683



Industry Polymers

683

684


Industry Polymers

) (films

)(alkyd paints

:
Linear Aliphatic Polyesters

) (functional group : ) (

:

684

685


.


.
:
( Plasticizers
) (plasticizer


)temperature

transition

(glass

)
(

.

685

686


( Adhesives
) (coating .
(


)(crosslinks

) (anhydrides )anhydride

(maleic

).(fumaric acid


) (sebacic acid

).(paraplex rubber
(

) (HO/COOH

686

687


) (poly urethane

) (di-isocyanates
) (tri-isocyanate :

687

688


:
Aromatic Linear Polyesters

:

.


) .(crystallizable

.
) (diol.

) (
) .(

688

689


) : (

)(Tm) (C

-

225 230

225 260

110

220

689

70

330

120

690


) : ( ) (diol

)(Tm
)(C
500

180

360
330

300
224

690

691


: ) (
)Poly (Ethylene Terphthalate
) (
) ( )terphthalate

(dimethyl

) (
.

). (Crystallization

)terphthalate

(dimethyle

) (P-xylene )(terphthalic acid

:

691

692


692

693


693

694


:
Poly Carbonate

) (biphenols
:

.

.

694

695


) .(polycarbonate bisphenol A ).(

695

696


)(

)(Tg

(Tm) C

150

240 260

180

250 260

147

223 225

120
200 215

112

696

200 - 220

697


)( :
) - (

" "A :

697

698


:
Branched and Crosslinked Polyesters



). (network polymer

:

) (Tm )(Tg
.

698

699


) (maleic acid anhydride



.
:

699

700


.

).(alkyde resin

700

701


Polyester Derived from non Carboxylic Acids

) (polysulphonate )(polyphosphate
:

701

702


:
Polyamides
) .(nylon


.

) (natural polymers
.


)(amide linkages

702

703


) (films .

) (308 C 64 ) (65
) .(223 C
.

66
) (

.




.

703

704


) (

)(C

320 330

265

250 270

215

233

195 200

200

10

188

11

185 190

12

180

64

308

65

223

66

265

104

236

105

186

106

228

704

705


) ( :

) (NH
10 -

4 .5


) ( 66 -
) (265 C )
( ) (260 C.



:

705

706


) ( :
) : (
.
)(C

455

399

436

353

371

341

66
) ( .

706

707


6
) ( :

707

708


:
Poly Urea

:

:
( :

.
(

708

709


( :

709

710


:
Poly Ureathane

) .(H2N-COOH

.


.
) (
(

) (diols :

710

711


.
) (softening
.
( :

711

712


( :

:

) (copolymerization
.

.

) (

712

713


) (allophanate :

713

714


)(
Polyurethane Foam

Foam
:
- ).(flexible foam
- ).(rigid foam

.

.

.

714

715


:
Mechanical Foaming

.

).(polystyrene foam
:


) .(foaming agents

" "AIBN ) (45 C
:

715

716


) (emulsifire ) (stabilizers
.


.



) (-NH-CO-
.


:

716

717


) (amide linkage :

:
-
toluenediisocyanate
:
-
4,4'- diphenylmethane diisocyanate
:
-
stannous-2-ethyl hexoate
) (tertiary amines :
.Diazabicyclo-2-2-2-Octane

717

718


Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

"
. "phenolplast

:
:

" "resole
.
:

" "novolac
:

718

719


719

720


Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin

) (cyanamide :

2000 C
CaO + 3C
CaC 2 + CO

720