2. 2. 2. 2.

Transmission Line Transmission Line Transmission Line Transmission Line

2-1.Transmission-line equations
) ( ) (
) (
L j R Z z I Z
dz
z dV
d d
+ = =
) ( ) (
) (
C j G Y z V Y
dz
z dI
d d
+ = =
) (
1
) (
1
2 1
2 1
y
r
y
i
c
z z
c
y
r
y
i
z z
e V e V
Z
e V e V
Z
I
e V e V e V e V V


+ +
+ +
= =
+ = + =
c
d
d d
d d
Z
C j G
L j R
Y
Z Z
j C j G L j R Y Z
=
+
+
= =
+ = + + = =

) )( (
where propagation constant and characteristic impedance are
given by
2-2.Reflection coefficient and input impedance
Since the load impedance is given by
r i
r i
c L
V V
V V
Z
I
V
Z

+
= =
) 0 (
) 0 (
) 0 (
v
c L
c L
i
r
S
Z Z
Z Z
V
V
=
+

=
the reflection coefficient is defined by
y Z Z
y Z Z
Z y Z
L c
c L
c

tanh
tanh
) (
+
+
=
The impedance observed at an arbitrary position is given by
y jZ R
y jR Z
R y Z
L c
c L
c

tan
tan
) (
+
+
=
I n case of loss-less transmission line, the impedance is given by
The load resistance R
L
can be matched to the line with the
characteristic impedance R
c
by using a /4 segment of transmission
line with a characteristic impedance
2-5.Smith chart
) 0 ( 1
) 0 ( 1
) (
) (
min
max
S
S
y V
y V

+
= =
2-3.Standing wave ratio
2-4. /4 impedance transformer
) (
1
tan
1 tan
)
4
( tan 1
)
4
( tan
)
4
(
l z z l j
l jz
l jz
l j z
l z
L
L
L
L
=
+
+
=
+ +
+ +
= +

2
) ( )
4
(
c
R l Z l Z = +

The following relation holds in a loss-less transmission line.
L c x
R R R =