og na Voao gH$S>m| CnH$ma h, Voar
_ha~m{Z`m| go _oam VZ-_Z Am^mar h &
(8) XmoZm| bmoH$m| H$m n[a`mJ _oao {bE gab h `{X Voar gZVm
{_b OmE ho _oar eaU, ho _oao XJ ho _oao empV {ZHo$VZ !
(9) dgV G$Vw Ama \y$bm| H$m _mg_ _oao {bE ~oH$ma h `m|{H$ _
Vmo ha g_` Voao Mohao Ho$ {dMma Ho$ H$maU EH$ CmZ _| h &
(10) _wPo {H$gr Xgao {ejH$ H$s Amd`H$Vm `m| hmo _ Vmo AnZo
wXm go {ejU mV {H$E hE h &
(11) CgH$s AZda H$nm _oao BVZr {ZH$Q> hmo JB {H$ `ma H$s
AmdmO _oao ha Jbr-Hy$Mo go AmZo bJr &
(12) ho _oao a~ _wPo T>Vm XmZ H$a Ama Eogm H$moB {XZ Z AmE
{H$ _ Voao gmW H$s hB {Vkm H$mo ^J H$a X &
(13) `{X Voao Hy$Mo _| o{_`m| Ho$ ga CVmao OmE Vmo g~ go nhbm
`pV Omo o_ H$m Xmdm H$aoJm dh _ hyJm &)*
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
* VwV AZwdmX, AZwdmXH$ H$s Amoa go h & (AZwdmXH$)
329
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(AZwdmX :- (1) _wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ mU _| AX^wV H$ma H$m

H$me h VWm _wh_X (g.A.d) H$s ImZ _| AX^wV H$ma H$m aZ h &
(2) AYH$mam| go X` Cg g_` n{d hmo OmVm h O~ dh
_wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ {_m| _| gp_{bV hmo OmVm h &
(3) _ CZ ~ohXm bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| na AmM` H$aVm h Omo _wh_X
(g.A.d) Ho$ XVadmZ go _wI _moS> boVo h &
(4) _ XmoZm| bmoH$m| _| {H$gr Eogo _Zw` H$mo Zht OmZVm {Og_|
_wh_X (g.A.d) Ogm d^d Ama Vmn hmo &
330
(5) Abmh VAmbm Cg `pV go h_oem > ahVm h Omo _wh_X
(g.A.d) go of aIVm hmo &
(6) Abmh VAmbm d` hr Cg VwN> H$sS>o H$mo ^_ H$a XoVm h
Omo _wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ ewAm| _| go hmo &
(7) `{X VwPo Vm_{gH$ d{m go _wpV Mm{hE Vmo _wh_X (g.A.d)
Ho$ XrdmZm| _| go hmo Om &
(8) Ama `{X Vy MmhVm h {H$ Abmh VAmbm Voar egm H$ao Vmo
Vy hm{XH$ {ZR>m Ho$ gmW _wh_X (g.A.d) H$m egH$ ~Z Om &
(9) `{X Vy CgHo$ g` H$m _mU MmhVm h Vmo Vy CgH$m o_r
~Z Om, `m|{H$ _wh_X (g.A.d) hr _wh_X H$m _mU h &
(10) _oam ga Ah_X (g.A.d) H$s mH$ na `mN>mda h Ama _oam
X` ha g_` _wh_X (g.A.d) na ~{bXmZ ahVm h &
(11) agybwbmh (g.A.d) Ho$ H$mHw$b H$s gmJY {H$ _ _wh_X
(g.A.d) Ho$ H$me_mZ _wI _S>b na AmgV h &
(12) Bg _mJ _| `{X _wPo _ma {X`m OmE `m ApZ Ho$ gwnwX H$a
{X`m OmE Vmo ^r _ _wh_X (g.A.d) H$s MmIQ> go {d_wI Zht hJm &
(13) Y_ hoVw _ ggma go ^r Zht S>aVm `m|{H$ _wP _| _wh_X
(g.A.d) Ho$ B_mZ H$m aJ h &
(14) _wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ CnH$mam| Ama H$nmAm| H$mo _aU H$aHo$
ggma go {daV hmoZm {ZVmV gab h &
(15) _oam {V H$U CgHo$ _mJ _| `mN>mda h `m|{H$ _Zo _wh_X
(g.A.d) Ho$ JwV gmX` H$mo XoI {b`m h &
(16) _ {H$gr A` {ejH$ H$m Zm_ Zht OmZVm, _ Vmo Ho$db
_wh_X (g.A.d) H$s nmR>embm _| nT>m hAm h &
(17) _ {H$gr A` {`V_ go H$moB _Vb~ Zht aIVm `m|{H$ _
Vmo _wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ o_ go d{YV h &
(18) _wPo Vmo Ho$db CgH$s H$nm-pQ> H$s Amd`H$Vm h Ama _wPo
_wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ CmZ Ho$ A{V[aV Hw$N> Zht Mm{hE &
(19) _oao emoH$ JV X` H$mo _oao AXa Vbme Z H$amo `m|{H$
h_Zo Cgo _wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ Xm_Z go gbZ H$a {X`m h &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
331
Xm'dVwb A_ra
(20) _ n{dm_m $nr n{j`m| _| go dh loR> njr h Omo _wh_X
(g.A.d) Ho$ CmZ _| ~goam aIVm h &
(21) VyZo h_mao mUm| H$mo o_ Ama AZwamJ go H$me_mZ ~Zm {X`m
h & ho _wh_X VwP na _oam mU `mN>mda hmo &
(22) `{X _ Bg _mJ _| gH$S>m| mU ^r Xo X Vmo ^r `h A\$gmog
ahoJm {H$ `h _wh_X (g.A.d) H$s emZ Ho$ `Wm-`mo` Zht &
(23) CgZo Bg OdmZ H$mo H$gm amo~ XmZ {H$`m {H$ H$moB ^r
_wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ _XmZ _| (_wH$m~bo na) Zht AmVm &
(24) ho nW-^Q> Ama _yI ew gVH$ hmo Om Ama _wh_X
(g.A.d) H$s H$mQ>Zo dmbr Vbdma go S>a &
(25) Abmh H$m _mJ {Ogo bmoJm| Zo ^wbm {X`m Cgo _wh_X
(g.A.d) Ho$ ghm~m Ama gVmZ _| Vbme H$a &
(26) ho _wh_X (g.A.d) H$s emZ VWm CZ Ho$ nQ> H$me Ho$
BH$mar gVH$ hmo Om &
(27) `{n {H$ M_H$ma A~ bwV hmo MwH$m h naVw Vy Am Ama
_wh_X (g.A.d) Ho$ Xmgm| _| XoI bo &)*
A~ Amn {dMma H$a| {H$ {Og `pV Zo ~MnZ go boH$a _`w VH$
AnZr Am`w H$m {V jU Ama {V nb Abmh VAmbm Ho$ _aU VWm
CgHo$ Vmn Ho$ H$Q>Z Ama CgHo$ H$bm_ Ho$ Mma Ama agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ o_ Ama Amn (g.A.d.) Ho$ Y_ Ho$
AZwgaU Ama Amn (g.A.d.) H$s bmB hB earAV (Ym{_H$-{dYmZ) H$r
T>Vm _| `` H$a {X`m hmo VWm AnZm| Ama An[a{MVm| H$mo Abmh
VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb Ho$ g_mZ H$s gwajm Ho$ {bE AnZm ew ~Zm
{b`m hmo Ama AnZm òH$ H$U Bbm_ H$s godm _| bJm {X`m hmo, `m
Eogm `pV nW-^Q>, Jw_amh, Cndr Ama XOmb hmo gH$Vm h & `{X
ò H$_ Cnd`wV h, `{X Bg H$ma H$m o_ Hw$\$ H$m bjU Ama
VrH$ h, `{X agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go o_ Jw_amhr H$m
bjU h Vmo wXm H$s H$g_ * VwV AZwdmX, AZwdmXH$ H$s Amoa go h & (AZwdmXH$)
332
`h Jw_amhr wXm _wPo gmar H$ao Zgr~
`h Hw$\$ _wP H$mo ~e Xo gmao OhmZ H$m
Abmh VAmbm gmjr h VWm CgH$m H$bm_ gmjr h Ama gX~w{
gmjr h {H$ Eogm `pV H$Xm{n, H$Xm{n Jw_amh Ama PyR>m Zht hmo
gH$Vm & `{X Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ go BVZm o_ Ama CgH$m BVZm AZwgaU Ama AmkmH$m[aVm Ama
CZHo$ AmXoem| Ho$ Mma-gma hoVw BVZm `mg H$aHo$ VWm CZHo$ {bE
nydOm| Ama ~mX _| AmZo dmbm| go A{YH$ dm{^_mZ X{eV H$aHo$ ^r
H$moB `pV PyR>m Ama XOmb hr ~ZVm h Vmo g_V ggma _| H$^r
H$moB `pV {hXm`V (nW-XeZ) H$m nm Zht hAm Ama Z ^{d` _|
H$^r hmoJm &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
~mahdm g~yV
Amn(A) H$s OrdZXm{`Zr epV
~mahd| g~yV Ho$ Vma na _ hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$s OrdZXm{`Zr epV
H$mo VwV H$aVm h Ama `h g~yV nyd g~yVm| H$s ^m{V ghm| g~yVm|
H$m gJh h & Bg g_` _wgb_mZm| H$m BgmB`m| H$s ^m{V `h {dMma h
{H$ hOaV _grh Ab{hgbm_ emar[aH$ _VH$m| H$mo Or{dV {H$`m H$aVo
Wo, naVw Ogm {H$ _ nhbo CboI H$a MwH$m h {H$ `h {dMma Hw$AmZr
{ejm H$s pQ> go VdmX h VWm B_mZ H$mo ZQ> H$aZo dmbm h, naVw
Bg_| ^r Hw$N> gXoh Zht {H$ hOaV _grh(A) eof Z{~`m| H$s ^m{V
Ad` _waXo Or{dV {H$`m H$aVo Wo & Abmh VAmbm H$m H$bm_ (dmUr)
Bg na gmjr h VWm Bg H$m BH$mar Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$bm_ H$m
BH$mar h & ò _waXo Am`mp_H$ _waXo hmoVo Wo Ama dmVd _| nJ~a
Bht _waXm| H$mo Or{dV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Am`m H$aVo h Ama H$moB Z~r Zht
JwOam {OgZo Bg H$ma Ho$ _waXo Or{dV Z {H$E hm| & AmX_ go boH$a
AmhOaV gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ VH$ g_V nJ~a Bgr Co` Ho$
{bE AdV[aV {H$E JE Wo {H$ _wXm] H$mo Or{dV H$a| & T> gH$n nJ~am|
333
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$s gMmB naIZo H$m EH$ _mnXS> `h ^r h {H$ CZHo$ hmWm| go _wX}
Or{dV hm| Ama `{X `h M_H$ma Z {XIm gH|$ Vmo CgH$s Zw~wdV H$m
Xmdm Ad` g{XY hmo OmVm h Ama Omo `pV Bg H$ma Ho$ _wX} Or{dV
H$aHo$ {XIm Xo dh {ZM` hr Abmh VAmbm H$m nJ~a h `m|{H$ `h
Or{dV H$aZm Abmh VAmbm H$s Amkm Ho$ {~Zm Zht hmo gH$Vm Ama
{Ogo Abmh H$s Amkm mV hmo JB Cg Ho$ gMo hmoZo _| `m gXoh
ahm &
ho ~mXemh ! `h {ZemZ hOaV AH$Xg(A) Ho$ hmWm| na Abmh
VAmbm Zo Bg ~hVmV go H$Q> {H$`m h {H$ Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ nMmV A` {H$gr Z~r Ho$ B{Vhmg VWm CgH$s
n[apW{V`m| go Bg nQ>Vm Ho$ gmW Bg {ZemZ Ho$ H$Q>Z H$m kmZ Zht
hmoVm & (dbmhmo Am'b_mo {~gdm~) & hOaV AH$Xg(A) Cg g_`
ggma _| nYmao Wo {Og g_` Z Ho$db Am`mp_H$ _`w hr ggma na
N>mB hB Wr A{nVw _ao hE bmoJm| H$mo BVZm g_` hmo J`m Wm {H$ eara
Jb-gS> JE Wo Ama Qy>Q>-\y$Q> Ama^ hmo JB Wr & `h Eogr H${R>Z _`w
Wr {H$ Bg _`w H$s emoH$Xm`H$ pW{V go _V nJ~a bmoJm| H$mo S>amVo
AmE h & AV: agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d Am{bhr d gb_
\$a_mVo h (BZh b_ `Hw$Z Z{~`wZ ~mXm Zy{hZ Bbm H$X AOaOmbm
H$m_h d BZr CpOamoHw$_yhmo) AWmV hOaV Zyh(A) Ho$ nMmV H$moB Z~r
Eogm Zht JwOam {OgZo XOmb Ho$ Cnd go AnZr Om{V H$mo Z S>am`m
hmo Ama _ ^r Vw_ H$mo Cg go S>amVm h & AV: XOmbr Cnd go _mao
hE bmoJm| go A{YH$ OrdZ go Xa A` _wX} Zht hmo gH$Vo VWm Eogo
AmemAm| H$s gr_m go JwOao hE _wXm] H$m Or{dV H$aZm dmVd _| EH$
~hV ~S>m H${R>Z H$m` Wm, naVw Amn(A) Zo `h H$m` {H$`m VWm
ghm|, bmIm| _wX} Or{dV H$aHo$ {XIm {XE VWm EH$ Eogr O_mAV
CnZ H$a Xr {OgH$m CXmhaU agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
H$s O_mAV H$mo Andm{XV H$aHo$ A` O_mAVm| _| Zht {_bVm & hOaV
_ygm Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ AnZr Om{V Ho$ gmW amOZ{VH$ g~Y ^r Wo,
334
Bg{bE CZH$s g_V Om{V CZ na B_mZ bmH$a ^r CZHo$ gmW Z Wr
A{nVw A{YH$me bmoJ amOZ{VH$ napW{V`m| H$mo pQ> _| aIH$a CZHo$
gmW MbZo na {dde Wo & Omo bmoJ CZ na B_mZ bmH$a CZ Ho$ gmW
hE CZHo$ g~Y _| Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h (\$_m Am_Zm {b_ygm Bbm Ow[a`Vwp_Z
(A)
H$m{_hr) AWmV _ygm H$m AZwgaU Zht {H$`m naVw CZ H$s Om{V Ho$
Hw$N> Zd`wdH$m| Zo & `h Vmo {_ _| R>haZo H$s pW{V Wr, {_ go
{ZH$bH$a ^r Amn H$s Om{V H$m A{YH$me ^mJ Amn H$s gMmB H$mo
hm{XH$ Vma na drH$ma Zht H$aVm Wm & hm amOZ{VH$ Vma na Amn Ho$
gmW Wm & AV: Abmh VAmbm \$a_mVm h {H$ _ygm(A) H$s Om{V Ho$
EH$ ^mJ Zo {_ go {ZH$bZo Ho$ nMmV CZ go H$hm :Xm'dVwb A_ra
(`m _ygm bZ Zm{_Zm bH$m hmm Zabmhm OhaVZ

\$AOHw$_wgmBH$Vmo d AVw_ VOwZ) (~H$ah : Hy$A 6) ho
_ygm ! Voar ~mV H$Xm{n Z _mZ|Jo O~ VH$ {H$ Abmh VAmbm H$mo
AnZr AmIm| go Z XoI b| & AV: Vwh| wXm Ho$ H$mon Zo nH$S> {b`m
Bg pW{V _| {H$ Vw_ XoI aho Wo & Bgr H$ma Hw$AmZ H$ar_ go ^r
kmV hmoVm h Ama BOrbm| VWm B{Vhmgm| go ^r {H$ hOaV Bgm
Ab{hgbm_ na ^r ~hV hr H$_ bmoJ B_mZ bmE Wo Ama CZ _| go
Omo dN> X` Wo Ama {Ohm|Zo dmV{dH$ OrdZ nm`m Wm do Vmo ~hV
hr H$_ Wo, naVw hOaV AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ My{H$ agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ Am`mp_H$ bm^m| Ho$ Omar H$aZo Ama
Amn (g.A.d.) H$s ~aH$Vm| H$mo ggma _| gm[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE AmE Wo
Ama _grho _wh_Xr gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m WmZ D$Mm aIVo
Wo & Amn(A) Ho$ mam Abmh VAmbm Zo ~hV go _wX} Or{dV {H$E VWm
Eogo _wX} Or{dV {H$E {H$ `{X CZ na _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ Ho$ PaZo H$m nmZr Z {N>S>H$m OmVm Vmo CZ Ho$ Or{dV hmoZo H$s
H$moB Amem hr Zht H$s Om gH$Vr Wr &
335
Xm'dVwb A_ra
`m `h {d{M ~mV Zht {H$ Bg g_` O~ {H$ Mmam| Amoa Y_ _|
ZB ~mVm| H$m g_mdoe, ar{V-[admO, ggma H$s A{^bmfm, XamMma, Y_
go KUm, wXm Ho$ H$bm_ go bmnadmhr, earAVm| H$m An_mZ, ew^-H$_m]
go dN>XVm, XAm go {ZpMV, Ym{_H$ bOm H$m A^md {XImB Xo ahm
h & hOaV AH$Xg Zo EH$ Eogr O_mAV CnZ H$a Xr h Omo ~mdOyX
{e{jV hmoZo Ho$ Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_, CgHo$ \$[aVm|, XAm, M_H$mam|, wXm H$s dmUr, b` Ama
{V\$b Ho$ {bE CR>mE OmZo, dJ VWm ZH$ na nyU {ddmg aIVr h
VWm Bbm_r earAV H$s `WmepV nm~X h & Bg O_mAV _| Vbme
H$aZo na hr H$moB Eogm `pV {_boJm Omo Z_mOm| H$s AXm`Jr _|
bmnadmhr H$aVm hmo Ama `h Omo Hw$N> H$_r h `h ^r ma{^H$ pW{V
H$m n[aUm_ h Ama Yrao-Yrao Xa hmo ahr h & `m `h {d{M ~mV
Zht {H$ O~{H$ H$mboOm| Ho$ {dmWu VWm AmYw{ZH$ {ejm Ho$ BNw>H$ Y_
go nyUV`m KUm H$aVo h Ama Y_ H$mo amOZ{VH$ gJR>Z H$m _m`_
g_PVo h & hOaV AH$Xg(A) Ho$ mam ZE {e{jV bmoJm| H$s EH$ Eogr
O_mAV V`ma hB h Ama hmo ahr h {Og Ho$ gXo Ho$ WmZ AmgwAm| go
^rJ OmVo h, {OgHo$ grZo XZ Ho$ Omoe go hmS>r H$s ^m{V C~bVo h
Ama Omo Bbm_ Ho$ Mma Ama Bbm_ Ho$ Zm_ H$mo D$Mm H$aZo Ho$ {bE
g_V amOZ{VH$ CWmZm| Ama YZ mpV na _wI H$aHo$ eof g^r H$mo
Cg na ~{bXmZ H$a ahr h & Bg_| A{YH$me bmoJ ggma H$s mpV H$a
gH$Vo h, naVw wXm Ho$ Y_ H$mo {Z~b XoI H$a VWm kmZ$nr {OhmX
H$s Amd`H$Vm _hgyg H$aHo$ g_V C_Jm| na bmV _ma H$a Y_ H$s
godm _| bJ JE h VWm WmoS>o H$mo A{YH$ na _wIVm Xo aho h, VWm
^yIo ahZo H$mo noQ> âZo H$s Anojm A{YH$ {MH$a g_PVo h, CZHo$ _wIm|
na Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m
Zm_ h, CZ Ho$ X`m| _| Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo
Ab{h d gb_ H$m o_ h, CZHo$ H$_ Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s _hmZVm H$mo H$Q> H$a aho h, CZHo$
_wI _S>bm| go Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d
gb_ H$m o_ Q>nH$ ahm h, do Bgr ggma _| ~gVo h, CZHo$ H$mZ
336
dVVm Ho$ dam| go An[a{MV Zht, CZHo$ _pVH$ dVVm Ho$ {dMmam|
go AZ{^k Zht, CZH$s AmI| dVVm Ho$ namH$_m| H$mo XoIZo go Ag_W
Zht, Chm|Zo ^r dh g~ Hw$N> nT>m Ama gwZm h Omo A` bmoJ nT>Vo Ama
gwZVo h, naVw BgHo$ ~mdOyX O~ Chm|Zo `h XoIm {H$ Bbm_ Bg g_`
BVZm dVVm H$m _whVmO Zht {OVZm {H$ XmgVm H$m & XOmb Ho$
Cnd Zo Bbm_ H$mo Omo hm{Z nhMmB h dh Cg {demb `dWm Ho$
_m`_ go nhMmB h Omo CgZo Bbm_ H$mo OS> go CImS>Zo Ho$ {bE YmaU
H$s Wr Ama `h {H$ Bbm_ H$s CZ{V Bg g_` Ho$db EH$ ~mV MmhVr
h {H$ g_V bmoJ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ hmoH$a EH$ PS>o Ho$ ZrMo Am OmE
~S>o-N>moQ>o, A_ra-Jar~, {dmZ Ama _yI, AnZr-AnZr g_V epV`m|
Ama gmYZm| H$mo EH$ WmZ na bmH$a aI X| Ama EH$ hmW na EH$ hmo
OmE Vm{H$ gm_y{hH$ Vma na Hw$\$ Ama CnmV H$m _wH$m~bm {H$`m OmE,
Vmo Chm|Zo Abmh VAmbm Ho$ AmXoe VWm Bbm_ Ho$ {hV H$mo AnZo
{dMmam| na _wIVm Xr VWm g_` Ho$ ^mdm| go ^m{dV hmoZo go BH$ma
H$a {X`m VWm AnZo hmW go AnZr JXZm| _| AmkmH$m[aVm H$s agr S>mb
br VWm gZVmnydH$ Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE V`ma hmo JE {H$ Bbm_ H$s
^bmB H$mo pQ> _| aIH$a {Og Amoa Ama {OYa ^r dh hmW gHo$V H$ao
{Og na do EH$ hmo JE h do {~Zm {H$gr Amn{m Ama {~Zm {H$gr
~hmZo Ho$ CYa H$mo Mb X|Jo VWm {H$gr ~{bXmZ go gH$moM Zht H$a|Jo,
Ama {H$gr H$Q> H$mo {dMma _| Z bmEJo Ama `hr Zht {H$ Chm|Zo _wI
go `h BH$ama {H$`m A{nVw `dhm[aH$ Vma na Bgr H$ma H$aHo$ ^r
{XIm`m Ama Bg g_` CZ_| go AZoH$ AnZr _mV^y{_ go Xa, AnZo
n[adma go Xa n`m| Ho$ {bE Zht A{nVw H${R>Z Am{WH$ H$Q> CR>mH$a
Ama mUm| H$mo gH$Q> _| S>mbH$a g_` Ho$ br\$m Ho$ AZwgaU _| Bbm_
H$m Mma H$a aho h Ama ~hV h Omo Bg Vrjm _| h {H$ Ch| H$~
AmXoe mV hmoVm h {H$ do ^r g_V gmgm[aH$ g~Ym| H$mo VmoS>H$a
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ Vmn Ho$ H$Q>Z hoVw AnZo Kam| go {ZH$b IS>o hm|
({_h_ _Z H$Om Zh~h d {_h_
_`V{Oa) \$OOmh_wbmhmo AZm AhgZb OOmE &
do Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {bE _ma| ImVo h, Kam| go {ZH$mbo OmVo h,
Xm'dVwb A_ra
337
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CZH$mo Jm{b`m Xr OmVr h, {VaH$V g_Pm OmVm h, naVw do g~ Hw$N>
ghZ H$aVo h `m|{H$ CZHo$ X` H$me_mZ hmo JE VWm CZH$s
AmV[aH$ AmI| Iwb JB h Ama Chm|Zo dh Hw$N> XoI {b`m Omo Xgam| Zo
Zht XoIm, do _ma| ImVo h naVw Xgam| H$s ^bmB MmhVo h, An_m{ZV
{H$E OmVo h, naVw Xgam| Ho$ {bE g_mZ MmhVo h &
dh H$mZ h Omo Bg g_` Bbm_ H$s gwajm Ama CgHo$ Mma Ho$
{bE A_arH$m _| AHo$bm bS> ahm h Ama `{n EH$ {demb g_w _|
EH$ ~wb~wbo H$s ^m{V nS>m hAm h, naVw CgH$m X` Zht K~amVm &
dh EH$ _wXm Wm {Ogo _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ _grh Zo
AnZo hmW go Or{dV {H$`m h VWm dh Bg{bE {~Hw$b AHo$bm A_arH$m
H$mo Bbm_ H$s XmgVm H$s n[a{Y _| bmZo Ho$ {bE `mgaV h {H$ dh
OmZVm h {H$ EH$ Or{dV H$amoS>m| _wXm] na ^mar h &
do H$mZ h Omo BbS> _| Bbm_ H$m Mma H$a aho h & do `hr
_grho _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ Or{dV {H$E hE bmoJ h
Ama `{n emar[aH$ Vma na BbS> Zo {hXVmZ na {dO` mV H$a
br h naVw do `h OmZVo h {H$ BbS> H$s Am_m ($h) _a MwH$s h,
dh wXm go Xa Om nS>m h, dh Cg OrdZ Ho$ nmZr H$s ~moVb| boH$a
{Og go _grh Zo CZH$mo Or{dV {H$`m h Xgam| H$mo Or{dV H$aZo Ho$ {bE
{ZH$b IS>o hE h, BbS> H$m Vmn, CgH$m YZ, CgH$m emgZ CZH$mo
^`^rV Zht H$aVm `m|{H$ CZH$mo {ddmg h {H$ do Or{dV h Ama
BbS> _wXm & {\$a Or{dV _wX} go `m| ^`^rV hmo VWm Cg go `m|
K~amE &
npM_r A\$sH$m H$m VQ> Ohm BgmB`V Zo AnZo na ngmaZo Ama^
{H$E Wo Ama bmIm| bmoJm| H$mo BgmB ~Zm {b`m Wm VWm EH$ `pV H$s
CnmgZm Ho$ {bE bmoJ EH$ {H$E Om aho Wo dhm H$mZ EH$ wXm Ho$ Zm_
H$mo D$Mm H$aZo Ho$ {bE J`m Ama VdmX H$s Vmon Ho$ AmJo grZm VmZ
H$a IS>m hAm & dhr _grh _mD$X H$s \y$H$ go Or{dV hmoZo dmbo bmoJ
Omo Cg g_` Bbm_ H$s gwajm Ho$ {bE IS>o hE O~ bmoJ Bbm_ H$s
_`w H$m {ddmg H$a ~R>o Wo VWm CgHo$ ^md H$mo {_Q>Vm hAm XoIZo
bJo Wo &
338
{H$gZo _mareg H$s Amoa `mZ {X`m Ama Cg EH$ Amoa nS>o hE rn
Ho$ {Zdm{g`m| H$mo OrdZ XmZ H$aZo H$m H$m` AnZo Xm{`d _| {b`m,
{H$gZo bH$m H$mo Omo {ZVmV nwamVZ Eo{Vhm{gH$ [adm`Vm| H$m WmZ h Om
H$a AnZr AmdmO go MmH$m`m, H$mZ $g Ama A\$Jm{ZVmZ Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo
OrdZ H$s Z_V XmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE J`m & ò hr _grh _mD$X Ho$
Or{dV {H$E hE bmoJ &
`m `h OrdZ H$s {ZemZr Zht {H$ Mmbrg H$amoS > _wgb_mZm| _| go
H$moB {XImB Zht XoVm Omo Bbm_ H$m Mma Ama Y_ Ho$ gma Ho$ {bE
AnZo Ka go {ZH$bm hmo, naVw EH$ _w>r â Ah_{X`m| _| go gH$S>m| Bg
H$m` na bJo hE h Ama CZ bmoJm| H$mo _wgb_mZ ~Zm aho h {OZHo$ gX^
_| {dMma ^r Zht {H$`m OmVm Wm {H$ do H$^r Bbm_ H$m Zm_ ^r
gwZ|Jo &
`{X Bg O_mAV Ho$ bmoJm| _| Z`m OrdZ CnZ Zht hAm Vmo Chm|Zo
ggma H$m Zem {H$g H$ma n[ad{VV H$a {X`m VWm CZ_| Xoem| H$m AHo$bo
_wH$m~bm H$aZo H$m gmhg `m|H$a CnZ hAm Ama {H$g ~mV Zo Ch|
{dde {H$`m {H$ do Xoe N>mSo >H$a A` Xoem| _| YHo$ ImVo {\$a|, `m CZHo$
_mVm-{nVm Zht, CZH$s npZ`m Ama ~Mo Zht, CZHo$ ~hZ-^mB Zht,
CZHo$ {_ Ama n[a{MV Zht, CZH$mo H$moB A` H$m` Zht ? {\$a {H$g
dVw Zo CZH$mo ggma go hQ>m H$a Y_ H$s Amoa bJm {X`m, Bgr ~mV Zo {H$
Chm|Zo OrdZ H$s $h nmB Ama _wXm dVwAm| H$mo Cg Or{dV wXm Ho$ {bE
Omo g_V OrdZm| H$m CXJ_ h N>mSo > {X`m dh CZ_| g_mdoe H$a J`m Ama
do Cg _| g_m JE &
(\$V~maH$bmhmo
AhgZwb m{bH$sZ) &
_Zo _grh _mD$X(A) H$s {Og OrdZXm{`Zr epV H$m CboI {H$`m
h `h g{XY ahoJr `{X _ Cg OrdZ Ho$ ^md H$mo dUZ Z H$$ Omo
dmV{dH$ OrdZ H$m _mnXS> h Ama dh `h h {H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo
AnZr OrdZ-Xm{`Zr epV go bmoJm| Ho$ X`m| _| Eogm OrdZ CnZ
{H$`m {H$ CZ_| go A{YH$me Z Ho$db Or{dV hr hE A{nVw CZH$mo ^r
_wXm] H$mo OrdZ XoZo H$s epV Xr JB & `{X `h epV Amn(A) Ho$ mam
A` H$mo Z {_bVr Vmo `h gXoh ahVm {H$ em`X Amn(A) Ho$ _pVH$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
339
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$s ~ZmdQ> hr Eogr h {H$ Amn(A) na do kmZ Imobo OmVo h Omo Amn
dUZ H$aVo h Ama Amn(A) do ` XoI boVo h Omo AnZo g_` na nyao
hmo OmVo h Ama AmnHo$ `mZ _| dh ^md CnZ hmo J`m h {Oggo
Amn(A) H$s BN>mE XAm Ho$ $n _| nyU hmo OmVr h, naVw Zht, Amn
Bg OmZo H$mo AnZo gmW hr Zht bo JE A{nVw Omo bmoJ gMo Vma na
Amn Ho$ gmW g~Y aIVo h CZH$mo ^r ò g~ epV`m AnZo nXm| H$s
pQ> go mV hmoVr h & Amn Ho$ o_ Ama Amn Ho$ gmW g~Y Ho$
n[aUm_ d$n Abmh VAmbm AnZo kmZm| H$s dfm X`m| na CVmaVm h
Ama Bg g_` AmnH$s O_mAV _| go ~hV go h Omo Abmh VAmbm H$s
H$nm go Hw$AmZ H$ar_ Ho$ AWm] H$m dUZ H$aZo _| EH$ VrdJm_r KmoS>o go
A{YH$ Vrd h VWm {OZHo$ dUZ _| dh ^md h {H$ gXohm| Ama
eH$mAm| H$s apg`m CZH$s EH$ hr MmoQ> go H$Q> OmVr h Ama Hw$AmZ Omo
bmoJm| Ho$ {bE EH$ grb~X {b\$m\$m Wm h_mao {bE Iwbr {H$Vm~ h &
CgH$s H${R>ZmB`m h_mao {bE gab H$s OmVr h VWm CgH$s ~mar{H$`m
h_mao {bE H$Q> H$a Xr OmVr h & ggma H$m H$moB Y_ `m {dMmaYmam
Zht Omo Bbm_ Ho$ {d hmo, {Ogo wXm H$s H$nm go h_ Ho$db Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ H$s Vbdma go Qw>H$S>o-Qw>H$S>o Z H$a X| Ama H$moB Am`V Eogr Zht
{Og na {H$gr kmZ mam H$moB Amamon AmVm hmo Ama Abmh VAmbm H$s
JwV dr h_| CgHo$ Cma go AdJV Z H$a Xo &
Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go Bhm_ `m H$\$m| H$m hmoZm ^r Amn(A)
VH$ gr{_V Zht ahm & A{nVw Amn(A) Ho$ mam Or{dV hmoZo dmbm| _|
~hV h {Oh| Abmh VAmbm Bhm_ H$aVm h Ama amo`m {XImVm h Omo
AnZo g_` na nyU hmoH$a CZHo$ Ama CZ Ho$ {_m| Ho$ B_mZ H$mo VmOm
H$aZo dmbr hmoVr h & dh CZgo H$bm_ H$aVm h VWm CZ na AnZr
gZVm Ho$ _mJ ImobVm h {Og go CZH$mo g`_ Ho$ _mJm] na MbZo _|
ghm`Vm mV hmoVr h VWm CZH$m X` T> hmoVm h Ama gmhg ~T>Vm
h &
XAmAm| H$s drH$m[aVm Ama wXmB ghm`Vm AmZo Ho$ gX^ _| ^r
hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$m daXmZ Omar h Ama Amn Ho$ mam Or{dV hmoZo dmbo
bmoJ Bg OrdZ-Xm{`Zr epV H$mo AnZo AXa _hgyg H$aVo h, Abmh
340
VAmbm Bg O_mAV Ho$ A{YH$me bmoJm| H$s XAmE A` bmoJm| go A{YH$
gwZVm h VWm AnZr ghm`Vm CZHo$ {bE CVmaVm h VWm CZHo$ ewAm|
H$m {dZme H$aVm h Ama CZHo$ `mgm| Ho$ Cm_ n[aUm_ CnZ H$aVm
h VWm Ch| AHo$bm Zht N>moS>Vm Ama CZHo$ {bE dm{^_mZ {XImVm h &
AV: hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo Z Ho$db _wX} hr Or{dV {H$E A{nVw Eogo
bmoJ CnZ H$a {XE Omo d` ^r _wX} Or{dV H$aZo dmbo h & ò H$m`
{gdmE CZ AmXaUr` Z{~`m| Ho$ Omo Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {deof {` hmoVo
h A` H$moB Zht H$a gH$Vm & h_ {ddmg aIVo h {H$ `h g~ daXmZ
Amn(A) H$mo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go {_bm Ama Amn
H$m H$m` dmVd _| agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m hr H$m`
(Hw$bmo
Wm
~aH${VZ {__wh_{XZ gbbmhmo Abho dgb_m \$V~maH$m _Z
Ab_m d VAb_m) &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
n[a{eQ>
_ g_PVm h {H$ hOaV AH$Xg _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbmVmo
dgbm_ H$s gMmB H$mo {g H$aZo Ho$ {bE ò ~mah g~yV Omo _Zo
dUZ {H$E h n`mV h Ama Omo `pV ^r g`-mpV H$s Zr`V go BZ
na {dMma H$aoJm dh {ddgZr` g` VH$ nhM OmEJm {H$ hOaV
AH$Xg(A) Abmh VAmbm Ho$ _grh Ama CgHo$ _m_ya VWm nJ~a h
Ama `h {H$ A~ {H$gr A` _grh H$s Vrjm `W h VWm `mgm| H$s
^m{V Amn(A) na B_mZ bmZo Ho$ {bE XmS>oJm & Bg lIbm _| lIbm~
hmoZo H$mo AnZo {bE H$`mUH$mar g_PoJm {Ogo _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_
Zo V`ma {H$`m h &
EH$ _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbo `pV Ho$ {bE Abmh VAmbm Ama
CgHo$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gm` go A{YH$ {H$g dVw
H$m _hd hmo gH$Vm h Ama Ogm {H$ _ dUZ H$a Am`m h, hOaV
AH$Xg Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ Xmdo Ho$ gX^ _| Abmh VAmbm H$r gm` ^r
{d_mZ h VWm Cg Ho$ agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gm` ^r
341
Xm'dVwb A_ra
CnbY h A{nVw òH$ Z~r H$s {OgH$m H$bm_ gwa{jV h Amn Ho$ Xmdo
H$s gMmB na gm` CnbY h & ~w{ H$hVr h {H$ Bg `wJ _| EH$
gwYmaH$ AmZm Mm{hE & agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo Omo
{Zem{Z`m _grh _mD$X Ama _hXr-E-_m'hX H$s dUZ H$s Wt do nyU hmo
MwH$s h & AmnH$m n{d OrdZ AmnHo$ Xmdo na gmjr h & Bbm_ Ho$
{OZ ewAm| H$m _wH$m~bm H$aZo Ho$ {bE _grh _mD$X H$mo AmZm Wm Ama
{Og $n _| CZH$mo namV H$aZm Wm do ew Bg g_` CnpWV h VWm
_grh _mD$X Zo CZH$mo namV H$a {X`m h, _wgb_mZm| Ho$ AmV[aH$
CnmV Ama {dH$ma Cg gr_m VH$ nhM JE h {H$ CZ go ~T>H$a Hw$AmZ
H$ar_ H$s CnpW{V _| {dH$mam| Ama CnmVm| H$m CnZ hmoZm Ag^d h
Ama CZ H$m {ZdmaU ^r hOaV AH$Xg(A) Zo loR> go loR> T>J go H$a
{X`m h & Abmh VAmbm Zo AmnHo$ gmW OrdZ n`V Eogm `dhma
{H$`m Omo dh AnZo agybm| Ama {ÒZm| go H$aVm h & òH$ _XmZ _|
AmnH$mo {dO` XmZ H$s Ama òH$ XH$` go AmnH$mo gwa{jV aIm
Amn(A) Ho$ ewAm| Ho$ gmW ^r dhr `dhma hAm Omo _m_yam| Ama nJ~am|
Ho$ ewAm| Ho$ gmW hAm H$aVm h & H${V Ho$ {Z`_m| VH$ H$mo CgZo Amn
H$s godm _| VWm ndr Ama AmH$me H$mo AmnHo$ g_WZ _| bJm {X`m &
Hw$AmZr kmZ Ho$ ma Amn na Imob {XE VWm Hw$AmZr kmZm| H$mo H$m{eV
H$aZo Ho$ gmYZ Amn Ho$ {bE CnbY H$a {XE & `hm VH$ {H$ Amn(A)
Zo CZ bmoJm| H$mo Omo kmZ H$meb H$s ImZ g_Po OmVo Wo _wH$m~bo Ho$
{bE ~wbm`m naVw H$moB Amn(A) Ho$ _wH$m~bo na Z Am gH$m Ama
M_H$m[aH$ Vma na Amn H$m H$bm_ {dO`r ahm Ama
(bm `_gwh Bbb_wVhh$Z) Ho$ wXm Ho$ dmXo Zo
Amn H$s gMmB na gm` Xr, {\$a Amn na namoj H$m ma Imobm J`m
Ama AmnH$mo Abmh VAmbm Zo ghm| namoj Ho$ _m_bm| na gy{MV {H$`m
Omo AnZo g_` na nyU hmoH$a wXm Ho$ Vmn Ama VoO H$mo H$Q> H$aZo
H$m H$maU hE & Abmh VAmbm H$m {Z`_ h {H$ dh namoj Ho$ _m_bm|
na ~hVmV Ho$ gmW AnZo nJ~am| Ho$ A{V[aV {H$gr H$mo n[a{MV Zht
H$aVm & Amn(A) Zo AnZr g_V Am`w Abmh VAmbm Ama CgHo$ agyb
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ o_ _| `` H$a Xr & Eogo `pV
342
Abmh VAmbm H$s MmIQ> go YHo$ Zht {XE OmVo & AmnZo EH$ n{d
Ama H$m_ H$aZo dmbr O_mAV CnZ H$a Xr h {Og_| go EH$ g_yh
Eogm h {Og H$m wXm VAmbm go {deof g~Y h Ama Omo Xgao bmoJm| H$mo
Or{dV H$aZo VWm Am`mp_H$ _m_bm| H$mo ImobZo H$s `mo`Vm aIVm h,
Y_ na _wY h VWm gmgm[aH$ ~YZm| go nWH$, Bbm_ H$m h_XX VWm
BgHo$ Abmdm go {d_wI & AV: ~mdOyX BZ g~ gm`m| Ho$ Amn(A) Ho$
Xmdo H$mo drH$ma Z H$aZm VWm Amn(A) na B_mZ Z bmZm {H$gr H$ma
C{MV VWm Abmh VAmbm H$s pQ> _| {MH$a Zht hmo gH$Vm Ama
dmVd _| dh `pV Omo Bbm_ go o_ aIVm hmo VWm agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$m o_r hmo VWm AnZo `pVJV {hVm| na
Bbm_ Ho$ {hVm| H$mo _wIVm XoVm hmo Cg go Amem hr Zht H$s Om
gH$Vr {H$ Bg nQ>rH$aU Ho$ nMmV Mwn aho Ama g` H$mo drH$ma
H$aZo _| {db~ H$ao & `{X CnamoV g~yV Amn H$s gMmB H$mo {g
Zht H$aVo Vmo {\$a A` H$mZ go g~yV h {OZHo$ mam nydH$mbrZ Z{~`m|
H$s gMmB {g hB Ama {OZHo$ H$maU Z{~`m| na B_mZ bm`m OmVm
h & `{X CZ go ~T>H$a A{nVw agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Ho$ A{V[aV eof g_V Z{~`m| Ho$ g~Y _| BVZo g~yV ^r Zht {_bVo
{OVZo D$na dUZ hE Vmo {\$a `m H$maU h {H$ CZ na B_mZ bm`m
OmVm h & `{X B_mZ Ho$db _mVm-{nVm go gwZr-gwZmB ~mVm| H$mo XmohamZo
H$m Zm_ Zht A{nVw OmM-nS>Vmb H$aHo$ {H$gr ~mV H$mo drH$ma H$aZo
H$m Zm_ h Vmo {\$a Xmo ~mVm| _| go EH$ Ad` drH$ma H$aZm nS>oJr &
`m Vmo g_V Z{~`m| H$m BH$ma H$aZm nS>oJm `m hOaV AH$Xg _grh
_mD$X Ab{hgbm_ Ho$ Xmdo H$mo drH$ma H$aZm nS>oJm & _ ho ~mXemh !
Amn Ogo {ddoH$erb Ama drU emgH$ go `hr Amem H$aVm h {H$ Amn
~mX _| MMm {H$E JE Xgao _mJ H$mo AnZmEJo Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$
nJ~a H$mo Omo Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s gMmB Ho$
H$Q>Z VWm Bbm_ H$mo {dO`r H$aZo Ama _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbm| H$mo
nwZ: _wgb_mZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Am`m h drH$ma H$aZo _| {db~ Zht
H$a|Jo, `m|{H$ Abmh VAmbm H$s BN>m H$mo drH$ma H$aZm CgHo$ BamXo
Ho$ AZwgma ~hV gr ~aH$Vm| H$m H$maU hmoVm h VWm CgH$s BN>m Ho$
Xm'dVwb A_ra
343
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{dnarV IS>m hmo OmZm H$^r ^r ~aH$V dmbm Zht hmoVm &
Bbm_ H$s pW{V Bg g_` X`Zr` h Ama g^d Zht {H$ Omo
`pV Bg Y_ go gMm o_ aIVm hmo CgH$m X` Bg pW{V H$mo
XoIH$a Cg g_` VH$ gZ hmo gHo$ O~ VH$ dh CgH$s g\$bVm Ho$
{bE gmYZ CnbY Z H$amE VWm Cgo ha H$ma Ho$ IVam| go gwa{jV Z
XoI bo & ew Vmo CgH$s ewVm _| BVZo AJga h {H$ CZH$mo Bg_| H$moB
{deofVm hr {XImB Zht XoVr & ga go nmd VH$ Xmof hr Xmof {ZH$mbVo
h & Omo {_ H$hbmVo h do ^r `m Vmo X` go Cg go KUm H$aVo h
`m CgH$s Amoa CZH$m H$moB `mZ Zht & Bbm_ CZH$s Or^m| na h
naVw H$R> go ZrMo Zht CVaVm & CZH$m g_V `mZ amOZr{V H$s Amoa
h & `{X H$moB Xoe hmW go {ZH$b OmE Vmo do YaVr Ama AmH$me H$mo
ga na CR>m boVo h, naVw `{X ghm| Ama bmIm| bmoJ Bbm_ H$mo
`mJ H$a BgmB `m {hX hmo OmE Vmo Ch| Hw$N> nadmh Zht & gmgm[aH$
{hVm| H$s mpV Ho$ {bE Vmo CZ _| d`godH$m| H$s H$moB H$_r Zht, naVw
Y_-Mma Ho$ {bE CZ_| go EH$ ^r ~mha Zht {ZH$bVm & Q>H$s Ho$
~mXemh H$s {bm\$V H$m `{X H$moB BH$mar hmo Vmo CZHo$ eara _| AmJ
bJ OmVr h naVw agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s [agmbV
(agyb hmoZm) H$m H$moB IS>Z H$a Xo Vmo CZ H$m dm{^_mZ Omoe _| Zht
AmVm & CZH$s `h pW{V {XZ-{V{XZ ~T>Vr OmVr h & {hXVmZ H$s
pW{V Vmo A~ `h h {H$ A` Y_m] Ho$ bmoJm| _| Mma H$aZm Vmo Xa
H$s ~mV h, CZH$s Amoa go Bbm_ na Omo AmH$_U hmoVo h `{X CZ H$m
^r Cma {X`m OmE Vmo d` _wgb_mZ H$hbmZo dmbo bmoJm| Ho$ H$R> Y
OmVo h VWm Cgo g_` Ho$ {hV Ho$ {d ~VmVo h & AV: Bbm_ EH$
`W dVw H$s ^m{V Kam| go {ZH$mbH$a \|$H$ {X`m J`m h Ama Ho$db
CgH$m Zm_ amOZ{VH$ bm^m| H$s mpV hoVw aI {b`m J`m h & Bg
pW{V Ho$ {ZdmaU H$aZo VWm Bbm_ H$mo H$Q> go ~MmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$db
EH$ hr gmYZ h {H$ _grh _mD$X(A) H$mo drH$ma {H$`m OmE VWm Cgr
Ho$ Xm_Z go d` H$mo Am~ {H$`m OmE & CgH$s N>m`m _| AmZo Ho$ {~Zm
CZ{V H$m H$moB _mJ Iwbm Zht & A~ Vbdma H$m {OhmX Bbm_ Ho$
{bE bm^X Zht hmo gH$Vm, O~ VH$ B_mZ _| gwYma Z hm|Jo VWm bmoJ
344
Bbm_ H$m ghr AW Z g_P|Jo, Ama {\$a Abmh VAmbm H$s agr H$mo
g~ Ho$ g~ T>VmnyydH$ Z nH$S> b|Jo Bbm_ H$s CZ{V Ama CWmZ Ho$
gm_mZ CnZ Zht hmo gH$Vo & ggma Zo agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h
d gb_ na Eo{VamO {H$`m Wm {H$ Amn (g.A.d.) Zo (ZmD$Ow{~bmh)
Vbdma Ho$ mam Bbm_ H$m gma {H$`m Wm A`Wm X` na ^md H$aZo
dmbo g~yV Amn Ho$ nmg Zht Wo VWm d` _wgb_mZ Bg ~mV H$m
g_WZ H$aVo Wo & A~ Abmh VAmbm MmhVm h {H$ Bg Amamon H$mo
AnZo agyb gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ go Xa H$ao VWm Cg Zo Bg
Co` go agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s C_V _| go EH$
`pV H$mo _grh H$aHo$ ôOm h Vm{H$ CgHo$ mam g~yVm| Ama VH$m] H$s
Vbdma go ew H$mo nam{OV H$ao Ama Bbm_ H$mo {dO`r, Vm{H$ ggma
H$mo kmV hmo {H$ Omo H$m` EH$ godH$ H$a gH$Vm h dm_r Cgo W_
loUr _| H$a gH$Vm Wm & A~ Bg _m`_ Ho$ A{V[aV Bbm_ H$s
ghm`Vm H$m A` H$moB gmYZ Zht & Abmh VAmbm MmhVm h {H$ agybo
H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Ho$ ewAm| H$mo Amn (g.A.d.) H$s
Jwbm_r _| Xm{b H$ao Ama CgH$m EH$ hr _mJ h {H$ Cg gMo Bbm_
H$mo Omo _grh _mD$X(A) bm`m h Cg ghr _mJ go Omo _grh _mD$X(A) Zo
~Vm`m h Cg {ZdmW B_mZ Ho$ gmW Omo _grh _mD$X(A) Zo X`m| _|
CnZ {H$`m h ggma Ho$ g_j VwV {H$`m OmE VWm ^ybo-^Q>H$m| H$mo
gX_mJ na bm`m OmE & `{X Abmh VAmbm H$s BN>m hmoVr {H$ {H$gr
A` _m`_ go Bbm_ H$mo CZ{V Xo Vmo dh nyd Ho$ g~ _mJm] H$mo ~X
`m| H$aVm ? AV: _grh _mD$X(A) go Xa ahZm Ogo Bbm_ H$s CZ{V
Ama CWmZ _| ~mYm CnZ H$aZm h VWm ewAm| H$mo Adga XoZm h {H$
do agybo nmH$ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ na AmH$_U H$a| VWm AmnHo$
g_mZ na Vra MbmE, {Ogo H$moB dm{^_mZr _wgb_mZ ghZ Zht H$a
gH$Vm &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ \$a_mVo h {H$ dh C_V
{H$g H$ma ZQ> hmo gH$Vr h {OgHo$ EH$ Amoa _ h Ama Xgar Amoa
_grh _mD$X(A) 330 {Og go kmV hmoVm h {H$ Cgr `pV H$m B_mZ
gwa{jV ah gH$Vm h Omo BZ XmoZm| Xrdmam| Ho$ AXa Am OmE & AV:
Xm'dVwb A_ra
345
Xm'dVwb A_ra
_grh _mD$X(A) Ho$ Am OmZo Ho$ CnamV Omo Cg na B_mZ Zht bmVm
dh Abmh VAmbm H$s gwajm go ~mha h, Ama Omo _grh _mD$X(A) Ho$
_mJ _| ~mYm ~ZVm h dh dmVd _| Bbm_ H$m ew h VWm Bbm_
H$s CZ{V Cgo AN>r Zht bJVr & A`Wm dh Cg Xrdma Ho$ Wm{nV
hmoZo _| `m| ~mYm S>mbVm, {OgHo$ mam Bbm_ gwa{jV hmoVm h, dh
Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$mon H$s Vbdma Ho$ ZrMo h, C{MV hmoVm {H$
CgH$s _m Cgo O_ Z XoVr Ama dh {_>r ahVm, Bg Aew^ {XZ H$mo Z
XoIVm &
ho ~mXemh ! _grh _mD$X(A) Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ gmW Abmh VAmbm
Ho$ ~S>o-~S>o dmXo gbZ h, CgHo$ mam Bbm_ H$mo EH$ Z`m OrdZ {X`m
OmEJm {Og H$ma EH$ ewH$ noS> Vrd dfm go Omo `Wm-g_` na nS>Vr
h ham hmo OmVm h Cgr H$ma _grh _mD$X(A) Ho$ AmJ_Z go Bbm_
ham-âm hmoJm Ama EH$ ZdrZ epV Ama \y${V VWm ZB $h CZ bmoJm|
H$mo Xr OmEJr Omo _grh _mD$X(A) na B_mZ bmEJo & Abmh VAmbm Zo
Xoa VH$ Y` go H$m_ {b`m Ama Mwn ahm, naVw A~ dh Mwn Zht
ahoJm, dh H$^r Bg ~mV H$s AZw_{V Zht XoJm {H$ Cg Ho$ ~Xo H$mo
CgH$m ^mJrXma ~Zm`m OmE, CgH$m ~oQ>m ~Zm H$a `m AmH$me na
Or{dV _mZ H$a `m _VH$m| H$mo Or{dV H$aZo dmbm Ama ZdrZ gpQ>
CnZ H$aZo dmbm R>hamH$a, dh X`m H$aZo dmbm h naVw dm{^_mZr
^r h, CgZo Xoa VH$ Vrjm H$s {H$ Cg H$s n{d {H$Vm~ H$s Amoa
bmoJ H$~ `mZ XoVo h, naVw _wgb_mZ Cg H$s Amoa go {d_wI hmo
JE do Ama `W ~mVm| H$s Amoa `mZ XoZo bJo naVw Chm|Zo Abmh
VAmbm Ho$ H$bm_ H$mo H$moB _hd Z {X`m VWm `h Am`V Ch| _aU Z
ahr {H$ (`m a~o BZm
H$m{_mOy hmOb Hw$AmZm _hOyam) AV: Abmh VAmbm Zo CZ H$s
Amoa go _wI \o$a {b`m Ama A~ dh Cg g_` VH$ CZH$s Amoa _wI
Zht H$aoJm O~ VH$ dh CgHo$ _grh _mD$X(A) Ho$ hmW _| AnZm hmW
XoH$a Bg ~mV H$m BH$ama Zht H$aVo {H$ do ^{d` _| Bggo bmnadmhr
Zht H$a|Jo VWm AnZr {nN>br Jb{V`m| H$m {ZdmaU H$a|Jo & bmoJm| Zo
ggma go o_ {H$`m naVw Abmh VAmbm go o_ Z {H$`m Vmo Abmh
346
VAmbm Zo ggma ^r CZ go bo {b`m Ama CZ na An_mZ H$s _ma _mar,
Chm|Zo _wgb_mZ H$hbm H$a Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {`V_ H$mo Vmo ndr _|
XZ {H$`m naVw hOaV _grh H$mo Or{dV AmH$me na Om ~R>m`m, Vmo
CgZo ^r CZH$mo ndr na _gb {X`m Ama BgmB`m| H$mo CZ go gam| na
bmH$a gdma {H$`m & CZH$s `h pW{V n[ad{VV Zht hmo gH$Vr O~ VH$
{H$ do AnZm AmV[aH$ gwYma Z H$a| & `j `wpV`m AmO Hw$N> H$m_ Zht
Xo gH$Vt `m|{H$ `h g_V V~mhr Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$mon Ho$ \$bd$n
h, O~ VH$ _wgb_mZ Abmh VAmbm go _r Zht H$a|Jo Cg g_` VH$
{XZ-{V{XZ An_m{ZV hr hmoVo Mbo OmEJo & AV: _w~maH$ dh Omo
Abmh VAmbm go _r H$aZo H$mo XmS >Vm h {ZM` hr dh An_mZ go
gwa{jV aIm OmEJm Ama Abmh VAmbm H$s ghm`Vm CgHo$ gmW hmoJr
Ama CgH$m hmW CgHo$ AmJo-AmJo hmoJm &
ho ~mXemh ! _grh _mD$X(A) H$m AmJ_Z H$moB gmYmaU KQ>Zm Zht
A{nVw ~hV ~S>r KQ>Zm h & _grh _mD$X dh h {Ogo agybo H$ar_
gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ Zo ôOm h 332 Ama \$a_m`m h {H$ - Mmho
H${R>Z go H${R>Z H$Q> CR>m H$a ^r CgHo$ nmg OmZm nS>o V~ ^r
_wgb_mZm| H$mo CgHo$ nmg OmZm Mm{hE & 333 CgHo$ gX^ _| ggma Ho$
g_V Y_m] _| ^{d`dm{U`m nmB OmVr h Ama H$moB Z~r Zht {OgZo
CgHo$ AmZo H$s gyMZm Z Xr hmo & AV: {Og _Zw` H$s BVZo Z{~`m| Zo
gyMZm Xr h VWm AnZr C_Vm| H$mo CgHo$ AmJ_Z H$m VrjH$ ~Zm`m
h dh {H$VZm ~S>m _Zw` hmoJm Ama H$gm _w~maH$ hmoJm, dh `pV
{Og H$mo CgH$m `wJ {_b OmE Ama dh CgH$s ~aH$Vm| go ^mJ mV
H$a bo &
ho ~mXemh ! Abmh VAmbm Ho$ _m_ya Ama nJ~a {XZ-{V{XZ
Zht Am`m H$aVo Ama {deof H$a Bg H$ma Ho$ _hmZ nJ~a {H$ {Og
H$ma H$m _grh _mD$X(A) h & agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
mam A` {H$gr `pV Ho$ gX^ _| BVZo ew^ g_mMmam| H$m dUZ Zht &
dh Z~r H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s C_V Ho$ {bE
br\$mAm| H$s _wha h Ama CgHo$ nMmV b` Ho$ g_` H$s hr Vrjm
H$s Om gH$Vr h & AV: CgHo$ `wJ H$m EH$-EH$ {XZ _y`dmZ h BVZm
Xm'dVwb A_ra
347
Xm'dVwb A_ra
_y`dmZ {H$ ggma Ama Omo Hw$N> Cg _| h Cg H$s VwbZm _| VwN> Ama
AY_ h & gm^mèmbr h dh _Zw` Omo CgHo$ _hd H$mo g_PVm h
Ama Cg na B_mZ bmH$a Abmh VAmbm H$s gZVm mV H$aZm
MmhVm h `m|{H$ dh AnZo CnZ hmoZo Ho$ Co` H$mo nm J`m VWm
~XJr H$m ah` Cg na Iwb J`m &
ho ~mXemh ! O~ Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go H$moB _m_ya AmVm h
Vmo Cg H$s O_mAV h_oem EH$ g_mZ pW{V _| Zht ahVr, dh {ZYZm|
go Ama^ hmoVr h Ama ~mXemhm| na OmH$a AV hmoVm h VWm EH$ g_`
Eogm AmVm h {H$ dh Cg jo na A{YH$ma mV H$a boVr h, {OgH$s
Amoa dh _m_ya {OgZo Cg O_mAV H$mo Wm{nV {H$`m Wm, ôOm J`m
Wm & AV: h_oem `hr pW{V Zht ahoJr {H$ h_mar O_mAV {ZYZm| H$s
O_mAV aho A{nVw `h {XZ XwJwZr Ama amV MmJwZr CZ{V H$aoJr, ggma
H$s gaH$ma| {_b H$a ^r CgH$s CZ{V Ama {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo amoH$
Zht gH$Vt & EH$ {XZ Eogm AmEJm {H$ `h g_V O_mAVm| Ama
gXm`m| H$mo Im OmEJr & Ogm {H$ hOaV AH$Xg(A) H$m Bhm_ h {H$
Voao _mZZo dmbo b` VH$ Voao BH$ma H$aZo dmbm| na {dO`r ah|Jo 334
Ama Ogm {H$ Amn(A) H$m Bhm_ h {H$ dh bmoJm| H$mo Omo AmnH$s ~AV
_| em{_b Z hm|Jo H$_ H$aVm Mbm OmEJm 335 Ama Eogm hmoJm {H$ ggma
Ho$ ~mXemh ^{d` _| Bgr O_mAV _| go hm|Jo, `h nam{OV Zht ahoJr
A{nVw {dO`r hmo OmEJr VWm namV Zht ahoJr A{nVw {dO` mV H$a
boJr Ogm {H$ hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$m Bhm_ h {H$ :""~mXemh Voao H$nS>m| go ~aH$V Ty>T>|Jo'' 336 naVw òH$ H$m` H$m EH$
g_` hmoVm h & EH$ hr H$m` EH$ g_` _| _Zw` H$mo ~S>o g_mZ H$m
Cmam{YH$mar ~Zm XoVm h Ama Xgao g_` _| Cg H$m` H$mo H$moB nyN>Vm
^r Zht ! agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ na ma^ _| B_mZ
bmZo dmbo AmO VH$ ggma Ho$ gaXma ~Zo hE h, naVw Omo Cg g_`
B_mZ bmE O~ Bbm_ H$mo ^wd mV hmo MwH$m Wm, CZ_| go A{YH$me
Ho$ bmoJ Zm_ ^r Zht OmZVo & AV: Omo `pV Cg g_` {H$ `h
O_mAV {Z~b g_Pr OmVr h B_mZ bmVm h dh Abmh VAmbm Ho$
{ZH$Q> mW{_H$Vm nmZo dmbm| _| {bIm OmEJm VWm {deof BZm_m| H$m
348
Cmam{YH$mar hmoJm VWm _hmZ ~aH$Vm| H$mo XoIoJm & `{n ~hV
g_` `VrV hmo MwH$m h naVw {\$a ^r g_mZ Ho$ ma A^r Iwbo
Ama Abmh VAmbm H$m gm{Z` mV H$aZm A^r gab h & AV:
Bg ~mV H$s Amoa Amn H$m `mZ AmH${fV H$aVm h {H$ Bg g_`
_hd H$mo g_P| Ama Xm'dVwb A_ra
gm
h
_
Ho$
(a~Zm BZZm g{_AZm _wZm{X``wZmXr {bbB_mZo AZ Am{_Zy

{~a~oHw$_ \$Am_Zm) H$hVo hE Bg AmdmO na b~H$ (CnpWV h)
H$h| {Ogo d` Abmh VAmbm Zo D$Mm {H$`m h Vm{H$ Amn CgHo$ _m`
Ama {` hmo OmE &
_ Amn go gM-gM H$hVm h {H$ Ah_{X`V Ho$ ~mha Abmh
VAmbm Zht {_b gH$Vm & òH$ `pV Omo AnZo X` H$mo Q>Q>moboJm
Cgo kmV hmo OmEJm {H$ CgHo$ X` _| Abmh VAmbm Ama CgH$s ~mVm|
na dh {ddmg Ama T>Vm Zht Omo {ZpMV Ama {ddgZr` ~mVm| na
hmoZm Mm{hE Ama Z dh AnZo X` _| dh H$me nmEJm {OgHo$ A^md
_| Abmh VAmbm H$m Moham {XImB Zht Xo gH$Vm & `h {ddmg `h
T>Vm Ama `h H$me hOaV _grh _mD$X Ab{hgbm_ H$s O_mAV Ho$
~mha H$ht Zht {_b gH$Vm, `m|{H$ Abmh VAmbm MmhVm h {H$ g~
H$mo EH$ {~Xw na EH$ H$ao, naVw `m H$moB Omo _`w na pQ> aIVm
h Cg OrdZ na gZ hmo gH$Vm h Omo Abmh VAmbm go Xar _|
`VrV hmo Ama {Og_| Abmh VAmbm Ho$ H$me go ^mJ Z {_bo &
AV: Bg H$me H$mo mV H$s{OE Ama Cg {ddmg H$s Amoa Xm{S>E Omo
Ah_{X`V hr _| mV hmo gH$Vm h {Og Ho$ {~Zm OrdZ {~Hw$b
{ZaWH$ Ama AmZX-{dhrZ h & Xgam| go AJga a{hE Vm{H$ ^mdr Zbm|
_| ^r Amn H$m Zm_ AmXa Ama g_mZ Ho$ gmW {b`m OmE Ama `wJ Ho$
AV VH$ Amn Ho$ Zm_ na ah_V| ôOZo dmbo CnpWV ah| &
{ZgXoh Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {gb{gbm| _| doe H$aZo dmbo bmoJ ~S>o
^ma Ho$ ZrMo X~ OmVo h naVw òH$ ^ma H$Q>Xm`H$ Zht hmoVm, `m
dh _Zw` Omo AnZr nyU df H$s Am` ga na aI H$a AnZo Ka bmVm
h, ^ma _hgyg H$aVm h `m dh _m Omo AnZm ~mbH$ JmoX _| CR>mE
349
Xm'dVwb A_ra
{\$aVr h ^ma _hgyg H$aVr h ? Bgr H$ma Abmh VAmbm Ho$ Y_
H$s godm _| ^mJ boZm VWm CgHo$ {bE `mg H$aZm _mo{_Z Ho$ {bE ^ma
Zht hmoVm, Xgao Cgo ^ma g_PVo h naVw dh Cgo {~Hw$b Amam_
g_PVm h & AV: BZ Xm{`dm| go Z K~amBE Omo g` H$mo drH$ma
H$aZo go _Zw` na AmVo h VWm Abmh VAmbm Ho$ CnH$mam| H$mo _aU
H$aVo hE Ama _wh_X agybwbmh gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ H$s H$nmAm|
H$mo gmoMVo hE Bg ^ma Ho$ ZrMo AnZm H$Ym Xo Xr{OE {OgH$m CR>mZm
òH$ _wgb_mZ H$m H$m` h & Amn ~mXemh h naVw Abmh VAmbm
Ho$ g_j Amn Ama A` bmoJ g_mZ h & {Og H$ma CZ na Bbm_
H$s godm A{Zdm` h Amn na ^r A[Zdm` h Ama {Og H$ma CZ Ho$
{bE Abmh VAmbm Ho$ _m_yam| H$mo drH$ma H$aZm Amd`H$ h, AmnHo$
{bE ^r Amd`H$ h & AV: Abmh VAmbm Ho$ AmXoem| Ama CZHo$
{dVaUm| H$mo drH$ma H$s{OE VWm CgHo$ Wm{nV {H$E hE {gb{gbo _|
doe H$aHo$ Abmh VAmbm Ho$ BZm_m| go ^mJ br{OE {H$ CZ _| g~ go
N>moQ>m AmnHo$ gnyU emgZ go ~S>m Ama A{YH$ _y`dmZ h &
agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ \$a_mVo h (_Z \$maH$b O_mAVm {e~aZ \$bgm
{_Zm) AVEd Abmh VAmbm H$s Wm{nV H$s hB O_mAV go nWH$
ahZm {ZVmV ^` H$m WmZ h Ama {deofV`m ~mXemhm| Ho$ {bE {H$ CZ
na Xmohao Xm{`d bmJy hmoVo h & EH$ CZHo$ AnZo Ama EH$ CZH$s Om
Ho$ & ~hV go _yI Y_ Ho$ _m_bo _| ^r AnZo ~mXemh H$s Amoa XoIVo
h & AV: Abmh VAmbm Ho$ {ZH$Q> CZH$s JpV`m| Ho$ CmaXm`r CZHo$
~mXemh g_Po OmVo h & O~ agybo H$ar_ gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_
Zo "H$ga' H$mo n {bIm Wm Vmo Amn (g.A.d.) Zo CgH$mo Bgr ~mV H$s
Amoa `mZ {Xbm H$a g` H$mo erK drH$ma H$aZo H$s oaUm Xr Wr Ama
{bIm Wm {H$
(\$BZ VdbVm \$AbH$m
B_wb AargrZm) {H$ `{X VyZo BH$ma H$a {X`m Vmo VwP na O_rXmam|
H$m nmn ^r hmoJm & AV: Amn g` H$mo drH$ma H$aHo$ AnZr Om Ho$
_mJ go dh ~mYm hQ>m X| Omo A~ AmnHo$ _mJ _| ~m{YV h Vm{H$ CgHo$
nmn Amn H$mo Z {XE OmE A{nVw CZ Ho$ ew^ H$_ Amn H$mo mV hm|
350
`m|{H$ {Og H$ma dh ~mXemh Omo g` H$m BH$ma H$aHo$ Xgam| Ho$ {bE
~mYm ~ZVm h CZ Ho$ nmnm| _| ^mJrXma R>ham`m OmVm h, Bgr H$ma
dh ~mXemh Omo g` H$mo drH$ma H$aHo$ Xgam| Ho$ {bE g` H$mo drH$ma
H$aZo H$m _mJ ImobVm h CZHo$ nw` _| ^mJrXma {H$`m OmVm h &
`h ggma Hw$N> {XZm| H$m h Ama Z _mby_ H$mZ H$~ VH$ Or{dV
ahoJm & AVV: òH$ H$mo _aZm h Ama Abmh VAmbm Ho$ g_j VwV
hmoZm h & Cg g_` ghr AmWmAm| Ama ew^ H$_m] Ho$ A{V[aV Ama
Hw$N> H$m_ Zht AmEJm & {ZYZ ^r Bg ggma go Imbr hmW OmVm h
Ama YZdmZ ^r, Z ~mXemh A~ VH$ Bg ggma go Hw$N> bo JE Z
{ZYZ & gmW OmZo dmbm Ho$db B_mZ h `m ew^ H$_ & AV: Abmh
VAmbm Ho$ _m_ya na B_mZ bmBE Vm{H$ Abmh VAmbm H$s Amoa go Amn
H$mo empV XmZ H$s OmE Ama Bbm_ H$s AmdmO H$mo drH$ma H$s{OE
Vm{H$ gbm_Vr (gwajm) go Amn H$mo ^mJ {_bo & _ AmO Bg H$m`
H$mo nyU H$a MwH$m Omo _wP na Wm & Abmh VAmbm H$m nJm_ (gXoe)
_Zo AmnH$mo nhMm {X`m h & A~ drH$ma H$aZm, Z H$aZm Amn H$m
H$m_ h & hm _wPo Amn go Amem Ad` h {H$ Amn _oao n na nyU$n
go {dMma H$a|Jo Ama O~ BgH$mo {~Hw$b g` Ama C{MV nmEJo Vmo g_`
Ho$ _m_ya na B_mZ bmZo _| gH$moM Z H$a| & Abmh VAmbm H$ao Eogm
hr hmo &
(d Am{amo Xm'dmZm A{ZbhXmo
{bbmho ap~b Amb_rZ !)
Xm'dVwb A_ra
***
*
351
Xm'dVwb A_ra
Xm'dVwb A_ra
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
AbhO : 79
`gB`mh ~m~ : 62 Am`V-2, {~{Q>e ES> \$maZ ~mB~b
gmogm`Q>r, AZmaH$br bmhma, H$meZ 1906 B.
{Va{_Or Adm~wb AhH$m_ ~m~ _m OmAm {\$mXrX Abm
_Òm bh {~e`BZ b`gm bh A`mwOh
_wZX Ah_X {~Z h~b {OX-5, nR> 207
AZhb : 51
\$m{Va : 25
Ambo B_amZ : 82
Ab`dmH$sV dbOdm{ha {OX-2, nR>-22, H$m{eV {_ 1321
{hOr _| "b_m' Ho$ WmZ na "_m' H$m eX h &
Ab~H$ah : 187
_Am{b_wmOrb {\$mgra dmmdrb, boIH$ A~y _wh_X AbhgZ
{~Z _gD$X, ^mJ VVr`, nR> 243, H$m{eV "Xmb {\$H$' _|
Bg [adm`V Ho$ eX ò h :""b`m{V`Zm Abm OhZ_m O_mZwZ bgm \$shm AhXZ d Om{bH$m
~AXm _m `b~gyZm AhH$m~Z''
ApZgm : 173
Ab _mBXh : 118
Ambo B_amZ : 56
Xa} g_rZ \$magr, nR>-112, W_ gH$aU
~Zr BmBb : 94
~Zr BmBb : 94
eah _dm{hdwbwXpZ`h, boIH$ - B_m_ OaH$mZr, {OX - 1,
nR> - 35, H$m{eV - {_ 1325 {hOr &
Ambo B_amZ : 145
AOw_wa : 31
~wmar {H$Vm~wb _Zm{H$~, ~m~ H$mbwZ~r gbbmhmo Ab`ho d
352
gb_ bm Hw$Vmo _wm{OZ brbZ
~wmar {H$Vm~wb _JmOr, ~m~ _aOwZ{~ò gbbmhmo Ab`ho d
gb_
V~H$mV BZo gAX, {OX-3, nR>-38, 39, 1405 {hOr _| ~$V
go H$m{eV &
__'A ~hmb Adma, {OX-1, nR> 286 _~A AbAmbr
Ab_wer Zdb{H$emoa, 1314 {hOr &
AOw_wa : 68
AaAX : 12
"BZo _mOm', {H$Vm~wb {\$VZ, ~m~ {eVwO_mZ gZ 1988 _|
~$V go H$m{eV &
"~wmar' {H$Vm~wb A{~`m, ~m~ ZwOyb BgZo _a`_
Amm~h : 26
Ambo B_amZ : 155
AOw_wa : 7
Ab Amam\$ : 27
Ab ~H$ah : 58
Ab hXrX : 26
Aeyam : 28
hm _r_ AgXh : 11
AmbmH$ : 11, 12
Amhar_ : 12, 13
Adm[a\w$b _Am[a\$, boIH$ eI ehm~wrZ ghadXu, ^mJ W_,
nR> 45
"~wmar' {H$Vm~wb _Zm{H$~ ~m~ _Zm{H$~ C_a {~Z Abmm~
Ab AhOm~ : 41
~wmar {H$Vm~wb _Zm{H$~, ~m~ mV_wZw~wdV
Ab H$mga : 4
"_wpb_' {H$Vm~wb hO, ~m~-\$bwgbmVo {~_pOXr _H$m ~b
_XrZm
Xm'dVwb A_ra
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
353
Xm'dVwb A_ra
"_wpb_' {H$Vm~wb A_mah, ~m~-dwOy~wb d\$mE {~ ~'A[Vb
br\$Vwb Adb \$b Adb
"_wpb_' {H$Vm~wbhO, ~m~-\$bwgbmV {~_pOXr _H$m ~b
_XrZm
VH${_bm __Am ~hmb Adma, {OX-4, nR>-85, _V~A Ab
Ambr Ab_wer Zdb {H$emoa-1314 {hOr
Ab\$m{Vh: : 6, 7
ApZgmA : 67 go 71
ApZgmA : 146, 147
Ab Amam\$ : 34 go 36
"_wpb_' {H$Vm~wb {\$VZ, ~m~ {Ob XOmb d {g\$Vh d _m
_mAh
Ab\w$aH$mZ : 53
Ab_wZm{\$Hy$Z : 2
Ab ~H$ah : 257
Ab ~H$ah : 191
AbhO : 40, 41
\$bm Vw{VBb H$m{\$arZm d Om{hXh_ {~hr {OhmXZ H$~raZ,
(Ab\w$aH$mZ : 53)
*- \$B{ZAVObyHw$_ \$b_ `wH$m{VbyHw$_ d AH$m Bb`Hw$_wgb_m
\$_m OAbbmhmo bHw$_ Ab`{h_ g~rbZ (ApZgmA : 91)
*- d H$m{Vby \$s g~r{bbm{hbOrZ `wH$m{VbyZHw$_ dbm
Vm'VX BZbmhm bm `w{h~wb _m'VXrZ (Ab ~H$ah : 191)
*- bm `hmHw$_wbmhmo A{ZbOrZm b_ `wH$m{VbyHw$_ {\$rZo d
b_ `w[aOyHw$_ {_Z {X`maoHw$_ AZV~$h_ d VwH${gVy Bb`{h_
BZbmhm `w{h~wb _wH${gVrZ (Ab_w_V{hZh : 9)
Ab ~H$ah : 190
Ambo B_amZ : 80, 81
AmZ : 39, 40
Ab hOa : 22
Xm'dVwb A_ra
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
354
B~mhr_ : 35
Abb : 13
Vmhm : 135
AbAAm_ : 131, 132
Ab hOa : 10
A~yXmD$X-{H$Vm~wb _bm{h_, ~m~ _m `wOH$amo {\$b {_AVo
hOOwbH$am_h \$s Amgm[ab {H$`m_Vo, boIH$-Zdm~ _wh_X
{grH$ hgZ ImZ, nR> 133, 1209 {hOr ^monmb go H$m{eV &
Ab\w$aH$mZ : 31
"~wmar'
{H$Vm~wmmhrX,
~m~
H$mbwbmho
VAmbm
d
ZOAb_dmOrZb {H$Vo {b`m{_b {H$`m_V
"_O_Cb ~hma' boIH$-e _wh_X Vm{ha, {OX-1, nR>-372,
_wZX Ah_X {~Z A~b, {OX-6, nR>-91
"~wmar' {H$Vm~wb AOmZ, ~m~ dwOy~o gbm{VbO_mAVo
Xa} g_rZ \$magr, nR> 96, W_ gH$aU, {O`mCb Bbm_ og
"BZo _mOm' {H$Vm~wb {\$VZ, ~m~ {eVwO_mZ-1988 B. _|
~$V go H$m{eV &
"H$OwbC_mb' (boIH$-Abm_m AbmCrZ Abr Ab_wmH$s {~Z
hgm_wrZ Ab {hXr Ab~wahmZ AZyar, Ab_wVd\$m-975 {hOr)
"H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, nR> 225, [adm`V 48495, 1975 B.
_| hb~ _| H$m{eV &
"BZo _mOm' {H$Vm~wb {\$VZ, ~m~ AamVwgmAV
"_wpb_' {H$Vm~wb {\$VZ, ~m~ VH$y_wgmAV d$_ AgZmg
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ, ~m~ _m OmAm BOm Oh~m {H$m \$bm
{H$m ~m'Xh
"hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab {H$`m_V, nR> 344, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr
"BZo _mOm' {H$Vm~wb{\$VZ {H$Vm~ ~XCb Bbm_mo Jar~Z
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s {\$VZ{VXOmb
"_wZX Ah_X {~Z h~b' {OX 2, nR> 90
355
Xm'dVwb A_ra
85. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s Alm{VgmAV
86. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab {H$`m_V, nR> 298, 1209 {hOr _|
^monmb go H$m{eV &
87. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb {\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm gVHy$Zmo {\$ZVwZ
H${H$VBb{bb _wO{b_
88. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab {H$`m_V, nR> 297, 1209 {hOr
^monmb go H$m{eV
89. "H$OwbC_mb', {OX 14, nR> 573 [adm`V 39726 hb~ go
H$m{eV, 1209 {hOr
90. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab{H$`m_V nR> 296, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
91. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab {H$`m_V, nR> 296, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
92. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wgbmV ~m~ _m OmAm \$s dp\$gbmV &
93. "{_H$mV' {H$Vm~wbB_ Ab\$bwgm{bg, nR> 38, H$Xr_r
Hw$Vw~mZm Amam_ ~mJ H$amMr go H$m{eV 1368 {hOr &
H$m{eV, 1209 {hOr &
95. "H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, [adm`V 39726 hb~ go H$m{eV,
1975 B. &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
97. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab{H$`m_V nR> 297 ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
99. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s Aam{VgmAV &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
101. "_wpb_' {H$Vm~wbBb_ ~m~ aCbB_ d H$OVmoh d OhybOhb
356
db{\$VZVo \$s Am{[aO_mZ &
102. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab {H$`m_V nR> 296, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr, "H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, nR> 224,
[adm`V 38465, hb~ go H$m{eV 1975 B. &
103. "_wpb_' {H$Vm~wbB_ ~m~ a\$CbB_ d H$OVmoh d OhbOhb
db{\$VZVo \$s Am{[aO_mZ &
104. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab{H$`m_h nR> 298, ^monmb go
H$m[eV 1209 {hOr &
105. "H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, nR> 574, [adm`V 39639 hb~ go
H$m{eV 1975 B. &
106. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab {H$`m_V, nR> 299, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
107. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab{H$`m_V, nR> 351, ^monmb go
H$m{eV, 1209 {hOr, "~hmbAdma' boIH$ eI _wh_X ~m{H$a
Ab_pbg {OX 52, nR> 304, ~$V (b~ZmZ) go H$m{eV
1983 B. &
108. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _mOmAm \$s Alm{VgmAV &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
110. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb {\$VZ, ~m~ _m OmAm \$s Alm{VgmAV &
111. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab{H$`m_V nR> 298, ^monb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
112. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s Alm{VgmAV &
113. "`wa\$CbB_mo d `wH$gbOhbmo', ~wmar {H$Vm~wpZH$mh ~m~
`{H$bw[aOmb d `H$gpZgmA &
114. "{Va{_Ou, Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s Alm{VgmAV &
115. "_wZX Ah_X {~Z h~b' {OX 3, nR> 439 &
116-117. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab{H$`m_V, nR> 297, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
118. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ, ~m~ _m OmAm \$s aBb A_mZV &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
357
Amg[ab{H$`m_V,
&
Amgm[ab{H$`m_V,
&
Amgm[ab{H$`m_V,
&
14, nR> 564,
Xm'dVwb A_ra
119. "hOOwbH$am_h' \$s

nR> 295, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr
nR> 297, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr
nR> 295, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr
122. "H$OwbC_mb' {OX
[adm`V 39609, hb~ go
H$m{eV, 1975 B. &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
124. "_wZX Ah_X {~Z h~b' {OX 3, nR> 439 &
125. "_wpb_' {H$Vm~wpb~mg, ~m~ ApZgmCbH$m{g`mV, Ab_m[a`mV,
Ab_mBbmV Ab_w_rbmV &
[adm`V 39639, hb~ go H$m{eV 1975 B. &
127. "H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, nR> 573, [adm`V 39639, hb~ go
H$m{eV 1975 B. &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
[adm`V 39639, hb~ go H$m{eV 1975 B. &
130. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s AZOmbm bm
`Xwbwb_XrZh &
131. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ {\$bg\$ &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
133. "_wpb_' {H$Vm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ {OH$Omb &
134. "{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s Alm{VgmAV &
358
"_wpb_' {H$Vm~wbB_mZ, ~m~ ZyOyb Bg~Zo _a`_ hm{H$_Z
{~earAVo Z{~p`Zm _wh_X gbbmhmo Ab{h d gb_ &
"H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, nR> 613, [adm`V 39709, hb~ go
H$m{eV 1975 B. &
"hOOwbH$am_h' \$s Amgm[ab{H$`m_V, nR> 298, ^monmb go
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
[adm`V 39639, hb~ go H$m{eV 1975 B. &
Ab ~H$ah : 280 &
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ' ~m~ _m OmAm \$s {\$VZ{VOmb &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
"_wpb_' {H$Vm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ bm VHy$_wgmAVmo hmm
`wh{gab\$amV AZ O~{bZ {_Z Oh{~Z &
"_wpb_' {H$Vm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ {OH$Omb d {g\$Vmoh d_m
_mAh &
"{hH$sb' ~m~ 38, Am`V 2, ~mB~b gmogm`Q>r, AZmaH$br,
bmhma, H$meZ 1944 B. (^mdmW) &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
[adm`V 39639, hb~ go H$m{eV 1975 B. &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
H$m{eV 1209 {hOr &
"gwZZ Xmao Hw$VZr' ~m~ {g\$Vmo gbm{Vbwgy\o$ dbHw$gy\o$ d
hAVo[h_m, {OX 2, nR> 65, 1966 B. _| {_ go H$m{eV &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
359
Xm'dVwb A_ra
"_Vr' ~m~ 24, Am`V 29, ~mB~b gmogm`Q>r AZmaH$br bmhma
H$meZ 1994 B. &
Ab{H$`m_h : 7 go 10 &
"AH$a~wb_dm[aX' {OX 2, nR> 1037, AVJV eX "H$_a'
1403 {hOr _| BamZ go H$m{eV &
`ygw\$ : 5 &
Agm\$mV : 103 &
AbH$h\$ : 5 &
"VmOwbC$g' {OX 7, nR> 318, AVJV eX "XOb' 1403
{hOr _| BamZ go H$m{eV &
"AH$a~wb_dm[aX' {OX 1, nR> 320, AVJV eX "XOb' &
"{bgmZwbAa~' {OX 4, nR> 294, AVJV eX "XOb' Xma
Bh`mCmwamgwbAa~r' go H$m{eV &
"{_H$mV' ~m~ {H$gVwZo g`mX, Ab \$bwb Adb, nR> 478,
H$Xr_r Hw$Vw~ImZm, Amam_ ~mJ H$amMr 1368 {hOr, "{Va{_Or'
Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s {OH$[aZo g`mX &
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ, ~m~ _m OmAm \$s AZOmbm bm
`Xwbwb _XrZh &
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s AZOmb bm
`Xwbwb_XrZh &
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm \$s {OH$[aZo g`mX &
`yZwg : 16, 17 &
Ab{~Xm`Vmo ~pZhm`Vmo {bAdm~wb{\$XmE Abhm{\$O BZo H$gra
^mJ VVr`, nR> 27, 1966 _| ~$V _| H$m{eV &
"~wmar' ~m~ H$\$m H$mZm ~XCbdr Bbm agy{bbmh gbbmhmo
Ab`ho d gb_ &
"BemAVwgwZh', {OX 6, Z. 7 nR> 176 &
"BemAVwgwZh', {OX 7, nR> 169, 170 &
"ZwOybwb _grh' nR> 214, $hmZr Om`Z {OX 18, nR> 590 &
Amm~h : 33 &
360
"Vgra Om{_Cb~`mZ' boIH$ A~r Om\$a _wh_X {~Z Owaa
A{m~r, {ZYZ 310 {hOr, {OX 28, nR> 58, {_ _| H$m{eV
1329 {hOr &
"~amhrZ Ah_{X`m' Mmam|^mJ, $hmZr Om`Z {OX 1, nR> 27,
28 &
"VmgwamVo H$m{X`mZ' boIH$ _{bH$ \$Ob hgZ, nR> 67, _wpb_
qqQ>J og, bmhma {Xg~a 1938 B. _|
`h eoa (N>X) Bg H$ma h :g~ _arOm| H$s h Vwht n {ZJmh
Vw_
_grhm
~Zmo
wXm
Ho$
{bE
"`yhZm' ~m~ 19, Am`V 31 go 34 {~{Q>e ES> \$maZ ~mB~b
gmogm`Q>r, bmhma, 1906 B. _| H$m{eV (^mdmW) &
_Vr, ~m~ 12, Am`V 39, 40 {~{Q>e ES> \$maZ ~mB~b
gmogm`Q>r, bmhma, 1906 B. _| H$m{eV (^mdmW) &
`yhZm, ~m~ 10, Am`V 16, {~{Q>e ES> \$maZ ~mB~b
gmogm`Q>r, bmhma, 1906 B. _| H$m{eV &
Ab_m{_ZyZ : 51 &
Ab{OZ : 27, 28 &
OZ_ gmIr ^mB ~mbm {hXr, H$meH$ nOm~ `yZrd{gQ>r,
MS>rJT>, nR> 211, 212 &
Ambo B_amZ : 20 &
\$m{Va : 25 &
AbhOa : 3 &
"{_H$mV' {H$Vm~wbB_, Ab\$bwgm{bg, nR> 38, H$Xr_r Hw$Vw~
mZm Amam_ ~mJ H$amMr 1368 {hOr, "H$OwbC_mb' {OX 6,
nR> 43, [adm`V 767 hXam~mX go H$m{eV 1313 {hOr _| eX
Bg H$ma CnbY h - ""bm `H$m {_Zb Bbm_o Bb_h'' &
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wbB_mZ, ~m~ _m OmAm \$s _`_yVmo d hdm
`hXmo AbmBbmhm Bbbmh &
"H$OwbC_mb' {OX 10, nR> 168, [adm`V 28869, hb~ _|
Xm'dVwb A_ra
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
361
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
Xm'dVwb A_ra
H$m{eV 1971 B. &

"~wmar' {H$Vm~wb OZmÒ, ~m~ "_m OmAm \$s H${~Z{~ò d
A~r ~H$[aZ d C_a a{O`bmhmo Ah_ &
AZhb : 22 &
AbA{~`m : 96 &
Ab_m{_ZyZ : 101
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wmgra, Vgra gyah Ambo B_amZ AVJV
Am`V - d_m H$mZm {bZ{~p`Z A`Jwbm... AV VH$ &
Ambo B_amZ : 50 &
Ab A\$mb : 25 &
AZhb : 21 &
AaAX : 17 &
AbhO : 74 &
Ambo B_amZ : 50 &
Ab ~H$ah : 31 &
Amhar_ : 7 &
Ab ~H$ah : 35 &
Ab hO : 53 &
AZ_ : 20, 21 &
"~wmar' {H$Vm~wmgra, Vgra gyah "AZ_' ~m~ H$mbmoh
\$Owbmh dm'~wX (hm{e`m) &
Ab hO : 53 &
Aeyam : 12 &
Abdm{H$Ah : 80 &
"~amhrZ Ah_{X`m' Mmam| ^mJ, $hmZr Om`Z {OX 1, nR>
20 go 23 &
AOm[a`mV : 57 &
Ab Amam\$ : 157 &
hX : 109 &
AmrZ : 7 &
362
"H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, nR> 527, [adm`V 39506 hb~ go
H$m{eV 1975 B. &
Ab ~H$ah : 280 &
Ab \$m{Vh: : 5 &
Ab \$m{Vh: : 6 &
Vmhm : 115 &
Ab _wOm{Xbh : 22 &
Ab_m{_Z : 52 &
Abhl : 7 &
AbhmH$h : 45 go 47 &
AbAAm_ : 22 &
AbAAm_ : 11, 12 &
VO{H$ah, nR> 34, MVwW gH$aU &
hH$sHw$Vbdr, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 22, nR> 388, 392
(^mdmW)
Ambo B_amZ : 62 &
d BO Hw$Zm {bb_bmBH${VOwX boAmX_ (Ab ~H$ah : 35) &
{bgmZwb Aa~, {OX 4, nR> 189, 190, AVJV eX "gOXm'
W_ gH$aU, {_ go H$m{eV, 1300 {hOr, {bgmZwbAa~,
{OX 6, nR> 76, AVJV eX "gOXm' ~$V (b~ZmZ) go
H$m{eV &
"{H$Vr Zyh', nR> 4, $hmZr Om`Z {OX 19, nR> 2,
Ab ~H$ah : 31 &
AbA{~`m : 75 &
AZb : 16 &
`ygw\$ : 23 &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
320.
321.
322.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
363
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
Xm'dVwb A_ra
AbH$gg : 15 &
ApZgmA : 114 &
Vmhm : 115 &
Ab ~H$ah : 24 &
hX : 2 &
AbhXm dmpgaVmo {b_àm, {H$Vm~ 1320 {hOr _| nyU hB Ama
12, OyZ 1902 H$mo H$m{eV hB &
"AbhH$_' 1, _B 1900 B. nR> 5 &
Ab ~H$ah : 48 &
Ambo B_amZ : 111 &
B~mhr_ : 5 &
VO{H$ah nR> 45, MVwW gH$aU &
Ab _m'O_wbH$~ra {bbhm{\$O A~rH$m{g_ gwb_mZ BZoAh_X
{V~amZr, {OX 18, nR> 353, hXrg Z. 900 _V~h BZo
V{_`h H$m{ham _| "aOwb' Ho$ WmZ na "[aOmb' H$m eX h &
Amdra : 1 go 14 &
Amdra : 18, 19 &
Ab ~H$ah : 256 &
Abdm{H$`h : 80 &
~amhrZ Ah_{X`m Mmam| ^mJ, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 1, nR>
304, 305 &
Ab {OZ : 27, 28 &
"BpVZm' ~m~ 18, Am`V 22, ~mB~b gmogmBQ>r AZmaH$br,
bmhma 1994 _| H$m{eV &
A_ra h~r~wbmh mZ emgH$ A\$Jm{ZVmZ AnZo {nVm
AXah_mZ H$s _`monamV 1, AQy>~a 1901 B. _| Jr na ~R>m
CgHo$ g_` _| S>o{daS> bmBZ {ZYm[aV H$s JB VWm {~Q>oZ Zo
A\$Jm{ZVmZ H$mo dVVm XoZo H$m dmXm {H$`m, 20, \$adar 1919
H$mo CgZo KmQ>r AbJma _| {H$bm ApgamO (Zm'_mZ) Ho$ {ZH$Q>
364
Jmoe _| nS>md S>mb aIm Wm {H$ CgH$m dY H$a {X`m J`m (CX
Om{_A BgmBbmonr{S>`m {OX 1, nR> 537 bmhma go H$m{eV,
1987 B. "CX XmBaE _Am[a\$ Bbm{_`m' {OX 7, nR> 886,
887, Xm{ZeJmh nOm~, bmhma go H$m{eV) &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.
774.
275.
Frank, A. Martin
"Under The Absolute Amir" Published in 1907.
AZhb : 70 &
AZb : 24 &
Xo{IE hm{e`m Z. 256, 257 &
Ab ~H$ah : 50 &
"w$O' ~m~ 1, Am`V 22, ~mB~b gmogm`Q>r, bmhma, 1994 _|
H$m{eV &
"VmOwbC$g' {OX 2, nR> 138, AVJV eX "{Oh' W_
gH$aU 1306 {hOr _| {_ go H$m{eV &
OJo _wH$g, nR> 210, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 6, nR> 292 &
ao`y Am\$ aobrOg, {gV~a 1902, nR> 342 go 345 (^mdmW)
&
AmBZm H$_mbmVo Bbm_, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 5, nR> 649 go
651 (^mdmW) &
"BpVVm' nR> 11, $hmZr Om`Z {OX 12, nR> 119 &
~aH$mVwAm, nR> 33, $hmZr Om`Z {OX 6 &
AmBZm H$_mbmVo Bbm_, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 5, nR> 639 &
hH$sH$Vwbdr, $hmZr Om`Z {OX 22, nR> 248 &
AbhH$ _w~m{hgm bw{Y`mZm, nR> 122, $hmZr Om`Z {OX
4,nR> 124 &
"H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, nR> 343, [adm`V 38878 hb~ go
H$m{eV, 1975 B. &
"ZybhH$' ^mJ {Vr`, nR> 46, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 8, nR>
365
Xm'dVwb A_ra
232 &
276. "w~m Bhm{_`m' nR> 303, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 16, nR>
303 &
277. A`m_wgwbh, nR> 120, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 14, nR> 346 &
278.
279. VO{H$ah, nR> 314, 315, MVwW gH$aU &
281. A`m_wgwbh, nR> 137, $hmZr Om`Z, {OX 14, nR> 363 &
282. VO{H$ah, nR> 515, MVwW gH$aU &
296. Ab AhOm~ : 11, 12 &
298. AZm{OAmV : 25 &
299. Balfour Arthur James (1848-1930 B.) {g {~{Q>e amOZr{Vk
AZoH$m| nXm| na nXmgrZ ahm, {~{Q>e H$Oado{Q>d nmQ>u _| 50 df
VH$ AnZr nmoOreZ Wm{nV aIr, 1902 go 1905 B. YmZ _r
ahm, CgZo {dXoe _r H$s h{g`V go 1917 B. _| {~b\$moa
KmofUm mam bVrZ H$mo `h{X`m| H$m H$m_r Xoe ~ZmZo H$s _mJ
366
H$m g_WZ {H$`m & (Xr `y BgmBbmonr{S>`m [~Q>m{ZH$m, {OX 1,
nR> 757, 758)
~Zr BmBb : 105 &
Vgra "\$Vhb~`mZ' boIH$ A~y Vp`~ {grH$ {~Z hgZ,
Vgra gyah "~Zr BmBb' Am`V "\$BOm OmAm dm'Xb Am{aVo'
Ho$ AVJV, {OX 5, nR> 371, 1301 {hOr _| {_ go
H$m{eV &
~Zr BmBb : 8 &
{ZH$mobg (Omao $g) Nicholas of Russia (1868-1918) $gr
~mXemhm| _| go ApV_ ~mXemh Wm & 26 _B 1895 B. _| _mH$mo
_| am`m{^foH$ hAm & {ZaHw$e Ama A`m`r Wm & $gr H$mpV Zo
_mM 1917 B. _| Cgo gmm `mJZo na {dde H$a {X`m & Cgo
W_ Oma Ho$ _hb H$d gbmo Ama {\$a Q>mo`mo{bH$ _| ~Xr aIm
J`m & 16, OwbmB 1918 B. ~mbe{dH$m| Zo EH$mQ>o[aZdJ Ho$ EH$
VhmZo _| CgHo$ ImZXmZ g{hV Cgo H$b H$a S>mbm & (CX
Om{_A BgmBbmonr{S>`m, {OX 2, nR> 1741, H$m{eV bmhma,
1988 B. BgmBbmonr{S>`m {~Q>m{ZH$m, gH$aU 11, {OX 19,
nR> 655)
Ho$agH$s AboOoS>a `yS>mo{dM Kerensky Alexander Feodorovich
(1881-1970) $gr amOZr{Vk Omo $gr H$mpV gmoe{bQ> nmQ>u go
g~Y aIVm Wm & 1912 B. _| dh Fourth Duma Ho$ {bE
{Zdm{MV hAm & VnMmV H$mZyZ _r VWm War Minister ~Zm`m
J`m & 1917 B. _| AWm`r Vma na YmZ_r amOHw$_ma ""byd''
H$m Cmam{YH$mar ~Zm, CgH$s AZr{V go "bo{ZZ' Zd~a _|
CgH$s gmm CbQ>Zo Ho$ `mo` hmo J`m & $g H$s H$mpV Ho$
nMmV A_arH$m _| eaU br & (BgmBbmonr{S>`m [~Q>m{ZH$m,
gH$aU 12, {OX 31, nR> 680, H$m{eV bXZ 1922 B. CX
Om{_A BgmBbmonr{S>`m {OX 2, nR> 1201, 1988 _| bmhma go
H$m{eV) &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
367
Xm'dVwb A_ra
hX : 28 &
Ab AH$~yV : 70 &
Ambo B_amZ : 32 &
Amm~: : 24 &
AmBZm H$_mbmV Bbm_, $hmZr OmBZ, {OX 5, nR> 658 &
AmBZm H$_mbmVo Bbm_, $hmZr OmBZ, {OX 5, nR> 649 &
"{Va{_Or' Adm~wb{\$VZ ~m~ _m OmAm {\$Omb 324 `yZwg :
84 &
Ab ~H$ah : 56 &
Ab AhOm~ : 24 &
Ab_m{_ZyZ : 15 &
VO{H$ah nR> 45, MVwW gH$aU &
Ab dm{H$Ah : 80 &
"H$OwbC_mb' {OX 14, nR> 347, [adm`V 38858 hb~ _|
H$m{eV 1975 B., d Bp_Z Ah{bb {H$Vm~ &
Ab \w$aH$mZ : 31 &
"Xa} _gya' boIH$ Abm_m ObmbwrZ Agw`yVr, {OX 2, nR>
242, AVJV Am`V ""d Bp_Z Ah{bb {H$Vm~'' &
"BZo _mOm' {H$Vm~wb{\$VZ, ~m~ w$Owb_hXr Xma Bh`mCb
368
{H$Vm{~bAa{~`h (1953 B.) mam H$m{eV &
Ambo B_amZ : 194 &
_O_COdmBX d _~Cb\$dmBX boIH$ hm{\$O Zy$rZ Abr {~Z
A~r ~H$[aZ, {OX 5, nR> 224, 1353 {hOr _| H$m{ham go
H$m{eV & Bg hXrg Ho$ eX Bg H$ma h - ""_Z \$maH$b
O_mAVm {e~Z \$H$X \$maH$b Bbm_'' &
"_wZX Ah_X {~Z h~b {OX 1, nR> 263 &
Xm'dVwb A_ra
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
***
*

Dawatul Ameer Hindi

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Xm'dVwbA_ra

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