Chemistry Vocabulary

Periodic Trends, Quantum Mechanics, Atomic Theory, Ionic & Covalent Bonding

1. Group
A Group is the vertical coulum on the Periodic Table
2. Periods
A Period is the horizontal row on the Periodic Table
3. Element
A substance that perhaps cant be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
means
4. Compound
A substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded
together
5. Atomic Number
The number of protons and electrons normally found in an Atom
6. Atomic Mass
The average mass of atoms of an element
7. Atom
The defining structure of an element, can not be broken down by any chemical means
8. Ion
An atom or molecule which has gained or lost one or more of its valence electrons
9. Valence Electron
An electron that is most likely to take place in a chemical reaction
10. Metal
A metal is an element that readily forms positive ions and has an occurance of metallic
bonds
11. Nonmetal
One of the elements in which doesnt exhibit metallic properties, is generally located at
the upper right hand corner of the Periodic Table
12. Metalloids
A chemical element with properities between metals and non-metals
13. Noble Gas
Any of the elements located in Group 8 on the far right of the Periodic Table
14. Alkali Metal
Is an of the elements found in Group IA of the Periodic Table, reactive chemicals which
lose there own valence electron to form inonic bonds
15. Alkaline Earth Metal
An element belonging to group 2 on the Periodic Table, the Alkaline earth metals as a
group share similiar characteristic properties
16. Halogen
A group of 5 chemically related non-metallic elements including Flurione, Chlorine,
Bromine, Iodine, and Ataline
17. Cation
A positive Ion, an atoms or group of atoms with a loss of one or more electrons
18. Anion
A negatively charged ion, has more electrons then protons, in electrolysis anions migrate
to a positive charged anode location
19. Electron Affinity
The atomic physic of an atom or molecule that has a certain amount of energy thats
released when adding another electron
20. Electronegativity (explain the trend)
Is a measure of how strongly atoms attract bonding electrons together to themselves, you
can predict the bond with polarize of each diatomic molecule
21. Ionization Energy (explain the trend)
Describes the minimum amount of energy required in order to remove an electron from
the atom or molecule in the gaseous state
22. Atomic Radii (explain the trend)
Is useful for determining the many aspects of Chemistry such as various physical and
chemical properties
23. Density
Is the calculated mass of an object
24. Melting Point
25. Reactivity
Is the amount of time it takes for a substats to react
26. Subatomic Particle
Any of various particles of matter that are smaller than a
hydrogen atom. Protons, nuetrons, and electrons are
subatomic particles, are are all hadrons and leptons
27. Proton
Particle found in a Nucleus with a positive charge. Number of
these gives atomic number.
28. Neutron
An elementary particle having no charge, mass slightly
greater than that of a proton
29. Electron
An elementary particle that is fudamental constituent of
matter, having a negative charge
30. Nucleus
The center part of an atom
31. Bohrs Atomic Model

32. Rutherfords Atomic Model

33. Daltons Atomic Model

34. J.J Thomsons Atomic Model

35. Net Atomic Charge

36. Isotope

37. Molecule
A quantity of a substance, the weight of which, measured in
any chosen unit, is numerically equal to the molecular
weight; gram molecule
38. Physical Change

39. Sublevels

40. Orbitals

41. Shells
Electrons in outer shells have greater energy than those in
shells closer to the Nucleus. Elements in the Periodic Table
range from the lightest elements with electrons normally
occupying one shell (Hyrodgen and Helium) to the heaviest,
with electrons in seven shells (Radium and uranium)
42. Subshells
A group of electrons in an atom belonging to the same shell
and also having the same azimuthal quantum number
43. Quantum Numbers
Any integer or half of an odd integer that distinguishes one of
the disrete states of a quantum-mechanical system
44. Electron Configuration

45. Shape of s Orbitals

46. Shape of p Orbitals
47. Lewis Dot Structures
48. Electromagnetic Spectrum
49. Chemical Bond
50. Ionic Bonds
51. Metallic Bond
52. Chemical Formula
53. Subscript
54. Coefficient
55. Oxidation Number
56. Covalent Bond
57. Single Covalent Bond
58. Double Covalent Bond
59. Triple Covalent Bond
60. Molecular Formula
61. Structural Formula
62. Unshared Pair
63. Coordinate Covalent Bond
64. Bond Dissociation Energy
65. Nonpolar Covalent Bond
66. Polar Covalent Bond
67. Polar Molecule
68. Dipole
69. van der Walls Forces
70. Dispersion Forces
71. Hydrogen Bonds
72. Network Solids