lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 1

This print-out should have 20 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
A simple harmonic oscillator has amplitude
0.7 m and period 2.8 sec.
What is the maximum acceleration?
1. 3.52486 m/s
2
correct
2. 0.0892857 m/s
2
3. 0.25 m/s
2
4. 9.8696 m/s
2
5. 0.560999 m/s
2
6. 1.76243 m/s
2
Explanation:
Let : A = 0.7 m and
T = 2.8 sec .
For a simple harmonic oscillator, the dis-
placement is
x = Acos
_
2
T
t +
_
,
so the acceleration is
a =
d
2
x
dt
2
= A
_
2
T
_
2
cos
_
2
T
t +
_
.
Since 1 < cos < 1, the maximum acceler-
ation is
A
max
=
4
2
A
T
2
=
4
2
(0.7 m)
(2.8 sec)
2
= 3.52486 m/s
2
.
002 10.0 points
A block is placed on the top of a ramp as
shown in the gure below. The block is re-
leased from rest on the frictionless incline.
When the block reaches the at portion of
the table it begins to feel a frictional force
with the table characterized by a coecient
of kinetic friction
k
.

k
h
Which of the following statements about
the energy and work of the system could
NOT be correct?
1. On the table, friction does work on the
block causing it to slow down.
2. The blocks gravitational potential en-
ergy loss is equal to kinetic energy gain as it
descends.
3. The normal force from the incline does no
work on the block.
4. When the block reaches the bottom of
the incline, its kinetic energy reaches a maxi-
mum.
5. Along the incline, gravity does work on
the block causing it to speed up.
6. The sum of the potential energy and the
kinetic energy of the block at any point along
the entire path of travel is conserved. correct
7. Along the incline, the potential energy of
the system decreases from its initial value.
Explanation:
The total mechanical energy of the block
(i.e., the sum of the potential energy and the
kinetic energy) is not conserved. Mechani-
cal energy is converted from potential energy
and eventually is dissipated by work done by
friction.
003 10.0 points
Which statement is wrong?
lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 2
1. Adding the same amount of heat to two
dierent objects will produce the same in-
crease in temperature. correct
2. When the same amount of heat produces
dierent changes in temperature in two sub-
stances of the same mass, we say that they
have dierent specic heat capacities.
3. Temperature measures the average ki-
netic energy of random motion, but not other
kinds of energy.
4. Dierent substances have dierent ther-
mal properties due to dierences in the way
energy is stored internally in the substances.
5. Each substance has its own characteristic
specic heat capacity.
Explanation:
The same amount of heat does not necessar-
ily produce the same increase in temperature
in dierent objects.
004 10.0 points
Brass is an alloy made from copper and zinc.
A 0.55 kg brass sample at 98.4

C is dropped
into 2.25 kg of water at 4.3

C.
If the equilibrium temperature is 7.0

C,
what is the specic heat capacity of brass?
The specic heat of water is 4186 J/kg

C.
Correct answer: 505.867 J/kg

C.
Explanation:
Let : m
b
= 0.55 kg ,
T
b
= 98.4

C,
m
w
= 2.25 kg ,
T
w
= 4.3

C,
T
f
= 7.0

C, and
c
p,w
= 4186 J/kg

C.
T
w
= T
f
T
w
= 7

C 4.3

C
= 2.7

C and
T
b
= T
b
T
f
= 98.4

C 7

C
= 91.4

C, so
Q
gained,water
= Q
lost,brass
m
w
c
p,w
T
w
= m
b
c
p,b
T
b
c
p,b
=
m
w
c
p,w
T
w
m
b
T
b
=
(2.25 kg) (4186 J/kg

C)
(0.55 kg) (91.4

C)
(2.7

C)
= 505.867 J/kg

C .
005 10.0 points
When an automobile moves with constant
velocity, the power developed in a certain en-
gine is 63.5 hp.
What total frictional force acts on the car
at 66.9 mi/h ? 1 hp = 746 W and 1 m/s =
2.2374 mi/h.
Correct answer: 1584.27 N.
Explanation:
Let : P = 63.5 hp and
v = 66.9 mi/h.
P =
W
t
=
F d
t
= F v
F =
P
v
=
63.5 hp
66.9 mi/h
= 1584.27 N .
006 10.0 points
The force of air resistance on a raindrop is
4.7 10
5
N when it falls with a terminal
velocity of 5.8 m/s.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s
2
.
What is the mass of the raindrop?
Correct answer: 4.79592 10
6
kg.
lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 3
Explanation:
When the raindrop is falling with constant
velocity the sum of forces acting on it is zero.
F
net
= 0 = mg F
air
mg = F
air
m =
F
air
g
=
4.7 10
5
N
9.8 m/s
2
= 4.79592 10
6
kg
007 10.0 points
Frictional forces notoriously fail to satisfy the
criterion for a conservative force; i.e., the to-
tal work done by frictional forces does not
necessarily equal zero when integrated over a
loop,
_
f
f
dr = 0.
Why dont frictional forces satisfy the con-
servative criterion?
1. Frictional forces always act to decrease
the velocity v of an object.
2. Frictional forces can only do zero or neg-
ative work. correct
3. Frictional forces are always proportional
to the force of gravity.
4. Frictional forces are never constant, but
are dierent at every point on an objects
path.
5. None of these
Explanation:
Frictional forces are always opposite to the
displacement if there is one. Therefore if the
path is n times as long, the work done will be
n times as great. Clearly, the work by such
a force will not always be zero over a closed
loop.
Conservative forces do work that depends
only on the end-points of the integral (and is
completely independent of the path).
008 10.0 points
Consider a uniform conservative force on some
strange distant planet that is similar to the
gravitational force but pointing at an angle
to the vertical direction,
F = ma sin ma cos .

O(0, 0)
P(x, y)
x
y
If you consider the planet that creates this
force and an object of mass m as one system,
what is the change in potential energy moving
the object from O(0, 0) to P(x, y)?
1. U = +ma x tan ma y tan
2. U = +ma x cos ma y tan
3. U = ma x sin +ma y cos correct
4. U = +ma x cos ma y sin
5. U = +ma x sin ma y tan
6. U = ma x cos +ma y sin
7. U = +ma x sin ma y cos
8. U = ma x tan +ma y tan
9. U = ma x cos +ma y tan
10. U = ma x sin +ma y tan
Explanation:
Let : F
x
= +ma sin ,
F
y
= ma cos ,
lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 4
Since the force is conservative, the work
required to move the object from O to P is
independent of the path taken. Consider a
straight horizontal path from O to (x, 0), and
then a straight vertical path from (x, 0) to P.
The work is
W = +F
x
x +F
y
y , so
= +ma x sin ma y cos .
The change is potential is the negative of
the work done by the force or
U = W
= ma x sin +ma y cos .
009 10.0 points
Use the potential energy vs. position plot
shown below to answer the following question.
A particle is released from point A and
moves in the potential U(x). Suppose the
mechanical energy of the system is conserved.
x
U(x)
T
S
V
A
At which position(s) will the kinetic energy
of the particle have its maximum value?
1. Point T.
2. Points T and V .
3. Point S.
4. Point V . correct
5. The particle remains stationary at point
A.
Explanation:
Since the total energy is constant, the max-
imum kinetic energy will occur when the po-
tential energy is a minimum. Thus point V is
the correct answer.
010 10.0 points
The following graph represents a hypothetical
potential energy curve for a particle of mass
m.
r
U(r)
O
3 U
0
2 U
0
U
0
r
0 2 r
0
If the particle is released from rest at posi-
tion r
0
, what will be its speed v at position
2 r
0
?
1. v =
_
6 U
0
m
2. v =
_
2 U
0
m
3. v =
_
U
0
4 m
4. v =
_
U
0
6 m
5. v =
_
U
0
8 m
6. v =
_
8 U
0
m
7. v =
_
4 U
0
m
correct
8. v =
_
U
0
m
9. v =
_
U
0
2 m
Explanation:
The total energy of the particle is con-
served. So the change of the potential en-
ergy is converted into the kinetic energy of
the particle, which gives
1
2
mv
2
= 3 U
0
U
0
v =
_
4 U
0
m
.
lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 5
011 10.0 points
A black hole is an object so heavy that neither
matter nor even light can escape the inuence
of its gravitational eld. Since no light can
escape from it, it appears black. Suppose a
body with the same mass as the Earth 6.33
10
24
kg is packed into a small uniform sphere.
Based on Newtonian mechanics, determine
the radius r
0
at which this body would appear
to be a black hole.
Hint: The escape speed at the sur-
face of the body must be equal to the
speed of light c = 2.99792 10
8
m/s . The
universal gravitational constant is G =
6.67259 10
11
Nm
2
/kg
2
.
Correct answer: 0.00939911 m.
Explanation:
Basic Concepts: Energy conservation
E =
GmM
r
+K .
At minimum escape velocity, E = 0 (the pro-
jectile has just enough initial kinetic energy
to overcome the gravitational potential).
Solution: Setting v
esc
= c, the limiting
radius is given by
1
2
mv
2
esc
=
1
2
mc
2
=
GmM
r
0
,
or
r
0
=
2 GM
c
2
= 2 (6.67259 10
11
Nm
2
/kg
2
)

(6.33 10
24
kg)
(2.99792 10
8
m/s)
2
= 0.00939911 m .
Technically speaking, in a region where
gravity is extremely intense, Newtons me-
chanics cannot be used. Rather, one needs to
apply the general theory of relativity devel-
oped by Albert Einstein.
It turns out that the theory of relativity
gives the same expression for this limiting
radius, referred to as the Schwarzschild ra-
dius.
012 10.0 points
The graph is a potential energy diagram for
a particle in some system as a function of
position x.
x
0
x
0
2x
0
3x
0
4x
0
5x
0
A
B
0
U
(
x
)
x
What is the force F on the particle at x =
3 x
0
?
1. F = 0
2. F =
B
4 x
0
correct
3. F =
B
5 x
0
4. F =
A
4 x
0
5. F =
B A
4 x
0
6. F =
B
5 x
0
7. F =
A
5 x
0
8. F =
A
4 x
0
9. F =
B
4 x
0
10. F =
B A
4 x
0
Explanation:
F =
d U
dr
=
0 B
5 x
0
x
0
=
B
4 x
0
.
013 10.0 points
lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 6
A 3 kg block collides with a massless spring
of spring constant 98 N/m attached to a wall.
The speed of the block was observed to be
1.3 m/s at the moment of collision.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s
2
.
The maximum distance to which the
spring was compressed was observed to be
13.6472 cm.
What is the kinetic coecient of friction
between the block and the oor?
Correct answer: 0.40436.
Explanation:
When there is friction, we should take into
account the energy dissipated by friction in
using energy conservation
E = W
friction
1
2
k x
2

1
2
mv
2
=
k
mg x

k
=
mv
2
k x
2
2 mg x
=
(3 kg) (1.3 m/s)
2
2 (3 kg) (9.8 m/s
2
) (13.6472 cm)

(98 N/m) (13.6472 cm)

2
2 (3 kg) (9.8 m/s
2
) (13.6472 cm)
= 0.40436 .
014 10.0 points
An electron and a positron (essential a posi-
tively charged electron) are a long away from
each other. If they interact with nothing else,
what is their velocity when they they are 2
classical electron radii r
e
apart. We will ig-
nore any relativistic eects. Use:
1
4
0
= 9 10
9
N m
2
/C
2
r
e
= r
p
= 2.8179 10
15
m
m
e
= m
p
= 9.109 10
31
kg
e = 1.6 10
19
C,
where r
e
and r
p
are the radii of the electron
and positron respectively, m
e
and m
p
are the
electron and positron masses and e is the
magnitude of the charge on each.
Correct answer: 2.1185 10
8
m/s.
Explanation:
Since initially they are very far apart,
U
i
0, and they are not moving so K
i
= 0.
Thus, their initial energy is E
i
= 0. At the
nal state, their total energy must still be
zero since they do not interact with any-
thing outside of the system. They have
K
f
=
1
2
m
e
v
2
+
1
2
m
p
v
2
= m
e
v
2
. Thus,
K
f
+U
f
= E
i
= 0
K
f
= U
f
m
e
v
2
=
1
4
0
q
1
q
2
2 r
e
v =

1
4
0
q
1
q
2
2 m
e
r
e
v =

(9 10
9
N m
2
/C
2
)(1.6 10
19
C)
2
(2)(9.109 10
31
kg)(2.8179 10
15
m)
v =2.1185 10
8
m/s
015 10.0 points
Consider just four of the energy levels in a
certain atom, as shown in the diagram below.
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
n = 4
If this atom is emitting photons, how many
spectral lines will result from all possible tran-
sitions among these levels? Which transition
corresponds to the highest- frequency light
emitted? Which transition corresponds to
the lowest-frequency?
1. three; level 4 to level 2 transition; level 4
to level 3 transition.
lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 7
2. three; level 4 to level 3 transition; level 2
to level 1 transition.
3. six; level 4 to level 1 transition; level 4 to
level 3 transition. correct
4. three; level 4 to level 1 transition; level 4
to level 3 transition.
5. six; level 4 to level 1 transition; level 2 to
level 1 transition.
6. three; level 2 to level 1 transition; level 4
to level 3 transition.
7. six; level 2 to level 1 transition; level 4 to
level 3 transition.
8. six; level 2 to level 1 transition; level 4 to
level 1 transition.
Explanation:
Six transitions are possible, as shown.
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
n = 4
The highest-frequency transition is from
quantum level 4 to level 1. The lowest-
frequency transition is from quantum level
4 to level 3.
016 10.0 points
Suppose that a hydrogen atom in the ground
state absorbs a photon of wavelength 15.6 nm.
If the atom is ionized, what will the kinetic
energy of the electron be when it gets far
away from the atom? The value of the speed
of light is 2.99799 10
8
m/s ; the value of
h is 6.62607 10
34
J s ; and the quantized
energy states for hydrogen are given by
E
N
= 13.6 eV/N
2
, N = 1, 2, ...
1 eV = 1.60218 10
19
J .
Correct answer: 65.8789 eV.
Explanation:
Let : c = 2.99799 10
8
m/s ,
h = 6.62607 10
34
J s ,
E
0H
= 13.6 eV, and
= 15.6 nm = 1.56 10
8
m.
hf = h
c

= (6.62607 10
34
J s)

2.99799 10
8
m/s
1.56 10
8
m

1 eV
1.60218 10
19
J
= 79.4789 eV,
so the atom will be ionized and its kinetic
energy will be
K = 79.4789 eV 13.6 eV
= 65.8789 eV .
keywords:
017 10.0 points
Consider an equilateral triangle made of thin
rods of mass m and length L that are welded
together. What is the moment of inertia of
this triangle for rotation about an axis that is
perpendicular to the plane of the triangle and
through one of vertices of the triangle?
The moment of inertia of a rod rotated
about its center of mass is I
rod, cm
=
1
12
mL
2
.
1.
17
12
mL
2
2. mL
2
3.
11
12
mL
2
lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 8
4.
3
2
mL
2
correct
5.
7
3
mL
2
6.
1
2
mL
2
7.
5
6
mL
2
8.
2
3
mL
2
Explanation:
Two of the rods in the triangle are rotating
about their ends. By the parallel axis theo-
rem, the moment of inertia of a rod rotating
about its end is I
rod, end
=
1
3
mL
2
.
The other rod on the opposite side of the
triangle from the point of rotation is rotating
about a point that is

3
2
L from its center
of mass. Using the parallel axis theorem for
opposite side rod, we get a moment of inertia
of
I
rod, opp
=
1
12
mL
2
+m
_

3
2
L
_
2
=
1
12
mL
2
+m
3
4
L
2
=
5
6
mL
2
We can now add these individual moments
of inertia to get the moment of inertia for the
whole triangle
I
triangle, end
=
1
3
mL
2
+
1
3
mL
2
+
5
6
mL
2
=
3
2
mL
2
.
018 10.0 points
Two balls of equal mass and radius are at the
bottom of an incline, and are rolled upward
without slipping at the same initial velocity.
One ball is a solid sphere of uniform density,
and the other is a thin-walled hollow ball.
Which rolls higher up the incline before
coming to a stop?
1. Depends on the radius of the balls.
2. Depends on the thickness of the thin wall
of the hollow ball.
3. Depends on the magnitude of the initial
velocity.
4. Both will roll to the same height.
5. Cannot be determined without more in-
formation.
6. The hollow ball. correct
7. The solid ball.
8. Depends on the angle of the incline.
Explanation:
For each ball
K
tot
= K
trans
+K
rot
=
1
2
mv
2
+
1
2
I
2
.
The initial velocities are the same, so we com-
pare the moments of inertia. The thin-walled
hollow ball has I =
2
3
mR
2
and the solid ball
I =
2
5
mR
2
. Thus the hollow ball has more
total kinetic energy at the base of the incline,
giving it more potential energy at the top; i.e.,
the hollow ball indeed goes higher.
keywords:
019 10.0 points
Two objects of masses 30 kg and 54 kg are
connected to the ends of a rigid rod (of negli-
gible mass) that is 70 cm long and has marks
every 10 cm, as shown.
30 kg
54 kg
A BCDEFGH J
10 20 30 40 50 60
Which point represents the center of mass
of the sphere-rod combination?
lee (akl723) Tes 3 Practice Test orin (57850) 9
1. G correct
2. A
3. J
4. H
5. F
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. E
Explanation:
Let : = 70 cm,
m
1
= 30 kg , and
m
2
= 54 kg .
To nd the center of mass we use,
x
cm
=

i
m
i
x
i

i
m
i
.
Denote x
i
the distance from the left end
point of the rod to each mass.
x
cm
=
m
1
(0) +m
2

m
1
+m
2
=
(54 kg) (70 cm)
30 kg + 54 kg
= 45 cm.
Therefore the point should be point G.
020 10.0 points
Consider the diatomic molecule oxygen O
2
which is rotating in the xy plane about the z
axis passing through its center, perpendicular
to its length. The mass of each oxygen atom
is 2.66 10
26
kg, and at room temperature,
the average separation distance between the
two oxygen atoms is 1.54 10
10
m (treat the
atoms as point masses).
If the angular speed of the molecule about
the z axis is 4.57 10
12
rad/s, what is its
rotational kinetic energy?
Correct answer: 3.29379 10
21
J.
Explanation:
Let : m = 2.66 10
26
kg ,
r = 7.7 10
11
m, and
= 4.57 10
12
rad/s .
The moment of inertia about the z axis is
I =
2

n=1
m
n
r
2
n
= mr
2
+mr
2
= 2 mr
2
,
so
K
R
=
1
2
I
2
= mr
2

2
= (2.66 10
26
kg) (7.7 10
11
m)
2
(4.57 10
12
rad/s)
2
= 3.29379 10
21
J .
keywords: