Excretion in Humans

Junior Science
Functions of the Body
Excretion
The process of eliminating waste products of metabolism
(cellular activity) such as carbon dioxide, water, salts and
Urea.
Secretion
The process of producing substances which perform special
functions in the body i.e. Digestive secretions include saliva,
gastric juice, intestinal juice, pancreatic juice, and bile.
Egestion
Is the process of eliminating undigested food substances.
Function of Excretion
Excretion is the removal of waste
products from the body resulting
from a variety of cellular reactions.
These waste products include
Carbon Dioxide, Water, Salts and
Urea
Organs of Excretion - The Skin .
The Skin excretes salts and water.
Organs of Excretion The Lungs
The Lungs excrete carbon dioxide and water vapour
Organs of Excretion - The Kidneys

The Kidneys excrete water, salts and urea.
The Urinary System
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Bladder
Ureters
Urethra
Kidney
The Urinary System

Renal Artery carries blood to the kidney and contains
water, salt and urea.
Renal Vein carries blood from the kidney to the heart
and contains no waste products.
Kidneys - remove excess water, salts and urea from
the blood which combine to form urine.
Ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Bladder stores urine until it is released
Urethra tube which take the urine from the body.
The Kidneys
The kidneys belong to the Urinary System and
are the main organs of excretion.
They clean blood by filtering it, (approximately
300 times a day)
Filtering occurs over millions of tiny tubes
(nephrons) packed into each kidney.
The blood capillaries in the kidney if extended
would be about 150km in length.

Functions of the Kidney

Filtering Blood
Make Urine,
Controlling the amount of water in
the blood

The main functions of the kidneys include:
Filtering Blood The Nephron

Urea
Urea (carbamide) is an organic chemical compound
which is produced when the body breaks down
excess protein in the liver.
The kidneys transfer the urea from the blood to the
urine.
The average person excretes about 30 grams of
urea a day, mostly through urine, but a small
amount is also secreted in perspiration.
Composition of Urine
0.05% Ammonia
0.18% Sulphate
0.12% Phosphate
0.6% Chloride
0.6% Potassium
0.01% Magnesium
0.1% Sodium
0.1% Creatinine
0.03% Uric Acid
2% Urea

95% Water

Urea
Synthesis of Urea
Urea is a solid
fertilizer
containing 46.6%
of Nitrogen. It is
produced by the
reaction of
Ammonia and
Carbon dioxide
under high
pressure.
Urine Testing
Urine tests are very useful and can
provide information to assist in the
diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of a
wide range of diseases.
Be used to determine whether or not a
woman is ovulating or pregnant.
Be used to tested for a variety of substances
relating to drug abuse (rehabilitation
programs/professional sport)


Early Drug Testing.
Summary
Excretion is the removal of wastes that are made in
the body


Organ Products
Lungs Carbon dioxide Water vapour
Kidneys Urine (Urea , Water, Salts )
Skin Sweat - water and salts.
Class Demonstration
Dissection of Kidney
Prep
Read chapter
Label and draw diagram of Urinary system
Complete workbook on excretion.
Quiz on Excretion