Lesson 1.

2
Algebraic Expressions and Sets of
Numbers
Section 1
Algebraic Expressions
An expression includes variables, numbers and operation.
DOES NOT include an equal sign
Evaluating an Expression
Cont.
Remember:
Variables next to variables or numbers next to numbers
indicates multiplication.
Fraction bars indicates division.
Section 2
Set of Real Numbers
Set a collection of objects
Real Numbers Include both rational and irrational
numbers
Natural Numbers Numbers used for counting (1,2,3,)
Whole Numbers natural numbers with 0 included
(0,1,2,3,)
Integers Set of whole numbers and their opposites (,-4,-
3,-2,1,0,1,2,3,4,)

Sets
The set of
All x
such that
x is a natural number less than 3

3 x x is anatural number less than

Elements in a set
The members of a set are called its elements.
A set that contains no elements is called the empty set (or null
set) symbolized by

32
Theset
x xis amonthwith days is or

or
Rational and Irrational Numbers
Rational Numbers can be expressed as an integer divided by a
nonzero integer
Irrational Numbers are numbers whose decimal
representation neither terminates nor has a repeating block
of digits. They cannot be represented as the quotient of two
integers.

Examples of Rational Numbers
-5, 0, 9.45,
4
7

8.734,
Examples of Irrational Numbers

10, 3, , 7.161161116..., 3.491...
Given the following numbers
20, 10, 5.34, 18.999,
11
, 7, 2,
45
2
0, , 9.34334333433334...
3

1. Name the natural numbers

2. Name the whole numbers
3. Name the integers
4. Name the irrational numbers
5. Name the rational numbers
6. Name the real numbers
True or False?
a. 3 is a real number
b. is an irrational number

c. Every rational number is an integer

d. is a real number

1
5
Subsets
Subsets sets contained within
Ex: Every integer is also a rational number. In other words,
all the elements of the set of integers are also elements of
the set of rational numbers. When this happens we say
that the set of integers, set Z, is a subset of the set of
rational numbers, set Q. In symbols,
Z Q
Real Numbers The set of all rational
numbers and irrational numbers together.
Rational Numbers A number
that can be written as the quotient
of two integers
Irrational Numbers Non-perfect
squares, pi, non-repeating, non-
terminating decimals
Integers: Whole #s and their opposites
(,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,)
Whole #s: 0,1,2,3,.
Natural #s: 1,2,3,.
Symbols
,5, , , p a g j q
used todenote that anelement is ina particular set
is read as is not anelement of

3 1, 2,3, 4,5
3 is an element of {1,2,3,4,5}
p is not an element of {a, 5, g, j, q}
List the elements in each set.


1 6
100
x xis a wholenumber between and
x xis arational number greater than
Section 3
Absolute Value
Absolute value is the distance that number is from zero on a
number line.
EX: l 3 l = 3 and l 3 l = 3

Example 6: pg. 13
Section 4
Opposite
The opposite of a number is the numbers additive inverse.
When the sum of these two numbers is zero.
EX: -3.4 opposite is 3.4
- 3.4 + 3.4 = 0

Example 7 pg. 14
Section 5
Translating Phrases into an
algebraic expression.
A variable is used to express an unknown.
Use key words to translate operations.
Less than / greater than (reverse the sentence.
Ex: 4 less than a number ( x 4)
Vs. the difference of 4 and a number (4 x)

Example 8 pg. 14
Algebraic Expressions

Assignment

Page 16 - #15 28 & #37 52