Development of Distance Education

in the USA
Development of Distance
Education in Great Britain
Are there any
differences?
In 1883-Chautauqua Institute was authorized
by New York state to award degrees by
correspondence
In 1840- Isaac Pitman teaches
shorthand correspondence
Favors employed , part time students
of above normal study age, and allows
them to enroll without formal
entrance qualifications
Played a role in the development of
research for distance education;
Is the largest and most innovative
educational organization in the world
Is a leader in the large-scale
application of technology to facilitate
distance learning
Open University brought the needed
respect and confidence to the
correspondence program around the
world
The success of Britains Open
University was the major reason for
the development of open universities
in other countries, such as America
What drove the
expansion of distance
education?
The first United States open university was
New York States Empire State College
(NYSES), which commenced operation in
1971 (Gerrity, 1976). One of the main
purposes of the NYSES was to make higher
education degrees more accessible to learners
unable to attend traditional programs,
campus-based courses.
The need for adult-oriented programs

What are the
situations
(geographic,
economic, political)
that are driving
educational
development?
Womens desire and participation in
distance education helped the growth
of distance education in the 1980s
and 1990s. Participation of women in
distance learning was directly related
to political and social changes in
womens position within the family
and society, technological changes in
the work place, and the economic
necessity of participation, and the job
market and new job opportunities.
adut colntinuing education
continuing education is necessary for
better job performance and
Central government initiative to bring
about Social equity and technological
modernization of the educational
system
advancement in the job market
changing work patterns i.e. flex
time and work from home
changing social patterns- need to
balance school, work & family
changing education patterns-
acquiring or updating new skills
What are the
technological
advancements?
Webcams to record the presentation
and upload, live streaming, telephone,
web-based VoIP
External & internal microphones to
allow Skype, Lync etc
Closed circuit broadcast with online
technology with internet access
Internet, video conferencing
Many of the courses in Open
University use periodic
sessions of residential or day
teaching to supplement the
remote teaching
The Open University uses a
blend of technology and
learning modalities