Chapter 7 Solutions

C.W. Fay
August 23, 2011
College Physics 7th Edition By Wilson, Bua and Lou. Numbers as follows
edition.chapter.number, MC mulitple choice, CQ concept question.
7.7.2, 6.7.6
The polar coordinates of a point are (5.3m, 32

). What are the points Cartesian

coordinates?
Given: r = (5.3m, 32

)
x = r cos = 4.5m (1)
y = r sin = 2.8m (2)
7.7.4
Convert the following angles from radians to degrees: (a) /6 rad, (b) 5/12 rad,
(c) 3/4 rad, (d) rad.
Given:
a
= /6 rad
b
= 5/12 rad
c
= 3/4 rad
d
= rad

180

rad
=
a
= 30

(3)

b
= 75

(4)

c
= 135

(5)

d
= 180

(6)
1
7.7.5
Express the following angles in degrees, radians, and/or revolutions as appropriate:
(a) 105

, (b) 1.8 rad, (c) 5/7 rev.

Given:
a
= 105

b
= 1.8 rad
c
= 5/7 rev

180

rad
= (7)

a
= 1.83rad (8)

b
= 103

(9)

c
= 4.5rad (10)
(11)
-, 6.7.7
You can determine the diameter of the Sun by measuring the angle it subtends. If
the angle is 0.535

and the average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1.510
11
m,
what is the diameter of the Sun?
Given: r =distance to the sun= 1.5 10
11
m = 0.535

180
= 9.34 10
3
rad
we approximate the diamater of the sun as the arc length subtended by the angle .
d = s = r = (1.5 10
11
m)(0.535)(

180
= 1.4 10
9
m (12)
-, 6.7.11
A jogger on a circular track that has a radius of 0.250km runs a distance of 1.00km.
What angular distance does the jogger cover in (a) radians and (b) degrees?
Given: r = 0.250km s = 1.00m
s = r (13)
=
d
r
= 4.00rad = 227

(14)
2
7.7.8, 6.7.12
The hour, minute and second hands of a clock are 0.25m, 0.30m and 0.35m long,
respectively. What are the distances traveled by the tips of the hands in a 30min
interval?
Given: r
h
= 0.25m r
m
= 0.30m r
s
= 0.35m

h
=
2
12

1
2
=
pi
24
(15)

m
=
2
2
= (16)

s
= 30 2 = 60 (17)
s = r (18)
s
h
= 0.065m (19)
s
m
= 0.92m (20)
s
s
= 66m (21)
7.7.9
A car with a 65-cm diameter wheel travels 3.0km. How many revolutions does the
wheel make in this distance?
Given: r = 0.65m s = 3.0km = 3.0 10
3
m
s = r (22)
theta =
s
r
= 4600rad = 730rev. (23)
7.7.14, 6.7.17
At the end of her routine, an ice skater spins through 7.50 revolutions with her arms
always fully outstretched at right angles to her body. If her arms are 60.0cm long,
through what linear arc length distance do the tips of her ngers move during her
nish?
Given: N = 7.50rev r = 60.0cm = 0.60m s =?
s = r (24)
3
= (2)N (25)
s = r(2)N (26)
= (2)(0.60m)(7.50rev) = 28.3m (27)
7.7.16, 6.7.19
Electrical wire with a diameter of 0.50cm is wound on a spool with a radius of 30cm
and a height of 24cm. (a) Through how many radians must the spool be turned to
wrap one even layer of wire? (b) What is the length of this wound wire?
Given: r
spool
= 30cm = 0.30m d
w
= 0.50cm = 0.0050m h = 24cm = 0.24m
a) How many radians for one layer of wire.
Number of wraps on spool = N =
h
d
w
= 48 (28)
= (2)(48) = 3.0 10
2
rad (29)
b)
s = r = (0.30m)(3.0 10
2
) = 90m (30)
-, 6.7.28
A race car makes two and a half laps around a circular track in 3.0min. What is the
cars average angular speed?
Given: = (2.5)2 t = 3.0min = 180s
=

t
= 0.087rad/s (31)
-, 6.7.29
If a particle is rotating with an angular speed of 3.5rad/s, how long does the particle
take to go through one revolution?
Given: = 3.5rad/s T =?
=

t
=
2
T
(32)
T =
2

= 1.8s (33)
4
7.7.22
Determine which has the greater angular speed: partical A, which travels 160

in
2.00s or particle B, which travels 4 rad in 8.00s.

1
=
160

2.00s


180

= 1.40rad (34)

2
=
4
8.0s
=

2
rad/s (35)

2
>
1
7.7.23, 6.7.32
The tangential speed of a particle on a rotating wheel is 3.0m/s. If the particle is
0.20m from the axis of rotation, how long will the particle take to go through one
revolution?
Given: v
t
= 3.0m/s r = 0.20m T =?
T =
1
f
(36)
f =

2
(37)
=
v
t
r
(38)
f =
v
t
2r
(39)
T =
2r
v
t
= 0.42s (40)
7.7.24, 6.7.33
The tangential speed of a particle on a rotating wheel is 3.0m/s. If the particle is
0.20m from the axis of rotation, how long will the particle take to go through one
revolution?
Given: N = 24 t = 3.0min = 180s =? v
t
=?
a)
=

t
=
2N
t
= 0.84rad/s (41)
5
b)Given: r
1
= 4.0m r
2
= 5.0m
v = r (42)
v
t1
= 3.4m/s (43)
v
t1
= 4.2m/s (44)
(45)
7.7.27, 6.7.36
A little boy jumps onto a small merry-go-round (radius of 2.00m) in a park and
rotates for 2.30s through an arc length of 2.55m before coming to a rest. If he landed
(and stayed) at a distance of 1.75m from the central axis of rotation of the merry-
go-round, what was his average angular speed and average tangential speed?
Given: r
m
= 2.00m r
b
= 1.75m t = 2.30s s = 2.55m
v
t
=
s
t
= 1.11m/s (46)
v
t
= r (47)
=
v
t
r
=
s
rt
= 0.634rad/s (48)
7.7.CQ12, 6.7.45
Many race tracks have banked turns which allow the cars to travel faster around the
curve than if the curves were at. Actually, cars could also make turns on these
banked curves if there were no friction at all. Explain this statement using the free-
body diagram shown.
Given:
The car will stay on the corner if the the component of the normal force directed
toward the center of the circle is equal to the centrepetal force.
F = m
v
2
r
= N sin (49)
7.7.30, 6.7.46
An indy car with a speed of 120km/h goes around a level, circular track with a radius
of 1.00km. What is the centripetal acceleration of the car?
6
Given: v = 120km/h = 33.3m/s r = 1.00km = 1000m a
c
=?
a
c
=
v
2
r
= 1.1m/s
2
(50)
7.7.31, 6.7.47
A wheel of radius 1.5m rotates at a uniform speed. If a point on the rim of the wheel
has a centripetal acceleration of 1.2m/s
2
, what is the points tangential speed?
Given: r = 1.5m a
c
= 1.2m/s
2
a
c
=
v
2
t
r
(51)
v
t
=

a
c
r = 1.3m/s (52)
7.7.33
A airplane pilot is going to demonstrate ying in a tight vertical circle. To ensure
that she doesnt black out at the bottom of the circle, the acceleration must not
exceed 4.0g. If the speed of the plane is 50m/s at the bottom of the circle, what is
the minimum radius of the circle so that the 4.0g limit is not exceeded?
Given: a = 4.0g 50m/s
F
C
= m4.0g = m
v
2
r
(53)
r =
v
2
4.0g
= 64m (54)
7.7.39
A light string of length of 56.0cm connects two small square blocks, each with a mass
of 1.50kg. The system is placed on a slippery (frictionless) sheet of horizontal ice and
spun so that the two blocks rotate uniformly about their common center of mass,
which itself does not move. They are supposed to rotate with a period of 0.750s. If
the string can exert a force of only 100N before it breaks, determine whether this
string will work.
7
Given: T = 0.750s m = 1.50kg F = 100N r = 56.0cm/2
F =
mv
2
r
= m
2
r = m
(2)
2
r
T
2
= 29.5N (55)
-, 6.7.49
The Moon revolves around the earth in 27.3 days in a nearly circular orbit with a
radius of 3.8 10
5
km. Assuming that Moons orbital motion is a uniform circular
motion, what is the Moons acceleration as it falls toward the earth?
Given: T = 2.73days = 2.36 10
6
s r = 3.8 10
5
km = 3.8 10
8
m
v =
2r
T
(56)
a =
v
2
r
=
4
2
r
2
T
2
r
(57)
=
4
2
r
2
T
2
= 2.70 10
3
m/s
2
(58)
7.7.41, 6.7.57
A block of mass m slides down an inclined plane into the loop-the-loop or radius
r. (a) Neglecting friction, what is the minimum speed the block must have at the
highest point of the loop inorder to stay in the loop? (b) At what vertical height on
the inclined plane interms of radius of the loop must the block be released inorder
to have the required minimum speed at the top of the loop?
Given: r h
the minimum speed needed to stay in the loop means that the force keeping the
coaster in the loop is the force of gravity. Then the sum of the forces is equal to
mass the centripetal acceleration.
mg =
mv
2
r
(59)
v =

gr (60)
To nd the height we use the conservation of energy,
E
initial
= E
final
mgh =
1
2
mv
2
+ mg2r (61)
8
h =
1
2
r + 2r =
5
2
r (62)
7.7.46
A ywheel rotates with an angular speed of 25rev/s As it is brought to rest with
a constant acceleration, it turns 50 rev. (a) What is the magnitude of the angular
acceleration? (b) How much time does it take to stop?
Given: = 25rev/s = 4.0rad/s = 50rev = 8.0rad
a)

2
f
=
2
i
+ 2 (63)
=

2
i
2
= 1.0rad/s (64)
(65)
b)

f
=
i
+ t (66)
t =

f

i

=
i
2

2
i
=
2

i
= 4.0s (67)
7.7.49
The blades of a fan running at low speed turn at 250rpm. When the fan is switched
to high speed, the rotation rate increases uniformly to 350rpm in 5.75s. (a) What is
the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the blades? (b) How many revolutions
do the blades go through while the fan is accelerating?
Given:
0
= 250rpm = 26.2rad/s
f
= 350rpm = 36.7ra/s t = 5.75s
a)

f
=
i
+ t (68)
=

f

i
t
= 1.83rad/s
2
(69)
b)
=
0
+
0
t +
1
2
t
2
= 210rad (70)
9
7.7.51, 6.7.72
A pendulum swining in a cirular arc under the inuence of gravity, as shown in
Fig 7.32, has both centripetal and tangential components of acceleration. (a) If the
pendulum bob has a speed of 2.7m/s when the cord makes an angle of = 15

with
the vertical, what are the magnitudes of the components at this time? (b) Where is
the centripetal acceleration a maximum? What is the value of tangential acceleration
at that location?
Given: v
t
= 2.7m/s = 15

r = 0.75m
a) From the free body diagram we see that only forces on the ball are the tension
supplied by the string and the weight of the bob. Therefore the sum of the forces
along the string must be equal to the centripetal acceleration, and the sum of the
forces along the tangent to the curve must be equal to the tangental acceleration.
a
c
=
v
2
t
r
= 9.7m/s
2
(71)
tan =
a
t
a
c
(72)
a
t
= a
c
tan = 2.6m/s
2
(73)
b) by drawing the free body diagram we can see that the maximum a
c
is when
the speed is at a maximum and the centripetal acceleration has to counter act the
maximum gravitational acceleration. This occurs at the lowest point. a
t
= 0, a
c
=
max.
7.7.53, 6.7.80
From the known mass and radius of the Moon compute the value of the acceleration
due to gravity, g
M
, at the surface of the Moon.
Given: m
M
= 7.4 10
22
kg r
m
= 3500km/2 = 1.750 10
6
m G = 6.67 10
11
g
M
=?
F
G
=
Gm
M
m
r
2
m
= mg
M
(74)
g
M
=
Gm
M
r
2
m
= 1.6m/s
2
(75)
10
7.7.54
The gravitational forces of the Earth and the Moon, are attractive so there must be
a point on a line joining their centers where the gravitational forces on an object
cancel. How far is this distance from the Earths center?
Given:
r =? r
2
= l r l = 3.8 10
5
km
M
E
= 5.98 10
24
kg M
m
= 7.4 10
22
kg
At some point the force on a object from the gravity of the moon will equal in
magnitude the force on that object from the gravity of the earth.
F
e
= F
m
(76)
GM
E
m
r
2
=
GM
m
m
(l r)
2
(77)
(l r)
2
=
M
m
M
E
r
2
(78)
r
2
(1
M
m
M
E
) 2lr + l
2
= 0 (79)
r =
2l

4l
2
4l
2
+ 4l
2
Mm
M
E
2(1
Mm
M
E
)
= l
M
m

M
E
M
M
M
m
M
E
(80)
= 0.1(l) = 3.8 10
4
km (81)
-, 6.7.81
Calculate the gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon.
Given:
G = 6.67 10
11
M
e
= 5.98 10
24
kg m
m
= 7.4 10
22
kg
r
em
= 3.8 10
5
km = 3.8 10
8
m
F =
GM
e
m
m
r
2
em
= 2.0 10
20
N (82)
7.7.57
A 100kg object is taken to a height of 300km above the Earths surface. (a) What
is the objects mass at this height? (b) What is the objects weight at this height?
Given: m = 100kg h = 3.00 10
5
m
a) m=100kg
11
b)
F =
GM
E
m
(r + h)
2
= 889N (83)
7.7.58, 6.7.85
A man has a mass of 75kg on the Earths surface. How far above the surface of the
Earth would he have to go to lose 10% of his body weight?
Given: m = 75kg W
2
= 0.90W
1
W
1
= mg =
GM
e
m
r
2
e
(84)
GM
e
m
r
2
= (0.90)
GM
e
m
r
2
e
(85)
1
r
2
= (0.90)
1
r
2
e
(86)
r
2
e
= (0.90)r
2
(87)
r =
r
e

0.90
= 6.7 10
3
km (88)
h = r r
e
= 3.5 10
2
km = 3.5 10
5
m (89)
7.7.61, 6.7.87
During the Apollo lunar explorations of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the main
section of the spaceship remained in orbit about the Moon with one astronaut in
it while the other two descended to the surface in the landing module. If the main
section orbited about 50 mi above the lunar surface, determine that sections cen-
tripetal acceleration.
Given:
G = 6.67 10
11
M = 7.4 10
2
2kg R
m
= (3500 10
3
m)/2
h = 50mi = 80200m
since the force keeping the ship in orbit is the gravitational force, that force is equal
to the centripetal force.
F
g
= ma
c
(90)
GMm
r
2
= ma
c
(91)
12
a
c
=
GM
r
2
(92)
r = R
m
+ h (93)
a
c
=
GM
(R
m
+ h)
2
(94)
= 1.5m/s
2
(95)
13