Atlas Delta Dunarii 2013

DANUBE DELTA - THE ALMOST LOST PARADISE!
DELTA DUNRII Atlas

Proiect cofnanat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regional prin Programul Operaional Sectorial Mediu.
DELTA DUNRII - PARADISUL APROAPE PIERDUT!
Plante Plante Psri Psri Peti Peti Insecte Insecte Habitate Habitate
Reptile
i amfbieni
Reptile
i amfbieni
Peisaje
specifce
Peisaje
specifce
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
Mamifere
1
Cuvnt inainte Foreword
Delta Dunrii este una dintre marile comori ale acestui
pmnt binecuvntat. Nu este doar o balt din
fundul curii Romniei, unde ne duceam n taberele
comuniste de var, nu numai un loc n care sindicatele
pescuiesc n concediu vara sau parlamentarii vneaz
toamna... este nc un motiv de mndrie naional,
de contiina faptului c avem pe teritoriul romnesc
un patrimoniu mondial UNESCO. Nu putem scoate
din tabloul heraldic naional Delta Dunrii, asa cum
nu putem ignora Dobrogea cu Tomisul, Capidava,
Adamclisi i poetul Ovidiu i cu cele peste 40 de situri
istorice ale sale Este, n ordinea marilor resurse
romneti, locul cu cel mai mare potential ecoturistic
internaional neexploatat al Romniei. Orice romn ar
trebui s tie despre comoara de lng Marea Neagr
pe care o gestionm ns... destul de ngrijortor i o
putem pierde distrugnd-o.
A face ru Naturii nsemn a ne face ru nou.
Sloganul nostru la Salvai Dunrea i Delta este:
n lupta cu oamenii pentru Binele Naturii. i n fnal
pentru binele oamenilor! i pentru c sunt de prere
c farmecul discret al nostru st n comuniunea cu
Natura, n autenticitatea relaiei cu pmntul, v
invit s descoperii n paginile acestei cri de ce se
spune despre Delta Dunrii c este cea mai bogat a
treia rezervaie umed ca biodiversitate din Europa...
Afai care sunt zonele strict protejate i ce vieti
ascund ele, multe afate pe Lista roie a speciilor
ameninate cu dispariia. Vei ntelege mai bine de
ce Delta Dunrii este paradisul aproape pierdut
Liviu Mihaiu
Preedinte
Asociaia Salvai Dunrea i Delta
The Danube Delta is one of the great treasures of
this bountiful land. Its not just Romanias backyard
pond, where we use to go to communist summer
camps, where unions go fshing during their
summer holidays or parliamentaries go hunting in
the autumn... It can still be considered a point of
national pride and we should all be aware that this
place is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We simply
cannot exclude the Danube Delta from our national
patrimony, in the same way Dobrudja cannot be
left out, along with Tomis, Capidava, Adamclisi,
the Roman poet Ovid and other 40 historical sites
In the hierarchy of great Romanian resourses, this
place has the highest potential for international
ecoturism. Every Romanian citizen should know
about the hidden treasure near the Black Sea and
the fact that the way we manage it now is quite
alarming and can irremediably lead to disaster.
To harm nature is to harm oneself. Our motto here at
Save the Danube and the Delta is: Fighting people
for natures sake and, eventually, for peoples sake!
Because I strongly believe in our connection to
nature, in the authenticity of our relationship with
the land, I hereby invite you to discover in the pages
of this book, why the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
is ranked as the third largest biodiversity in the
world... Find out about the strictly protected areas
and the creatures that live within their bounderies,
many of them classifed in the Red List of threatened
species. You will have a better understanding why
the Danube Delta is now the paradise almost lost
Liviu Mihaiu
President
Save the Danube and the Delta Association
DELTA DUNRII - PARADISUL APROAPE PIERDUT!
2
Cuvnt nainte / Foreword ............................................ 1
A.SPECII / SPECIES
Mamifere / Mammals
Vidr / European Otter ................................................. 6
Nurc / European Mink ................................................. 7
Hermelin / Ermine .................................................... 8
Pisica slbatic / Wildcat ............................................... 9
acal auriu / Golden Jackal ............................................ 10
Dihor de step / Steppe Polecat ...................................... 11
Dihor ptat / Marbled Polecat ......................................... 12
Cine enot / Racoon Dog .............................................. 13
Vulpe / Red Fox ......................................................... 14
Mistre / Wild Boar ...................................................... 15
Popndu / European Ground Squirrel ............................... 16
Delfn / Short-beaked Common Dolphin.............................. 17
Porc de mare / Harbour porpoise ..................................... 18
Delfnul cu bot gros / Common Bottlenose Dolphin ................ 19
Plante / Plants
Otraelul de balt / Common Bladderwort ......................... 20
Floarea miresei / Babys Breath ...................................... 21
Trifoia de balt / Water Clover ....................................... 22
Nufr galben / Yellow Waterlily ....................................... 23
Nufr alb / White Waterlily ............................................ 24
Volbura de nisip / Sand Bindweed .................................... 25
Ridichioar de nisip / Sea Rocket ..................................... 26
Vineele / Knapweed .................................................... 28
Capul arpelui / Vipers Bugloss ....................................... 29
Bujor / Lax-Flowered Orchid .......................................... 30
Orhideea piramidal / Pyramidal Orchid ............................ 31
Liana greceasc / Silk Vine ............................................. 32
Mltini / Dark Red Helleborine ..................................... 33
Stupini / Lesser Butterfy-Orchid ................................... 34
Brndu de nisip / Colchicum ........................................ 35
Psri / Birds
Strcul purpuriu / Purple heron ....................................... 36
Strcul galben / Squacco Heron ....................................... 37
Raa roie / Ferruginous Duck ......................................... 38
Buhaiul de balt /Eurasian Bittern ................................... 39
Gsca cu gt rou / Red-breasted Goose ............................ 40
Prundraul de srtur / Kentish Plover or Snowy Plover ....... 41
Chirighia cu obraz alb / Whiskered Tern ............................ 42
Chirighia neagr / Black Tern ......................................... 43
Barza alb / White Stork ............................................... 44
Barza neagr / Black Stork ............................................. 45
Ereta de stuf / Eurasian Marsh-harrier ............................... 46
Dumbrveanca / European Roller ..................................... 47
Lebda de var / Mute Swan ........................................... 48
Lebda de iarn / Whooper Swan .................................... 49
Egreta mare / Great Egret ............................................. 50
Egreta mic / Little Egret .............................................. 51
oimul dunrean / Saker Falcon ...................................... 52
Vnturelul de sear/ Red-footed Falcon ............................. 53
Codalbul / White-tailed Eagle ......................................... 54
Piciorongul / Black-winged Stilt ....................................... 55
Strcul pitic / Little Bittern ............................................ 56
Pescruul cu cioc subire / Slender-billed Gull .................... 58
Pescruul cu cap negru / Mediteranean Gull ....................... 60
Strcul de noapte / Black-crowned Night Heron ................... 62
Pelicanul cre / Dalmatian Pelican .................................... 64
Pelicanul comun / Great White Pelican .............................. 65
Cormoranul mic / Pygmy Cormorant ................................. 68
Strcul loptar / Eurasian Spoonbill ................................. 69
ignuul / Glossy Ibis .................................................. 70
Criste cenuiu / Little Crake ......................................... 73
Ciocntors / Pied Avocet ............................................... 74
Chira mic / Little tern ................................................ 77
Buha / Eurasian Eagle-owl ............................................. 78
Gsca de var / Greylag Goose ....................................... 79
Grlia mare / Greater White-fronted Goose ....................... 81
Cufundac mare / Great Northern Diver .............................. 83
Corcodelul mic / Little Grebe ......................................... 84
Clifar rou / Ruddy Shelduck ......................................... 85
Clifar alb / Common Shelduck ....................................... 86
Cormoranul mare / Great Cormorant ................................ 88
Raa suliar / Northern Pintail ........................................ 90
Peti / Fish
Porcuorul de es / White-fnned Gudgeon .......................... 92
Avatul / Asp ............................................................... 93
Boara boarc / European Bitterling ................................. 94
ipar / European Weather Loach ..................................... 95
Vduvia / Ide ............................................................ 96
Zvrlugi / Spined Loach ................................................ 97
Lin / Tench ................................................................ 98
Fusarul / Streber ........................................................ 99
Ac de mare / Broadnosed Pipefsh ................................... 100
Cambula / European Flounder ......................................... 101
Pltica / Bream .......................................................... 102
Lufr / Bluefsh .......................................................... 103
Cosaul / Grass Carp .................................................... 104
Biban soare / Pumpkinseed Sunfsh ................................... 105
ignuul Btrn / European Mudminnow ........................... 106
Somnul / Wels catfsh .................................................. 107
tiuca / Pike .............................................................. 108
Morunul / European Sturgeon .......................................... 109
Nisetrul / Danube Sturgeon ........................................... 110
Pstruga / Starry Sturgeon ............................................ 111
Cega / Sterlet ............................................................ 112
Pisica de mare / Thornback Ray ....................................... 113
Cuprins | Table of content
3
Reptile i amfbieni
Buhaiul de balt / European Fire-bellied Toad...................... 115
Broasca estoas de uscat / Spur-thighed Tortoise ................. 116
Broasca estoas de ap / European Pond Turtle ................... 119
Vipera de step / Meadow Viper ...................................... 120
Triton dobrogean / Danube Crested Newt ........................... 122
arpele ru / Caspian Whipsnake ..................................... 123
Molute i crustacee
Mollusks and shellfsh
Scoica mic de ru / Thick Shelled River Mussel ................... 124
Racul / Danube Crayfsh ................................................ 125
Insecte / Insects
Vduva neagr / Mediterranean Black Widow ...................... 126
Miriapodul gigant / Mediterranean Banded Centepede ........... 128
Cosaul / Romanian Bush-cricket...................................... 130
Pianjenul viespe / Wasp Spider ..................................... 132
Clugria pitic / Dwarf mantis ...................................... 134
Fluturele purpuriu imperial al lui Freyer
Freyers Purple Emperor ................................................ 136
Molia-tigru ptat-crem/ Cream-spot Tiger .......................... 138
Fluturele de cupru mare/ Large Copper ............................. 141
B.Habitate / Habitats
(1110) Bancuri de nisip acoperite permanent de un strat mic de
ap de mare / Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water
all the time .............................................................144
(1310) Comuniti cu Salicornia i alte specii anuale care
colonizeaz regiunile mltinoase i nisipoase / Salicornia and
other annuals colonizing mud and ...................................146
(1410) Pajiti halofle mediteraneene / Mediterranean salt
meadows ................................................................148
(2110) Dune mobile embrionare / Embryonic shifting dunes (under
formation ................................................................150
(2130*) Dune fxate cu vegetaie erbacee peren (dune gri) /
Fixed coastal dunes with
herbaceous vegetation (grey dunes) ............................152
(2160) Dune cu Hippopha rhamnoides / Dunes with Hippopha
rhamnoides ..............................................................154
(1150*) Lagune costiere / Coastal lagoons ........................157
(91AA) Vegetaie forestier ponto-sarmatic cu stejar pufos /
Eastern White Oak Woods .............................................158
(1160) Melele i golfuri / Large shallow inlets and bays .........161
(3160)Lacuri distrofce i iazuri / Natural dystrophic lakes and
ponds .....................................................................162
(62C0*) Stepe ponto-sarmatice / Pannonic sand steppes ........164
(6260*) Pajiti panonice i vest-pontice pe nisipuri / Pannonic
sand steppes ............................................................166
(91F0) Pduri ripariene mixte / Riparian mixed forests .......... 168
Peisaje specifce
Landscapes
Despre zonele strict protejate
About strictly protected areas ......................................... 173
Roca-Buhaiova ........................................................... 178
Pdurea Letea / Letea Forest ......................................... 180
Lacul Nebunu / Lake Nebunu .......................................... 182
Pdurea Caraorman / Caraorman Forest ............................ 184
Srturi-Murighiol ....................................................... 185
Ariniul Erenciuc / Erenciuc Alder Grove ............................ 187
Sacalin Ztoane ......................................................... 188
Grindul Lupilor / Lupilor Levee ........................................ 190
Grindul Chituc / Chituc Levee ......................................... 191
Lacul Rotundu / Lake Rotundu......................................... 194
Lacul Potcoav / Lake Potcoav ....................................... 196
Vtafu-Lungule .......................................................... 197
Lacul Rducu / Lake Rducu ........................................... 198
Insula Ceaplace / Ceaplace Island .................................... 199
Insulele Prundu cu Psri / Prundu cu Psri Islands............... 200
Insula Popina / Popina Island .......................................... 201
Belciug ..................................................................... 202
Periteaca-Leahova ...................................................... 203
Capul Doloman .......................................................... 204
Istria-Sinoie ............................................................... 205
C.Tradiii. obiceiuri.
Arhitectur specifc
Customs, traditions
and rural architecture
Oamenii din Delta Dunrii / Inhabitants of the Danube Delta .... 218
Porturi tradiionale / Traditional garments ......................... 220
Turism. Ecoturism / Tourism. Ecotourism ........................... 222
Arhitectura tradiional din Delta Dunrii
Traditional architecture from the Danube Delta ................... 224
Letea ...................................................................... 228
Alte obiceiuri tradiionale i obiecte specifce
Other traditional occupations and crafts ........................... 230
Pictur de icoane pe lemn, sticl icoane lipoveneti/ Hand-
painted icons on wood, glass - lipovan icons ....................... 230
esturi. Custuri / Textile arts and crafts/hand-stitching ....... 231

Olrit / Pottery .......................................................... 232
mpletituri din rchit i papur
Wicker and bulrush basketry .......................................... 233

Lotca / Lotca ............................................................. 234
Apicultur/ Apiculture .................................................. 235
Mncruri i buturi locale ............................................. 236
DELTA DUNRII - PARADIsUL APRoAPE PIERDUT!
4
A.sPEcII
|A.SPECIES|
DANUbE DELTA - ThE ALmosT LosT PARADIsE!
5
6
Mamifere
Vidra vneaz de cele mai multe ori n grup, noaptea
i doar foarte rar, ziua. st cufundat sub ap pn
la 6-7 minute. se hrnete cu peti, broate, raci i
mamifere mici. Vidra este ntlnit n Europa, vestul
i centrul Asiei i n nordul Africii. n Romnia, vidra
se simte bine n Delt i n rurile montane n care
abund pstrvii. Vidra se regsete n anexa II a
Directivei Consiliului 92/43/CEE/Formularul standard
NATURA 2000 sCI 0065 de interes conservativ la
nivel european, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Vidra
Lutra lutra
Eurasian or European otter
Lutra lutra
otters live in small family groups and they usually hunt
at night, only rarely during the day. otters can stay
underwater up to 6-7 minutes, without breathing.
Their diet mainly consists of fsh, but they also eat
frogs, crustaceans and small mammals. otters have
a broad range that spreads from Europe to Central
Asia and North Africa. In Romania, otters enjoy the
waters of the Danube Delta and mountain rivers
abundant in trout. The otter is included in Annex II to
Council Directive 92/43/EEC/NATURA 2000 sCI 0065
as a vulnerable species present in the Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve - a site of community importance
designated as a special area of conservation.
7
DANUBE DELTA - ThE ALmosT LosT PARADIsE!
Mamifere
Nurca i sap galeriile pe malul apelor. Poate s noate i s se scufunde
pentru a se hrni cu peti, insecte sau mormoloci. Este un vntor
nverunat, chiar i cnd ntlnete un adversar mai puternic. se gsete
n jurul apelor stttoare i curgtoare, la es, la deal i munte. Nurca este
un animal monogam. se regsete n anexa II a Directivei Consiliului 92/43/
CEE/Formularul standard NATURA 2000 sCI 0065 de interes conservativ
la nivel european, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
Nurca european
Mustela lutreola
European mink
Mustela lutreola
minks dig their burrows by the waters edge. They
swim and dive in order to catch fsh, insects and
tadpoles. minks are ferocious predators, even when
fghting a more powerful opponent. minks live along
lakes or rivers fowing through plains, hills or mountain
slopes. minks are monogamous animals. The mink
is included in Annex II to Council Directive 92/43/
EEC/NATURA 2000 sCI 0065 as a vulnerable species
present in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve - a
site of community importance designated as a special
area of conservation.
8
hermelina se asemn cu nevstuica. Este un
animal activ att ziua, ct i noaptea. se hrnete
cu mamifere mici, cu pasri i cu oule acestora.
n timpul vntorii, i sperie prada prin tot felul
de sunete pe care le emite. Bun crtoare,
i urmrete prada pn n copacii unde aceasta
se retrage. hermelina este o specie de interes
conservativ, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
hermelina
Mustela erminea
Ermine or stout
Mustela erminea
The ermine is very similar to the weasel. Ermines
are both diurnal and nocturnal. They generally
feed on small mammals, birds and eggs. When
hunting, ermines are frightening their prey through
noisy sounds. Excellent climbers, they climb
trees to follow their prey to its nest. The ermine
is a vulnerable species of community importance
present in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve.
Mamifere
9
Mamifere
Wildcat
Felis silvestris
Wildcats are common in Romania, with a broad
distribution that extends from the Carpathians and
subcarpathians to lowland regions. They usually
live in large and quiet forests, fnding shelter in
hollows, caverns and sometimes abandoned dens.
Their diet includes vertebrates: mice, the fawns of
red deer and roe deer and different types of birds.
The wildcat is primarily a solitary predator, except
during mating season when the wildcat can be found
in small groups. In the same period, the cats preanal
glands secretes a strong smelling substance with a
valerian-like odour in order to mark its territory and
to attract the partner.
n Romnia este o specie relativ comun, rspndit
n Carpai, subcarpai, dar i la es, n pdurile
ntinse i ferite. Adpostul este reprezentat de
scorburi, peteri i vizuinile altor animale. hrana
const n oareci, pui de cprioar sau cerb i
diferite psri. Este un animal care prefer traiul
solitar, cu excepia perioadei de mperechere n
care poate f vzut i n grupuri mici. n timpul
acesteia, pisica slbatic se folosete de glanda
sa perianal ce secret un lichid cu miros de
valerian pentru marcarea teritoriului i pentru
atragerea partenerului.
Pisica slbatic
Felis silvestris
10
Mamifere
Golden Jackal
Canis aureus
The golden jackal is very similar to the wolf and the
fox. In terms of structure, the golden jackal is more
comparable to the fox, but the characteristics of its
fur indicate a closer affnity to the wolf, hence the
name of gold-wolf. The golden jackal is primarily
nocturnal and carnivorous, but can also have an
omnivorous diet if needed. Its burrow is located in
remote, hard to reach places. The golden jackal can
be found in oltenia, muntenia and Dobrogea.
se aseamn i cu lupul, i cu vulpea. n ceea ce
privete conformaia, este mai apropiat de vulpe,
ns blana se aseamn mai mult cu cea a lupului,
de unde a primit numele de lup auriu. acalul
este un animal nocturn, carnivor, care doar dar
la nevoie devine omnivor. i stabilete brlogul
n spaii pustii i izolate. acalul este rspndit n
oltenia, muntenia i Dobrogea.
acalul auriu
Canis aureus
11
Mamifere
steppe Polecat
Mustela eversmanni
The steppe polecat does not usually dig its own
burrow, instead using those abandoned by other
animals. Their home is not properly cared for, as they
dont live in one place for too long. For this reason,
their burrow usually seems improvised and unstable.
In winter, the steppe polecat is more active, and will
move approximately 12-18 km a day. During snows,
the steppe polecat migrates to favourable areas, such
as along the slopes of steppe ravines or near human
settlements. During warm seasons, when there is
plenty of prey available (voles, squirrels, hares)
polecats hold relatively stable territories. The steppe
polecat is included in Annex II to Council Directive
92/43/EEC/NATURA 2000 sCI 0065 as a vulnerable
species present in the Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve - a site of community importance designated
as a special area of conservation.
In Romania, polecats can be found only in Dobrogea.
Dihorul nu are o vizuin proprie, obinuind s
le foloseasc pe cele prsite de alte animale.
Nu se preocup mult de vizuin pentru c nu
triete prea mult ntr-un singur loc. De aceea,
adpostul lui pare ntotdeauna improvizat i lipsit
de rezisten. Dihorul de step este mai activ pe
timp de iarn, cnd se deplaseaz aproximativ
12-18 km pe zi. n timpul ninsorilor, migreaz n
zone favorabile, cum ar f de-a lungul pantelor ori
n apropierea aezrilor umane. n anotimpurile
calde, atunci cnd nu duce lips de hran (oareci,
veverie, popndi, iepuri), dihorul se deplaseaz
mai puin. Dihorul de step se regsete n anexa
II a Directivei Consiliului 92/43/CEE/Formularul
standard NATURA 2000 sCI 0065 de interes
conservativ la nivel european, vulnerabil n
Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
n Romnia, dihorul a fost vzut numai n Dobrogea.
Dihorul de step
Mustela eversmanni
12
Mamifere
Denumirea sa popular vine de la culoarea blnii
cu aspect neuniform, ptat. Este un animal de
step care evit spaiile arate, n care se simte
prezena omului. Doar accidental este ntlnit i
prin vile rurilor sau pe lng aezrile omeneti.
Dihorul ptat este un animal oportunist, folosind
adesea galerii de popndu. n ceea ce privete
hrana, prefer roztoarele, psrile, reptilele,
fructele i unele ierburi. Dihorul ptat se regsete
n anexa II a Directivei Consiliului 92/43/CEE/
Formularul standard NATURA 2000 sCI 0065 de
interes conservativ la nivel european, vulnerabil
n Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
Dihor ptat
Vormela peregusna
marbled Polecat
Vormela peregusna
The name comes from the mottled appearance of its
patchy pelage. The marbled polecat is a steppe animal
that avoids cultivated areas, where it can sense human
presence. only occasionally can marbled polecats be
found in river valleys or near human settlements.
The marbled polecat is an opportunistic animal, often
using the burrows of ground squirrels. As far as the
food is concerned, they prefer rodents, birds, reptiles
and some fruit and plant matter. The marbled polecat
is included in Annex II to Council Directive 92/43/
EEC/NATURA 2000 sCI 0065 as a vulnerable species
present in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve - a
site of community importance designated as a special
area of conservation.
13
Mamifere
Cunoscut i ca bursuc cu barb datorit favoriilor
de la baza gtului care l fac uor recognoscibil. Animal
oportunist, se adpostete n vizuini prsite de viezuri sau
vulpi i doar dac nu reuete s gseasc astfel de locuri,
i construiete singur adpostul. Este o specie monogam.
Inamicii lui sunt cinii, vulpea i lupul.
Cinele enot
Nyctereutes procyonoides
Also known as the bearded badger due to the long whisker-
like hairs around its neck. The racoon dog is an opportunistic
animal, fnding shelter in the abandoned dens of badgers or
foxes, digging its own burrow only when needed. Racoon
dogs are monogamous. Its main predators are dogs, wolves
and foxes.
Racoon Dog
Nyctereutes procyonoides
14
Mamifere
FOTO
Vneaz singur, spre deosebire de lup, care
prefer haita. Nu se aventureaz n afara
brlogului pe timp de zi dect n cazuri extreme
de foame. Altfel, st ascuns n vizuina pe care o ia
de la bursuc, printr-un vicleug. Vulpea stropete
cu udul ei urt mirositor intrarea n vizuin, iar
bursucul cedeaz propriul adpost n favoarea unui
loc curat. Vulpea se ntlnete cu precdere la deal
i cmpie, dat find c acolo se gasesc din belug
roztoare, precum oarecii.
Vulpea
Vulpes vulpes
Unlike wolves, who prefer to hunt in packs, red foxes
are solitary hunters. They very rarely exit their den
during daytime, only in cases of extreme hunger.
The red fox may use tricks to steal other animals
homes. The fox uses its scent glands to spray over the
entrance, which causes badgers to instantly abandon
their home, in favor of a cleaner space. The red fox
lives mainly in hill slopes and lowland areas abundant
in mouse-like rodents.
Red Fox
Vulpes vulpes
15
Mamifere
Are un dezvoltat sim al mirosului care-l ajut n
special la recunoaterea pericolelor. mistreul este
un animal folositor pdurii deoarece contribuie
la combaterea biologic a duntorilor prin
consumul de insecte, iar prin rmat stimuleaz
regenerarea natural. De obicei, mistreii stau
departe de oameni, ns dac sunt rnii sau i
simt ameninat teritoriul, pot s atace.
mistreul
Sus scrofa
Wild Boar
Sus scrofa
Wild boars have an incredibly acute sense of smell
that helps them to identify any potential danger. The
wild boar fulflls an essential role in the ecosystem, as
it has a major contribution to biological pest control
(by eating insects) and its rooting behaviour has a
signifcant effect on the natural regeneration. Wild
boars usually avoid humans, but if wounded or under
threat, they may attack.
16
Mamifere
Este o specie relativ comun care aparine familiei
veverielor. Popndul s-a adaptat la mediu astfel
nct s aib un orizont larg de vedere, fr s ias
cu totul din galerie ochii si mari i distanai l
ajut. Triete n colonii, ns fecare popndu i
sap propria galerie. Popndul i petrece cea mai
mare parte a timpului sub pmnt, n galeriile sale
ntortocheate.
Popndul
Spermophilus citellus
European
Ground squirrel
Spermophilus citellus
The European ground squirrel is a species from the
squirrel family. European ground squirrels have
adapted to their environment in order to have a
wide visual feld, without having to fully expose
themselves to potential attacks. They live in colonies,
but each animal digs its own burrow system. European
ground squirrels spend most of their time inside their
intricate tunnel systems.
17
Mamifere
Triete n marea Neagr, unde se hrnete cu
peti pelagici (hamsie, prot, etc.), crustacei i
cefalopode. Vara poate s vin foarte aproape de
coast, iar toamna are loc mperecherea. Dup
10 luni de gestaie, femela nate de obicei un
pui de care are mare grij. Delfnii triesc, n
medie, 30 ani. Delfnul este o specie de interes
conservativ, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Delfnul
Delphinus delphis
short-beaked
Common Dolphin
Delphinus delphis
short-beak common dolphins can be found in the
Black sea and they predominantly feed on pelagic
fsh (particularly European anchovy, sprat, etc.),
crustaceans and cephalopods. They can be often
spotted approaching the coastline during summer
months. mating season occurs in autumn. After a
gestation period of 10 months, the female gives birth
to one calf that is very carefully looked after. Average
lifespan of common dolphins is 30 years. The short-
beaked common dolphin is a vulnerable species of
community importance present in the Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve.
18
Mamifere
Este un mamifer acvatic, denumit i marsuin.
nrudit cu delfnul, i porcul de mare poate face
acrobaii. hrana sa const n peti, calamari
i crustacee. Foarte rar supravieuiete n
captivitate. La fel ca n cazul delfnului, viaa
porcului de mare este ameninat n principal de
plasele de pescuit. marsuinii sunt buni nottori,
atingnd viteza de 55 km/h. Triesc n medie n
jur 8-10 ani.
Porcul de mare
Phocoena phocoena
harbour porpoise
Phocoena phocoena
The harbour porpoise is also known as the puffng
pig. Related to the dolphin, the porpoise can also
be acrobatic. Porpoises mainly feed on fsh, squid and
crustaceans. They can rarely survive in captivity. Like
dolphins, porpoises are threatened with extinction by
fshermens nets. Porpoises are fast swimmers, with a
speed of up to 55 km/h. Porpoises have been known
to live 8-10 years on average.
19
Mamifere
Este un animal foarte sociabil. Pentru a se
proteja, delfnii sunt solidari i i ofer ajutor.
Delfnii sunt mamifere inteligente care ofer
adevrate spectacole acrobatice, n special cnd
se apropie furtuna sau n perioada mperecherii.
Cea mai serioas ameninare este reprezentat
de plasele pescarilor n care se pot prinde. s
renunm la spectacole de acrobaie natural cu
delfni pentru doar cteva kilograme de pete?
Delfnul cu bot gros
Tursiops truncatus
Common
Bottlenose Dolphin
Tursiops truncatus
Common bottlenose dolphins are highly sociable
animals. Dolphin groups often work as a team to
protect themselves. Dolphins are highly intelligent
creatures, often performing acrobatic fgures above
the water surface, especially when storms are
approaching or during mating season.
Dolphins are seriously threatened by fshermen who
accidentally catch them in their nets. should we give
up naturally occurring dolphin acrobatic shows for
just a few kilos of fsh?
20
Plante
Plant carnivor, otrelul de balt crete n ape
stttoare sau lin curgtoare. Are ntre 4 i 8 fori
galbene care plutesc deasupra apei la captul unei
tije. i completeaz necesarul de azot i fosfor
prin digerarea zooplanctonului (organisme foarte
mici de natur animal ce plutesc n masa apei).
otraelul de balt
Utricularia vulgaris
Common Bladderwort
Utricularia vulgaris
A carnivorous plant, the common bladderwort is
typically found growing in the shallow standing water
of ponds and small streams. It produces between 4 to
8 yellow fowers, which are held together on stems
slightly above the waters surface. It captures and
digests the zooplankton (small organisms that foat
freely in different bodies of water) to supplement its
nutritional need for nitrogen and phosphorus.
21
Plants
Triete n habitate de step, nisipoase i
stncoase, adesea pe soluri calcaroase. Este
o plant frumoas, adesea folosit n buchete
decorative, dar dac o ntlnii, fi cumsecade i
nu o rupei pentru c este o specie vulnerabil n
Delta Dunrii. Poate f observat n Perior, C.A.
Roseti, Caraorman i Letea.
Floarea miresei
Gipsophyla paniculata
Babys Breath
Gipsophyla paniculata
Its natural habitat is on the steppes in sandy
and stoney places, often on calcarous soils. It is
an ornamental plant commonly used in fower
arrangements. If you happen to fnd one, be kind
and let it be, as it is a vulnerable species of the
Danube Delta. Babys breath is present in Perior,
C. A. Rosetti, Caraorman and Letea.
22
Plante
Este o ferig care i-a primit numele ca urmare a
asemnrii cu un trifoi cu patru foi. se ntlnete
n anuri, iazuri i bltoace cu ap limpede.
Trifoiaul i va purta noroc dac l lai la locul
lui! Este o specie de interes conservativ la nivel
european, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Trifoiaul de balt
Marsilea quadrifolia
Water Clover
Marsilea quadrifolia
The water clover is an aquatic fern that got the
name from its resemblance to the four-leaf
clover. The plant can be found in small channels,
clearwater ponds and lakes.
Water clovers bring good luck to their fnders,
especially if they remain untouched! The water
clover is a vulnerable species of European
community importance, present in the Delta
Danube Biosphere Reserve.
23
Plants
Nuferii albi i galbeni sunt considerai simboluri
ale Deltei Dunrii. Cu ajutorul frunzelelor mari
i plutitoare, nuferii ofer adpost i umbr
diferitelor specii de peti. Florile de nufr galben
plutesc pe ape ntre iunie i august.
Nu i deplasa de la locul lor natural, nu i distruge
i nu i rupe bucuria de a-i ine n mn va dura
prea puin, n doar cteva minute se vor ofli n
minile tale, n schimbul unui mare deranj
Nufr galben
Nuphar lutea
Yellow Waterlily
Nuphar lutea
White and yellow waterlilies are considered the
symbol of the Danube Delta. Their large foating leaves
provide shelter and shadow for many fsh species. The
fowers are usually found above the water surface in
June and August.
Dont take them away from their natural habitat,
dont harm or pick them up... they joy of holding
them will last too little, for they will wither in just a
few minutes, to cause such irrremediable damage...
24
Plante
Florile de nufr alb cresc n apele stttoare
i lin curgtoare. Este o specie rar, cu fori
mai mari dect ale rudei sale, asemntoare,
Nymphaea candida mai des ntlnit pe
teritoriul Deltei Dunrii.
Florile de nufr alb pot f admirate ntre lunile
iunie i septembrie. Nuferii albi, uneori alturi
de cei galbeni, ncadreaz prin borduri lacurile,
canalele i grlele mai late.
Nufr alb
Nymphaea alba
White Waterlily
Nymphaea alba
White waterlilies typically grow in shallow standing
waters and small streams. The white waterlily is a
rather rare species, with larger fowers than its closely
related genera Nymphaea candida - more common to
the waters of the Danube Delta.
Flowering is from June to september. White and
yellow waterlilies are often seen bordering lakes,
wide channels and brooks.
25
Plants
Plant rar care se gsete pe litoralul nisipos al
mrii Negre. Este inclus n Lista Roie a speciilor
afate pe cale de dispariie. Dei se presupune
c odinioar a format o bordur compact ntre
sulina i sfntu Gheorghe, n prezent se gsete
izolat, fragmentar i n continu scdere.
Volbura de nisip
Convolvulus persicus
sand Bindweed
Convolvulus persicus
The sand bindweed is a rare plant found on the
sandy Black sea coast. It is included in the Red List of
critically endangered species. Although it is believed
that sand bindweeds once formed a border between
sulina and sf. Gheorghe canals, today they can only be
found in small fragmented patches, with a constantly
diminishing habitat.
26
Plante
Ridichioara de nisip este o plant din familia
mutarului care crete n smocuri pe soluri
nisipoase. Primvara nforete n nuane
purpurii. Cakile maritima conine un acid care
poate s aib efecte toxice asupra unor animale.
Ridichioara de nisip
Cakile maritima
The sea Rocket is a plant in the moustard family
which grows in clumps on sandy soils. It is in bloom
during spring when the fowers are purple. It
contains an acid with toxic effects on some animals.
sea Rocket
Cakile maritima
27
Plants
28
Plante
Este o plant robust, cu spini prin intermediul
crora i apr forile i seminele. seamn cu o
rud a sa care crete din belug pe solurile nisipoase.
Este o plant foarte rar ntlnit (n zona sulina i la
Ciotic, la sud de sf. Gheorghe), de interes conservativ
la nivel european, n pericol de dispariie iminent
din Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
Vineele
Centaurea pontica
Knapweed
Centaurea pontica
Knapweeds are robust plants with spiny leaves having
the role to protect their fowers and seeds. The
knapweed is very similar to a closely related genera
from the Asteraceae family that grows abundantly in
sandy littoral areas.
The knapweed is a rare plant (can only be found in
sulina area and in Ciotic, south of sf. Gheorghe). It is
a species of community importance and among the
species to the brink of extinction from the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve.
29
Plants
Floarea acestei specii
se aseamn cu un cap
de arpe care i scoate
limba; la nceput forile
sunt roii, iar apoi i
schimb culoarea spre
albastru, pe msura ce
mbtrnesc. nforete
ntre lunile iunie i
septembrie, iar fructele
sale au forma unor
nuci. Este o specie de
interes conservativ la
nivel european, rar
n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Capul
arpelui
Echium
russicum
The fowers of this plant
are pointed like the head of
a viper, hence its common
name; the fowers start
off as reddish when in
bud stage and they later
open to reveal bright blue
petals. It is in bloom from
June to september and
bears nut-shaped fruits. It
is a species of community
importance, rarely found
in the Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve.
Vipers
Bugloss
Echium
russicum
30
Plante
Este o specie de orhidee cu fori de culoare violet. Forma
forilor, ca la mai toate orhideele, imit femele insectelor
polenizatoare, atrgnd masculii acestora pentru
polenizare. Este o plant adaptat la condiiile mltinoase,
de interes conservativ, vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
Bujori
Orchis laxifora elegans
It is a species from the orchidaceae family, with blue-purple
fowers. The fowers appearance imitate the shape of female
pollinators, thus attracting male pollinators. The plant is
well adapted to swampy soils. The Lax-fowered orchid is
designated as a species of comunity importance, vulnerable
in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve.
Lax-Flowered orchid
Orchis laxifora elegans
31
Plants
orhidee ale crei fori violete sunt aezate n form de
piramid. se gsete n zone uscate i este polenizat
de futuri i molii de noapte. orhideea piramidal este o
specie de interes conservativ, vulnerabil n Rezervaia
Biosferei Delta Dunriii.
orhidee piramidal
Anacamptis pyramidalis
The Pyramidal orchid has dark
red-purple fowers arranged
in a compact pyramidal shape.
Pyramidal orchids can be found
in dry areas, prefering to be
pollinated by butterfies and
moths. The Puramidal orchid
is designated as a species
of comunity importance,
vulnerable in the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve.
Pyramidal
orchid
Anacamptis
pyramidalis
32
Plante
Plant agtoare, specifc
zonei mediteraneene, cu
tulpini lungi care ajung pn
la 25-30 m, mpletite ca nite
sfori. Lianele dau pdurilor
Deltei un aspect tropical!
Liana
greceasc
Periploca
graeca
The silk vine is a climbing plant,
specifc to the mediterenean
area, with long twisted stems
growing up to 25-30 m. silk
vines give the Danube Delta a
tropical feel!
silk Vine
Periploca
graeca
33
Plants
Este o orhidee cu fori mari, cu nuane
de rou-nchis spre violet. Triete
n zonele mltinoase, are parfum de
vanilie i este polenizat n general de
albine. mltinia este o plant de interes
conservativ, rar n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
mltini sau
spnzul regal
Epipactis
atrorubens
It is an orchid with large fowers that
sometimes vary in colour, but are generally
dark reddish-purple. helleborines can be
found in swampy areas and emit a strong
vanilla scent, which makes them highly
attractive for bees. helleborines are a
species of community importance, only
rarely found in the Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve.
Dark Red
helleborine
or Royal
helleborine
Epipactis
atrorubens
34
Plante
specie de orhidee cu fori albe i doar dou frunze,
cu miros puternic, asemntor celui de garoaf.
Prefer pdurile de foioase, pdurile rare i
pajitile din zonele umede. stupinia este o plant
de interes conservativ, rar n Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii.
stupinia sau
Untul vacii mirositor
Platanthera
bifolia
The lesser butterfy-orchid is a species of orchid with
white fowers, distinguished by its two basal leaves
and its strong carnation-like smell. It typically grows
in deciduous forests, clearings and meadows located
in humid areas. The lesser butterfy-orchid is a species
of community importance, only rarely found in the
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve.
Lesser
Butterfy-orchid
Platanthera
bifolia
35
Plants
Este nrudit cu brndua de toamn i are
dimensiuni mici, cu fori roz deschis-violaceu, cu
petale lungi ce dau senzaia c ar crete dintre
frunze. Prefer solurile umede i locurile nsorite.
Brndua este o specie de interes conservativ,
vulnerabil n Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
Este ntlnit doar n zona litoral, iar forile sale
pot f admirate primvara un anotimp foarte
potrivit pentru vizitarea Deltei.
Brndua de nisip
Merendera sobolifera
The colchicum is closely related to the autumn
crocus, having small pale-pink star fowers with
separate elongated petals that seem to grow
directly from the leaves. They are found in well-
drained soils and sunny sites.
The colchicum is a vulnerable species of
community importance, present in the Danube
Delta Biosphere Reserve. It is a rare species found
only in littoral areas, blooming in spring the
perfect season to visit the Danube Delta.
Colchicum
Merendera sobolifera
Psri
36
Face parte din categoria strcilor mari. Corpul su
comprimat lateral face posibil strecurarea prin
stufriuri dese i plante cu care se confund. Gtul
strcului purpuriu arat, n poziie de repaus, ca un
fel de arc comprimat.
Pasre migratoare, poposete la noi din martie-
aprilie pn n septembrie. Rar cuibrete n
preajma coloniilor celorlali strci, prefernd traiul
singuratic, pe plauri.
n trecut era considerat o specie comun, ns
prin intervenia brutal a omului (fragmentarea
habitatelor prin construcii de canale i
intensifcarea turismului), efectivele au sczut
ngrijortor de mult.
strcul purpuriu
Ardea purpurea
Purple Heron
Ardea purpurea
Purple Herons are large birds that belong to the
heron family. Their slender and narrow bodies
allow them to slink past thick reedbeds and dense
bushes that often provide excellent camoufage.
Their long neck looks particularly snake-like, with
more of an s-shape in fight.
Herons are migratory birds, staying in Romania
from March-April to september.
They rarely nest near other heron collonies,
preferring isolated reedbeds in shallow waters.
Purple Herons used to be considered a common
species, but due to invasive human activities
(building channels and increased tourism causing
severe habitat fragmentation), the population has
decreased considerably.
DANUbE DELTA - THE ALMosT LosT PARADIsE!
Birds
37
Pasre migratoare, poposete n Romnia din
aprilie pn n septembrie. Este o pasre relativ
solitar care zboar n stoluri mici n timpul
migraiei, scond sunete specifce, stridente.
strcul galben este activ dimineaa, nainte de
rsrit i pe nserat, pn dup apusul soarelui. n
timpul zilei st retras pentru odihn n tufe sau n
copaci. n timpul dansului nupial i ridic penele,
asemenea egretei i punului. Penajul este folosit
pentru atragerea partenerului, dar i pentru a
intimida i a ine la distan potenialii adversari.
Ca majoritatea strcilor, este o specie afat sub
protecie special.
strcul galben
Ardeola ralloides
squacco Heron
Ardeola ralloides
squacco Herons are migratory birds which are
staying in Romania from April to september. During
migration they fy in small groups and emit sharp
croaking sounds.
They are mainly active in the morning, just before
sunrise and around dusk, even late after sunset. In
daytime they usually rest and sleep in bushes or
trees. During courtship displays, both adults get
brighter colours and longer crest and back feathers,
like egrets and peacocks. The special plumage is also
used to intimidate and ward off potential enemies.
Like most herons, this species is protected
under the law.
Psri
38
Ferruginous Duck
Aythya Nyroca
Ferruginous Ducks feed mainly on seeds, roots,
aquatic plants and small aquatic insects and molluscs.
The call of female ferruginous ducks is a karr,
while males utter a long series of soft kack-kack-
kack. Ferruginous ducks are the rarest species of
wild ducks in Europe, so hold your breath when you
see them, you wouldnt want to disturb them...
se hrnete cu semine, rdcini, plante i
vieuitoare acvatice mici. Ciripitul femelei este mai
strident i aduce a car, pe cnd masculul este
ceva mai silenios, aducnd a ciuc-ciuc-ciuc. Raa
roie este cea mai rar specie de ra slbatic din
Europa, aa c inei-v respiraia cnd o vedei, s
nu o deranjai...
Raa roie
Aythya Nyroca
Birds
39
Eurasian Bittern
or Great bittern
Botaurus stellaris
Usually solitary, the Great bittern nests in open
reedbeds, keeping away from human settlements.
It can be easily recognized by the deep call of the
male, typically occurring at dawn and dusk. Its
striped feathers provide an excellent camoufage in
reedbeds.
The name botaurus is the Latin for bull, because the
bitterns call resembles the bellowing of a bull.
Este o pasre care prefer traiul singuratic, n stufriuri ferite de aezrile umane. buhaiul de balt
poate f recunoscut dup strigtul pronunat pe care masculul l produce, pe care l putei asculta mai
ales la apus i nainte de rsritul soarelui. buhaiului are o tehnic proprie de camufare n stufriul
n care triete, find ajutat de liniile verticale din penajul su.
Denumirea popular i se trage de la asemnarea glasului cu sunetul buhaiului tradiional romnesc,
cntat de Anul Nou.
buhaiul de balt
Botaurus stellaris
Psri
40
specie gregar, zboar n stoluri mixte, mpreun
cu grlia mare, n cutare de culturi agricole n
care se gsesc cereale grul, orzul i rapia sunt
printre preferatele ei. Are un zbor energic i rapid.
Gsc nordic, cuibrete n tundra siberian. n
toamn, aproximativ 60% din populaia global de
gte cu gt rou ierneaz n Delta Dunrii.
Principala ameninare se trage din asocierea ei n
stoluri de grli mare, specie admis la vntoare.
braconajul este o cauz a scderii continue a
efectivelor. n plus, zonele de odihn ale gtii cu
gt rou au fost tulburate iremediabil; specialitii
observ cum gtele se ntorc din ce n ce mai rar
n aceste spaii.
Gsca cu gt rou este una dintre cele mai periclitate
specii de gsc slbatic din lume, deci considerai-
v norocoi dac o zrii (de la deprtare!)
Gsca cu gt rou
Branta rufcollis
The Red-breasted Goose is highly gregarious and
occurs in mixed focks, regularly in association with
the Greater White-fronted Goose, fying together
in search of cereal crops such as wheat, barley
and rapeseed its favourite feeding grounds. These
birds have an energetic and rapid fight.
The Red-breasted Duck nests and breeds in the
siberian tundra. In autumn, approximately 60% of
the global population of Red-breasted Geese come
to winter in the Danube Delta.
The main threat comes from their association
with the focks of Greater White-fronted Geese, a
species allowed for hunting. Poaching is another
possible cause of the signifcant decrease in the
population. Also, their roost sites have been
irremediably altered; specialists have reported
that their numbers are gradually diminishing each
year.
The Red-breasted Goose is one of the most
endangered species of wild geese in the world, so
consider yourself luck if you spot one (even from a
distance!).
Red-breasted Goose
Branta rufcollis
Birds
41
Ciripitul care aduce a uit i biuit devine mai
strident atunci cnd se simte ameninat. n aceste
cazuri, prundraul i protejeaz oule acoperindu-
le cu nisip. Cuibul este construit n pmnt, ntr-o
groap mrginit de pietre sau vegetaie. Hrana
preferat sunt insectele i vieuitoarele acvatice.
Toamna migreaz spre zone mai calde, n estulul
Africii, Arabia i India.
Prundraul de
srtur
Charadrius
alexandrinus
The call of Kentish Plovers is generally a mellow ku-
wheet, becoming a sharp krut when restless.
To protect their eggs from potential predators,
adults cover them with sand. They usually nest in
a ground scrape or in loose stones, surrounded by
little vegetation. Kentish Plovers mainly feed on
insects and aquatic larvae. In autumn they migrate to
warmer regions like eastern Africa, Arabia and India.
Kentish Plover
or snowy Plover
Charadrius
alexandrinus
Psri
42
Whiskered Tern
Chlidonias hybridus
The Whiskered Tern shows similarities in appearance
to the Gull, being closely related. It is characterized
by a great ability to fy and spectacular dives when
foraging for food. This species breeds in humid areas,
on foating material, usually in large colonies. In
spring they nest in the Danube Delta and in autumn
they migrate to warmer regions.
seamn cu ruda sa, pescruul. Chirighia se
remarc printr-un zbor spectaculos prin care i
procur hrana de pe suprafaa apei. Cuibrete n
zone umede, n colonii mari. Primvara cuibrete
n Delt, unde gsete numeroase plante plutitoare
pe care se poate aeza, iar toamna migreaz spre
zone mai calde.
Chirighia cu obraz alb
Chlidonias hybridus
Birds
43
Este o pasre elegant, adaptat condiiilor
mltinoase n care se gsete vegetaie acvatic
din belug i linite. se hrnete cu insecte
i larve, la noi n ar din aprilie-mai pn n
septembrie.
Chirighia neagr
Chilidonias niger
Whiskered Tern
Chilidonias niger
The black Tern is a small and elegant bird, adapted to
live in peaceful wetland area, with abundant aquatic
vegetation. Black Terns mainly feed on insects and
larvae, in Romania between April-May and september.
Psri
44
barza alb este o pasre sociabil, obinuit s
triasc n apropierea omului. Cuibul este refolosit
mai muli ani la rnd chiar i zeci de ani. Primul
mascul care ajunge la cuib devine stpnul lui,
ns dac mai apar i ali masculi, se pornesc lupte
pentru stabilirea proprietarului fnal. n Romnia,
barza sosete primvara, n luna martie.
barza alb
Ciconia ciconia
White stork
Ciconia ciconia
The White stork is a gregarious bird, adapted to living
near humans. The pair may use the same nest for
several years sometimes even for 10 years. Usually,
the frst male which arrives at the
nest-site becomes its owner, but if other white stork
males happen to come, they are fghting to decide the
fnal owner. White storks migrate to Romania during
spring, in March.
Birds
45
barza neagr are conformaia celei albe, ns este
ceva mai mic. Cea mai mare parte din penaj este de
culoare neagr doar abdomenul este alb, iar ciocul
i picioarele sunt roii. barza neagr se distinge prin
schimbarea nuanelor din penaj odat cu trecerea
anilor: adulii sunt de culoare neagra, cu refexii
violete i verzui, iar roul este mai pal dect la
berzele tinere.
barza neagr
Ciconia nigra
black stork
Ciconia nigra
The black stork has the same structure as the
closely related White stork, but it is slightly
smaller. The beak and legs are red, the plumage is
all black, except for the white lower breast. The
plumage of adults black storks changes gradually
over time: the area corresponding to the black
feathers acquires a purplish green sheen and the
red becomes less bright.
Psri
46
Ereta de stuf este o pasre prdtoare care prefer
roztoarele, psrile i reptilele. Migreaz solitar,
nu n stoluri, i i petrece iarna n Africa. spre
deosebire de alte specii de rpitoare, ereta i
construiete cuibul pe sol. Prefer zonele compacte
de stufri i plaurii. Femela construiete cuibul,
iar masculul ajut doar la transportul materialelor.
Perechea are cuiburi false pentru odihn.
Delta Dunrii este unul dintre siturile-cheie pentru
conservarea speciei pe termen lung i, de aceea,
pasrea se bucur de protecie.
Ereta de stuf
Circus aeruginosus
Eurasian Marsh-harrier
Circus aeruginosus
The Eurasian Marsh-harrier is a large predatory bird which
feeds on rodents, birds and reptiles. It is a solitary migrating
bird that avoids focks and spends winter in Africa. Unlike
other birds of prey, Eurasian Marsh-harriers nest at ground
surface. They prefer dense reedbeds and marshlands. The
female usually builds the nest, while the male only helps to
collect nesting materials. The pair uses fake nests to roost.
The Danube Delta is one of the key-sites for long-term
conservation of the species, being protected under the law.
Birds
47
Pasre cltoare, dumbrveanca poposete n
Romnia din aprilie mai pn n septembrie.
Penajul su are culori armonioase i vii care i dau
un aspect exotic. Ciocul negru, puternic i puin
ncovoiat o ajut la capturarea insectelor, hrana
preferat a dumbrvencei. Ciripitul seamn uneori
cu cel al coofanei i al stncuei: cioc-cioc, iar
alteori cu cel produs de gai: rrac, rrac
Dumbrveanca nu are dumani naturali, ns este
ameninat de vntori i de lucrri de extracie a
pmntului prin care se distrug cuiburile.
Dumbrveanca
Coracias garrulus
European Roller
Coracias garrulus
A long-distance migratory bird, the European Roller
stays in Romania from AprilMay to september. The
plumage is brightly coloured, with exotic brilliant-
blue feathers. The black strong, slightly hooked bill
is used to catch insects, their favourite food. The call
is usually a harsh crow-like sound: koww-koww,
often alternated with a rasping screech typically used
by jays: skaaak-shraaak.
Psri
48
Mute swan
Cygnus olor
Mute swans have a wide distribution in Europe. Their situation in the Danube Delta is stable, with a population
of approximately 1,000 breeding pairs. They mainly feed on submerged aquatic vegetation which they reach
by plunging their more than one-meter long necks in deep waters.
The fight of Mute swans is spectacular, needing at least 10 m of clear water surface to be able to run
and take off. The humming or musical buzzing associated with the Mute swan comes from the vibrant
throbbing of the wings in fight. Although the winter season is pretty harsh for Mute swans, some birds choose
to not migrate, withdrawing to the brackish waters of lagoon areas, which have a lower freezing point.
Este o specie cu rspndire larg n Europa. n Delta Dunrii, situaia ei este stabil, aproximndu-se un
numr de 1000 de perechi cuibritoare. se bazeaz ndeosebi pe hrana din ap, putnd s se scufunde cu
gtul ei lung la mai mult de un metru.
Lebda de var necesit cel puin 10 m de ap liber pentru a-i pregti zborul. sunetul din timpul acestuia
este produs de aripi. Dei iarna este o perioad destul de grea pentru lebede, unele dintre ele rmn,
retrase n zona lagunar unde apele salmastre nghea ceva mai greu.
Lebda de var
Cygnus olor
Birds
49
Whooper swan
Cygnus Cygnus
The Whooper swan is larger and heavier than the
Mute swan, with a long neck that it usually helds
straight. Whooper swans are good fiers, in spite of
their large size, that migrate to Romania in winter and
have a breeding range that spreads from scandinavia
and northern Russia up to the Arctic region. The
Whooper swan is migratory, moving southwards to
more temperate climates. During milder Romanian
winters, the population tends to be larger. Unlike
the Mute swan that only forages on water by head-
dipping, this swan also grazes on agricultural crops.
It is a powerful species, without any natural predators,
except for humans.
Este mai mare dect lebda de var i are o alur
dreapt. Foarte bun zburtoare, lebda de iarn
este oaspete de iarn, obinuind s cuibreasc n
scandinavia i n nordul Rusiei, pn n zona Arctic.
Este o psre migratoare care vine mpins de
valurile de frig. Cu ct iernile sunt mai blnde, cu
att vin mai multe specii de lebd de iarn. Prefer
s se hrneasc pe terenurile agricole i nu prin
scufundare n ap, aa cum face lebda de var.
specie puternic, nu are niciun prdtor la noi n
ar, cu excepia omului.
Lebda de iarn
Cygnus Cygnus
Psri
50
Egreta mare este o specie protejat, afat pe
cale de dispariie. omul a contribuit la scderea
dramatic a efectivelor prin modifcarea
habitatului i prin obiceiul (din trecut!) de a
vna egrete pentru penele nupiale, folosite n
scopuri ornamentale. Egreta mare cuibrete
prin ntinderile de stuf, ferite de zgomot i de
activitatea uman, la care nu se poate adapta
nicicum. La noi se ntlnete n anotimpul cald.
Egreta mare este declarat Monument al Naturii.
Egreta mare
Egretta alba
The Great Egret is a critically endangered species
protected under the law. Human activities have
largely contributed to the dramatic decrease in
population, now close to extinction due to habitat
loss and excessive hunting (in the past!) for
breeding feathers, used for ornamental purposes.
The Great Egret usually nests in reedbeds, away
from any noise and human activities. In Romania,
it can be found in the warm season.
The Great Egret has been declared a protected
species of national interest.
Great Egret
Egretta alba
Birds
51
Are o istorie neagr pentru c n trecut a fost
vnat. Pe lng podoaba nupial, are cteva fre
ornamentale care formeaz o frumoas creast
ce pornete de la ceaf. Ce bine c oamenii au
contientizat la timp i nu se mai folosesc de
egret pentru podoabe vestimentare! i plac
lacurile cu ape mici i ml. i este caracteristic un
pescuit activ, urmrindu-i prada.
Egreta mic este o pasre rar care cuibrete n
special n Delta Dunrii, n colonii mixte, ndeosebi
n slciile pitice. odat cu sosirea toamnei,
migreaz spre Marea Mediteran.
Egreta mic este declarat Monument al Naturii.
Egreta mic
Egretta garzetta
A look at history shows a dark period of extensive
over-hunting. In breeding plumage, adults have
two long nape plumes forming a beautiful crest.
It was a great achievement that people became
aware of the danger of extinction and prohibited
the use of Little Egret feathers as fashion
decorations. They prefer shallow and muddy
freshwaters. Little Egrets are characterized by
active hunting, preferring to stalk their prey.
It is a rare species that can be found in the Danube
Delta, nesting in mixed colonies, particularly
in small willows. In autum, they migrate to the
Mediteranean Sea.
The Little Egret has been declared a protected
species of national interest.
Little Egret
Egretta garzetta
Psri
52
Este un animal de prad care se hrnete n special
cu popndi i psri pe care le captureaz n zborul
su rapid i energic. La noi este o prezen rar,
pe cale de dispariie, cuibrind uneori n Dobrogea
i Cmpia de Vest. oim de talie medie, triete
uneori alturi de alte psri, cum ar f strcii.
oimul dunrean
Falco cherrug
The saker Falcon is a raptor that mainly feeds on ground
squirrels and birds, captured during his rapid fight, with a
vigorous fapping of wings. It is a rare presence on Romanian
territory that can be found sometimes in the steppe regions of
Dobrudja and the West Plain. The saker Falcon is a medium-
sized falcon which often lives in mixed colonies, usually
associated with herons.
saker Falcon
Falco cherrug
Birds
53
Triete n colonii i se folosete de obicei de cuiburi
de cioar de semntur. Este mai activ la amurg,
cnd se hrnete cu gndaci, plonie, crbui i
coropinie. Adesea poate f vzut pe frele electrice
sau zburnd pe loc. Ciripitul su const n sunete
stridente. n Romnia poate f ntnit ntre lunile
aprilie i septembrie.
Vnturelul de sear
Falco vespertinus
Red-footed Falcons are colonial breeders, reusing
the old nests of rooks. They are more active at dusk,
when they usually feed on various bugs like bedbugs,
beetles and fen crickets. They can be often spotted
perching on electric wires or hovering in mid air.
They emit strong sounds. In Romania, they can be
found from April to September.
Red-footed Falcon
Falco vespertinus
Psri
54
Este una dintre cele mai mari psri de prad
din Europa. Vneaz peti, psri mici, reptile
sau mici mamifere, precum roztoarele,
avnd rolul de a ine sub control anumite
populaii. se aseamn unui vultur, dar este
o acvil (acvilele sunt animale de prad, pe
cnd vulturii se hrnesc cu hoituri).
Pna la 60-70% dintre puii care prsesc cuibul
nu reuesc s treac de prima iarn, fapt
ntlnit la multe dintre psrile prdtoare.
Din acest motiv, rata de nmulire este extrem
de scazut, specia find n prezent ameninat.
specialiti n ornitologie spun c, dup pelican,
codalbul este a doua emblem a Deltei.
Codalbul
Haliaeetus
albicilla
White-tailed
Eagle
Haliaeetus
albicilla
The white-tailed Eagle is one of the largest
predators in Europe. Prey specimens can
often include fsh, small birds, reptiles or
small mammals, such as rodents, having
a signifcant role in keeping the size of
certain populations under control. The
While-tailed Eagle resembles the vulture,
but is in fact an eagle (eagles are predators,
while vultures are birds scavenging on
carcasses).

Up to 60-70% of the young dont survive
the frst winter after fedging the nest, as it
usually occurs with most predators. For this
reason, the breeding rate is extremely low,
the species being classifed as vulnerable.

ornithologists consider the White-tailed
Eagle as the second symbol of the Danube
Delta, after the pelican.
Birds
55
Piciorongul i trage numele de la picioarele sale
foarte lungi, de culoare roie. n zbor, este o pasre
uor de recunoscut deoarece picioarele i depesc
cu mult corpul.
oule de piciorong sunt clocite de ambii soi.
Dup eclozare, puii i urmeaz imediat prinii.
Cinii ciobanilor care fur oule piciorongilor sunt
principala ameninare, simindu-se nevoia unei legi
prin care cinii s nu fe lsai n Rezervaie, cel
puin n perioada cuibritului.
De mai bine de o jumtate de secol, Piciorongul a
fost declarat Monument al Naturii.
Piciorongul
Himantopus
himantopus
black-winged stilt
Himantopus
himantopus
The black-winged stilt has very long and fne reddish-
pink legs and black wings, hence its common name.
It is easily recognizable when fying due to the long
legs projected beyond the tail.
Both male and female incubate. The chicks can
follow their parents immediately after hatching. The
main threat comes from shepherd dogs and there
should be a law restricting the dogs access to the
Reservation, at least during the breeding period.
The black-winged stilt has been a protected species
of national interest for more than half a century.
Psri
56
Birds
57
Denumit i btlan, este oaspete de var la noi n ar i poate f rar observat
deoarece prefer zonele retrase n care se poate camufa printre stufriuri.
Este un animal de prad, cu un cioc puternic i un gt lung care-l ajut s prind
insecte, crustacei, broate i peti de mici dimensiuni. strcul pitic este o pasre
static ce prefer s se ascund n stuf n caz de pericol, n loc s zboare. Dac
strcului nu i e bine cu oameni n preajm, s-i respectm dorina!
strcul pitic
Ixobrychus minutes
Little Bittern
Ixobrychus minutes
The Little bittern comes to Romania in summer. They can be rarely seen because
they prefer isolated areas such as reed beds, providing good camoufage.
Little bitterns are predatory birds, with a strong bill and a long neck that allows
them to feed on insects, crustaceans, frogs and small fsh. It is mainly a static bird,
when in danger preferring to hide behind reedbeds than to fy. If Little bitterns
would rather stay away from humans, lets not try to convince them otherwise!
Psri
58
i seamn pescruului rztor, ns este mai mare, iar ciripitul are un timbru mai grav.
Penajul su este predominant alb, cu argintiu i negru pe spate. De regul oaspete de
var la noi, ierneaz n nord-estul Mrii Mediterane i n sudul Mrii Caspice.
Pescruul cu cioc subire
Larus genei
slender-billed Gull
Larus genei
It resembles the black-headed Gull, but this species is slightly larger and
heavier. The call is more nasal and harsher compared to the sounds uttered
by the black-headed Gull. Its plumage is predominantly white, with silver and
black on the back.
slender-billed Gulls come to Romania in summer. During winter they can be
found in the northern-east of the Mediterranean sea and the southern part of
the Caspian sea.
Birds
59
Psri
60
Are un ciripit aparte care aduce a mieunat. Prefer
insectele de uscat i nu vieuitoarele acvatice.
Cuibrete n colonii, alturi de alte specii de
balt, precum pescruul rztor, chira de balt,
piciorongul, ciocntors. se remarc printr-un ritual
nupial impresionant, cu deschideri ale ciocului,
ale aripilor i micri specifce ale gtului.
n urma colonizrii Dobrogei dup Rzboiul de
Independen, densitatea acestor psri a sczut
treptat, pentru c n prezent s se cunoasc o
singur colonie n toat ara, afat din nefericire
n apropierea unei osele i a unei localiti.
Pescruul
cu cap negru
Larus melanocephalus
Mediteranean Gull
Larus melanocephalus
The Mediteranean Gull is a noisy species, with a
nasal yeah call. They prefer insects to aquatic
organisms as their primary food.
This gull breeds in colonies, along with other
species, such as the black-headed Gull, the
common tern, the black-winged stilt and the Pied
Avocet. It is characterized by impressive courtship
displays, including bill-tossing, wing-spreading and
typical movements of the neck.
Following the colonization of Dobrudja after the
Romanian Independence War, the Mediteranean
Gulls have suffered a signifcant decrease in
population to the extent that today there is
only one colony in the entire country, which
unfortunately is located near a highroad and a
human settlement.
Birds
61
Psri
62
Birds
63
Este o pasre frumoas i elegant, cu 2-3 pene
lungi ornamentale. Prefer s pescuiasc n amurg,
de unde i se trage i numele. De obicei formeaz
colonii mixte, alturi de egrete mici i alte specii de
strci i cormorani mici. Numrul strcilor de noapte
este n scdere i de aceea este o specie ocrotit de
legislaia Romniei, ct i de cea internaional.
strcul de noapte
Nycticorax nycticorax
black-crowned Night Heron
Nycticorax nycticorax
It is a beautiful and elegant bird, with 2-3 long
ornamental plums. It prefers to feed at dusk, fact
that gave rise to its name. They usually breed in
mixed colonies, with other species of herons, Little
Egrets and Pygmy Cormorants. black-crowned
Night Heros have suffered a signifcant decrease
so, for this reason, this species is protected
under national law and several international
conventions.
Psri
64
Penele de pe ceaf sunt cree, iar aripile superioare sunt
albe, pe cnd la pelicanii comuni sunt negre. n perioada de
reproducere, culoarea penajului este deosebit plumburiul
devine argintiu strlucitor. sunt psri foarte sensibile dac
o colonie a fost deranjat ntr-un an, exist riscul ca n anul
urmtor psrile s evite acel loc. Este o specie periclitat la
nivel mondial.
Pelicanul cre
Pelecanus crispus
Dalmatian Pelican
Pelecanus crispus
The Dalmatian Pelican has long curply nape feathers and the
upper part of the wings coloured in white, comparing with Great
White Pelicans which is black. During breeding, it has silvery-
grey plumage. Dalmatian Pelicans are very sensitive birds if
a colony was disturbed, its very probably that the birds will
not return to it. Its an endangered species protected under
international conventions.
Birds
65
Psri
66
Birds
67
n Delta Dunrii se gsete cea mai mare populaie de pelicani
comuni din Europa. Pelicanul mannc doar pete, n jur de 1-2
kg pe zi. Este considerat un adevrat sanitar al blii deoarece
se hrnete i cu petii bolnavi care pot f contagioi. Este o
pasre foarte mare, cu o anvergur de pn la 3.20 m. Gua
seamn cu un sac, afat n spatele mandibulei inferioare. se
crede c pelicanul depoziteaz petele n acea gu, ns n
realitate aceasta l ajut chiar s captureze petele.
Pelicanii cuibresc n zone de plauri sau pe insule, n spaii greu
accesibile. Pelicanul cre este i el foarte sensibil la prezena
uman, cunoscndu-se cazuri n care nu s-au mai ntors la
cuiburile lor odat ce acestea au fost deranjate de turiti.
Pelicanul este considerat emblema Deltei Dunrii.
Pelicanul comun
Pelecanus onocrotalus
Great White Pelican
Pelecanus onocrotalus
The largest population of Great White Pelicans in Europe can be
found in the Danube Delta. They mainly feed on fsh, on average
1-2 kg per day. Pelicans have a major role in water sanitation,
as they also eat fsh affected by contagious diseases. It is a huge
bird, having a wing-span of up to 3,20 m. Great White Pelicans
have an elastic pouch that extends from their lower bills to the
base of their throat, resembling a bag. It is commonly believed
that pelicans deposit fsh in their pouch, but in fact it only helps
them to catch fsh.
Pelicans prefer nesting in small isolated islands. As is common in
pelicans, the close approach of turists to a breeding colony in the
Danube Delta biosphere Reservation has been reported to cause
the pelicans to abandon their nests, including eggs and chicks, in
self-preservation.
The Great White Pelican is the symbol of the Danube Delta.
Psri
68
Triete n colonii mixte, mpreun cu egrete,
cormorani mari i strci. De obicei este un oaspete
de var care migreaz odat cu venirea frigului n
zone calde din bulgaria i Grecia. Totui, n iernile
calde sute de cormorani rmn n Delta Dunrii.
Proliferarea speciei este afectat de turismul
haotic brcile care ajung n apropierea coloniilor
deranjeaz psrile. n perioada cuibritului este cu
att mai grav pentru c adulii prsesc cuiburile,
iar puii lsai singuri cad i se neac.
Pe plan global specia este pe cale de dispariie,
ns n Europa este considerat doar vulnerabil. s
avem grij!
Cormoranul mic
Phalacrocorax pygmeus
Pygmy Cormorant
Phalacrocorax pygmeus
Pygmy Cormorants come to Romania in summer. They
prefer nesting in in mixed colonies, along with other
species such as egrets, Great Cormorants and herons.
only during warm winters they stay in Danube Delta.
otherwhise Pigmy Cormants are migrating to warmer
areas from bulgaria and Greece.
Proliferation of this species is affected by chaotic
tourism the boats foating near the colonies are
disturbing the birds. Its even more critical when
Pigmy Cormorant adults are leaving the nests, the
juveniles are left alone so they fall and drown.
Altough globally this species is close to extinction, in
Europe is only classifed as vulnerable. so, be careful!
Birds
69
Eurasian spoonbill
Platalea leucorodia
Eurasian spoonbills needs shallow waters. They
can swim only in extreme cases and they usually
nest on the ground or in trees. When a colony is
formed in a safe place, it attracts more birds each
year. Eurasian spoonbills use their atypical bill
to forage for food, by moving head and bill from
side to side into water, hence the nickname the
reaper in Romanian.
This species is vulnerable to human disturbances,
being close to extinction due to turist invasions
into their breeding areas.
Este o pasre de rm, are nevoie de ape mici i
noat doar n cazuri extreme. i construiete
cuibul pe sol, n zona lagunar sau n arbori, n
interiorul Deltei. Cnd coloniile sunt aezate pe
terenuri sigure, acestea atrag an de an tot mai multe
exemplare. Hrana este prins cu ajutorul ciocului
su neobinuit, prin micri circulare laterale care
i-au atras porecla de cosa.
strcul loptar este ameninat de turitii exagerat
de curioi care ptrund n colonii.
strcul loptar
Platalea leucorodia
Psri
70
Are un cioc lung i curbat cu ajutorul cruia caut hran n nmol. Poate f
recunoscut dup zborul frumos i elegant, cu momente de planare. oaspete
de var, triete n aproape toate coloniile mixte, alturi de strci de tot
felul i cormorani mici.
Pe vremuri, ignuul a fost o pasre comun. n anii `70-`80, erau
nregistrate 12.000 de perechi, dar ntre timp numrul lor a sczut drastic,
ajungnd n prezent la doar 1.200 de perechi.
n timpul comunismului, s-a ncercat chiar producerea de conserve cu carne
de ignu. Ne trec forii i ne bucurm c ncercrile au euat! Azi nu mai
constituie obiectul vntorii, dar sufer din cauza turismului haotic, find pe
cale de dispariie.
ignuul
Plegadis falcinellus
Glossy Ibis
Plegadis falcinellus
It has a long hooked bill used to forage for food in muddy waters. They usually fy
in focks, in large formations, with rapid wing-faps interspersed with short glides.
A summer resident on Romanian territory, the Glossy Ibis lives in mixed colonies,
in association with different species of herons and Pygmy Cormorants.
The Glossy Ibis used to be a common bird in Romania. In the 70s and 80s, there
were reported 12,000 pairs, but meanwhile, their number has dramatically
decreased to only 1,200 pairs.
During the communist regime, there was a project to produce canned Glossy Ibis
meat. We are appalled at this initiative and extremely content that it has failed
in the end! Hunting is prohibited today, but this species is still threatened by the
chaotic turism in the area.
Birds
71
Psri
72
Birds
73
Little Crake
Porzana parva
Little Crakes show a preference for muddy waters, dense reeds and marsh
vegetation, with foating leaves on which they often like to walk. A summer visitor
in Romania, this bird is relatively common throughout the country. In autumn
they migrate to the south.
Iubete nmolul i vegetaia de mlatin, cu frunze plutitoare pe care poate
s mearg. oaspete de var, este o pasre pe care des ntlnit la noi n
ar. Toamna migreaz spre sud.
Criste cenuiu
Porzana parva
Psri
74
Pasre de rm, nrudit cu piciorongul. Are o
alur elegant i un cioc neobinuit, rsucit n
sus, folosit pentru a scurma n ape mici pentru
capturarea de viermiori, rcuori, larve acvatice
i insecte. Picioarele au culoarea cerului, rar
ntlnit la psrile de pe teritoriul Romniei.
i plac apele salmastre, unde i construiete un
cuib rudimentar, din cteva fre de iarb i scoici.
Manifest agresivitatea fa de intrui. se preface
rnit atunci cnd este ameninat pentru a
distrage atenia i astfel, pentru a-i apra puii.
Paznic de ndejde al ntregii coloniei, scoate nite
strigte, lip-lip, care alarmeaz toate speciile
din zon.
specia este protejat de legea naional i de o
serie de convenii internaionale.
Ciocntors
Recurvirostra avosetta
Pied Avocet
Recurvirosta avosetta
The Pied Avocet is a shorebird, related to the
black-winged stilt. It is a very elegant bird, that
shows a conspicuous upcurved long bill, used to
forage for food in shallow waters to capture little
worms, tiny crabs, aquatic larvae and insects.
It has long pale blue-grey legs, which is quite
uncommon for Romanian birds. The Pied Avocet
breeds in brackish waters, where it builds a
rudimentary nest, using grass stems and shells as
nesting material.
They become very aggressive towards intruders.
When threatened, they pretend to be hurt in
order to distract enemies and protect their chicks.
A very reliable guardian of the entire colony, their
loud calls kloo-eet alert all populations from
surrounding areas.
This species is protected under national law and
several international conventions.
Birds
75
Psri
76
Birds
77
Penajul su seamn cu cel al pescruului. oaspete
de var, prefer ca loc de cuibrit Delta Dunrii. De
regul, triete n mici colonii. Toamna migreaz
spre vestul Africii, zona Mrii Roii i inuturile de
coast din sud-vestul Asiei pn n India.
Chira mic
Sterna albifrons
Little tern
Sterna albifrons
The Little Tern closely resembles the gull in plumage.
A summer Romanian resident, the Little Tern usually
breeds in the Danube Delta. It prefers to live in
isolated pairs or small colonies. In autumn Little Terns
migrate to warmer climates such as western Africa,
Red sea region and the south-western coasts of Asia.
Psri
78
Este un prdtor de noapte care zboar fr s
produc zgomot, pn la 15 km distan de cuib.
Hrana preferat const n mamifere mici (oareci,
iepuri), broate, psri mici i insecte. buha se
ntlnete cu precdere n Lunca Dunrii i n zonele
de cmpie.
Buha
Bubo bubo
Eurasian Eagle-owl
Bubo bubo
A noctural predator, the Eurasian Eagle-owl has
a silent fight, up to 15 km away from its nest-
site. They mainly feed on small mammals (mice,
rabbits), frogs, small birds and insects.The
Eurasian Eagle-owl can be found especially in the
Danube Meadow and also in fatlands.
Birds
79
Este strmoul direct al gtei domestice. Are abiliti
deosebite, putnd s zboare sute de kilometri fr
oprire. Pentru hrnire, prefer apropierea de zonele
agricole.
sunt considerate printre cele mai inteligente psri,
trstur pus pe seam sociabilitii acestora. se
observ relaii foarte puternice ntre gtele ce
aparin aceluiai stol e nevoie de o singur chemare
ca ntreg stolul s se mobilizeze.
Interdicia de vnare a gtelor pe teritoriul
Rezervaiei biosferei Delta Dunrii, introdus odat
cu anul 2012, a fost resimit: psri mai puin
temtoare i n numr mai mare.
Gsca de var
Anser anser
Greylag Goose
Anser anser
This species is the ancestor of most of the domestic
geese. Greylag Geese have amazing abilities, being
able to fy for hundreds of kilometers without
stopping. They show a preference for agricultural
crops as a main source of food.
Greylag Geese are considered among the most
intelligent birds, due to their gregarious nature.
There are very strong relations between the
members of the same fock a single call is enough
to summon an entire congregation.
The hunting restrictions in the Danube Delta
biosphere Reservation introduced in 2012 have
already showed results: the population is larger
and less alarmed.
Psri
80
Birds
81
Formeaz cea mai numeroas populaie de gte
din Europa, n prezent nregistrndu-se peste
250.000 de exemplare. La noi este oaspete de
iarn, venind tocmai din tundra siberian. sosete
n octombrie-noiembrie, formnd stoluri uriae
mpreun cu gsca cu gt rou.
Este o specie general acceptat la vntoare n
Europa, dar exist reglementri n ceea ce privete
sezoanele permise. Principalele ameninri sunt
vntorii, dar i prdtorii naturali, precum
acvilele, acalul, vulpea i, n unele cazuri, cinii
vagabonzi.
Are o strategie de zbor deosebit pentru c
zboar n formaie n form de V: n frunte
stau exemplarele adulte, experimentate, iar la
mijloc stau exemplarele tinere. Pe tot parcursul
zborului, familia de grlie comunic.
Grlia mare
Anser albifrons
Greater White-fronted Goose
Anser albifrons
It is the largest population of wild geese in Europe,
with over 250,000 birds today. They come to
Romania in winter all the way from the siberian
tundra. They arrive in october-November, fying
in huge focks, usually in association with the red-
breasted goose.
This species is generally accepted for hunting in
Europe, but there are certain regulation regarding
seasonal restrictions. The main threats are hunters,
but also natural predators such as eagles, jackals,
foxes and sometimes feral dogs.
They are characterized by fying in V-formations:
with the more experienced adults in front and
juveniles in the middle. The Greater White-fronted
Geese usually communicate with each other when
fying in focks.
Psri
82
Birds
83
Cufundacul mare e o prezen rar n Delta Dunrii, care
poate f vzut doar n sezonul rece. Poposete n general pe
apele nengheate. Cuibrete n Canada, Alaska, Groenlanda
i Islanda. n Romnia ajunge mai degrab accidental.
Cufundac mare
Gavia immer
Great Northern Diver
Gavia immer
The Great Northern Diver is a rare presence in the Danube
Delta, which can be seen only during the cold season. They
usually roost on frozen waters. The Great Northern Diver
breeds in the arctic regions of Canada, Alaska, Greenland
and Iceland. Its occurrence on Romanian territory is
rather accidental.
Psri
84
Corcodelul este mai mic dect porumbelul i are
un corp rotunjor. Coloritul modest l face greu
de observat, ns prezena sa este trdat prin
strigte n triluri ascuite. specie bine adaptat la
viaa acvatic, corcodelul este acoperit cu un strat
de puf impermeabil. i construiete cuibul n zone
cu vegetaie deas, lng coloniile de pescrui
sau liie. Cuibul este plutitor, construit din plante
acvatice. Uneori rmne la noi i pe timp de iarn,
atunci cnd gsete ape nengheate.
Corcodelului i este specifc un elegant ritual de
mperechere: un dans n dou sau trei exemplare,
cu micri rapide i sincronizate.
Corcodelul mic
Tachybaptus rufcollis
Little Grebe
Tachybaptus rufcollis
The Little Grebe is slightly smaller than a pigeon and
its body has a roundish shape. The plain-coloured
plumage makes it hard to notice, but its presence
is often given away by the shrill trills. This species
is well-adapted to aquatic life, being covered by
dense and waterproof feathers. It usually nests in
densely-vegetated areas, near colonies of gulls or
rails. They usually build foating nests from aquatic
plants. sometimes they stay in Romania during the
cold season, when they can fnd unfrozen waters.
Little Grebes carry out elaborate and highly
elegant ritualised breeding: two or three bird
perform a dance on the water surface, with rapid
and synchronized movements.
Birds
85
specie acvatic i migratoare, poposete n Romnia
din martie-aprilie pn n mai-iunie. Cuibrete n
scorburi i vizuini vechi de vulpe, uneori afate la
mare deprtare de ape. Are nevoie de zone umede,
n special n perioada de nprlire, dar i de cmpuri
de cereale, pajiti i stepe, unde se poate hrni cu
materii vegetale i diferite insecte.
Clifarul rou este caracteristic zonelor de ap i
step din Asia i Europa de Est. Numrul lui este n
cretere n Delta Dunrii.
Califar rou
Tadorna feruginea
Ruddy shelduck
Tadorna feruginea
It is an aquatic and migratory species, present
on Romanian territory from March-April to May-
June. Ruddy shelducks usually nest in cavities or
abandoned fox burrows, sometimes far away from
any water. They need humid areas, especially during
molting period, and also cereal crops, meadows and
steppe areas, where they can feed on plant matter
and various insects.
The Ruddy shelduck usually breeds in wetland
regions and steppe areas of Asia and Eastern Europe.
The population is increasing in the Danube Delta.
Psri
86
Clifarul alb este o pasre impozant i frumos colorat, de
mrimea gtei domestice. Este o pasre cltoare ce poposete
pe teritoriul romnesc ntre martie i octombrie. Iubete apele
mici din zonele costiere i cele cu ape salmastre. i construiete
cuibul pe sol, fe n malurile ravenelor i rpelor, fe ocup o
galerie gata fcut de o vulpe sau de un viezure.
Faptul c este o specie protejat, considerat Monument al
Naturii, ajut la mbuntirea numrului de clifari albi.
Califar alb
Tadorna tadorna
Birds
87
Common shelduck
Tadorna tadorna
The Common shelduck is a striking colorful bird,
resembling the domestic geese in size. It is a migratory
bird, settling on Romanian territory from March
to october. Common shelduck breeds in shallow
coastal or brackish waters. The nest is usually built
on the ground, or on the slopes of steppe ravines,
but sometimes they also use burrows already built by
foxes or badgers.
The fact that the Common shelduck is now a protected
species of national interest helps to increase their
population.
Psri
88
Birds
89
Are un cioc puternic, cu un fel de crlig n vrf care
este folositor la prinderea i nghiirea petelui.
scufundtor excelent, st sub ap chiar pn la 70 de
secunde. Principalul adversar natural este codalbul
cormoranul este vnat imediat dup pescuit, cnd
nu poate zbura pentru c trebuie s i usuce penele.
Cormoranii mari i pelicanii sunt considerai duntori
de ctre localnici, crezndu-se c srcesc balta de
pete. specialitii ne spun ns c nainte ei erau
prezeni n numr mult mai mare, iar petele tot
exista. Erau mai muli cormorani i pelicani pentru c
se gsea mai mult pete.
Cormoranul mare
Phalacrocorax carbo
Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo
Great Cormorants have a strong bill, with a hooked
tip that helps them in catching and swallowing fsh.
An excellent diver, the Great Cormorant can stay
submerged up to 70 seconds. Their main natural
predator is the White-tailed Eagle, which usually
hunts Cormorants immediately after they come out
of water, not being able to fy because their feathers
need to be dry.
Great Cormorants and Pelicans are considered
important fsh competitors by local fshermen, as
they believe that they cause a decrease in the size
of fsh populations. However, specialists argue that
the Great Cormorant population was larger before,
without this affecting in any way the size of the fsh
population. Their number was simply proportional to
the number of fsh.
Psri
90
Este denumit i raa ascuit sau raa cu coad de
frigare deoarece dou pene din mijlocul cozii sunt
mai lungi. Are o siluet lung ce o face recognoscibil
n timpul zborului. Raa suliar este o specie care
traverseaz teritoriul romnesc. Rar se ntlnesc
cteva exemplare care ierneaz aici.
Raa suliar
Anas acuta
Northern Pintail
Anas acuta
The males long central tail feathers give rise to
the species name. It can be easily recognized by
its elongated shape in fight. The Northern Pintail
only transits the Romanian territory. It rarely
winters in this region.
Birds
91
Peti
92
Porucuorul de es este o specie destul de rspndit
pe tot parcusul Dunrii, prefernd de regul apele
curgtoare i dulci. Triete n zonele mai adnci i
cu un curs lent, cu fund nisipos sau argilos. n ape
stagnante este ntlnit doar accidental.
Nu se pescuiete industrial sau sportiv i nici nu are
valoare culinar, find o specie de mici dimensiuni.
Porcuorul de es
Gobio albipinnatus
White-fnned
Gudgeon
Gobio albipinnatus
The White-fnned Gudgeon is a common rheophile,
freshwater species found in all sectors of the Danube.
It prefers deeper, slow-moving waters with sandy
and clay bottoms. Its presence in stagnant water is
accidental.
A small scale species, it bears no appeal for industrial
or recreational fshing and has no culinary value.
Fish
93
Este des ntlnit n cele mai multe dintre rurile
mari din zonele de deal i es, n Dunre i blile
sale inundabile. Pe teritoriul Rezervaiei biosferei
Deltei Dunrii este un pete frecvent ntlnit, n
toate apele dulci i n dreptul gurilor de vrsare a
Dunrii n marea Neagr.
Avatul prezint interes n pescuitul sportiv. n
buctrie, avatul este mai puin apreciat pentru
c are o carne fr gust i cu multe oase n zona
spinrii. De obicei, este gtit n amestec cu alte
specii, n ciorba pescreasc, srat sau afumat.
Avatul, haut, lupul obleilor
Aspius aspius
Asp
Aspius aspius
Frequently found in most foothill and lowland large
rivers, in the Danube and its foodplains. A common
species of fsh within the Danube Delta biosphere
Reserve, it can be found in most freshwaters, large
shallow inlets and even in the black sea at the mouths
of the Danube.
The Asp is of interest for recreational fshing. From a
culinary point of view, the Asp is less appreciated. Its
meat is bland and it has lots of bones along the spine.
Usually it is eaten along with other species, in fsh
broths, salted or smoked.
Peti
94
behlia este rspndit n cele mai multe dintre
apele dulci stagnante din zonele de deal i es.
se mai ntlnete i n sectoarele lente ale mai
multor ruri i prauri. boara
este o specie comun n Delta Dunrii.
Nu este de interes pentru pescuitul industrial
deoarece are dimensiuni mici i este lipsit de
caliti culinare. n pescuitul sportiv, boara
folosete ca momeal pentru pescuitul staionar
al petilor rpitori, cum ar bibanul i tiuca.
boara este o specie pe cale de dispariie la nivel
european.
boara boarc / Chisoag / behli
Rhodeus sericeus amarus
European bitterling
Rhodeus sericeus amarus
The European bitterling is found in most foothills and
lowlands, in stagnant freshwaters, as well as in the
slow-fow areas of many rivers and rivulets. It is a
frequent species in the Danube Delta. being a very
small scale species with no culinary value, it has no
appeal for industrial fshing. In recreational fshing it
is used as bait for the stationary fshing of predatory
fsh, like perch or pike.
The European bitterling is considered an endagered
species throughout Europe.
Fish
95
Prefer apele stttoare i sectoarele lente ale
rurilor, de la deal i es. La secarea apelor,
se ngroap n nmol pn la aproximativ 20
cm adncime, protejat de mucus i ferit de
deshidratare. Petele revine n ape odat cu o
nou inundare.
Nu se pescuiete pentru c are dimensiuni mici,
iar gustul su fad aduce a ml. iparul este folosit
ca momeal vie.
Pentru c apele mezotrofe i oligotrofe ale Deltei
Dunrii s-au mpuinat, numrul iparilor s-a redus
considerabil, specia find pe cale de dispariie.
ipar / Chicar / Vrlan
Misgurnus fossilis
European Weather Loach
Misgurnus fossilis
It prefers stangnant foothill and lowland waters, river
slow-fowing areas. When ponds dry out, loaches lay
deep down to 20 cm beneath the mud. Its mucus
layer prevents dehidration. Fresh foods bring it back
to aquatic life.
A small sized fsh, the loach has no commercial value
and has a bland, muddy taste. Loaches can be used
as live bait.
As mesotrophic and oligotrophic waters became
scarce in the Danube Delta, the number of loaches
also decreased considerably, thus becoming an
endangered species.
Peti
96
Este ntlnit n general n rurile de cmpie, mai
puin primvara cnd se ndreapt spre bli ca
urmare a creterii nivelului apelor. Nu mai prezint
interes pentru pescuitul industrial deoarece este
un pete rar, iar n pescuitul sportiv se prinde doar
ocazional. n prezent, au fost semnalate vduvie
pe braul sulina, ntre maliuc i Gorgova i rar n
samova-Parche i Razim-sinoie.
Vduvia
Leuciscus idus
Ide
Leuciscus idus
Generally found in lowland rivers, except during
spring, when it withdraws in ponds due to a raise in
water levels. It is of no interest to industrial fshing
anymore, as it became scarce. It is rarely captured
in recreational fshing. Recently it has been spotted
down on sulina branch, between maliuc and Gorgova
and rarely in samova-Parche and Razim-sinoie.
Fish
97
Are o form alungit, cu trei perechi de musti
n jurul gurii i un spin sub ochi. Este o specie
relativ frecvent n Dunre. Triete att n ape
curgtoare, ct i n cele stagnante. Ziua st pe
fundul apei, ngropat n ml sau nisip, iar noaptea
se activeaz pentru hrnire.
Nu are caliti alimentare i nu este de interes
pentru pescuitul industrial sau sportiv. Uneori se
folosete ca momeal pentru pescuitul rpitorilor.
Zvrlugi, Cre
Cobitis danubialis,
C. tanaitica, C. megaspila
spined Loach
Cobitis danubialis,
C. tanaitica, C. megaspila
It has a long, thin body, three pairs of barbels
around the mouth and a two-pointed spike under
the eyes. It is a relatively common species in the
Danube basin. It prefers both fresh and stagnant
waters. It spends the daylight hours on the
bottom covered in silt or sand. During the night
it becomes active and starts feeding. It bears no
culinary qualities and has no interest for industrial
or recreational fshing. sometimes it is used as
bait for catching predatory fsh.
Peti
98
Povestea linului este pozitiv i ncurajatoare n
legtur cu viitorul Rezervaiei biosferei Delta
Dunrii. Din cauza polurii i a eutrofzrii (polurii
cu nutrieni), numrul linilor se diminuaser
considerabil i de aceea pescuitul speciei a
fost interzis ntre anii 1991 i 1997. odat cu
reducerea polurii cu nutrieni, populaiile de lin
s-au refcut i astfel a devenit un pete de interes
industrial pentru care nu exist msuri speciale
de protecie.
Lin
Tinca tinca
Tench
Tinca tinca
The story of the tench is a positive, encouraging
one when it comes to the future of the Danube
Delta biosphere Reserve. As a result of pollution
and eutrophication (polution due to nutrients), its
population had severely decreased, so fshing was
consequently banned between 1991 and 1997. once
nutrient polution was reduced, tench populations
recovered and it became interesting for industrial
fshing again, without any special protection
measures.
Fish
99
Fusarul e o specie care prefer apele curgtoare
mai adnci, cu substrat solid, ndeosebi de nisip
i pietri. De obicei st pe fundul apei, fr s se
mite. se reproduce n perioada martie-mai cnd
icrele sunt depuse pe pietre i crengi. n Romnia,
fusarul este relativ comun pe tot traseul Dunrii,
n aval de brila i, de asemenea, n unii afueni
(Prut, siret, olt, Jiu, Timi, bega, mure, Cri,
some, Tisa). Nu triete n crduri i nu migreaz.
Fusarul
Zingel streber
streber
Zingel streber
The streber prefers deeper waters with hard bottoms
mainly consisting of sand and gravel. It usually lays
still on the bottom of the water. breeding takes place
between march and may when the eggs are laid on
stones and tree branches. In Romania, strebers are
relatively frequent all along the Danube, downstream
from brila and also in some of the tributary rivers
(Prut, siret, olt, Jiu, Timi, bega, mure, Cri, some,
Tisa). It never forms shoals nor migrates.
Peti
100
n Romnia se ntlnete n marea Neagr, iar pe
teritoriul Rezervaiei biosferei Delta Dunrii se
gsete n dreptul localitii Gura Portiei. st de
obicei n apele bogate n vegetaie, dar pentru
c acestea s-au diminuat, se observ declinul
populaiilor. Nu prezint interes pentru pescuitul
industrial i nici pentru cel sportiv, dar asta nu
nseamn c nu trebuie s-i apreciem contribuia
la echilibrul natural.
Ac de mare
Syngnathus typhle
broadnosed
Pipefsh
Syngnathus typhle
Can be found in the black sea and at Gura Portiei
in the Danube Delta biosphere Reserve. It usually
lurks in densely vegetated waters, so the population
declined once plants became scarce. It has no value
for industrial or recreational fshing, which doesnt
mean that we should not appreciate its contribution
to the ecosystem.
Fish
101
n Romnia este ntlnit de-a lungul litoralului
mrii Negre. odinioar se gsea n mod frecvent
n tot complexul lagunar Razim-sinoie, nainte de
ndulcirea acestuia. Triete pe fundurile nisipoase
ale apelor, n preajma rmului, iar iarna se
ndreapt spre ape mai adnci. n trecut, cambula
era o specie valoroas pentru pescuitul industrial,
find un pete foarte gustos, ns din cauza raritii,
nu se mai pescuiete.
Cambula
Platichthys fesus
European Flounder
Platichthys fesus
Present along the Romanian black sea coast.
Previously found all across the Razim-sinoie Lake
Complex, before the waters turned fresh. The
European Flounder is usually found on sandy seabeds
from the low shore, moving back to deeper waters in
winter. A tasty fsh, formerly of value for industrial
fshing, it is no longer being fshed as a consequence
of dwindling populations.
Peti
102
se ntlnete de-a lungul Dunrii, n canalele i
lacurile dulci din Rezervaia biosferei Delta Dunrii.
masculii care sunt n perioada de reproducere pot
f recunoscui dup butonii nupiali aezai pe cap.
Este o specie care se pescuiete industrial pentru
c are o carne gustoas i gras (calitate care d
gust petelui), ndeosebi din zona complexului
Razim-sinoie.
Pltica
Abramis brama
bream
Abramis brama
Found all along the Danube, in canals and freshwater
lakes in the Danube Delta biosphere Reserve. In the
spawning season, males can be easily identifed as
they grow white tubercles on their heads. Due to its
fat tasty meat, it is fshed industrially, especially in
the Razim-sinoie area.
Fish
103
se ntlnete de-a lungul litoralului mrii Negre,
ns tot mai rar n ultimele zeci de ani. n luna mai
se apropie de rm ca urmare a nclzirii apei, iar
n octombrie se ndreapt spre ape mai adnci.
Are o carne gustoas, ns se consum rar din
pricina raritii.
Lufr
Pomatomus saltatrix
bluefsh
Pomatomus saltatrix
Found along the black sea coast, unfortunately
more and more rarely over the last decades. When
the waters warm up in the month of may, they
draw near the coast, while in october they retreat
towards deeper waters. Its meat is tasty but it is
rarely consumed as a result of its dwindling numbers.
specia a fost adus n Romnia pentru a f crescut
n mod intensiv n iazuri i heletee, n scopuri
comerciale. Avantajul acestui pete este faptul c
se hrnete cu resurse trofce care nu sunt utilizate
de ali peti. n mediul natural n care a scpat,
cosaul este o specie invaziv care duneaz
ihtiofaunei prin lupta pentru aceleai resurse,
prin ritmul crescut de cretere i prin faptul c
ajunge la dimensiuni considerabile, astfel nct
poate concura cu speciile native. Nu exist dovezi
c se poate reproduce pe cale natural, aa c
ptrunderea speciei n ecosistemele naturale este
pus pe seama neglijenei proprietarilor de iazuri
i heletee.
Cosaul / Crapul chinezesc
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Grass Carp
Ctenopharyngodon idella
This species was brought to Romania for intensive
stock pond breeding for commercial use. Its main
advantage is its usage of trophic resources otherwise
not consumed by other commercial fsh species.
When it makes its way into natural environments, it
alters the ichthyofauna by competing for the same
resources, due to its rapid breeding rate and its
considerable dimensions that help the Grass Carp to
compete with native species. There is no proof that
it can breed naturally, which means its presence in
natural environments can be only attributed to stock
pond owners negligence.
Peti
104
specie ntlnit frecvent n apele dulci i stagnante
din Rezervaia biosferei Delta Dunrii. Are o carne
gustoas, ns find de talie mic, se consum rar i
nu este exploatat industrial. Aspectul neobinuit
al bibanului soare l face s fe o specie care nu
poate f confundat cu o alta din Romnia.
biban soare
Lepomis gibbosus
Pumpkinseed sunfsh
Lepomis gibbosus
Frequently found in the stagnant freshwaters of
the Danube Delta bisphere Reserve. Its meat is
tasty but, given its small dimension, it is rarely
consumed and never industrially exploited. Its
unusual features make it easily recognizable,
hard to be mistaken for other species.
Fish
105
Peti
106
n prezent specia se regsete n ape stttoare
din judeele satu mare, bihor, Giurgiu, Ilfov i
Clrai. La secarea apelor se ngroap n ml,
unde rezist timp ndelungat. Pentru c are
dimensiuni foarte reduse, nu prezint importan
pentru pescuit.
n ultima vreme, ignuul a devenit o raritate
n habitatul su, disprnd din multe zone.
motivul? Fenomenul de eutrofzare a condus la
deteriorarea habitatelor favorabile. ignuului i
se acord o atenie sporit privind protecia pe
plan european.
ignuul
Umbra krameri
European mudminnow
Umbra krameri
Presently the European mudminnow can be found
in several ponds in satu mare, bihor, Giurgiu, Ilfov
and Clrai districts. When ponds dry out, loaches
lay down beneath the mud for a long time. It has no
fshing value, given its very small dimensions.
Lately, the mudminnow has become a rarity in its
habitat, all but disappearing from many areas. The
reason? habitat deterioration. Consequently, the
mudminnow enjoys a particular attention in terms of
protection all across Europe.
Fish
107
somnul triete n ape dulci, n zona de es, coline i
dealuri. Prefer rurile, dar n timpul reproducerii
se ndreapt i ctre apele stttoare. Cel mai
mare exemplar de somn a avut peste 5 m lungime
i aproximativ 400 kg. somnul triete pn la
aproximativ 80 de ani. Este un rpitor nocturn
care i surprinde prada printr-o metod proprie
de aspiraie brusc i un sunet specifc. somnul
este o specie de interes comercial deoarecere are
carnea gras, iar oasele sunt mrunte.
somnul
Silurus glanis
Wels catfsh
Silurus glanis
Catfsh can be found in lowland, foothill and hill
freshwater. It prefers rivers, but also withdraws in
stagnant waters in breeding season. The largest
catfsh ever caught weighed around 400 kilos and
measured over 5 metres in length. It can live up
to 80 years. Catfsh are nocturnal predators, with
a characteristic prey capture mecanism by suction
feeding, during which it emits a distinctive sound.
Catfsh bear a primary commercial value, due to
their fat rich meat and small bones.
Peti
108
tiuca se ntlnete ndeosebi n apele stttoare,
bogate n vegetaie. n apele curgtoare se gsete
n poriunile mai lente. Gura larg i permite s
nghit peti mari. Dinii sunt bine dezvoltai,
puternici i ascuii. Interesul comercial se
datoreaz boabelor de icre de dimensiuni mai
mari. Carnea este gustoas, dar cu oase mrunte.
Nu triete n crduri.
Din 2005, tiuca este protejat, existnd o
perioad de prohibiie n timpul reproducerii.
tiuca
Esox lucius
Pike
Esox lucius
Pike can be found especially in stagnant, densely
vegetated waters. It can also be found in slow-fowing
areas of running waters. Its broad mouth allows it
to swallow large fsh. Its teeth are well developed,
strong and sharp. Its main commercial value is due to
its large roe grains. Its meat is tasty but has numerous
tiny bones. It never forms shoals.
Pike has been under protection since 2005. Fishing is
prohibited during breeding season.
Fish
109
morunul este cea mai mare specie de ap dulce de
pe Terra. morunul este o specie de sturion, putnd
f considerat un veritabil dinozaur viu. n Romnia
au fost identifcate dou zone de hrnire n care
grupuri diferite vin s se alimenteze. morunii nu
au dini, dar pot s-i nghit prada. Longevitatea
maxim nregistrat a fost de 118 ani.
Pescuitul necontrolat a dus la periclitarea existenei
acestei specii. Acest lucru a determinat introducerea
unui ordin de conservare a sturionilor prin care se
interzice pescuirea morunilor pn n anul 2016.
morunul
Huso huso
beluga or European sturgeon
Huso huso
belugas are the largest freshwater species on Earth.
belugas are sturgeons and can be considered modern
day dinosaurs. Two food-sourcing areas have been
identifed in Romania where different groups come
to feed themselves. belugas have no teeth, but they
swallow their prey whole. The maximum recorded
longevity was 118 years.
Unregulated fshing lead to the species being critically
endangered. Consequently, a sturgeon conservation
order was enforced, which forbids beluga fshing
until 2016.
Peti
110
Nisetrul este o specie migratoare din Delta Dunrii,
din familia sturionilor. n ciuda frecvenei lor din
trecut, numrul lor s-a diminuat considerabil.
migrator asemenea morunului, nisetrul este
dezavantajat deoarece are scuturi osoase vizibile
cu care se poate aga n frele plaselor.
Longevitatea maxim nregistrat este de 33 ani.
Romnia desfoar un program de populare de
susinere a nisetrilor.
Nisetrul
Acipenser guldenstaedtii
Diamond/Danube sturgeon
Acipenser guldenstaedtii
Diamond sturgeons are migratory Danube Delta
fsh belonging to the sturgeon family. Despite their
past frequency, their populations have diminished
considerably. migratory like belugas, Diamond
sturgeons have the disadvantage of having rows of
large bony plates or shields, which can be easily
tangled in fshnets.
maximum recorded longevity is 33 years.
Romania is currently running a Diamond sturgeon
repopulation program.
Fish
111
Cel mai frumos dintre sturionii marini din Romnia
este pstruga. Ziua st la adncimi mari, iar
noaptea urc la suprafa pentru hran. Pstruga
nu se reproduce n fecare an.
Pstruga se ncrucieaz cu nisetrul, morunul,
viza i cega. hibrizii prezint aspecte comune ale
speciilor parentale.
Vrsta maxim a pstrugilor din marea Neagr
poate atinge 23 ani.
Pstruga
Acipenser stellatus
starry sturgeon
Acipenser stellatus
The most beautiful of Romanian sea sturgeons is the
starry sturgeon. It spends the day in deep waters
and climbs to the surface at night to feed. starry
sturgeons dont breed every year. They sometimes
crossbreed with Diamond sturgeons, belugas, Thorn
sturgeons and sterlet sturgeons. hybrids share
common features from both parents.
The maximum reported age for a black sea starry
sturgeon is 23 years.
Peti
112
Cel mai mic sturion din Romnia, cega, este
dependent de efemeride, insecte care triesc n
galeriile din funduri argiloase (zboar o singur
zi, se reproduc, oule sunt depuse n ap i la
sfritul zilei mor, iar petii din jur se hrnesc cu
cadavrele acestora).
morunul se reproduce n aceleai locuri i n
acelai timp cu cega, ceea ce determin uneori
ca icrele de femel de morun s fe fertilizate de
masculi de ceg.
n anii `80, s-a nregistrat un regres accentuat al
populaiilor de ceg, fapt pus pe seama polurii.
Dup anul 1989, odat cu reducerea industriilor
poluante, s-a observat o refacere treptat a
populaiilor de efemeride, n 2004 existnd
semnale c i populaia de ceg i revine.
Cega
Acipenser ruthenus
sterlet
Acipenser ruthenus
The smallest sturgeons in Romania, sterlets depend
on ephemeridae, insects that live in galleries on silt
bottoms (they fy for one single day, reproduce, lay
their eggs in the water and die by the end of the day;
fsh feed on their dead bodies).
belugas breed in the same season and places as
sterlets, which sometimes leads to beluga roe being
fertilized by sterlet males.
A signifcant sterlet population decrease was recorded
in the 1980s, a fact ascribed to pollution. After 1989,
once polluting industries were reduced, a gradual
rebuilding of ephemeridae populations was noticed,
so in 2004 signs of a recovering sterlet population
were also recorded.
Fish
113
se af pe Lista roie a Rezervaiei biosferei Delta
Dunrii pentru c se ntlnete doar n mod izolat,
de la Gura Portiei spre sud. n trecut, specia era
ntalnit frecvent de-a lungul ntregului litoral. n
multe ri n care nu este periclitat, carnea pisicii
de mare este consumat, iar din fcat se extrage
untura de pete, bogat n vitamina A i D.
Pisica de mare
Raja clavata
Thornback Ray
Raja clavata
Placed on the Danube Delta biosphere Reserve
Red List, it is found only occasionally, south of Gura
Portiei. Formerly, rays were frequently found along
the black sea coast. In many countries where they are
not endangered, ray meat is consumed and fsh oil rich
in vitamins A and D is extracted from their livers.
reptile i amfbieni
114
reptiles and amphibians
115
broasc rioas mic, de aproximativ 4-5 cm
lungime. Are corpul ndesat i aplatizat, iar ochii
sunt bombai, cu pupile n form de triunghi.
Cnd se simte ameninat, buhaiul se ntoarce cu
burta n sus pentru a se preface mort. Avei grij
cnd v ntlnii cu buhaiul de balt, pentru c
este cea mai otrvitoare specie de broasc de la
noi din ar!
buhaiul de balt
Bombina bombina
European
Fire-bellied Toad
Bombina bombina
The European Fire-bellied Toad is a small toad,
approximately 4-5 cm long. The body is depressed,
the eyes are set high and the pupils are triangle-
shaped. When threatened, European Fire-bellied
Toads lift their four legs so that the ventral part is
displayed, defending itself by playing dead. be careful
when you meet one, it is the most poisonous species
of toad found in Romania!
reptile i amfbieni
116
Este o estoas mic, ajungnd la maxim 30 cm. n caz de
pericol, i retrage cu totul capul i picioarele n carapace.
Este o specie relativ vulnerabil, ntlnit n zona de
step, pe pajiti, n pduri i n vii expuse soarelui.
broasca estoas de uscat intr ntr-un joc nupial
deosebit masculul urmrete femela, o muc uneori
de membrele posterioare, dup care urmeaz lovirea
repetat a carapacelor.
Broasca
estoas de uscat
Testudo graeca
spur-thighed
Tortoise
Testudo graeca
It is a small tortoise that can reach a maximum length of
30 cm. When the spur-thighed Tortoise feels threatened, it
withdraws its head and limbs into its shell for protection. It
is a relatively vulnerable species that can be found mainly in
the steppe regions, but also in sunny meadows, forests and
vineyards.
The spur-thighed Tortoise performs a very particular courtship
display the males follow the females, sometimes nipping
their limbs and repeatedly ramming their shells.
117
reptile i amfbieni
118
119
Activ ziua, triete n ape dulci, lin curgtoare sau stttoare.
Preferatele ei sunt lacurile mrginite de vegetaie abundent.
se adapteaz habitatelor nsorite, cu sol nisipos pe care i
depune oule.
broasca estoas de ap se sperie uor, retrgndu-se n ap
atunci cnd simte un potenial pericol. se hrnete n ap,
dar pe timp de zi st la soare, aproape de rm. n timpul
reproducerii, masculii devin teritoriali i agresivi. Degradarea
habitatelor naturale a afectat populaiile de broasc estoas,
din ce n ce mai rare i ameninate cu dispariia.
broasca estoas
de ap
Emys orbicularis
European Pond Turtle
Emys orbicularis
European Pond Turtles are more active during the day and they
typically live in small streams or standing freshwaters. They
prefer lakes with densely vegetated shores. They are perfectly
adapted to sunny habitats, with sandy soils where they can lay
their eggs.
The European Pond Turtle is very shy, withdrawing into the
water when it feels a potential danger. They usually feed in the
water, but during the day they like to lay in the sun, close to
the shore, mostly on fallen logs. During the mating period, the
males become territorial and aggressive. The European Pond
Turtle is now an endangered species, with population size being
severely affected by habitat loss or destruction.
reptile i amfbieni
120
Vipera de step se hrnete cu
mamifere mici i oprle pe care le
nghite de vii, fr venin. Prefer
traiul n stepe, pduri, stufriuri i
cmpii mltinoase. Iarna hiberneaz
n adposturi de roztoare, iar n
martie-aprilie revine la suprafa.
Vipera de step
Vipera ursinii
meadow Viper
Vipera ursinii
The meadow Viper mainly feeds on small
mammals and lizards, swallowing the prey
alive, without injecting venom. They show
a preference for steppe areas, forests,
reeds and marshy meadows. They spend
winter hibernating in rodent tunnels,
coming back to life in march-April.
121
reptile i amfbieni
122
Tritonul se poate ntlni rar n Delta Dunrii, n
apropierea apelor. Intr n lacuri sau bli pentru
reproducere, n lunile aprilie-mai. n timpul
mperecherii, masculul i schimb nfiarea,
modifcndu-i pigmentaia din regiunea cozii.
Triton dobrogean
Triturus dobrogicus
Danube Crested Newt
Triturus dobrogicus
The Danube Crester Newt can be found rarely in
Danube Delta, in the proximity of freshwaters. They
usually enter the standing waters or ponds for mating
in April-may. During the breeding period, the male
changes its appearance, having the pigmentation
around the tail modifed.
123
Este cel mai rapid i agresiv arpe din Romnia. Nu
este un arpe veninos, aa c muctura lui este
doar dureroas, fr s amenine viaa. se hrnete
cu oprle, roztoare i oareci. i place s se caere
pe stnci, copaci i arbuti. Este protejat prin lege,
find o specie vulnerabil.
arpele ru
Coluber caspius
Caspian Whipsnake
Coluber caspius
It is the fastest and most agressive snake in Romania.
Caspian Whipsnakes are not venomous and their
bite is only painful, without being life-threatening.
They mainly feed on lizards, rodents and mice. They
can easily climb rocks, trees and bushes. Caspian
Whipsnakes are protected under the law, as they are
a vulnerable species.
Molute i crustacee
124
La nivel european, numrul acestor scoici este n
continu scdere din cauza deteriorrii calitii apelor
i a fragmentrii habitatelor favorabile. Pradtorul
natural al scoicii de ru este vidra.
scoica mic de ru
Unio crassus
Thick shelled
River Mussel
Unio crassus
At the European level, the population of Thick shelled
River Mussel is decreasing because of water quality
degradation and habitat fragmentation. Its natural
predator is the European otter.
DANUbE DELTA - ThE ALMosT LosT PARADIsE!
mollusks and shellfsh
125
Triete n ape lin curgtoare, lacuri, iazuri i
canale. i construiete ascunztori n malurile sau n
vegetaia subacvatic. Este deopotriv activ ziua i
noaptea. Pentru c nu prea are preferine n legtur
cu hrana, este considerat un sanitar al blilor.
Asemeni altor specii de raci de la noi, este foarte
sensibil la poluarea chimic.
Racul
Astacus leptodactylus
Danube Crayfsh
Astacus leptodactylus
They live in small streams, lakes, ponds and canals. They
usually build hiding spots in the shore and the submerged
aquatic vegetation. Crayfsh are active both during the
night and day and feed on almost any type of food. For
this reason, they are considered water sanitarians.
Like other species of crayfsh from Romania, they are
highly sensitive to chemical pollution.
126
Insecte
Vduva neagr este un pianjen
uor de identifcat, avnd culoarea
neagr lucioas, cu pete roii,
contrastante. Vduva neagr nu
este o insect mortal. Totui, este
adevrat c dac sunt mucai de
acest pianjen, batrnii i cei care
sufer de probleme cu inima pot
avea complicaii. statisticile arat c
se nregistreaz un deces la 200 de
cazuri. La 2-3 ore de la muctur,
se extind durerile, de la locul mucat
spre ntreaga zon. Mai pot s apar
urmtoarele simptome: salivaie,
transpiraii, tahicardie, stare de
ameeal, amoreal i furnicturi.
Vduva neagr
Latrodectus tredecimgutattus
Mediterranean Black Widow
Latrodectus tredecimgutattus
The Mediterranean Black Widow can
be easily identifed by its brilliant black
colour and red spots. Its bite is not
deadly. However, it can be extremely
dangerous for old people and people
suffering from heart diseases. It is
estimated that the death rate is 1 in
200 people.
The pain usually appears 2-3 hours after
the bite and it extends from the injury
to the entire area. other symptoms
may include excessive salivation and
perspiration, tachycardia, numbness,
tingling and drowsiness.
DANUBE DELTA - THE ALMosT LosT PARADIsE!
127
Insects
Acest miriapod este o nevertebrat rar, ntlnit pe
insula Popina din Delta Dunrii. Are un comportament
reinut i un venin slab, inofensiv pentru om. Dei este
mai blnd, sub nicio form, nu este recomandat s
o manipulai! se hrnete cu gndaci, greieri, viermi
i lcuste, oprle i amfbieni, melci i psri mici.
Miriapodul gigant
Scolopendra cingulata
128
Insecte
FOTO
Mediterranean Banded Centepede
Scolopendra cingulata
This centepede is a rare species of invertebrates, that can
be found on the Popina Island in the Danube Delta. It is
generally shy and its venom is not that toxic, being harmless
for humans. Altough Mediterranean Banded Centepedes
are not that agressive, it is highly unrecommended to play
with it! They feed on bugs, crickets, worms, grasshopers,
lizards and amphibians, snails and small birds.
129
Insects
130
Insecte
131
Insects
Insula Popina din complexul lacustru Razelm-sinoe
este singurul loc din lume unde gsim cosaul Isophya
dobrogensis. Aceast lcust este considerat o specie
unic, endemic i este protejat prin lege.
Cosaul
Isophya dobrogensis
Romanian
Bush-cricket
Isophya dobrogensis
Popina Island from the Razelm-sinoe Lagoon Complex
is the only place in the world where the Romanian
Bush-cricket Isophya dobrogensis can be found. This
bush-cricket is a unique, endemic species protected
under the law.
132
Insecte
Este o specie pigmentat cu dungi successive de
galben i negru. seamna cu viespea, este confundat
cu aceasta i, prin urmare, este protejat de muli
prdtori. i ese pnza sferic i spiralat n amurg,
completnd-o cu dou benzi verticale al cror rol nu
este clar, dar care se presupune c ar contribui la
atragerea insectelor.
Pianjenul viespe
Argiope bruennichi
Wasp spider
Argiope bruennichi
It shows striking yellow and black markings on its
abdomen. It is very similar to the wasp, being often
mistaken for one, and therefore protected by many
predators. The spider builds a spiral orb web usually at
dusk, featuring a prominent zigzag shape of uncertain
function, though it may be to attract insects.
133
Insects
134
Insecte
Este o specie din familia clugrielor (praying mantis),
denumit astfel datorit poziiei de rugciune n
care i ine membrele din fa. se ntlnete mai des
n complexul lagunar Razim-sinoie.
Clugria pitic
Ameles heldreichi
Dwarf mantis
Ameles heldreichi
Its a species of praying mantis, named so because of
its prayer-like posture. It can be found frequently in
Razim-sinoie Complex Lagoon.
135
Insects
136
Insecte
Triete n pduri, n preajma rurilor i prurilor.
Femela depune ou grupate pe crengi de salcie, iar
larvele eclozeaz dup aproximativ 6 zile. Pupele se
formeaz fe pe crengi, fe sau sub frunze.
Fluturele purpuriu
imperial al lui Freyer
Apatura metis
Freyers
Purple Emperor
Apatura metis
Freyers Purple Emperors usually inhabit forests and are
often found nearby rivers and streams. The females lay
eggs in small batches on willow twigs and caterpillars
will grow quickly after approximately 6 days. They will
pupate suspended on twigs or under leaves.
137
Insects
138
Insecte
Prefer apropierea de pduri i de alte zone
nsorite, bogate n vegetaie. n timpul zilei,
futurii se gsesc pe sub frunze, odihnindu-se.
omizile se hrnesc cu plante: ppdie, ptlagin,
urzic moart, coada oricelului, mur, urzic vie,
vineele i cpuni.
Molia-tigru ptat-crem
Arctia villica
Cream-spot Tiger
Arctia villica
Cream-spot Tigers are often found nearby forests,
sunny areas abundant in vegetation. By day, these
moths can be found resting on leaves. Caterpillars
feed on a variety of herbaceous plants: dandelion,
plantains, deadnettles, yarrows, blackberries,
nettles, knapweeds and strawberries.
139
Insects
140
Insecte
141
Insects
Aceast specie de future iris prefer cmpiile
joase i mlatinile, pajitile umede, lacurile,
rurile i izvoarele. omizile se hrnesc cu mcri.
Reproducerea are loc de dou ori pe an.
Fluturele
de cupru mare
Thersamonia dispar
Large Copper
Thersamonia dispar
This species inhabits lower fatlands and marshes,
wetlands, lakes, rivers and streams, located especially
in peat-rich soils. Caterpillars mainly feed on sorrrel.
There are usually two broods in a year.
142
B.HABITATE
*1
|B.HABITATS|
1
Numrul din parantez indic Codul Natura 2000 al Sitului de Importan comunitar Delta Dunrii R O S C I 0065
(The number in paranthesis indicates Natura 2000 Code for Site of Community Importance Danube Delta R O S C I 0065
DANUBE DELTA - THE ALmosT LosT PARADIsE!
143
Adesea, bancurile din nisip conin i pietri sau
ml. Habitatele au forme rotunde, alungite sau
neregulate, n funcie de curenii de ap i de felul
n care sunt orientate n raport cu rmul (paralel,
perpendicular). Bancurile de nisip pot f lipsite de
vegetaie.
Bancuri de nisip acoperite permanent
de un strat mic de ap de mare (1110)
Sandbanks which are slightly covered
by sea water all the time (1110)
They consist mainly of sandy sediments, but mud
may also be present. Sandbanks are rounded,
elongated or may have irregular topographic
features, depending on water currrents and their
position (parallel, perpendicular) to the shore. The
vegetation may not be present.
DELTA DUNRII - PARADISUL APRoAPE PIERDUT!
144
Habitate
DANUBE DELTA - THE ALmoST LoST PARADISE!
145
Habitats
n acest habitat se stabilesc de specii care prefer
soluri bogate n sruri, mai ales Chenopodiaceae
din genurile Salicornia, Suaeda, Salsola, Bassia, pe
terenuri nisipoase i umede, adesea mlatinoase
i uneori inundate, n perioadele cu precipitaii
abundente. Se stabilete pe srturi maritime i
continentale.
Comuniti cu Salicornia i alte specii
anuale care colonizeaz regiunile
mltinoase i nisipoase (1310)
146
Habitate
Salicornia and other annuals colonizing
mud and sand (1310)
This habitat is composed predominantly of
species that prefer salt-rich soils, in particular
Chenopodiaceae of the genus Salicornia, Suaeda,
Salsola, Bassia, colonising on sandy soils and
wetlands, in periodically inundated muds and sands
of marine or interior salt marshes.
147
Habitats
Sunt grupri de pipirig de mare, cu aspect tufos, afate n mici depresiuni
n care se acumuleaz ap i materie organic, cu un coninut sczut spre
moderat de sruri solubile. Aici se instaleaz multe specii de plante care
prefer mediul srat.
Pajiti halofle mediteraneene
(Juncetalia maritimi) (1410)
mediterranean salt meadows
(Juncetalia maritimi) (1410)
This habitat is dominated by sea rushes, typically growing in coastal saltmarshes
and saline swamps. It is rich in annual plant species tolerant of saline soils.
148
Habitate
149
Habitats
Habitat de dune mobile medii i nalte n care se instaleaz
formaiuni vegetale costiere cu rol important n fxarea nisipurilor
marine. Vegetaia specifc este adaptat condiiilor aride ale
acestui habitat: expunere la soare, substrat uscat, coninut
sczut de humus i sruri nutritive. Habitatul este slab acoperit
de vegetaie, cu pn la 50-70%, drept pentru care uneori, ca
urmare a aciunii vnturilor, dunele se deplaseaz 10-20 m.
Dune mobile embrionare
(n formare) (2110)
Embryonic shifting dunes
(under formation) (2110)
Habitat de dune mobile medii i nalte n care se instaleaz
formaiuni vegetale costiere cu rol important n fxarea nisipurilor
marine. Vegetaia specifc este adaptat condiiilor aride ale
acestui habitat: expunere la soare, substrat uscat, coninut sczut
de humus i sruri nutritive. Habitatul este slab acoperit de
vegetaie, cu pn la 50-70%, drept pentru care uneori, ca urmare
a aciunii vnturilor, dunele se deplaseaz 10-20 m.
150
Habitate
151
Habitats
Dune fxate pe care se instaleaz specii erbacee perene, ndeosebi covoare de licheni i muchi.
Acest tip de habitat este populat de numeroase plante rare.
Dune fxate cu vegetaie
erbacee peren (dune gri) (2130*)
152
Habitate
Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous
vegetation (grey dunes) (2130*)
Fixed dunes, stabilised and colonised by more or less closed perennial grasslands and abundant
carpets of lichens and mosses. This type of habitat has a wide foristic range.
153
Habitats
Dune joase, fxate sau semifxate de exemplare
pitice de ctina alb i alte cteva specii care
prefer mediul nisipos. Ctina alb este planta
predominant, acoperind pn la 90-95% din
suprafaa substratului.
Dune cu Hippopha rhamnoides (2160)
Dunes with Hippopha rhamnoides (2160)
more-or-less stable sand dunes in which sea-
buckthorn is abundant, with a limited range of other
plant species tolerant of sandy soils. Sea-buckthorn
covers the substratum up to 90-95%.
154
Habitate
155
Habitats
156
Habitate
Sunt ntinderi de ape cu salinitate variabil,
delimitate parial sau total de mare printr-o
barier de nisip i nu au maree. Sunt populate
de numeroase specii de for i faun marin,
dar i de cteva specii care triesc n ape uor
srate i care se gsesc doar aici. n categoria
lagunelor costiere intr i bazinele srate care i
au originea n vechi lagune, chiar dac acum nu
mai comunic deloc cu marea.
Lagune costiere (1150*)
Coastal lagoons (1150*)
Lagoons are expanses of shallow coastal water, of
varying salinity, wholly or partially separated from
the sea by sand banks, without tide. They have a
wide range of species, both a marine and freshwater
fora and fauna, as well as endemic species tolerant
of moderately saline waters. This habitat also
includes delimited marine water bodies, originally
former lagoons, even though they have been cut off
from the sea.
157
Habitats
Habitatul este alctuit din pduri adaptate la un climat submediteranean, uscat i cald. Predomin
stejarul pufos, dar se gsesc i alte specii lemnoase i ierbacee.
Vegetaie forestier ponto-sarmatic
cu stejar pufos (91AA)
Eastern White oak Woods (91AA)
The habitat is dominated by forests adapted to dry and warm submediterranean climates, predominantly
by Eastern White oak woods (Quercus pubescens) and other hardwood species and herbaceous plants.
158
Habitate
159
Habitats
160
Habitate
Sunt ntinderi de ap de mic adncime (civa
centimetri), ferite de aciunea valurilor. Habitat
preferat de speciile iubitoare de lumin i cldur
i de petii afai n perioada de reproducere.
Formarea unui golf i mai apoi a unei lagune
dureaz mii de ani.
melele i golfuri (1160)
Large shallow inlets and bays (1160)
Large indentations of the coast where, in contrast
to estuaries, the infuence of freshwater is generally
limited. These shallow indentations are generally
sheltered from wave action.
It is a favourable habitat for species adapted to sunny
and warm areas, as well as for fsh during breeding.
It takes thousands of years for a shallow inlet or a
bay to be formed.
161
Habitats
Sunt lacuri izolate, cu ape curate, ncadrate de
stufriuri i vegetaie nsoitoare. Primvara i
toamna, cnd Delta este alimentat de Dunre cu
o cantitate mare de azot i fosfor, pe lacuri are loc
o explozie de alge i vegetaie, fenomen cunoscut
sub numele de eutrofzare i supranumit de ctre
localnici nforirea apei.
Lacuri distrofce i iazuri (3160)
162
Habitate
Natural dystrophic lakes
and ponds (3160)
Characteristic of standing clean bodies of water
(lakes, puddles, ponds, isolated waterways),
bordered by reedbed and vegetation. During spring
and autumn, when Danube Delta receives a great
amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, the lakes are
abundantly covered by algae and vegetation, a
phenomenon scientifcally known as eutrophication,
nicknamed water blooming by local people.
163
Habitats
Este o rmi a habitatului care acoperea
odat toat Dobrogea i Ucraina. Este populat
de plante cu talie joas, din alianele: Festucion
valesiacae, Stipion lessingianae, Agropyro-
Kochion i Pimpinello-Thymion zygioidi. Aici
triesc numeroase mamifere mici, cum ar f
popndul.
Stepe ponto-sarmatice (62C0*)
Pannonic sand steppes (6260*)
Its a remnant of the habitat that used to cover all
the Dobrogea area and Ukraine. It is populated by
small sized plants of alliances such as Festucion
valesiacae, Stipion lessingianae, Agropyro-Kochion
i Pimpinello-Thymion zygioidi. Here live various
species of small mammals, like the European Ground
Squirrel.
164
Habitate
165
Habitats
Acest habitat include vegetaia de pe nisipurile
continentale din vestul Romniei, dar i grupri
similare ntlnite n Delta Dunrii. Se stabilete pe
terenuri ntinse, cu substrat nisipos i uscat.
Pajiti panonice i vest-pontice
pe nisipuri (6260*)
166
Habitate
Pannonic sand steppes (6260*)
Pannonic sand steppes include the vegetation
located in western continental Romania, but also
similar communities in the Danube Delta. The
habitat communities usually occur in fatlands, in a
dry climate, on sands.
167
Habitats
Sunt rspndite n luncile rurilor mari, cu maluri
naturale. Pdurile ripariene, cu stejar de lunc
i amestec de frasin, sunt adaptate la inundaii
frecvente. n prezent habitatul se ntlnete
foarte rar i fragmentar din cauza tranformrii
luncilor n terenuri agricole i a nlocuirii
pdurilor native cu monoculturi de plopi hibrizi.
Pduri ripariene mixte cu Quercus
robur, Ulmus laevis, Fraxinus excelsior
sau Fraxinus angustifolia, din lungul
marilor ruri (Ulmenion minoris) (91F0)
168
Habitate
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur,
Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus
excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along
the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris) (91F0)
This habitat typically occurs in the meadows of great
rivers. Riparian forests, with oak and ash trees are
liable to fooding during regular rising of water level.
It became rare and fragmented due to the
transformation of meadows in agricultural land
and the replacement of natural native forests with
monocultures of hybrid poplars.
169
Habitats
170
C.PEIsAJE
sPECIFICE
|C.LANDSCAPES|
171
172
Peisaje specifce
n Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii exist 20
de zone (reprezentnd 9% din teritoriu), care se
af sub regim de protecie integral deoarece n
aceste spaii triesc n condiii naturale specii de
plante i animale rare, afate pe cale de dispariie.
n acest fel se asigur conservarea habitatelor
specifce de care depind numeroase specii.
n aceste spaii sunt interzise activitile
economice, intrarea find permis doar pentru
pentru cercetarea i monitorizarea ariei.
ngrdirea accesului n aceste spaii reprezinta
un mod sigur prin care se previne distrugerea
habitatelor i a speciilor gzduite.
In Danube Delta Biosphere there are 20 strictly
forbidden areas (representing around 9 % of its
territory). The reason for which these areas are
under strict protection is that here numerous rare
endangered species are living in natural conditions.
In this way the conservation of needed habitats is
secured.

Economic activity is forbidden inside these areas,
and access is only granted for research and
supervision purposes. Acces denial is the most
effcient way to prevent damaging the environment
and disturbing plant and animal species.
The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve contains over
400 lakes of various sizes, broad expanses of reed,
Zone strict protejate
n Delta Dunarii
strictly protected
areas in the
Danube Delta
173
Landscapes
Rezervaia Biosferei Delta Dunrii cuprinde
peste 400 de lacuri, zone ntinse i compacte
cu stuf, pduri de stejar i frasin, dune de nisip
i plaje n care mai mult de 5.000 de specii de
plante i animale gsesc condiii potrivite pentru
supravieuire. De asemenea, n acest spaiu
triesc numeroase specii rare sau care lipsesc
cu totul din alte zone ale continentului, unde
odinioar se gseau habitate favorabile. Tocmai
pentru c aceste specii rare au gsit n anumite
teritorii ale Deltei un loc prielnic, acestea au
primit un regim de protecie special.
Una dintre principalele bogii ale Rezervaiei
este reprezentat de psrile care fe se hrnesc,
cuibresc i i cresc puii n Delt, fe doar
staioneaz pe acest teritoriu n timpul migraiei.
Aproximativ 320 de specii de psri pot f
remarcate n Delt, dintre care 200 sunt protejate
prin reglementri naionale i internaionale.
oak and ash tree forests, sand dunes and sea shore
beaches that constitute optimal habitats for over
5,000 plant and animal species. moreover, the
Reserve is remarkable by its large populations of
several species that nowadays are rare or have
completely disappeared from other areas on the
continent, where they once found favourable
habitats. many of these rare species are especially
found in certain areas of the Delta and that is
precisely why those areas have been placed under
strict protection rules.
one of the most valuable treasures of the Reserve
fauna are the birds which are either feeding,
nesting and breeding in Danube Delta or they are
just making a stopover within its borders during
their migration period. 320 bird species can be
found in the Delta, among which 200 are protected
on a national and international level.
174
Peisaje specifce
Rezervaia Biosferei
Delta Dunrii n cifre:
peste 1800 de specii de plante se gsesc n Rezevaie (aproape o treime din numrul de
specii de plante care triesc n Romnia)
3.400 de specii de animale triesc pe teritoriul Rezervaiei
Cele mai multe specii de plante medicinale (195)
Cele mai mari suprafee compacte acoperite cu stuf de pe glob (~180.000 ha)
2 pduri unice n Europa, formate din stejari seculari
i liane mediteraneene (Pdurile Letea i Caraorman)
37 dintre acestea au fost gsite n Delta Dunrii pentru prima oar n lume: o specie de
vierme, 5 specii de paianjeni, 30 specii insecte i o specie de pete.
The Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve in numbers:
over 1,800 plant species (almost one third of plant species in Romania)
3,400 animal species have been identifed by researchers
Largest number of medicinal plants (195)
Largest compact reed beds on the planet (approximately 180,000 hectares)
Two forests that are unique in Europe, made of centennial oaks
and mediterranean lianas (Letea and Caraorman)
37 species were frst identifed here: a worm species, 5 spiders, 30 insects and one fsh species.
175
Landscapes
sunt zonele din jurul ariilor strict protejate n care
sunt permise activitile tradiionale locuitorilor
Deltei: pescuitul, punatul, cultivarea agricol
n anumite limite, recoltarea stufului, practicarea
turismului, sub monitorizare strict). Aproximativ
38,5 % din teritoriul Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta
Dunrii (223.300 ha) este alctuit din zone
tampon.
Zone tampon n Delta Dunrii
Includ aezri umane, zone dedicate pisciculturii,
agriculturii i silviculturii. n aceste zone sunt
permise activitile economice n condiiile n care
ele nu afecteaz echilibrul natural al Rezervaiei.
Zone economice
Buffer areas in the Danube Delta
Areas that surround strictly protected areas
and allow for local traditional activities (fshing,
harvesting reed, grazing, agriculture on restricted
plots and strictly monitored tourism). Around 38,5
% of the territory (223,000 hectares) is made up of
buffer areas.
Economic areas
They include human dwellings, areas designed
for fsh breeding, agriculture and silviculture. Any
activity that does not interfere with the natural,
ecological balance of the Reserve is permitted
within these areas.
176
Peisaje specifce
sunt zone economice amenajate pentru
agricultur, piscicultur sau silvicultur care
nu au mai fost rentabile i, prin urmare, aici se
desfoar activiti de refacere a echilibrului
natural i de renaturare a zonei afectate. Pn n
prezent au fost acoperite 11.425 ha cea mai
mare suprafa de reconstrucie ecologic din
ntreaga Europ. Aceste zone ndeplinesc din nou
funciile de refugiu, hrnire i reproducere pentru
fauna Deltei Dunrii.
Zone de reconstrucie ecologic
Ecological reconstruction areas
Economical areas formerly designed for agriculture,
pisciculture or silviculture which became
inappropriate and were consequently listed as areas
to be integrated back into the natural environment.
In total, 11,425 hectares have been ecologically
restored, the largest ecological reconstruction
surface in Europe. These areas can bring back
refuge, feeding and breeding ground for the Danube
Delta fauna.
177
Landscapes
ZoNELE sTRICT PRoTEjATE
Zona se af n partea de nord a Deltei (n jurul
lacului matita, ntre grindurile Letea i Chilia) i
este format dintr-un complex de lacuri i bli
ce includ o mare diversitate de biotopi (conform
DEX, biotop: mediu geografc n care triesc un
grup de plante i animale n condiii omogene)
specifci deltei fuviale, cum ar f: plauri plutitori
i fxai, lacuri, grinduri fuviale, grle naturale,
terenuri inundabile, zvoaie de slcii, mlatini
stufcole etc.
Aceasta zon a primit pentru prima dat un
regim de protecie special n anul 1940, cnd a
fost declarat Rezervaie Natural, iar ncepnd
cu 1979 a fost declarat Rezervaie a Biosferei,
alturi de Pdurea Letea. A fost declarat zon
strict protejat deoarece aici cuibrete cea mai
mare colonie de pelican comun din Europa 3.500
de perechi. Tot aici se gsesc i alte psri rare,
cum ar f egreta mare, egreta mic, strcul de
noapte, cormoranul i loptarul. Zona adpostete
i mamifere, precum: vidra, nurca, hermelina,
cinele enot, vulpea i mistreul. Lacurile i
blile abund n specii de nufr alb, nufr galben
i piciorul cocoului.
Roca-Buhaiova
178
Peisaje specifce
sTRICTLy PRoTECTED AREAs
Roca-Buhaiova
The area is in the Northern part of the Delta (it
stretches between Letea and Chilia levees, around
Lake matia) and is formed by a string of lakes and
ponds which include a great variety of biotopes
(oxford online dictionary - the region of a habitat
associated with a particular ecological community)
characteristic for river deltas, such as: fxed or
foating islets, lakes, river levees, natural creeks,
foodlands, willow groves, reed marshes etc.
This area was granted a special protection status ever
since 1940, when it was declared Natural Reserve,
and it was declared Biosphere Reserve in 1979,
along with Letea forest. It was declared a strictly
protected area because it is the nesting ground
for the largest common pelican colony in Europe
3,500 pairs. other rare birds can also be found here,
such as the Great Egret, Little Egret, Black-crowned
Night-heron, Cormorant and Eurasian spoonbill. The
area also shelters mammals such as the otter, mink,
Ermine, Racoon Dog, Fox and Wild Boar. Lakes and
ponds abund in species such as the White Lotus,
yellow Waterlilly and Corn buttercup.
179
Landscapes
Pdurea Letea (2825 ha) se af n nordul Deltei,
la est de comuna C.A. Rosetti. Doar o parte din
pdure este ncadrat ca zon strict protejat
pentru ocrotire, ncepnd cu anul 1930, iar n
1938 a primit titlul de Rezervaie Natural.
Pdurea este alctuit din stejar de lunc, stejar
brumariu, plop alb, frasin de lunc i tei alb.
De asemenea, adpostete numeroase plante
crtoare: vi slbatic, hamei, curpenul de
pdure i liana greceasc, planta care d pdurii
un aspect subtropical. Aici au fost identifcate
peste 2.000 de specii de insecte, vipera de nisip,
vulturul codalb, trei specii de oim, corbul i multe
alte psri.
Aceste specii de plante i animale, rare ii
deosebite, genereaz nevoie unei atenii i griji
sporite pentru conservarea Pdurii Letea i a
bogiilor pe care le gzduiete.
Pdurea Letea
180
Peisaje specifce
Letea Forest
Letea Forest (2,825 ha) is situated in the Northern
part of the Delta, east of C.A. Rosetti. only a
section of the forest has been classifed as a strictly
protected area for preservation, since 1930. In 1938
it was granted the title of Natural Reserve.
The forest consists of English oak, Pendunculate oak,
White poplar, European ash, silver linden. It also
shelters several crawling plants: Porcelain Berry,
hop, old mans beard, silk vine the latter giving
the forest a mediterranean look. over 2,000 insect
species, the meadow viper, the Bald eagle, three
falcon species, the Common raven and many other
birds have also been identifed here.
All these rare and special plant and animal species
need proper attention and care in order to protect
the Letea forest and the riches it shelters.
181
Landscapes
Lacul Nebunu face parte din complexul de
lacuri ontea-Fortuna. A fost pus sub regim de
protecie pentru c este un spaiu potrivit pentru
reproducerea speciilor de peti caracteristici
lacurilor de mic ntindere, cu adncime redus.
La acestea se adaug condiiile bune de cuibrit
pentru diferite specii de rae i alte psri de ap,
de-a lungul lunilor de var.
Lacul Nebunu
182
Peisaje specifce
Lake Nebunu
Lake Nebunu belongs to the ontea-Fortuna lake
group. It was granted protection status because it
is the predilect breeding ground for fsh species
characteristic to broad and shallow lakes. Also, during
summer months, it offers great nesting conditions to
various wild ducks and other waterfowl species.
183
Landscapes
se af n centrul grindului Caraorman, n partea
sudic a Braului sulina. n interiorul zonei
protejate se af cele mai dezvoltate dune de nisip
care ating pn la 7-9 m. Pdurea este format
din stejari (de peste 30 m nlime), frasini i
plopi printre care se gsesc tufe i vegetaie
agtoare, cum ar f: via de vie slbatic, iedera,
hameiul i curpenul. Pdurea gzduiete cel mai
impuntor stejar din Delta Dunrii, de 400 de
ani i cu o circumferina de 4 m, stejar numit
stejarul ngenunchiat datorit ramifcaiilor ce
ating pmntul.
n Pdurea Caraorman au fost observate cuiburi de
vultur codalb. spre deosebire de Pdurea Letea,
aici nu se ntlnete liana greceasc i nici vipera
de step.
Pdurea a fost declarat n anul 1940 monument
al Naturii.
Pdurea Caraorman
Caraorman Forest
situated in the centre of the Caraorman levee, in the
southern end of the sulina Branch. The protected
area includes the most developed sand dunes,
reaching up to 7-9 metres in height. In 1940 it was
declared a natural monument. It comprises oaks
(over 30m high), ash trees and poplars among which
can be found shrubs and crawling vegetation such
as the Grape Ivy, Common Ivy, hop and old mans
beard. The largest oak tree in the Danube Delta
can be found here its 400 years old and 4 metres
across, and its known as the Kneeling oak, because
some of its branches reach down to the ground.
several Bald eagle nests have been spotted in the
Caraorman forest. Unlike in the Letea forest, no silk
vines or meadow vipers can be found here.
Caraorman forest has been declared a protected
area of national interest since 1940.
184
Peisaje specifce
Lacul sraturi-murighiol este situat ntre localitile
murighiol i Plopu.
Apele lacului srturi-murighiol sunt puternic
salinizate, de tip cloruro-sulfatic, find caracterizate
prin marea diversitate a zooplanctonului (conform
DEX, zooplancton: totalitatea organismelor vegetale
i animale, n general microscopice, care triesc n
ap pn la o adncime de 200 m i care constituie
hrana petilor i a altor animale acvatice).
Lacul are o mare importan pentru psri, aici
cuibrind specii valoroase: pescru, chir de balt,
piciorong, ra cu ciuf i prundra de srtur.
srturi-murighiol
Lake srturi-murighiol
Lake srturi-murighiol lies between murighiol
and Plopu.
srturi-murighiol waters are strongly salted
with chlorine-sulphate compounds, and contain
a great variety of zooplankton (the totality of
animal and vegetal living organisms, generally
microscopic, which live under water down to
200m deep and constitute food for fsh and other
aquatic animals.
The lake is greatly important for birds - many
valuable species use it as their nesting place:
the Gull, Common tern, Black-winged stilt, Red-
crested pochard and Kentish plover.
185
Landscapes
186
Peisaje specifce
Este situat de o parte i de alta a canalului de acces
n Lacul Erenciuc. Este singura zon forestier din
Delt n care arinul negru se dezvolt compact,
fr ntreruperi. n Ariniul Erenciuc cuibrete
vulturul codalb, specie strict protejat.
Ariniul Erenciuc
Erenciuc Alder Grove
The Erenciuc area includes the alder grove situated
on either side of the access canal of Lake Erenciuc
and is the only place in the Danube Delta where the
black alder grows compactly, without gaps. The Bald
eagle, a strictly protected species, is nesting in the
Erenciuc Alder Grove.
187
Landscapes
Const n complexul de lacuri, grle i grinduri
din sudul Deltei. Este format din grinduri marine
tinere, nisipoase i lacuri puin adnci sau izolate.
n acest spaiu migreaz aproximativ 100 specii de
psri, iar 30 dintre ele i cuibresc. Lacul Lejai,
parte din complexul sacalin Zatoane gzduiete
colonii de pelicani crei (Pelecanus crispus) i
comuni (Pelecanus onocrotalus).
sacalin Ztoane
188
Peisaje specifce
sacalinZtoane
The area includes a series of lakes, brooks and
levees situated in the southern part of the Delta.
It consists of young, sandy maritime levees,
alternating with shallow or isolated lakes.
During the spring/winter migration, approximately
100 bird species can be found here, 14 of which
are also nesting. Lake Lejai , part of the sacalin
Ztoane complex, is preferred by the Dalmatian
pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) and the Common
pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus).
189
Landscapes
Este situat ntre lacurile Razim i sinoe. Aici s-a
dezvoltat o vegetaie adaptat solurilor nisipoase,
iar zona prezint importan pentru reproducerea
petilor (crap, alu, pltic) i pentru iernarea
psrilor. n plus, bursucul i acalul auriu,
mamifere rare, se stabilesc aici pe timp de iarn.
Grindul Lupilor
190
Peisaje specifce
Lupilor Levee (Grindul Lupilor)
The levee is situated between Razim and sinoe and
features typical sandy soil vegetation. The area is
important for fsh breeding (carp, zander, bream)
and for bird hibernation. Also, several very rare
mammals, such as the badger and the jackal make a
Winter stopover here.
191
Landscapes
Este poziionat n sudul Rezervaiei, find format
dintr-un mozaic de lacuri mici, dar foarte
importante pentru migraia i iernatul psrilor.
Cuprinde vegetaie specifc zonelor litorale, n
care triesc bine oprla de nispuri i acalul, o
prezen din ce n ce mai rar.
Grindul Chituc
Chituc Levee (Grindul Chituc)
Found in the southern end of the Reserve, the
levee is made of a mosaic of small lakes, but very
important for bird migration and hibernation. It
features typical coastal area vegetation and offers
proper living conditions for the sand lizard the jackal
- an ever more rare presence.
192
Peisaje specifce
193
Landscapes
Lacul Rotundu este un lac de lunc din complexul
lacustru somova-Parche. Este ultima zon de
acest fel care nu a fost afectat de indiguiri.
Prezint interes deosebit pentru studiul i
conservarea biocenozelor (biocenoza este
asociaia biologic de plante care se af ntr-un
echilibru dinamic dependent de mediu) adaptate
la amplitudini mai mari ale undei de viitur. Este
i o zon important pentru reproducerea unor
specii de peti (ndeosebi pentru pltic).
Lacul Rotundu
Lake Rotundu
Lake Rotundu is a foodland lake belonging to the
somova-Parche lake complex. It is the last of its
kind, still unaffected by damming.
It is of great interest for the study and preservation
of biocenoses (biological associations of plants living
in an environment-dependent dynamic equilibrium)
which are adapted to greater water movements. It
is also an important breeding ground for several fsh
species (especially bream).
194
Peisaje specifce
195
Landscapes
Zona cuprinde lacul Potcoava i aria dintre lacurile
Babinii mari, Babinii mici i Potcoav. Este locul
preferat pentru rae, liie, crstei, corcodei i
pentru colonii mixte de strci, ignui, egrete i
cormorani mici. Zona reprezint un important loc
de refugiu pentru mamifere precum vidra, nurca,
hermelina i mistreul.
n Lacul Potcoava se gsesc dou specii periclitate
de peti: caracud i lin.
Lacul Potcoava
Lake Potcoava
The area consists of Lake Potcoava and the space
between lakes Babinii mari, Babinii mici and
Potcoava. It is the predilect nesting ground for
several aquatic species (ducks, rails, crakes,
grebes), as well as for mised colonies of strci,
ignui, egrete and cormorani mici. An isolated
area, it is the perfect refuge for mammals such as
the otter, mink, ermeline and wild boar.
Lake Potcoava is the host for two endangered fsh
species: Crucian carp and Tench.
196
Peisaje specifce
Zona se af n complexul de lacuri Rou-Puiu
i a fost inclus pe lista zonelor strict protejate
pentru diversitatea formelor de relief: grinduri,
depresiuni, formaiuni de plauri plutitori sau
fxai i lacuri n care triesc specii remarcabile de
plante i animale.
Zona reprezint o oaz de linite pentru coloniile
de strc pitic i cormoran mic i un important loc
pentru reproducerea mai multor specii de peti,
cum ar f caracuda i linul.
Vtafu-Lungule
Vtafu-Lungule
The area is situated in the Rou-Puiu lake
complex and was listed as a strictly protected
area in praise of the diversity of its relief: levees,
depressions, fxed or foating islets and lakes
sheltering outstanding plant and animal species.
The area is a silent oasis for colonies of Little
Bittern and Little Cormorant and an important
breeding ground for several fsh species, such as
Crucian carp and Tench.
197
Landscapes
se ntinde ntr-o zon de protecie integral,
localizat n partea de sud-est a pdurii Letea.
Cuprinde lacuri cu ap dulce, nconjurate de grinduri
marine cu soluri srace, mobile sau slab fxate.
Ghiolurile Rducu i Rducule gzduiesc numeroase
specii de peti: crap, somn, alu, pltica, tiuc,
biban, lin etc.
Lacul Rducu
Lake Rducu
situated in a fully protected area, south-East
of Letea forest. It consists of freshwater lakes,
surrounded by marine levees with poor, mobile
or poorly-fxed soil.
Lakes Rducu and Rducule are important
breeding and feeding grounds for several fsh
species: carp, catfsh, zander, bream, pike,
perch, tench etc.
198
Peisaje specifce
se af la nord de lacul sinoe, aproape de Grindul
Lupilor. Insula Ceaplace se numr printre cele
trei locuri din Romnia care adpostesc colonii de
pelicani crei.
Insula Ceaplace
Ceaplace Island
It is located in the northern part of sinoe Lake, near
the Lupilor Levee (Grindul Lupilor). Ceaplace Island
is one of the three sites in Romania where Dalmatian
Pelicans can be found.
199
Landscapes
sunt localizate n sud-vestul lacului sinoe. Este
o rezervaie tiinifc ce adpostete o colonie
mixt de psri, cu loptari, pelicani comun,
pelicani crei i alte psri care depind de ap i a
cror supravieuire este ameninat.
Insulele Prundu cu Psri
Prundu cu Psri Islands
The islands are located in the south-western part
of sinoe Lake. The area is designated a scientifc
reserve hosting a mixed colony of birds, including
spoonbills, Great White Pelicans, Dalmatian Pelicans
and other water-dependent species to the brink of
extinction.
200
Peisaje specifce
Insula Popina reprezint un important loc de
popas pentru psrile migratoare i de cuibrit
pentru clifarul alb.
Dintre nevertebrate se remarc rariti ca
pianjenul veninos vduva neagr (Lactrodectus
tredecimguttatus) i miriapodul gigant
(scolopendra cingulata).
Insula Popina
Popina Island
Popina Island is an important standing area for
migratory birds and breeding area for Common
shelduck.
here live very rare insects, like the venomous
spider mediterranean Black Widow (Lactrodectus
tredecimguttatus) and mediterranean Banded
Centepede (scolopendra cingulata).
201
Landscapes
Pentru c este un lac izolat i adnc (aproximativ
7 m), mai multe specii de peti pe cale de
dispariie triesc i se reproduc aici: caracuda,
linul, vduvia.
Zona este vital i pentru mai multe specii de
psri, cum ar f strci, egrete i rae. n plus, aici
au fost semnalate cuiburi de cocor (Grus grus),
specie ameninat cu dispariie.
Belciug
Belciug
Because its a deep and remote lake, in Belciug a
number of endangered fsh species fnd a proper
breeding area: Crucian Carp, Tench, Ide.
Beside the numerous herons, egrets and ducks,
here there were found Common Crane nests, an
endangered species.
202
Peisaje specifce
n aceast zon s-au dezvoltat formaiuni de plante
adaptate la nisipurile uscate ale grindurilor, pe
cele inundate de apele mrii, ale lacului Razim i
formaiuni adaptate la variaii mari ale salinitii.
De asemenea, este refugiul preferat n timpul
migraiei diurne pentru populaia de gsc cu gt
rou (Branta rufcollis).
Periteaca-Leahova
Periteaca-Leahova
This area is covered by plants adapted to dry levee
sands and to large salinity variations. moreover, is
an important refuge area for Red-breasted Goose
daytime migration (Branta rufcollis).
203
Landscapes
Zona este important pentru conservarea
vegetaiei adaptate mediilor uscate, pentru
cuibritul drepnelei negre (Apus apus), a
pietrarului negru (oenanthe pleschanka), precum
i pentru protecia dihorului ptat (Vormela
peregusna), a arpelui ru (Coluber jugularis) i a
arpelui de ap (Natrix tesselata).
Capul Doloman
Capul Doloman
Its an important area for the preservation of
vegetation adapted to dry environments, for
Common swift and Pied Wheatear breeding, as well
as for the marbled polecat, Large Whip snake and
Dice snake protection.
204
Peisaje specifce
spaiu prielnic pentru o mare varietate de
psri, precum clifarul alb (Tadorna tadorna),
diferite rae, gte i cele limicole, care prefer
apropierea de ml.
Aici se gsete i estoasa de uscat (Testudo
graeca), arpele ru (Coluber jugularis) i arpele
de ap (Natrix tesselata).
Zona se remarc i prin importana arheologic
deoarece aici nc se mai pstreaz vestigii ale
vechilor civilizaii.
Istria-sinoie Istria-sinoie
Its a favourable area for a large number of bird
species, like Common shelduck, different ducks,
gooses and waders.
here lives spur-thighed Tortoises (Testudo graeca),
Large Whip snakes (Coluber jugularis) and Dice
snakes (Natrix tesselata).
The area is important also for archeology because
here are preserved remains of ancient civilizations.
205
Landscapes
Complex Fortuna
206
Peisaje specifce
207
Landscapes
Enisala - Razim
208
Peisaje specifce
209
Landscapes
Grindul Chituc
210
Peisaje specifce
Insula Popina
211
Landscapes
holbina
212
Peisaje specifce
Plaja sulina
213
Landscapes
sulina
214
Peisaje specifce
Razelm-sinoie
215
Landscapes
216
D.TRADITII, oBICEIURI,
ARHITECTURA sPECIFICA
|D.CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS
AND RURAL ARCHITECTURE|
DANUBE DELTA - THE ALmosT LosT PARADIsE!
217
ndeletnicirile tradiionale ale localnicilor, n
armonie cu natura, sunt pescuitul, agricultura,
creterea animalelor, valorifcarea stufului i
agroturismul. Ocupaia de baz i, totodat, cea
mai veche, rmne pescuitul.
Pe teritoriul Deltei se regsesc numeroase etnii,
printre care cei mai bine reprezentai sunt
lipovenii, ucrainienii, turcii i ttarii.
The local population is generally engaged in
traditional sustainable occupations like fshing,
agriculture, animal rearing, utilization of reed
and rural turism. Fishing is the predominant and
oldest occupation.
There are various ethnic minorities living in the
delta, the most representative of which are the
Lipovans, Ukrainians, Turks and Tatars.
Oamenii din
Delta Dunrii
Inhabitants of the
Danube Delta
DELTA DUNRII - PARADIsUL APROAPE PIERDUT!
218
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
DANUbE DELTA - ThE ALmOsT LOsT PARADIsE!
219
Customs, traditions
PORTURI TRADIIONALE
nc mai este purtat de srbtori, la biseric, n
special de femei. Costumul presupune un batic
foral, o bluz simpl, o fust foral i uneori un
pois, adic un cordon brodat cu alb i/sau roz cu
un ciucure la capt care atrn peste fust, avnd
rolul de a proteja de cele rele. Femeile mritate
poart n cap i o chicic. barbaii au pantaloni
lungi, o cma i pois.
Portul lipovenesc
They preserved the traditional costume for
celebrations and church, especially the women.
The clothing includes a foral head scarf, a simple
blouse, a foral skirt and sometimes a pois, which
is a belt with white and/or pink embroideries and
a tassel attached to one end hanging over the
skirt, used for protection against evil forces. The
head of married women must be covered with a
chicika (a head scarf). men wear long trousers and
a pois (a belt).
Lipovan Folk
Costumes
220
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
TRADITIONAL GARmENTs
Presupune sarafan, coroni i batist. Culorile
pot varia de la un loc la altul.
Portul
rusesc-lipovenesc
The costume includes a sarafan (a traditional
Russian long trapeze-shaped dress), a coronet and
a handkerchief. The colours may vary from one
place to another.
Russo-Lipovan
Folk Costumes
221
Customs, traditions
Turismul reprezint o surs de venituri relativ
recent, dezvoltat dup cderea comunismului.
Ecoturismul reprezint acea form de turism
potrivit pentru bunstarea comunitilor din
Delt, prin care se pun n valoare, pe termen lung,
resursele zonei speciale n care triesc.
Este tiut faptul c turismul are un impact pozitiv
asupra economiei i ntregii comuniti, nu
numai asupra celor direct implicai, prin taxele
i impozitele care se colecteaz, dar i prin
implicarea altor domenii conexe, precum industria
construciilor, textil, farmaceutic i alimentar.
Ecoturismul reprezint un alt mod de a privi
explorarea unui teritoriu de ctre turiti.
Ecoturismul i propune s ofere experiene i
amintiri deosebite oamenilor, innd cont de
nevoia de conservare a naturii.
Ecoturismul presupune investirea unei pri din
venituri n activiti de conservare a naturii.
Ecoturismul are un caracter educativ, ntruct
turistul vine s neleag locul respectiv, nu doar
s-i admire frumuseea.
Ecoturismul atrage turiti bucuroi s interacioneze
cu natura i cu oamenii locului, sensibili la
preparatele i tradiiile locale. Practic, turitii
sunt extrem de interesai de tot felul de aspecte
pe care oamenii locului le pot considera banale
sau de la sine nelese. Turitii sunt ncntai s
neleag modul n care localnicii triesc, n ce fel
de case, din ce fel de materiale sunt construite, ce
legume cultiv, cum gtesc petele, ce se mnnc
iarna, cum se pescuiete, ce fel de brci au i cum
funcioneaz, ce obiceiuri locale exist .a.m.d.
marele avantaj al oamenilor din Delta este tocmai
faptul c triesc i cunosc acest spaiu unic i mult
apreciat n ntreaga lume i c pot oferi turitilor
experiene de neuitat.
Turitii caut autenticul n peisaje i n
arhitectura tradiional. Nou, tuturor,
ne revine responsabilitatea de a pstra
frumuseea comunitii.
Turism / Ecoturism
222
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
Tourism is a relatively new source of income in
the Danube Delta, developed after the fall of
communism. Ecotourism is a form of tourism that
improves the well-being of the local communities,
while promoting the specifc natural resources of
the area they inhabit.
Tourism has a positive impact on local economy
and the entire community, not only on the people
directly involved, by the collection of taxes
and fees, but also by involving other related
commercial activities like building, textile,
pharmaceutical and food industries.
Ecotourism is a new approach to travelling.
Ecotourism provides travelers with special
experiences and memories, while ensuring the
conservation of the natural environment.
Ecotourism involves investing a part of the
generated income in ecological conservation.
Ecotourism also has an educative role, as it helps
tourists to understand the place they visit, besides
admiring its beauty.
Ecotourism attracts people that are generally
happy to interact with nature and the local
population, willing to discover and enjoy their
specifc foods and traditions. Tourists are usually
interested in all sort of aspects of the local way
of living, which the locals may fnd uninteresting
or take for granted. Tourists are thrilled to
understand the way people live in this area, what
their houses look like, what materials they used
to built them, what vegetables they grow, how
they cook their fsh, what they eat in winter, their
fshing techniques, what type of boats fshermen
use and how do they function, local customs,
etcetera.
The local people have the great advantage of being
the residents and best connoisseurs of this unique
and well-renowned place, that enables them to
offer travelers unforgetable experiences.
Travelers are usually looking for pristine
landscapes and traditional architecture. It is our
responsibility to preserve the distinctive features
of our local communities.
Tourism / Ecoturism
223
Customs, traditions
Dei s-a redus mult ca activitate n ultimii ani,
prelucrarea stufului i a papurei este o activitate
important a locuitorilor Deltei Dunrii. stuful
este folosit n mod tradiional ca surs de energie,
iar mpletiturile sunt folosite pentru carpete,
decoraiuni interioare, perei despritori, garduri
i acoperiuri.
Zicem un DA hotrt stufului pentru c este un
material izolator foarte bun, pstreaz cldura n
timpul iernii i rcoarea pe timpul verii. n plus,
este i un material care izoleaz fonic, astfel c n
cas este mai mult linite. stuful este un material
uor i fabil care poate rezista i 50 de ani dac
este ngrijit corespunztor. se ncadreaz perfect
cu peisajul splendid al Deltei!
Arhitectura tradiional din Delta Dunrii
Although it has severely decreased over the last
years, the utilization of reeds and bulrushes is
still an important occupation of the people living
in the Danube Delta. Reed is traditionally used as
energy source, while woven reeds are used for
carpets, interior decorations, separating walls,
fences and roofs.
We are hUGE fans of reed, as it is a great insulation
material, keeping the house warm in winter and
cool in summer. It is also an excellent phonic
insulator, hence the house is more quiet. Reed is
a light and fexible building material that can last
for up to 50 years, if properly cared for. Plus, it
matches perfectly the beautiful natural landscape
of the Danube Delta!
Traditional architecture
from the Danube Delta
224
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
225
Customs, traditions
n Delta Dunrii arhitectura variaz n funcie de
habitat, context istoric i etnia majoritar.
Din punct de vedere urbanistic, amplasarea caselor
nu s-a fcut dup un plan anume i de aceea are o
structur neregulat.
Gospodria unei case tradiionale cuprinde casa
propriu-zis i anexele care difer n funcie de
ocupaiile de zi cu zi ale familiei: buctria de
var, grajdul pentru vite, depozitul pentru nutre,
cuptorul etc.
materialele specifce pentru construcia unei
case tradiionale n Delta Dunrii sunt: nuielele,
pmntul prelucrat sub forma de chirpici (amestec
de lut, paie i blegar, uscat la soare) sau ceamur
(lut frmntat cu paie i cu unele substane
minerale), stuful, olana (tub scurt de lut ars folosit
pentru stlpi, sobe i conducte de ap) i lemnul.
Casele sunt adesea vopsite n diverse combinaii de
alb, albastru i verde.
Astzi, cele mai multe dintre case sunt construite
din materiale moderne, combinate cu materialele
de construcie tradiionale Deltei.
n unele sate, se ntlnete ca anex a locuinei baia
lipoveneasc. Este o instalaie de tip saun n care
se ncing pietre mari de ru peste care se toarn
ap ferbinte, astfel nct s devin aburinde.
Arhitectura satului Dobrogean casa
226
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
The architecture of the Danube Delta varies
according to habitat, historical context and
predominant ethnic group.
From an urban planning perspective, the houses
did not have any layout plan and for this reason
they are not structurally organized.
A traditional household includes the main house
and different premises that vary according to the
familys day-to-day occupations: summer kitchen,
cattle shed, hay barn, the outdoor oven, etc.
The typical materials used for building a traditional
house in the Danube Delta are: twigs, adobe
bricks (a mixture of clay, straw and manure, dried
in the sun) or light straw clay (clay mixed with
straw and minerals), reeds, clay tiles (burned-clay
tubes used for pillars, stoves and water pipes) and
wood. houses are typically painted in different
combinations of white, blue and green.
Today, most of the houses are built using modern
materials, combined with natural building
materials.
In some villages, houses are provided with a
Lipovan steam bath. It is a type of sauna, where
steam is created by throwing boiling water on hot
river stones.
Traditional architecture
from the Danube Delta
227
Customs, traditions
satul Letea reprezint att un spaiu natural unic,
ct i o zon de confuen etno-cultural care, dei
deosebit de valoroas, este insufcient cunoscut
n ar i n strintate. Valoarea de patrimoniu
natural universal a Rezervaiei biosferei Delta
Dunrii a fost consfnit prin includerea acesteia
n reeaua UNEsCO. Izolat n mijlocul Deltei,
Letea este cel mai bine conservat sat tradiional,
find reprezentativ pentru patrimoniul cultural,
material i imaterial al acestei zone. satul Letea
are toate caracteristicile pentru a face parte din
patrimoniul cultural UNEsCO.
Delta Dunarii reprezinta att un spaiu natural
unic, ct i o zon de o deosebit importan
cultural, rezultat din intersectarea valorilor
provenite din cele peste 10 grupuri entice. Pe
grindul Letea, unul dintre cele mai slbatice i
mai izolate spaii din Delta Dunrii, se af satele
comunei C.A. Rosetti. Dintre acestea, localitatea
Letea, afat lng pdurea Letea, este un
adevrat muzeu viu al satului tradiional deltaic
romnesc. Aici triesc mpreun romni, rui-
lipoveni i ucrainieni, iar rezultatul cultural de
pe urma convieuirii acestor etnii este demn de o
atenie special.
De-a lungul strazilor de nisip sunt nirate case
tradiionale, vruite n alb, cu ferestre i ui vopsite
n culori naturale, n care predomin albastrul.
Casele sunt decorate cu o bogat dantelrie din
lemn, acoperite cu stuf auriu, iar elementele de
dcor de pe timpanul frontonului de la faad
sunt semnifcative pentru istoria i ndeletnicirile
care se practic n gospodrie. Evenimentele
satului (ziua satului, hramul bisericii, srbtorile
religioase etc.) relev elemente din patrimoniul
cultural imaterial (cntece i dansuri) bine
pstrate de locuitorii satului Letea, n viaa de
zi cu zi, pescari, agricultori sau cresctori de
animale. Privit ca expresie cultural, prepararea
meselor pe baz de pete la Letea este ridicat la
rang de art gastronomic.
Alturi de biodiversitate, obiceiurile, gastronomia
i arhitectura tradiional sunt elemente de
identitate ale Deltei Dunrii, astfel c prestigiul
natural al zonei poate f ntregit prin creterea
prestigiului culturii locale, reprezentativ pentru
o ntreag civilizaie ascuns de braele Dunrii.
Proximitatea unei arii naturale strict protejate,
Pdurea Letea, dar i peisajul natural nedeteriorat
de intervenia uman, sunt elemente care aduc
plus-valoare i contribuie la unicitatea cultural
a acestui sat. Avnd n vedere bogaia cultural
a satului Letea, este esenial inventarierea
elementelor care constituie ansamblul de
limbaje ale unei lumi izolate, dar n acelai timp
reprezentative pentru ntreg spaiul cultural
deltaic romnesc.
228
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
Letea village represents both a unique natural
environment and an ethno-cultural confuence
area which, although extremely valuable, is
insuffciently known in Romania and abroad. The
biosphere Reserve belongs to the UNEsCO World
Natural heritage network. Isolated right in the
middle of the Delta, Letea is the best preserved
traditional village, characteristic for the cultural,
material and immaterial heritage of this area. The
village enjoys all the necessary features to be
listed as part of the UNEsCO cultural heritage.
The Danube Delta represents both a unique
natural environment and an area of outstanding
cultural importance, a result of the interaction
of values coming from over 10 different ethnic
groups. The villages around C.A. Rosetti are
situated on the Letea levee, one of the wildest
and most isolated areas in the Danube Delta.
Among them, the Letea village, on the verge of
the Letea forest, is a true living museum of the
traditional Romanian delta village. Romanians,
Russian Lipovans and Ukrainians live together, and
the cultural outcome of this conviviality deserves
special scrutiny. Along sandy paths, you meet rows
of traditional whitewashed houses, their windows
and doors painted in natural shades, with blue the
prevalent colour. houses are decorated with rich
woodwork, covered in golden thatched reed, and
the tymapnum over the front entrance is adorned
with the specifc household craft symbols. Village
events (the Village Day, the church patron saint,
other religious events etc.) feature elements of
immaterial cultural heritage (song and dance) that
have been well preserved by the locals (fshermen
and farmers) on a daily basis. Regarded as cultural
expression, the cooking of fsh-based meals in
Letea is ranked as gastronomical art.
Along with biodiversity, customs, gastronomy and
traditional architecture form the Danube Delta
identity, so that the reputation of the natural
environment of the area can be complemented
by the growing prestige of the local culture,
representative for an entire civilization embraced
by the branches of the Danube. The proximity of
the Letea Forest strictly protected natural area,
as well as the natural landscape, unaltered by
human intervention, are the added values that
contribute to the cultural uniqueness of this
village. Acknowledging the cultural richness of
Letea village, a review of the diverse languages
of this isolated world becomes essential, since
it remains representative for the entire Delta
cultural space.
229
Customs, traditions
Alte obiceiuri tradiionale
i obiecte specifce
se ntlnete mai ales n Tulcea, Jurilovca i
slava Cerchez. Icoana are dublu sens n casa
tradiional: obiect de cult, dar i decorativ.
Pictur de icoane pe
lemn / sticl, icoane
lipoveneti
They can be found mainly in Tulcea, Jurilovca and
slava Cerchez. Icons have a double role in the
traditional house: an object of worship and also a
decorative role.
hand-painted icons
on wood/glass,
lipovan icons
230
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
Other traditional occupations
and crafts
n Cerna i Luncavia se mai pstreaz nc
obiceiul, devenit rar. Femeile din cas obinuiesc
s lucreze cu mna mbrcminte de zi cu zi i de
srbtoare.
esturi / custuri
In Cerna and Luncavia textile arts are still
present, but they have become a rarity. Women
still use hand-sewing for their day-to-day and
ceremonial clothing.
Textile arts and
crafts/hand-stitching
231
Customs, traditions
n Dorobanu i Crjelari se mai ntlnete nc
aceast ocupaie. Vasul se formeaz prin aezarea
unei mini de argil pe roata olarului, care este mai
apoi rotit cu piciorul n timp ce minile modeleaz
lutul pn la forma dorit.
Olrit
The people in Dorobanu and Crjelari still practice
traditional pottery. Wares are constructed by
placing a ball of clay in the center of a turntable,
the potters wheel, which the potter rotates with
one foot, while using his hands to shape the piece
of pottery.
Pottery
232
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
Este o ocupaie foarte veche care se mai practic n
Tulcea, Chilia Veche, Luncavia, somova, Topolog
i mahmudia. mpletiturile se realizeaz din nuiele,
paie, pnui, rchit, papur, n funcie de menirea
obiectului. se manufactureaz obiecte uoare, dar
rezistente, apropiate de natur n special couri
de diferite mrimi i forme.
mpletituri din
rchit i papur
It is still present in Tulcea, Chilia Veche, Luncavia,
somova, Topolog and mahmudia. The local people
have practiced weaving with natural fbers long
before textile weaving and pottery. The materials
used for weaving are twigs, straw, maize, wicker,
bulrush, depending on the type of product. They
usually make light but durable eco-friendly objects
especially baskets in different shapes and sizes.
Wicker and
bulrush basketry
233
Customs, traditions
Denumit i parus, este barca tradiional a
pescarilor lipoveni din Delta Dunrii. Lotca cu
parus interacioneaz mult mai prietenos cu apa,
pasagerii unei astfel de ambarcaiuni se simt mai
aproape de natur, iar navigaia n condiii de
valuri sau chiar furtun este mai confortabil i mai
sigur, n comparaie cu o alupa de vitez.
Lotca
This is the traditional rowing boat of Lipovan
fshermen, also known as parus. This type of
boat is completely eco-friendly, the passengers
are closer to nature, and the sailing is more
comfortable and safe in wavy waters or even
during a storm, as compared to high-speed boats.
Lotca
234
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
Altdat rspndit, are acum n Delta Dunrii
puini cunosctori activi.
Apicultura
Formerly a wide-spread activity, apiculture in the
Danube Delta is now very rare, with a few active
apiarists and beekeeping enthusiasts.
Apiculture
235
Customs, traditions
mNCRURI I bUTURI LOCALE
Retete de Adrian Gagea
Un fel de plachie delicioas, uor i simplu de pregtit
n excursii. specialitatea de atac a lui Radu Anton
Roman n duelul gastronomic cu Gelu eitan, la vatra
taberei din Delta Dunrii.
se aeaz un strat de ceap i ardei ntr-o tav
ntins sau ceaun. Deasupra se pun buci de tiuc,
fr s se ncalece. se toarn ap pn la acoperire.
se pune sare, zahr i piper sau ciuc dup gust.
Pentru ca apa s nu se evapore rapid la ferbere, se
toarn ulei, atta ct totul s se acoper cu o pelicul
subire. Dup ce ingredientele ferb la foc mic, circa
20 de minute, se toarn bulion sau suc de roii din
belug. se adaug usturoi zdrobit sau mujdei. Nu se
amestec. se mai dau cteva clocote. La sfrit se
asezoneaz cu ptrunjel, leutean i ment, tocate.
Pentru 4 persoane este nevoie de:
- 1 kg de buci de tiuc, bine curate
- 2-3 cepe
- 1-2 ardei
- 2-3 cei de usturoi
- Cteva linguri de ulei
- Un borcan de bulion sau suc de roii
- Verdea, sare, zahr, piper, ciuc, dup gust
Roea de tiuc
A delicious dish, quick and easy to cook during
trips. This is Radu Anton Romans attack
specialty in his gastronomic duel with Gelu eitan,
at the Danube Delta camp.

Place the diced onions and bell peppers in a large
baking tray or ironcast pot. Arrange the pike
chunks on top in one layer. Pour water until it
covers all ingredients. Add salt, sugar and pepper
or preserved hot peppers, according to taste. To
prevent water from evaporating, pour oil until it
forms a thin flm on the surface. bring to boil over
low heat and leave to simmer for approximately
20 minutes. Add plenty of tomato juice or paste.
Add the crushed garlic or garlic sauce. Do not stir.
Leave to simmer for a few more minutes. season
with fnely chopped fresh parsley, lovage and
mint.
Ingredients for 4 portions:
- 1 kg pike chunks, thoroughly cleaned
- 2-3 onions
- 1-2 bell peppers
- 2-3 garlic cloves
- a few tablespoons of oil
- one can of tomato paste or juice
- fresh herbs, salt, sugar, pepper,
preserved hot peppers, according to taste.
Pike stew
236
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
LOCAL FOODs AND bEVERAGEs
Recipes by Adrian Gagea
O reet care valorifc mult mai simplu pulpele
de pui de balt dect modul lor clasic de
preparare, pane.
Pulpele de pui de balt se recolteaz n lunile care
n-au litera r n denumire. Acestea se ferb mult
n ap cu sare, pn se desprinde carnea de pe
oase. bucelele de carne se extrag din fertur
cu strecurtoarea, iar oasele, ca nite bee de
chibrit, rmn pe fundul vasului. se prepar un
sos de ceap prjit n ulei, se stinge cu suc de
roii sau bulion, se amestec cu bucelele de
carne i se mai d un clocot. n caz c se adaug
usturoi, acesta se pune n ciulama dup ridicarea
ei de pe foc, pentru a nu da un gust amrui. se
mai adaug verdea tocat, iar ardelenii au voie
s pun i o linguri de zahr.
Ciulama
de pui de balt
A simple way to cook frog legs and an easier
alternative to the classic way of cooking frog legs
fried in bread crumbs.
Frogs are usually caught between may and July. Put
the frog legs in plenty of boiling water, add salt and
leave them to boil until thoroughly cooked. strain
the pieces of meat using a colander. The matchstick-
shape bones will sink at the bottom of the water.
Put oil in a hot pan, then add some chopped onion
and fry until golden. Add tomato juice or paste,
then the meat and leave to simmer. In case you
want to add garlic, you should put it in the pan only
after taking the pan off the fame, otherwise it will
taste bitter. season with fresh herbs. Ardeleans are
allowed to add a teaspoon of sugar.
blanquette
of frog legs
237
Customs, traditions
Un piure la fel de bun precum cel de castane slbatice.
n zonele ferite de vnt ale lacurilor curate i n
golfurile unor canale limpezi i linitite, plutesc nite
plante verzi-rocate, cu smocuri de frunze late i
dinate, la umbra crora cresc fructe verzi (sau negre
cnd sunt complet coapte). Aceste fructe, de forma
romboidal, cu patru ghimpi ascuii, de mrimea
unor nuci, se mai numesc popular i fructele
dracului (din cauza formei i a ghimpilor). Ele ar
trebui s se numeasc fructele divinitii pentru
faptul c n perioadele de foamete i n situaiile de
supravieuire au salvat multe viei. seminele lor
sunt cutate insistent nu numai de oameni, ci i de
bizami, gte slbatice, mistrei i alte vieuitoare
deoarece sunt foarte hrnitoare prin amidonul pe
care-l conin. Pescarii locali, mai nou i unii turiti,
au descoperit gustul i aroma lor fn, asemntoare
castanelor slbatice. Fructele se ferb, se sparge
coaja lor dur i li se scot seminele de mrimea unui
bob mare de fasole. seminele se pot mnca ca atare
sau se poate prepara din ele un piure delicios dres cu
sare, ulei i piper pentru garnitura preparatelor de
pete sau cu zahr i dulcea pentru desert.
Piure de
ciulini de balt
This puree tastes as good as the one made from
sweet chestnuts. These greenish-red plants can be
found foating in the wind-free areas of clean lakes
and in the bays of clear and quiet canals, bearing
green fruits (or black, when fully ripened). This
diamond-shaped fruit, with four barbed spines, as
big as a nut, is also knows as the devil pod (due
to its shape and spines). but it should be called
the divine pod, since in times of hunger or in
survival cases, it has saved many lives. Their seeds
are persistently sought after not only by humans,
but also by muskrats, wild geese, wild boars and
other living creatures, as they are very nourishing
due to their starch content. The local fshermen,
and lately tourists, have discovered their taste and
fne favour, similar to that of sweet chestnuts.
Their seeds can be eaten as they are or can be
mashed into a delicious puree with added salt, oil
and pepper, and consumed as a side dish for fsh,
or with added sugar and jams as a dessert.
mashed
Water-chestnut
238
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
se pune la fert un vas cu ap, sufcient de mare
ca s acopere toi racii. Cnd apa clocotete, se
arunc n ea racii vii, crora li se smulge solzul
central din coad, extrgndu-li-se, astfel, i
ultima parte a intestinului. se adaug sare din
belug. Racii trebuie s clocoteasc cel puin 5-6
minute, pn devin roii (ca racul) i gustoi ca
homarii. Din dou, trei cpni de usturoi zdrobite
bine se prepar o past, precum maioneza, prin
ncorporarea treptat a uleiului i a apei. Acela
este mujdeiul. Altfel, mujdeiul de usturoi este un
pleonasm.
Raci cu mujdei
In a large pot put enough water to cover the crabs.
When the water is boiling, throw in the live crabs,
after pulling the middle scale off their tail, thus
pulling out the end section of their intestines. Add
plenty of salt. The water must boil for at least 5-6
minutes, until the crabs turn as red (as lobsters)
and taste at least as good as lobsters. Crush two
or three garlic cloves to make a mayonnaise-like
paste, by progressively incorporating oil and water.
This is the garlic sauce.
Crabs in garlic sauce
239
Customs, traditions
bureii de salcie cresc n grupuri, precum ghebele,
imediat dup ploaie, pe cioturile putrede de salcie.
sunt albi cu dungulie gri. se culeg imediat, se ferb
proaspei, cnd nc sunt moi (altminteri se ntresc).
Dup rcire se amestec cu un sos de ceap murat
n soluie de oet sau vin sec, ulei, sare i piper. se
poate aduga i usturoi. Este lesne de neles c reeta
este recomandat numai cunosctorilor de ciuperci.
buretele de salcie nu este pe lista ciupercilor legal
comestibile la noi n ar, cu toate c localnicii deltei
l mnnc de sute de ani. De altfel, toate ciupercile
se pot mnca, dar unele o singur dat.
salat de burei
de salcie
Willow mushrooms grow in large clusters, like
honey mushrooms, immediately after the rain, on
rotten willow trunks. They are white with grey
lines. They should be collected as soon as they
appear and should be boiled while still fresh,
otherwise they tend to be chewy. When cool, mix
with preserved onions or dry wine, oil, salt and
pepper. Garlic may be added. It is recommended
only for mushroom connoisseurs. Willow
mushrooms are not inluded in the national list
of edible mushrooms, however, the local people
have been eating them for hundreds of years. Wild
mushrooms found in the Delta are usually edible,
some of them can be eaten only once.
Willow
mushroom salad
Un model de salat, similar cu cea de andive.
miezul de papur tnr se taie n bucele, de-o
nghiitur fecare. se amestec sucul de lmie,
sarea i zahrul ntr-un pahar cu ap, dup care
sosul se toarn peste bucelele de miez de papur.
se adaug ulei. Gustul acrior-amrui al salatei se
preteaz cu petele prjit i compania vesel.
salat din miez
de papur
A type of salad, similar to endive salad.
Chop the young shoots in bite-sizes. Add lemon
juice, salt and sugar to a glass of water, then
pour the mixture over the chopped shoots. Add
oil. The sweet-sour taste of the salad is the
perfect companion for fried fsh and a friendly
atmosphere.
bulrush shoots salad
240
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
Este vorba despre scoicile uriae de ap dulce care
se gsesc din belug n canalele puin adnci din
delt, mai ales ancorate n solul nisipos. Cu un cuit
se slbete ligamentul (brbia) care ine valvele
nchise. Dac nu reuii s-o deschidei imediat,
nseamn c scoica este moart i trebuie aruncat.
Noi recomandm s reinei numai piciorul musculos,
care se taie imediat dup deschiderea forat a
valvelor. bucile crnoase se prjesc n ulei alturi
de mult ceap mrunit, felii de ardei, rondele
de morcovi i, eventual, puin ardei iute. se adaug
treptat orezul i apa, astfel nct amestecul s
clocoteasc. Dup ce orezul s-a nmuiat, iar fertura
a sczut, se adaug verdea, leuteanul dnd aroma
cea mai potrivit. Preparatul merge bine asociat cu
un vin alb.
scoici mari cu orez
Large freshwater clams are extremely abundant
in the shallow channels of the Danube Delta,
especially anchored in the sandy soils. Use a
clam knife to cut the muscle that keeps the
shells together. If you do not succeed in opening
it right away, it means that the clam is dead and
you should throw it away. We recommend to use
only the muscle, which is cut immediately after
the forced opening of the shell. Fry the pieces of
meat in hot oil, then add chopped onion, pepper
slices, carrot slices and, if desired, hot pepper.
Add the rice and water in small amounts, making
sure the pot keeps simmering. After the rice is
softened, and the water level has decreased, add
fresh herbs, lovage being the perfect seasoning.
To accompany this dish, serve with white wine.
Large clams with rice
241
Customs, traditions
O placint simpl i bun care nu lipsete de pe
mesele dobrogenilor.
Aluatul: fin, ap, 1 ou, grsime (untura ct o nuca
sau o lingur de ulei),sare. se amestec totul pn
se obine un aluat potrivit de moale, dupa care se
las la odihnit circa o jumtate de ora. Aluatul
se mparte apoi n 6 buci i se ncepe ntinderea
foilor cu fcleul de lemn, pe masura tvii.
Umplutura: avem nevoie de branz (dulce sau srat,
n funcie de preferine) i de ou. Compoziia se
face n functie de cantitatea de aluat. Pentru un
aluat preparat dintr-o can de ap i fain (cam
500-600 g), sunt de-ajuns 700 g de branz i 6 ou
pentru umplutur. branza frmiat se amestec
energic i cu spor cu oule btute.
Umplutura se pune din loc n loc pe jumtate
din foaia uns cu untur (sau untdelemn), apoi
se acoper cu cealalt jumatate de foaie fr
compoziie, ncreindu-se cu mna din lateral
spre centru. se aeaz foile umplute n tav, se
ung i, pe deasupra, se porioneaz i se dau la
cuptorul ncins n prealabil. ntre timp, se face
un amestec din 4 ou i jumtate de kilogram de
iaurt sau smntn. Dup aproximativ 30 minute,
cnd placinta ncepe s se rumeneasc, se toarna
uniform peste aluat amestecul de ou i iaurt
(smntna). se mai lasa la cuptor aproximativ 15
minute.
Dupa ce se scoate din cuptor i se mai rcete
un pic, se arunc peste un praf de zahr pudr.
Versiunea rapida i confortabil a acestei placinte
const n folosirea foilor de placint gsite n
comer, cu riscul incontestabil de a pierde din
savoarea acestei plcinte.
Plcint dobrogean cu brnz
242
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
A simple and delicious pie always present on
Dobrudjan tables.
Dough: four, water, 1 egg, fat (pork fat the size of a
nut or a spoon of oil), salt. mix all ingredients until a
soft dough is formed. Leave to rest for half an hour.
Divide the dough in 6 pieces and start rolling out
the dough until thin sheets are obtained, the size of
which should ft in the tray.
Filling: cheese (cottage or fermented cheese,
according to taste) and eggs. The quantity of
ingredients vary depending on the amount of dough.
For a dough made out of 500-600 grams of four and
water, add 700 grams of cheese and 6 eggs for the
flling. beat the eggs energetically with the cheese
until a creamy paste is obtained.
Place the flling on half of the fat(oil)-greased sheet,
then fold the other half over the flling, pressing the
sheet from the sides until it forms creases. Place the
creased sheets in the tray, grease with fat (oil) on top
and put them in a preheated oven. meanwhile, mix
4 eggs with 500 ml of soured cream or yoghurt. After
approximately 30 minutes, when the pie starts to
develop a golden crust, pour the egg mixture evenly
over the surface. Allow an additional 15 minutes of
baking.
When ready, leave to cool off for a few minutes, then
add confectioners sugar. The fast version of this pie
is made using ready-made dough sheets, with the
risk of losing the authentic favour of this pie.
Dobrudja-style cheese pie
243
Customs, traditions
buturile alcoolice tradiionale locale, produse de
regul n gospodrii i servite adeseori ca aperitiv,
sunt uica, obinut prin fermentarea i distilarea
prunelor, i rachiul de fructe, obinut din caise,
ciree, corcodue, piersici, viine sau zarzre (i care
mprumut aroma corespunztoare fructului folosit).
De obicei, alcoolul obinut prin folosirea cazanului de
uic poate atinge chiar i 40 de grade.
buturi locale
The traditional alcoholic drinks (usually
homemade and typicaly served as appetizers)
are: plum brandy, obtained from the fermentation
and distillation of plums, and fruit brandy, made
from apricots, cherries, mirabelles, peaches, sour
cherries or wild apricots (which add their fruity
favour to the brandy). The alcohol content of
such drinks can reach up to 40 degrees.
Local beverages
O butur rcoritoare agreabil, dulceag i acidulat,
uor de preparat n tabra din Delt. miezul rizomilor
subacvatici de trestie groas (nu stuf subire) se
mrunete i se pune n recipiente mari de plastic
(peturi de trei, cinci sau mai muli litrii) mpreun
cu apa. se poate aduga cte o lmie cioprit.
Recipientul se atrn la umbr i vnt pentru
macerare. Dup o zi sau dou, coninutul se fltreaz,
iar ambalajul se nvelete n prosoape umede. Vntul
ajut la evaporarea rapid a apei din prosoape, rcind
spectaculos coninutul.
suc rece
din miez de rizomi
de trestie groas
A fresh, tasty, sweet and acidulated beverage, easy to
prepare at camping sites in the Delta. Chop the feshy
rhizomes of thick-stemmed canes (not thin-stemmed
reed) and put them in large plastic containers (of
tree, fve or more litres) and cover with water. You
can also add a sliced lemon. The container is then
put to macerate in the shadow and wind. After one or
two days, flter the content and wrap the container in
cold towels. The wind helps with the fast evaporation
of the water in the towels, which leads to a surprising
cooling effect.
Cold juice
of thick-stemmed
cane rhizomes
244
Tradiii, obiceiuri,
arhitectur specifc
O butur agreabil, uor de preparat n tabr, care
imit (pn la confundare) coniacul fn franuzesc.
Votca banal, spaima narilor din Delt, poate f
ameliorat i diluat simplu, n amestec cu ceai de
ment preparat special. ntr-un ibric sau vas similar se
ferbe un buchet mrior de ment de balt. Aproape
peste tot n delt, la marginea canalelor linitite sau a
plaurilor, plutete i se nal din ap tulpini i frunze
roiatice de ment. Rdcinile plantei sunt nfpte n
pmnt sau n buza plaurului, alturi de stuf (nu lng
papur). Ceaiul se ferbe pn cnd toate esenele
volatile dispar, iar culoarea lui devine brun-rocat.
Astfel, n amestec cu votca, butura nu are miros
aromat, iar gustul ei este uor amrui i, la fel ca cel
al buturilor fne, nu poate f descris dect poetic,
avnd nevoie de companie plcut.
Votc cu esen de
ment crea
(Izm de balt, mentha aquatica)
It is a delightful drink, easy to make at camping
sites, which imitates (and can even be taken for)
a fne French cognac. The common vodka, an
eco-friendly mosquito repellent, can be easily
tranformed into a mint-favoured beverage by
dilution with a specially prepared mint tea. In a
teapot or a similar pot, boil a large bunch of water
mint. Found almost everywhere in the Danube
Delta, in the shallow margins of quiet channels
or reedbeds, the water mint stems and red leaves
are foating and rising above the surface of the
water. The roots of the plant are imbedded in the
soil, always nearby reedbeds (not bulrushes). The
tea must be boiled until all volatile oils evaporate
and the colour becomes brownish-red. Thus, when
mixed with vodka, the drink is not aromatic, and
it acquires a sourish taste. Like all fne drinks, it
can be described only metaphorically, always in
good company.
mint-favoured
Vodka
(water mint, mentha aquatica)
245
Customs, traditions
Mulumiri
Acknowledgment
Dei bogia i valoarea Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta Dunrii este confrmat la nivel internaional,
de multe ori atenia i grija care i revin nu i fac cinste i nu i asigur viitorul. Prin atlasul de
fa ne-am propus s ilustrm i s punem n lumin cteva fragmente din ntreaga diversitate
valoroas gzduit n acest spaiu, n sperana c astfel va f neleas mai bine.
Au contribuit cu informaii tiinifce Eugen Petrescu (expert Societatea Ornitologic Romn),
Silviu Covaliov, Kiss Botond, Vasile Alexe, Torok Zsolt, Alexandru Doroenco, Radu Suciu, Aurel
Nstase, (experi la Institutul Naional de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Delta Dunrii) i Administraia
Biosferei Delta Dunrii.
Atlasul este o iniiativ a organizaiei Salvai Dunrea i Delta, coordonat de Roxana chiopu,
Laura Zaharia i Mihaela Marin.
Mulumim fotograflor care au surprins ntr-o manier spectaculoas aportul acestui spaiu la
biodiversitatea lumii: Daniel Petrescu, Sorin Onior i Helmut Ignat.
i mulumim, de asemenea, domnului Dr. Ing. Adrian Gagea pentru delicioasele reete culinare.
Atlasul a fost realizat de echipa K Consulting Management and Coordination, adic de Mircea
Nanc, Irina Georgescu i Dan Pastia & Goran Drenkov (design).
Although the great diversity and value of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve is confrmed by
several international conventions, too often it is not adequately treated and for this reason its
future is vulnerable. Through this atlas we aim to illustrate and bring forward some pieces of
the great diversity hosted in this area in the hope that it will be better understood.
Eugen Petrescu (expert at Romanian Ornithological Society), Silviu Covaliov, Kiss Botond, Vasile
Alexe, Torok Zsolt, Alexandru Doroenco, Radu Suciu, Aurel Nstase, (experts at Danube Delta
Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development) and Danube Delta Biosphere
Reserve Authority have helped us with scientifc information.
The Atlas is a Save Danube and Delta Association initiative, coordinated by Roxana chiopu,
Laura Zaharia and Mihaela Marin.
We thank the photographers which have captured in a spectacular manner this great biodiversity:
Daniel Petrescu, Sorin Onior and Helmut Ignat.
We are thankful as well to Dr. Eng. Adrian Gagea for his delicious recipes.
The atlas was made by the K Consulting Management and Coordination team, compound of
Mircea Nanc, Irina Georgescu and Dan Pastia & Goran Drenkov (design).
246
INDEX FoToGRAFII
Daniel Petrescu ................................ pp 611, 13-16, 20, 22-77, 79-81, 84-91, 114-119,
122-125, 128-210, 213, 215
sorin onior ..................................... pp 218-231, 233-235
Helmut Ignat .................................... pp 211, 212, 214,
Peter Pfeiffer ................................... pp 99
Flpa- Images.co.uk ............................ pp 12, 94, 96, 98, 101-104, 106-109, 113
Canstockphoto.com ........................... pp 17-19, 78, 82, 95, 97, 105, 110
shutterstock.com .............................. pp 21, 100, 111 , 112, 120, 121, 126, 132
Digitalnature.org .............................. pp 92, 93
Valeriu Leonov ................................. pp 232
George Clin .................................... pp 236-245
DANUbE DELTA - THE ALmosT LosT PARADIsE!
247
Delta Dunrii - paraDisul aproape pierDut!
2
Editor: Asociaia Salvai Dunrea i Delta
Data publicrii: 1.09.2013
Coninutul acestui material nu reprezint n mod obligatoriu poziia ofcial a Uniunii Europene sau a Guvernului Romniei.
Delta Dunrii Paradisul aproape pierdut! Campanie de informare i contientizare cu privire la protejarea
biodiversitii Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta Dunrii este un proiect implementat de Asociaia Salvai Dunrea i Delta,
n parteneriat cu Administraia Rezervaiei Biosferei Delta Dunrii, confnanat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare
Regional prin Programul Operaional Sectorial Mediu.

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